1
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Brown NE, Ellerbe LR, Hollister SJ, Temenoff JS. Development and Characterization of Heparin-Containing Hydrogel/3D-Printed Scaffold Composites for Craniofacial Reconstruction. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:2287-2307. [PMID: 38734845 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03530-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Regeneration of cartilage and bone tissues remains challenging in tissue engineering due to their complex structures, and the need for both mechanical support and delivery of biological repair stimuli. Therefore, the goal of this study was to develop a composite scaffold platform for anatomic chondral and osteochondral repair using heparin-based hydrogels to deliver small molecules within 3D-printed porous scaffolds that provide structure, stiffness, and controlled biologic delivery. We designed a mold-injection system to combine hydrolytically degradable hydrogels and 3D-printed scaffolds that could be employed rapidly (< 30 min) in operating room settings (~23 °C). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated the effectiveness of our injection system through homogeneously distributed hydrogel within the pores of the scaffolds. Hydrogels and composite scaffolds exhibited efficient loading (~94%) of a small positively charged heparin-binding molecule (crystal violet) with sustained release over 14 days and showed high viability of encapsulated porcine chondrocytes over 7 days. Compression testing demonstrated nonlinear viscoelastic behavior where tangent stiffness decreased with scaffold porosity (porous scaffold tangent stiffness: 70%: 4.9 MPa, 80%: 1.5 MPa, and 90%: 0.20 MPa) but relaxation was not affected. Lower-porosity scaffolds (70%) showed stiffness similar to lower ranges of trabecular bone (4-8 MPa) while higher-porosity scaffolds (80% and 90%) showed stiffness similar to auricular cartilage (0.16-2 MPa). Ultimately, this rapid composite scaffold fabrication method may be employed in the operating room and utilized to control biologic delivery within load-bearing scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nettie E Brown
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Lela R Ellerbe
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Scott J Hollister
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University, 313 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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2
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Wang Y, Li T, Li N, Huang C, Xiong X, Xie X, Wu M, Wang L, Jiang J. 6-O-desulfated heparin attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice through the regulation of miR-199a-5p/klotho axis. Glycoconj J 2022; 39:747-758. [PMID: 36107266 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-022-10081-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heparin has been documented to reduce myocardial injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), but its clinical application is limited due to its strong intrinsic anticoagulant property. Some desulfated derivatives of heparin display low anticoagulant activity and may have potential value as therapeutic agents for myocardial I/R injury. In this study, we observed that 6-O-desulfated heparin, a desulfated derivative of heparin, shortened the activated partial thromboplastin time and exhibited lower anticoagulant activity compared with heparin or 2-O-desulfated heparin (another desulfated derivative of heparin). Then, we explored whether 6-O-desulfated heparin could protect against myocardial I/R injury, and elucidated its possible mechanisms. Administration of 6-O-desulfated heparin significantly reduced creatine kinase activity, myocardial infarct size and cell apoptosis in mice subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia following 2 h of reperfusion, accompanied by a reverse in miR-199a-5p elevation, klotho downregulation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. In cultured H9c2 cells, the mechanism of 6-O-desulfated heparin against myocardial I/R injury was further explored. Consistent with the results in vivo, 6-O-desulfated heparin significantly ameliorated hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced injury, upregulated klotho and decreased miR-199a-5p levels and ROS accumulation, and these effects were reversed by miR-199a-5p mimics. In conclusion, these results suggested that 6-O-desulfated heparin with lower anticoagulant activity attenuated myocardial I/R injury through miR-199a-5p/klotho and ROS signaling. Our study may also indicate that 6-O-desulfated heparin, as an excellent heparin derivative, is a potential therapeutic agent for myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Niansheng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Chuyi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoming Xiong
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Xie
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Meiting Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani School of Medicine, Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, University of South Florida, FL, 33613, Tampa, USA
| | - Junlin Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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3
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Melo CM, Wang H, Fujimura K, Strnadel J, Meneghetti MCZ, Nader HB, Klemke RL, Pinhal MAS. The Heparan Sulfate Binding Peptide in Tumor Progression of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:697626. [PMID: 34422650 PMCID: PMC8372403 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.697626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is the formation of new vessels from pre-existing vasculature. The heparan sulfate chains from endothelial cell proteoglycans interact with the major angiogenic factors, regulating blood vessels´ formation. Since the FDA´s first approval, anti-angiogenic therapy has shown tumor progression inhibition and increased patient survival. Previous work in our group has selected an HS-binding peptide using a phage display system. Therefore, we investigated the effect of the selected peptide in angiogenesis and tumor progression. The HS-binding peptide showed a higher affinity for heparin N-sulfated. The HS-binding peptide was able to inhibit the proliferation of human endothelial umbilical cord cells (HUVEC) by modulation of FGF-2. It was verified a significant decrease in the tube formation of human endothelial cells and capillary formation of mice aorta treated with HS-binding peptide. HS-binding peptide also inhibited the formation of sub-intestinal blood vessels in zebrafish embryos. Additionally, in zebrafish embryos, the tumor size decreased after treatment with HS-binding peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Mucciolo Melo
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Huawei Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ken Fujimura
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Jan Strnadel
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | | | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Richard L Klemke
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry/Molecular Biology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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4
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Receptor tyrosine kinases and heparan sulfate proteoglycans: Interplay providing anticancer targeting strategies and new therapeutic opportunities. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 178:114084. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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5
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Pan Q, Zhang C, Wu X, Chen Y. Identification of a heparosan heptasaccharide as an effective anti-inflammatory agent by partial desulfation of low molecular weight heparin. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 227:115312. [PMID: 31590876 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) possesses a dual function of anticoagulation and anti-inflammation. While the structures and mechanisms on its anticoagulation have been widely studied, the structural features responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of LMWH remain to be explored. In the present study, guided by an anti-inflammation assay, a non-anticoagulant species was generated from partial desulfation of LMWH to fully retain the anti-inflammatory activity, from which five fractions were further separated and three of them were characterized by enzymatic degradation, hydrophobic labeling, C18-based HPLC and LC-MS/MS analyses. The structure-activity relationship revealed that the sulfate groups in LMWH are critical to distinguish and separate the activities of anticoagulation and anti-inflammation, leading to the identification of a synthetic heparosan-type heptasaccharide as a potent anti-inflammatory agent. The present strategy enables the simplification of complex polysaccharides to bioactive synthetic oligosaccharides for therapeutic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Chengchang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Xuri Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China
| | - Yijun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Laboratory of Chemical Biology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
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6
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Trieger GW, Verespy S, Gordts PLSM, Godula K. Efficient Synthesis of Heparinoid Bioconjugates for Tailoring FGF2 Activity at the Stem Cell-Matrix Interface. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:833-840. [PMID: 30668905 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans (HS GAGs) attached to proteoglycans harbor high affinity binding sites for various growth factors (GFs) and direct their organization and activity across the cell-matrix interface. Here, we describe a mild and efficient method for generating HS-protein conjugates. The two-step process utilizes a "copper-free click" coupling between differentially sulfated heparinoids primed at their reducing end with an azide handle and a bovine serum albumin protein modified with complementary cyclooctyne functionality. When adsorbed on tissue culture substrates, the glycoconjugates served as extracellular matrix proteoglycan models with the ability to sequester FGF2 and influence mesenchymal stem cell proliferation based on the structure of their HS GAG component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg W Trieger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | - Stephen Verespy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
| | | | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California San Diego , 9500 Gilman Drive , La Jolla , California 92093-0358 , United States
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7
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Lanzi C, Cassinelli G. Heparan Sulfate Mimetics in Cancer Therapy: The Challenge to Define Structural Determinants and the Relevance of Targets for Optimal Activity. Molecules 2018; 23:E2915. [PMID: 30413079 PMCID: PMC6278363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond anticoagulation, the therapeutic potential of heparin derivatives and heparan sulfate (HS) mimetics (functionally defined HS mimetics) in oncology is related to their ability to bind and modulate the function of a vast array of HS-binding proteins with pivotal roles in cancer growth and progression. The definition of structural/functional determinants and the introduction of chemical modifications enabled heparin derivatives to be identified with greatly reduced or absent anticoagulant activity, but conserved/enhanced anticancer activity. These studies paved the way for the disclosure of structural requirements for the inhibitory effects of HS mimetics on heparanase, selectins, and growth factor receptor signaling, as well as for the limitation of side effects. Actually, HS mimetics affect the tumor biological behavior via a multi-target mechanism of action based on their effects on tumor cells and various components of the tumor microenvironment. Emerging evidence indicates that immunomodulation can participate in the antitumor activity of these agents. Significant ability to enhance the antitumor effects of combination treatments with standard therapies was shown in several tumor models. While the first HS mimetics are undergoing early clinical evaluation, an improved understanding of the molecular contexts favoring the antitumor action in certain malignancies or subgroups is needed to fully exploit their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Lanzi
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Cassinelli
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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8
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Atallah P, Schirmer L, Tsurkan M, Putra Limasale YD, Zimmermann R, Werner C, Freudenberg U. In situ-forming, cell-instructive hydrogels based on glycosaminoglycans with varied sulfation patterns. Biomaterials 2018; 181:227-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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9
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Tellier L, Krieger J, Brimeyer A, Coogan A, Falis A, Rinker T, Schudel A, Thomas S, Jarrett C, Willett N, Botchwey E, Temenoff J. Localized SDF-1α Delivery Increases Pro-Healing Bone Marrow-Derived Cells in the Supraspinatus Muscle Following Severe Rotator Cuff Injury. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2018; 4:92-103. [PMID: 30288396 PMCID: PMC6166879 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-018-0052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
To examine how the chemotactic agent stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) modulates the unique cellular milieu within rotator cuff muscle following tendon injury, we developed an injectable, heparin-based microparticle platform to locally present SDF-1α within the supraspinatus muscle following severe rotator cuff injury. SDF-1α loaded, degradable, N-desulfated heparin-based microparticles were fabricated, injected into a rat model of severe rotator cuff injury, and were retained for up to 7 days at the site. The resultant inflammatory cell and mesenchymal stem cell populations were analyzed compared to uninjured contralateral controls and, after 7 days, the fold-change in anti-inflammatory, M2-like macrophages (CD11b+CD68+CD163+, 4.3X fold-change) and mesenchymal stem cells (CD29+CD44+CD90+, 3.0X, respectively) was significantly greater in muscles treated with SDF-1α loaded microparticles than unloaded microparticles or injury alone. Our results indicate that SDF-1α loaded microparticles may be a novel approach to shift the cellular composition within the supraspinatus muscle and create a more pro-regenerative milieu, which may provide a platform to improve muscle repair following rotator cuff injury in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.E. Tellier
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - J.R. Krieger
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.L. Brimeyer
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.C. Coogan
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A.A. Falis
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - T.E. Rinker
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A. Schudel
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - S.N. Thomas
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Decatur, GA
| | - C.D. Jarrett
- Wilmington Health Orthopedic Medical Center, Wilmington, NC
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Decatur, GA
| | - N.J. Willett
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Orthopedics, Emory University, Decatur, GA
- Atlanta Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA
| | - E.A. Botchwey
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - J.S. Temenoff
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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10
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Peng Y, Tellier LE, Temenoff JS. Heparin-based hydrogels with tunable sulfation & degradation for anti-inflammatory small molecule delivery. Biomater Sci 2018; 4:1371-80. [PMID: 27447003 DOI: 10.1039/c6bm00455e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sustained release of anti-inflammatory agents remains challenging for small molecule drugs due to their low molecular weight and hydrophobicity. Therefore, the goal of this study was to control the release of a small molecule anti-inflammatory agent, crystal violet (CV), from hydrogels fabricated with heparin, a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan capable of binding positively-charged molecules such as CV. In this system, both electrostatic interactions between heparin and CV and hydrogel degradation were tuned simultaneously by varying the level of heparin sulfation and varying the amount of dithiothreitol within hydrogels, respectively. It was found that heparin sulfation significantly affected CV release, whereby more sulfated heparin hydrogels (Hep and Hep(-N)) released CV with near zero-order release kinetics (R-squared values between 0.96-0.99). Furthermore, CV was released more quickly from fast-degrading hydrogels than slow-degrading hydrogels, providing a method to tune total CV release between 5-15 days while maintaining linear release kinetics. In particular, N-desulfated heparin hydrogels exhibited efficient CV loading (∼90% of originally included CV), near zero-order CV release kinetics, and maintenance of CV bioactivity after release, making this hydrogel formulation a promising CV delivery vehicle for a wide range of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Peng
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Liane E Tellier
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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11
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Tellier LE, Treviño EA, Brimeyer AL, Reece DS, Willett NJ, Guldberg RE, Temenoff JS. Intra-articular TSG-6 delivery from heparin-based microparticles reduces cartilage damage in a rat model of osteoarthritis. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:1159-1167. [DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00010g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a potential treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), we have developed hydrolytically degradable heparin-based biomaterials for the intra-articular delivery of tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane E. Tellier
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Elda A. Treviño
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Alexandra L. Brimeyer
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - David S. Reece
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
| | - Nick J. Willett
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Department of Orthopedics
| | - Robert E. Guldberg
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
- Georgia Institute of Technology
- Atlanta
- USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering
| | - Johnna S. Temenoff
- W. H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University
- Atlanta
- USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience
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12
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Zong C, Venot A, Li X, Lu W, Xiao W, Wilkes JSL, Salanga CL, Handel TM, Wang L, Wolfert MA, Boons GJ. Heparan Sulfate Microarray Reveals That Heparan Sulfate-Protein Binding Exhibits Different Ligand Requirements. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:9534-9543. [PMID: 28651046 PMCID: PMC5588662 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfates (HS) are linear sulfated polysaccharides that modulate a wide range of physiological and disease-processes. Variations in HS epimerization and sulfation provide enormous structural diversity, which is believed to underpin protein binding and regulatory properties. The ligand requirements of HS-binding proteins have, however, been defined in only a few cases. We describe here a synthetic methodology that can rapidly provide a library of well-defined HS oligosaccharides. It is based on the use of modular disaccharides to assemble several selectively protected tetrasaccharides that were subjected to selective chemical modifications such as regioselective O- and N-sulfation and selective de-sulfation. A number of the resulting compounds were subjected to enzymatic modifications by 3-O-sulfotransferases-1 (3-OST1) to provide 3-O-sulfated derivatives. The various approaches for diversification allowed one tetrasaccharide to be converted into 12 differently sulfated derivatives. By employing tetrasaccharides with different backbone compositions, a library of 47 HS-oligosaccharides was prepared and the resulting compounds were used to construct a HS microarray. The ligand requirements of a number of HS-binding proteins including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), and the chemokines CCL2, CCL5, CCL7, CCL13, CXCL8, and CXCL10 were examined using the array. Although all proteins recognized multiple compounds, they exhibited clear differences in structure-binding characteristics. The HS microarray data guided the selection of compounds that could interfere in biological processes such as cell proliferation. Although the library does not cover the entire chemical space of HS-tetrasaccharides, the binding data support a notion that changes in cell surface HS composition can modulate protein function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Zong
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Andre Venot
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Xiuru Li
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Weigang Lu
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Wenyuan Xiao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jo-Setti L. Wilkes
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Catherina L. Salanga
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0684, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Tracy M. Handel
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California—San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive MC0684, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
| | - Lianchun Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Margreet A. Wolfert
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
- Department of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, and Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
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13
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Abstract
The aim of this chapter is to provide an overview of non-anticoagulant effects of heparins and their potential use in new therapeutic applications. Heparin and heparin derivatives have been tested in inflammatory, pulmonary and reproductive diseases, in cardiovascular, nephro- and neuro-tissue protection and repair, but also as agents against angiogenesis, atheroschlerosis, metastasis, protozoa and viruses. Targeting and inhibition of specific mediators involved in the inflammatory process, promoting some of the above mentioned pathologies, are reported along with recent studies of heparin conjugates and oral delivery systems. Some reports from the institute of the authors, such as those devoted to glycol-split heparins are also included. Among the members and derivatives of this class, several are undergoing clinical trials as antimetastatic and antimalarial agents and for the treatment of labour pain and severe hereditary anaemia. Other heparins, whose therapeutic targets are non-anticoagulant such as nephropathies, retinopathies and cystic fibrosis are also under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annamaria Naggi
- Istituto di Ricerche Chimiche e Biochimiche G Ronzoni, Milan, Italy.
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Structural characterization and anti-inflammatory activity of two novel polysaccharides from the sea squirt, Ascidiella aspersa. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2016; 40:69-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Mulloy B, Hogwood J, Gray E, Lever R, Page CP. Pharmacology of Heparin and Related Drugs. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:76-141. [PMID: 26672027 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin has been recognized as a valuable anticoagulant and antithrombotic for several decades and is still widely used in clinical practice for a variety of indications. The anticoagulant activity of heparin is mainly attributable to the action of a specific pentasaccharide sequence that acts in concert with antithrombin, a plasma coagulation factor inhibitor. This observation has led to the development of synthetic heparin mimetics for clinical use. However, it is increasingly recognized that heparin has many other pharmacological properties, including but not limited to antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antimetastatic actions. Many of these activities are independent of its anticoagulant activity, although the mechanisms of these other activities are currently less well defined. Nonetheless, heparin is being exploited for clinical uses beyond anticoagulation and developed for a wide range of clinical disorders. This article provides a "state of the art" review of our current understanding of the pharmacology of heparin and related drugs and an overview of the status of development of such drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mulloy
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - John Hogwood
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Elaine Gray
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Rebecca Lever
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
| | - Clive P Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, United Kingdom (B.M., C.P.P.); National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom (J.H., E.G.); and University College London School of Pharmacy, London, United Kingdom (R.L.)
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Krieger JR, Ogle ME, McFaline-Figueroa J, Segar CE, Temenoff JS, Botchwey EA. Spatially localized recruitment of anti-inflammatory monocytes by SDF-1α-releasing hydrogels enhances microvascular network remodeling. Biomaterials 2015; 77:280-90. [PMID: 26613543 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue repair processes are characterized by the biphasic recruitment of distinct subpopulations of blood monocytes, including classical ("inflammatory") monocytes (IMs, Ly6C(hi)Gr1(+)CX3CR1(lo)) and non-classical anti-inflammatory monocytes (AMs, Ly6C(lo)Gr1(-)CX3CR1(hi)). Drug-eluting biomaterial implants can be used to tune the endogenous repair process by the preferential recruitment of pro-regenerative cells. To enhance recruitment of AMs during inflammatory injury, a novel N-desulfated heparin-containing poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA) hydrogel was engineered to deliver exogenous stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-1α), utilizing the natural capacity of heparin to sequester and release growth factors. SDF-1α released from the hydrogels maintained its bioactivity and stimulated chemotaxis of bone marrow cells in vitro. Intravital microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated that SDF-1α hydrogels implanted in a murine dorsal skinfold window chamber promoted spatially-localized recruitment of AMs relative to unloaded internal control hydrogels. SDF-1α delivery stimulated arteriolar remodeling that was correlated with AM enrichment in the injury niche. SDF-1α, but not unloaded control hydrogels, supported sustained arteriogenesis and microvascular network growth through 7 days. The recruitment of AMs correlated with parameters of vascular remodeling suggesting that tuning the innate immune response by biomaterial SDF-1α release is a promising strategy for promoting vascular remodeling in a spatially controlled manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Krieger
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - M E Ogle
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J McFaline-Figueroa
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - C E Segar
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - J S Temenoff
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - E A Botchwey
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Tellier LE, Miller T, McDevitt TC, Temenoff JS. Hydrolysis and Sulfation Pattern Effects on Release of Bioactive Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 from Heparin-Based Microparticles. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:8001-8009. [PMID: 27785363 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00933b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin are promising materials for growth factor delivery due to their ability to efficiently bind positively charged growth factors including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) through their negatively charged sulfate groups. Therefore, the goal of this study was to examine BMP-2 release from heparin-based microparticles (MPs) after first, incorporating a hydrolytically degradable crosslinker and varying heparin content within MPs to alter MP degradation and second, altering the sulfation pattern of heparin within MPs to vary BMP-2 binding and release. Using varied MP formulations, it was found that the time course of MP degradation for 1 wt% heparin MPs was ~4 days slower than 10 wt% heparin MPs, indicating that MP degradation was dependent on heparin content. After incubating 100 ng BMP-2 with 0.1 mg MPs, most MP formulations loaded BMP-2 with ~50% efficiency and significantly more BMP-2 release (60% of loaded BMP-2) was observed from more sulfated heparin MPs (MPs with ~100% and 80% of native sulfation). Similarly, BMP-2 bioactivity in more sulfated heparin MP groups was at least four-fold higher than soluble BMP-2 and less sulfated heparin MP groups, as determined by an established C2C12 cell alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. Ultimately, the two most sulfated 10 wt% heparin MP formulations were able to efficiently load and release BMP-2 while enhancing BMP-2 bioactivity, making them promising candidates for future growth factor delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liane E Tellier
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30032
| | - Tobias Miller
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30032
| | - Todd C McDevitt
- Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, 1650 Owens Street, San Francisco, CA 94158; Department of Bioengineering & Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco
| | - Johnna S Temenoff
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30032; Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
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Non-Anticoagulant Fractions of Enoxaparin Suppress Inflammatory Cytokine Release from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Allergic Asthmatic Individuals. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128803. [PMID: 26046354 PMCID: PMC4457428 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties. However, its clinical exploitation as an anti-inflammatory agent is hampered by its anticoagulant effect and the associated risk of bleeding. OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study was to examine the ability of non-anticoagulant fractions of enoxaparin to inhibit the release of key inflammatory cytokines in primed peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from allergic mild asthmatics. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from allergic asthmatics were activated with phytohaemag glutinin (PHA), concanavalin-A (ConA) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in the presence or absence of enoxaparin fractions before cytokine levels were quantified using specific cytokine bead arrays. Together with nuclear magnetic resonance analysis,time-dependent and target-specific effects of enoxaparin fractions were used to elucidate structural determinants for their anti-inflammatory effect and gain mechanistic insights into their anti-inflammatory activity. RESULTS Two non-anticoagulant fractions of enoxaparin were identified that significantly inhibited T-cell activation. A disaccharide fraction of enoxaparin inhibited the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α by more than 57% while a tetrasaccharide fraction was found to inhibit the release of tested cytokines by more than 68%. Our data suggest that the observed response is likely to be due to an interaction of 6-O-sulfated tetrasaccharide with cellular receptor(s). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The two identified anti-inflammatory fractions lacked anticoagulant activity and are therefore not associated with risk of bleeding. The findings highlight the potential therapeutic use of enoxaparin-derived fractions, in particular tetrasaccharide, in patients with chronic inflammatory disorders.
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19
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Shastri MD, Stewart N, Horne J, Peterson GM, Gueven N, Sohal SS, Patel RP. In-vitro suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 release from human pulmonary epithelial cells by non-anticoagulant fraction of enoxaparin. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126763. [PMID: 25961885 PMCID: PMC4427328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enoxaparin, a mixture of anticoagulant and non-anticoagulant fractions, is widely used as an anticoagulant agent. However, it is also reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties. Our study indicated that enoxaparin inhibits the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from A549 pulmonary epithelial cells. Their release causes extensive lung tissue damage. The use of enoxaparin as an anti-inflammatory agent is hampered due to the risk of bleeding associated with its anticoagulant fractions. Therefore, we aimed to identify the fraction responsible for the observed anti-inflammatory effect of enoxaparin and to determine the relationship between its structure and biological activities. METHODS A549 pulmonary epithelial cells were pre-treated in the presence of enoxaparin and its fractions. The levels of IL-6 and IL-8 released from the trypsin-stimulated cells were measured by ELISA. The anticoagulant activity of the fraction responsible for the effect of enoxaparin was determined using an anti-factor-Xa assay. The fraction was structurally characterised using nuclear magnetic resonance. The fraction was 2-O, 6-O or N-desulfated to determine the position of sulfate groups required for the inhibition of interleukins. High-performance size-exclusion chromatography was performed to rule out that the observed effect was due to the interaction between the fraction and trypsin or interleukins. RESULTS Enoxaparin (60 μg/mL) inhibited the release of IL-6 and IL-8 by >30%. The fraction responsible for this effect of enoxaparin was found to be a disaccharide composed of α-L-iduronic-acid and α-D-glucosamine-6-sulfate. It (15 μg/mL) inhibited the release of interleukins by >70%. The 6-O sulphate groups were responsible for its anti-inflammatory effect. The fraction did not bind to trypsin or interleukins, suggesting the effect was not due to an artefact of the experimental model. CONCLUSION The identified disaccharide has no anticoagulant activity and therefore eliminates the risk of bleeding associated with enoxaparin. Future in-vivo studies should be designed to validate findings of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur D. Shastri
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Niall Stewart
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - James Horne
- Central Science Laboratory, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gregory M. Peterson
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Health Services Innovation Tasmania, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Breathe Well Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Nuri Gueven
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sukhwinder S. Sohal
- Breathe Well Centre of Research Excellence for Chronic Respiratory Disease and Lung Ageing, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Rahul P. Patel
- Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- * E-mail:
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20
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Heparin/Heparan sulfate proteoglycans glycomic interactome in angiogenesis: biological implications and therapeutical use. Molecules 2015; 20:6342-88. [PMID: 25867824 PMCID: PMC6272510 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the process of formation of new blood vessel from pre-existing ones, is involved in various intertwined pathological processes including virus infection, inflammation and oncogenesis, making it a promising target for the development of novel strategies for various interventions. To induce angiogenesis, angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) must interact with pro-angiogenic receptors to induce proliferation, protease production and migration of endothelial cells (ECs). The action of AGFs is counteracted by antiangiogenic modulators whose main mechanism of action is to bind (thus sequestering or masking) AGFs or their receptors. Many sugars, either free or associated to proteins, are involved in these interactions, thus exerting a tight regulation of the neovascularization process. Heparin and heparan sulfate proteoglycans undoubtedly play a pivotal role in this context since they bind to almost all the known AGFs, to several pro-angiogenic receptors and even to angiogenic inhibitors, originating an intricate network of interaction, the so called "angiogenesis glycomic interactome". The decoding of the angiogenesis glycomic interactome, achievable by a systematic study of the interactions occurring among angiogenic modulators and sugars, may help to design novel antiangiogenic therapies with implications in the cure of angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
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21
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Opposing effects of low molecular weight heparins on the release of inflammatory cytokines from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatics. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118798. [PMID: 25738575 PMCID: PMC4349593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background T-cell-mediated inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), play an important role in the initiation and progression of inflammatory airways diseases. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs), widely used anticoagulants, possess anti-inflammatory properties making them potential treatment options for inflammatory diseases, including asthma. In the current study, we investigated the modulating effects of two LMWHs (enoxaparin and dalteparin) on the release of cytokines from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of asthmatic subjects to identify the specific components responsible for the effects. Methods PBMCs from asthmatic subjects (consist of ~75% of T-cells) were isolated from blood taken from ten asthmatic subjects. The PBMCs were pre-treated in the presence or absence of different concentrations of LMWHs, and were then stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin for the release of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13 and TNF-α. LMWHs were completely or selectively desulfated and their anticoagulant effect, as well as the ability to modulate cytokine release, was determined. LMWHs were chromatographically fractionated and each fraction was tested for molecular weight determination along with an assessment of anticoagulant potency and effect on cytokine release. Results Enoxaparin inhibited cytokine release by more than 48%, whereas dalteparin increased their release by more than 25%. The observed anti-inflammatory effects of enoxaparin were independent of their anticoagulant activities. Smaller fractions, in particular dp4 (four saccharide units), were responsible for the inhibitory effect of enoxaparin. Whereas, the larger fractions, in particular dp22 (twenty two saccharide units), were associated with the stimulatory effect of dalteparin. Conclusion Enoxaparin and dalteparin demonstrated opposing effects on inflammatory markers. These observed effects could be due to the presence of structurally different components in the two LMWHs arising from different methods of depolymerisation. This study provides a platform for further studies investigating the usefulness of enoxaparin in various inflammatory diseases.
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22
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Seto SP, Miller T, Temenoff JS. Effect of selective heparin desulfation on preservation of bone morphogenetic protein-2 bioactivity after thermal stress. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:286-93. [PMID: 25621929 DOI: 10.1021/bc500565x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone and cartilage formation and is of interest in regenerative medicine. Heparin can interact electrostatically with BMP-2 and thus has been explored for controlled release and potential stabilization of this growth factor in vivo. However, in its natively sulfated state, heparin has potent anticoagulant properties that may limit its use. Desulfation reduces anticoagulant properties, but may impact heparin's ability to interact and protect BMP-2 from denaturation. The goal of this study was to characterize three selectively desulfated heparin species (N-desulfated (Hep(-N)), 6-O,N-desulfated (Hep(-N,-6O)), and completely desulfated heparin (Hep(-))) and determine if the sulfation level of heparin affected the level of BMP-2 bioactivity after heat treatment at 65 °C. BMP-2 bioactivity was evaluated using the established C2C12 cell assay. The resulting alkaline phosphatase activity data demonstrated that native heparin maintained a significant amount of BMP-2 bioactivity and the effect appeared to be heparin concentration dependent. Although all three had the same molecular charge as determined by zeta potential measurements, desulfated heparin derivatives Hep(-N) and Hep(-N,-6O) were not as effective as native heparin in maintaining BMP-2 bioactivity (only ~35% of original activity remained in both cases). These findings can be used to better select desulfated heparin species that exhibit low anticoagulant activity while extending the half-life of BMP-2 in solution and in delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song P Seto
- W.H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University , 315 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Angiogenic growth factors interactome and drug discovery: The contribution of surface plasmon resonance. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 26:293-310. [PMID: 25465594 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is implicated in several pathological conditions, including cancer, and in regenerative processes, including the formation of collateral blood vessels after stroke. Physiological angiogenesis is the outcome of a fine balance between the action of angiogenic growth factors (AGFs) and anti-angiogenic molecules, while pathological angiogenesis occurs when this balance is pushed toward AGFs. AGFs interact with multiple endothelial cell (EC) surface receptors inducing cell proliferation, migration and proteases upregulation. On the contrary, free or extracellular matrix-associated molecules inhibit angiogenesis by sequestering AGFs (thus hampering EC stimulation) or by interacting with specific EC receptors inducing apoptosis or decreasing responsiveness to AGFs. Thus, angiogenesis results from an intricate network of interactions among pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, EC receptors and various modulators. All these interactions represent targets for the development of pro- or anti-angiogenic therapies. These aims call for suitable technologies to study the countless interactions occurring during neovascularization. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a label-free optical technique to study biomolecular interactions in real time. It has become the golden standard technology for interaction analysis in biomedical research, including angiogenesis. From a survey of the literature it emerges that SPR has already contributed substantially to the better understanding of the neovascularization process, laying the basis for the decoding of the angiogenesis "interactome" and the identification of "hub molecules" that may represent preferential targets for an efficacious modulation of angiogenesis. Here, the still unexploited full potential of SPR is enlightened, pointing to improvements in its use for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of neovascularization and the identification of novel anti-angiogenic drugs.
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Roy S, El Hadri A, Richard S, Denis F, Holte K, Duffner J, Yu F, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Capila I, Schultes B, Petitou M, Kaundinya GV. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a unique heparin mimetic hexasaccharide for structure-activity relationship studies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4511-20. [PMID: 24786387 DOI: 10.1021/jm4016069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To date, the structure-activity relationship studies of heparin/heparan sulfate with their diverse binding partners such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular matrix proteins have been limited yet provide early insight that specific sequences contribute to this manifold biological role. This has led to an impetus for the chemical synthesis of oligosaccharide fragments of these complex polysaccharides, which can provide an effective tool for this goal. The synthesis of three heparin mimetic hexasaccharides with distinct structural patterns is described herein, and the influence of the targeted substitution on their bioactivity profiles is studied using in vitro affinity and/or inhibition toward different growth factors and proteins. Additionally, the particularly challenging synthesis of an irregular hexasaccharide is reported, which, interestingly, in spite of being considerably structurally similar with its two counterparts, displayed a unique and remarkably distinct profile in the test assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Roy
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals Inc. , 675 West Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
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25
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Shahbazi MA, Hamidi M, Mohammadi-Samani S. Preparation, optimization, and in-vitro/in-vivo/ex-vivo characterization of chitosan-heparin nanoparticles: drug-induced gelation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2013; 65:1118-33. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Management of blood coagulation-related diseases is currently limited by the inability to provide an adequate drug concentration in blood circulation for a long term. As a promising way to overcome this problem, the long-acting forms of these drugs have attracted many interests in recent years.
Methods
In this study, chitosan-heparin nanoparticles were prepared as a polymeric delivery system intended for the prolonged intravenous delivery of heparin where the drug was used as both the therapeutic agent and a gel-forming counter-ion. The nanoparticle preparation method was optimized using a Taguchi orthogonal array. Critical formulation variables were optimized in this study in terms of their corresponding effects on the target response of particle size. Nanoparticles were characterized by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and zeta potential.
Key findings
The size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency for the optimized formulation were found to be 61.33 ± 1.53 nm, 0.06, +15.7 mv and 74.16 ± 1.27%, respectively. The sizes of the prepared drug-loaded nanoparticles were stable at least 1 week at room temperature and 3 months in refrigerator.
Conclusions
The ex-vivo and in-vivo tests on the heparin-chitosan nanoparticles using activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) as the biological index were indicative of a smoother and longer elevation in aPTT in the presence of nanoparticulate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mehrdad Hamidi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi-Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Schlesinger M, Schmitz P, Zeisig R, Naggi A, Torri G, Casu B, Bendas G. The inhibition of the integrin VLA-4 in MV3 melanoma cell binding by non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives. Thromb Res 2011; 129:603-10. [PMID: 22099706 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2011.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The integrin VLA-4-mediated binding is important for the metastatic dissemination of melanoma cells. Recently we found that heparin possesses a binding capacity to VLA-4. This could contribute to the heparin function to attenuate metastasis in a selectin-dependent manner. Aiming to a purposive, anti-adhesive heparin application, structural requirements of heparin for VLA-4 recognition have to be elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A series of non-anticoagulant heparin derivatives were investigated concerning their inhibitory capacities for VLA-4 mediated binding of human melanoma MV3 cells to VCAM-1 under physiological flow conditions in vitro. A surface acoustic wave biosensor was applied to detect kinetic constants of selected derivatives binding to both, VLA-4 or P- and L-selectin. RESULTS Experimental metastasis of MV3 cells in mice confirmed the relevance of VLA-4 for metastatic dissemination. LMWHs (enoxaparin, tinzaparin) efficiently blocked VLA-4 cell binding, dominantly via the integrin`s α-chain. Desulfation at 2-O-position, N-acetylation or a size smaller than tetradecasaccharide disfavoured VLA-4 inhibition. Glycol-splitting of heparin and thus higher chain flexibility is a tolerable parameter. A derivative with 50% 6-O-desulfation appeared promising and exceeded tinzaparin in VLA-4 inhibition, both compounds displayed binding affinities to VLA-4 in the low micromolar range. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide structure-activity relationships for heparin VLA-4 binding, which partly differ from P- and L-selectin requirements. The data confirm that anti-coagulative and anti-adhesive function of heparin can be distinguished favouring applications of non-anticoagulant heparins in antimetastatic approaches without the risk of bleeding complications. The 50% 6-O-desulfated heparin-derivative appears promising to further evaluate the interference with selectin and VLA-4 binding functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlesinger
- Department of Pharmacy, Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms University Bonn, 53121 Bonn, Germany.
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Zhou H, Roy S, Cochran E, Zouaoui R, Chu CL, Duffner J, Zhao G, Smith S, Galcheva-Gargova Z, Karlgren J, Dussault N, Kwan RYQ, Moy E, Barnes M, Long A, Honan C, Qi YW, Shriver Z, Ganguly T, Schultes B, Venkataraman G, Kishimoto TK. M402, a novel heparan sulfate mimetic, targets multiple pathways implicated in tumor progression and metastasis. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21106. [PMID: 21698156 PMCID: PMC3116871 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a key role in shaping the tumor microenvironment by presenting growth factors, cytokines, and other soluble factors that are critical for host cell recruitment and activation, as well as promoting tumor progression, metastasis, and survival. M402 is a rationally engineered, non-cytotoxic heparan sulfate (HS) mimetic, designed to inhibit multiple factors implicated in tumor-host cell interactions, including VEGF, FGF2, SDF-1α, P-selectin, and heparanase. A single s.c. dose of M402 effectively inhibited seeding of B16F10 murine melanoma cells to the lung in an experimental metastasis model. Fluorescent-labeled M402 demonstrated selective accumulation in the primary tumor. Immunohistological analyses of the primary tumor revealed a decrease in microvessel density in M402 treated animals, suggesting anti-angiogenesis to be one of the mechanisms involved in-vivo. M402 treatment also normalized circulating levels of myeloid derived suppressor cells in tumor bearing mice. Chronic administration of M402, alone or in combination with cisplatin or docetaxel, inhibited spontaneous metastasis and prolonged survival in an orthotopic 4T1 murine mammary carcinoma model. These data demonstrate that modulating HSPG biology represents a novel approach to target multiple factors involved in tumor progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Zhou
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sucharita Roy
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Edward Cochran
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Radouane Zouaoui
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chia Lin Chu
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jay Duffner
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ganlin Zhao
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sean Smith
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Juliane Karlgren
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Nancy Dussault
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rain Y. Q. Kwan
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Erick Moy
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marishka Barnes
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alison Long
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Chris Honan
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yi Wei Qi
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Zachary Shriver
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tanmoy Ganguly
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Birgit Schultes
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ganesh Venkataraman
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Takashi Kei Kishimoto
- Momenta Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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