1
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Garay YC, Cejas RB, Lorenz V, Zlocowski N, Parodi P, Ferrero FA, Angeloni G, García VA, Sendra VG, Lardone RD, Irazoqui FJ. Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 3: a post-translational writer on human health. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:1387-1403. [PMID: 36056254 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02249-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosamine transferase 3 (ppGalNAc-T3) is an enzyme involved in the initiation of O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis. Acting as a writer of frequent post-translational modification (PTM) on human proteins, ppGalNAc-T3 has key functions in the homeostasis of human cells and tissues. We review the relevant roles of this molecule in the biosynthesis of O-GalNAc glycans, as well as in biological functions related to human physiological and pathological conditions. With main emphasis in ppGalNAc-T3, we draw attention to the different ways involved in the modulation of ppGalNAc-Ts enzymatic activity. In addition, we take notice on recent reports of ppGalNAc-T3 having different subcellular localizations, highlight critical intrinsic and extrinsic functions in cellular physiology that are exerted by ppGalNAc-T3-synthesized PTMs, and provide an update on several human pathologies associated with dysfunctional ppGalNAc-T3. Finally, we propose biotechnological tools as new therapeutic options for the treatment of pathologies related to altered ppGalNAc-T3. KEY MESSAGES: ppGalNAc-T3 is a key enzyme in the human O-GalNAc glycans biosynthesis. enzyme activity is regulated by PTMs, lectin domain and protein-protein interactions. ppGalNAc-T3 is located in human Golgi apparatus and cell nucleus. ppGalNAc-T3 has a central role in cell physiology as well as in several pathologies. Biotechnological tools for pathological management are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohana Camila Garay
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Romina Beatriz Cejas
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Virginia Lorenz
- Facultad de Bioquímica Y Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto de Salud Y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Natacha Zlocowski
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de La Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Pedro Parodi
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Franco Alejandro Ferrero
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Genaro Angeloni
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Valentina Alfonso García
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor German Sendra
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ricardo Dante Lardone
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando José Irazoqui
- Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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Coelho H, Rivas MDL, Grosso AS, Diniz A, Soares CO, Francisco RA, Dias JS, Compañon I, Sun L, Narimatsu Y, Vakhrushev SY, Clausen H, Cabrita EJ, Jiménez-Barbero J, Corzana F, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Marcelo F. Atomic and Specificity Details of Mucin 1 O-Glycosylation Process by Multiple Polypeptide GalNAc-Transferase Isoforms Unveiled by NMR and Molecular Modeling. JACS AU 2022; 2:631-645. [PMID: 35373202 PMCID: PMC8969996 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The large family of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (GalNAc-Ts) controls with precision how GalNAc O-glycans are added in the tandem repeat regions of mucins (e.g., MUC1). However, the structural features behind the creation of well-defined and clustered patterns of O-glycans in mucins are poorly understood. In this context, herein, we disclose the full process of MUC1 O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T2/T3/T4 isoforms by NMR spectroscopy assisted by molecular modeling protocols. By using MUC1, with four tandem repeat domains as a substrate, we confirmed the glycosylation preferences of different GalNAc-Ts isoforms and highlighted the importance of the lectin domain in the glycosylation site selection after the addition of the first GalNAc residue. In a glycosylated substrate, with yet multiple acceptor sites, the lectin domain contributes to orientate acceptor sites to the catalytic domain. Our experiments suggest that during this process, neighboring tandem repeats are critical for further glycosylation of acceptor sites by GalNAc-T2/T4 in a lectin-assisted manner. Our studies also show local conformational changes in the peptide backbone during incorporation of GalNAc residues, which might explain GalNAc-T2/T3/T4 fine specificities toward the MUC1 substrate. Interestingly, we postulate that a specific salt-bridge and the inverse γ-turn conformation of the PDTRP sequence in MUC1 are the main structural motifs behind the GalNAc-T4 specificity toward this region. In addition, in-cell analysis shows that the GalNAc-T4 isoform is the only isoform glycosylating the Thr of the immunogenic epitope PDTRP in vivo, which highlights the relevance of GalNAc-T4 in the glycosylation of this epitope. Finally, the NMR methodology established herein can be extended to other glycosyltransferases, such as C1GalT1 and ST6GalNAc-I, to determine the specificity toward complex mucin acceptor substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Coelho
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia
Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Matilde de las Rivas
- Institute
for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), University
of Zaragoza, Mariano
Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana S. Grosso
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana Diniz
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Cátia O. Soares
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rodrigo A. Francisco
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jorge S. Dias
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ismael Compañon
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Lingbo Sun
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Sergey Y. Vakhrushev
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Eurico J. Cabrita
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Jesús Jiménez-Barbero
- CIC
bioGUNE, Basque Research and Technology
Alliance (BRTA), Bizkaia
Technology Park, Building 801A, 48170 Derio, Spain
- Department
of Organic Chemistry II, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa 48940, Bizkaia, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 13, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion
Biomedica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento
de Química, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis
Química, Universidad de La Rioja, E-26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute
for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), Laboratorio
de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), University
of Zaragoza, Mariano
Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Copenhagen
Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
- Fundación
ARAID, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- Associate
Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School
of Science and Technology, Universidade
NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO,
Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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3
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Lam BQ, Srivastava R, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Alcohol Abuse with Cancer: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Significance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113077. [PMID: 34831299 PMCID: PMC8620339 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of the metabolic diseases which is characterized by sustained hyperglycemia, is a life-threatening disease. The global prevalence of DM is on the rise, mainly in low- and middle-income countries. Diabetes is a major cause of blindness, heart attacks, kidney failure, stroke, and lower limb amputation. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a form of diabetes that is characterized by high blood sugar and insulin resistance. T2DM can be prevented or delayed by a healthy diet, regular physical activity, maintaining normal body weight, and avoiding alcohol and tobacco use. Ethanol and its metabolites can cause differentiation defects in stem cells and promote inflammatory injury and carcinogenesis in several tissues. Recent studies have suggested that diabetes can be treated, and its consequences can be avoided or delayed with proper management. DM has a greater risk for several cancers, such as breast, colorectal, endometrial, pancreatic, gallbladder, renal, and liver cancer. The incidence of cancer is significantly higher in patients with DM than in those without DM. In addition to DM, alcohol abuse is also a risk factor for many cancers. We present a review of the recent studies investigating the association of both DM and alcohol abuse with cancer incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Q. Lam
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
| | - Rashmi Srivastava
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Jason Morvant
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Health System, 120 Ochsner Boulevard, Gretna, LA 70056, USA;
- A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA 70119, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; (B.Q.L.); (S.S.)
- A.B. Freeman School of Business, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
- Department of Genetics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Correspondence:
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4
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Prasher P, Sharma M. Targeting N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase for anticancer therapy. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:3-6. [PMID: 32985012 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, UGC Sponsored Centre for Advanced Studies, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India.,Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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5
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de Las Rivas M, Paul Daniel EJ, Narimatsu Y, Compañón I, Kato K, Hermosilla P, Thureau A, Ceballos-Laita L, Coelho H, Bernadó P, Marcelo F, Hansen L, Maeda R, Lostao A, Corzana F, Clausen H, Gerken TA, Hurtado-Guerrero R. Molecular basis for fibroblast growth factor 23 O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T3. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:351-360. [PMID: 31932717 PMCID: PMC7923394 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-019-0444-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polypeptide GalNAc-transferase T3 (GalNAc-T3) regulates fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) by O-glycosylating Thr178 in a furin proprotein processing motif RHT178R↓S. FGF23 regulates phosphate homeostasis and deficiency in GALNT3 or FGF23 results in hyperphosphatemia and familial tumoral calcinosis. We explored the molecular mechanism for GalNAc-T3 glycosylation of FGF23 using engineered cell models and biophysical studies including kinetics, molecular dynamics and X-ray crystallography of GalNAc-T3 complexed to glycopeptide substrates. GalNAc-T3 uses a lectin domain mediated mechanism to glycosylate Thr178 requiring previous glycosylation at Thr171. Notably, Thr178 is a poor substrate site with limiting glycosylation due to substrate clashes leading to destabilization of the catalytic domain flexible loop. We suggest GalNAc-T3 specificity for FGF23 and its ability to control circulating levels of intact FGF23 is achieved by FGF23 being a poor substrate. GalNAc-T3's structure further reveals the molecular bases for reported disease-causing mutations. Our findings provide an insight into how GalNAc-T isoenzymes achieve isoenzyme-specific nonredundant functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde de Las Rivas
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Yoshiki Narimatsu
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ismael Compañón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Logroño, Spain
| | - Kentaro Kato
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Eco-epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Pablo Hermosilla
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ceballos-Laita
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Helena Coelho
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
- CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, Derio, Spain
| | - Pau Bernadó
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale. INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Filipa Marcelo
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade de Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Lars Hansen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ryota Maeda
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Anabel Lostao
- Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Francisco Corzana
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de La Rioja, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Logroño, Spain
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ramon Hurtado-Guerrero
- BIFI, University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor s/n, Campus Rio Ebro, Edificio I+D, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Fundación ARAID, Zaragoza, Spain.
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6
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Lorenz V, Cejas RB, Bennett EP, Nores GA, Irazoqui FJ. Functional control of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase 3 through an acetylation site in the C-terminal lectin domain. Biol Chem 2017; 398:1237-1246. [PMID: 28672761 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2017-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
O-GalNAc glycans are important structures in cellular homeostasis. Their biosynthesis is initiated by members of the polypeptide GalNAc-transferase (ppGalNAc-T) enzyme family. Mutations in ppGalNAc-T3 isoform cause diseases (congenital disorders of glycosylation) in humans. The K626 residue located in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-T3 was predicted to be a site with high likelihood of acetylation by CBP/p300 acetyltransferase. We used a site-directed mutagenesis approach to evaluate the role of this acetylation site in biological properties of the enzyme. Two K626 mutants of ppGalNAc-T3 (T3K626Q and T3K626A) had GalNAc-T activities lower than that of wild-type enzyme. Direct and competitive interaction assays revealed that GalNAc recognition by the lectin domain was altered in the mutants. The presence of GlcNAc glycosides affected the interaction of the three enzymes with mucin-derived peptides. In GalNAc-T activity assays, the presence of GlcNAc glycosides significantly inhibited activity of the mutant (T3K626Q) that mimicked acetylation. Our findings, taken together, reveal the crucial role of the K626 residue in the C-terminal β-trefoil fold in biological properties of human ppGalNAc-T3. We propose that acetylated residues on ppGalNAc-T3 function as control points for enzyme activity, and high level of GlcNAc glycosides promote a synergistic regulatory mechanism, leading to a metabolically disordered state.
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7
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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8
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Lorenz V, Ditamo Y, Cejas RB, Carrizo ME, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Nores GA, Irazoqui FJ. Extrinsic Functions of Lectin Domains in O-N-Acetylgalactosamine Glycan Biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:25339-25350. [PMID: 27738109 PMCID: PMC5207237 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.740795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycan biosynthesis occurs mainly in Golgi. Molecular organization and functional regulation of this process are not well understood. We evaluated the extrinsic effect of lectin domains (β-trefoil fold) of polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) on catalytic activity of glycosyltransferases during O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis. The presence of lectin domain T3lec or T4lec during ppGalNAc-T2 and ppGalNAc-T3 catalytic reaction had a clear inhibitory effect on GalNAc-T activity. Interaction of T3lec or T4lec with ppGalNAc-T2 catalytic domain was not mediated by carbohydrate. T3lec, but not T2lec and T4lec, had a clear activating effect on Drosophila melanogaster core 1 galactosyltransferase enzyme activity and a predominant inhibitory effect on in vivo human core 1 glycan biosynthesis. The regulatory role of the β-trefoil fold of ppGalNAc-Ts in enzymatic activity of glycosyltransferases involved in the O-glycan biosynthesis pathway, described here for the first time, helps clarify the mechanism of biosynthesis of complex biopolymers (such as glycans) that is not template-driven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Lorenz
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
| | - Yanina Ditamo
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
| | - Romina B Cejas
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
| | - Maria E Carrizo
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
| | - Eric P Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gustavo A Nores
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), and Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina and
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9
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Revoredo L, Wang S, Bennett EP, Clausen H, Moremen KW, Jarvis DL, Ten Hagen KG, Tabak LA, Gerken TA. Mucin-type O-glycosylation is controlled by short- and long-range glycopeptide substrate recognition that varies among members of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family. Glycobiology 2015; 26:360-76. [PMID: 26610890 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwv108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large family of UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) initiates and defines sites of mucin-type Ser/Thr-O-GalNAc glycosylation. Family members have been classified into peptide- and glycopeptide-preferring subfamilies, although both families possess variable activities against glycopeptide substrates. All but one isoform contains a C-terminal carbohydrate-binding lectin domain whose roles in modulating glycopeptide specificity is just being understood. We have previously shown for several peptide-preferring isoforms that the presence of a remote Thr-O-GalNAc, 6-17 residues from a Ser/Thr acceptor site, may enhance overall catalytic activity in an N- or C-terminal direction. This enhancement varies with isoform and is attributed to Thr-O-GalNAc interactions at the lectin domain. We now report on the glycopeptide substrate utilization of a series of glycopeptide (human-ppGalNAc-T4, T7, T10, T12 and fly PGANT7) and peptide-preferring transferases (T2, T3 and T5) by exploiting a series of random glycopeptide substrates designed to probe the functions of their catalytic and lectin domains. Glycosylation was observed at the -3, -1 and +1 residues relative to a neighboring Thr-O-GalNAc, depending on isoform, which we attribute to specific Thr-O-GalNAc binding at the catalytic domain. Additionally, these glycopeptide-preferring isoforms show remote lectin domain-assisted Thr-O-GalNAc enhancements that vary from modest to none. We conclude that the glycopeptide specificity of the glycopeptide-preferring isoforms predominantly resides in their catalytic domain but may be further modulated by remote lectin domain interactions. These studies further demonstrate that both domains of the ppGalNAc-Ts have specialized and unique functions that work in concert to control and order mucin-type O-glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shengjun Wang
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Eric Paul Bennett
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Kelley W Moremen
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Donald L Jarvis
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | | | - Lawrence A Tabak
- Section on Biological Chemistry, Department of Health and Human Services, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thomas A Gerken
- Department of Chemistry Department of Pediatrics and Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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10
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Zhao S, Guo T, Li J, Uramoto H, Guan H, Deng W, Gu C. Expression and prognostic value of GalNAc-T3 in patients with completely resected small (≤2 cm) peripheral lung adenocarcinoma after IASLC/ATS/ERS classification. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:3143-52. [PMID: 26604783 PMCID: PMC4629976 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s93486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background GalNAc-T3 catalyzes initial glycosylation of mucin-type O-linked protein involved in proliferation, adhesion, and migration of tumor cells. This study was performed to explore the relationships of the expression of GalNAc-T3 in small peripheral lung adenocarcinoma, especially as an indicator of prognosis. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of the patients with small peripheral lung lesions, including 106 adenocarcinoma and two precancerous lesions (atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma in situ) after complete surgical resection, was launched. Expression of GalNAc-T3 was examined using immunohistochemistry staining on primary tumor specimens, and the tumors were reclassified in light of the IASLC/ATS/ERS (International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society) adenocarcinoma classifications followed by grading and scoring. Moreover, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were used to study the expression of GalNAc-T3 in vivo. Results The low expression of GalNAc-T3 was found in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in 56 of 108 patients (51.9%) and was associated with IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of high risk groups (P=0.007), high Sica score (P=0.036), poorly differentiated tumor (P=0.023), poor tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage (P=0.007), pleural invasion (P=0.007), and vascular invasion (P<0.001) by Pearson’s chi-squared test, but not with sex, age, smoking status, concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen, and lymph node metastasis. In logistic regression analysis, low GalNAc-T3 expression was only correlated with high-ranking TNM stage (odds ratio [OR] =8.975, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.797–44.661), vascular invasion (OR =5.668, 95% CI: 1.827–17.578), and the higher risk grade (low risk grade: OR =0.141, 95% CI: 0.027–0.719; moderate risk grade: OR =0.122, 95% CI: 0.017–40.871). The low expression of the GalNAc-T3 usually in adenocarcinoma cell lines was compared with normal bronchial epithelium cell line. Based on the univariate and multivariate analysis, poor TNM stage (P<0.001), pleural invasion (hazard ratio [HR]: 7.958, P=0.021), vascular invasion (HR: 2.403, P=0.040), and low GalNAc-T3 expression (HR: 3.317, P=0.016) were shown to be independently associated with an unfavorable prognosis. However, IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of risk groups and Sica score (P=0.034 and P=0.032, respectively) was correlated with overall survival on Kaplan–Meier method but not Cox regression model. Conclusion GalNAc-T3 expression was correlated with the IASLC/ATS/ERS classification and also associated with prognosis of patients with completely resected small (≤2 cm) peripheral lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilei Zhao
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Hidetaka Uramoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hongwei Guan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chundong Gu
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Dalian, People's Republic of China
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11
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Taus C, Windwarder M, Altmann F, Grabherr R, Staudacher E. UDP-N-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata - substrate specificity and preference of glycosylation sites. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:661-70. [PMID: 25338825 PMCID: PMC4245494 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9565-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is a widely occurring posttranslational modification of proteins. The glycosylation status of a specific site may influence the location, activity and function of a protein. The initiating enzyme of mucin-type O-glycosylation is UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide GalNAc transferase (ppGalNAcT; EC 2.4.1.41). Using electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry, ppGalNAcT from the snail Biomphalaria glabrata was characterized regarding its ability to glycosylate threonine and serine residues in different peptide sequence environments. The preferences of the snail enzyme for flanking amino acids of the potential glycosylation site were very similar to vertebrate and insect members of the family. Acceptor sites with adjacent proline residues were highly preferred, while other residues caused less pronounced effects. No specific O-glycosylation consensus sequence was found. The results obtained from synthetic peptides were in good correlation with the observed glycosylation patterns of native peptides and with the order of attachment in a multi-glycosylated peptide. The snail enzyme clearly preferred threonine over serine in the in vitro assays. No significant differences of transfer speed or efficiency could be detected using a mutant of the enzyme lacking the lectin domain. This is the first characterisation of the substrate specificity of a member of the ppGalNAcT family from mollusc origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Taus
- Department of Chemistry, Glycobiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
- Present Address: Institute of Urology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Windwarder
- Department of Chemistry, Glycobiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Friedrich Altmann
- Department of Chemistry, Glycobiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reingard Grabherr
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Erika Staudacher
- Department of Chemistry, Glycobiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria
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12
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Song L, 宋 丽, Bachert C, Schjoldager KT, Clausen H, Linstedt AD. Development of isoform-specific sensors of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase activity. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:30556-30566. [PMID: 25225288 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.599563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans express up to 20 isoforms of GalNAc-transferase (herein T1-T20) that localize to the Golgi apparatus and initiate O-glycosylation. Regulation of this enzyme family affects a vast array of proteins transiting the secretory pathway and diseases arise upon misregulation of specific isoforms. Surprisingly, molecular probes to monitor GalNAc-transferase activity are lacking and there exist no effective global or isoform-specific inhibitors. Here we describe the development of T2- and T3-isoform specific fluorescence sensors that traffic in the secretory pathway. Each sensor yielded little signal when glycosylated but was strongly activated in the absence of its glycosylation. Specificity of each sensor was assessed in HEK cells with either the T2 or T3 enzymes deleted. Although the sensors are based on specific substrates of the T2 and T3 enzymes, elements in or near the enzyme recognition sequence influenced their activity and required modification, which we carried out based on previous in vitro work. Significantly, the modified T2 and T3 sensors were activated only in cells lacking their corresponding isozymes. Thus, we have developed T2- and T3-specific sensors that will be valuable in both the study of GalNAc-transferase regulation and in high-throughput screening for potential therapeutic regulators of specific GalNAc-transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Song
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and
| | - 丽娜 宋
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and
| | - Collin Bachert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and
| | - Katrine T Schjoldager
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and School of Dentistry, Copenhagen Center for Glycomics, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Adam D Linstedt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 and.
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13
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Recent developments and applications of electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry in proteomics. Amino Acids 2014; 46:1625-34. [PMID: 24687149 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-014-1726-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Electron transfer dissociation (ETD) has been developed recently as an efficient ion fragmentation technique in mass spectrometry (MS), being presently considered a step forward in proteomics with real perspectives for improvement, upgrade and application. Available also on affordable ion trap mass spectrometers, ETD induces specific N-Cα bond cleavages of the peptide backbone with the preservation of the post-translational modifications and generation of product ions that are diagnostic for the modification site(s). In addition, in the last few years ETD contributed significantly to the development of top-down approaches which enable tandem MS of intact protein ions. The present review, covering the last 5 years highlights concisely the major achievements and the current applications of ETD fragmentation technique in proteomics. An ample part of the review is dedicated to ETD contribution in the elucidation of the most common posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. Further, a brief section is devoted to top-down by ETD method applied to intact proteins. As the last few years have witnessed a major expansion of the microfluidics systems, a few considerations on ETD in combination with chip-based nanoelectrospray (nanoESI) as a platform for high throughput top-down proteomics are also presented.
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14
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Mochizuki Y, Ito KI, Izumi H, Kohno K, Amano J. Expression of polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 and its association with clinicopathological factors in thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid 2013; 23:1553-60. [PMID: 23659732 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl transferase-3 (GalNAc-T3) has been reportedly expressed in several human adenocarcinomas and is associated with clinicopathological features of tumors. We investigated the clinicopathological significance of GalNAc-T3 in thyroid cancer. METHODS We evaluated the expression of GalNAc-T3 in 167 patients with thyroid cancer using a specific antibody and analyzed the association between its expression and clinicopathological features. RESULTS GalNAc-T3 was expressed in 85.8% of normal follicular epithelial cells. In papillary carcinomas, positive staining was observed in 101 (73.7%) cases. Well-differentiated components (papillary and follicular) of papillary carcinomas were significantly more frequently positive than poorly differentiated components (trabecular and solid) (p<0.01), and GalNAc-T3 was highly expressed in papillary carcinomas that had invaded beyond the thyroid capsule (p=0.026). GalNAc-T3 was expressed in 40% and 20% of well and poorly differentiated components of follicular carcinomas, respectively. Thirteen of 15 anaplastic carcinomas were negative for GalNAc-T3 and thyroglobulin. Positive staining for GalNAc-T3 was not observed in any of the medullary carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that GalNAc-T3 expression may be a useful indicator of tumor differentiation in thyroid carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mochizuki
- 1 Division of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine , Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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15
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Gerken TA, Revoredo L, Thome JJC, Tabak LA, Vester-Christensen MB, Clausen H, Gahlay GK, Jarvis DL, Johnson RW, Moniz HA, Moremen K. The lectin domain of the polypeptide GalNAc transferase family of glycosyltransferases (ppGalNAc Ts) acts as a switch directing glycopeptide substrate glycosylation in an N- or C-terminal direction, further controlling mucin type O-glycosylation. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:19900-14. [PMID: 23689369 PMCID: PMC3707691 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.477877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucin type O-glycosylation is initiated by a large family of polypeptide GalNAc transferases (ppGalNAc Ts) that add α-GalNAc to the Ser and Thr residues of peptides. Of the 20 human isoforms, all but one are composed of two globular domains linked by a short flexible linker: a catalytic domain and a ricin-like lectin carbohydrate binding domain. Presently, the roles of the catalytic and lectin domains in peptide and glycopeptide recognition and specificity remain unclear. To systematically study the role of the lectin domain in ppGalNAc T glycopeptide substrate utilization, we have developed a series of novel random glycopeptide substrates containing a single GalNAc-O-Thr residue placed near either the N or C terminus of the glycopeptide substrate. Our results reveal that the presence and N- or C-terminal placement of the GalNAc-O-Thr can be important determinants of overall catalytic activity and specificity that differ between transferase isoforms. For example, ppGalNAc T1, T2, and T14 prefer C-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr, whereas ppGalNAc T3 and T6 prefer N-terminally placed GalNAc-O-Thr. Several transferase isoforms, ppGalNAc T5, T13, and T16, display equally enhanced N- or C-terminal activities relative to the nonglycosylated control peptides. This N- and/or C-terminal selectivity is presumably due to weak glycopeptide binding to the lectin domain, whose orientation relative to the catalytic domain is dynamic and isoform-dependent. Such N- or C-terminal glycopeptide selectivity provides an additional level of control or fidelity for the O-glycosylation of biologically significant sites and suggests that O-glycosylation may in some instances be exquisitely controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Gerken
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (W. A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research)
- Biochemistry, and
- Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Leslie Revoredo
- Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Joseph J. C. Thome
- From the Departments of Pediatrics (W. A. Bernbaum Center for Cystic Fibrosis Research)
| | - Lawrence A. Tabak
- the Section on Biological Chemistry, NIDCR, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Malene Bech Vester-Christensen
- the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Henrik Clausen
- the Copenhagen Center for Glycomics (CCG), Departments of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Gagandeep K. Gahlay
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and
| | - Donald L. Jarvis
- the Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, and
| | - Roy W. Johnson
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Heather A. Moniz
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Kelley Moremen
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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Bojarová P, Rosencrantz RR, Elling L, Křen V. Enzymatic glycosylation of multivalent scaffolds. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4774-97. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35395d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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