1
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Koff M, Monagas-Valentin P, Novikov B, Chandel I, Panin V. Protein O-mannosylation: one sugar, several pathways, many functions. Glycobiology 2023; 33:911-926. [PMID: 37565810 PMCID: PMC10859634 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwad067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has unveiled numerous important functions of protein glycosylation in development, homeostasis, and diseases. A type of glycosylation taking the center stage is protein O-mannosylation, a posttranslational modification conserved in a wide range of organisms, from yeast to humans. In animals, protein O-mannosylation plays a crucial role in the nervous system, whereas protein O-mannosylation defects cause severe neurological abnormalities and congenital muscular dystrophies. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying protein O-mannosylation functions and biosynthesis remain not well understood. This review outlines recent studies on protein O-mannosylation while focusing on the functions in the nervous system, summarizes the current knowledge about protein O-mannosylation biosynthesis, and discusses the pathologies associated with protein O-mannosylation defects. The evolutionary perspective revealed by studies in the Drosophila model system are also highlighted. Finally, the review touches upon important knowledge gaps in the field and discusses critical questions for future research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms associated with protein O-mannosylation functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Koff
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Pedro Monagas-Valentin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Boris Novikov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Ishita Chandel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Vladislav Panin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, College Station, TX 77843, United States
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2
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Nagai K, Muto Y, Miura S, Takahashi K, Naruse Y, Hiruta R, Hashimoto Y, Uzuki M, Haga Y, Fujii R, Ueda K, Kawaguchi Y, Fujii M, Kitazume S. Brain-specific glycosylation enzyme GnT-IX maintains levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRZ, thereby mediating glioma growth. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105128. [PMID: 37543361 PMCID: PMC10480537 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary tumor of the central nervous system. Despite advances in imaging technologies, neurosurgical techniques, and radiotherapy, a cure for high-grade glioma remains elusive. Several groups have reported that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is highly expressed in glioblastoma, and that targeting PTPRZ attenuates tumor growth in mice. PTPRZ is modified with diverse glycan, including the PTPRZ-unique human natural killer-1 capped O-mannosyl core M2 glycans. However, the regulation and function of these unique glycans are unclear. Using CRISPR genome-editing technology, we first demonstrated that disruption of the PTPRZ gene in human glioma LN-229 cells resulted in profoundly reduced tumor growth in xenografted mice, confirming the potential of PTPRZ as a therapeutic target for glioma. Furthermore, multiple glycan analyses revealed that PTPRZ derived from glioma patients and from xenografted glioma expressed abundant levels of human natural killer-1-capped O-Man glycans via extrinsic signals. Finally, since deficiency of O-Man core M2 branching enzyme N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase IX (GnT-IX) was reported to reduce PTPRZ protein levels, we disrupted the GnT-IX gene in LN-229 cells and found a significant reduction of glioma growth both in vitro and in the xenograft model. These results suggest that the PTPR glycosylation enzyme GnT-IX may represent a promising therapeutic target for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Nagai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yui Muto
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Saori Miura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kazuto Takahashi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yu Naruse
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Ryo Hiruta
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yuko Hashimoto
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Miwa Uzuki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Yoshimi Haga
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Fujii
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Ueda
- Cancer Proteomics Group, Cancer Precision Medicine Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Research Center for Asian Infectious Diseases, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masazumi Fujii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Shinobu Kitazume
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan.
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3
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Saito T, Yagi H, Kuo CW, Khoo KH, Kato K. An embeddable molecular code for Lewis X modification through interaction with fucosyltransferase 9. Commun Biol 2022; 5:676. [PMID: 35831428 PMCID: PMC9279290 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03616-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
N-glycans are diversified by a panel of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi, which are supposed to modify various glycoproteins in promiscuous manners, resulting in unpredictable glycosylation profiles in general. In contrast, our previous study showed that fucosyltransferase 9 (FUT9) generates Lewis X glycotopes primarily on lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP-1) in neural stem cells. Here, we demonstrate that a contiguous 29-amino acid sequence in the N-terminal domain of LAMP-1 is responsible for promotion of the FUT9-catalyzed Lewis X modification. Interestingly, Lewis X modification was induced on erythropoietin as a model glycoprotein both in vitro and in cells, just by attaching this sequence to its C-terminus. Based on these results, we conclude that the amino acid sequence from LAMP-1 functions as a “Lewis X code”, which is deciphered by FUT9, and can be embedded into other glycoproteins to evoke a Lewis X modification, opening up new possibilities for protein engineering and cell engineering. A 29-amino acid sequence in the N-terminal domain of LAMP-1 promotes its Lewis X glycosylation and is embeddable to other proteins for Lewis X glycoengineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Saito
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Yagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan.,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan
| | - Chu-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Nankang, Taipei, 115, Taiwan
| | - Koichi Kato
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, 467-8603, Japan. .,Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan. .,Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 5-1 Higashiyama, Myodaiji-cho, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan.
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4
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Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type Z in Central Nervous System Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084414. [PMID: 35457233 PMCID: PMC9024684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are among the most common tumors of the central nervous system and include highly malignant subtypes, such as glioblastoma, which are associated with poor prognosis. Effective treatments are therefore urgently needed. Despite the recent advances in neuroimaging technologies, differentiating gliomas from other brain diseases such as multiple sclerosis remains challenging in some patients, and often requires invasive brain biopsy. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (PTPRZ) is a heavily glycosylated membrane protein that is highly expressed in the central nervous system. Several reports analyzing mouse tumor models suggest that PTPRZ may have potential as a therapeutic target for gliomas. A soluble cleaved form of PTPRZ (sPTPRZ) in the cerebrospinal fluid is markedly upregulated in glioma patients, making it another promising diagnostic biomarker. Intriguingly, PTPRZ is also involved in the process of remyelination in multiple sclerosis. Indeed, lowered PTPRZ glycosylation by deletion of the glycosyltransferase gene leads to reduced astrogliosis and enhanced remyelination in mouse models of demyelination. Here, we review the expression, molecular structure, and biological roles of PTPRZ. We also discuss glioma and demyelinating diseases, as well as the pathological role of PTPRZ and its application as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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5
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Williams SE, Noel M, Lehoux S, Cetinbas M, Xavier RJ, Sadreyev RI, Scolnick EM, Smoller JW, Cummings RD, Mealer RG. Mammalian brain glycoproteins exhibit diminished glycan complexity compared to other tissues. Nat Commun 2022; 13:275. [PMID: 35022400 PMCID: PMC8755730 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27781-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is essential to brain development and function, but prior studies have often been limited to a single analytical technique and excluded region- and sex-specific analyses. Here, using several methodologies, we analyze Asn-linked and Ser/Thr/Tyr-linked protein glycosylation between brain regions and sexes in mice. Brain N-glycans are less complex in sequence and variety compared to other tissues, consisting predominantly of high-mannose and fucosylated/bisected structures. Most brain O-glycans are unbranched, sialylated O-GalNAc and O-mannose structures. A consistent pattern is observed between regions, and sex differences are minimal compared to those in plasma. Brain glycans correlate with RNA expression of their synthetic enzymes, and analysis of glycosylation genes in humans show a global downregulation in the brain compared to other tissues. We hypothesize that this restricted repertoire of protein glycans arises from their tight regulation in the brain. These results provide a roadmap for future studies of glycosylation in neurodevelopment and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Williams
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maxence Noel
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sylvain Lehoux
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Murat Cetinbas
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ruslan I Sadreyev
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward M Scolnick
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jordan W Smoller
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard D Cummings
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert G Mealer
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- The Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research at Broad Institute of Harvard/MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Center for Precision Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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6
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Selective
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C‐Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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7
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Moure MJ, Gimeno A, Delgado S, Diercks T, Boons G, Jiménez‐Barbero J, Ardá A. Selective 13 C-Labels on Repeating Glycan Oligomers to Reveal Protein Binding Epitopes through NMR: Polylactosamine Binding to Galectins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:18777-18782. [PMID: 34128568 PMCID: PMC8456918 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A combined chemo-enzymatic synthesis/NMR-based methodology is presented to identify, in unambiguous manner, the distinctive binding epitope within repeating sugar oligomers when binding to protein receptors. The concept is based on the incorporation of 13 C-labels at specific monosaccharide units, selected within a repeating glycan oligomeric structure. No new chemical tags are added, and thus the chemical entity remains the same, while the presence of the 13 C-labeled monosaccharide breaks the NMR chemical shift degeneracy that occurs in the non-labeled compound and allows the unique identification of the different components of the oligomer. The approach is demonstrated by a proof-of-concept study dealing with the interaction of a polylactosamine hexasaccharide with five different galectins that display distinct preferences for these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J. Moure
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Ana Gimeno
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Sandra Delgado
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Tammo Diercks
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
| | - Geert‐Jan Boons
- Chemical Biology and Drug DiscoveryUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Complex Carbohydrate Research CenterUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Jesús Jiménez‐Barbero
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
- Department of Organic & Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of the Basque CountryUPV/EHUSpain
| | - Ana Ardá
- Chemical Glycobiology labCIC bioGUNEBasque Research & Technology Alliance (BRTA)Bizkaia Technology Park, Building 80048160DerioSpain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for SciencePlaza Euskadi 548009BilbaoSpain
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8
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Wilkinson H, Thomsson KA, Rebelo AL, Hilliard M, Pandit A, Rudd PM, Karlsson NG, Saldova R. The O-Glycome of Human Nigrostriatal Tissue and Its Alteration in Parkinson's Disease. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:3913-3924. [PMID: 34191522 PMCID: PMC8353623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.1c00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation changes in misfolded proteins are of particular interest in understanding neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and incidental Lewy body disease (ILBD). This work outlines optimizations of a microwave-assisted nonreductive release to limit glycan degradation and employs this methodology to analyze O-glycosylation on the human striatum and substantia nigra tissue in PD, ILBD, and healthy controls, working alongside well-established reductive release approaches. A total of 70 O-glycans were identified, with ILBD presenting significantly decreased levels of mannose-core (p = 0.017) and glucuronylated structures (p = 0.039) in the striatum and PD presenting an increase in sialylation (p < 0.001) and a decrease in sulfation (p = 0.001). Significant increases in sialylation (p = 0.038) in PD were also observed in the substantia nigra. This is the first study to profile the whole nigrostriatal O-glycome in healthy, PD, and ILBD tissues, outlining disease biomarkers alongside benefits of employing orthogonal techniques for O-glycan analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden Wilkinson
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- UCD
School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D07 A8NN, Ireland
| | - Kristina A. Thomsson
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
| | - Ana L. Rebelo
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mark Hilliard
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Abhay Pandit
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Pauline M. Rudd
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Niclas G. Karlsson
- Department
of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine,
Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 405 30, Sweden
- Department
of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo 0167, Norway
| | - Radka Saldova
- NIBRT
GlycoScience Group, National Institute for
Bioprocessing, Research and Training, Blackrock, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
- CÚRAM,
SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Galway H91 W2TY, Ireland
- UCD
School of Medicine, College of Health and Agricultural Science, University College Dublin, Dublin D07 A8NN, Ireland
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9
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Sytnyk V, Leshchyns'ka I, Schachner M. Neural glycomics: the sweet side of nervous system functions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:93-116. [PMID: 32613283 PMCID: PMC11071817 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03578-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The success of investigations on the structure and function of the genome (genomics) has been paralleled by an equally awesome progress in the analysis of protein structure and function (proteomics). We propose that the investigation of carbohydrate structures that go beyond a cell's metabolism is a rapidly developing frontier in our expanding knowledge on the structure and function of carbohydrates (glycomics). No other functional system appears to be suited as well as the nervous system to study the functions of glycans, which had been originally characterized outside the nervous system. In this review, we describe the multiple studies on the functions of LewisX, the human natural killer cell antigen-1 (HNK-1), as well as oligomannosidic and sialic (neuraminic) acids. We attempt to show the sophistication of these structures in ontogenetic development, synaptic function and plasticity, and recovery from trauma, with a view on neurodegeneration and possibilities to ameliorate deterioration. In view of clinical applications, we emphasize the need for glycomimetic small organic compounds which surpass the usefulness of natural glycans in that they are metabolically more stable, more parsimonious to synthesize or isolate, and more advantageous for therapy, since many of them pass the blood brain barrier and are drug-approved for treatments other than those in the nervous system, thus allowing a more ready access for application in neurological diseases. We describe the isolation of such mimetic compounds using not only Western NIH, but also traditional Chinese medical libraries. With this review, we hope to deepen the interests in this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Sytnyk
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Iryna Leshchyns'ka
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, 515041, Guangdong, China
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
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10
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Imae R, Kuwabara N, Manya H, Kato R, Endo T. Biosynthetic Mechanisms of a Unique Ribitol Phosphate-containing Glycan by FKRP, a Ribitol Phosphate Transferase. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2008.1j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
| | - Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
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11
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Imae R, Kuwabara N, Manya H, Kato R, Endo T. Biosynthetic Mechanisms of a Unique Ribitol Phosphate-containing Glycan by FKRP, a Ribitol Phosphate Transferase. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2020. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.2008.1e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Imae
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
| | - Naoyuki Kuwabara
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
| | - Ryuichi Kato
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology
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12
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Osimanjiang W, Roballo KCS, Houck BD, Ito M, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Haslam SM, Bushman JS. Analysis of N- and O-Linked Glycosylation: Differential Glycosylation after Rat Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1954-1962. [PMID: 32316850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental cellular process that has a dramatic impact on the functionality of glycoconjugates such as proteins or lipids and mediates many different biological interactions including cell migration, cellular signaling, and synaptic interactions in the nervous system. In spinal cord injury (SCI), all of these cellular processes are altered, but the potential contributions of glycosylation changes to these alterations has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the glycosylation of injured spinal cord tissue from rats that received a contusion SCI. The N- and O-linked glycosylation was assessed at 3 and 14 days post-injury (DPI), and compared with uninjured control and time-matched sham spinal tissue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) were performed to analyze carbohydrate structures. Results revealed diverse and abundant glycosylation in all groups, with some carbohydrate structures differentially produced in SCI animals compared with uninjured controls and shams. One such change occurred in the abundance of the Sda structure, Neu5Ac-α-(2,3)-[GalNAc-β-(1,4)-]Gal-β-(1,4)-GlcNAc, which was increased in SCI samples compared with shams and non-injured controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were performed on SCI and sham samples using the CT1 antibody, which recognizes the terminal trisaccharide of Sda with high specificity. Both of these metrics confirmed elevated Sda structure in SCI tissue, where IHC further showed that Sda is expressed mainly by microglia. The results of these studies suggest that SCI causes a significant alteration in N- and O-linked glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupu Osimanjiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Brenda D Houck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Mai Ito
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared S Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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Planas R, Santos R, Tomas-Ojer P, Cruciani C, Lutterotti A, Faigle W, Schaeren-Wiemers N, Espejo C, Eixarch H, Pinilla C, Martin R, Sospedra M. GDP-l-fucose synthase is a CD4 + T cell-specific autoantigen in DRB3*02:02 patients with multiple sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2019; 10:10/462/eaat4301. [PMID: 30305453 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat4301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is an immune-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that develops in genetically susceptible individuals and likely requires environmental triggers. The autoantigens and molecular mimics triggering the autoimmune response in multiple sclerosis remain incompletely understood. By using a brain-infiltrating CD4+ T cell clone that is clonally expanded in multiple sclerosis brain lesions and a systematic approach for the identification of its target antigens, positional scanning peptide libraries in combination with biometrical analysis, we have identified guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-l-fucose synthase as an autoantigen that is recognized by cerebrospinal fluid-infiltrating CD4+ T cells from HLA-DRB3*-positive patients. Significant associations were found between reactivity to GDP-l-fucose synthase peptides and DRB3*02:02 expression, along with reactivity against an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide. These results, coupled with the cross-recognition of homologous peptides from gut microbiota, suggest a possible role of this antigen as an inducer or driver of pathogenic autoimmune responses in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Planas
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Radleigh Santos
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Paula Tomas-Ojer
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Cruciani
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Lutterotti
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Faigle
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Schaeren-Wiemers
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Espejo
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Herena Eixarch
- Servei de Neurologia-Neuroimmunologia, Centre d'Esclerosi Múltiple de Catalunya, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clemencia Pinilla
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Roland Martin
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mireia Sospedra
- Neuroimmunology and MS Research (nims), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 26, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland.
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ENDO T. Mammalian O-mannosyl glycans: Biochemistry and glycopathology. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2019; 95:39-51. [PMID: 30643095 PMCID: PMC6395781 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.95.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation is an important posttranslational modification in mammals. The glycans of glycoproteins are classified into two groups, namely, N-glycans and O-glycans, according to their glycan-peptide linkage regions. Recently, O-mannosyl glycan, an O-glycan, has been shown to be important in muscle and brain development. A clear relationship between O-mannosyl glycans and the pathomechanisms of some congenital muscular dystrophies has been established in humans. Ribitol-5-phosphate is a newly identified glycan component in mammals, and its biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated. The discovery of new glycan structures and the identification of highly regulated mechanisms of glycan processing will help researchers to understand glycan functions and develop therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamao ENDO
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed: T. Endo, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakaecho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan (e-mail: )
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15
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Sheikh MO, Halmo SM, Wells L. Recent advancements in understanding mammalian O-mannosylation. Glycobiology 2017; 27:806-819. [PMID: 28810660 PMCID: PMC6082599 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The post-translational glycosylation of select proteins by O-linked mannose (O-mannose or O-man) is a conserved modification from yeast to humans and has been shown to be necessary for proper development and growth. The most well studied O-mannosylated mammalian protein is α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Hypoglycosylation of α-DG results in varying severities of congenital muscular dystrophies, cancer progression and metastasis, and inhibited entry and infection of certain arenaviruses. Defects in the gene products responsible for post-translational modification of α-DG, primarily glycosyltransferases, are the basis for these diseases. The multitude of clinical phenotypes resulting from defective O-mannosylation highlights the biomedical significance of this unique modification. Elucidation of the various O-mannose biosynthetic pathways is imperative to understanding a broad range of human diseases and for the development of novel therapeutics. In this review, we will focus on recent discoveries delineating the various enzymes, structures and functions associated with O-mannose-initiated glycoproteins. Additionally, we discuss current gaps in our knowledge of mammalian O-mannosylation, discuss the evolution of this pathway, and illustrate the utility and limitations of model systems to study functions of O-mannosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osman Sheikh
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Stephanie M Halmo
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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16
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Manya H, Endo T. Glycosylation with ribitol-phosphate in mammals: New insights into the O-mannosyl glycan. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:2462-2472. [PMID: 28711406 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND O-mannosyl glycans have been found in a limited number of glycoproteins of the brain, nerves, and skeletal muscles, particularly in α-dystroglycan (α-DG). Defects in O-mannosyl glycan on α-DG are the primary cause of a group of congenital muscular dystrophies, which are collectively termed α-dystroglycanopathy. Recent studies have revealed various O-mannosyl glycan structures, which can be classified as core M1, core M2, and core M3 glycans. Although many dystroglycanopathy genes are involved in core M3 processing, the structure and biosynthesis of core M3 glycan remains only partially understood. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review presents recent findings about the structure, biosynthesis, and pathology of O-mannosyl glycans. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Recent studies have revealed that the entire structure of core M3 glycan, including ribitol-5-phosphate, is a novel structure in mammals; its unique biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated by the identification of new causative genes for α-dystroglycanopathies and their functions. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE O-mannosyl glycan has a novel, unique structure that is important for the maintenance of brain and muscle functions. These findings have opened up a new field in glycoscience. These studies will further contribute to the understanding of the pathomechanism of α-dystroglycanopathy and the development of glycotherapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Neuro-glycoscience, edited by Kenji Kadomatsu and Hiroshi Kitagawa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan.
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17
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Corfield A. Eukaryotic protein glycosylation: a primer for histochemists and cell biologists. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 147:119-147. [PMID: 28012131 PMCID: PMC5306191 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proteins undergo co- and posttranslational modifications, and their glycosylation is the most frequent and structurally variegated type. Histochemically, the detection of glycan presence has first been performed by stains. The availability of carbohydrate-specific tools (lectins, monoclonal antibodies) has revolutionized glycophenotyping, allowing monitoring of distinct structures. The different types of protein glycosylation in Eukaryotes are described. Following this educational survey, examples where known biological function is related to the glycan structures carried by proteins are given. In particular, mucins and their glycosylation patterns are considered as instructive proof-of-principle case. The tissue and cellular location of glycoprotein biosynthesis and metabolism is reviewed, with attention to new findings in goblet cells. Finally, protein glycosylation in disease is documented, with selected examples, where aberrant glycan expression impacts on normal function to let disease pathology become manifest. The histological applications adopted in these studies are emphasized throughout the text.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Corfield
- Mucin Research Group, School of Clinical Sciences, Bristol Royal Infirmary, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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18
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Safina D, Schlitt F, Romeo R, Pflanzner T, Pietrzik CU, Narayanaswami V, Edenhofer F, Faissner A. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is a novel modulator of radial glia stem cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation. Glia 2016; 64:1363-80. [PMID: 27258849 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The LDL family of receptors and its member low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) have classically been associated with a modulation of lipoprotein metabolism. Current studies, however, indicate diverse functions for this receptor in various aspects of cellular activities, including cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and survival. LRP1 is essential for normal neuronal function in the adult CNS, whereas the role of LRP1 in development remained unclear. Previously, we have observed an upregulation of LewisX (LeX) glycosylated LRP1 in the stem cells of the developing cortex and demonstrated its importance for oligodendrocyte differentiation. In the current study, we show that LeX-glycosylated LRP1 is also expressed in the stem cell compartment of the developing spinal cord and has broader functions in the developing CNS. We have investigated the basic properties of LRP1 conditional knockout on the neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs) from the cortex and the spinal cord, created by means of Cre-loxp-mediated recombination in vitro. The functional status of LRP1-deficient cells has been studied using proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis assays. LRP1 deficient NSPCs from both CNS regions demonstrated altered differentiation profiles. Their differentiation capacity toward oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), mature oligodendrocytes and neurons was reduced. In contrast, astrocyte differentiation was promoted. Moreover, LRP1 deletion had a negative effect on NSPCs proliferation and survival. Our observations suggest that LRP1 facilitates NSPCs differentiation via interaction with apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Upon ApoE4 stimulation wild type NSPCs generated more oligodendrocytes, but LRP1 knockout cells showed no response. The effect of ApoE seems to be independent of cholesterol uptake, but is rather mediated by downstream MAPK and Akt activation. GLIA 2016 GLIA 2016;64:1363-1380.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Safina
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany.,International Graduate School of Neuroscience, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Frederik Schlitt
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Ramona Romeo
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
| | - Thorsten Pflanzner
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Claus U Pietrzik
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, D-55099, Germany
| | - Vasanthy Narayanaswami
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Long Beach, Long Beach, California, 90840
| | - Frank Edenhofer
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Wuerzburg, Koellikerstraße 6, Wuerzburg, D-97070, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-University, Bochum, D-44780, Germany
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Fujimoto H, Ohgomori T, Abe K, Uchimura K, Kadomatsu K, Jinno S. Time-dependent localization of high- and low-sulfated keratan sulfates in the song nuclei of developing zebra finches. Eur J Neurosci 2015; 42:2716-25. [PMID: 26369722 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) consist of a protein core with covalently attached glycosaminoglycan side chain. Although CSPGs are known to regulate the end of the critical period, the role of KSPGs in brain development remains unclear. Young male zebra finches memorise song templates during development. The brain regions that are responsible for song learning, known as song nuclei, are recognized as a suitable model for the study of brain development. To understand the potential role of KSPGs, here we examined the localization of KSs with different degrees of sulfation in the brain of developing male zebra finches. Exclusively in the song nuclei, an increase in expression of 5-D-4-positive (5-D-4(+)) high-sulfated KS started after hatching, and reached a plateau at the end of the sensory period, during which the young bird listens to and memorises the song of an adult tutor. By contrast, weak and ubiquitous expression of BCD-4(+) low-sulfated KS remained unchanged until the end of the sensory period, and first increased in the song nuclei at the end of the sensorimotor period, during which the young bird produces plastic songs. Immunoblot analysis showed that phosphacan was a common core protein of 5-D-4(+) KS and BCD-4(+) KS. Finally, we confirmed that the sulfotransferase responsible for the synthesis of high-sulfated KS was exclusively localised in the song nuclei. Our observations suggest that time-dependent localization of KSPGs with different sulfation patterns in the song nuclei may underlie song learning in developing male zebra finches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Fujimoto
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Ohgomori
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kentaro Abe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Uchimura
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kenji Kadomatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shozo Jinno
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan
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20
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Dwyer CA, Katoh T, Tiemeyer M, Matthews RT. Neurons and glia modify receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan with cell-specific O-mannosyl glycans in the developing brain. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10256-73. [PMID: 25737452 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.614099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein O-mannosylation is a glycan modification that is required for normal nervous system development and function. Mutations in genes involved in protein O-mannosyl glycosylation give rise to a group of neurodevelopmental disorders known as congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) with associated CNS abnormalities. Our previous work demonstrated that receptor protein-tyrosine phosphatase ζ (RPTPζ)/phosphacan is hypoglycosylated in a mouse model of one of these CMDs, known as muscle-eye-brain disease, a disorder that is caused by loss of an enzyme (protein O-mannose β-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1) that modifies O-mannosyl glycans. In addition, monoclonal antibodies Cat-315 and 3F8 were demonstrated to detect O-mannosyl glycan modifications on RPTPζ/phosphacan. Here, we show that O-mannosyl glycan epitopes recognized by these antibodies define biochemically distinct glycoforms of RPTPζ/phosphacan and that these glycoforms differentially decorate the surface of distinct populations of neural cells. To provide a further structural basis for immunochemically based glycoform differences, we characterized the O-linked glycan heterogeneity of RPTPζ/phosphacan in the early postnatal mouse brain by multidimensional mass spectrometry. Structural characterization of the O-linked glycans released from purified RPTPζ/phosphacan demonstrated that this protein is a significant substrate for protein O-mannosylation and led to the identification of several novel O-mannose-linked glycan structures, including sulfo-N-acetyllactosamine containing modifications. Taken together, our results suggest that specific glycan modifications may tailor the function of this protein to the unique needs of specific cells. Furthermore, their absence in CMDs suggests that hypoglycosylation of RPTPζ/phosphacan may have different functional consequences in neurons and glia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrissa A Dwyer
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210 and
| | - Toshihiko Katoh
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Michael Tiemeyer
- the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Russell T Matthews
- From the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York 13210 and
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