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Chiorean AD, Nicula GZ, Bâlici Ș, Vică ML, Iancu Loga LI, Dican L, Matei HV. HLA Class II Allele Groups Involved in Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Basedow-Graves Disease. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:441. [PMID: 38672712 PMCID: PMC11050925 DOI: 10.3390/life14040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), particularly Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and Basedow-Graves disease (BGD) are diseases of global public health concern, characterized by autoimmune attacks on the thyroid gland, leading to hypothyroidism in HT and hyperthyroidism in BGD. We conducted a study between 2019 and 2021 in northwestern Transylvania (Romania) on patients with HT and with BGD compared to the control group. The aim of the study was to investigate the correlations of HLA class II alleles with AITD by identifying potential genetic susceptibility factors such as HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQB1 genes in patients diagnosed with HT and BGD. Various molecular biology methods, including SSP-PCR low-resolution and PCR-SSO were employed to analyze DNA samples from patients and control subjects. Our study revealed the influence of the HLA-DRB1*03/*16 genotype as a genetic susceptibility factor for HT, a similar influence regarding BGD being observed for the HLA-DRB1*03 allele group, DRB1*03/*16 genotype, and the DRB1*03/DQB1*06 haplotype. The only protective factor detected in our study was the HLA-DRB1*13 allele group, for both HT and BGD. By elucidating any specific allele or genotype associations that might contribute to the development of AITD, our study can contribute to the prevention and early detection of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin-Dan Chiorean
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (G.Z.N.); (Ș.B.); (H.V.M.)
- Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Gheorghe Zsolt Nicula
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (G.Z.N.); (Ș.B.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Ștefana Bâlici
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (G.Z.N.); (Ș.B.); (H.V.M.)
| | - Mihaela Laura Vică
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (G.Z.N.); (Ș.B.); (H.V.M.)
- Legal Medicine Institute Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Luminita-Ioana Iancu Loga
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-I.I.L.); (L.D.)
| | - Lucia Dican
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.-I.I.L.); (L.D.)
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu-Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Horea Vladi Matei
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (A.-D.C.); (G.Z.N.); (Ș.B.); (H.V.M.)
- Legal Medicine Institute Cluj-Napoca, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Stasiak M, Stasiak B, Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Lewiński A. Significance of HLA in Graves' disease and Graves' orbitopathy in Asian and Caucasian populations - a systematic review. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1256922. [PMID: 37841270 PMCID: PMC10568027 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1256922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Graves' disease (GD) and Graves' orbitopathy (GO) development were suspected to be HLA-related in both Asian and Caucasian populations. However, most studies were performed with application of serological methods or low resolution genetic typing, which led to inconsistent results even among the same population. The present review is intended to summarize the state-of-art knowledge on the HLA significance in GD and GO in Asians and Caucasians, as well as to find the most significant alleles for each of the populations. Methods PubMed was searched for relevant articles using the following search terms: HLA plus thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy or Graves' disease or Graves' orbitopathy or thyroid eye disease or thyroid-associated orbitopathy. Results In Asian population GD was found to be associated mostly with B*46:01, DPB1*05:01, DRB1*08:02/03, DRB1*16:02, DRB1*14:03, DRB1*04:05, DQB1*05:02 and DQB1*03:03, while DRB1*07:01, DRB1*01:01, DRB1*13:02, DRB1*12:02 are potentially protective. HLA-B*38:02, DRB1*16:02, DQA1*01:02, DQB1*05:02 can be considered associated with increased risk of GO in Asians, while HLA-B*54:01 may play protective role. In Caucasians, C*07:01, DQA1*05:01, DRB1*03, DQB1*02:01 are associated with GD risk while DRB1*07:01, DQA1*02:01 may be protective. Significance of HLA in the course of GD and novel aspects of HLA amino acid variants and potential HLA-based treatment modalities were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stasiak
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- Institute of Information Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Lewiński
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital—Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Velastegui E, Vera E, Vanden Berghe W, Muñoz MS, Orellana-Manzano A. "HLA-C: evolution, epigenetics, and pathological implications in the major histocompatibility complex". Front Genet 2023; 14:1206034. [PMID: 37465164 PMCID: PMC10350511 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1206034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
HLA-C, a gene located within the major histocompatibility complex, has emerged as a prominent target in biomedical research due to its involvement in various diseases, including cancer and autoimmune disorders; even though its recent addition to the MHC, the interaction between HLA-C and KIR is crucial for immune responses, particularly in viral infections. This review provides an overview of the structure, origin, function, and pathological implications of HLA-C in the major histocompatibility complex. In the last decade, we systematically reviewed original publications from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Our findings reveal that genetic variations in HLA-C can determine susceptibility or resistance to certain diseases. However, the first four exons of HLA-C are particularly susceptible to epigenetic modifications, which can lead to gene silencing and alterations in immune function. These alterations can manifest in diseases such as alopecia areata and psoriasis and can also impact susceptibility to cancer and the effectiveness of cancer treatments. By comprehending the intricate interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors that regulate HLA-C expression, researchers may develop novel strategies for preventing and treating diseases associated with HLA-C dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Velastegui
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Edwin Vera
- Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Departamento de Ciencias de los Alimentos y Biotecnología, Facultad de Ingeniería Química y Agroindustria, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Epigenetic Signaling Lab, Faculty Biomedical Sciences, PPES, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mindy S. Muñoz
- Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea Orellana-Manzano
- Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, Laboratorio para investigaciones biomédicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida (FCV), Guayaquil, Ecuador
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Stasiak M, Zawadzka-Starczewska K, Tymoniuk B, Stasiak B, Lewiński A. Significance of HLA in the development of Graves' orbitopathy. Genes Immun 2023; 24:32-38. [PMID: 36639701 PMCID: PMC9935388 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-023-00193-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD), similarly to most autoimmune disease, is triggered by environmental factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Particular HLA alleles increase or decrease GD risk. No such correlation was demonstrated for Graves' orbitopathy (GO) in Caucasian population. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQB1 and -DRB1 genotyping was performed using a high-resolution method in a total number of 2378 persons including 70 patients with GO, 91 patients with non-GO GD and 2217 healthy controls to compare allele frequencies between GO, non-GO and controls. Significant associations between GO and HLA profile were demonstrated, with HLA-A*01:01, -A*32:01, -B*37:01, -B*39:01, -B*42:01, -C*08:02, C*03:02, DRB1*03:01, DRB1*14:01 and DQB1*02:01 being genetic markers of increased risk of GO, and HLA-C*04:01, -C*03:04, -C*07:02 and -DRB1*15:02 being protective alleles. Moreover, correlations between HLA alleles and increased or decreased risk of non-GO GD, but with no impact on risk of GO development, were revealed. Identification of these groups of GO-related and GO-protective alleles, as well as the alleles strongly related to non-GO GD, constitutes an important step in a development of personalized medicine, with individual risk assessment and patient-tailored treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Stasiak
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska
- grid.415071.60000 0004 0575 4012Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogusław Tymoniuk
- grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Medical University of Lodz, Department of Immunology, Rheumatology and Allergy, Lodz, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Stasiak
- grid.412284.90000 0004 0620 0652Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Information Technology, Lodz, Poland
| | - Andrzej Lewiński
- grid.415071.60000 0004 0575 4012Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital - Research Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Lodz, Poland ,grid.8267.b0000 0001 2165 3025Medical University of Lodz, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Lodz, Poland
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Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Umana GE, Tomasi SO, Lu B, Montemurro N. Narcolepsy-A Neuropathological Obscure Sleep Disorder: A Narrative Review of Current Literature. Brain Sci 2022; 12:1473. [PMID: 36358399 PMCID: PMC9688775 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12111473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a chronic, long-term neurological disorder characterized by a decreased ability to regulate sleep-wake cycles. Some clinical symptoms enter into differential diagnosis with other neurological diseases. Excessive daytime sleepiness and brief involuntary sleep episodes are the main clinical symptoms. The majority of people with narcolepsy experience cataplexy, which is a loss of muscle tone. Many people experience neurological complications such as sleep cycle disruption, hallucinations or sleep paralysis. Because of the associated neurological conditions, the exact pathophysiology of narcolepsy is unknown. The differential diagnosis is essential because relatively clinical symptoms of narcolepsy are easy to diagnose when all symptoms are present, but it becomes much more complicated when sleep attacks are isolated and cataplexy is episodic or absent. Treatment is tailored to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis. To facilitate the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders and to better understand the neuropathological mechanisms of this sleep disorder, this review summarizes current knowledge on narcolepsy, in particular, genetic and non-genetic associations of narcolepsy, the pathophysiology up to the inflammatory response, the neuromorphological hallmarks of narcolepsy, and possible links with other diseases, such as diabetes, ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review also reports all of the most recent updated research and therapeutic advances in narcolepsy. There have been significant advances in highlighting the pathogenesis of narcolepsy, with substantial evidence for an autoimmune response against hypocretin neurons; however, there are some gaps that need to be filled. To treat narcolepsy, more research should be focused on identifying molecular targets and novel autoantigens. In addition to therapeutic advances, standardized criteria for narcolepsy and diagnostic measures are widely accepted, but they may be reviewed and updated in the future with comprehension. Tailored treatment to the patient's symptoms and clinical diagnosis and future treatment modalities with hypocretin agonists, GABA agonists, histamine receptor antagonists and immunomodulatory drugs should be aimed at addressing the underlying cause of narcolepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Chavda
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgunj 44300, Nepal
| | - Giuseppe E. Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Associate Fellow of American College of Surgeons, Trauma and Gamma-Knife Centre, Cannizzaro Hospital Catania, 95100 Catania, Italy
| | | | - Bingwei Lu
- Department of Pathology, Stanford of School of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Centre, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Actual Associations between HLA Haplotype and Graves' Disease Development. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11092492. [PMID: 35566618 PMCID: PMC9099647 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11092492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between HLA and the risk of Graves’ disease (GD) has been analyzed for many years. However, the results were often inconsistent and mostly regarded Asian populations. The purpose of our study was to perform HLA genotyping using a next-generation sequencing (NGS) method in Caucasians, to find out which alleles are eventually correlated with GD morbidity as well as which of them can be considered protective. HLA-A, -B, -C, -DQB1, -DRB1 were genotyped using a next-generation sequencing method in 2376 persons, including 159 GD patients and 2217 healthy controls. We have demonstrated a significant association between the risk of GD and the following alleles: HLA-B*08:01, -B*39:06, -B*37:01, -C*07:01, -C*14:02, -C*03:02, -C*17:01, -DRB1*03:01, -DRB1*11:01, -DRB1*13:03, -DRB1*01:03, -DRB1*14:01, -DQB1*03:01, DQB1*02:01. The alleles HLA-B*39:06, -B*37:01, -C*14:02, -C*03:02, -C*17:01, -DRB1*14:01 are novel GD-associated, previously not-reported independent ones with no linkage disequilibrium with other high-risk alleles. On the other hand, the frequencies of HLA-B*07:02, -C*07:02, -C*03:04, DRB1*07:01, -DQB1*02:02, -DQB1*03:03 were significantly lower in GD compared to controls. This study demonstrated the actual relationships between HLA and GD based on the NGS method and provided a novel set of alleles as a reliable tool for an individual personalized risk assessment.
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Weider T, Richardson SJ, Morgan NG, Paulsen TH, Dahl-Jørgensen K, Hammerstad SS. HLA Class I Upregulation and Antiviral Immune Responses in Graves Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e1763-e1774. [PMID: 33367784 PMCID: PMC7993595 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The origin of Graves disease (GD) remains elusive. However, evidence of an association between GD and viral infections is emerging. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I presents viral antigens to circulating immune cells and plays a crucial role in the defense against viral infections. OBJECTIVE This work aimed to investigate HLA class I expression, enterovirus presence, and the viral immune response proteins signal transducer and activation of transcription 1 (STAT1) and protein kinase R (PKR) in thyroid tissue from GD patients. METHODS We collected thyroid tissue from core needle biopsies or surgical specimens from 48 GD patients and 24 controls. Standard immunohistochemistry was used to detect HLA class I and enteroviral capsid protein 1 (VP1) on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue. STAT1 and PKR were examined by combined immunofluorescence staining. HLA class I expression score was the main outcome measure. RESULTS The HLA class I expression score, which takes both proportion and intensity of immunostaining into account, was significantly higher in GD patients (3.1 ± 3.3) than in controls (0.5 ± 0.9) (P < .001). Significantly more VP1 positive thyroid cells were found GD samples (50.1 ± 30.5%) than in controls (14.9 ± 10.5%) (P < .001). STAT1 and HLA class I were found within the same thyroid cells and PKR and VP1 were also colocalized within thyroid cells. CONCLUSION HLA class I is upregulated in GD and enterovirus protein is prevalent in thyroid tissue. The colocalization of HLA class I with STAT1 and VP1 with PKR indicates an antiviral tissue response. These findings support the concept of a link between viral infections and GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Weider
- Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence: Therese Weider, MD, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, P.O. Box 4950 Nydalen, 0424 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sarah J Richardson
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Noel G Morgan
- Islet Biology Exeter, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, UK
| | - Trond H Paulsen
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut Dahl-Jørgensen
- The University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sara Salehi Hammerstad
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- The Specialist Center Pilestredet Park, Oslo, Norway
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Kachooei-Mohaghegh-Yaghoobi L, Rezaei-Rad F, Sadeghniiat-Haghighi K, Zamani M. The impact of the HLA DQB1 gene and amino acids on the development of narcolepsy. Int J Neurosci 2020; 132:706-713. [PMID: 33045884 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1835903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological and a genetic disorder of autoimmune origin, which is characterized by five main symptoms, including excessive day time sleepiness, sudden loss of muscle tone or cataplexy, sleep paralysis, hypnagogic hallucinations, and disturbed nocturnal sleep. While there are several diagnostic tests for Narcolepsy such as MSLT (mean sleep latency test), polysomnography and low range of hypocretin in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), sensitivity and specificity in these methodologies are not sufficient enough. Therefore, methods with higher sensitivity for the accurate diagnosis and confirmation of the disease are necessary. METHODS According to the infrequent prevalence of narcolepsy disease, we scheduled a case-control association study with 20 narcoleptic patients and 150 healthy individuals in a high-resolution HLA typing procedure employing SSP-PCR. RESULTS Our study demonstrates that the DQB1*06:02 allele provides the highest susceptibility with absolute risk of 0.13%, for Narcolepsy (P = 1x10-14, RR = 60.5, PcPPV = 0.13%), while, HLA-DQB1* 03:05 allele presents protection to Narcolepsy (P = 1x10-4, PcPPV = 3.19x10-4%). Furthermore, for the first time, the AA analysis displayed that AA serine182 and threonine185 located on epitope of DQβ1 chain receptor (DQB1Ser182,Thr185) present significant susceptibility for Narcolepsy (Pc= 87.03 × 10-13, PcPPV = 0.024%) while, asparagine182 located on epitope of DQβ1 protein receptor (DQB1Asn182) confers the highest protection against development of Narcolepsy (Pc= 2.16 × 10-5, PcPPV = 0.0012%). CONCLUSION Thus, this can be proposed that the polymorphic differences in the epitope of the HLA receptor could contribute to their differential association with the Narcolepsy in Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei-Rad
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mahdi Zamani
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lane LC, Kuś A, Bednarczuk T, Bossowski A, Daroszewski J, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Cordell HJ, Pearce SHS, Cheetham T, Mitchell AL. An Intronic HCP5 Variant Is Associated With Age of Onset and Susceptibility to Graves Disease in UK and Polish Cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:dgaa347. [PMID: 32501499 PMCID: PMC7382372 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The genetic background of young-onset Graves disease (GD) remains largely unknown. An intronic variant in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex P5 (HCP5) has previously been associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a cohort of Polish patients. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the association of the HCP5 variant rs3094228 with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK cohort and conduct a meta-analysis of UK and Polish data. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS rs3094228 was genotyped in 469 UK patients with GD using Taqman chemistry. Genotype frequencies were compared with genotypic data available from the Wellcome Trust case-control consortium using logistic regression analysis. To determine whether rs3094228 is independently associated with age of GD onset, the HLA DRB1*0301 tagging variant, rs535777, was also genotyped. RESULTS The C allele of rs3094228 was overrepresented in the UK GD cohort compared with controls (P allele=5.08 × 10-9, odds ratio 1.76; [95% confidence interval, 1.46-2.13]). This association was more marked in young-onset GD (<30 years) (P allele=1.70 × 10-10 vs P allele=0.0008). The meta-analysis of UK and Polish data supported the association of the C allele with GD susceptibility (P allele=1.79 × 10-5) and age of onset (P allele=5.63 × 10-8). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that rs3094228 is associated with age of GD onset (P = 2.39 × 10-6) independent of linkage disequilibrium with HLA DRB1*0301. CONCLUSION The rs3094228 HCP5 polymorphism is independently associated with GD susceptibility and age of onset in a UK GD cohort. Our findings indicate a potential role of long noncoding ribonucleic acids, including HCP5, in GD pathogenesis, particularly in the younger population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Claire Lane
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Heather Jane Cordell
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Simon Henry Schofield Pearce
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Timothy Cheetham
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Great North Children’s Hospital, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Louise Mitchell
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Endocrine Unit, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Chou YC, Chen CH, Chen MJ, Chang CW, Chen PH, Yu MH, Chen YJ, Tsai EM, Yang PS, Lin SY, Tzeng CR. Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) allorecognition patterns in women with endometriosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4897. [PMID: 32184413 PMCID: PMC7078270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61702-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis shares similarities with several autoimmune diseases. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C genotype is associated with several human autoimmune diseases. HLA-C is a ligand of killer cell immunoglobulin receptors (KIRs) and is an essential regulator of natural killer cell activity, which is associated with endometriosis progression. Polymorphisms in HLA-C and KIR affect the activity of NK cells and susceptibility to several diseases. Therefore, we attempted to investigate an association between HLA-C genotype and KIR polymorphism and the occurrence of endometriosis. We tested the association of certain KIR and HLA-C combinations and the development of endometriosis by characterizing both KIR and HLA-C genes in 147 women with endometriosis and 117 controls. The HLA-C genotypes and KIR polymorphisms were analyzed via DNA-based method for higher-resolution genotyping. We found that the occurrence of HLA-C*03:03*01 was increased in endometriosis than in control groups. Analysis of various KIR haplotypes revealed differences between the endometriosis and control cohorts. The number of KIR centromeric A/A haplotypes was increased in the endometriosis group than controls. Moreover, the endometriosis cohort was characterized by reduced number of KIR2DS2-positive individuals in the Han Chinese population. Our current findings suggest that the KIR and HLA-C genotypes are associated with the pathogenesis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ching Chou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biological Science and Technology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Jer Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women's Health, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wen Chang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Hua Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsien Yu
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eing-Mei Tsai
- General Research Centers of R&D office, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Sheng Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yeu Lin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chii-Ruey Tzeng
- Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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11
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Cotti Piccinelli S, Carella G, Frassi M, Caria F, Gallo Cassarino S, Baldelli E, Marini M, Tincani A, Padovani A, Filosto M. Human leukocyte antigens class II in CIDP spectrum neuropathies. J Neurol Sci 2019; 407:116533. [PMID: 31670164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.116533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
CIDP spectrum encompasses several clinical variants and the reasons of the heterogeneous clinical expression and the variable response to therapy are scarcely known. HLA associations are common in dysimmune conditions. In CIDP, few studies reported no associations or HLA-DR13/DQ6 association in some populations but, to date, a clear confirmed association is lacking. We analyzed expression of HLA-DR and DQ haplotypes in 24 CIDP patients and 216 healthy subject. HLA-DR3 and DR3/DQ2 were significantly more frequent in CIDP patients than in the control group. The DR3 and DR3/DQ2 positive patients present with more frequent relapsing course, worse response to IVIg, higher inflammatory neuropathy sensory sumscore (ISS) and Rotterdam Inflammatory Neuropathy Cause and Treatment Scale (INCAT) than negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Cotti Piccinelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Graziella Carella
- Laboratorio Istocompatibilità, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale SIMT, ASST "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Micol Frassi
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Filomena Caria
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Serena Gallo Cassarino
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldelli
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Mirella Marini
- Laboratorio Istocompatibilità, Servizio di Immunoematologia e Medicina Trasfusionale SIMT, ASST "Spedali Civili", Brescia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Unit of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Filosto
- Center for Neuromuscular Diseases, Unit of Neurology, ASST "Spedali Civili" and University of Brescia, Italy.
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12
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Muller I, Barrett-Lee PJ. The antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:122-134. [PMID: 31128301 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The association between breast cancer and benign thyroid disorders, in particular thyroid autoimmunity, has been debated for decades. Autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase, the hallmark of thyroid autoimmunity, have a higher prevalence among patients with breast cancer compared with the general population. Furthermore a correlation between their positivity and a better prognosis of breast cancer was found in several independent small-scale studies, even if such observation was not confirmed in a subsequent retrospective study conducted on the largest patient cohort to date. The thyroid and mammary glands present several biological similarities, therefore the hypothesis of an immune response to shared thyroid/breast antigens could in part explain the association between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. The sodium iodide symporter is expressed in both glands, however it seems unlikely to be the key common antigen, considering that autoantibodies targeting it are rare. Instead thyroid peroxidase, one of the major thyroid autoantigens, is also expressed in breast tissue and therefore represents the main antigenic link between thyroid autoimmunity and breast cancer. Furthermore lactoperoxidase, an enzyme of the same family that shares structural similarities with thyroid peroxidase, is expressed in neoplastic breast cells and is responsible for the cross-reactivity with some autoantibodies to thyroid peroxidase. Novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer might take advantage of the antigenic link between thyroid and breast tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Muller
- Thyroid Research Group, Division of Infection & Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
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13
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Shin DH, Baek IC, Kim HJ, Choi EJ, Ahn M, Jung MH, Suh BK, Cho WK, Kim TG. HLA alleles, especially amino-acid signatures of HLA-DPB1, might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of early-onset autoimmune thyroid disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216941. [PMID: 31091281 PMCID: PMC6519818 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The major histocompatibility complex region has been suggested to play an important role in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). In this study, we investigated the associations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and amino acid variants of HLA with early-onset AITD. HLA class I and class II genes were analyzed in 116 Korean children with AITDs (Graves’ disease [GD]: 71, Hashimoto’s disease [HD]: 45) and 142 healthy controls. HLA-B*46:01 (OR = 3.96, Pc = 0.008), -C*01:02 (OR = 2.51 Pc = 0.04), -DPB1*02:02 (OR = 3.99, Pc = 0.04), and -DPB1*05:01 (OR = 4.6, Pc = 0.003) were significantly associated with GD, and HLA-A*02:07 (OR = 4.68, Pc = 0.045) and -DPB1*02:02 (OR = 6.57, Pc = 0.0001) with HD. The frequency of HLA-DPB1*05:01 was significantly higher in GD patients than in HD patients (Pc = 0.0005). Furthermore, differences were found between patients with Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and those without TAO in the distribution of HLA-B*54:01 (8.6% vs. 30.6%, P = 0.04) and -C*03:03 (37.1% vs. 11.1%, P = 0.02). In the analysis of amino acid variants of HLA molecules, both Leu35 (OR = 23.38, P = 0.0002) and Glu55 (OR = 23.38, P = 0.0002) of HLA-DPB1 were strongly associated with GD and showed different distributions between GD and HD (P = 0.001). Our results suggest that HLA alleles, especially amino-acid signatures of the HLA-DP β chain, might contribute to the molecular pathogenesis of early-onset AITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hwan Shin
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Cheol Baek
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Jae Kim
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Jeong Choi
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moonbae Ahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Ho Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Kyu Suh
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Kyoung Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tai-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Hematopoietic Stem Cell Bank, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Kuś A, Radziszewski M, Glina A, Szymański K, Jurecka-Lubieniecka B, Pawlak-Adamska E, Kula D, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Kuś J, Miśkiewicz P, Płoski R, Bolanowski M, Daroszewski J, Jarząb B, Bossowski A, Bednarczuk T. Paediatric-onset and adult-onset Graves' disease share multiple genetic risk factors. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2019; 90:320-327. [PMID: 30358895 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) with a peak incidence between 30 and 50 years of age. Although children and adolescents may also develop the disease, the genetic background of paediatric-onset GD (POGD) remains largely unknown. Here, we looked for similarities and differences in the genetic risk factors for POGD and adult-onset GD (AOGD) as well as for variants associated with age of GD onset. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 1267 GD patients and 1054 healthy controls were included in the study. Allele frequencies of 40 established and suggested GD/AITD genetic risk variants (39 SNPs and HLA-DRB1*03) were compared between POGD (N = 179), AOGD (N = 1088) and healthy controls. Subsequently, multiple linear regression was used to explore the relationship between age of GD onset and genotype for each locus. RESULTS We identified six POGD risk loci, all of them were also strongly associated with AOGD. Although for some of the analysed variants, including HCP5 (rs3094228), PRICKLE1 (rs4768412) and SCGB3A2 (rs1368408), allele frequencies differed nominally between POGD and AOGD patients, these differences were not significant after applying multiple testing correction (Pcor = 0.05/40 = 1.25 × 10-3 ). Regression analysis showed that patients with higher number of HCP5 risk alleles tend to have a significantly earlier onset of GD (P = 6.9 × 10-5 ). CONCLUSIONS The results of our study revealed that POGD and AOGD share multiple common genetic risk variants. Moreover, we demonstrated for the first time that HCP5 polymorphism is associated with an earlier age of GD onset in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Radziszewski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Glina
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Szymański
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Jurecka-Lubieniecka
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Edyta Pawlak-Adamska
- Department of Experimental Therapy, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kula
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Miśkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Center for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Bolanowski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Daroszewski
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Isotope Therapy, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Jarząb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Institute - Oncology Center, Gliwice Branch, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Artur Bossowski
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrinology and Diabetes with a Cardiology Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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15
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Graves' disease: Introduction, epidemiology, endogenous and environmental pathogenic factors. ANNALES D'ENDOCRINOLOGIE 2018; 79:599-607. [PMID: 30342794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ando.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease is the most frequent cause of hyperthyroidism. Many questions remain about the choice of diagnostic evaluations and treatment strategy according to clinical context (age, gender, pregnancy, etc.) and about the best management of the main extrathyroidal complication that is Graves orbitopathy. The exact pathogenic mechanisms are not fully clear. They associate genetic factors, interactions between endogenous and environmental factors, and immune system dysregulation. Graves' orbitopathy is one of the consequences of this partial understanding. Iatrogenic Graves' disease induced by the new targeted therapies are described and could help to better understand the molecular pathways involved in the disease and to develop new therapeutic approaches.
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16
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Chu X, Yang M, Song ZJ, Dong Y, Li C, Shen M, Zhu YQ, Song HD, Chen SJ, Chen Z, Huang W. Fine mapping MHC associations in Graves' disease and its clinical subtypes in Han Chinese. J Med Genet 2018; 55:685-692. [PMID: 29987165 PMCID: PMC6161647 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-105146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background The classical human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes were the most important genetic determinant for Graves’ disease (GD). The aim of the study was to fine map causal variants of the HLA genes. Methods We applied imputation with a Pan-Asian HLA reference panel to thoroughly investigate themajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) associations with GD down to the amino acid level of classical HLA genes in 1468 patients with GD and 1490 controls of Han Chinese. Results The strongest finding across the HLA genes was the association with HLA-DPβ1 position 205 (Pomnibus=2.48×10−33). HLA-DPA1*02:02 was the strongest association among the classical HLA alleles, which was in perfect linkage disequilibrium with HLA-DPα1 residue Met11 (OR=1.90, Pbinary=1.76×10−31). Applying stepwise conditional analysis, we identified amino acid position 205 in HLA-DPβ1, position 66 and 99 in HLA-B and position 28 in HLA-DRβ1 explain majority of the MHC association to GD risk. We further evaluated risk of two clinical subtypes of GD, namely persistent thyroid stimulating hormone receptor antibody -positive (pTRAb+) group and ‘non-persistent TRAb positive’ (pTRAb−) group after antithyroid drug therapy. We found that HLA-B residues Lys66-Arg69-Val76 could drive pTRAb− GD risk alone, while HLA-DPβ1 position 205, HLA-B position 69 and 199 and HLA-DRβ1 position 28 drive pTRAb+ GD risk. The risk heterogeneity between pTRAb+ and pTRAb− GD might be driven by HLA-DPα1 Met11. Conclusions Four amino acid positions could account for the associations of MHC with GD in Han Chinese. These distinct HLA association patterns indicated the two subtypes have distinct molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Chu
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China.,Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Minjun Yang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen-Ju Song
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Chong Li
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Shen
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, China
| | - Sai-Juan Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, China
| | - Zhu Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Genetics, Shanghai-MOST Key Laboratory of Health and Disease Genomics, Chinese National Human Genome Center and Shanghai Academy of Science & Technology, Shanghai, China
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17
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Hwangbo Y, Park YJ. Genome-Wide Association Studies of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases, Thyroid Function, and Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2018; 33:175-184. [PMID: 29947174 PMCID: PMC6021314 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2018.33.2.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, including autoimmune thyroid diseases and thyroid cancer, are known to have high heritability. Family and twin studies have indicated that genetics plays a major role in the development of thyroid diseases. Thyroid function, represented by thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (T4), is also known to be partly genetically determined. Before the era of genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the ability to identify genes responsible for susceptibility to thyroid disease was limited. Over the past decade, GWAS have been used to identify genes involved in many complex diseases, including various phenotypes of the thyroid gland. In GWAS of autoimmune thyroid diseases, many susceptibility loci associated with autoimmunity (human leukocyte antigen [HLA], protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 22 [PTPN22], cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 [CTLA4], and interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha [IL2RA]) or thyroid-specific genes (thyroid stimulating hormone receptor [TSHR] and forkhead box E1 [FOXE1]) have been identified. Regarding thyroid function, many susceptibility loci for levels of TSH and free T4 have been identified through genome-wide analyses. In GWAS of differentiated thyroid cancer, associations at FOXE1, MAP3K12 binding inhibitory protein 1 (MBIP)-NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1), disrupted in renal carcinoma 3 (DIRC3), neuregulin 1 (NRG1), and pecanex-like 2 (PCNXL2) have been commonly identified in people of European and Korean ancestry, and many other susceptibility loci have been found in specific populations. Through GWAS of various thyroid-related phenotypes, many susceptibility loci have been found, providing insights into the pathogenesis of thyroid diseases and disease co-clustering within families and individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yul Hwangbo
- Center for Thyroid Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young Joo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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18
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Family history of autoimmune diseases and risk of gastric cancer: a national cohort study. Eur J Cancer Prev 2018; 27:221-226. [DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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19
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Vita R, Lapa D, Trimarchi F, Vita G, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Benvenga S. Certain HLA alleles are associated with stress-triggered Graves' disease and influence its course. Endocrine 2017; 55:93-100. [PMID: 26951052 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0909-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
There are no studies on HLA analysis in patients in whom Graves' disease (GD) hyperthyroidism has been preceded by ≥1 stressful event. The aim of the present study was to identify predisposing or protecting HLA alleles and their effects on the course of GD in this subset of patients. We performed serological HLA typing in 58 Caucasian patients with stress-related GD and in 130 matched healthy controls (HC). We also performed genomic HLA typing in 20/58 patients and in all HC. Five HLA alleles and three loci were more frequent in patients compared to HC: B8, Cw7, C*07, C*17, DR3, DR4, DRB1*04, and DQ2. In contrast, B14 was less frequent in patients than in HC. Depending on outcome after ATD withdrawal (remission, exacerbation on-ATD, relapse off-ATD), in patients, some alleles/loci were over-represented, while others were under-represented. Age, FT3, and FT4 fold increase over the upper normal limit at onset were different depending on the allele/locus carried. In GD patients with stress-triggered hyperthyroidism, HLA typing may be helpful in predicting the outcome of the disease after ATD withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Vita
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Daniela Lapa
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Trimarchi
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Vita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Benvenga
- Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Viale Gazzi, Padiglione H, 4 piano, 98125, Messina, Italy
- Master Program on Childhood, Adolescent and Women's Endocrine Health, University of Messina School of Medicine, Messina, Italy
- Interdepartmental Program of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology, and Women's Endocrine Health, University Hospital Policlinico G. Martino, Messina, Italy
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20
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Dandekar S, Wijesuriya H, Geiger T, Hamm D, Mathern GW, Owens GC. Shared HLA Class I and II Alleles and Clonally Restricted Public and Private Brain-Infiltrating αβ T Cells in a Cohort of Rasmussen Encephalitis Surgery Patients. Front Immunol 2016; 7:608. [PMID: 28066418 PMCID: PMC5165278 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rasmussen encephalitis (RE) is a rare pediatric neuroinflammatory disease characterized by intractable seizures and unilateral brain atrophy. T cell infiltrates in affected brain tissue and the presence of circulating autoantibodies in some RE patients have indicated that RE may be an autoimmune disease. The strongest genetic links to autoimmunity reside in the MHC locus, therefore, we determined the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II alleles carried by a cohort of 24 RE surgery cases by targeted in-depth genomic sequencing. Compared with a reference population the allelic frequency of three alleles, DQA1*04:01:01, DQB1*04:02:01, and HLA-C*07:02:01:01 indicated that they might confer susceptibility to the disease. It has been reported that HLA-C*07:02 is a risk factor for Graves disease. Further, eight patients in the study cohort carried HLA-A*03:01:01:01, which has been linked to susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. Four patients carried a combination of three HLA class II alleles that has been linked to type 1 diabetes (DQA1*05:01:01:01~DQB1*02:01:01~DRB1*03:01:01:01), and five patients carried a combination of HLA class II alleles that has been linked to the risk of contracting multiple sclerosis (DQA1*01:02:01:01, DQB1*06:02:01, DRB1*15:01:01:01). We also analyzed the diversity of αβ T cells in brain and blood specimens from 14 of these RE surgery cases by sequencing the third complementarity regions (CDR3s) of rearranged T cell receptor β genes. A total of 31 unique CDR3 sequences accounted for the top 5% of all CDR3 sequences in the 14 brain specimens. Thirteen of these sequences were found in sequencing data from healthy blood donors; the remaining 18 sequences were patient specific. These observations provide evidence for the clonal expansion of public and private T cells in the brain, which might be influenced by the RE patient’s HLA haplotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sugandha Dandekar
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Hemani Wijesuriya
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
| | - Tim Geiger
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Inc. , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - David Hamm
- Adaptive Biotechnologies Inc. , Seattle, WA , USA
| | - Gary W Mathern
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Brain Research Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Owens
- Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles , Los Angeles, CA , USA
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Hallberg P, Eriksson N, Ibañez L, Bondon-Guitton E, Kreutz R, Carvajal A, Lucena MI, Ponce ES, Molokhia M, Martin J, Axelsson T, Yue QY, Magnusson PKE, Wadelius M. Genetic variants associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: a genome-wide association study in a European population. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:507-16. [PMID: 27157822 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)00113-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a potentially life-threatening adverse reaction. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in ethnic Chinese people in Taiwan and Hong Kong have shown an association between agranulocytosis induced by antithyroid drugs and the HLA alleles HLA-B*38:02 and HLA-DRB1*08:03. We aimed to identify genetic variants associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis in a white European population. METHODS We did a GWAS in 234 European adults with any non-chemotherapy drug-induced agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count ≤0·5 × 10(9)/L [≤500/μL]) and 5170 population controls. 39 of the 234 patients had agranulocytosis that was induced by antithyroid drugs (thiamazole [methimazole], carbimazole, or propylthiouracil). After imputation and HLA allele prediction, 9 380 034 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 180 HLA alleles were tested for association. The genome-wide significance threshold was p<5 × 10(-8). FINDINGS Agranulocytosis induced by non-chemotherapy drugs in general was significantly associated with the HLA region on chromosome 6, with odds ratios (ORs) of 3·24 (95% CI 2·31-4·55, p=1·20 × 10(-11)) for HLA-B*27:05 and 3·57 (2·61-4·90, p=2·32 × 10(-15)) for the top SNP (rs114291795). Drug-specific analysis showed that the association with HLA-B*27:05 was largely driven by cases induced by antithyroid drugs. In a multiple logistic regression model, the OR for HLA-B*27:05 was 7·30 (3·81-13·96) when antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was compared with population controls (p=1·91 × 10(-9)) and 16·91 (3·44-83·17) when compared with a small group of hyperthyroid controls (p=5·04 × 10(-4)). Three SNPs were strongly associated with antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis: rs652888 (OR 4·73, 95% CI 3·00-7·44, p=1·92 × 10(-11)) and rs199564443 (17·42, 7·38-41·12, p=7·04 × 10(-11)), which were independent of HLA-B*27:05, and rs1071816 (5·27, 3·06-9·10, p=2·35 × 10(-9)) which was in moderate linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*27:05. In heterozygous carriers of all three SNPs, the predicted probability of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was about 30% (OR 753, 95% CI 105-6812). To avoid one case of agranulocytosis, based on the possible risk reduction if all three SNPs are genotyped and carriers are treated or monitored differently from non-carriers, roughly 238 patients would need to be genotyped. INTERPRETATION In white European people, antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis was associated with HLA-B*27:05 and with other SNPs on chromosome 6. In the future, carriers of these variants could be placed under intensified monitoring or offered alternative treatment for hyperthyroidism. FUNDING Swedish Research Council, Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation, Clinical Research Support at Uppsala University, German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Carlos III Spanish Health Institute, European Regional Development Fund, UK National Institute for Health Research, The Selander's Foundation, Thuréus Foundation, European Commission, and Science for Life Laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Hallberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Niclas Eriksson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Uppsala Clinical Research Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Luisa Ibañez
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Fundació Institut Català de Farmacologia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emmanuelle Bondon-Guitton
- Service de Pharmacologie Médicale et Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Reinhold Kreutz
- Institut für Klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alfonso Carvajal
- Centro de Estudios sobre la Seguridad de los Medicamentos, Universidad de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - M Isabel Lucena
- S Farmacologia Clinica, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Sancho Ponce
- Servei d'Hematologia i Banc de Sang, Hospital General de Catalunya, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mariam Molokhia
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health Sciences, National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College London, London, UK
| | - Javier Martin
- Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina López-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Granada, Spain
| | - Tomas Axelsson
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Patrik K E Magnusson
- Swedish Twin Registry, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mia Wadelius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacology and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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Chen PL, Fann CSJ, Shih SR, Yang WS, Chang TC. First step towards precision medicine for antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4:473-4. [PMID: 27157821 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(16)30013-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lung Chen
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | | | - Shyang-Rong Shih
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Shiung Yang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Chun Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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24
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Genetic association of Fc receptor-like glycoprotein with susceptibility to Graves' disease in a Chinese Han population. Immunobiology 2016; 221:56-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Sasazuki T, Inoko H, Morishima S, Morishima Y. Gene Map of the HLA Region, Graves’ Disease and Hashimoto Thyroiditis, and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Adv Immunol 2016; 129:175-249. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kuś A, Szymański K, Peeters RP, Miśkiewicz P, Porcu E, Pistis G, Sanna S, Naitza S, Płoski R, Medici M, Bednarczuk T. The association of thyroid peroxidase antibody risk loci with susceptibility to and phenotype of Graves' disease. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015; 83:556-62. [PMID: 25345847 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite great progress, the genetic basis of Graves' disease (GD) remains poorly understood. Recently, a population-based genomewide association study (GWAS) identified five novel loci (ATXN2/SH2B3, MAGI3, BACH2, TPO and KALRN) as significantly associated with the presence of thyroid peroxidase autoantibodies (TPOAbs), whereas several other loci showed suggestive association. METHODS In this study, we investigated 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with TPOAbs for the association with susceptibility to and phenotype of GD in a cohort of 647 patients with GD and 769 controls from a Polish Caucasian population. RESULTS SNPs within/near HCP5 (rs3094228, P = 1·6 × 10(-12) , OR = 1·88), MAGI3 (rs1230666, P = 1·9 × 10(-5) , OR = 1·51) and ATXN2/SH2B3 (rs653178, P = 0·0015, OR = 1·28) loci were significantly associated with susceptibility to GD. Allele frequencies differed significantly in subgroups of patients with GD stratified by age of GD onset for HCP5 (P = 0·0014, OR = 1·50) and showed a suggestive difference for MAGI3 (P = 0·0035, OR = 1·50) SNPs. Although rs11675434 located near TPO showed no association with GD susceptibility, it was significantly associated with the presence of clinically evident Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO, P = 5·2 × 10(-5) , OR = 1·64), and this effect was independent from smoking status, age of GD onset and gender. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study showing an association of the ATXN2/SH2B3 locus with susceptibility to GD. Furthermore, we observed a novel significant association within the HLA region at a SNP located near HCP5 and confirmed the association of the MAGI3 locus with GD susceptibility. HCP5 and MAGI3 SNPs were further correlated with age of GD onset. Finally, we identified TPO as a new susceptibility locus for GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksander Kuś
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Szymański
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robin P Peeters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Piotr Miśkiewicz
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eleonora Porcu
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pistis
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Serena Sanna
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Naitza
- Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, c/o Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, Monserrato, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Medici
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz Bednarczuk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Okada Y, Momozawa Y, Ashikawa K, Kanai M, Matsuda K, Kamatani Y, Takahashi A, Kubo M. Construction of a population-specific HLA imputation reference panel and its application to Graves' disease risk in Japanese. Nat Genet 2015; 47:798-802. [PMID: 26029868 DOI: 10.1038/ng.3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
To fine map association signals of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) variants in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, we constructed a Japanese population-specific reference panel (n = 908). We conducted trans-ancestry comparisons of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype structure for HLA variants using an entropy-based LD measurement, ɛ, and a visualization tool to capture high-dimensional variables. Our Japanese reference panel exhibited stronger LD between HLA genes than European or other East Asian populations, characterized by one population-specific common long-range HLA haplotype. We applied HLA imputation to genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for Graves' disease in Japanese (n = 9,003) and found that amino acid polymorphisms of multiple class I and class II HLA genes independently contribute to disease risk (HLA-DPB1, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-DRB1; P < 2.3 × 10(-6)), with the strongest impact at HLA-DPB1 (P = 1.6 × 10(-42)). Our study illustrates the value of population-specific HLA reference panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Okada
- 1] Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan. [2] Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kyota Ashikawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kanai
- Department of Human Genetics and Disease Diversity, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takahashi
- Laboratory for Statistical Analysis, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
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Cai T, Wang X, Muhali FS, Song R, Shi X, Jiang W, Xiao L, Li D, Zhang J. Lack of association between polymorphisms in the UBASH3A gene and autoimmune thyroid disease: a case control study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 58:640-5. [PMID: 25211447 DOI: 10.1590/0004-2730000003209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate UBASH3A gene variation association with autoimmune thyroid disease and clinical features in a Chinese Han population. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 667 AITD patients (417 GD and 250 HT) and 301 healthy controls were genotyped for two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs11203203, rs3788013 of UBASH3A gene, utilizing the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer (MALDI-TOF-MS) Platform. RESULTS Between the control group and AITD, GD and HT group, no statistically significant difference was observed in the genotypic and allelic frequencies of the two SNPs. There was no significant difference in allelic frequencies of the two SNPs between GD with and without ophthalmopathy. There was no significant difference in haplotype distributions between the control group and AITD, GD or HT group. CONCLUSION Rs11203203 and rs3788013 in UBASH3A gene may not be associated with AITD patients in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- TianTian Cai
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi?an Jiaotong University, Xi?an, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi?an Jiaotong University, Xi?an, China
| | - Fatuma-Said Muhali
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi?an Jiaotong University, Xi?an, China
| | - RongHua Song
- Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi?an Jiaotong University, Xi?an, China
| | - XiaoHong Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - WenJuan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - DanFeng Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - JinAn Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Schultheiss UT, Teumer A, Medici M, Li Y, Daya N, Chaker L, Homuth G, Uitterlinden AG, Nauck M, Hofman A, Selvin E, Völzke H, Peeters RP, Köttgen A. A genetic risk score for thyroid peroxidase antibodies associates with clinical thyroid disease in community-based populations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E799-807. [PMID: 25719932 PMCID: PMC4422885 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-4352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPOAbs) are detected in 90% of all patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis, the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is associated with a range of adverse outcomes. The current knowledge of its genetic underpinnings is limited. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify novel genetic variants associated with TPOAb concentrations and positivity using genome-wide association data and to characterize their association with thyroid function and disease. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We studied European ancestry participants of 3 independent prospective population-based studies: Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities study (n = 7524), Study of Health in Pomerania (n = 3803), and Study of Health in Pomerania-TREND (n = 887). EXPOSURE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), individually and combined into a genetic risk score (GRS), were examined. MAIN OUTCOMES The main outcomes were TPOAb concentrations and positivity, thyroid hormone concentrations (TSH, free T4), and clinical thyroid diseases (subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and goiter). RESULTS Significantly associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (P < 5 · 10(-8)) mapped into 4 genomic regions not previously implicated for TPOAbs (RERE, extended HLA region) and into 5 previously described loci. A higher Genetic Risk Score (GRS) based on these 9 SNPs showed strong and graded associations with higher TPOAb, TSH, and lower free T4 concentrations (P < .001). Compared with individuals in the lowest GRS quartile, those in the highest quartile had 1.80-fold higher odds of subclinical hypothyroidism (95% confidence interval, 1.27-2.55) and 1.89-fold higher odds of overt hypothyroidism (95% confidence interval, 1.24-2.87). CONCLUSION The identification of 4 novel genetic loci associated with TPOAb concentrations and positivity gives further insight into the genetic underpinnings of hypothyroidism. A GRS showed strong and graded associations with markers of thyroid function and disease in independent population-based studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulla T Schultheiss
- Renal Division (U.T.S., Y.L., A.K.), Department of Medicine IV, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine and Rotterdam Thyroid Center (M.M., L.C., A.G.U., R.P.P.) and Department of Epidemiology (L.C., A.H.), Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Institute for Community Medicine (A.T., H.V.), Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics (G.H.), and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (M.N.), University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; and Department of Epidemiology (N.D., E.S., A.K.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Medici M, Visser WE, Visser TJ, Peeters RP. Genetic determination of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis: where do we stand? Endocr Rev 2015; 36:214-44. [PMID: 25751422 DOI: 10.1210/er.2014-1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
For a long time it has been known that both hypo- and hyperthyroidism are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. In recent years, it has also become clear that minor variations in thyroid function, including subclinical dysfunction and variation in thyroid function within the reference range, can have important effects on clinical endpoints, such as bone mineral density, depression, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular mortality. Serum thyroid parameters show substantial interindividual variability, whereas the intraindividual variability lies within a narrow range. This suggests that every individual has a unique hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis setpoint that is mainly determined by genetic factors, and this heritability has been estimated to be 40-60%. Various mutations in thyroid hormone pathway genes have been identified in persons with thyroid dysfunction or altered thyroid function tests. Because these causes are rare, many candidate gene and linkage studies have been performed over the years to identify more common variants (polymorphisms) associated with thyroid (dys)function, but only a limited number of consistent associations have been found. However, in the past 5 years, advances in genetic research have led to the identification of a large number of new candidate genes. In this review, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the polygenic basis of thyroid (dys)function. This includes new candidate genes identified by genome-wide approaches, what insights these genes provide into the genetic basis of thyroid (dys)function, and which new techniques will help to further decipher the genetic basis of thyroid (dys)function in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Medici
- Rotterdam Thyroid Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bougacha-Elleuch N, Charfi N, Kharrat N, Ayadi F, Maalej A, Chabchoub G, Rebai A, Kammoun-Krichen M, Belguith-Maalej S, Abid M, Mnif M, Ayadi H. A 20 year history of clinical and genetic study of thyroid autoimmunity in a Tunisian multigenerational family: Evidence for gene interaction. Meta Gene 2015; 2:63-71. [PMID: 25606390 PMCID: PMC4287800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD), which include Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT), Graves' disease (GD) and primary idiopathic myxoedema (PIM), are recognized by their clinical and genetic heterogeneity. In this study, we have carried on a global approach gathering 20 year genetic and clinical data on a Tunisian multigenerational family (Akr). Our purpose was search for a combined genotype involved in AITD susceptibility using 33 gene polymorphisms. The Akr pedigree is composed of more than 400 members distributed on 10 generations. Clinical follow-up was performed by appreciation of the thyroid gland and measurement of both thyroid hormone and auto antibody levels. We used FBAT software to test for association between gene polymorphisms and AITDs. Clinical follow-up has showed that the number of AITD patients has increased from 25 to 78 subjects subdivided on 51 cases of GD, 22 PIM and 5 HT. Concerning genetic analysis, our study has revealed new gene association when compared with our previous analysis (considering single genes). Thus, PTPN22, TG and VDR gene polymorphisms have became associated with p-values ranging from 4.6 10− 2 to 4 10− 3 when considered with other genes on the same chromosome; giving evidence for gene interaction. The most significant association was found with the MHC region (p = 7.15 10− 4). Moreover, and among gene polymorphisms explored, our analysis has identified some of them as AITD biomarkers. Indeed, PDS gene polymorphisms were associated with either exophthalmia or goiter (p-values from 10− 2 to 10− 3). In conclusion, our study gives evidence for gene interaction in AITD development confirming genetic complexity of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadia Charfi
- Service Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Najla Kharrat
- Equipe de bioinformatique, Centre de Biotechnologie, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Service de Biochimie, CHU Habib Bourguiba, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abdellatif Maalej
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ghazi Chabchoub
- Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire Humaine, Faculté de Médecine de Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Rebai
- Equipe de bioinformatique, Centre de Biotechnologie, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Maha Kammoun-Krichen
- Unité Cibles pour le Diagnostic et la Thérapie, Centre de Biotechnologie, Sfax, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Abid
- Service Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Mnif
- Service Endocrinologie, CHU Hédi Chaker, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hammadi Ayadi
- Unité Cibles pour le Diagnostic et la Thérapie, Centre de Biotechnologie, Sfax, Tunisia
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McLachlan SM, Aliesky H, Banuelos B, Magana J, Williams RW, Rapoport B. Immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region and major histocompatibility region genes are linked to induced graves' disease in females from two very large families of recombinant inbred mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:4094-103. [PMID: 25051451 PMCID: PMC4164918 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Graves' hyperthyroidism is caused by antibodies to the TSH receptor (TSHR) that mimic thyroid stimulation by TSH. Stimulating TSHR antibodies and hyperthyroidism can be induced by immunizing mice with adenovirus expressing the human TSHR A-subunit. Prior analysis of induced Graves' disease in small families of recombinant inbred (RI) female mice demonstrated strong genetic control but did not resolve trait loci for TSHR antibodies or elevated serum T4. We investigated the genetic basis for induced Graves' disease in female mice of two large RI families and combined data with earlier findings to provide phenotypes for 178 genotypes. TSHR antibodies measured by inhibition of TSH binding to its receptor were highly significantly linked in the BXD set to the major histocompatibility region (chromosome 17), consistent with observations in 3 other RI families. In the LXS family, we detected linkage between T4 levels after TSHR-adenovirus immunization and the Ig heavy chain variable region (Igvh, chromosome 12). This observation is a key finding because components of the antigen binding region of Igs determine antibody specificity and have been previously linked to induced thyroid-stimulating antibodies. Data from the LXS family provide the first evidence in mice of a direct link between induced hyperthyroidism and Igvh genes. A role for major histocompatibility genes has now been established for genetic susceptibility to Graves' disease in both humans and mice. Future studies using arrays incorporating variation in the complex human Ig gene locus will be necessary to determine whether Igvh genes are also linked to Graves' disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M McLachlan
- Thyroid Autoimmune Disease Unit (S.M.M., H.A., B.B., J.M., B.R.), Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90048; and Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology (R.W.W.), University of Tennessee Health-Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163
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Effraimidis G, Wiersinga WM. Mechanisms in endocrinology: autoimmune thyroid disease: old and new players. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:R241-52. [PMID: 24609834 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The last 10 years have seen some progress in understanding the etiology of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). The female preponderance can now be explained - at least in part - by fetal microchimerism and X-chromosome inactivation. The number of identified susceptibility genes for AITD is increasing (among others now including TSHR, TG, HLA, CTLA4, PTPN22, CD40, FCRL3, IL2RA, and FOXP3), but these genes together probably do not explain more than about 10% of the heritability of AITD. As twin studies indicate that genes contribute for 70% of AITD, it follows that there must be many more loci, each of them contributing a little. While the genetic studies have clarified why various autoimmune diseases so often cluster in the same patient, the molecular mechanism of action of these genetic polymorphisms (frequently located in introns) has hardly been explained. Polymorphisms in AITD susceptibility genes may become helpful in clinical practice, e.g. in assessing risk of recurrent Graves' hyperthyroidism (GH) after a course of antithyroid drugs. Moderate alcohol intake decreases the risk on overt GH and overt Hashimoto's hypothyroidism. Current smokers - as well known - are at increased risk for Graves' disease, but - surprisingly - at diminished risk for Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Low selenium and low vitamin D levels might increase the risk of developing AITD, but data are still inconclusive. Current options for preventive interventions in subjects at risk to develop AITD are very limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigoris Effraimidis
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, Room F5-169, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Wilmar M Wiersinga
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAcademic Medical Center, Room F5-169, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105AZ, The Netherlands
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Zeng H, Yan H, Zhang Z, Fang W, Ding R, Huang L, Chen M, Zhang J. Association between IL-21 gene rs907715 polymorphisms and Graves' disease in a Southern Chinese population. Exp Ther Med 2014; 8:213-218. [PMID: 24944624 PMCID: PMC4061203 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.1707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a pleiotropic cytokine linking innate and adaptive immune responses, which has been reported to play a key role in multiple autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present case-control study was to investigate the genetic association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of rs907715 within the IL-21 gene and Graves’ disease (GD) in a Southern Chinese population. A total of 211 patients with GD and 212 control subjects were recruited for the study. IL-21 gene rs907715 polymorphisms were detected by direct DNA sequencing. The results indicated that the frequencies of the GG genotype and the G allele in GD patients were significantly increased when compared with the frequencies in the controls (P=6.7×10−3 and P=2.0×10−5, respectively). In addition, the frequency of the AA genotype was much lower in the patient group when compared with the control group (16.6 vs. 34.0%; P=4.0×10−5). Furthermore, the G allele of rs907715 was associated with relapse in GD patients. These observations indicated that polymorphisms of IL-21/rs907715 may affect the susceptibility to GD in a Southern Chinese population. The G allele was significantly associated with an increased risk of GD development, whereas the A allele may lower the susceptibility to GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zeng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhixian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Weizhen Fang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Rui Ding
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Lisi Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Mei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Martin S, Dutescu MI, Sirbu A, Barbu C, Albu A, Florea S, Fica S. The clinical value of human leukocyte antigen HLA-DRB1 subtypes associated to Graves' disease in Romanian population. Immunol Invest 2014; 43:479-90. [PMID: 24661105 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2014.886261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to identify the primary susceptibility HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with GD in Romanian population and to seek whether specific HLA-DRB1 haplotypes are associated with differences in the clinical presentation of GD at diagnosis. Molecular typing of HLA-DRB1 alleles was performed in 77 Romanian Caucasian GD patients and 445 racially matched controls. In GD patients, age, presence of eye disease, goiter grade, autoantibody status and titer, TSH, FT4, FT3, TT3 levels were recorded at diagnosis. The allelic frequencies of HLA-DRB1*03 (41.55% vs. 17.75%, p < 0.0001, χ(2) = 20.81) and DRB1*11 (42.85% vs. 30.56%, p = 0.045, χ(2) = 3.98)were higher, whereas those of HLA-DRB1*01(3.89% vs. 16.40%, p = 0.007, χ(2) = 7.281) and DRB1*15 (10.38% vs. 21.34%, p = 0.038, χ(2) = 4.309)were lower in GD patients than in controls. FT4/TT3 ratio (p = 0.015) and anti-thyroglobulin antibodies (p = 0.024) were higher in *03/11 patients compared to *X/X, *11/Z, *03/Y patients (where X is any other allele than *03 and *11, Y is any other allele than *11, Z is any other allele than *03). In conclusion, HLA-DRB1*03 and DRB1*11 may be the primary susceptibility HLA-DRB1 alleles associated with GD in Romanian population, whereas HLA-DRB1*01 and DRB1*15 seem to be protective. At diagnosis, HLA-DRB1*03/11 GD patients had higher FT4/TT3 ratio and anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sorina Martin
- Department of Endocrinology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy , 020021 Bucharest , Romania
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Narcolepsy as an immune-mediated disease. SLEEP DISORDERS 2014; 2014:792687. [PMID: 24551456 PMCID: PMC3914477 DOI: 10.1155/2014/792687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagonic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disturbed nocturnal sleep patterns. This disease is secondary to the specific loss of hypothalamic hypocretin (orexin)-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. An autoimmune basis for the disease has long been suspected based on its strong association with the genetic marker DQB1∗06:02, and current studies greatly support this hypothesis. Narcolepsy with hypocretin deficiency is associated with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and T cell receptor (TCR) polymorphisms, suggesting that an autoimmune process targets a peptide unique to hypocretin-producing neurons via specific HLA-peptide-TCR interactions. This concept has gained a lot of notoriety after the increase of childhood narcolepsy in 2010 following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) in China and vaccination with Pandemrix, an adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine that was used in Scandinavia. The surge of narcolepsy cases subsequent to influenza A H1N1 infection and H1N1 vaccination suggests that processes such as molecular mimicry or bystander activation might be crucial for disease development.
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Liu BL, Yang SY, Liu W, Xue LQ, Chen X, Pan CM, Gu ZH, Zhan M, Zhang XM, Liang J, Gao GQ, Du WH, Yuan GY, Ying R, Zhao SX, Song HD. Refined association of TSH receptor susceptibility locus to Graves' disease in the Chinese Han population. Eur J Endocrinol 2014; 170:109-19. [PMID: 24144966 DOI: 10.1530/eje-13-0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Convincing evidence has demonstrated the association of TSH receptor (TSHR) with Graves' disease (GD) in the Chinese Han population. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the causal variants for GD in the region encompassing TSHR by a refining association study. DESIGN AND METHODS GD patients (1536) and 1516 sex-matched controls were recruited in the first stage, and an additional 3832 GD patients and 3426 sex-matched controls were recruited in the replication stage. Genotyping was performed using Illumina Human660-Quad BeadChips or TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Genotyping Assays and the Fluidigm EP1 platform. RESULTS When the results of regression analysis for 74 genotyped SNPs and 922 imputed SNPs in the first-stage cohort were combined, rs179243 and rs3783949 were the probable susceptibility SNPs associated with GD in TSHR. Eleven SNPs, including rs179243 and rs3783949, were selected to further refine the association in the replication study. Finally, rs12101261 and rs179243 were confirmed as independent GD susceptibility variants in the replication and combined populations. Further, we also found that the rate of persistent TSHR autoantibody positivity (pTRAb+) was significantly higher in the GD patients with the susceptible genotypes rs12101261 or rs179243 than in the GD patients carrying the protective genotypes, after the GD patients had been treated for more than 1 year. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that rs12101261 and rs179243 are the possible causal SNPs for GD susceptibility in the TSHR gene and could serve as genetic markers to predict the outcome of pTRAb+ in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
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Xue L, Pan C, Gu Z, Zhao S, Han B, Liu W, Yang S, Yu S, Sun Y, Liang J, Gao G, Zhang X, Yuan G, Li C, Du W, Chen G, Chen J, Song H. Genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility gene in different ethnic populations: refining association study of PTPN22 for Graves' disease in a Chinese Han population. PLoS One 2013; 8:e84514. [PMID: 24386393 PMCID: PMC3875558 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0084514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous studies, we presumed subtypes of Graves’ disease (GD) may be caused by different major susceptibility genes or different variants of a single susceptibility gene. However, more evidence is needed to support this hypothesis. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2476601 in PTPN22 is the susceptibility loci of GD in the European population. However, this polymorphism has not been found in Asian populations. Here, we investigate whether PTPN22 is the susceptibility gene for GD in Chinese population and further determine the susceptibility variant of PTPN22 in GD. We conducted an imputation analysis based on the results of our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 1,536 GD patients and 1,516 control subjects. Imputation revealed that 255 common SNPs on a linkage disequilibrium (LD) block containing PTPN22 were associated with GD (P<0.05). Nine tagSNPs that captured the 255 common variants were selected to be further genotyped in a large cohort including 4,368 GD patients and 4,350 matched controls. There was no significant difference between the nine tagSNPs (P>0.05) in either the genotype distribution or allelic frequencies between patients and controls in the replication study. Although the combined analysis exhibited a weak association signal (Pcombined = 0.003263 for rs3811021), the false positive report probability (FPRP) analysis indicated it was most likely a false positive finding. Our study did not support an association of common SNPs in PTPN22 LD block with GD in Chinese Han population. This suggests that GD in different ethnic population is probably caused by distinct susceptibility genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaohui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangxia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, East Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, the Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guanqi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, the First Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guoyue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, the Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Changgui Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Gout Laboratory, Medical School Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wenhua Du
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Fujian Province Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jialun Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaidong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Identification of BACH2 as a susceptibility gene for Graves' disease in the Chinese Han population based on a three-stage genome-wide association study. Hum Genet 2013; 133:661-71. [PMID: 24346624 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1404-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The BACH2 gene regulates B cell differentiation and function and has been reported to be a shared susceptibility gene for several autoimmune diseases. Our previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) indicated that several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the BACH2 gene are associated with Graves' disease (GD) in the Chinese Han population; however, the association did not achieve genome-wide significance levels. Recently, this association of BACH2 with GD was confirmed in Caucasians in the UK population, but fine mapping in this region has not yet been reported. Here, we provide a refined analysis of a 331-kb region in the BACH2 gene, which harbors 359 SNPs, using GWAS data from 1,442 GD patients and 1,468 controls. The SNPs rs2474619 and rs9344996 were implied as the independent variants associated with GD by forward and two-locus logistic regression analysis. We genotyped eight out of 10 tagSNPs with P < 1 × 10(-3) in 3,508 GD patients and 3,209 controls, the results also showed that rs2474619 was independently associated with GD in the combined population from GWAS and the second stage (P = 1.81 × 10(-5)). The rs2474619 and rs9344996 were further genotyped in the third stage cohorts, and rs2474619 showed evidence of association with GD at genome-wide significance levels in the combined population (P = 3.28 × 10(-8), odds ratio = 1.13). The association of rs9344996 with GD can be explained by its linkage to rs2474619 in the combined population. Our study clearly demonstrated that BACH2 is a susceptibility gene for GD in the Chinese Han population and further supported rs2474619, in intron 2 of BACH2, is the best association signal with GD. However, the mechanism by which BACH2 confers increased risk of GD requires further study.
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Mahlios J, De la Herrán-Arita AK, Mignot E. The autoimmune basis of narcolepsy. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:767-73. [PMID: 23725858 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Narcolepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagonic hallucinations, sleep paralysis, and disturbed nocturnal sleep patterns. Narcolepsy is caused by the loss of hypocretin (orexin)-producing neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Evidence, such as a strong association with HLA DQB1*06:02, strongly suggests an autoimmune basis targeting hypocretin neurons. Genome-wide association studies have strengthened the association between narcolepsy and immune system gene polymorphisms, including the identification of polymorphisms in the T cell receptor alpha locus, TNFSF4 (also called OX40L), Cathepsin H (CTSH) the purinergic receptor P2RY11, and the DNA methyltransferase DNMT1. Recently, attention has been raised regarding a spike in cases of childhood narcolepsy in 2010 following the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pH1N1) in China and vaccination with Pandemrix, an adjuvanted H1N1 vaccine that was used in Europe. How the immune system may be involved in disease initiation and/or progression remains a challenge to researchers. Potential immunological pathways that could lead to the specific elimination of hypocretin producing neurons include molecular mimicry or bystander activation, and are likely a combination of genetic and environmental factors, such as upper airway infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Mahlios
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1050 A, Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA
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Abstract
The ability of the immune system to protect the body from attack by foreign antigens is essential for human survival. The immune system can, however, start to attack the body's own organs. An autoimmune response against components of the thyroid gland affects 2-5% of the general population. Considerable familial clustering is also observed in autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD). Teasing out the genetic contribution to AITD over the past 40 years has helped unravel how immune disruption leads to disease onset. Breakthroughs in genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the past decade have facilitated screening of a greater proportion of the genome, leading to the identification of a before unimaginable number of AITD susceptibility loci. This Review will focus on the new susceptibility loci identified by GWAS, what insights these loci provide about the pathogenesis of AITD and how genetic susceptibility loci shared between different autoimmune diseases could help explain disease co-clustering within individuals and families. This Review also discusses where future efforts should be focused to translate this step forward in our understanding of the genetic contribution to AITD into a better understanding of disease presentation and progression, and improved therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Simmonds
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Churchill Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LJ, UK.
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Singh AK, Mahlios J, Mignot E. Genetic association, seasonal infections and autoimmune basis of narcolepsy. J Autoimmun 2013; 43:26-31. [PMID: 23497937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a growing number of potential autoimmune disorders affecting neurons in the central nervous system have been identified, including narcolepsy. Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness with irresistible sleep attacks, cataplexy (sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone), hypnagogic hallucinations, and abnormalities of Rapid Eye Movement sleep. Narcolepsy is generally a sporadic disorder and is caused by the loss of hypocretin (orexin)-producing neurons in the hypothalamus region of the brain. Studies have established that more than 90% of patients have a genetic association with HLA DQB1*06:02. Genome-wide association analysis shows a strong association between narcolepsy and polymorphisms in the TCRα locus and weaker associations within TNFSF4 (also called OX40L), Cathepsin H and the P2RY11-DNMT1 (purinergic receptor subtype P2Y11 to DNMT1, a DNA methytransferase) loci, suggesting an autoimmune basis. Mutations in DNMT1 have also been reported to cause narcolepsy in association with a complex neurological syndrome, suggesting the importance of DNA methylation in the pathology. More recently, narcolepsy was identified in association with seasonal streptococcus, H1N1 infections and following AS03-adjuvanted pH1N1 influenza vaccination in Northern Europe. Potential immunological pathways responsible for the loss of hypocretin producing neurons in these cases may be molecular mimicry or bystander activation. Specific autoantibodies or T cells cross-reactive with hypocretin neurons have not yet been identified, however, thus narcolepsy does not meet Witebsky's criteria for an autoimmune disease. As the brain is not an easily accessible organ, mechanisms of disease initiation and progression remain a challenge to researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinav Kumar Singh
- Stanford Center for Sleep Sciences and Medicine, Stanford University of Medicine, 1050 A, Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94034, USA
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Zhao SX, Liu W, Zhan M, Song ZY, Yang SY, Xue LQ, Pan CM, Gu ZH, Liu BL, Wang HN, Liang L, Liang J, Zhang XM, Yuan GY, Li CG, Chen MD, Chen JL, Gao GQ, Song HD. A refined study of FCRL genes from a genome-wide association study for Graves' disease. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57758. [PMID: 23505439 PMCID: PMC3591391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To pinpoint the exact location of the etiological variant/s present at 1q21.1 harboring FCRL1-5 and CD5L genes, we carried out a refined association study in the entire FCRL region in 1,536 patients with Graves' disease (GD) and 1,516 sex-matched controls by imputation analysis, logistic regression, and cis-eQTL analysis. Among 516 SNPs with P<0.05 in the initial GWAS scan, the strongest signals associated with GD and correlated to FCRL3 expression were located at a cluster of SNPs including rs7528684 and rs3761959. And the allele-specific effects for rs3761959 and rs7528684 on FCRL3 expression level revealed that the risk alleles A of rs3761959 and C of rs7528684 were correlated with the elevated expression level of FCRL3 whether in PBMCs or its subsets, especially in CD19(+) B cells and CD8(+) T subsets. Next, the combined analysis with 5,300 GD cases and 4,916 control individuals confirmed FCRL3 was a susceptibility gene of GD in Chinese Han populations, and rs3761959 and rs7528684 met the genome-wide association significance level (P(combined) = 2.27×10(-12) and 7.11×10(-13), respectively). Moreover, the haplotypes with the risk allele A of rs3761959 and risk allele C of rs7528684 were associated with GD risk. Finally, our epigenetic analysis suggested the disease-associated C allele of rs7528684 increased affinity for NF-KB transcription factor. Above data indicated that FCRL3 gene and its proxy SNP rs7528684 may be involved in the pathogenesis of GD by excessive inhibiting B cell receptor signaling and the impairment of suppressing function of Tregs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Yi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Qiong Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Ming Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao-Hui Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, SJTU, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Central Hospital of Xuzhou Affiliated to Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital Affiliated to Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Guo-Yue Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chang-Gui Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Gout Laboratory, Medical School Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ming-Dao Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Lun Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guan-Qi Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Linyi People’s Hospital, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Huai-Dong Song
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Molecular Medicine Center, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University (SJTU) School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to SJTU School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Płoski R, Szymański K, Bednarczuk T. The genetic basis of graves' disease. Curr Genomics 2012; 12:542-63. [PMID: 22654555 PMCID: PMC3271308 DOI: 10.2174/138920211798120772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The presented comprehensive review of current knowledge about genetic factors predisposing to Graves’ disease (GD) put emphasis on functional significance of observed associations. In particular, we discuss recent efforts aimed at refining diseases associations found within the HLA complex and implicating HLA class I as well as HLA-DPB1 loci. We summarize data regarding non-HLA genes such as PTPN22, CTLA4, CD40, TSHR and TG which have been extensively studied in respect to their role in GD. We review recent findings implicating variants of FCRL3 (gene for FC receptor-like-3 protein), SCGB3A2 (gene for secretory uteroglobin-related protein 1- UGRP1) as well as other unverified possible candidate genes for GD selected through their documented association with type 1 diabetes mellitus: Tenr–IL2–IL21, CAPSL (encoding calcyphosine-like protein), IFIH1(gene for interferon-induced helicase C domain 1), AFF3, CD226 and PTPN2. We also review reports on association of skewed X chromosome inactivation and fetal microchimerism with GD. Finally we discuss issues of genotype-phenotype correlations in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Płoski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Biostructure, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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Brand OJ, Gough SCL. Immunogenetic mechanisms leading to thyroid autoimmunity: recent advances in identifying susceptibility genes and regions. Curr Genomics 2012; 12:526-41. [PMID: 22654554 PMCID: PMC3271307 DOI: 10.2174/138920211798120790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/27/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) include Graves’ disease (GD) and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (HT), which are characterised by a breakdown in immune tolerance to thyroid antigens. Unravelling the genetic architecture of AITD is vital to better understanding of AITD pathogenesis, required to advance therapeutic options in both disease management and prevention. The early whole-genome linkage and candidate gene association studies provided the first evidence that the HLA region and CTLA-4 represented AITD risk loci. Recent improvements in; high throughput genotyping technologies, collection of larger disease cohorts and cataloguing of genome-scale variation have facilitated genome-wide association studies and more thorough screening of candidate gene regions. This has allowed identification of many novel AITD risk genes and more detailed association mapping. The growing number of confirmed AITD susceptibility loci, implicates a number of putative disease mechanisms most of which are tightly linked with aspects of immune system function. The unprecedented advances in genetic study will allow future studies to identify further novel disease risk genes and to identify aetiological variants within specific gene regions, which will undoubtedly lead to a better understanding of AITD patho-physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Brand
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
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Yin X, Latif R, Bahn R, Davies TF. Genetic profiling in Graves' disease: further evidence for lack of a distinct genetic contribution to Graves' ophthalmopathy. Thyroid 2012; 22:730-6. [PMID: 22663548 PMCID: PMC3387758 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Graves' disease (GD), including Graves' ophthalmopathy or orbitopathy (GO), is an autoimmune disease with an environmental and genetic component to its etiology. The genetic contribution to the GO clinical phenotype remains unclear. Previous data from our laboratory and others have suggested that GO has no specific genetic component distinct from GD itself, while other reports have occasionally appeared suggesting that polymorphisms in genes such as CTLA4 and IL23R specifically increase the risk for GO. One of the criticisms of all these reports has been the clinical definition of the GO phenotype as distinct from hyperthyroid GD devoid of clinically significant eye involvement. The objective of this study was to take advantage of a phenotypically pure group of GD patients with GO and examine a series of genes associated with GD to determine if any were more definitively associated with GO rather than Graves' thyroid disease itself. METHODS To further examine whether specific susceptibility genes are associated with GO, we have performed further genetic association studies using highly characterized GO patients, many of whom had undergone orbital decompression surgery for their exophthalmos. We genotyped HLA, CTLA4, IL23R, and TSHR genes in a group of 256 Caucasian patients with severe GO (n=199) and less severe GO (n=57), and 90 patients with GD but no clinically apparent GO. RESULTS We found that the allele and genotype frequencies were not statistically different between GO and non-GO patients for any of the genes and gene combinations assessed. CONCLUSIONS These results provide further evidence that patients with GO do not have a distinct genetic susceptibility to their eye disease and again suggest that environmental and/or epigenetic influences are at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Yin
- Thyroid Research Unit, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, New York 10468, USA.
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47
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Genetic factors of autoimmune thyroid diseases in Japanese. Autoimmune Dis 2012; 2012:236981. [PMID: 22242199 PMCID: PMC3254007 DOI: 10.1155/2012/236981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), including Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), are caused by immune response to self-thyroid antigens and affect approximately 2–5% of the general population. Genetic susceptibility in combination with external factors, such as smoking, viral/bacterial infection, and chemicals, is believed to initiate the autoimmune response against thyroid antigens. Abundant epidemiological data, including family and twin studies, point to a strong genetic influence on the development of AITDs. Various techniques have been employed to identify genes contributing to the etiology of AITDs, including candidate gene analysis and whole genome screening. These studies have enabled the identification of several loci (genetic regions) that are linked to AITDs, and, in some of these loci, putative AITD susceptibility genes have been identified. Some of these genes/loci are unique to GD and HT and some are common to both diseases, indicating that there is a shared genetic susceptibility to GD and HT. Known AITD-susceptibility genes are classified into three groups: HLA genes, non-HLA immune-regulatory genes (e.g., CTLA-4, PTPN22, and CD40), and thyroid-specific genes (e.g., TSHR and Tg). In this paper, we will summarize the latest findings on AITD susceptibility genes in Japanese.
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Qutob N, Balloux F, Raj T, Liu H, Marion de Procé S, Trowsdale J, Manica A. Signatures of historical demography and pathogen richness on MHC class I genes. Immunogenetics 2011; 64:165-75. [PMID: 21947542 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-011-0576-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The extreme polymorphism of MHC class I has been argued to be driven by balancing selection from pathogens, with the prediction that populations exposed to a wider variety of diseases should have higher diversity. We assembled a global database of allotype frequencies for MHC class I genes and investigated possible drivers of genetic diversity, measured in different ways. We first looked for a decline in diversity with distance from Africa (a consequence of drift during human expansions) and then investigated the link with pathogen richness once the effect of drift had been corrected for. Using heterozygosity, we recovered a clear decline in diversity from Africa and confirmed the positive relationship between genetic diversity and pathogen richness for all three classical MHC class I genes. However, when we considered a sequence-based measure of genetic diversity, the correlation with geographic distance from Africa vanished for HLA-C, and the correlations with pathogen richness for the three MHC class I genes were much weaker. HLA-C is known to consist of two functional classes of allotypes (classified with respect to the 80th residue), which interact with different KIR receptors. While this separation provided some improvement in the fit between genetic diversity and distance from Africa for one class, much clearer and consistent patterns were recovered when we used the 90th residue to separate HLA-C allotypes into two new classes. This suggests that this residue, which is also involved in the binding of KIR, might have had an important evolutionary role that has been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouar Qutob
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK.
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A genome-wide association study identifies two new risk loci for Graves' disease. Nat Genet 2011; 43:897-901. [PMID: 21841780 DOI: 10.1038/ng.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease is a common autoimmune disorder characterized by thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibodies (TRAb) and hyperthyroidism. To investigate the genetic architecture of Graves' disease, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 1,536 individuals with Graves' disease (cases) and 1,516 controls. We further evaluated a group of associated SNPs in a second set of 3,994 cases and 3,510 controls. We confirmed four previously reported loci (in the major histocompatibility complex, TSHR, CTLA4 and FCRL3) and identified two new susceptibility loci (the RNASET2-FGFR1OP-CCR6 region at 6q27 (P(combined) = 6.85 × 10(-10) for rs9355610) and an intergenic region at 4p14 (P(combined) = 1.08 × 10(-13) for rs6832151)). These newly associated SNPs were correlated with the expression levels of RNASET2 at 6q27, of CHRNA9 and of a previously uncharacterized gene at 4p14, respectively. Moreover, we identified strong associations of TSHR and major histocompatibility complex class II variants with persistently TRAb-positive Graves' disease.
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Gough SCL, Simmonds MJ. The HLA Region and Autoimmune Disease: Associations and Mechanisms of Action. Curr Genomics 2011; 8:453-65. [PMID: 19412418 PMCID: PMC2647156 DOI: 10.2174/138920207783591690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/19/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The HLA region encodes several molecules that play key roles in the immune system. Strong association between the HLA region and autoimmune disease (AID) has been established for over fifty years. Association of components of the HLA class II encoded HLA-DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotype has been detected with several AIDs, including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes and Graves' disease. Molecules encoded by this region play a key role in exogenous antigen presentation to CD4+ Th cells, indicating the importance of this pathway in AID initiation and progression. Although other components of the HLA class I and III regions have also been investigated for association with AID, apart from the association of HLA-B*27 with ankylosing spondylitis, it has been difficult to determine additional susceptibility loci independent of the strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the HLA class II genes. Recent advances in the statistical analysis of LD and the recruitment of large AID datasets have allowed investigation of the HLA class I and III regions to be re-visited. Association of the HLA class I region, independent of known HLA class II effects, has now been detected for several AIDs, including strong association of HLA-B with type 1 diabetes and HLA-C with multiple sclerosis and Graves' disease. These results provide further evidence of a possible role for bacterial or viral infection and CD8+ T cells in AID onset. The advances being made in determining the primary associations within the HLA region and AIDs will not only increase our understanding of the mechanisms behind disease pathogenesis but may also aid in the development of novel therapeutic targets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C L Gough
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Institute of Biomedical Research, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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