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Gladkikh BP, Danilov DV, D’yachenko VS, Butov GM. 1,3-Dichloroadamantyl-Containing Ureas as Potential Triple Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase, p38 MAPK and c-Raf. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:338. [PMID: 38203510 PMCID: PMC10779153 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of bioactive lipid signaling molecules. sEH converts epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EET) to virtually inactive dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET). The first acids are "medicinal" molecules, the second increase the inflammatory infiltration of cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPKs) are key protein kinases involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an important role in the regulation of cellular processes, especially inflammation. The proto-oncogenic serine/threonine protein kinase Raf (c-Raf) is a major component of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway: ERK1/2 signaling. Normal cellular Raf genes can also mutate and become oncogenes, overloading the activity of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2. The development of multitarget inhibitors is a promising strategy for the treatment of socially dangerous diseases. We synthesized 1,3-disubstituted ureas and diureas containing a dichloroadamantyl moiety. The results of computational methods show that soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors can act on two more targets in different signaling pathways of mitogen-activated protein kinases p38 MAPK and c-Raf. The two chlorine atoms in the adamantyl moiety may provide additional Cl-π interactions in the active site of human sEH. Molecular dynamics studies have shown that the stability of ligand-protein complexes largely depends on the "spacer effect." The compound containing a bridge between the chloroadamantyl fragment and the ureide group forms more stable ligand-protein complexes with sEH and p38 MAPK, which indicates a better conformational ability of the molecule in the active sites of these targets. In turn, a compound containing two chlorine atoms forms a more stable complex with c-Raf, probably due to the presence of additional halogen bonds of chlorine atoms with amino acid residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris P. Gladkikh
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Dmitry V. Danilov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
| | - Vladimir S. D’yachenko
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
| | - Gennady M. Butov
- Department of Technology of Organic and Petrochemical Synthesis, Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd 400005, Russia; (B.P.G.); (D.V.D.); (G.M.B.)
- Department of Chemistry, Technology and Equipment of Chemical Industry, Volzhsky Polytechnic Institute (Branch), Volgograd State Technical University (VSTU), Volzhsky 404121, Russia
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2
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Lim HJ, Prajapati R, Seong SH, Jung HA, Choi JS. Antioxidant and Antineuroinflammatory Mechanisms of Kaempferol-3- O-β-d-Glucuronate on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells through the Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Cascade and MAPK/NF-κB Pathway. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:6538-6549. [PMID: 36844518 PMCID: PMC9948190 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aglycone- and glycoside-derived forms of flavonoids exist broadly in plants and foods such as fruits, vegetables, and peanuts. However, most studies focus on the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycone rather than its glycosylated form. Kaempferol-3-O-β-d-glucuronate (K3G) is a natural flavonoid glycoside obtained from various plants that have several biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the molecular mechanism related to the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory activity of K3G has not yet been demonstrated. The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and antineuroinflammatory effect of K3G against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells and to evaluate the underlying mechanism. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. The inhibition rate of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by DCF-DA assay, Griess assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and western blotting. K3G inhibited the LPS-induced release of nitric oxide, interleukin (IL)-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as the expression of prostaglandin E synthase 2. Additionally, K3G reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) related proteins. Mechanistic studies found that K3G downregulated phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and upregulated the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade. In this study, we demonstrated the effects of K3G on antineuroinflammation by inactivating phosphorylation of MPAKs and on antioxidants by upregulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway through decreasing ROS in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Lim
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
| | - Ritu Prajapati
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hui Seong
- Division
of Natural Products Research, Honam National
Institute of Biological Resource, Mokpo 58762, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Jung
- Department
of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk
National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Institute
of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National
University, Busan 46041, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National
University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Identifying FDA-Approved Drugs that Upregulate Utrophin A as a Therapeutic Strategy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2587:495-510. [PMID: 36401046 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2772-3_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disease caused by mutations and deletions within the DMD gene, which result in a lack of dystrophin protein at the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers. The absence of dystrophin fragilizes the sarcolemma and compromises its integrity during cycles of muscle contraction, which, progressively, leads to reductions in muscle mass and function. DMD is thus a progressive muscle-wasting disease that results in a loss of ambulation, cardiomyopathy , respiratory impairment, and death. Although there is presently no cure for DMD, recent advances have led to many promising treatments. One such approach entails increasing expression of a homologous protein to dystrophin, named utrophin A, which is endogenously expressed in both healthy and DMD muscle fibers. Upregulation of utrophin A all along the sarcolemma of DMD muscle fibers can, in part, compensate for the absence of dystrophin. Over the years, our laboratory has focused a significant portion of our efforts in identifying and characterizing drugs and small molecules for their ability to target utrophin A and cause its overexpression. As part of these efforts, we have recently developed a novel ELISA-based high-throughput drug screen, to identify FDA-approved drugs that increase the expression of utrophin A in muscle cells in culture as well as in dystrophic mice. Here, we describe our overall strategy to identify and characterize several FDA-approved drugs that upregulate utrophin A expression and provide details on all experimental approaches. Such strategy has the potential to lead to the rapid development of novel therapeutics for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Role of Butylphthalide in Immunity and Inflammation: Butylphthalide May Be a Potential Therapy for Anti-Inflammation and Immunoregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7232457. [PMID: 35422893 PMCID: PMC9005281 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7232457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and immunity play an essential role in disease pathogenesis. 3-N-Butylphthalide (NBP), a group of compounds extracted from seeds of Apium graveolens (Chinese celery), has been demonstrated as an efficient and effective therapy for ischemic stroke. The amount of research on NBP protective effect is increasing at pace, such as microcircular reconstruction, alleviating inflammation, ameliorating brain edema and blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitochondrial function protection, antiplatelet aggregation, antithrombosis, decreasing oxidative damage, and reducing neural cell apoptosis. There has been increasing research emphasizing the association between NBP and immunity and inflammation in the past few years. Hence, it is aimed at reviewing the related literature and summarizing the underlying anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory function of NBP in various disorders.
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Du Y, Zhang JY, Gong LP, Feng ZY, Wang D, Pan YH, Sun LP, Wen JY, Chen GF, Liang J, Chen JN, Shao CK. Hypoxia-induced ebv-circLMP2A promotes angiogenesis in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma through the KHSRP/VHL/HIF1α/VEGFA pathway. Cancer Lett 2022; 526:259-272. [PMID: 34863886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
EBV-encoded circular RNA LMP2A (ebv-circLMP2A) was found to be expressed in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC) and associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Angiogenesis is a key step in tumor invasion and metastasis and plays a crucial role in tumor progression. However, it is unclear whether and how ebv-circLMP2A is involved in angiogenesis. In this study, we showed that MVD, HIF1α, and VEGFA expression was increased in EBVaGC mouse xenografts with high expression of ebv-circLMP2A. The expression of ebv-circLMP2A was positively correlated with MVD, HIF1α, and VEGFA expression in clinical samples of EBVaGC. Knockdown of ebv-circLMP2A repressed tube formation and migration of HUVECs and decreased VEGFA and HIF1α expression in cancer cells under hypoxia, while ectopic expression of ebv-circLMP2A reversed these effects. Additionally, knockdown of HIF1α blocked the upregulation of ebv-circLMP2A by hypoxia, and ebv-circLMP2A interacted with KHSRP to enhance KHSRP-mediated decay of VHL mRNA, leading to the accumulation of HIF1α under hypoxia. There was a positive feedback loop between HIF1α and ebv-circLMP2A that promotes angiogenesis under hypoxia. ebv-circLMP2A was essential in regulating tumor angiogenesis in EBVaGC and might provide a valuable therapeutic target for EBVaGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Du
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yue Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Gong
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Deyu Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Hang Pan
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yun Wen
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gao-Feng Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Ning Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Chun-Kui Shao
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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6
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Soblechero-Martín P, López-Martínez A, de la Puente-Ovejero L, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Arechavala-Gomeza V. Utrophin modulator drugs as potential therapies for Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:711-723. [PMID: 33999469 PMCID: PMC8518368 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Utrophin is an autosomal paralogue of dystrophin, a protein whose deficit causes Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD). Utrophin is naturally overexpressed at the sarcolemma of mature dystrophin‐deficient fibres in DMD and BMD patients as well as in the mdx Duchenne mouse model. Dystrophin and utrophin can co‐localise in human foetal muscle, in the dystrophin‐competent fibres from DMD/BMD carriers, and revertant fibre clusters in biopsies from DMD patients. These findings suggest that utrophin overexpression could act as a surrogate, compensating for the lack of dystrophin, and, as such, it could be used in combination with dystrophin restoration therapies. Different strategies to overexpress utrophin are currently under investigation. In recent years, many compounds have been reported to modulate utrophin expression efficiently in preclinical studies and ameliorate the dystrophic phenotype in animal models of the disease. In this manuscript, we discuss the current knowledge on utrophin protein and the different mechanisms that modulate its expression in skeletal muscle. We also include a comprehensive review of compounds proposed as utrophin regulators and, as such, potential therapeutic candidates for these muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soblechero-Martín
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Clinical Laboratory Service, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Bilbao-Basurto Integrated Health Organisation, Basurto University Hospital, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Andrea López-Martínez
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | | | | | - Virginia Arechavala-Gomeza
- Neuromuscular Disorders, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
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7
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Chander Y, Kumar R, Khandelwal N, Singh N, Shringi BN, Barua S, Kumar N. Role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling in virus replication and potential for developing broad spectrum antiviral drugs. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:1-16. [PMID: 33450133 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a key role in complex cellular processes such as proliferation, development, differentiation, transformation and apoptosis. Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs which include extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, p38 proteins, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3) and ERK5. p38 MAPK is activated by a wide range of cellular stresses and modulates activity of several downstream kinases and transcription factors which are involved in regulating cytoskeleton remodeling, cell cycle modulation, inflammation, antiviral response and apoptosis. In viral infections, activation of cell signalling pathways is part of the cellular defense mechanism with the basic aim of inducing an antiviral state. However, viruses can exploit enhanced cell signalling activities to support various stages of their replication cycles. Kinase activity can be inhibited by small molecule chemical inhibitors, so one strategy to develop antiviral drugs is to target these cellular signalling pathways. In this review, we provide an overview on the current understanding of various cellular and viral events regulated by the p38 signalling pathway, with a special emphasis on targeting these events for antiviral drug development which might identify candidates with broad spectrum activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogesh Chander
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.,Department of Biotechnology, GLA University, Mathura, India
| | - Namita Singh
- Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambeshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Brij Nandan Shringi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India
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8
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Pryce BR, Labrèche C, Hamoudi D, Abou-Hamad J, Al-Zahrani KN, Hodgins JJ, Boulanger-Piette A, Bossé S, Balog-Alvarez C, Frénette J, Ardolino M, Kornegay JN, Sabourin LA. Muscle-specific deletion of SLK/Stk2 enhances p38 activity and myogenesis in mdx mice. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2020; 1868:118917. [PMID: 33259860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe muscle wasting disorder characterized by the loss of dystrophin expression, muscle necrosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Ongoing muscle regeneration is impaired by persistent cytokine stress, further decreasing muscle function. Patients with DMD rarely survive beyond their early 20s, with cardiac and respiratory dysfunction being the primary cause of death. Despite an increase in our understanding of disease progression as well as promising preclinical animal models for therapeutic intervention, treatment options for muscular dystrophy remain limited and novel therapeutic targets are required. Many reports suggest that the TGFβ signalling pathway is activated in dystrophic muscle and contributes to the pathology of DMD in part by impairing the differentiation of myoblasts into mature myofibers. Here, we show that in vitro knockdown of the Ste20-like kinase, SLK, can partially restore myoblast differentiation downstream of TGFβ in a Smad2/3 independent manner. In an mdx model, we demonstrate that SLK is expressed at high levels in regenerating myofibers. Muscle-specific deletion of SLK reduced leukocyte infiltration, increased myogenin and utrophin expression and enhanced differentiation. This was accompanied by resistance to eccentric contraction-induced injury in slow fiber type-enriched soleus muscles. Finally, we found that these effects were partially dependent on the upregulation of p38 signalling. Collectively, these results demonstrate that SLK downregulation can restore some aspects of disease progression in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R Pryce
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Cédrik Labrèche
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dounia Hamoudi
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de L'Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Abou-Hamad
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Khalid N Al-Zahrani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan J Hodgins
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Boulanger-Piette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de L'Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sabrina Bossé
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de L'Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cindy Balog-Alvarez
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Jérôme Frénette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de L'Université Laval, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada; Département de Réadaptation, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Joe N Kornegay
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Luc A Sabourin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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9
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Péladeau C, Jasmin BJ. Targeting IRES-dependent translation as a novel approach for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. RNA Biol 2020; 18:1238-1251. [PMID: 33164678 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1847894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal-ribosomal entry sites (IRES) are translational elements that allow the initiation machinery to start protein synthesis via internal initiation. IRESs promote tissue-specific translation in stress conditions when conventional cap-dependent translation is inhibited. Since many IRES-containing mRNAs are relevant to diseases, this cellular mechanism is emerging as an attractive therapeutic target for pharmacological and genetic modulations. Indeed, there has been growing interest over the past years in determining the therapeutic potential of IRESs for several disease conditions such as cancer, neurodegeneration and neuromuscular diseases including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). IRESs relevant for DMD have been identified in several transcripts whose protein product results in functional improvements in dystrophic muscles. Together, these converging lines of evidence indicate that activation of IRES-mediated translation of relevant transcripts in DMD muscle represents a novel and appropriate therapeutic strategy for DMD that warrants further investigation, particularly to identify agents that can modulate their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, and the Eric Poulin Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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10
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Cortez MA, Masrorpour F, Ivan C, Zhang J, Younes AI, Lu Y, Estecio MR, Barsoumian HB, Menon H, Caetano MDS, Ramapriyan R, Schoenhals JE, Wang X, Skoulidis F, Wasley MD, Calin G, Hwu P, Welsh JW. Bone morphogenetic protein 7 promotes resistance to immunotherapy. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4840. [PMID: 32973129 PMCID: PMC7519103 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18617-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system to target cancer cells. However, most patients are resistant to immunotherapies and the mechanisms underlying this resistant is still poorly understood. Here, we report that overexpression of BMP7, a member of the TGFB superfamily, represents a mechanism for resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in preclinical models and in patients with disease progression while on immunotherapies. BMP7 secreted by tumor cells acts on macrophages and CD4+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment, inhibiting MAPK14 expression and impairing pro-inflammatory responses. Knockdown of BMP7 or its neutralization via follistatin in combination with anti-PD1 re-sensitizes resistant tumors to immunotherapies. Thus, we identify the BMP7 signaling pathway as a potential immunotherapeutic target in cancer. The mechanisms underlying resistance to immunotherapy are still poorly understood. Here, the authors show that BMP7, a molecule part of the TGF-beta superfamily, suppresses proinflammatory antitumor responses and may represent a target for overcoming resistance to PD1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Angelica Cortez
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Fatemeh Masrorpour
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed I Younes
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yue Lu
- Epigenetic and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marcos R Estecio
- Epigenetic and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hampartsoum B Barsoumian
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hari Menon
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mauricio da Silva Caetano
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rishab Ramapriyan
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schoenhals
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ferdinandos Skoulidis
- Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mark D Wasley
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - George Calin
- Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Hwu
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James W Welsh
- Departments of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Péladeau C, Adam N, Bronicki LM, Coriati A, Thabet M, Al-Rewashdy H, Vanstone J, Mears A, Renaud JM, Holcik M, Jasmin BJ. Identification of therapeutics that target eEF1A2 and upregulate utrophin A translation in dystrophic muscles. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1990. [PMID: 32332749 PMCID: PMC7181625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15971-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Up-regulation of utrophin in muscles represents a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. We previously demonstrated that eEF1A2 associates with the 5’UTR of utrophin A to promote IRES-dependent translation. Here, we examine whether eEF1A2 directly regulates utrophin A expression and identify via an ELISA-based high-throughput screen, FDA-approved drugs that upregulate both eEF1A2 and utrophin A. Our results show that transient overexpression of eEF1A2 in mouse muscles causes an increase in IRES-mediated translation of utrophin A. Through the assessment of our screen, we reveal 7 classes of FDA-approved drugs that increase eEF1A2 and utrophin A protein levels. Treatment of mdx mice with the 2 top leads results in multiple improvements of the dystrophic phenotype. Here, we report that IRES-mediated translation of utrophin A via eEF1A2 is a critical mechanism of regulating utrophin A expression and reveal the potential of repurposed drugs for treating DMD via this pathway. One potential approach for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dysrophy is to increase expression of the dystrophin homolog utrophin. Here, the authors show that eEF1A2 regulates utrophin expression, and show that 2 FDA-approved drugs upregulate eEIF1A2 and utrophin level in mice, leading to improvement of the dystrophic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nadine Adam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Lucas M Bronicki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Adèle Coriati
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mohamed Thabet
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hasanen Al-Rewashdy
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jason Vanstone
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Alan Mears
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 5B2, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Martin Holcik
- Department of Health Sciences, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada. .,Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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12
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High-throughput identification of post-transcriptional utrophin up-regulators for Duchenne muscle dystrophy (DMD) therapy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2132. [PMID: 32034254 PMCID: PMC7005813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58737-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of endogenous utrophin offers great promise for treating DMD, as it can functionally compensate for the lack of dystrophin caused by DMD gene mutations, without the immunogenic concerns associated with delivering dystrophin. However, post-transcriptional repression mechanisms targeting the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) of utrophin mRNA significantly limit the magnitude of utrophin upregulation achievable by promoter activation. Using a utrophin 5′3′UTR reporter assay, we performed a high-throughput screen (HTS) for small molecules capable of relieving utrophin post-transcriptional repression. We identified 27 hits that were ranked using a using an algorithm that we designed for hit prioritization that we call Hit to Lead Prioritization Score (H2LPS). The top 10 hits were validated using an orthogonal assay for endogenous utrophin expression. Evaluation of the top scoring hit, Trichostatin A (TSA), demonstrated utrophin upregulation and functional improvement in the mdx mouse model of DMD. TSA and the other small molecules identified here represent potential starting points for DMD drug discovery efforts.
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13
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Taniuchi K, Ogasawara M. KHSRP-bound small nucleolar RNAs associate with promotion of cell invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2020; 11:131-147. [PMID: 32010427 PMCID: PMC6968780 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) is an RNA-binding protein implicated in a variety of cellular processes, including splicing in the nucleus and mRNA localization and degradation in the cytoplasm. The present study reports that KHSRP promotes invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. KHSRP was localized in the nucleus and cell protrusions of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Suppression of KHSRP by small interfering RNA decreased the number of cell protrusions and inhibited invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. KHSRP was localized in cytoplasmic RNA granules in pancreatic cancer cells, and RNA immunoprecipitation-sequencing analysis showed that the majority of enriched RNAs that immunoprecipitated with KHSRP were small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Specific KHSRP-bound snoRNAs, SNORA18 and SNORA22, associated with formation of cell protrusions. Consequently, SNORA18 and SNORA22 contributed to cell invasiveness and tumor metastasis. Our results provide insight into the link between KHSRP-bound snoRNAs and invasiveness and metastasis of pancreatic cancers. New therapies that prevent binding of KHSRP with specific snoRNAs may hold significant clinical promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Taniuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan.,Department of Endoscopic Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
| | - Mitsunari Ogasawara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8505, Japan
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14
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Yan M, Sun L, Li J, Yu H, Lin H, Yu T, Zhao F, Zhu M, Liu L, Geng Q, Kong H, Pan H, Yao M. RNA-binding protein KHSRP promotes tumor growth and metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:478. [PMID: 31775888 PMCID: PMC6882349 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) plays an important role in cancer invasion, but the relevant mechanism is not well known. In the present study, we investigated the function and potential molecular mechanism of KHSRP in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis and elucidated its clinical significance. METHODS Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation and the SWATH™ approach were combined with nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis to identify metastasis-associated nucleoproteins in NSCLC. Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to screen for metastasis-associated candidate molecules. Gene knockdown and overexpression were used to investigate their functions and molecular mechanisms in lung cancer cells. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) experiments were performed to identify the interactions between candidate molecules and their interacting proteins. Gene expression and its association with multiple clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot in human lung cancer specimens. RESULTS KHSRP was identified as a metastasis-associated candidate molecule. In NSCLC cell lines, knockdown of KHSRP significantly reduced lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo, whereas overexpression of KHSRP did the opposite. Mechanistically, the protein heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C (C1/C2) (HNRNPC) was identified to interact with KHSRP using Co-IP experiments. In NSCLC cell lines, overexpression of HNRNPC significantly promoted lung cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and in vivo. KHSRP and HNRNPC may induce human lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis by activating the IFN-α-JAK-STAT1 signaling pathway. Drastically higher expression levels of KHSRP and HNRNPC were observed in lung cancer tissues compared to those in adjacent noncancerous tissues. Increased KHSRP and HNRNPC expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stages and metastasis (both lymph node and distant). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that patients with high KHSRP and HNRNPC expression levels were predicted to have the shortest survival times and to have a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS KHSRP plays an important role in NSCLC metastasis and may serve as a potential prognostic marker and novel therapeutic target for lung cancer metastasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Huajian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hechun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Miaoxin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Qin Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hanwei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hongyu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Ming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 25/2200, Xietu Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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15
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Van Pelt DW, Hettinger ZR, Vanderklish PW. RNA-binding proteins: The next step in translating skeletal muscle adaptations? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:654-660. [PMID: 31120811 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00076.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The decline of skeletal muscle mass during illness, injury, disuse, and aging is associated with poor health outcomes. Therefore, it is important to pursue a greater understanding of the mechanisms that dictate skeletal muscle adaptation. In this review, we propose that RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) comprise a critical regulatory node in the orchestration of adaptive responses in skeletal muscle. While RBPs have broadly pleiotropic molecular functions, our discussion is constrained at the outset by observations from hibernating animals, which suggest that RBP regulation of RNA stability and its impact on translational reprogramming is a key component of skeletal muscle response to anabolic and catabolic stimuli. We discuss the limited data available on the expression and functions of RBPs in adult skeletal muscle in response to disuse, aging, and exercise. A model is proposed in which dynamic changes in RBPs play a central role in muscle adaptive processes through their differential effects on mRNA stability. While limited, the currently available data suggest that understanding how adaptive (and maladaptive) changes in the expression of RBPs regulate mRNA stability in skeletal muscle could be an informative and productive research area for finding new strategies to limit atrophy and promote hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Van Pelt
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Zachary R Hettinger
- College of Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Peter W Vanderklish
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
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16
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Kong L, Smith W, Hao D. Overview of RAW264.7 for osteoclastogensis study: Phenotype and stimuli. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:3077-3087. [PMID: 30892789 PMCID: PMC6484317 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis is preserved by the balance of maintaining between the activity of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, investigations for the osteoclastogenesis were hampered by considerable difficulties associated with isolating and culturing osteoclast in vivo. As the alternative, stimuli‐induced osteoclasts formation from RAW264.7 cells (RAW‐OCs) have gain its importance for extensively osteoclastogenic study of bone diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, osteolysis and periodontitis. However, considering the RAW‐OCs have not yet been well‐characterized and RAW264.7 cells are polymorphic because of a diverse phenotype of the individual cells comprising this cell linage, and different fate associated with various stimuli contributions. Thus, in present study, we provide an overview for current knowledge of the phenotype of RAW264.7 cells, as well as the current understanding of the complicated interactions between various stimuli and RAW‐OCs in the light of the recent progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingbo Kong
- Department of Spine, School of Medicine, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanli Smith
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dingjun Hao
- Department of Spine, School of Medicine, Honghui-hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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17
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Zhang CN, Rahimnejad S, Lu KL, Zhou WH, Zhang JL. Molecular characterization of p38 MAPK from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) and its expression after ammonia stress, and lipopolysaccharide and bacterial challenge. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:848-856. [PMID: 30381267 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is an important protein which plays a key role in regulating the innate immunity, so exploring its molecular characterization is helpful in understanding the resistance against microbial infections in cultured fish. Here, a full-length cDNA of p38 MAPK was cloned from liver of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) which covered 2419 bp with an open reading frame of 1086 bp encoding 361 amino acids. p38 MAPK contained the characteristic structures of Thr-Gly-Tyr (TGY) motif and substrate binding site Ala-Thr-Arg-Trp (ATRW), which are conserved in MAPK family. To investigate p38 MAPK functions, two in vivo experiments were carried out to examine its expression following ammonia exposure and bacterial challenge. Also, an in vitro experiment was conducted to assess the role of p38 MAPK in inflammation of primary hepatocytes induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The results showed the ubiquitous expression of p38 MAPK in all the tested tissues with varying levels. p38 MAPK mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by ammonia stress and Aeromonas hydrophila challenge, and altered in a time-dependent manner. Moreover, the results indicated that the inflammatory response induced by LPS in hepatocytes is p38 MAPK dependent as knockdown of p38 MAPK using siRNA technology depressed the expression of IL-1β and IL-6. The findings in this study showed that p38 MAPK has anti-stress property, and plays key role in protection against bacterial infection and inflammation in blunt snout bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Nuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
| | - Samad Rahimnejad
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China; University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, Na Sádkách 1780, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Kang-Le Lu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Wen-Hao Zhou
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Ji-Liang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China
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18
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Ng SY, Manta A, Ljubicic V. Exercise biology of neuromuscular disorders. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 43:1194-1206. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) are chronic conditions that affect the neuromuscular system. Many NMDs currently have no cure; however, as more effective therapies become available for NMD patients, these individuals will exhibit improved health and/or prolonged lifespans. As a result, persons with NMDs will likely desire to engage in a more diverse variety of activities of daily living, including increased physical activity or exercise. Therefore, there is a need to increase our knowledge of the effects of acute exercise and chronic training on the neuromuscular system in NMD contexts. Here, we discuss the disease mechanisms and exercise biology of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), and myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1), which are among the most prevalent NMDs in children and adults. Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies are reviewed, with emphasis on the functional outcomes of exercise, as well as on the putative cellular mechanisms that drive exercise-induced remodelling of the neuromuscular system. Continued investigation of the molecular mechanisms of exercise adaptation in DMD, SMA, and DM1 will assist in enhancing our understanding of the biology of these most prevalent NMDs. This information may also be useful for guiding the development of novel therapeutic targets for future pursuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Y. Ng
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alexander Manta
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
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19
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Utrophin haploinsufficiency does not worsen the functional performance, resistance to eccentric contractions and force production of dystrophic mice. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0198408. [PMID: 29879154 PMCID: PMC5991729 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0198408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) compromises the integrity and function of muscle fibers. Skeletal muscles, except the diaphragm, do not undergo progressive degeneration in adult mdx mice due to compensatory mechanisms, including structural protein upregulation. New mouse models, including utrophin haploinsufficient mdx (mdx/utrn+/-) mice, may better recapitulate DMD. Our goal was to determine whether mdx/utrn+/- worsens the mdx phenotype and to characterize the course of the disease on muscle function and contractility at 1, 2, and 5 months of age, which encompass all stages of development relevant to DMD therapy. The functional performances of mdx/utrn+/- mice showed that they are not more affected than mdx/utrn+/+ mice based on downhill treadmill running parameters and subsequent recovery measured by open-field voluntary activity. WT mice ran the entire distance (450 m) on the treadmill, with an additional 561 m during the 4 h of open-field while mdx/utrn+/+ and mdx/utrn+/- mice completed, respectively, 236 m and 273 m on the treadmill and 341 m and 287 m during the open-field period. In addition, isolated ex vivo contractile properties and repeated eccentric contractions showed that mdx/utrn+/- does not significantly worsen the function of dystrophic EDL muscles, which are mainly composed of fast-twitch fibers that are preferentially affected in DMD. Twitch, absolute tetanic, and specific tetanic forces were very similar in dystrophic EDL muscles from mdx/utrn+/+ and mdx utrn+/- mice at 1, 2, and 5 months of age. Five-month-old mdx/utrn+/+ and mdx/utrn+/- mice lost roughly 50% of their force due to repeated eccentric contractions. Thus, histological, morphological, biochemical functional and contractile observations showed that utrophin haploinsufficiency has a very limited impact on mdx mice.
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20
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Hadwen J, Farooq F, Witherspoon L, Schock S, Mongeon K, MacKenzie A. Anisomycin Activates Utrophin Upregulation Through a p38 Signaling Pathway. Clin Transl Sci 2018; 11:506-512. [PMID: 29877606 PMCID: PMC6132359 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a recessive X‐linked disease characterized by progressive muscle wasting; cardiac or respiratory failure causes death in most patients by the third decade. The disease is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that lead to a loss of functional dystrophin protein. Although there are currently few treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, previous reports have shown that upregulating the dystrophin paralog utrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse models is a promising therapeutic strategy. We conducted in silico mining of the Connectivity Map database for utrophin‐inducing agents, identifying the p38‐activating antibiotic anisomycin. Treatments of C2C12, undifferentiated murine myoblasts, and mdx primary myoblasts with anisomycin conferred increases in utrophin protein levels through p38 pathway activation. Anisomycin also induced utrophin protein levels in the diaphragm of mdx mice. Our study shows that repositioning small molecules such as anisomycin may prove to have Duchenne muscular dystrophy clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremiah Hadwen
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Faraz Farooq
- Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Luke Witherspoon
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sarah Schock
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kevin Mongeon
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alex MacKenzie
- University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,Apoptosis Research Center, CHEO Research Institute, CHEO, Ottawa, Canada
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21
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Péladeau C, Adam NJ, Jasmin BJ. Celecoxib treatment improves muscle function in mdx mice and increases utrophin A expression. FASEB J 2018; 32:5090-5103. [PMID: 29723037 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800081r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic and progressive neuromuscular disorder caused by mutations and deletions in the dystrophin gene. Although there is currently no cure, one promising treatment for DMD is aimed at increasing endogenous levels of utrophin A to compensate functionally for the lack of dystrophin. Recent studies from our laboratory revealed that heparin treatment of mdx mice activates p38 MAPK, leading to an upregulation of utrophin A expression and improvements in the dystrophic phenotype. Based on these findings, we sought to determine the effects of other potent p38 activators, including the cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor celecoxib. In this study, we treated 6-wk-old mdx mice for 4 wk with celecoxib. Immunofluorescence analysis of celecoxib-treated mdx muscles revealed a fiber type switch from a fast to a slower phenotype along with beneficial effects on muscle fiber integrity. In agreement, celecoxib-treated mdx mice showed improved muscle strength. Celecoxib treatment also induced increases in utrophin A expression ranging from ∼1.5- to 2-fold in tibialis anterior diaphragm and heart muscles. Overall, these results highlight that activation of p38 in muscles can indeed lead to an attenuation of the dystrophic phenotype and reveal the potential role of celecoxib as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of DMD.-Péladeau, C., Adam, N. J., Jasmin, B. J. Celecoxib treatment improves muscle function in mdx mice and increases utrophin A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine J Adam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Inflammation-regulated mRNA stability and the progression of vascular inflammatory diseases. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2687-2699. [PMID: 29109302 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a major medical and socioeconomic burden in developed and developing societies, and will increase with an aging and increasingly sedentary society. Vascular disease and atherosclerotic vascular syndromes are essentially inflammatory disorders, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes play essential roles in the ability of resident vascular and inflammatory cells to adapt to environmental stimuli. The regulation of mRNA translocation, stability, and translation are key processes of post-transcriptional regulation that permit these cells to rapidly respond to inflammatory stimuli. For the most part, these processes are controlled by elements in the 3'-UTR of labile, proinflammatory transcripts. Since proinflammatory transcripts almost exclusively contain AU-rich elements (AREs), this represents a tightly regulated and specific mechanism for initiation and maintenance of the proinflammatory phenotype. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recognize cis elements in 3'-UTR, and regulate each of these processes, but there is little literature exploring the concept that RBPs themselves can be directly regulated by inflammatory stimuli. Conceptually, inflammation-responsive RBPs represent an attractive target of rational therapies to combat vascular inflammatory syndromes. Herein we briefly describe the cellular and molecular etiology of atherosclerosis, and summarize our current understanding of RBPs and their specific roles in regulation of inflammatory mRNA stability. We also detail RBPs as targets of current anti-inflammatory modalities and how this may translate into better treatment for vascular inflammatory diseases.
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Amirouche A, Jahnke VE, Lunde JA, Koulmann N, Freyssenet DG, Jasmin BJ. Muscle-specific microRNA-206 targets multiple components in dystrophic skeletal muscle representing beneficial adaptations. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2017; 312:C209-C221. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00185.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Over the last several years, converging lines of evidence have indicated that miR-206 plays a pivotal role in promoting muscle differentiation and regeneration, thereby potentially impacting positively on the progression of neuromuscular disorders, including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Despite several studies showing the regulatory function of miR-206 on target mRNAs in skeletal muscle cells, the effects of overexpression of miR-206 in dystrophic muscles remain to be established. Here, we found that miR-206 overexpression in mdx mouse muscles simultaneously targets multiple mRNAs and proteins implicated in satellite cell differentiation, muscle regeneration, and at the neuromuscular junction. Overexpression of miR-206 also increased the levels of several muscle-specific mRNAs/proteins, while enhancing utrophin A expression at the sarcolemma. Finally, we also observed that the increased expression of miR-206 in dystrophin-deficient mouse muscle decreased the production of proinflammatory cytokines and infiltration of macrophages. Taken together, our results show that miR-206 acts as a pleiotropic regulator that targets multiple key mRNAs and proteins expected to provide beneficial adaptations in dystrophic muscle, thus highlighting its therapeutic potential for DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Amirouche
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Saint Etienne, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Vanessa E. Jahnke
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Saint Etienne, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - John A. Lunde
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
| | - Nathalie Koulmann
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Bretigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Damien G. Freyssenet
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Saint Etienne, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard J. Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada; and
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Briata P, Bordo D, Puppo M, Gorlero F, Rossi M, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Gherzi R. Diverse roles of the nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP in cell differentiation and disease. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2015; 7:227-40. [PMID: 26708421 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The single-stranded nucleic acid-binding protein KHSRP (KH-type splicing regulatory protein) modulates RNA life and gene expression at various levels. KHSRP controls important cellular functions as different as proliferation, differentiation, metabolism, and response to infectious agents. We summarize and discuss experimental evidence providing a potential link between changes in KHSRP expression/function and human diseases including neuromuscular disorders, obesity, type II diabetes, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Briata
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Domenico Bordo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Margherita Puppo
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Franco Gorlero
- S.C. Ginecologia e Ostetricia Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy.,School of Medicine, DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Martina Rossi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Roberto Gherzi
- Gene Expression Regulation Laboratory, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
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HuR Mediates Changes in the Stability of AChR β-Subunit mRNAs after Skeletal Muscle Denervation. J Neurosci 2015; 35:10949-62. [PMID: 26245959 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1043-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) are heteromeric membrane proteins essential for neurotransmission at the neuromuscular junction. Previous work showed that muscle denervation increases expression of AChR mRNAs due to transcriptional activation of AChR subunit genes. However, it remains possible that post-transcriptional mechanisms are also involved in controlling the levels of AChR mRNAs following denervation. We examined whether post-transcriptional events indeed regulate AChR β-subunit mRNAs in response to denervation. First, in vitro stability assays revealed that the half-life of AChR β-subunit mRNAs was increased in the presence of denervated muscle protein extracts. A bioinformatics analysis revealed the existence of a conserved AU-rich element (ARE) in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of AChR β-subunit mRNA. Furthermore, denervation of mouse muscle injected with a luciferase reporter construct containing the AChR β-subunit 3'UTR, caused an increase in luciferase activity. By contrast, mutation of this ARE prevented this increase. We also observed that denervation increased expression of the RNA-binding protein human antigen R (HuR) and induced its translocation to the cytoplasm. Importantly, HuR binds to endogenous AChR β-subunit transcripts in cultured myotubes and in vivo, and this binding is increased in denervated versus innervated muscles. Finally, p38 MAPK, a pathway known to activate HuR, was induced following denervation as a result of MKK3/6 activation and a decrease in MKP-1 expression, thereby leading to an increase in the stability of AChR β-subunit transcripts. Together, these results demonstrate the important contribution of post-transcriptional events in regulating AChR β-subunit mRNAs and point toward a central role for HuR in mediating synaptic gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Muscle denervation is a convenient model to examine expression of genes encoding proteins of the neuromuscular junction, especially acetylcholine receptors (AChRs). Despite the accepted model of AChR regulation, which implicates transcriptional mechanisms, it remains plausible that such events cannot fully account for changes in AChR expression following denervation. We show that denervation increases expression of the RNA-binding protein HuR, which in turn, causes an increase in the stability of AChR β-subunit mRNAs in denervated muscle. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the contribution of post-transcriptional events in controlling AChR expression in skeletal muscle, and points toward a central role for HuR in mediating synaptic development while also paving the way for developing RNA-based therapeutics for neuromuscular diseases.
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Competing Interactions of RNA-Binding Proteins, MicroRNAs, and Their Targets Control Neuronal Development and Function. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2903-18. [PMID: 26512708 PMCID: PMC4693262 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mechanisms play critical roles in the control of gene expression during neuronal development and maturation as they allow for faster responses to environmental cues and provide spatially-restricted compartments for local control of protein expression. These mechanisms depend on the interaction of cis-acting elements present in the mRNA sequence and trans-acting factors, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) that bind to those cis-elements and regulate mRNA stability, subcellular localization, and translation. Recent studies have uncovered an unexpected complexity in these interactions, where coding and non-coding RNAs, termed competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs), compete for binding to miRNAs. This competition can, thereby, control a larger number of miRNA target transcripts. However, competing RNA networks also extend to competition between target mRNAs for binding to limited amounts of RBPs. In this review, we present evidence that competitions between target mRNAs for binding to RBPs also occur in neurons, where they affect transcript stability and transport into axons and dendrites as well as translation. In addition, we illustrate the complexity of these mechanisms by demonstrating that RBPs and miRNAs also compete for target binding and regulation.
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Péladeau C, Ahmed A, Amirouche A, Crawford Parks TE, Bronicki LM, Ljubicic V, Renaud JM, Jasmin BJ. Combinatorial therapeutic activation with heparin and AICAR stimulates additive effects on utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscles. Hum Mol Genet 2015; 25:24-43. [PMID: 26494902 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddv444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of utrophin A is an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Over the years, several studies revealed that utrophin A is regulated by multiple transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, and that pharmacological modulation of these pathways stimulates utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle. In particular, we recently showed that activation of p38 signaling causes an increase in the levels of utrophin A mRNAs and protein by decreasing the functional availability of the destabilizing RNA-binding protein called K-homology splicing regulatory protein, thereby resulting in increases in the stability of existing mRNAs. Here, we treated 6-week-old mdx mice for 4 weeks with the clinically used anticoagulant drug heparin known to activate p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, and determined the impact of this pharmacological intervention on the dystrophic phenotype. Our results show that heparin treatment of mdx mice caused a significant ∼1.5- to 3-fold increase in utrophin A expression in diaphragm, extensor digitorum longus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles. In agreement with these findings, heparin-treated diaphragm and TA muscle fibers showed an accumulation of utrophin A and β-dystroglycan along their sarcolemma and displayed improved morphology and structural integrity. Moreover, combinatorial drug treatment using both heparin and 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR), the latter targeting 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and the transcriptional activation of utrophin A, caused an additive effect on utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle. These findings establish that heparin is a relevant therapeutic agent for treating DMD, and illustrate that combinatorial treatment of heparin with AICAR may serve as an effective strategy to further increase utrophin A expression in dystrophic muscle via activation of distinct signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Péladeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aatika Ahmed
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adel Amirouche
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara E Crawford Parks
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lucas M Bronicki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vladimir Ljubicic
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Renaud
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Ghosh T, Basu U. Cis-Acting Sequence Elements and Upstream Open Reading Frame in Mouse Utrophin-A 5'-UTR Repress Cap-Dependent Translation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134809. [PMID: 26230628 PMCID: PMC4521823 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Utrophin, the autosomal homologue of dystrophin can functionally compensate for dystrophin deficiency. Utrophin upregulation could therefore be a therapeutic strategy in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) that arises from mutation in dystrophin gene. In contrast to its transcriptional regulation, mechanisms operating at post-transcriptional level of utrophin expression have not been well documented. Although utrophin-A 5'-UTR has been reported with internal ribosome entry site (IRES), its inhibitory effect on translation is also evident. In the present study we therefore aimed to compare relative contribution of cap-independent and cap-dependent translation with mouse utrophin-A 5'-UTR through m7G-capped and A-capped mRNA transfection based reporter assay. Our results demonstrate that cap-independent translation with utrophin-A 5'-UTR is not as strong as viral IRES. However, cap-independent mode has significant contribution as cap-dependent translation is severely repressed with utrophin-A 5'-UTR. We further identified two sequence elements and one upstream open reading frame in utrophin-A 5'-UTR responsible for repression. The repressor elements in utrophin-A 5'-UTR may be targeted for utrophin upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinath Ghosh
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Utpal Basu
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail:
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Tryon LD, Crilly MJ, Hood DA. Effect of denervation on the regulation of mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C228-38. [PMID: 26063705 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00266.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine how the expression of mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam), a protein that governs mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) transcription and replication, is regulated during a state of reduced organelle content imposed by muscle disuse. We measured Tfam expression at 8 h, 16 h, 24 h, 3 days, or 7 days following denervation and hypothesized that decreases in Tfam expression would precede mitochondrial loss. Muscle mass was lowered by 13% and 38% at 3 and 7 days postdenervation, while cytochrome c oxidase activity fell by 33% and 39% at the same time points. Tfam promoter activation in vivo was reduced by 30-65% between 8 h and 3 days of denervation, while Tfam transcript half-life was increased following 8-24 h of denervation. Protein expression of RNA-binding proteins that promote mRNA degradation (CUG repeat-binding protein and K homology splicing regulator protein) was elevated at 3 and 7 days of denervation. Tfam localization within subsarcolemmal mitochondria was reduced after 3 and 7 days of denervation and was associated with suppression of the cytochrome c oxidase type I transcript at 3 days, indicating that denervation impairs both mitochondrial Tfam import and mtDNA transcription during an early period following denervation. These data suggest that putative signals downregulate Tfam transcription during the earliest stages following denervation but are counteracted by increases in Tfam mRNA stability. Import of Tfam into the mitochondrion seems to be the most critical point of regulation of this protein during the early onset of denervation, an impairment of which is coincident with the loss of mitochondria during muscle disuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D Tryon
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew J Crilly
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Hood
- Muscle Health Research Centre, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Agca C, Boldt K, Gubler A, Meneau I, Corpet A, Samardzija M, Stucki M, Ueffing M, Grimm C. Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in Müller glia cells is regulated by a redox-dependent mRNA stability mechanism. BMC Biol 2015; 13:30. [PMID: 25907681 PMCID: PMC4462110 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-015-0137-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoreceptor degeneration is a main hallmark of many blinding diseases making protection of photoreceptors crucial to prevent vision loss. Thus, regulation of endogenous neuroprotective factors may be key for cell survival and attenuation of disease progression. Important neuroprotective factors in the retina include H2O2 generated by injured photoreceptors, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expressed in Müller glia cells in response to photoreceptor damage. Results We present evidence that H2O2 connects to the LIF response by inducing stabilization of Lif transcripts in Müller cells. This process was independent of active gene transcription and p38 MAPK, but relied on AU-rich elements (AREs), which we identified within the highly conserved Lif 3′UTR. Affinity purification combined with quantitative mass spectrometry identified several proteins that bound to these AREs. Among those, interleukin enhancer binding factor 3 (ILF3) was confirmed to participate in the redox-dependent Lif mRNA stabilization. Additionally we show that KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KHSRP) was crucial for maintaining basal Lif expression levels in non-stressed Müller cells. Conclusions Our results suggest that H2O2-induced redox signaling increases Lif transcript levels through ILF3 mediated mRNA stabilization. Generation of H2O2 by injured photoreceptors may thus enhance stability of Lif mRNA and therefore augment neuroprotective LIF signaling during degenerative conditions in vivo. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12915-015-0137-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cavit Agca
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Present address: Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Karsten Boldt
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andrea Gubler
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Isabelle Meneau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Armelle Corpet
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Present address: Center for Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Genetics, University Lyon I, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Marijana Samardzija
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Manuel Stucki
- Department of Gynecology, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Division of Experimental Ophthalmology and Medical Proteome Center, Centre for Ophthalmology, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Christian Grimm
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lab for Retinal Cell Biology, University of Zurich, Wagistrasse 14, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology (ZIHP), University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland. .,Neuroscience Center (ZNZ), University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland.
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Tiedje C, Holtmann H, Gaestel M. The role of mammalian MAPK signaling in regulation of cytokine mRNA stability and translation. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:220-32. [PMID: 24697200 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular-regulated kinases and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases are activated in innate (and adaptive) immunity and signal via different routes to alter the stability and translation of various cytokine mRNAs, enabling immune cells to respond promptly. This regulation involves mRNA elements, such as AU-rich motifs, and mRNA-binding proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), HuR, and hnRNPK-homology (KH) type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP). Signal-dependent phosphorylation of mRNA-binding proteins often alters their subcellular localization or RNA-binding affinity. Furthermore, it could lead to an altered interaction with other mRNA-binding proteins and altered scaffolding properties for mRNA-modifying enzymes, such as deadenylases, polyadenylases, decapping enzymes, poly(A) binding proteins, exo- or endonucleases, and proteins of the exosome machinery. In many cases, this results in unstable mRNAs being stabilized, with their translational arrest being released and cytokine production being stimulated. Hence, components of these mechanisms are potential targets for the modulation of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Tiedje
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Hannover Medical School , Hannover, Germany
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Ravel-Chapuis A, Crawford TE, Blais-Crépeau ML, Bélanger G, Richer CT, Jasmin BJ. The RNA-binding protein Staufen1 impairs myogenic differentiation via a c-myc-dependent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:3765-78. [PMID: 25208565 PMCID: PMC4230783 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-04-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression pattern of Staufen1 during mouse skeletal muscle development is described. Sustained expression of Staufen1 in myoblasts prevents normal differentiation by causing decreases in the expression of key myogenic markers by an SMD-independent mechanism and by promoting the translational regulation of c-myc. Recent work has shown that Staufen1 plays key roles in skeletal muscle, yet little is known about its pattern of expression during embryonic and postnatal development. Here we first show that Staufen1 levels are abundant in mouse embryonic muscles and that its expression decreases thereafter, reaching low levels in mature muscles. A similar pattern of expression is seen as cultured myoblasts differentiate into myotubes. Muscle degeneration/regeneration experiments revealed that Staufen1 increases after cardiotoxin injection before returning to the low levels seen in mature muscles. We next prevented the decrease in Staufen1 during differentiation by generating stable C2C12 muscle cell lines overexpressing Staufen1. Cells overexpressing Staufen1 differentiated poorly, as evidenced by reductions in the differentiation and fusion indices and decreases in MyoD, myogenin, MEF2A, and MEF2C, independently of Staufen-mediated mRNA decay. However, levels of c-myc, a factor known to inhibit differentiation, were increased in C2C12 cells overexpressing Staufen1 through enhanced translation. By contrast, the knockdown of Staufen1 decreased c-myc levels in myoblasts. Collectively our results show that Staufen1 is highly expressed during early stages of differentiation/development and that it can impair differentiation by regulating c-myc, thereby highlighting the multifunctional role of Staufen1 in skeletal muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Ravel-Chapuis
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Tara E Crawford
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Marie-Laure Blais-Crépeau
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Guy Bélanger
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Chase T Richer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Bernard J Jasmin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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Functional roles of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:352371. [PMID: 24771982 PMCID: PMC3977509 DOI: 10.1155/2014/352371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural host defensive process that is largely regulated by macrophages during the innate immune response. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are proline-directed serine and threonine protein kinases that regulate many physiological and pathophysiological cell responses. p38 MAPKs are key MAPKs involved in the production of inflammatory mediators, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). p38 MAPK signaling plays an essential role in regulating cellular processes, especially inflammation. In this paper, we summarize the characteristics of p38 signaling in macrophage-mediated inflammation. In addition, we discuss the potential of using inhibitors targeting p38 expression in macrophages to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Amirouche A, Tadesse H, Miura P, Bélanger G, Lunde JA, Côté J, Jasmin BJ. Converging pathways involving microRNA-206 and the RNA-binding protein KSRP control post-transcriptionally utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 42:3982-97. [PMID: 24371285 PMCID: PMC3973319 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkt1350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several reports have previously highlighted the potential role of miR-206 in the post-transcriptional downregulation of utrophin A in cultured cells. Along those lines, we recently identified K-homology splicing regulator protein (KSRP) as an important negative regulator in the post-transcriptional control of utrophin A in skeletal muscle. We sought to determine whether these two pathways act together to downregulate utrophin A expression in skeletal muscle. Surprisingly, we discovered that miR-206 overexpression in cultured cells and dystrophic muscle fibers causes upregulation of endogenous utrophin A levels. We further show that this upregulation of utrophin A results from the binding of miR-206 to conserved sites located in the 3′-UTR (untranslated region) of KSRP, thus causing the subsequent inhibition of KSRP expression. This miR-206-mediated decrease in KSRP levels leads, in turn, to an increase in the expression of utrophin A due to a reduction in the activity of this destabilizing RNA-binding protein. Our work shows that miR-206 can oscillate between direct repression of utrophin A expression via its 3′-UTR and activation of its expression through decreased availability of KSRP and interactions with AU-rich elements located within the 3′-UTR of utrophin A. Our study thus reveals that two apparent negative post-transcriptional pathways can act distinctively as molecular switches causing repression or activation of utrophin A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Amirouche
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada and Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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D'Arcy CE, Feeney SJ, McLean CA, Gehrig SM, Lynch GS, Smith JE, Cowling BS, Mitchell CA, McGrath MJ. Identification of FHL1 as a therapeutic target for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 23:618-36. [PMID: 24087791 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Utrophin is a potential therapeutic target for the fatal muscle disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). In adult skeletal muscle, utrophin is restricted to the neuromuscular and myotendinous junctions and can compensate for dystrophin loss in mdx mice, a mouse model of DMD, but requires sarcolemmal localization. NFATc1-mediated transcription regulates utrophin expression and the LIM protein, FHL1 which promotes muscle hypertrophy, is a transcriptional activator of NFATc1. By generating mdx/FHL1-transgenic mice, we demonstrate that FHL1 potentiates NFATc1 activation of utrophin to ameliorate the dystrophic pathology. Transgenic FHL1 expression increased sarcolemmal membrane stability, reduced muscle degeneration, decreased inflammation and conferred protection from contraction-induced injury in mdx mice. Significantly, FHL1 expression also reduced progressive muscle degeneration and fibrosis in the diaphragm of aged mdx mice. FHL1 enhanced NFATc1 activation of the utrophin promoter and increased sarcolemmal expression of utrophin in muscles of mdx mice, directing the assembly of a substitute utrophin-glycoprotein complex, and revealing a novel FHL1-NFATc1-utrophin signaling axis that can functionally compensate for dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E D'Arcy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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