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Quan C, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Kulyar MFEA, Gong S, Nawaz S, Ahmed AE, Mo Q, Li J. The autophagy-mediated mechanism via TSC1/mTOR signaling pathway in thiram-induced tibial dyschondroplasia of broilers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:172305. [PMID: 38593872 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Thiram is a member of the dithiocarbamate family and is widely used in agriculture, especially in low-income countries. Its residues lead to various diseases, among which tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in broiler chickens is the most common. Recent studies have also demonstrated that thiram residues may harm human health. Our previous study showed that the activity of the mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) signaling pathway has changed after thiram exposure. In the current study, we investigated the effect of autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway after thiram exposure in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that thiram inhibited the protein expression of mTOR signaling pathway-related genes such as p-4EBP1 and p-S6K1. The analysis showed a significant increase in the expression of key autophagy-related proteins, including LC3, ULK1, ATG5, and Beclin1. Further investigation proved that the effects of thiram were mediated through the downregulation of mTOR. The mTOR agonist MHY-1485 reverse the upregulation of autophagy caused by thiram in vitro. Moreover, our experiment using knockdown of TSC1 resulted in chondrocytes expressing lower levels of autophagy. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that thiram promotes autophagy via the mTOR signaling pathway in chondrogenesis, providing a potential pharmacological target for the prevention of TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuxian Quan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shimeng Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | | | - Saisai Gong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed
- Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Quan Mo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.
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Mason EC, Menon S, Schneider BR, Gaskill CF, Dawson MM, Moore CM, Armstrong LC, Cho O, Richmond BW, Kropski JA, West JD, Geraghty P, Gomperts BN, Ess KC, Gally F, Majka SM. Activation of mTOR signaling in adult lung microvascular progenitor cells accelerates lung aging. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171430. [PMID: 37874650 PMCID: PMC10721153 DOI: 10.1172/jci171430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactivation and dysregulation of the mTOR signaling pathway are a hallmark of aging and chronic lung disease; however, the impact on microvascular progenitor cells (MVPCs), capillary angiostasis, and tissue homeostasis is unknown. While the existence of an adult lung vascular progenitor has long been hypothesized, these studies show that Abcg2 enriches for a population of angiogenic tissue-resident MVPCs present in both adult mouse and human lungs using functional, lineage, and transcriptomic analyses. These studies link human and mouse MVPC-specific mTORC1 activation to decreased stemness, angiogenic potential, and disruption of p53 and Wnt pathways, with consequent loss of alveolar-capillary structure and function. Following mTOR activation, these MVPCs adapt a unique transcriptome signature and emerge as a venous subpopulation in the angiodiverse microvascular endothelial subclusters. Thus, our findings support a significant role for mTOR in the maintenance of MVPC function and microvascular niche homeostasis as well as a cell-based mechanism driving loss of tissue structure underlying lung aging and the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Mason
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Swapna Menon
- Pulmonary Vascular Research Institute Kochi and AnalyzeDat Consulting Services, Kerala, India
| | - Benjamin R. Schneider
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Christa F. Gaskill
- Department of Dermatology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maggie M. Dawson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Camille M. Moore
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Laura Craig Armstrong
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Okyong Cho
- Genomics and Microarray Core, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Anschutz Medical Center, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Bradley W. Richmond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kropski
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - James D. West
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Patrick Geraghty
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Brigitte N. Gomperts
- Translational Research, UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center; Pediatrics Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kevin C. Ess
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabienne Gally
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Susan M. Majka
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
- Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Capik O, Gumus R, Karatas OF. Hypoxia-induced tumor exosomes promote angiogenesis through miR-1825/TSC2/mTOR axis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck 2023; 45:2259-2273. [PMID: 37449548 DOI: 10.1002/hed.27460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is characterized by enhanced angiogenesis resulting in poor prognosis despite improvements in diagnostic/therapeutic techniques. Here, we aimed at investigating potential roles of miR-1825 enclosed in OSCC-derived exosomes on angiogenesis under hypoxic conditions. METHODS Effects of miR-1825 mimic/inhibitor as well as hypoxia-induced tumor derived exosomes on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were evaluated using cell viability, migration/invasion, tube formation, and spheroid-based 3D angiogenesis assays. RESULTS Hypoxic conditions caused significant increase in miR-1825 levels in OSCC cells and hiTDEs. miR-1825 alone and within hiTDEs promoted endothelial cell viability, migration, invasion, and angiogenic potential, which is reversed via inhibition of miR-1825 expression. miR-1825 within hiTDEs altered the angiogenesis potential of HUVEC cells via deregulation of TSC2/mTOR axis. CONCLUSIONS We showed that hypoxia led to OSCC-derived exosome mediated transfer of miR-1825 to HUVECs and enhanced angiogenesis in OSCC in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozel Capik
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Rasim Gumus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Omer Faruk Karatas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Molecular Cancer Biology Laboratory, High Technology Application and Research Center, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Pietrobon A, Stanford WL. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Kidney Lesion Pathogenesis: A Developmental Perspective. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:1135-1149. [PMID: 37060140 PMCID: PMC10356159 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic diversity of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) kidney pathology is enigmatic. Despite a well-established monogenic etiology, an incomplete understanding of lesion pathogenesis persists. In this review, we explore the question: How do TSC kidney lesions arise? We appraise literature findings in the context of mutational timing and cell-of-origin. Through a developmental lens, we integrate the critical results from clinical studies, human specimens, and genetic animal models. We also review novel insights gleaned from emerging organoid and single-cell sequencing technologies. We present a new model of pathogenesis which posits a phenotypic continuum, whereby lesions arise by mutagenesis during development from variably timed second-hit events. This model can serve as a conceptual framework for testing hypotheses of TSC lesion pathogenesis, both in the kidney and in other affected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pietrobon
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - William L. Stanford
- The Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research, Regenerative Medicine Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Wang L, Wang F, Liu K, Long C, Chen Y, Li C, Li L, Liu F, Zhang X, Jing Y, Wang Y, Liang A, Yan H, Zhang H. αB-crystallin/HSPB2 is critical for hyperactive mTOR-induced cardiomyopathy. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8110-8121. [PMID: 34101831 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Even though aberrant mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling is known to cause cardiomyopathy, its underlying mechanism remains poorly understood. Because augmentation of αB-crystallin and hspB2 was presented in the cortical tubers and lymphangioleiomyomatosis of tuberous sclerosis complex patients, we deciphered the role of αB-crystallin and its adjacent duplicate gene, hspB2, in hyperactive mTOR-induced cardiomyopathy. Cardiac Tsc1 deletion (T1-hKO) caused mouse mTOR activation and cardiomyopathy. Overexpression of αB-crystallin and hspB2 was presented in the hearts of these mice. Knockout of αB-crystallin/hspB2 reversed deficient Tsc1-mediated fetal gene expression, mTOR activation, mitochondrial damage, cardiomyocyte vacuolar degeneration, cardiomyocyte size, and fibrosis of T1-hKO mice. These cardiac-Tsc1; αB-crystallin; hspB2 triple knockout (tKO) mice had improved cardiac function, smaller heart weight to body weight ratio, and reduced lethality compared with T1-hKO mice. Even though activated mTOR suppressed autophagy in T1-hKO mice, ablation of αB-crystallin and hspB2 failed to restore autophagy in tKO mice. mTOR inhibitors suppressed αB-crystallin expression in T1-hKO mice and rat cardiomyocyte line H9C2. Starvation of H9C2 cells activated autophagy and suppressed αB-crystallin expression. Since inhibition of autophagy restored αB-crystallin expression in starved H9C2 cells, autophagy is a negative regulator of αB-crystallin expression. mTOR thus stimulates αB-crystallin expression through suppression of autophagy. In conclusion, αB-crystallin and hspB2 play a pivotal role in Tsc1 knockout-related cardiomyopathy and are therapeutic targets of hyperactive mTOR-associated cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Safety Research Center of Injectable Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kemei Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Caifeng Long
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunjia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Safety Research Center of Injectable Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Yan
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Coronary Heart Disease, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Wang L, Tian J, Liu S, Zhang Y, Liu J, Yi Y, Li C, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Pan C, Li G, Xian Z, Liang A. Shuxuening injection, derived from Ginkgo biloba leaf, induced pseudo-allergic reactions through hyperactivation of mTOR. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:581-589. [PMID: 32615844 PMCID: PMC8641670 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2020.1784238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Context: Shuxuening injection (SXNI), derived from the leaf of Ginkgo biloba L. (Ginkgoaceae), is widely used to treat cardio-cerebral vascular system related disease due to the efficacy of dilating the blood vessels and improving the function of microcirculation. Nevertheless, SXNI induces immediate hypersensitivity reactions in clinics and the molecular mechanisms are unknown.Objective: The present study investigates the molecular mechanism of SXNI mediated hypersensitivity reactions.Materials and methods: Naive male ICR mice (n = 10) were administered (i.v.) with negative control combined with Evans blue (EB) (CTL-EB), SXNI (14 or 70 mg/kg) combined with EB (SXNI/1-EB or SXNI/4-EB), vascular leakage was evaluated, ears and lungs were collected for histopathological analysis. In vitro, TSC1 was knockdown in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). HUVECs were incubated with SXNI, and the alterations of endothelial cell permeability were observed. Rapamycin (mTOR inbibitor) was used to investigate SXNI-induced hypersensitivity reactions both in mice and HUVECs.Results: SXNI (70 mg/kg) induced vascular leakage in mice. Slight oedema and microvascular dilation in the ears, and broaden of alveolar septal and monocyte infiltration in the lungs were observed in SXNI (70 mg/kg) treated mice. mTOR inhibitor alleviates SXNI mediated vascular endothelial hyperpermeability both in vitro and in vivo.Discussion and conclusions: SXNI stimulates pseudo-allergic reactions through hyperactivation of mTOR signalling pathway. Our work provides the new molecular mechanism of drug related pseudo-allergic reactions, and a potential drug to prevent and treat SXNI mediated hypersensitivity reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Injection Innovation Center, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Wang L, Li C, Tian J, Liu J, Zhao Y, Yi Y, Zhang Y, Han J, Pan C, Liu S, Deng N, Xian Z, Li G, Zhang X, Liang A. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of Aristolochia manshuriensis induced gastric carcinoma. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2020; 58:98-106. [PMID: 31957525 PMCID: PMC7006638 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2019.1710219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Context: Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom (Aristolochiaceae) (AMK) is known for toxicity and mutagenicity.Objective: The tumorigenic role of AMK has yet to be understood.Materials and methods: AMK extracts were extracted from root crude drug. SD (Sprague Dawley) rats underwent gavage with AMK (0.92 g/kg) every other day for 10 (AMK-10) or 20 (AMK-20) weeks. Stomach samples were gathered for histopathological evaluation, microarray and mRNA analysis.Results: The gastric weight to body weight ratio (GW/BW) is 1.7 in the AMK-10 cohort, and 1.8 in AMK-20 cohort compared to control (CTL) cohort. Liver function was damaged in AMK-10 and AMK-20 rats compared to CTL rats. There were no significant changes of CRE (creatinine) in AMK-10 and AMK-20 rats. Histopathological analysis revealed that rats developed dysplasia in the forestomach in AMK-10 rats, and became gastric carcinoma in AMK-20 rats. Genes including Mapk13, Nme1, Gsta4, Gstm1, Jun, Mgst2, Ggt6, Gpx2, Gpx8, Calml3, Rasgrp2, Cd44, Gsr, Dgkb, Rras, and Amt were found to be critical in AMK-10 and AMK-20 rats. Pik3cb, Plcb3, Tp53, Hras, Myc, Src, Akt1, Gnai3, and Fgfr3 worked in AMK-10 rats, and PDE2a and PDE3a played a pivotal role in AMK-20 rats.Discussion and conclusions: AMK induced benign or malignant gastric tumours depends on the period of AMK administration. Genes including Mapk13, Nme1, Gsta4, Gstm1, Jun, Mgst2, Ggt6, Gpx2, Gpx8, Calml3, Rasgrp2, Cd44, Gsr, Dgkb, Rras, Amt, Pik3cb, Plcb3, Tp53, Hras, Myc, Src, Akt1, Gnai3, Fgfr3, PDE2a, and PDE3a were found to be critical in aristolochic acid-induced gastric tumour process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiayin Han
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Pan
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Suyan Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nuo Deng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong Xian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Blood Products Engineering Research and Development Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Aihua Liang Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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8
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Rethineswaran VK, Kim YJ, Jang WB, Ji ST, Kang S, Kim DY, Park JH, Van LTH, Giang LTT, Ha JS, Yun J, Lee DH, Yu SN, Park SG, Ahn SC, Kwon SM. Enzyme-Aided Extraction of Fucoidan by AMG Augments the Functionality of EPCs through Regulation of the AKT/Rheb Signaling Pathway. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17070392. [PMID: 31277207 PMCID: PMC6669526 DOI: 10.3390/md17070392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to improve the endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) activation, proliferation, and angiogenesis using enzyme-aided extraction of fucoidan by amyloglucosidase (EAEF-AMG). Enzyme-aided extraction of fucoidan by AMG (EAEF-AMG) significantly increased EPC proliferation by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreasing apoptosis. Notably, EAEF-AMG treated EPCs repressed the colocalization of TSC2/LAMP1 and promoted perinuclear localization of mTOR/LAMP1 and mTOR/Rheb. Moreover, EAEF-AMG enhanced EPC functionalities, including tube formation, cell migration, and wound healing via regulation of AKT/Rheb signaling. Our data provided cell priming protocols to enhance therapeutic applications of EPCs using bioactive compounds for the treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinoth Kumar Rethineswaran
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Woong Bi Jang
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Seung Taek Ji
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Songhwa Kang
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Da Yeon Kim
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Park
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Le Thi Hong Van
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ly Thanh Truong Giang
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jong Seong Ha
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Jisoo Yun
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Dong Hyung Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sun-Nyoung Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sul-Gi Park
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Soon-Cheol Ahn
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Sang-Mo Kwon
- Convergence Stem Cell Research Center, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Laboratory for Vascular Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
- Research Institute of Convergence Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Korea.
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9
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Ozmen A, Kipmen-Korgun D, Korgun ET. Rapamycin administration during normal and diabetic pregnancy effects the mTOR and angiogenesis signaling in the rat placenta. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2019; 48:193-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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10
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a common benign tumor of the kidney. The main complication of AML is retroperitoneal hemorrhage caused by AML rupture, which can be severe and life threatening. The risk of AML rupture used to be determined by tumor size. However, these criteria have been challenged by series of clinical studies and case reports, suggesting prediction AML rupture based on tumor size is not always reliable. METHODS The authors searched PubMed using "angiomyolipoma," "AML," and "rupture" and reviewed relevant studies. The authors investigated the risk factors of AML rupture using the retrieved literature. The authors also summarized current modalities to evaluate and manage AML. RESULTS It is established that risk of AML rupture is associated with lesion size. However, genetic abnormality, aneurysm formation, and pregnancy are also risk factors for tumor rupture. Thus, the prediction of AML rupture should be based on a more comprehensive risk assessment system. The management of renal AML and tumor rupture was also discussed in the present paper. CONCLUSION The risk of AML rupture is associated with but not exclusive to lesion size. Any decision to intervene AML must be based on multiple factors including risk, symptoms, and auxiliary findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Wang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong
| | - Xinyuan Li
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Gou
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Fan
- Department of Urology, Chongqing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing, China
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11
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Živčić-Ćosić S, Mayer K, Đorđević G, Nellist M, Hoogeveen-Westerveld M, Miletić D, Rački S, Klein HG, Trobonjača Z. Severe bleeding complications and multiple kidney transplants in a patient with tuberous sclerosis complex caused by a novel TSC2 missense variant. Croat Med J 2018; 58:416-423. [PMID: 29308833 PMCID: PMC5778681 DOI: 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We presented an extremely severe case of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in a female patient with recurring, life-threatening bleeding complications related to renal angiomyolipomas. Massive intratumoral hemorrhage required surgical removal of both angiomyolipomatous kidneys and kidney transplantation. During the follow-up period, the patient developed severe metrorrhagia that eventually led to hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy. Bleeding from the operative sites caused the loss of the first kidney transplant received from the mother, and immediate hemorrhagic shock led to the loss of the second, cadaveric kidney allograft. The third kidney transplant had a successful outcome. Pathological analysis of all tissue specimens showed TSC-associated lesions and deformed blood vessels in the surgically removed organs. Molecular genetic analysis of TSC1 and TSC2 in the DNA of peripheral leukocytes identified a novel TSC2 c.3599G>C (p.R1200P) variant. Functional assessment confirmed the likely pathogenicity of the TSC2 c.3599G>C (p.R1200P) variant. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the c.3599G>C (p.R1200P) variant in exon 29 of the TSC2 gene related to a severe clinical course and multiple kidney transplants in a patient with TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zlatko Trobonjača
- Zlatko Trobonjača, Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Rijeka School of Medicine, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia,
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12
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Hughes J, Dawson R, Tea M, McAninch D, Piltz S, Jackson D, Stewart L, Ricos MG, Dibbens LM, Harvey NL, Thomas P. Knockout of the epilepsy gene Depdc5 in mice causes severe embryonic dysmorphology with hyperactivity of mTORC1 signalling. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12618. [PMID: 28974734 PMCID: PMC5626732 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12574-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
DEPDC5 mutations have recently been shown to cause epilepsy in humans. Evidence from in vitro studies has implicated DEPDC5 as a negative regulator of mTORC1 during amino acid insufficiency as part of the GATOR1 complex. To investigate the role of DEPDC5 in vivo we generated a null mouse model using targeted CRISPR mutagenesis. Depdc5 homozygotes display severe phenotypic defects between 12.5-15.5 dpc, including hypotrophy, anaemia, oedema, and cranial dysmorphology as well as blood and lymphatic vascular defects. mTORC1 hyperactivity was observed in the brain of knockout embryos and in fibroblasts and neurospheres isolated from knockout embryos and cultured in nutrient deprived conditions. Heterozygous mice appeared to be normal and we found no evidence of increased susceptibility to seizures or tumorigenesis. Together, these data support mTORC1 hyperactivation as the likely pathogenic mechanism that underpins DEPDC5 loss of function in humans and highlights the potential utility of mTORC1 inhibitors in the treatment of DEPDC5-associated epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Hughes
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Ruby Dawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Melinda Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5000, Australia
| | - Dale McAninch
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Sandra Piltz
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Dominique Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Laura Stewart
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia
| | - Michael G Ricos
- University of South Australia, Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5000, Australia
| | - Leanne M Dibbens
- University of South Australia, Epilepsy Research Program, School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5000, Australia
| | - Natasha L Harvey
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5000, Australia
| | - Paul Thomas
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia. .,Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, AUS 5005, Australia.
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13
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Klover PJ, Thangapazham RL, Kato J, Wang JA, Anderson SA, Hoffmann V, Steagall WK, Li S, McCart E, Nathan N, Bernstock JD, Wilkerson MD, Dalgard CL, Moss J, Darling TN. Tsc2 disruption in mesenchymal progenitors results in tumors with vascular anomalies overexpressing Lgals3. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28695825 PMCID: PMC5505700 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mTORC1 signaling from TSC1/TSC2 inactivation is found in cancer and causes tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). The role of mesenchymal-derived cells in TSC tumorigenesis was investigated through disruption of Tsc2 in craniofacial and limb bud mesenchymal progenitors. Tsc2cKOPrrx1-cre mice had shortened lifespans and extensive hamartomas containing abnormal tortuous, dilated vessels prominent in the forelimbs. Abnormalities were blocked by the mTORC1 inhibitor sirolimus. A Tsc2/mTORC1 expression signature identified in Tsc2-deficient fibroblasts was also increased in bladder cancers with TSC1/TSC2 mutations in the TCGA database. Signature component Lgals3 encoding galectin-3 was increased in Tsc2-deficient cells and serum of Tsc2cKOPrrx1-cre mice. Galectin-3 was increased in TSC-related skin tumors, angiomyolipomas, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis with serum levels in patients with lymphangioleiomyomatosis correlating with impaired lung function and angiomyolipoma presence. Our results demonstrate Tsc2-deficient mesenchymal progenitors cause aberrant morphogenic signals, and identify an expression signature including Lgals3 relevant for human disease of TSC1/TSC2 inactivation and mTORC1 hyperactivity. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23202.001 Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic condition that causes non-cancerous tumours with lots of blood vessels. It is caused by mutations that inactivate either of two genes known as TSC1 and TSC2. A signalling molecule called mTOR also contributes to the disease, and drugs that block its activity provide some relief for patients. However, mTOR regulates a wide variety of molecules and so researchers are looking for which ones are responsible for the formation of the tumours. Mesenchymal cells produce bone, muscle and other structural tissues in the body. They also support the formation of blood vessels. Mice – which are often used as model animals in health research – also have mesenchymal cells and a gene that is very similar to the human TSC2 gene (known as Tsc2). Klover et al. hypothesized that disrupting the Tsc2 gene specifically in the mesenchymal cells of mice may mimic aspects of tuberous sclerosis complex in humans. The experiments show that disrupting Tsc2 in mesenchymal cells does indeed mimic features of the human disease; the mice had shorter lifespans and they developed many tumours with dilated and winding blood vessels. Treating the mice with a drug that inhibits mTOR caused the tumours to shrink. Further experiments show that the loss of Tsc2 alters the production of many proteins involved metabolism, cell growth and sensing the levels of oxygen. For example, mouse cells that lack Tsc2 produce more of a protein called galectin-3, which appears to help blood vessels and tumours to grow in cancers. Klover et al. also studied tumours from patients with tuberous sclerosis complex and a lung disease that is caused by mutations in TSC2 (called lymphangioleiomyomatosis). The experiments found that many tumours produce higher levels of galactin-3 than normal cells. Bladder cancers with mutations in TSC1 or TSC2 also had higher levels of galectin-3, suggesting that other diseases linked with mutations in these genes may also result in increased production of galectin-3. The findings of Klover et al. suggest that galectin-3 may be a useful marker to assess the severity of tuberous sclerosis complex, lymphangioleiomyomatosis and to detect cancers with mutations in TSC1 or TSC2. The next step is to investigate whether galectin-3 alters blood vessels and tumour growth in these conditions. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23202.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Klover
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Rajesh L Thangapazham
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Jiro Kato
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ji-An Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Stasia A Anderson
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Victoria Hoffmann
- Diagnostic and Research Services Branch, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Wendy K Steagall
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shaowei Li
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Elizabeth McCart
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Neera Nathan
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States.,Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States.,The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- Department of Anatomy Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States.,The American Genome Center, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Thomas N Darling
- Department of Dermatology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, United States
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14
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Ren S, Luo Y, Chen H, Warburton D, Lam HC, Wang LL, Chen P, Henske EP, Shi W. Inactivation of Tsc2 in Mesoderm-Derived Cells Causes Polycystic Kidney Lesions and Impairs Lung Alveolarization. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3261-3272. [PMID: 27768862 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) proteins are critical negative regulators of the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway. Germline mutations of TSC1 or TSC2 cause TSC, affecting multiple organs, including the kidney and lung, and causing substantial morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of organ-specific disease in TSC remain incompletely understood, and the impact of TSC inactivation on mesenchymal lineage cells has not been specifically studied. We deleted Tsc2 specifically in mesoderm-derived mesenchymal cells of multiple organs in mice using the Dermo1-Cre driver. The Dermo1-Cre-driven Tsc2 conditional knockout mice had body growth retardation and died approximately 3 weeks after birth. Significant phenotypes were observed in the postnatal kidney and lung. Inactivation of Tsc2 in kidney mesenchyme caused polycystic lesions starting from the second week of age, with increased cell proliferation, tubular epithelial hyperplasia, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In contrast, Tsc2 deletion in lung mesenchyme led to decreased cell proliferation, reduced postnatal alveolarization, and decreased differentiation with reduced numbers of alveolar myofibroblast and type II alveolar epithelial cells. Two major findings thus result from this model: inactivation of Tsc2 in mesoderm-derived cells causes increased cell proliferation in the kidneys but reduced proliferation in the lungs, and inactivation of Tsc2 in mesoderm-derived cells causes epithelial-lined renal cysts. Therefore, Tsc2-mTOR signaling in mesenchyme is essential for the maintenance of renal structure and for lung alveolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Ren
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China; Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yongfeng Luo
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hui Chen
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - David Warburton
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Hilaire C Lam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Larry L Wang
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Wei Shi
- Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine Program, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
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15
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Wang L, Zhang H, Li C, Yi Y, Liu J, Zhao Y, Tian J, Zhang Y, Wei X, Gao Y, Liang A. Omeprazole Alleviates Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom-Induced Acute Nephrotoxicity. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164215. [PMID: 27716846 PMCID: PMC5055352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochia manshuriensis Kom (AMK) is a member of the Aristolochiaceae family and is a well-known cause of aristolochic acid (AA) nephropathy. In this study, we investigated the potential of omeprazole (OM) to alleviate AMK-induced nephrotoxicity. We found that OM reduced mouse mortality caused by AMK and attenuated AMK-induced acute nephrotoxicity in rats. OM enhanced hepatic Cyp 1a1/2 and renal Cyp 1a1 expression in rats, as well as CYP 1A1 expression in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKCs). HKCs with ectopic CYP 1A1 expression were more tolerant to AA than the control cells. Therefore, OM may alleviate AMK-mediated acute nephrotoxicity through induction of CYP 1A1. We suggest that the coadministration of OM might be beneficial for reducing of AA-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianmei Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunying Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Yi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhuo Tian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yushi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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16
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Bairwa SC, Parajuli N, Dyck JRB. The role of AMPK in cardiomyocyte health and survival. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2016; 1862:2199-2210. [PMID: 27412473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Cellular energy homeostasis is a fundamental process that governs the overall health of the cell and is paramount to cell survival. Central to this is the control of ATP generation and utilization, which is regulated by a complex myriad of enzymatic reactions controlling cellular metabolism. In the cardiomyocyte, ATP generated from substrate catabolism is used for numerous cellular processes including maintaining ionic homeostasis, cell repair, protein synthesis and turnover, organelle turnover, and contractile function. In many instances, cardiovascular disease is associated with impaired cardiac energetics and thus the signalling that regulates pathways involved in cardiomyocyte metabolism may be potential targets for pharmacotherapy designed to help treat cardiovascular disease. An important regulator of cardiomyocyte energy homeostasis is adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is a serine-threonine kinase that functions primarily as a metabolic sensor to coordinate anabolic and catabolic activities in the cell via the phosphorylation of multiple proteins involved in metabolic pathways. In addition to the direct role that AMPK plays in the regulation of cardiomyocyte metabolism, AMPK can also either directly or indirectly influence other cellular processes such as regulating mitochondrial function, post-translation acetylation, autophagy, mitophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and apoptosis. Thus, AMPK is implicated in the control of a wide variety of cellular processes that can influence cardiomyocyte health and survival. In this review, we will discuss the important role that AMPK plays in regulating cardiac metabolism, as well as the additional cellular processes that may contribute to cardiomyocyte function and survival in the healthy and the diseased heart. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of post-translational protein modifications on heart and vascular metabolism edited by Jason R.B. Dyck & Jan. F.C. Glatz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh C Bairwa
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nirmal Parajuli
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jason R B Dyck
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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17
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Marsan E, Ishida S, Schramm A, Weckhuysen S, Muraca G, Lecas S, Liang N, Treins C, Pende M, Roussel D, Le Van Quyen M, Mashimo T, Kaneko T, Yamamoto T, Sakuma T, Mahon S, Miles R, Leguern E, Charpier S, Baulac S. Depdc5 knockout rat: A novel model of mTORopathy. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 89:180-9. [PMID: 26873552 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DEP-domain containing 5 (DEPDC5), encoding a repressor of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway, has recently emerged as a major gene mutated in familial focal epilepsies and focal cortical dysplasia. Here we established a global knockout rat using TALEN technology to investigate in vivo the impact of Depdc5-deficiency. Homozygous Depdc5(-/-) embryos died from embryonic day 14.5 due to a global growth delay. Constitutive mTORC1 hyperactivation was evidenced in the brains and in cultured fibroblasts of Depdc5(-/-) embryos, as reflected by enhanced phosphorylation of its downstream effectors S6K1 and rpS6. Consistently, prenatal treatment with mTORC1 inhibitor rapamycin rescued the phenotype of Depdc5(-/-) embryos. Heterozygous Depdc5(+/-) rats developed normally and exhibited no spontaneous electroclinical seizures, but had altered cortical neuron excitability and firing patterns. Depdc5(+/-) rats displayed cortical cytomegalic dysmorphic neurons and balloon-like cells strongly expressing phosphorylated rpS6, indicative of mTORC1 upregulation, and not observed after prenatal rapamycin treatment. These neuropathological abnormalities are reminiscent of the hallmark brain pathology of human focal cortical dysplasia. Altogether, Depdc5 knockout rats exhibit multiple features of rodent models of mTORopathies, and thus, stand as a relevant model to study their underlying pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Marsan
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Saeko Ishida
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Adrien Schramm
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Weckhuysen
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Muraca
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Sarah Lecas
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Ning Liang
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, F-75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Treins
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, F-75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Mario Pende
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, CS 61431, Paris, France; INSERM, U1151, F-75014 Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Delphine Roussel
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Michel Le Van Quyen
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takehito Kaneko
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Séverine Mahon
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Richard Miles
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Eric Leguern
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Charpier
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Baulac
- INSERM, U1127, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 7225, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013 Paris, France; Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013 Paris, France; Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Public Hospital Network of Paris, Paris, France.
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Wang T, de Kok L, Willemsen R, Elgersma Y, Borst JGG. In vivo synaptic transmission and morphology in mouse models of Tuberous sclerosis, Fragile X syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1, and Costello syndrome. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:234. [PMID: 26190969 PMCID: PMC4490249 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in the rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (Ras)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are responsible for several neurodevelopmental disorders. These disorders are an important cause for intellectual disability; additional manifestations include autism spectrum disorder, seizures, and brain malformations. Changes in synaptic function are thought to underlie the neurological conditions associated with these syndromes. We therefore studied morphology and in vivo synaptic transmission of the calyx of Held synapse, a relay synapse in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) of the auditory brainstem, in mouse models of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), and Costello syndrome. Calyces from both Tsc1+/- and from Fmr1 knock-out (KO) mice showed increased volume and surface area compared to wild-type (WT) controls. In addition, in Fmr1 KO animals a larger fraction of calyces showed complex morphology. In MNTB principal neurons of Nf1+/- mice the average delay between EPSPs and APs was slightly smaller compared to WT controls, which could indicate an increased excitability. Otherwise, no obvious changes in synaptic transmission, or short-term plasticity were observed during juxtacellular recordings in any of the four lines. Our results in these four mutants thus indicate that abnormalities of mTOR or Ras signaling do not necessarily result in changes in in vivo synaptic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wang
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura de Kok
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob Willemsen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ype Elgersma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands ; ENCORE Expertise Center for Neurodevelopmental disorders, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - J Gerard G Borst
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Kong P, Zhang BS, Lei P, Kong XD, Zhang SS, Li D, Zhang Y. Neurotoxicity of cerebro-spinal fluid from patients with Parkinson's disease on mesencephalic primary cultures as an in vitro model of dopaminergic neurons. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:2217-24. [PMID: 25845313 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a degenerative disorder of the central nervous system. In spite of extensive research, neither the cause nor the mechanisms have been firmly established thus far. One assumption is that certain toxic substances may exist in the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) of Parkinson's disease patients. To confirm the neurotoxicity of CSF and study the potential correlation between neurotoxicity and the severity of Parkinson's disease, CSF was added to cultured cells. By observation of cell morphology, changes in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase, the ratio of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells, and the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA and protein, the differences between the two groups were shown. The created in vitro model of dopaminergic neurons using primary culture of mouse embryonic mesencephalic tissue is suitable for the study of neurotoxicity. The observations of the present study indicated that CSF from Parkinson's disease patients contains factors that can cause specific injury to cultured dopaminergic neurons. However, no obvious correlation was found between the neurotoxicity of CSF and the severity of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ben-Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Ping Lei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Dong Kong
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Shi-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Dai Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
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Krummel T, Garnon J, Lang H, Gangi A, Hannedouche T. Percutaneous cryoablation for tuberous sclerosis-associated renal angiomyolipoma with neoadjuvant mTOR inhibition. BMC Urol 2014; 14:77. [PMID: 25258166 PMCID: PMC4177726 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-14-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are frequent in tuberous sclerosis and are responsible for a significant proportion of the morbidity in adulthood, mainly from bleeding complications, which are correlated to the size of the AMLs. We describe the case of a 19-year-old female with multiple bilateral renal angiomyolipomas. Case presentation The renal AMLs measured up to 6 cm in size. She was first treated with a low dose of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor sirolimus (up to 3 mg/day over a 12-month period) and following significant AML size reduction, percutaneous cryoablation was performed. No side-effects of either treatment were reported. At 12 months post-cryoablation, no recurrence of the AML was noted. Conclusion This is the first report of this treatment strategy and the case study reveals that combining a low dose of an mTOR inhibitor with percutaneous cryoablation to treat small tumors mitigates the side-effects while providing a good clinical outcome. This therapeutic approach is a novel tool for the clinician involved in the management of patients with tuberous sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry Krummel
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Strasbourg, France.
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21
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McGee A, Li G, Lu Z, Qiu S. Convergent synaptic and circuit substrates underlying autism genetic risks. FRONTIERS IN BIOLOGY 2014; 9:137-150. [PMID: 24999357 PMCID: PMC4079081 DOI: 10.1007/s11515-014-1298-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a surge of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) over the past decade. While large, high powered genome screening studies of children with ASD have identified numerous genetic risk factors, research efforts to understanding how each of these risk factors contributes to the development autism has met with limited success. Revealing the mechanisms by which these genetic risk factors affect brain development and predispose a child to autism requires mechanistic understanding of the neurobiological changes underlying this devastating group of developmental disorders at multifaceted molecular, cellular and system levels. It has been increasingly clear that the normal trajectory of neurodevelopment is compromised in autism, in multiple domains as much as aberrant neuronal production, growth, functional maturation, patterned connectivity, and balanced excitation and inhibition of brain networks. Many autism risk factors identified in humans have been now reconstituted in experimental mouse models to allow mechanistic interrogation of the biological role of the risk gene. Studies utilizing these mouse models have revealed that underlying the enormous heterogeneity of perturbed cellular events, mechanisms directing synaptic and circuit assembly may provide a unifying explanation for the pathophysiological changes and behavioral endophenotypes seen in autism, although synaptic perturbations are far from being the only alterations relevant for ASD. In this review, we discuss synaptic and circuit abnormalities obtained from several prevalent mouse models, particularly those reflecting syndromic forms of ASD that are caused by single gene perturbations. These compiled results reveal that ASD risk genes contribute to proper signaling of the developing gene networks that maintain synaptic and circuit homeostasis, which is fundamental to normal brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron McGee
- Developmental Neuroscience Program, Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Guohui Li
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Zhongming Lu
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Shenfeng Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Life Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Chen Y, Wang F, Li C, Wang L, Zhang H, Yan H. Acquired Cardiomyopathy Caused by Cardiac Tsc1 Deficiency. J Genet Genomics 2014; 41:73-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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