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Takla M, Keshri S, Rubinsztein DC. The post-translational regulation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) in health and disease. EMBO Rep 2023; 24:e57574. [PMID: 37728021 PMCID: PMC10626434 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202357574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factor that acts as a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis, lysosomal exocytosis, and macro-autophagy. TFEB contributes to a wide range of physiological functions, including mitochondrial biogenesis and innate and adaptive immunity. As such, TFEB is an essential component of cellular adaptation to stressors, ranging from nutrient deprivation to pathogenic invasion. The activity of TFEB depends on its subcellular localisation, turnover, and DNA-binding capacity, all of which are regulated at the post-translational level. Pathological states are characterised by a specific set of stressors, which elicit post-translational modifications that promote gain or loss of TFEB function in the affected tissue. In turn, the resulting increase or decrease in survival of the tissue in which TFEB is more or less active, respectively, may either benefit or harm the organism as a whole. In this way, the post-translational modifications of TFEB account for its otherwise paradoxical protective and deleterious effects on organismal fitness in diseases ranging from neurodegeneration to cancer. In this review, we describe how the intracellular environment characteristic of different diseases alters the post-translational modification profile of TFEB, enabling cellular adaptation to a particular pathological state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Takla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Swati Keshri
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR)University of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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2
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Bielawska M, Warszyńska M, Stefańska M, Błyszczuk P. Autophagy in Heart Failure: Insights into Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:352. [PMID: 37623365 PMCID: PMC10456056 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy, a dynamic and complex process responsible for the clearance of damaged cellular components, plays a crucial role in maintaining myocardial homeostasis. In the context of heart failure, autophagy has been recognized as a response mechanism aimed at counteracting pathogenic processes and promoting cellular health. Its relevance has been underscored not only in various animal models, but also in the human heart. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to understanding the significance of autophagy and unravelling its complex molecular mechanisms. This review aims to consolidate the current knowledge of the involvement of autophagy during the progression of heart failure. Specifically, we provide a comprehensive overview of published data on the impact of autophagy deregulation achieved by genetic modifications or by pharmacological interventions in ischemic and non-ischemic models of heart failure. Furthermore, we delve into the intricate molecular mechanisms through which autophagy regulates crucial cellular processes within the three predominant cell populations of the heart: cardiomyocytes, cardiac fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Finally, we emphasize the need for future research to unravel the therapeutic potential associated with targeting autophagy in the management of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bielawska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Marta Warszyńska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Monika Stefańska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
| | - Przemysław Błyszczuk
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, University Children’s Hospital, Wielicka 265, 30-663 Cracow, Poland; (M.B.)
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland
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3
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Lei Y, Klionsky DJ. Transcriptional regulation of autophagy and its implications in human disease. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:1416-1429. [PMID: 37045910 PMCID: PMC10244319 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01162-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved catabolic pathway that is vital for maintaining cell homeostasis and promoting cell survival under stressful conditions. Dysregulation of autophagy is associated with a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. Therefore, this pathway must be precisely regulated at multiple levels, involving epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and post-translational mechanisms, to prevent inappropriate autophagy activity. In this review, we focus on autophagy regulation at the transcriptional level, summarizing the transcription factors that control autophagy gene expression in both yeast and mammalian cells. Because the expression and/or subcellular localization of some autophagy transcription factors are altered in certain diseases, we also discuss how changes in transcriptional regulation of autophagy are associated with human pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Lei
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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4
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Liu S, Wang T, Cheng Z, Liu J. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification in the pathophysiology of heart failure: a narrative review. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2022; 12:908-925. [PMID: 36605077 PMCID: PMC9808110 DOI: 10.21037/cdt-22-277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective Heart failure is the end-stage of various cardiovascular diseases. Recent progress in molecular biology has facilitated the understanding of the mechanisms of heart failure development at the molecular level. N6-adenosine methylation (m6A) is a post-transcriptional modification of RNA. Recent research work reported that m6A regulates gene expression and subsequently affects the activation of cell signaling pathways related to heart failure. Moreover, m6A regulators like methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) were reported to participate in myocardium hypertrophy. However, the current research work related to the role of m6A participating in the occurrence of heart failure is rare in some aspects like immune cell infiltration and diabetic heart diseases. Thus, it is reasonable to review the current achievements and provide further study orientation. Methods We searched related literature using the keywords: m6A AND heart failure in PubMed, Web of Science and Medline. The language was confined to English. The published year of searched literature ranged from 2012 to 2022. The searched results were put into Endnote software for management. Two authors investigated the searching terms and reviewed the full text of selected terms. Key Content and Findings m6A and its regulators are involved in the metabolism of various types of RNAs. m6A modification can regulate various types of cell signaling pathways related to the heart failure via interaction with m6A regulators. m6A and its regulators broadly participate in the myocardium fibrosis, myocardium hypertrophy, myocardial cell apoptosis, and ischemic reperfusion injury. Specifically, m6A participates in the cell apoptosis via regulation of autophagy flux. However, the current research work does not have enough evidence to prove that m6A regulator played its specific effect on the target transcript via regulating the m6A level. Conclusions m6A and its regulators participates in the progression of heart failure via modifying the RNA level. Future investigation of m6A should focus on the interaction between the m6A regulators and targeted transcript. Besides, the regulation role of m6A in immune cell infiltration and diabetic heart diseases should also be focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tongyu Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zeyi Cheng
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Tedesco B, Ferrari V, Cozzi M, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Pramaggiore P, Mina F, Piccolella M, Cristofani R, Crippa V, Rusmini P, Galbiati M, Poletti A. The role of autophagy-lysosomal pathway in motor neuron diseases. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:1489-1503. [PMID: 36111809 PMCID: PMC9704526 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) include a broad group of diseases in which neurodegeneration mainly affects upper and/or lower motor neurons (MNs). Although the involvement of specific MNs, symptoms, age of onset, and progression differ in MNDs, the main pathogenic mechanism common to most MNDs is represented by proteostasis alteration and proteotoxicity. This pathomechanism may be directly related to mutations in genes encoding proteins involved in the protein quality control system, particularly the autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP). Alternatively, proteostasis alteration can be caused by aberrant proteins that tend to misfold and to aggregate, two related processes that, over time, cannot be properly handled by the ALP. Here, we summarize the main ALP features, focusing on different routes utilized to deliver substrates to the lysosome and how the various ALP pathways intersect with the intracellular trafficking of membranes and vesicles. Next, we provide an overview of the mutated genes that have been found associated with MNDs, how these gene products are involved in different steps of ALP and related processes. Finally, we discuss how autophagy can be considered a valid therapeutic target for MNDs treatment focusing on traditional autophagy modulators and on emerging approaches to overcome their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Cozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Pramaggiore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Mina
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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6
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Jiao F, Zhou B, Meng L. The regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of transcription factor EB in neurodegenerative diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:37-59. [PMID: 36184826 PMCID: PMC9804079 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) is involved in the degradation of protein aggregates and damaged organelles. Transcription factor EB (TFEB), a major regulator of ALP, has emerged as a leading factor in addressing neurodegenerative disease pathology, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), PolyQ diseases, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In this review, we delineate the regulation of TFEB expression and its functions in ALP. Dysfunctions of TFEB and its role in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases are reviewed. We summarize the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of some TFEB-targeted agonists in neurodegenerative diseases. We also offer our perspective on analyzing the pros and cons of these agonists in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases from the perspective of drug development. More studies on the regulatory mechanisms of TFEB in other biological processes will aid our understanding of the application of TFEB-targeted therapy in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjuan Jiao
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Bojie Zhou
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
| | - Lingyan Meng
- School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina,Shandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental HealthJining Medical UniversityJiningChina
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7
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Sujkowski A, Richardson K, Prifti MV, Wessells RJ, Todi SV. Endurance exercise ameliorates phenotypes in Drosophila models of spinocerebellar ataxias. eLife 2022; 11:e75389. [PMID: 35170431 PMCID: PMC8871352 DOI: 10.7554/elife.75389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a potent intervention with widespread benefits proven to reduce disease incidence and impact across species. While endurance exercise supports neural plasticity, enhanced memory, and reduced neurodegeneration, less is known about the effect of chronic exercise on the progression of movement disorders such as ataxias. Here, we focused on three different types of ataxias, spinocerebellar ataxias type (SCAs) 2, 3, and 6, belonging to the polyglutamine (polyQ) family of neurodegenerative disorders. In Drosophila models of these SCAs, flies progressively lose motor function. In this study, we observe marked protection of speed and endurance in exercised SCA2 flies and modest protection in exercised SCA6 models, with no benefit to SCA3 flies. Causative protein levels are reduced in SCA2 flies after chronic exercise, but not in SCA3 models, linking protein levels to exercise-based benefits. Further mechanistic investigation indicates that the exercise-inducible protein, Sestrin (Sesn), suppresses mobility decline and improves early death in SCA2 flies, even without exercise, coincident with disease protein level reduction and increased autophagic flux. These improvements partially depend on previously established functions of Sesn that reduce oxidative damage and modulate mTOR activity. Our study suggests differential responses of polyQ SCAs to exercise, highlighting the potential for more extensive application of exercise-based therapies in the prevention of polyQ neurodegeneration. Defining the mechanisms by which endurance exercise suppresses polyQ SCAs will open the door for more effective treatment for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Kristin Richardson
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Matthew V Prifti
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Robert J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
- Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitUnited States
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8
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Sujkowski A, Hong L, Wessells RJ, Todi SV. The protective role of exercise against age-related neurodegeneration. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 74:101543. [PMID: 34923167 PMCID: PMC8761166 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a widely accessible, low-cost intervention with a variety of benefits to multiple organ systems. Exercise improves multiple indices of physical performance and stimulates pronounced health benefits reducing a range of pathologies including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative disorders. Endurance exercise delays brain aging, preserves memory and cognition, and improves symptoms of neurodegenerative pathologies like Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and various ataxias. Potential mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of exercise include neuronal survival and plasticity, neurogenesis, epigenetic modifications, angiogenesis, autophagy, and the synthesis and release of neurotrophins and cytokines. In this review, we discuss shared benefits and molecular pathways driving the protective effects of endurance exercise on various neurodegenerative diseases in animal models and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson Sujkowski
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Luke Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - R J Wessells
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Neurology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, USA.
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9
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Pan HY, Valapala M. Role of the Transcriptional Repressor Zinc Finger with KRAB and SCAN Domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102504. [PMID: 34685484 PMCID: PMC8534123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are important for proper functioning of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RPE cells have a daily burden of phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and also degrade cellular waste by autophagy. Here, we identified the role of Zinc-finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) in co-ordinate regulation of lysosomal function and autophagy in the RPE. Our studies show that in the RPE, ZKSCAN3 is predominantly nuclear in healthy cells and its nuclear expression is reduced upon nutrient deprivation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ZKSCAN3 results in de-repression of some of the ZKSCAN3 target genes. Knockdown of ZKSCAN3 also resulted in an induction in autophagy flux, increase in the number of functional lysosomes and accompanied activation of lysosomal cathepsin B activity in ARPE-19 cells. We also demonstrated that inhibition of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) retains ZKSCAN3 in the nucleus in nutrient-deprived cells. In summary, our studies elucidated the role of ZKSCAN3 as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy and lysosomal function in the RPE.
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10
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McGrath MJ, Eramo MJ, Gurung R, Sriratana A, Gehrig SM, Lynch GS, Lourdes SR, Koentgen F, Feeney SJ, Lazarou M, McLean CA, Mitchell CA. Defective lysosome reformation during autophagy causes skeletal muscle disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:135124. [PMID: 33119550 PMCID: PMC7773396 DOI: 10.1172/jci135124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of autophagy-dependent lysosome homeostasis in vivo is unclear. We showed that the inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5K regulates autophagic lysosome reformation (ALR), a lysosome recycling pathway, in muscle. INPP5K hydrolyzes phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate [PI(4)P], and INPP5K mutations cause muscular dystrophy by unknown mechanisms. We report that loss of INPP5K in muscle caused severe disease, autophagy inhibition, and lysosome depletion. Reduced PI(4,5)P2 turnover on autolysosomes in Inpp5k–/– muscle suppressed autophagy and lysosome repopulation via ALR inhibition. Defective ALR in Inpp5k–/– myoblasts was characterized by enlarged autolysosomes and the persistence of hyperextended reformation tubules, structures that participate in membrane recycling to form lysosomes. Reduced disengagement of the PI(4,5)P2 effector clathrin was observed on reformation tubules, which we propose interfered with ALR completion. Inhibition of PI(4,5)P2 synthesis or expression of WT INPP5K but not INPP5K disease mutants in INPP5K-depleted myoblasts restored lysosomal homeostasis. Therefore, bidirectional interconversion of PI(4)P/PI(4,5)P2 on autolysosomes was integral to lysosome replenishment and autophagy function in muscle. Activation of TFEB-dependent de novo lysosome biogenesis did not compensate for loss of ALR in Inpp5k–/– muscle, revealing a dependence on this lysosome recycling pathway. Therefore, in muscle, ALR is indispensable for lysosome homeostasis during autophagy and when defective is associated with muscular dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meagan J McGrath
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Eramo
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rajendra Gurung
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Absorn Sriratana
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan M Gehrig
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Physiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonia Raveena Lourdes
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Frank Koentgen
- Ozgene Pty Ltd, Bentley, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra J Feeney
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Lazarou
- Neuroscience Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona A McLean
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina A Mitchell
- Cancer Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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11
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Gromova A, La Spada AR. Harmony Lost: Cell-Cell Communication at the Neuromuscular Junction in Motor Neuron Disease. Trends Neurosci 2021; 43:709-724. [PMID: 32846148 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized synapse that is the point of connection between motor neurons and skeletal muscle. Although developmental studies have established the importance of cell-cell communication at the NMJ for the integrity and full functionality of this synapse, the contribution of this structure as a primary driver in motor neuron disease pathogenesis remains uncertain. Here, we consider the biology of the NMJ and review emerging lines of investigation that are highlighting the importance of cell-cell interaction at the NMJ in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Ongoing research may reveal NMJ targets and pathways whose therapeutic modulation will help slow the progression of motor neuron disease, offering a novel treatment paradigm for ALS, SBMA, SMA, and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Gromova
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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12
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Molecular pathogenesis of spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) and avenues for treatment. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 33:629-634. [PMID: 32773451 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to illustrate the current understanding and avenues for developing treatment in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. RECENT FINDINGS Important advances have been made in characterizing the molecular mechanism of the disease, including the disruption of protein homeostasis, intracellular trafficking and signalling pathways. Biomarkers such as MRI quantification of muscle volume and fat fraction have been used to track disease progression, and will be useful in future clinical studies. Therapies tested and under development have been based on diverse strategies, including targeting mutant AR gene expression, stability and activity, and pathways that mitigate disease toxicity. SUMMARY We provide an overview of the recent advances in understanding the SBMA disease mechanism and highlight efforts to translate these insights into well tolerated and effective therapy.
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13
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Gu M, Jin J, Ren C, Chen X, Pan Z, Wu Y, Tian N, Sun L, Wu A, Gao W, Zhou Y, Lin Z, Zhang X. 20-Deoxyingenol alleviates osteoarthritis by activating TFEB in chondrocytes. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105361. [PMID: 33460793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related degenerative disease and currently cannot be cured. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is one of the major transcriptional factors that regulates autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis. TFEB has been shown to be an effective therapeutic target for many diseases including OA. The current study explores the therapeutic effects of 20-Deoxyingenol (20-DOI) on OA as well as its working mechanism on TFEB regulation. The in vitro study showed that 20-DOI may suppress apoptosis and senescence induced by oxidative stress in chondrocytes; it may also promote the nuclear localization of TFEB in chondrocytes. Knock-down of TFEB compromised the effects of 20-DOI on apoptosis and senescence. The in vivo study demonstrated that 20-DOI may postpone the progression of OA in mouse destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) model; it may also suppress apoptosis and senescence and promote the nuclear localization of TFEB in chondrocytes in vivo. This work suggests that 20-Deoxyingenol may alleviate osteoarthritis by activating TFEB in chondrocytes, while 20-DOI may become a potential drug for OA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbao Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jie Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chenghao Ren
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ximiao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College, Guilin, Guangxi Province, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Liaojun Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Aimin Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zhongke Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China; Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
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14
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Hashizume A, Fischbeck KH, Pennuto M, Fratta P, Katsuno M. Disease mechanism, biomarker and therapeutics for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:1085-1091. [PMID: 32934110 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-322949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a hereditary neuromuscular disorder caused by CAG trinucleotide expansion in the gene encoding the androgen receptor (AR). In the central nervous system, lower motor neurons are selectively affected, whereas pathology of patients and animal models also indicates involvement of skeletal muscle including loss of fast-twitch type 2 fibres and increased slow-twitch type 1 fibres, together with a glycolytic-to-oxidative metabolic switch. Evaluation of muscle and fat using MRI, in addition to biochemical indices such as serum creatinine level, are promising biomarkers to track the disease progression. The serum level of creatinine starts to decrease before the onset of muscle weakness, followed by the emergence of hand tremor, a prodromal sign of the disease. Androgen-dependent nuclear accumulation of the polyglutamine-expanded AR is an essential step in the pathogenesis, providing therapeutic opportunities via hormonal manipulation and gene silencing with antisense oligonucleotides. Animal studies also suggest that hyperactivation of Src, alteration of autophagy and a mitochondrial deficit underlie the neuromuscular degeneration in SBMA and provide alternative therapeutic targets.
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MESH Headings
- 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Adipose Tissue/diagnostic imaging
- Adrenergic beta-Agonists/therapeutic use
- Autophagy
- Biomarkers
- Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/diagnostic imaging
- Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/metabolism
- Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/physiopathology
- Bulbo-Spinal Atrophy, X-Linked/therapy
- Clenbuterol/therapeutic use
- Creatinine/metabolism
- Dutasteride/therapeutic use
- Glycolysis
- Humans
- Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/analogs & derivatives
- Leuprolide/therapeutic use
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Fast-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/metabolism
- Muscle Fibers, Slow-Twitch/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/diagnostic imaging
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/therapeutic use
- Oxidation-Reduction
- RNAi Therapeutics
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Trinucleotide Repeat Expansion
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Hashizume
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Fratta
- Depatment of Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- Department of Neurology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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15
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Cristofani R, Crippa V, Cicardi ME, Tedesco B, Ferrari V, Chierichetti M, Casarotto E, Piccolella M, Messi E, Galbiati M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. A Crucial Role for the Protein Quality Control System in Motor Neuron Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:191. [PMID: 32792938 PMCID: PMC7385251 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are fatal diseases characterized by loss of motor neurons in the brain cortex, in the bulbar region, and/or in the anterior horns of the spinal cord. While generally sporadic, inherited forms linked to mutant genes encoding altered RNA/protein products have also been described. Several different mechanisms have been found altered or dysfunctional in MNDs, like the protein quality control (PQC) system. In this review, we will discuss how the PQC system is affected in two MNDs—spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)—and how this affects the clearance of aberrantly folded proteins, which accumulate in motor neurons, inducing dysfunctions and their death. In addition, we will discuss how the PQC system can be targeted to restore proper cell function, enhancing the survival of affected cells in MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroscience, Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Laboratorio di Biologia Applicata, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEND), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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16
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Autophagy in motor neuron diseases. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 172:157-202. [PMID: 32620242 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Motor neuron diseases (MNDs) are a wide group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the degeneration of a specific neuronal type located in the central nervous system, the motor neuron (MN). There are two main types of MNs, spinal and cortical MNs and depending on the type of MND, one or both types are affected. Cortical MNs innervate spinal MNs and these control a variety of cellular targets, being skeletal muscle their main one which is also affected in MNDs. A correct functionality of autophagy is necessary for the survival of all cellular types and it is particularly crucial for neurons, given their postmitotic and highly specialized nature. Numerous studies have identified alterations of autophagy activity in multiple MNDs. The scientific community has been particularly prolific in reporting the role that autophagy plays in the most common adult MND, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, although many studies have started to identify physiological and pathological functions of this catabolic system in other MNDs, such as spinal muscular atrophy and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. The degradation of selective cargo by autophagy and how this process is altered upon the presence of MND-causing mutations is currently also a matter of intense investigation, particularly regarding the selective autophagic clearance of mitochondria. Thorough reviews on this field have been recently published. This chapter will cover the current knowledge on the functionality of autophagy and lysosomal homeostasis in the main MNDs and other autophagy-related topics in the MND field that have risen special interest in the research community.
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17
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Valentine JM, Li ME, Shoelson SE, Zhang N, Reddick RL, Musi N. NFκB Regulates Muscle Development and Mitochondrial Function. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 75:647-653. [PMID: 30423026 PMCID: PMC7328192 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)κB is a transcription factor that controls immune and inflammatory signaling pathways. In skeletal muscle, NFκB has been implicated in the regulation of metabolic processes and tissue mass, yet its affects on mitochondrial function in this tissue are unclear. To investigate the role of NFκB on mitochondrial function and its relationship with muscle mass across the life span, we study a mouse model with muscle-specific NFκB suppression (muscle-specific IκBα super-repressor [MISR] mice). In wild-type mice, there was a natural decline in muscle mass with aging that was accompanied by decreased mitochondrial function and mRNA expression of electron transport chain subunits. NFκB inactivation downregulated expression of PPARGC1A, and upregulated TFEB and PPARGC1B. NFκB inactivation also decreased gastrocnemius (but not soleus) muscle mass in early life (1-6 months old). Lower oxygen consumption rates occurred in gastrocnemius and soleus muscles from young MISR mice, whereas soleus (but not gastrocnemius) muscles from old MISR mice displayed increased oxygen consumption compared to age-matched controls. We conclude that the NFκB pathway plays an important role in muscle development and growth. The extent to which NFκB suppression alters mitochondrial function is age dependent and muscle specific. Finally, mitochondrial function and muscle mass are tightly associated in both genotypes and across the life span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Valentine
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Mengyao E Li
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Ning Zhang
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Robert L Reddick
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
| | - Nicolas Musi
- Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas
- San Antonio Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, Texas
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18
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Davis AK, Pratt WB, Lieberman AP, Osawa Y. Targeting Hsp70 facilitated protein quality control for treatment of polyglutamine diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:977-996. [PMID: 31552448 PMCID: PMC7137528 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03302-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of nine fatal, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the misfolding and aggregation of mutant proteins containing toxic expansions of CAG/polyQ tracts. The heat shock protein 90 and 70 (Hsp90/Hsp70) chaperone machinery is a key component of cellular protein quality control, playing a role in the regulation of folding, aggregation, and degradation of polyQ proteins. The ability of Hsp70 to facilitate disaggregation and degradation of misfolded proteins makes it an attractive therapeutic target in polyQ diseases. Genetic studies have demonstrated that manipulation of Hsp70 and related co-chaperones can enhance the disaggregation and/or degradation of misfolded proteins in models of polyQ disease. Therefore, the development of small molecules that enhance Hsp70 activity is of great interest. However, it is still unclear if currently available Hsp70 modulators can selectively enhance disaggregation or degradation of misfolded proteins without perturbing other Hsp70 functions essential for cellular homeostasis. This review discusses the multifaceted role of Hsp70 in protein quality control and the opportunities and challenges Hsp70 poses as a potential therapeutic target in polyQ disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Davis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William B Pratt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Yoichi Osawa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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19
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Seranova E, Palhegyi AM, Verma S, Dimova S, Lasry R, Naama M, Sun C, Barrett T, Rosenstock TR, Kumar D, Cohen MA, Buganim Y, Sarkar S. Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Models of Neurodegenerative Disorders for Studying the Biomedical Implications of Autophagy. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:2754-2798. [PMID: 32044344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation process that is essential for cellular survival, tissue homeostasis, and human health. The housekeeping functions of autophagy in mediating the clearance of aggregation-prone proteins and damaged organelles are vital for post-mitotic neurons. Improper functioning of this process contributes to the pathology of myriad human diseases, including neurodegeneration. Impairment in autophagy has been reported in several neurodegenerative diseases where pharmacological induction of autophagy has therapeutic benefits in cellular and transgenic animal models. However, emerging studies suggest that the efficacy of autophagy inducers, as well as the nature of the autophagy defects, may be context-dependent, and therefore, studies in disease-relevant experimental systems may provide more insights for clinical translation to patients. With the advancements in human stem cell technology, it is now possible to establish disease-affected cellular platforms from patients for investigating disease mechanisms and identifying candidate drugs in the appropriate cell types, such as neurons that are otherwise not accessible. Towards this, patient-derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have demonstrated considerable promise in constituting a platform for effective disease modeling and drug discovery. Multiple studies have utilized hiPSC models of neurodegenerative diseases to study autophagy and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of autophagy inducers in neuronal cells. This review provides an overview of the regulation of autophagy, generation of hiPSCs via cellular reprogramming, and neuronal differentiation. It outlines the findings in various neurodegenerative disorders where autophagy has been studied using hiPSC models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Seranova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Adina Maria Palhegyi
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Surbhi Verma
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom; Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Simona Dimova
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Lasry
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Moriyah Naama
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Congxin Sun
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Barrett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Rosado Rosenstock
- Department of Physiological Science, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, 01221-020, Brazil
| | - Dhiraj Kumar
- Cellular Immunology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Malkiel A Cohen
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Yosef Buganim
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, 91120, Israel
| | - Sovan Sarkar
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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20
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Chivet M, Marchioretti C, Pirazzini M, Piol D, Scaramuzzino C, Polanco MJ, Romanello V, Zuccaro E, Parodi S, D’Antonio M, Rinaldi C, Sambataro F, Pegoraro E, Soraru G, Pandey UB, Sandri M, Basso M, Pennuto M. Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor Alteration of Skeletal Muscle Homeostasis and Myonuclear Aggregation Are Affected by Sex, Age and Muscle Metabolism. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020325. [PMID: 32019272 PMCID: PMC7072234 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyglutamine (polyQ) expansions in the androgen receptor (AR) gene cause spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a neuromuscular disease characterized by lower motor neuron (MN) loss and skeletal muscle atrophy, with an unknown mechanism. We generated new mouse models of SBMA for constitutive and inducible expression of mutant AR and performed biochemical, histological and functional analyses of phenotype. We show that polyQ-expanded AR causes motor dysfunction, premature death, IIb-to-IIa/IIx fiber-type change, glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switching, upregulation of atrogenes and autophagy genes and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle, together with signs of muscle denervation at late stage of disease. PolyQ expansions in the AR resulted in nuclear enrichment. Within the nucleus, mutant AR formed 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-resistant aggregates and inclusion bodies in myofibers, but not spinal cord and brainstem, in a process exacerbated by age and sex. Finally, we found that two-week induction of expression of polyQ-expanded AR in adult mice was sufficient to cause premature death, body weight loss and muscle atrophy, but not aggregation, metabolic alterations, motor coordination and fiber-type switch, indicating that expression of the disease protein in the adulthood is sufficient to recapitulate several, but not all SBMA manifestations in mice. These results imply that chronic expression of polyQ-expanded AR, i.e. during development and prepuberty, is key to induce the full SBMA muscle pathology observed in patients. Our data support a model whereby chronic expression of polyQ-expanded AR triggers muscle atrophy through toxic (neomorphic) gain of function mechanisms distinct from normal (hypermorphic) gain of function mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Chivet
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.C.); (D.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Caterina Marchioretti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Pirazzini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Diana Piol
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.C.); (D.P.); (M.J.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
| | - Chiara Scaramuzzino
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy; (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Maria Josè Polanco
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.C.); (D.P.); (M.J.P.)
| | - Vanina Romanello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Emanuela Zuccaro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Parodi
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy; (C.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Maurizio D’Antonio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, OX1 3QX Oxford, UK;
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Soraru
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience (DNS), University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA;
- Division of Child Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Marco Sandri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Manuela Basso
- Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, 38123 Trento, Italy; (M.C.); (D.P.); (M.J.P.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences (DBS), University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (C.M.); (M.P.); (V.R.); (E.Z.); (M.S.)
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), 35129 Padova, Italy
- Myology Center (Cir-Myo), University of Padova, 35129 Padova, Italy; (E.P.); (G.S.)
- Department of Neuroscience and Brain Technologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 16163 Genova, Italy; (C.S.); (S.P.)
- Padova Neuroscience Center (PNC), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39 049 8276069
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Hipolito VEB, Diaz JA, Tandoc KV, Oertlin C, Ristau J, Chauhan N, Saric A, Mclaughlan S, Larsson O, Topisirovic I, Botelho RJ. Enhanced translation expands the endo-lysosome size and promotes antigen presentation during phagocyte activation. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000535. [PMID: 31800587 PMCID: PMC6913987 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that govern organelle adaptation and remodelling remain poorly defined. The endo-lysosomal system degrades cargo from various routes, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. For phagocytes, endosomes and lysosomes (endo-lysosomes) are kingpin organelles because they are essential to kill pathogens and process and present antigens. During phagocyte activation, endo-lysosomes undergo a morphological transformation, going from a collection of dozens of globular structures to a tubular network in a process that requires the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-AKT-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Here, we show that the endo-lysosomal system undergoes an expansion in volume and holding capacity during phagocyte activation within 2 h of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) stimulation. Endo-lysosomal expansion was paralleled by an increase in lysosomal protein levels, but this was unexpectedly largely independent of the transcription factor EB (TFEB) and transcription factor E3 (TFE3), which are known to scale up lysosome biogenesis. Instead, we demonstrate a hitherto unappreciated mechanism of acute organelle expansion via mTOR Complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent increase in translation, which appears to be mediated by both S6Ks and 4E-BPs. Moreover, we show that stimulation of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line with LPS alters translation of a subset but not all of mRNAs encoding endo-lysosomal proteins, thereby suggesting that endo-lysosome expansion is accompanied by functional remodelling. Importantly, mTORC1-dependent increase in translation activity was necessary for efficient and rapid antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Collectively, we identified a previously unknown and functionally relevant mechanism for endo-lysosome expansion that relies on mTORC1-dependent translation to stimulate endo-lysosome biogenesis in response to an infection signal. Activation of phagocytes rapidly expands the endo-lysosomal system and promotes antigen presentation. Endo-lysosome expansion was driven by mTORC1-dependent enhanced translation, revealing regulated translation as a mechanism to remodel membrane organelles in response to external signals and stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria E. B. Hipolito
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Diaz
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristofferson V. Tandoc
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christian Oertlin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes Ristau
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neha Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amra Saric
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon Mclaughlan
- The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ola Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- The Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roberto J. Botelho
- Graduate Program in Molecular Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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22
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Cristofani R, Rusmini P, Galbiati M, Cicardi ME, Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Messi E, Piccolella M, Carra S, Crippa V, Poletti A. The Regulation of the Small Heat Shock Protein B8 in Misfolding Protein Diseases Causing Motoneuronal and Muscle Cell Death. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:796. [PMID: 31427919 PMCID: PMC6688727 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Misfolding protein diseases are a wide class of disorders in which the aberrantly folded protein aggregates accumulate in affected cells. In the brain and in the skeletal muscle, misfolded protein accumulation induces a variety of cell dysfunctions that frequently lead to cell death. In motoneuron diseases (MNDs), misfolded proteins accumulate primarily in motoneurons, glial cells and/or skeletal muscle cells, altering motor function. The deleterious effects of misfolded proteins can be counteracted by the activity of the protein quality control (PQC) system, composed of chaperone proteins and degradative systems. Here, we focus on a PQC system component: heat shock protein family B (small) member 8 (HSPB8), a chaperone induced by harmful stressful events, including proteotoxicity. In motoneuron and muscle cells, misfolded proteins activate HSPB8 transcription and enhance HSPB8 levels, which contributes to prevent aggregate formation and their harmful effects. HSPB8 acts not only as a chaperone, but also facilitates the autophagy process, to enable the efficient clearance of the misfolded proteins. HSPB8 acts as a dimer bound to the HSP70 co-chaperone BAG3, a scaffold protein that is also capable of binding to HSP70 (associated with the E3-ligase CHIP) and dynein. When this complex is formed, it is transported by dynein to the microtubule organization center (MTOC), where aggresomes are formed. Here, misfolded proteins are engulfed into nascent autophagosomes to be degraded via the chaperone-assisted selective autophagy (CASA). When CASA is insufficient or impaired, HSP70 and CHIP associate with an alternative co-chaperone, BAG1, which routes misfolded proteins to the proteasome for degradation. The finely tuned equilibrium between proteasome and CASA activity is thought to be crucial for maintaining the functional cell homeostasis during proteotoxic stresses, which in turn is essential for cell survival. This fine equilibrium seems to be altered in MNDs, like Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), contributing to the onset and the progression of disease. Here, we will review how misfolded proteins may affect the PQC system and how the proper activity of this system can be restored by boosting or regulating HSPB8 activity, with the aim to ameliorate disease progression in these two fatal MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Centro di Eccellenza Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,Centro Interuniversitario Sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Roma Tor Vergata, Milan, Italy
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23
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Song H, Feng X, Zhang H, Luo Y, Huang J, Lin M, Jin J, Ding X, Wu S, Huang H, Yu T, Zhang M, Hong H, Yao S, Zhao Y, Zhang Z. METTL3 and ALKBH5 oppositely regulate m 6A modification of TFEB mRNA, which dictates the fate of hypoxia/reoxygenation-treated cardiomyocytes. Autophagy 2019; 15:1419-1437. [PMID: 30870073 PMCID: PMC6613905 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1586246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA modifications play critical roles in various biological processes. However, no study addresses the role of m6A in macroautophagy/autophagy. Here, we show that m6A modifications are increased in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes and ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-treated mice heart. We found that METTL3 (methyltransferase like 3) is the primary factor involved in aberrant m6A modification. Silencing METTL3 enhances autophagic flux and inhibits apoptosis in H/R-treated cardiomyocytes. However, overexpression of METTL3 or inhibition of the RNA demethylase ALKBH5 has an opposite effect, suggesting that METTL3 is a negative regulator of autophagy. Mechanistically, METTL3 methylates TFEB, a master regulator of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy genes, at two m6A residues in the 3'-UTR, which promotes the association of the RNA-binding protein HNRNPD with TFEB pre-mRNA and subsequently decreases the expression levels of TFEB. Further experiments show that autophagic flux enhanced by METTL3 deficiency is TFEB dependent. In turn, TFEB regulates the expression levels of METTL3 and ALKBH5 in opposite directions: it induces ALKBH5 and inhibits METTL3. TFEB binds to the ALKBH5 promoter and activates its transcription. In contrast, inhibition of METTL3 by TFEB does not involve transcriptional repression but rather downregulation of mRNA stability, thereby establishing a negative feedback loop. Together, our work uncovers a critical link between METTL3-ALKBH5 and autophagy, providing insight into the functional importance of the reversible mRNA m6A methylation and its modulators in ischemic heart disease. Abbreviations: ACTB, actin beta; ALKBH5, alkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase; ANXA5, annexin A5; ATG, autophagy-related; BafA, bafilomycin A1; CASP3, caspase 3; ELAVL1, ELAV like RNA binding protein 1; FTO, FTO, alpha-ketoglutarate dependent dioxygenase; GFP, green fluorescent protein; GST, glutathione S-transferase; HNRNPD, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D; H/R, hypoxia/reoxygenation; I/R, ischemia/reperfusion; LAD, left anterior descending; m6A, N6-methyladenosine; MEFs, mouse embryo fibroblasts; Mer, mutated estrogen receptor domains; METTL3, methyltransferase like 3; METTL14, methyltransferase like 14; mRFP, monomeric red fluorescent protein; MTORC1, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; NMVCs, neonatal mouse ventricular cardiomyocytes; PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PI, propidium iodide; PTMs, post-translational modifications; PVDF, polyvinylidenedifluoride; RIP, RNA-immunoprecipitation; siRNA, small interfering RNA; SQSTM1, sequestosome 1; TFEB, transcription factor EB; TUBA: tublin alpha; WTAP, WT1 associated protein; YTHDF, YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiwen Song
- Longju Medical Research Center; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Feng
- Longju Medical Research Center; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yunmei Luo
- Longju Medical Research Center; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Longju Medical Research Center; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Meihua Lin
- Research Center of Clinical Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfei Jin
- Laboratory of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue Ding
- Department of Cardiology; the First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shujing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The ChengGong Hospital Affiliated to Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - He Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Xiang Ya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Digestive Cancer Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Tian Yu
- Department of Anesthesia, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Mukun Zhang
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Haiou Hong
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC (Anhui Provincial Hospital), Hefei, China
| | - Shihua Yao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research), Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- Longju Medical Research Center; Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Surgery; Robert-Wood-Johnson Medical School University Hospital, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA
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24
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Zhu F, Nair RR, Fisher EMC, Cunningham TJ. Humanising the mouse genome piece by piece. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1845. [PMID: 31015419 PMCID: PMC6478830 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09716-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To better understand human health and disease, researchers create a wide variety of mouse models that carry human DNA. With recent advances in genome engineering, the targeted replacement of mouse genomic regions with orthologous human sequences has become increasingly viable, ranging from finely tuned humanisation of individual nucleotides and amino acids to the incorporation of many megabases of human DNA. Here, we examine emerging technologies for targeted genomic humanisation, we review the spectrum of existing genomically humanised mouse models and the insights such models have provided, and consider the lessons learned for designing such models in the future. Generation of transgenic mice has become routine in studying gene function and disease mechanisms, but often this is not enough to fully understand human biology. Here, the authors review the current state of the art of targeted genomic humanisation strategies and their advantages over classic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhu
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Remya R Nair
- Mammalian Genetics Unit, MRC Harwell Institute, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
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25
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A30P mutant α-synuclein impairs autophagic flux by inactivating JNK signaling to enhance ZKSCAN3 activity in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30755581 PMCID: PMC6372582 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in α-synuclein gene have been linked to familial early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD) with Lewy body pathology. A30P mutant α-synuclein is believed to suppress autophagic progression associated with PD pathogenesis. However, the mechanistic link between A30P mutation and autophagy inhibition in PD remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified that A30P mutant α-synuclein resulted in reduced autophagy flux through promoting the decrease of autophagosomal membrane-associated protein LC3 and the increase of SQSTM1/p62 protein levels in midbrain dopaminergic neuron, due to the transcriptional repressor ZKSCAN3 trafficking from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. Moreover, the results demonstrated that A30P mutant α-synuclein not only decreased the phospho-c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (p-JNK) levels in midbrain dopaminergic neuron but also interfered autophagy without influencing the activities of AMPK and mTOR. Collectively, the present study reveals a novel autophagy inhibition mechanism induced by A30P mutant α-synuclein via transcriptional activation of the ZKSCAN3 in a JNK-dependent manner.
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26
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Impaired Nuclear Export of Polyglutamine-Expanded Androgen Receptor in Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:119. [PMID: 30644418 PMCID: PMC6333819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). Prior studies have highlighted the importance of AR nuclear localization in SBMA pathogenesis; therefore, in this study, we sought to determine the role of AR nuclear export in the pathological manifestations of SBMA. We demonstrate here that the nuclear export of polyQ-expanded AR is impaired, even prior to the formation of intranuclear inclusions of aggregated AR. Additionally, we find that promoting AR export with an exogenous nuclear export signal substantially reduces its aggregation and blocks hormone-induced toxicity. Moreover, we show that these protective effects are conferred by destabilization of the mutant protein due to an increase in proteasomal degradation of the cytoplasmic AR. Despite a growing body of evidence that global disruption of nucleo/cytoplasmic transport occurs in ALS and HD, our data suggest that no such global disruption occurs in models of SBMA; rather, AR-specific mechanisms, including reduced phosphorylation at Serine 650, are likely responsible for the impaired nuclear export of polyQ-expanded AR.
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27
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Cicardi ME, Cristofani R, Crippa V, Ferrari V, Tedesco B, Casarotto E, Chierichetti M, Galbiati M, Piccolella M, Messi E, Carra S, Pennuto M, Rusmini P, Poletti A. Autophagic and Proteasomal Mediated Removal of Mutant Androgen Receptor in Muscle Models of Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:569. [PMID: 31481932 PMCID: PMC6710630 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is an X-linked motoneuron disease (MND) caused by a mutant androgen receptor (AR) containing an elongated polyglutamine (polyQ) tract. ARpolyQ toxicity is triggered by androgenic AR ligands, which induce aberrant conformations (misfolding) of the ARpolyQ protein that aggregates. Misfolded proteins perturb the protein quality control (PQC) system leading to cell dysfunction and death. Spinal cord motoneurons, dorsal root ganglia neurons and skeletal muscle cells are affected by ARpolyQ toxicity. Here, we found that, in stabilized skeletal myoblasts (s-myoblasts), ARpolyQ formed testosterone-inducible aggregates resistant to NP-40 solubilization; these aggregates did not affect s-myoblasts survival or viability. Both wild type AR and ARpolyQ were processed via proteasome, but ARpolyQ triggered (and it was also cleared via) autophagy. ARpolyQ reduced two pro-autophagic proteins expression (BAG3 and VCP), leading to decreased autophagic response in ARpolyQ s-myoblasts. Overexpression of two components of the chaperone assisted selective autophagy (CASA) complex (BAG3 and HSPB8), enhanced ARpolyQ clearance, while the treatment with the mTOR independent autophagy activator trehalose induced complete ARpolyQ degradation. Thus, trehalose has beneficial effects in SBMA skeletal muscle models even when autophagy is impaired, possibly by stimulating CASA to assist the removal of ARpolyQ misfolded species/aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elena Cicardi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristofani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Crippa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Veronica Ferrari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Tedesco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Casarotto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Chierichetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariarita Galbiati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Piccolella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elio Messi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Carra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Centro Interdipartimentale di Neuroscienze e Neurotecnologie (CfNN), Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Neuromuscular Center, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Povo, Italy
| | - Paola Rusmini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Poletti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari (DiSFeB), Dipartimento di Eccellenza 2018-2022, Centro di Eccellenza sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Centro InterUniversitario sulle Malattie Neurodegenerative, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Angelo Poletti
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28
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Zheng G, Zhan Y, Li X, Pan Z, Zheng F, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wu Y, Wang X, Gao W, Xu H, Tian N, Zhang X. TFEB, a potential therapeutic target for osteoarthritis via autophagy regulation. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:858. [PMID: 30154423 PMCID: PMC6113230 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0909-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The blockage of autophagic flux in chondrocytes has been considered as a major reason for the excessive cellular apoptosis and senescence in osteoarthritis (OA) development; however, the molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategy for interrupted autophagic flux is still not clear. Most recently, the transcription factor EB (TFEB) is identified as a master regulator for autophagic flux via initiating the expression of multiple autophagy-related genes and lysosomal biogenesis. This research was performed to confirm whether TFEB expression and activity are impacted in OA development and to confirm the effect of genetic up-regulation of TFEB on autophagic flux and cellular protection in the in vitro and in vivo models of OA. We demonstrated that the expression and nuclear localization of TFEB is decreased in human and mouse OA cartilage as well as in tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)-treated chondrocytes. Applying lentivirus to transfect chondrocytes, we found that TFEB overexpression rescues the TBHP-induced the autophagic flux damage, lysosome dysfunction and protects chondrocyte against TBHP induced apoptosis and senescence; these protections of TFEB are diminished by chloroquine-medicated autophagy inhibition. Our destabilized medial meniscus (DMM) mouse OA model shows that TFEB overexpression ameliorates the surgery-induced cartilage degradation, restrains the apoptosis and senescence of chondrocyte, and enhances the autophagic flux. In summary, our study indicates that the activity of TFEB in chondrocyte is involved in OA development, also TFEB overexpression may be a promising strategy for OA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yu Zhan
- Department of Chemoradiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zongyou Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fanghong Zheng
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zengjie Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yifei Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Weiyang Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huazi Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Naifeng Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthpaedics, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
- Chinese Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine Society, Hong Kong, China.
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29
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TRIM8 regulated autophagy modulates the level of cleaved Caspase-3 subunit to inhibit genotoxic stress induced cell death. Cell Signal 2018; 48:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Chi Y, Xu H, Wang F, Chen X, Shan Z, Sun Y, Fan Q. ZKSCAN3 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2583-2589. [PMID: 30049438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
ZKSCAN3, a zinc-finger transcription factor, which has been shown to be upregulated in several human cancer. However, the expression level, function and mechanism of ZKSCAN3 in breast cancer remains unknown. In the current study, immunohistochemistry, western blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) results showed that ZKSCAN3 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissue compared with normal breast tissue. Through analyzing the clinicopathological characteristics, we demonstrated that positive ZKSCAN3 expression predicted poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. The expression level of ZKSCAN3 protein/mRNA in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) was higher than its expression in normal breast cells (HBL-100). Knocking down ZKSCAN3 via its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion. Western blot analysis showed that ZKSCAN3 silencing lead to significant decreases in the expression of Cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/MMP-9, as well as increases in the expression of Bcl2 Associated X Protein (Bax) in breast cancer cells. Additionally, ZKSCAN3-shRNA expression markedly suppressed tumor growth in breast cancer xenograft mice. Finally, we demonstrated that silencing of ZKSCAN3 was able to inhibit Akt/mTOR signaling pathway by blocking p-Akt and p-mTOR protein expression in breast cancer cells. These results demonstrate that ZKSCAN3 plays a significant role in the progression of breast cancer. Therefore, ZKSCAN3 is a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Chi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Han Xu
- Department of Breast Disease Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhengzheng Shan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Qingxia Fan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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31
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Nath SR, Yu Z, Gipson TA, Marsh GB, Yoshidome E, Robins DM, Todi SV, Housman DE, Lieberman AP. Androgen receptor polyglutamine expansion drives age-dependent quality control defects and muscle dysfunction. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:3630-3641. [PMID: 29809168 DOI: 10.1172/jci99042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has emerged as a critical, disease-relevant target tissue in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, a degenerative disorder of the neuromuscular system caused by a CAG/polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Here, we used RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) to identify pathways that are disrupted in diseased muscle using AR113Q knockin mice. This analysis unexpectedly identified substantially diminished expression of numerous ubiquitin/proteasome pathway genes in AR113Q muscle, encoding approximately 30% of proteasome subunits and 20% of E2 ubiquitin conjugases. These changes were age, hormone, and glutamine length dependent and arose due to a toxic gain of function conferred by the mutation. Moreover, altered gene expression was associated with decreased levels of the proteasome transcription factor NRF1 and its activator DDI2 and resulted in diminished proteasome activity. Ubiquitinated ADRM1 was detected in AR113Q muscle, indicating the occurrence of stalled proteasomes in mutant mice. Finally, diminished expression of Drosophila orthologues of NRF1 or ADRM1 promoted the accumulation of polyQ AR protein and increased toxicity. Collectively, these data indicate that AR113Q muscle develops progressive proteasome dysfunction that leads to the impairment of quality control and the accumulation of polyQ AR protein, key features that contribute to the age-dependent onset and progression of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir R Nath
- Department of Pathology.,Medical Scientist Training Program, and.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Theresa A Gipson
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gregory B Marsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Diane M Robins
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sokol V Todi
- Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David E Housman
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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Cortes CJ, La Spada AR. TFEB dysregulation as a driver of autophagy dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease: Molecular mechanisms, cellular processes, and emerging therapeutic opportunities. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 122:83-93. [PMID: 29852219 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Two decades ago, the recognition of protein misfolding and aggregate accumulation as defining features of neurodegenerative disease set the stage for a thorough examination of how protein quality control is maintained in neurons and in other non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Autophagy, a pathway of cellular self-digestion, has emerged as especially important for CNS proteostasis, and autophagy dysregulation has been documented as a defining feature of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and Huntington's disease (HD). Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is one of the main transcriptional regulators of autophagy, as it promotes the expression of genes required for autophagosome formation, lysosome biogenesis, and lysosome function, and it is highly expressed in CNS. Over the last 7 years, TFEB has received considerable attention and TFEB dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we delineate the current understanding of how TFEB dysregulation is involved in neurodegeneration, highlighting work done on AD, PD, HD, X-linked spinal & bulbar muscular atrophy, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Because TFEB is a central node in defining autophagy activation status, efforts at understanding the basis for TFEB dysfunction are yielding insights into how TFEB might be targeted for therapeutic application, which may represent an exciting opportunity for the development of a treatment modality with broad application to neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza J Cortes
- Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration & Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Albert R La Spada
- Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology, and Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Center for Neurodegeneration & Neurotherapeutics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Castets P, Frank S, Sinnreich M, Rüegg MA. "Get the Balance Right": Pathological Significance of Autophagy Perturbation in Neuromuscular Disorders. J Neuromuscul Dis 2018; 3:127-155. [PMID: 27854220 PMCID: PMC5271579 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has revealed that autophagy, a major catabolic process in cells, is dysregulated in several neuromuscular diseases and contributes to the muscle wasting caused by non-muscle disorders (e.g. cancer cachexia) or during aging (i.e. sarcopenia). From there, the idea arose to interfere with autophagy or manipulate its regulatory signalling to help restore muscle homeostasis and attenuate disease progression. The major difficulty for the development of therapeutic strategies is to restore a balanced autophagic flux, due to the dynamic nature of autophagy. Thus, it is essential to better understand the mechanisms and identify the signalling pathways at play in the control of autophagy in skeletal muscle. A comprehensive analysis of the autophagic flux and of the causes of its dysregulation is required to assess the pathogenic role of autophagy in diseased muscle. Furthermore, it is essential that experiments distinguish between primary dysregulation of autophagy (prior to disease onset) and impairments as a consequence of the pathology. Of note, in most muscle disorders, autophagy perturbation is not caused by genetic modification of an autophagy-related protein, but rather through indirect alteration of regulatory signalling or lysosomal function. In this review, we will present the mechanisms involved in autophagy, and those ensuring its tight regulation in skeletal muscle. We will then discuss as to how autophagy dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of neuromuscular disorders and possible ways to interfere with this process to limit disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Frank
- Institute of Pathology, Division of Neuropathology Basel University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Sinnreich
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Departments of Neurology and Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, Basel, Switzerland
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ZKSCAN3 promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Oncotarget 2018; 7:53599-53610. [PMID: 27447553 PMCID: PMC5288208 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The expression status of ZKSCAN3, a zinc-finger transcription factor containing KRAB and SCAN domains, as well as its biological significance, in human bladder cancer remains largely unknown. In the current study, we aimed to determine the functional role of ZKSCAN3 in bladder cancer progression. Immunohistochemistry in tissue specimens detected ZKSCAN3 signals in 138 (93.2%) of 148 urothelial neoplasms, which was significantly higher than in non-neoplastic urothelial tissues [76 (84.4%) of 90; P=0.044]. Correspondingly, the levels of ZKSCAN3 gene were significantly elevated in bladder tumors, compared with those in adjacent normal-appearing bladder mucosae (P=0.008). In a validation set of tissue microarray, significantly higher ZKSCAN3 expression was observed in high-grade and/or muscle-invasive urothelial carcinomas than in low-grade and/or non-muscle-invasive tumors. Two bladder cancer cell lines, UMUC3 and 647V, were found to strongly express ZKSCAN3 protein/mRNA, whereas its expression in 5637 bladder cancer and SVHUC normal urothelium cell lines was very weak. ZKSCAN3 silencing via its short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in UMUC3 and 647V resulted in significant decreases in cell viability/colony formation, cell migration/invasion, and the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2/MMP-9 and oncogenes c-myc/FGFR3, as well as significant increases in apoptosis and the expression of tumor suppressor genes p53/PTEN. ZKSCAN3 overexpression in 5637 also induced cell growth and migration. In addition, ZKSCAN3-shRNA expression considerably retarded tumor formation as well as its subsequent growth in xenograft-bearing mice. These results suggest that ZKSCAN3 plays an important role in bladder cancer outgrowth. Thus, ZKSCAN3 inhibition has the potential of being a therapeutic approach for bladder cancer.
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X-Linked Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy: From Clinical Genetic Features and Molecular Pathology to Mechanisms Underlying Disease Toxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1049:103-133. [PMID: 29427100 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-71779-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy (SBMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder caused by a CAG-polyglutamine (polyQ) repeat expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Unlike other polyQ diseases, where the function of the native causative protein is unknown, the biology of AR is well understood, and this knowledge has informed our understanding of how native AR function interfaces with polyQ-AR dysfunction. Furthermore, ligand-dependent activation of AR has been linked to SBMA disease pathogenesis, and has led to a thorough study of androgen-mediated effects on polyQ-AR stability, degradation, and post-translational modifications, as well as their roles in the disease process. Transcriptional dysregulation, proteostasis dysfunction, and mitochondrial abnormalities are central to polyQ-AR neurotoxicity, most likely via a 'change-of-function' mechanism. Intriguingly, recent work has demonstrated a principal role for skeletal muscle in SBMA disease pathogenesis, indicating that polyQ-AR toxicity initiates in skeletal muscle and results in secondary motor neuron demise. The existence of robust animal models for SBMA has permitted a variety of preclinical trials, driven by recent discoveries of altered cellular processes, and some of this preclinical work has led to human clinical trials. In this chapter, we review SBMA clinical features and disease biology, discuss our current understanding of the cellular and molecular basis of SBMA pathogenesis, and highlight ongoing efforts toward therapy development.
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Guber RD, Takyar V, Kokkinis A, Fox DA, Alao H, Kats I, Bakar D, Remaley AT, Hewitt SM, Kleiner DE, Liu CY, Hadigan C, Fischbeck KH, Rotman Y, Grunseich C. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Neurology 2017; 89:2481-2490. [PMID: 29142082 PMCID: PMC5729799 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the prevalence and features of fatty liver disease in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). Methods: Two groups of participants with SBMA were evaluated. In the first group, 22 participants with SBMA underwent laboratory analysis and liver imaging. In the second group, 14 participants with SBMA were compared to 13 female carriers and 23 controls. Liver biopsies were done in 4 participants with SBMA. Results: Evidence of fatty liver disease was detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in all participants with SBMA in the first group, with an average dome intrahepatic triacylglycerol of 27% (range 6%–66%, ref ≤5.5%). Liver dome magnetic resonance spectroscopy measurements were significantly increased in participants with SBMA in the second group relative to age- and sex-matched controls, with average disease and male control measurements of 17% and 3%, respectively. Liver biopsies were consistent with simple steatosis in 2 participants and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in 2 others. Conclusions: We observed evidence of nonalcoholic liver disease in nearly all of the participants with SBMA evaluated. These observations expand the phenotypic spectrum of the disease and provide a potential biomarker that can be monitored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Guber
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Varun Takyar
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Angela Kokkinis
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Derrick A Fox
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Hawwa Alao
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Ilona Kats
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Dara Bakar
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Alan T Remaley
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Stephen M Hewitt
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - David E Kleiner
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Chia-Ying Liu
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Colleen Hadigan
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Kenneth H Fischbeck
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Yaron Rotman
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD
| | - Christopher Grunseich
- From the Neurogenetics Branch (R.D.G., A.K., D.A.F., I.K., D.B., K.H.F., C.G.), National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Liver Diseases Branch (V.T., H.A., Y.R.), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch (A.T.R.), National Heart Lung & Blood Institute; Laboratory of Pathology (S.M.H., D.E.K.), National Cancer Institute; Radiology and Imaging Sciences (C.-Y.L.), Clinical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and NIH (C.H.), Bethesda, MD.
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Giorgetti E, Yu Z, Chua JP, Shimamura R, Zhao L, Zhu F, Venneti S, Pennuto M, Guan Y, Hung G, Lieberman AP. Rescue of Metabolic Alterations in AR113Q Skeletal Muscle by Peripheral Androgen Receptor Gene Silencing. Cell Rep 2017; 17:125-136. [PMID: 27681426 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), a progressive degenerative disorder, is caused by a CAG/glutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (polyQ AR). Recent studies demonstrate that skeletal muscle is an important site of toxicity that contributes to the SBMA phenotype. Here, we sought to identify critical pathways altered in muscle that underlie disease manifestations in AR113Q mice. This led to the unanticipated identification of gene expression changes affecting regulators of carbohydrate metabolism, similar to those triggered by denervation. AR113Q muscle exhibits diminished glycolysis, altered mitochondria, and an impaired response to exercise. Strikingly, the expression of genes regulating muscle energy metabolism is rescued following peripheral polyQ AR gene silencing by antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), a therapeutic strategy that alleviates disease. Our data establish the occurrence of a metabolic imbalance in SBMA muscle triggered by peripheral expression of the polyQ AR and indicate that alterations in energy utilization contribute to non-neuronal disease manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zhigang Yu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jason P Chua
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ryosuke Shimamura
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lili Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fan Zhu
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento 38123, Italy
| | - Yuanfang Guan
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Gene Hung
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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38
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Yan Q, Han C, Wang G, Waddington JL, Zheng L, Zhen X. Activation of AMPK/mTORC1-Mediated Autophagy by Metformin Reverses Clk1 Deficiency-Sensitized Dopaminergic Neuronal Death. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:640-652. [PMID: 29025968 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.109512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP) plays a critical role in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Clk1 (coq7) is a mitochondrial hydroxylase that is essential for coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) biosynthesis. We have reported previously that Clk1 regulates microglia activation via modulating microglia metabolic reprogramming, which contributes to dopaminergic neuronal survival. This study explores the direct effect of Clk1 on dopaminergic neuronal survival. We demonstrate that Clk1 deficiency inhibited dopaminergic neuronal autophagy in cultured MN9D dopaminergic neurons and in the substantia nigra pars compacta of Clk+/- mutant mice and consequently sensitized dopaminergic neuron damage and behavioral defects. These mechanistic studies indicate that Clk1 regulates the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/rapamycin complex 1 pathway, which in turn impairs the ALP and TFEB nuclear translocation. As a result, Clk1 deficiency promotes dopaminergic neuronal damage in vivo and in vitro, which ultimately contributes to sensitizing 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced dopaminergic neuronal death and behavioral impairments in Clk1-deficient mice. Moreover, we found that activation of autophagy by the AMPK activator metformin increases dopaminergic neuronal survival in vitro and in the MPTP-induced PD model in Clk1 mutant mice. These results reveal that Clk1 plays a direct role in dopaminergic neuronal survival via regulating ALPs that may contribute to the pathologic development of PD. Modulation of Clk1 activity may represent a potential therapeutic target for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
| | - Chaojun Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
| | - John L Waddington
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
| | - Longtai Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., J.L.W., L.Z., X.Z.), and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science (Q.Y., C.H., G.W., L.Z., X.Z.), Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; and Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (J.L.W.)
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Abstract
Through autophagy intracellular material is engulfed by double membrane vesicles and delivered to lysosomes for degradation. This process requires Rab GTPases, Rab GAPs and Rab GEFs for proper membrane trafficking, since they control vesicle budding, targeting and fusion. Deregulation of autophagy contributes to several human diseases including cancer, bacterial or viral infections and neurodegeneration. This review focuses on the complex roles of the newly identified protein SMCR8 and its interaction partners during formation and maturation of autophagosomes as well as regulation of lysosomal function and further discusses their implication in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS and FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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40
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Ravanan P, Srikumar IF, Talwar P. Autophagy: The spotlight for cellular stress responses. Life Sci 2017; 188:53-67. [PMID: 28866100 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular mechanism which plays "housekeeping" role in normal physiological processes including removing of long lived, aggregated and misfolded proteins, clearing damaged organelles, growth regulation and aging. Autophagy is also involved in a variety of biological functions like development, cellular differentiation, defense against pathogens and nutritional starvation. The integration of autophagy into these biological functions and other stress responses is determined by the transcriptional factors that undertake the regulatory mechanism. This review discusses the machinery of autophagy, the molecular web that connects autophagy to various stress responses like inflammation, hypoxia, ER stress, and various other pathologic conditions. Defects in autophagy regulation play a central role in number of diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, pathogen infection and metabolic diseases. Similarly, inhibiting autophagy would contribute in the treatment of cancer. However, understanding the biology of autophagy regulation requires pharmacologically active compounds which modulate the autophagy process. Inducers of autophagy are currently receiving considerable attention as autophagy upregulation may be a therapeutic benefit for certain neurodegenerative diseases (via removal of protein aggregates) while the inhibitors are being investigated for the treatment of cancers. Both induction and inhibition of autophagy have been proven to be beneficial in the treatment of cancer. This dual role of autophagy in cancers is now getting uncovered by the advancement in the research findings and development of effective autophagy modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palaniyandi Ravanan
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India.
| | - Ida Florance Srikumar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
| | - Priti Talwar
- Apoptosis and Cell Survival Research Laboratory, Department of Biosciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu-632014, India
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41
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Borgia D, Malena A, Spinazzi M, Desbats MA, Salviati L, Russell AP, Miotto G, Tosatto L, Pegoraro E, Sorarù G, Pennuto M, Vergani L. Increased mitophagy in the skeletal muscle of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy patients. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1087-1103. [PMID: 28087734 PMCID: PMC5409076 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR) and characterized by the loss of lower motor neurons. Here we investigated pathological processes occurring in muscle biopsy specimens derived from SBMA patients and, as controls, age-matched healthy subjects and patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and neurogenic atrophy. We detected atrophic fibers in the muscle of SBMA, ALS and neurogenic atrophy patients. In addition, SBMA muscle was characterized by the presence of a large number of hypertrophic fibers, with oxidative fibers having a larger size compared with glycolytic fibers. Polyglutamine-expanded AR expression was decreased in whole muscle, yet enriched in the nucleus, and localized to mitochondria. Ultrastructural analysis revealed myofibrillar disorganization and streaming in zones lacking mitochondria and degenerating mitochondria. Using molecular (mtDNA copy number), biochemical (citrate synthase and respiratory chain enzymes) and morphological (dark blue area in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-stained muscle cross-sections) analyses, we found a depletion of the mitochondria associated with enhanced mitophagy. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed an increase of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylserines in mitochondria isolated from SBMA muscles, as well as a 50% depletion of cardiolipin associated with decreased expression of the cardiolipin synthase gene. These observations suggest a causative link between nuclear polyglutamine-expanded AR accumulation, depletion of mitochondrial mass, increased mitophagy and altered mitochondrial membrane composition in SBMA muscle patients. Given the central role of mitochondria in cell bioenergetics, therapeutic approaches toward improving the mitochondrial network are worth considering to support SBMA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriana Borgia
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Adriana Malena
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Spinazzi
- VIB Center for the Biology of Disease, KU Leuven Center for Human Genetics, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Andrea Desbats
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy, and IRP Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Aaron P Russell
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Proteomic Center of Padova University, VIMM and Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Tosatto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianni Sorarù
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Pennuto
- Dulbecco Telethon Institute, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Lodovica Vergani
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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42
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Maixner N, Bechor S, Vershinin Z, Pecht T, Goldstein N, Haim Y, Rudich A. Transcriptional Dysregulation of Adipose Tissue Autophagy in Obesity. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 31:270-82. [PMID: 27252162 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00048.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding how dysregulated autophagy may contribute to pathogenesis of disease. Most frequently, disease states are associated with diminished autophagy, mostly attributed to genetic variation in autophagy genes and/or to dysfunctional posttranscriptional mechanisms. In human adipose tissue (AT), in obesity, expression of autophagy genes is upregulated and autophagy is likely activated, associating with adipose dysfunction. This review explores the emerging role of transcriptional mechanisms regulating AT autophagy in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitzan Maixner
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Sapir Bechor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
| | - Zlata Vershinin
- the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Tal Pecht
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
| | - Nir Goldstein
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yulia Haim
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Assaf Rudich
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; the National Institute of Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel; and
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43
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Zhang Z, Wang H, Ding Q, Xing Y, Xu D, Xu Z, Zhou T, Qian B, Ji C, Pan X, Zhong A, Ying Z, Zhou C, Shi M. The tumor suppressor p53 regulates autophagosomal and lysosomal biogenesis in lung cancer cells by targeting transcription factor EB. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:1055-1060. [PMID: 28292013 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein degradation system, such as proteasomal or autophagy-lysosomal system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases including cancer. Transcription factor EB (TFEB) is a master transcriptional factor in the regulation of autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), and it has multiple biological functions including protein degradation, cell homeostasis and cell survival. In the present study we show that the tumor suppressor p53 can regulate TFEB nuclear translocation and activity in lung cancer cells. We found p53 deletion or chemical inhibition of p53 using pifithrin-α could promote the translocation of TFEB from cytoplasm to the nucleus, thus increased the TFEB-mediated lysosomal and autophagosomal biogenesis in lung cancer cells. Moreover, re-expression of p53 could decrease the expression levels of TFEB-targeting genes involved in ALP, and knockdown of TFEB could abolish the effect of p53 on the regulation of ALP gene expression. Taken together, our data indicate that p53 affects ALP through regulating TFEB nuclear translocation in lung cancer cells. Importantly, our study reveals a critical link between two keys factors in tumourigenesis and autophagy, and suggests a potential important role of p53-TFEB signaling axis in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengli Zhang
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Hongfeng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Qifeng Ding
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, San Xiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Yufei Xing
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Delai Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China
| | - Zhonghua Xu
- Department of Thoracic & Cardiac Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, No.1055, San Xiang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Bin Qian
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Chenghong Ji
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Anyuan Zhong
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China
| | - Zheng Ying
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-Psycho-Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215021, PR China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital & Thoracic Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, PR China.
| | - Minhua Shi
- Department of Respiration, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, PR China.
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44
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Jung J, Nayak A, Schaeffer V, Starzetz T, Kirsch AK, Müller S, Dikic I, Mittelbronn M, Behrends C. Multiplex image-based autophagy RNAi screening identifies SMCR8 as ULK1 kinase activity and gene expression regulator. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28195531 PMCID: PMC5323046 DOI: 10.7554/elife.23063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular recycling and degradation pathway that depends on membrane trafficking. Rab GTPases are central for autophagy but their regulation especially through the activity of Rab GEFs remains largely elusive. We employed a RNAi screen simultaneously monitoring different populations of autophagosomes and identified 34 out of 186 Rab GTPase, GAP and GEF family members as potential autophagy regulators, amongst them SMCR8. SMCR8 uses overlapping binding regions to associate with C9ORF72 or with a C9ORF72-ULK1 kinase complex holo-assembly, which function in maturation and formation of autophagosomes, respectively. While focusing on the role of SMCR8 during autophagy initiation, we found that kinase activity and gene expression of ULK1 are increased upon SMCR8 depletion. The latter phenotype involved association of SMCR8 with the ULK1 gene locus. Global mRNA expression analysis revealed that SMCR8 regulates transcription of several other autophagy genes including WIPI2. Collectively, we established SMCR8 as multifaceted negative autophagy regulator. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.23063.001
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Jung
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Arnab Nayak
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Véronique Schaeffer
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Immunology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Michel Mittelbronn
- Neurological Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christian Behrends
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University School of Medicine, Frankfurt, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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45
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Giorgetti E, Lieberman AP. Polyglutamine androgen receptor-mediated neuromuscular disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:3991-9. [PMID: 27188284 PMCID: PMC5045769 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2275-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An expanded polyglutamine (polyQ) tract at the amino-terminus of the androgen receptor (AR) confers toxic properties responsible for neuronal and non-neuronal degeneration in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA), one of nine polyQ expansion diseases. Both lower motor neurons and peripheral tissues, including skeletal muscle, are affected, supporting the notion that SBMA is not a pure motor neuron disease but a degenerative disorder of the neuromuscular system. Here, we review experimental evidence demonstrating both nerve and muscle degeneration in SBMA model systems and patients. We propose that polyQ AR toxicity targets these components in a time-dependent fashion, with muscle pathology predominating early and motor neuron loss becoming more significant at late stages. This model of pathogenesis has important therapeutic implications, suggesting that symptoms arising from degeneration of nerve or muscle predominate at different points and that directed interventions targeting these components will be variably effective depending upon disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giorgetti
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 West Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew P Lieberman
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, 3510 MSRB1, 1150 West Medical Center Dr., Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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46
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Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are a group of intractable diseases that significantly affect human health. To date, the pathogenesis of NDDs is still poorly understood and effective disease-modifying therapies for NDDs have not been established. NDDs share the common morphological characteristic of the deposition of abnormal proteins in the nervous system, including neurons. Autophagy is one of the major processes by which damaged organelles and abnormal proteins are removed from cells. Impairment of autophagy has been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs, and the regulation of autophagy may become a therapeutic strategy for NDDs. In recent years, some active compounds from plants have been found to regulate autophagy and exert neuroprotection against NDDs, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia 3, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, via activating autophagy. In this paper, we review recent advances in the use of active ingredients from plants for the regulation of autophagy and treatment of NDDs.
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Glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switch and mTOR signaling activation are early-onset features of SBMA muscle modified by high-fat diet. Acta Neuropathol 2016; 132:127-44. [PMID: 26971100 PMCID: PMC4911374 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-016-1550-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a neuromuscular disease caused by the expansion of a polyglutamine tract in the androgen receptor (AR). The mechanism by which expansion of polyglutamine in AR causes muscle atrophy is unknown. Here, we investigated pathological pathways underlying muscle atrophy in SBMA knock-in mice and patients. We show that glycolytic muscles were more severely affected than oxidative muscles in SBMA knock-in mice. Muscle atrophy was associated with early-onset, progressive glycolytic-to-oxidative fiber-type switch. Whole genome microarray and untargeted lipidomic analyses revealed enhanced lipid metabolism and impaired glycolysis selectively in muscle. These metabolic changes occurred before denervation and were associated with a concurrent enhancement of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, which induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) expression. At later stages of disease, we detected mitochondrial membrane depolarization, enhanced transcription factor EB (TFEB) expression and autophagy, and mTOR-induced protein synthesis. Several of these abnormalities were detected in the muscle of SBMA patients. Feeding knock-in mice a high-fat diet (HFD) restored mTOR activation, decreased the expression of PGC1α, TFEB, and genes involved in oxidative metabolism, reduced mitochondrial abnormalities, ameliorated muscle pathology, and extended survival. These findings show early-onset and intrinsic metabolic alterations in SBMA muscle and link lipid/glucose metabolism to pathogenesis. Moreover, our results highlight an HFD regime as a promising approach to support SBMA patients.
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Abstract
In recent years, our vision of lysosomes has drastically changed. Formerly considered to be mere degradative compartments, they are now recognized as key players in many cellular processes. The ability of lysosomes to respond to different stimuli revealed a complex and coordinated regulation of lysosomal gene expression. This review discusses the participation of the transcription factors TFEB and TFE3 in the regulation of lysosomal function and biogenesis, as well as the role of the lysosomal pathway in cellular adaptation to a variety of stress conditions, including nutrient deprivation, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and pathogen infection. We also describe how cancer cells make use of TFEB and TFE3 to promote their own survival and highlight the potential of these transcription factors as therapeutic targets for the treatment of neurological and lysosomal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Raben
- Laboratory of Muscle Stem Cells and Gene Regulation, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892;
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Sardiello M. Transcription factor EB: from master coordinator of lysosomal pathways to candidate therapeutic target in degenerative storage diseases. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1371:3-14. [PMID: 27299292 PMCID: PMC5032832 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lysosome is the main catabolic hub of the cell. Owing to its role in fundamental processes such as autophagy, plasma membrane repair, mTOR signaling, and maintenance of cellular homeostasis, the lysosome has a profound influence on cellular metabolism and human health. Indeed, inefficient or impaired lysosomal function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of degenerative diseases affecting various organs and tissues, most notably the brain, liver, and muscle. The discovery of the coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) genetic program and its master controller, transcription factor EB (TFEB), has provided an unprecedented tool to study and manipulate lysosomal function. Most lysosome-based processes-including macromolecule degradation, autophagy, lysosomal exocytosis, and proteostasis-are under the transcriptional control of TFEB. Interestingly, impaired TFEB signaling has been suggested to be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of several degenerative storage diseases. Preclinical studies based on TFEB exogenous expression to reinstate TFEB activity or promote CLEAR network-based lysosomal enhancement have highlighted TFEB as a candidate therapeutic target for the treatment of various degenerative storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sardiello
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Choudhury KR, Bucha S, Baksi S, Mukhopadhyay D, Bhattacharyya NP. Chaperone-like protein HYPK and its interacting partners augment autophagy. Eur J Cell Biol 2016; 95:182-94. [PMID: 27067261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To decipher the function(s) of HYPK, a huntingtin (HTT)-interacting protein with chaperone-like activity, we had previously identified 36 novel interacting partners of HYPK. Another 13 proteins were known earlier to be associated with HYPK. On the basis of analysis of the interacting partners of HYPK, it has been shown that HYPK may participate in diverse cellular functions relevant to Huntington's disease. In the present study, we identified additional 5 proteins by co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization. As of now we have 54 primary interactors of HYPK. From the database we collected 1026 unique proteins (secondary interactors) interacting with these 54 primary HYPK interacting partners. We observed that 10 primary and 91 secondary interacting proteins of HYPK are associated with two types of autophagy processes. We next tested the hypothesis that the hub, HYPK, might itself be involved in autophagy. Using mouse striatal STHdh(Q7)/Hdh(Q7) cell lines, we observed that over expression of HYPK significantly increased background cellular autophagy, while knock down of endogenous HYPK decreased the autophagy level as detected by altered LC3I conversion, BECN1 expression, cleavage of GFP from LC3-GFP, ATG5-ATG12 conjugate formation and expression of transcription factors like Tfeb, Srebp2 and Zkscan3. This result shows that HYPK, possibly with its interacting partners, induces autophagy. We further observed that N-terminal mutant HTT reduced the cellular levels of LC3II and BECN1, which could be recovered significantly upon over expression of HYPK in these cells. This result further confirms that HYPK could also be involved in clearing mutant HTT aggregates by augmenting autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalika Roy Choudhury
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
| | - Sudha Bucha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
| | - Shounak Baksi
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
| | - Nitai P Bhattacharyya
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
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