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Deng J, Lin X, Qin J, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Ji C, Shen S, Li Y, Zhang B, Lin N. SPTBN2 suppresses ferroptosis in NSCLC cells by facilitating SLC7A11 membrane trafficking and localization. Redox Biol 2024; 70:103039. [PMID: 38241838 PMCID: PMC10825533 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The function of SLC7A11 in the process of ferroptosis is well-established, as it regulates the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), thereby influencing tumor development along with drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the determinants governing SLC7A11's membrane trafficking and localization remain unknown. Our study identified SPTBN2 as a ferroptosis suppressor, enhancing NSCLC cells resistance to ferroptosis inducers. Mechanistically, SPTBN2, through its CH domain, interacted with SLC7A11 and connected it with the motor protein Arp1, thus facilitating the membrane localization of SLC7A11 - a prerequisite for its role as System Xc-, which mediates cystine uptake and GSH synthesis. Consequently, SPTBN2 suppressed ferroptosis through preserving the functional activity of System Xc- on the membrane. Moreover, Inhibiting SPTBN2 increased the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to cisplatin through ferroptosis induction, both in vitro and in vivo. Using Abrine as a potential SPTBN2 inhibitor, its efficacy in promoting ferroptosis and sensitizing NSCLC cells to cisplatin was validated. Collectively, SPTBN2 is a potential therapeutic target for addressing ferroptosis dysfunction and cisplatin resistance in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, GuangXi, 530021, China
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiajia Qin
- Department of Pharmacy, The second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, GuangXi, 530007, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Yingqiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Cong Ji
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 311402, China
| | - Yangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Nengming Lin
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China; Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and Biomedicine of Zhejiang Province, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, China; Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Ding J, Ding X, Liao W, Lu Z. Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100913. [PMID: 38188647 PMCID: PMC10767221 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer has become an increasingly important public health issue owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Although traditional treatment methods are relatively effective, they have limitations such as highly toxic side effects, easy drug resistance, and high individual variability. Meanwhile, emerging therapies remain limited, and their actual anti-tumor effects need to be improved. Nanotechnology has received considerable attention for its development and application. In particular, artificial nanocarriers have emerged as a crucial approach for tumor therapy. However, certain deficiencies persist, including immunogenicity, permeability, targeting, and biocompatibility. The application of erythrocyte-derived materials will help overcome the above problems and enhance therapeutic effects. Erythrocyte-derived materials can be acquired via the application of physical and chemical techniques from natural erythrocyte membranes, or through the integration of these membranes with synthetic inner core materials using cell membrane biomimetic technology. Their natural properties such as biocompatibility and long circulation time make them an ideal choice for drug delivery or nanoparticle biocoating. Thus, red blood cell-derived materials are widely used in the field of biomedicine. However, further studies are required to evaluate their efficacy, in vivo metabolism, preparation, design, and clinical translation. Based on the latest research reports, this review summarizes the biology, synthesis, characteristics, and distribution of red blood cell-derived materials. Furthermore, we provide a reference for further research and clinical transformation by comprehensively discussing the applications and technical challenges faced by red blood cell-derived materials in the treatment of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua Ding
- Department of Hematology & Oncology, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Xinjing Ding
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
| | - Weifang Liao
- Jiujiang Clinical Precision Medicine Research Center, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Clinical Medical College/Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang, Jiangxi, 332005, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- Oncology of Department, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 332000, China
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Atang AE, Keller AR, Denha SA, Avery AW. Increased Actin Binding Is a Shared Molecular Consequence of Numerous SCA5 Mutations in β-III-Spectrin. Cells 2023; 12:2100. [PMID: 37626910 PMCID: PMC10453832 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SPTBN2 gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, we demonstrated that a L253P missense mutation, localizing to the β-III-spectrin actin-binding domain (ABD), causes increased actin-binding affinity. Here we investigate the molecular consequences of nine additional ABD-localized, SCA5 missense mutations: V58M, K61E, T62I, K65E, F160C, D255G, T271I, Y272H, and H278R. We show that all of the mutations, similar to L253P, are positioned at or near the interface of the two calponin homology subdomains (CH1 and CH2) comprising the ABD. Using biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all nine mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption at the CH1-CH2 interface. Importantly, all nine mutations cause increased actin binding. The mutant actin-binding affinities vary greatly, and none of the nine mutations increase actin-binding affinity as much as L253P. ABD mutations causing high-affinity actin binding, with the notable exception of L253P, appear to be associated with an early age of symptom onset. Altogether, the data indicate that increased actin-binding affinity is a shared molecular consequence of numerous SCA5 mutations, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adam W. Avery
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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4
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Atang AE, Keller AR, Denha SA, Avery AW. Increased actin binding is a shared molecular consequence of numerous spinocerebellar ataxia mutations in β-III-spectrin. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.20.529285. [PMID: 36865188 PMCID: PMC9980045 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.20.529285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in the SPTBN2 gene encoding the cytoskeletal protein β-III-spectrin. Previously, we demonstrated that a L253P missense mutation, localizing to the β-III-spectrin actin-binding domain (ABD), causes increased actin-binding affinity. Here we investigate the molecular consequences of nine additional ABD-localized, SCA5 missense mutations: V58M, K61E, T62I, K65E, F160C, D255G, T271I, Y272H, and H278R. We show that all of the mutations, similar to L253P, are positioned at or near the interface of the two calponin homology subdomains (CH1 and CH2) comprising the ABD. Using biochemical and biophysical approaches, we demonstrate that the mutant ABD proteins can attain a well-folded state. However, thermal denaturation studies show that all nine mutations are destabilizing, suggesting a structural disruption at the CH1-CH2 interface. Importantly, all nine mutations cause increased actin binding. The mutant actin-binding affinities vary greatly, and none of the nine mutations increase actin-binding affinity as much as L253P. ABD mutations causing high-affinity actin binding, with the notable exception of L253P, appear to be associated with early age of symptom onset. Altogether, the data indicate increased actin-binding affinity is a shared molecular consequence of numerous SCA5 mutations, which has important therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda R. Keller
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Sarah A. Denha
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Adam W. Avery
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
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Lorenzo DN, Edwards RJ, Slavutsky AL. Spectrins: molecular organizers and targets of neurological disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 2023; 24:195-212. [PMID: 36697767 PMCID: PMC10598481 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-022-00674-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Spectrins are cytoskeletal proteins that are expressed ubiquitously in the mammalian nervous system. Pathogenic variants in SPTAN1, SPTBN1, SPTBN2 and SPTBN4, four of the six genes encoding neuronal spectrins, cause neurological disorders. Despite their structural similarity and shared role as molecular organizers at the cell membrane, spectrins vary in expression, subcellular localization and specialization in neurons, and this variation partly underlies non-overlapping disease presentations across spectrinopathies. Here, we summarize recent progress in discerning the local and long-range organization and diverse functions of neuronal spectrins. We provide an overview of functional studies using mouse models, which, together with growing human genetic and clinical data, are helping to illuminate the aetiology of neurological spectrinopathies. These approaches are all critical on the path to plausible therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Reginald J Edwards
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Anastasia L Slavutsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Li S, Liu T, Li K, Bai X, Xi K, Chai X, Mi L, Li J. Spectrins and human diseases. Transl Res 2022; 243:78-88. [PMID: 34979321 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin, as one of the major components of a plasma membrane-associated cytoskeleton, is a cytoskeletal protein composed of the modular structure of α and β subunits. The spectrin-based skeleton is essential for preserving the integrity and mechanical characteristics of the cell membrane. Moreover, spectrin regulates a variety of cell processes including cell apoptosis, cell adhesion, cell spreading, and cell cycle. Dysfunction of spectrins is implicated in various human diseases including hemolytic anemia, neurodegenerative diseases, ataxia, heart diseases, and cancers. Here, we briefly discuss spectrins function as well as the clinical manifestations and currently known molecular mechanisms of human diseases related to spectrins, highlighting that strategies for targeting regulation of spectrins function may provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Ting Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Kejing Li
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Xinyi Bai
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Kewang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaojing Chai
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China
| | - Leyuan Mi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Gansu, China; Clinical Laboratory Center, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital, Gansu, China
| | - Juan Li
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Genetic Study of Hematopathy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China; Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Gansu, China.
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Stevens SR, van der Heijden ME, Ogawa Y, Lin T, Sillitoe RV, Rasband MN. Ankyrin-R Links Kv3.3 to the Spectrin Cytoskeleton and Is Required for Purkinje Neuron Survival. J Neurosci 2022; 42:2-15. [PMID: 34785580 PMCID: PMC8741159 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1132-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrin scaffolding proteins are critical for membrane domain organization and protein stabilization in many different cell types including neurons. In the cerebellum, Ankyrin-R (AnkR) is highly enriched in Purkinje neurons, granule cells, and in the cerebellar nuclei (CN). Using male and female mice with a floxed allele for Ank1 in combination with Nestin-Cre and Pcp2-Cre mice, we found that ablation of AnkR from Purkinje neurons caused ataxia, regional and progressive neurodegeneration, and altered cerebellar output. We show that AnkR interacts with the cytoskeletal protein β3 spectrin and the potassium channel Kv3.3. Loss of AnkR reduced somatic membrane levels of β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 in Purkinje neurons. Thus, AnkR links Kv3.3 channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Our results may help explain why mutations in β3 spectrin and Kv3.3 both cause spinocerebellar ataxia.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Ankyrin scaffolding proteins localize and stabilize ion channels in the membrane by linking them to the spectrin-based cytoskeleton. Here, we show that Ankyrin-R (AnkR) links Kv3.3 K+ channels to the β3 spectrin-based cytoskeleton in Purkinje neurons. Loss of AnkR causes Purkinje neuron degeneration, altered cerebellar physiology, and ataxia, which is consistent with mutations in Kv3.3 and β3 spectrin causing spinocerebellar ataxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | | | - Yuki Ogawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Tao Lin
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Roy V Sillitoe
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
- Department Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030
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Bian X, Wang S, Jin S, Xu S, Zhang H, Wang D, Shang W, Wang P. Two novel missense variants in SPTBN2 likely associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 5. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:5195-5203. [PMID: 33797620 PMCID: PMC8642373 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05204-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a heterozygous group of neurodegenerative disorders. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) is a rare autosomal-dominant ataxia with pure cerebellum involvement. The clinical characteristics are limb and gait ataxia, trunk ataxia, sensory deficits, abnormal eye movement, dysarthria, and hyperactive tendon reflexes. Spectrin beta nonerythrocytic 2 gene (SPTBN2), coding β-III spectrin protein, was identified to be associated with SCA5. To date, more than 19 variants of SPTBN2 have been reported. METHODS A family and an apparently sporadic patient with ataxia and cerebellar atrophy were recruited from Shandong Province (China). To discover the disease-causing variants, capillary electrophoresis and targeted next-generation sequencing were performed in the proband of the family and the sporadic patient. The candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and analyzed by bioinformatics software. RESULTS In our study, we verified two novel heterozygous variants in SPTBN2 in a SCA pedigree and a sporadic patient. The proband of the pedigree and her mother presented with walking instability and progressively getting worse. The sporadic patient suffered from slurred speech, walking instability, and drinking water choking cough. MRI examination of the proband and sporadic patient both displayed moderate cerebellar atrophy. The variants identified were traditionally conserved and predicted probably damaging and disease-causing by bioinformatics analysis. CONCLUSION We identified two novel heterozygous variants of SPTBN2 resulting in severe ataxia which further delineated the correlation between the genotype and phenotype of SCA5, and pathogenesis of variants in SPTBN2 should be further researched.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Bian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Suqin Jin
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Shunliang Xu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Dewei Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Shang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250033, Shandong, China.
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Stevens SR, Rasband MN. Ankyrins and neurological disease. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2021; 69:51-57. [PMID: 33485190 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ankyrins are scaffolding proteins widely expressed throughout the nervous system. Ankyrins recruit diverse membrane proteins, including ion channels and cell adhesion molecules, into specialized subcellular membrane domains. These domains are stabilized by ankyrins interacting with the spectrin cytoskeleton. Ankyrin genes are highly associated with a number of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, and bipolar disorder. Here, we discuss ankyrin function and their role in neurological disease. We propose mutations in ankyrins contribute to disease through two primary mechanisms: 1) altered neuronal excitability by disrupting ion channel clustering at key excitable domains, and 2) altered neuronal connectivity via impaired stabilization of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Stevens
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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11
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Accogli A, St-Onge J, Addour-Boudrahem N, Lafond-Lapalme J, Laporte AD, Rouleau GA, Rivière JB, Srour M. Heterozygous Missense Pathogenic Variants Within the Second Spectrin Repeat of SPTBN2 Lead to Infantile-Onset Cerebellar Ataxia. J Child Neurol 2020; 35:106-110. [PMID: 31617442 DOI: 10.1177/0883073819878917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The term spinocerebellar ataxia encompasses a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders due to pathogenic variants in more than 100 genes, underlying 2 major groups of ataxia: autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA, also known as spinocerebellar ataxias [SCAs]) due to heterozygous variants or polyglutamine triplet expansions leading to adult-onset ataxia, and autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxias (ARCAs, also known as SCARs) due to biallelic variants, usually resulting in more severe and earlier-onset cerebellar ataxia. Certain ataxia genes, including SPTBN2 which encodes β-III spectrin, are responsible for both SCA and SCAR, depending on whether the pathogenic variant occurs in a monoallelic or biallelic state, respectively. Accordingly, 2 major phenotypes have been linked to SPTBN2: pathogenic heterozygous in-frame deletions and missense variants result in an adult-onset, slowly progressive ADCA (SCA5) through a dominant negative effect, whereas biallelic loss-of-function variants cause SCAR14, an allelic disorder characterized by infantile-onset cerebellar ataxia and cognitive impairment. Of note, 2 heterozygous missense variants (c.1438C>T, p.R480 W; c.1309C>G, p.R437G), both lying in the second spectrin repeat of SPTBN2, have been linked to infantile-onset cerebellar ataxia, similar to SCAR14. Here, we report a novel de novo heterozygous pathogenic missense variant (c.1310G>A) in SPTBN2 in a child with infantile-onset cerebellar ataxia and mild cognitive impairment. This variant affects the same R437 residue of the second spectrin repeat but results in a different amino acid change (p.R437Q). We review previously reported cases and discuss possible pathomechanisms responsible for the early-onset cerebellar phenotype due to disease-causing variants in the second spectrin repeat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Accogli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy.,DINOGMI-Università degli Studi di Genova, Italy
| | - Judith St-Onge
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Joël Lafond-Lapalme
- McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Guy A Rouleau
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Myriam Srour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,McGill University Health Center (MUHC) Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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12
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Chagula DB, Rechciński T, Rudnicka K, Chmiela M. Ankyrins in human health and disease - an update of recent experimental findings. Arch Med Sci 2020; 16:715-726. [PMID: 32542072 PMCID: PMC7286341 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.89836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ankyrins are adaptor molecules that in eukaryotic cells form complexes with ion channel proteins, cell adhesion and signalling molecules and components of the cytoskeleton. They play a pivotal role as scaffolding proteins, in the structural anchoring to the muscle membrane, in muscle development, neurogenesis and synapse formation. Dysfunction of ankyrins is implicated in numerous diseases such as hereditary spherocytosis, neurodegeneration of Purkinje cells, cardiac arrhythmia, Brugada syndrome, bipolar disorders and schizophrenia, congenital myopathies and congenital heart disease as well as cancers. Detecting either down- or over-expression of ankyrins and ergo their use as biomarkers can provide a new paradigm in the diagnosis of these diseases. This paper provides an outline of knowledge about the structure of ankyrins, and by making use of recent experimental research studies critically discusses their role in several health disorders. Moreover, therapeutic options utilizing engineered ankyrins, designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian B. Chagula
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Rechciński
- Department of Cardiology, Bieganski Regional Speciality Hospital, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Rudnicka
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Chmiela
- Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Corresponding author: Prof. Magdalena Chmiela Laboratory of Gastroimmunology, Department of Immmunology and Infectious Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 12/16 Banacha St, 90-237 Lodz, Poland, E-mail:
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Lorenzo DN, Badea A, Zhou R, Mohler PJ, Zhuang X, Bennett V. βII-spectrin promotes mouse brain connectivity through stabilizing axonal plasma membranes and enabling axonal organelle transport. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:15686-15695. [PMID: 31209033 PMCID: PMC6681763 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1820649116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
βII-spectrin is the generally expressed member of the β-spectrin family of elongated polypeptides that form micrometer-scale networks associated with plasma membranes. We addressed in vivo functions of βII-spectrin in neurons by knockout of βII-spectrin in mouse neural progenitors. βII-spectrin deficiency caused severe defects in long-range axonal connectivity and axonal degeneration. βII-spectrin-null neurons exhibited reduced axon growth, loss of actin-spectrin-based periodic membrane skeleton, and impaired bidirectional axonal transport of synaptic cargo. We found that βII-spectrin associates with KIF3A, KIF5B, KIF1A, and dynactin, implicating spectrin in the coupling of motors and synaptic cargo. βII-spectrin required phosphoinositide lipid binding to promote axonal transport and restore axon growth. Knockout of ankyrin-B (AnkB), a βII-spectrin partner, primarily impaired retrograde organelle transport, while double knockout of βII-spectrin and AnkB nearly eliminated transport. Thus, βII-spectrin promotes both axon growth and axon stability through establishing the actin-spectrin-based membrane-associated periodic skeleton as well as enabling axonal transport of synaptic cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damaris N Lorenzo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599;
| | | | - Ruobo Zhou
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Peter J Mohler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Vann Bennett
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710
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14
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Nicita F, Nardella M, Bellacchio E, Alfieri P, Terrone G, Piccini G, Graziola F, Pignata C, Capuano A, Bertini E, Zanni G. Heterozygous missense variants of SPTBN2 are a frequent cause of congenital cerebellar ataxia. Clin Genet 2019; 96:169-175. [PMID: 31066025 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous missense variants in the SPTBN2 gene, encoding the non-erythrocytic beta spectrin 2 subunit (beta-III spectrin), have been identified in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5), a rare adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia, whereas homozygous loss of function variants in SPTBN2 have been associated with early onset cerebellar ataxia and global developmental delay (SCAR14). Recently, heterozygous SPTBN2 missense variants have been identified in a few patients with an early-onset ataxic phenotype. We report five patients with non-progressive congenital ataxia and psychomotor delay, 4/5 harboring novel heterozygous missense variants in SPTBN2 and one patient with compound heterozygous SPTBN2 variants. With an overall prevalence of 5% in our cohort of unrelated patients screened by targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) for congenital or early-onset cerebellar ataxia, this study indicates that both dominant and recessive mutations of SPTBN2 together with CACNA1A and ITPR1, are a frequent cause of early-onset/congenital non-progressive ataxia and that their screening should be implemented in this subgroup of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Nicita
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Nardella
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Bellacchio
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetano Terrone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giorgia Piccini
- Unit of Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Graziola
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Pignata
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Capuano
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Muscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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15
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Zhao Y, Liang X, Zhu F, Wen Y, Xu J, Yang J, Ding M, Cheng B, Ma M, Zhang L, Cheng S, Wu C, Wang S, Wang X, Ning Y, Guo X, Zhang F. A large-scale integrative analysis of GWAS and common meQTLs across whole life course identifies genes, pathways and tissue/cell types for three major psychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 95:347-352. [PMID: 30339835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BP) and schizophrenia (SCZ) are complex psychiatric disorders. We conducted a large-scale integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and life course consistent methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) datasets. The GWAS data of ADHD (including 20,183 cases and 35,191 controls), BP (including 7481 cases and 9250 controls) and SCZ (including 36,989 cases and 113,075 controls) were derived from published GWAS. Life course consistent meQTLs dataset was obtained from a longitudinal meQTLs analysis of 1018 mother-child pairs. Gene prioritization, pathway and tissue/cell type enrichment analysis were conducted by DEPICT. We identified multiple genes and pathways with common or disease specific effects, such as NISCH (P = 9.87 × 10-3 for BP and 2.49 × 10-6 for SCZ), ST3GAL3 (P = 1.19 × 10-2 for ADHD), and KEGG_MAPK_SIGNALING_PATHWAY (P = 1.56 × 10-3 for ADHD, P = 4.71 × 10-2 for BP, P = 4.60 × 10-4 for SCZ). Our study provides novel clues for understanding the genetic mechanism of ADHD, BP and SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiao Liang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yan Wen
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jiawen Xu
- Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Jian Yang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Miao Ding
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Mei Ma
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Shiqiang Cheng
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Cuiyan Wu
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Sen Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xi Wang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Yujie Ning
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiong Guo
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, PR China.
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16
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Perkins EM, Clarkson YL, Suminaite D, Lyndon AR, Tanaka K, Rothstein JD, Skehel PA, Wyllie DJA, Jackson M. Loss of cerebellar glutamate transporters EAAT4 and GLAST differentially affects the spontaneous firing pattern and survival of Purkinje cells. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2614-2627. [PMID: 29741614 PMCID: PMC6049029 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) has been implicated in a number of human diseases including spinocerebellar ataxias, Alzhiemer's disease and motor neuron disease. EAAT4 and GLAST/EAAT1 are the two predominant EAATs responsible for maintaining low extracellular glutamate levels and preventing neurotoxicity in the cerebellum, the brain region essential for motor control. Here using genetically modified mice we identify new critical roles for EAAT4 and GLAST/EAAT1 as modulators of Purkinje cell (PC) spontaneous firing patterns. We show high EAAT4 levels, by limiting mGluR1 signalling, are essential in constraining inherently heterogeneous firing of zebrin-positive PCs. Moreover mGluR1 antagonists were found to restore regular spontaneous PC activity and motor behaviour in EAAT4 knockout mice. In contrast, GLAST/EAAT1 expression is required to sustain normal spontaneous simple spike activity in low EAAT4 expressing (zebrin-negative) PCs by restricting NMDA receptor activation. Blockade of NMDA receptor activity restores spontaneous activity in zebrin-negative PCs of GLAST knockout mice and furthermore alleviates motor deficits. In addition both transporters have differential effects on PC survival, with zebrin-negative PCs more vulnerable to loss of GLAST/EAAT1 and zebrin-positive PCs more vulnerable to loss of EAAT4. These findings reveal that glutamate transporter dysfunction through elevated extracellular glutamate and the aberrant activation of extrasynaptic receptors can disrupt cerebellar output by altering spontaneous PC firing. This expands our understanding of disease mechanisms in cerebellar ataxias and establishes EAATs as targets for restoring homeostasis in a variety of neurological diseases where altered cerebellar output is now thought to play a key role in pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M Perkins
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne L Clarkson
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair R Lyndon
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, John Muir Building, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul A Skehel
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J A Wyllie
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Mandy Jackson
- The Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Garcia-Caballero A, Zhang FX, Hodgkinson V, Huang J, Chen L, Souza IA, Cain S, Kass J, Alles S, Snutch TP, Zamponi GW. T-type calcium channels functionally interact with spectrin (α/β) and ankyrin B. Mol Brain 2018; 11:24. [PMID: 29720258 PMCID: PMC5930937 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the functional interaction between the Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels and cytoskeletal spectrin (α/β) and ankyrin B proteins. The interactions were identified utilizing a proteomic approach to identify proteins that interact with a conserved negatively charged cytosolic region present in the carboxy-terminus of T-type calcium channels. Deletion of this stretch of amino acids decreased binding of Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 calcium channels to spectrin (α/β) and ankyrin B and notably also reduced T-type whole cell current densities in expression systems. Furthermore, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching analysis of mutant channels lacking the proximal C-terminus region revealed reduced recovery of both Cav3.1 and Cav3.2 mutant channels in hippocampal neurons. Knockdown of spectrin α and ankyrin B decreased the density of endogenous Cav3.2 in hippocampal neurons. These findings reveal spectrin (α/β) / ankyrin B cytoskeletal and signaling proteins as key regulators of T-type calcium channels expressed in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustin Garcia-Caballero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Fang-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Victoria Hodgkinson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Junting Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Lina Chen
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ivana A Souza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Stuart Cain
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jennifer Kass
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sascha Alles
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Terrance P Snutch
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Gerald W Zamponi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, T2N 4N1, Canada.
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18
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Wang Y, Ji T, Nelson AD, Glanowska K, Murphy GG, Jenkins PM, Parent JM. Critical roles of αII spectrin in brain development and epileptic encephalopathy. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:760-773. [PMID: 29337302 DOI: 10.1172/jci95743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The nonerythrocytic α-spectrin-1 (SPTAN1) gene encodes the cytoskeletal protein αII spectrin. Mutations in SPTAN1 cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy type 5 (EIEE5); however, the role of αII spectrin in neurodevelopment and EIEE5 pathogenesis is unknown. Prior work suggests that αII spectrin is absent in the axon initial segment (AIS) and contributes to a diffusion barrier in the distal axon. Here, we have shown that αII spectrin is expressed ubiquitously in rodent and human somatodendritic and axonal domains. CRISPR-mediated deletion of Sptan1 in embryonic rat forebrain by in utero electroporation caused altered dendritic and axonal development, loss of the AIS, and decreased inhibitory innervation. Overexpression of human EIEE5 mutant SPTAN1 in embryonic rat forebrain and mouse hippocampal neurons led to similar developmental defects that were also observed in EIEE5 patient-derived neurons. Additionally, patient-derived neurons displayed aggregation of spectrin complexes. Taken together, these findings implicate αII spectrin in critical aspects of dendritic and axonal development and synaptogenesis, and support a dominant-negative mechanism of SPTAN1 mutations in EIEE5.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey G Murphy
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Institute.,Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, and
| | - Paul M Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jack M Parent
- Department of Neurology.,Ann Arbor VA Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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19
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β-III-spectrin spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 mutation reveals a dominant cytoskeletal mechanism that underlies dendritic arborization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E9376-E9385. [PMID: 29078305 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707108114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A spinocerebellar ataxia type 5 (SCA5) L253P mutation in the actin-binding domain (ABD) of β-III-spectrin causes high-affinity actin binding and decreased thermal stability in vitro. Here we show in mammalian cells, at physiological temperature, that the mutant ABD retains high-affinity actin binding. Significantly, we provide evidence that the mutation alters the mobility and recruitment of β-III-spectrin in mammalian cells, pointing to a potential disease mechanism. To explore this mechanism, we developed a Drosophila SCA5 model in which an equivalent mutant Drosophila β-spectrin is expressed in neurons that extend complex dendritic arbors, such as Purkinje cells, targeted in SCA5 pathogenesis. The mutation causes a proximal shift in arborization coincident with decreased β-spectrin localization in distal dendrites. We show that SCA5 β-spectrin dominantly mislocalizes α-spectrin and ankyrin-2, components of the endogenous spectrin cytoskeleton. Our data suggest that high-affinity actin binding by SCA5 β-spectrin interferes with spectrin-actin cytoskeleton dynamics, leading to a loss of a cytoskeletal mechanism in distal dendrites required for dendrite stabilization and arbor outgrowth.
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20
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Perkins EM, Suminaite D, Clarkson YL, Lee SK, Lyndon AR, Rothstein JD, Wyllie DJ, Tanaka K, Jackson M. Posterior cerebellar Purkinje cells in an SCA5/SPARCA1 mouse model are especially vulnerable to the synergistic effect of loss of β-III spectrin and GLAST. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4448-4461. [PMID: 28173092 PMCID: PMC5409221 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical phenotypes of spinocerebellar ataxia type-5 (SCA5) and spectrin-associated autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia type-1 (SPARCA1) are mirrored in mice lacking β-III spectrin (β-III-/-). One function of β-III spectrin is the stabilization of the Purkinje cell-specific glutamate transporter EAAT4 at the plasma membrane. In β-III-/- mice EAAT4 levels are reduced from an early age. In contrast levels of the predominant cerebellar glutamate transporter GLAST, expressed in Bergmann glia, only fall progressively from 3 months onwards. Here we elucidated the roles of these two glutamate transporters in cerebellar pathogenesis mediated through loss of β-III spectrin function by studying EAAT4 and GLAST knockout mice as well as crosses of both with β-III-/- mice. Our data demonstrate that EAAT4 loss, but not abnormal AMPA receptor composition, in young β-III-/- mice underlies early Purkinje cell hyper-excitability and that subsequent loss of GLAST, superimposed on the earlier deficiency of EAAT4, is responsible for Purkinje cell loss and progression of motor deficits. Yet the loss of GLAST appears to be independent of EAAT4 loss, highlighting that other aspects of Purkinje cell dysfunction underpin the pathogenic loss of GLAST. Finally, our results demonstrate that Purkinje cells in the posterior cerebellum of β-III-/- mice are most susceptible to the combined loss of EAAT4 and GLAST, with degeneration of proximal dendrites, the site of climbing fibre innervation, most pronounced. This highlights the necessity for efficient glutamate clearance from these regions and identifies dysregulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission particularly within the posterior cerebellum as a key mechanism in SCA5 and SPARCA1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. Perkins
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne L. Clarkson
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sin Kwan Lee
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alastair R. Lyndon
- School of Energy, Geoscience, Infrastructure and Society, Heriot-Watt University, John Muir Building, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jeffrey D. Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J.A. Wyllie
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Brain Development and Repair, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Bangalore, India
| | - Kohichi Tanaka
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mandy Jackson
- The Centre for Integrative Physiology, The University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, UK
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21
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Zhang C, Rasband MN. Cytoskeletal control of axon domain assembly and function. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 39:116-21. [PMID: 27203619 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurons are organized and connected into functional circuits by axons that conduct action potentials. Many vertebrate axons are myelinated and further subdivided into excitable domains that include the axon initial segment (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier. Nodes of Ranvier regenerate and propagate action potentials, while AIS regulate action potential initiation and neuronal polarity. Two distinct cytoskeletons control axon structure and function: 1) a submembranous ankyrin/spectrin cytoskeleton that clusters ion channels and provides mechanical support, and 2) a microtubule-based cytoskeleton that controls selective trafficking of dendritic and axonal cargoes. Here, we review recent studies that provide significant additional insight into the cytoskeleton-dependent mechanisms controlling the functional organization of axons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuansheng Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States
| | - Matthew N Rasband
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, United States.
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22
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Perkins E, Suminaite D, Jackson M. Cerebellar ataxias: β-III spectrin's interactions suggest common pathogenic pathways. J Physiol 2016; 594:4661-76. [PMID: 26821241 PMCID: PMC4983618 DOI: 10.1113/jp271195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders all characterised by postural abnormalities, motor deficits and cerebellar degeneration. Animal and in vitro models have revealed β‐III spectrin, a cytoskeletal protein present throughout the soma and dendritic tree of cerebellar Purkinje cells, to be required for the maintenance of dendritic architecture and for the trafficking and/or stabilisation of several membrane proteins: ankyrin‐R, cell adhesion molecules, metabotropic glutamate receptor‐1 (mGluR1), voltage‐gated sodium channels (Nav) and glutamate transporters. This scaffold of interactions connects β‐III spectrin to a wide variety of proteins implicated in the pathology of many SCAs. Heterozygous mutations in the gene encoding β‐III spectrin (SPTBN2) underlie SCA type‐5 whereas homozygous mutations cause spectrin associated autosomal recessive ataxia type‐1 (SPARCA1), an infantile form of ataxia with cognitive impairment. Loss‐of β‐III spectrin function appears to underpin cerebellar dysfunction and degeneration in both diseases resulting in thinner dendrites, excessive dendritic protrusion with loss of planarity, reduced resurgent sodium currents and abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmission. The initial physiological consequences are a decrease in spontaneous activity and excessive excitation, likely to be offsetting each other, but eventually hyperexcitability gives rise to dark cell degeneration and reduced cerebellar output. Similar molecular mechanisms have been implicated for SCA1, 2, 3, 7, 13, 14, 19, 22, 27 and 28, highlighting alterations to intrinsic Purkinje cell activity, dendritic architecture and glutamatergic transmission as possible common mechanisms downstream of various loss‐of‐function primary genetic defects. A key question for future research is whether similar mechanisms underlie progressive cerebellar decline in normal ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Perkins
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Daumante Suminaite
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Mandy Jackson
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, University of Edinburgh, Hugh Robson Building, George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9XD, UK
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23
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Leite SC, Sousa MM. The neuronal and actin commitment: Why do neurons need rings? Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2016; 73:424-34. [DOI: 10.1002/cm.21273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Carvalho Leite
- Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular; Porto Portugal
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto; Porto Portugal
- ICBAS, Universidade Do Porto; Porto Portugal
| | - Mónica Mendes Sousa
- Nerve Regeneration Group, IBMC - Instituto De Biologia Molecular E Celular; Porto Portugal
- Instituto De Investigação E Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto; Porto Portugal
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24
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Erickson RP. The importance of de novo mutations for pediatric neurological disease--It is not all in utero or birth trauma. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 767:42-58. [PMID: 27036065 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The advent of next generation sequencing (NGS, which consists of massively parallel sequencing to perform TGS (total genome sequencing) or WES (whole exome sequencing)) has abundantly discovered many causative mutations in patients with pediatric neurological disease. A surprisingly high number of these are de novo mutations which have not been inherited from either parent. For epilepsy, autism spectrum disorders, and neuromotor disorders, including cerebral palsy, initial estimates put the frequency of causative de novo mutations at about 15% and about 10% of these are somatic. There are some shared mutated genes between these three classes of disease. Studies of copy number variation by comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) proceded the NGS approaches but they also detect de novo variation which is especially important for ASDs. There are interesting differences between the mutated genes detected by CGS and NGS. In summary, de novo mutations cause a very significant proportion of pediatric neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert P Erickson
- Dept. of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, AZ 85724, United States.
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Jaarsma D, Hoogenraad CC. Cytoplasmic dynein and its regulatory proteins in Golgi pathology in nervous system disorders. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:397. [PMID: 26578860 PMCID: PMC4620150 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Golgi apparatus is a dynamic organelle involved in processing and sorting of lipids and proteins. In neurons, the Golgi apparatus is important for the development of axons and dendrites and maintenance of their highly complex polarized morphology. The motor protein complex cytoplasmic dynein has an important role in Golgi apparatus positioning and function. Together, with dynactin and other regulatory factors it drives microtubule minus-end directed motility of Golgi membranes. Inhibition of dynein results in fragmentation and dispersion of the Golgi ribbon in the neuronal cell body, resembling the Golgi abnormalities observed in some neurodegenerative disorders, in particular motor neuron diseases. Mutations in dynein and its regulatory factors, including the dynactin subunit p150Glued, BICD2 and Lis-1, are associated with several human nervous system disorders, including cortical malformation and motor neuropathy. Here we review the role of dynein and its regulatory factors in Golgi function and positioning, and the potential role of dynein malfunction in causing Golgi apparatus abnormalities in nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dick Jaarsma
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Parolin Schnekenberg R, Perkins EM, Miller JW, Davies WIL, D'Adamo MC, Pessia M, Fawcett KA, Sims D, Gillard E, Hudspith K, Skehel P, Williams J, O'Regan M, Jayawant S, Jefferson R, Hughes S, Lustenberger A, Ragoussis J, Jackson M, Tucker SJ, Németh AH. De novo point mutations in patients diagnosed with ataxic cerebral palsy. Brain 2015; 138:1817-32. [PMID: 25981959 PMCID: PMC4572487 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awv117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral palsy is commonly attributed to perinatal asphyxia. However, Schnekenberg et al. describe here four individuals with ataxic cerebral palsy likely due to de novo dominant mutations associated with increased paternal age. Therefore, patients with cerebral palsy should be investigated for genetic causes before the disorder is ascribed to asphyxia. Cerebral palsy is a sporadic disorder with multiple likely aetiologies, but frequently considered to be caused by birth asphyxia. Genetic investigations are rarely performed in patients with cerebral palsy and there is little proven evidence of genetic causes. As part of a large project investigating children with ataxia, we identified four patients in our cohort with a diagnosis of ataxic cerebral palsy. They were investigated using either targeted next generation sequencing or trio-based exome sequencing and were found to have mutations in three different genes, KCNC3, ITPR1 and SPTBN2. All the mutations were de novo and associated with increased paternal age. The mutations were shown to be pathogenic using a combination of bioinformatics analysis and in vitro model systems. This work is the first to report that the ataxic subtype of cerebral palsy can be caused by de novo dominant point mutations, which explains the sporadic nature of these cases. We conclude that at least some subtypes of cerebral palsy may be caused by de novo genetic mutations and patients with a clinical diagnosis of cerebral palsy should be genetically investigated before causation is ascribed to perinatal asphyxia or other aetiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Parolin Schnekenberg
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK 2 Universidade Positivo, School of Medicine, Rua Parigot de Souza 5300, 81280-330, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Emma M Perkins
- 3 Centre for Integrative Physiology, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jack W Miller
- 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Wayne I L Davies
- 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK 5 School of Animal Biology, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia 6 Section of Physiology & Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, Edificio D, Piano 106132 San Sisto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina D'Adamo
- 6 Section of Physiology & Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, Edificio D, Piano 106132 San Sisto, Perugia, Italy
| | - Mauro Pessia
- 6 Section of Physiology & Biochemistry, Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine & Surgery, University of Perugia, P.le Gambuli 1, Edificio D, Piano 106132 San Sisto, Perugia, Italy 7 Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, USA
| | - Katherine A Fawcett
- 8 CGAT Programme, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - David Sims
- 8 CGAT Programme, MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Elodie Gillard
- 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Karl Hudspith
- 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Paul Skehel
- 3 Centre for Integrative Physiology, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jonathan Williams
- 9 Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
| | - Mary O'Regan
- 10 Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow G3 8SJ, UK
| | - Sandeep Jayawant
- 11 Department of Paediatrics, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Rosalind Jefferson
- 12 Department of Paediatrics, Royal Berkshire Foundation Trust Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Sarah Hughes
- 12 Department of Paediatrics, Royal Berkshire Foundation Trust Hospital, Reading, UK
| | - Andrea Lustenberger
- 13 Department of Neuropaediatrics, Development and Rehabilitation, University Children's Hospital, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jiannis Ragoussis
- 1 Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Mandy Jackson
- 3 Centre for Integrative Physiology, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen J Tucker
- 14 Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK 15 OXION Initiative in Ion Channels and Disease, University of Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Andrea H Németh
- 4 Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK 16 Department of Clinical Genetics, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, OX3 7LJ, UK
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