1
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Langdon CG. Nuclear PTEN's Functions in Suppressing Tumorigenesis: Implications for Rare Cancers. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020259. [PMID: 36830628 PMCID: PMC9953540 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) encodes a tumor-suppressive phosphatase with both lipid and protein phosphatase activity. The tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN are lost through a variety of mechanisms across a wide spectrum of human malignancies, including several rare cancers that affect pediatric and adult populations. Originally discovered and characterized as a negative regulator of the cytoplasmic, pro-oncogenic phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, PTEN is also localized to the nucleus where it can exert tumor-suppressive functions in a PI3K pathway-independent manner. Cancers can usurp the tumor-suppressive functions of PTEN to promote oncogenesis by disrupting homeostatic subcellular PTEN localization. The objective of this review is to describe the changes seen in PTEN subcellular localization during tumorigenesis, how PTEN enters the nucleus, and the spectrum of impacts and consequences arising from disrupted PTEN nuclear localization on tumor promotion. This review will highlight the immediate need in understanding not only the cytoplasmic but also the nuclear functions of PTEN to gain more complete insights into how important PTEN is in preventing human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey G. Langdon
- Department of Pediatrics, Darby Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; ; Tel.: +1-(843)-792-9289
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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2
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Mu R, Ma Z, Lu C, Wang H, Cheng X, Tuo B, Fan Y, Liu X, Li T. Role of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2021. [PMID: 34765287 DOI: 10.2156/j.ajcr.2021.11.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of thyroid cancer and breast cancer is increasing year by year, and the specific pathogenesis is unclear. Posttranslational modifications constitute an important regulatory mechanism that affects the function of almost all proteins, are essential for a diverse and well-functioning proteome and can integrate metabolism with physiological and pathological processes. In recent years, posttranslational modifications, which mainly include metabolic enzyme-mediated protein posttranslational modifications, such as methylation, phosphorylation, acetylation and succinylation, have become a research hotspot. Among these modifications, lysine succinylation is a newly discovered broad-spectrum, dynamic, non-enzymatic protein post-translational modification, and it plays an important regulatory role in a variety of tumors. Studies have shown that succinylation can affect the synthesis of thyroid hormones, and the regulation of this post-translational modification can inhibit the apoptosis and migration of thyroid cancer cell lines, and promote breast cancer cell proliferation, DNA damage repair and autophagy-related regulation. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of succinylation in thyroid cancer and breast cancer is currently unclear. Therefore, this article mainly reviews the research progress of succinylation modification in thyroid cancer and breast cancer. It is expected to provide new directions and targets for the prevention and treatment of thyroid cancer and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renmin Mu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Chengli Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Hu Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yi Fan
- Endoscopy Center, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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3
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Bayesian Gene Selection Based on Pathway Information and Network-Constrained Regularization. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2021; 2021:7471516. [PMID: 34394707 PMCID: PMC8360753 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7471516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
High-throughput data make it possible to study expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously under a particular condition. However, only few of the genes are discriminatively expressed. How to identify these biomarkers precisely is significant for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Many studies utilized pathway information to identify the biomarkers. However, most of these studies only incorporate the group information while the pathway structural information is ignored. In this paper, we proposed a Bayesian gene selection with a network-constrained regularization method, which can incorporate the pathway structural information as priors to perform gene selection. All the priors are conjugated; thus, the parameters can be estimated effectively through Gibbs sampling. We present the application of our method on 6 microarray datasets, comparing with Bayesian Lasso, Bayesian Elastic Net, and Bayesian Fused Lasso. The results show that our method performs better than other Bayesian methods and pathway structural information can improve the result.
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4
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Hu X, Tan S, Yin H, Khoso PA, Xu Z, Li S. Selenium-mediated gga-miR-29a-3p regulates LMH cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by targeting COL4A2. Metallomics 2021; 12:449-459. [PMID: 32039426 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00266a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that has several functions in cellular processes related to cancer prevention. While the cancericidal effect of Se has been reported in liver cancer, the mechanism has not been clarified. MiR-29a has widely been reported as a tumor suppressor; however, it also acts as a carcinogenic agent by increasing cell invasion in human epithelial cancer cells and hepatoma cells. In a previous study, we found that miR-29a-3p is a Se-sensitive miRNA. However, its effect in the chicken hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (LMH) is still unknown. In the present study, we found that the expression of miR-29a-3p in LMH cells was decreased by Se supplementation and increased under Se-deficient conditions. Flow cytometry and CCK-8 results suggested that Se decreased LMH cell proliferation induced by miR-29a-3p overexpression. Transwell and gap-closure assays implied that Se mediated LMH cell invasion and migration by downregulating miR-29a-3p. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting results suggested that Se mitigated miR-29a-3p overexpression-induced LMH cell proliferation by downregulating CDK2, cyclin-D1, CDK6, and cyclin-E1. We further demonstrated that collagen type IV alpha 2 (COL4A2) is a target gene of miR-29a-3p. COL4A2 activates the RhoA/ROCK pathway to promote LMH cell invasion and migration. In conclusion, Se mediated miR-29a-3p overexpression induced LMH cell invasion and migration by targeting COL4A2 to inactivate the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyuan Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Siran Tan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Pervez Ahmed Khoso
- Shaheed Benazir Bhutto, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Sakrand, Pakistan
| | - Zhe Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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5
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Ho J, Cruise ES, Dowling RJO, Stambolic V. PTEN Nuclear Functions. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2020; 10:cshperspect.a036079. [PMID: 31712221 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For years, clinical and basic researchers have been aware of the presence of PTEN in the nucleus in cell culture, animal models, and both healthy and diseased human tissues. Despite the early recognition of nuclear PTEN, the understanding of the mechanisms of its nuclear localization, function in the nucleus, and importance in biology and human disease has been lacking. Over the last decade, emerging concepts for the complex involvement of nuclear PTEN in a variety of processes, including genome maintenance and DNA repair, cell-cycle control, gene expression, and DNA replication, are illuminating what could prove to be the key path toward a full understanding of PTEN function in health and disease. Dysregulation of nuclear PTEN is now considered an important aspect of the etiology of many pathologic conditions, prompting reconsideration of the therapeutic approaches aimed at countering the consequences of PTEN deficiency. This new knowledge is fueling the development of innovative therapeutic modalities for a broad spectrum of human conditions, from cancer and metabolic diseases, to neurological disorders and autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Ho
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Edward S Cruise
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Ryan J O Dowling
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Vuk Stambolic
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
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6
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Abstract
Germline pathogenic phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) mutations cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), characterized by various benign and malignant tumors of the thyroid, breast, endometrium, and other organs. Patients with PHTS may present with other clinical features such as macrocephaly, intestinal polyposis, cognitive changes, and pathognomonic skin changes. Clinically, deregulation of PTEN function is implicated in other human diseases in addition to many types of human cancer. PTEN is an important phosphatase that counteracts one of the most critical cancer pathways: the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathways. Although PTEN can dephosphorylate lipids and proteins, it also has functions independent of phosphatase activity in normal and pathological states. It is positively and negatively regulated at the transcriptional level as well as posttranslationally by phosphorylation, ubiquitylation, oxidation, and acetylation. Although most of its tumor-suppressor activity is likely to be caused by lipid dephosphorylation at the plasma membrane, PTEN also resides in the cytoplasm and nucleus, and its subcellular distribution is under strict control. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of PTEN function and recent discoveries in understanding PTEN function regulation and how this can be exploited therapeutically for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Ngeow
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.,Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore 169610.,Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.,Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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7
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Multifaceted Regulation of PTEN Subcellular Distributions and Biological Functions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091247. [PMID: 31454965 PMCID: PMC6770588 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is a tumor suppressor gene frequently found to be inactivated in over 30% of human cancers. PTEN encodes a 54-kDa lipid phosphatase that serves as a gatekeeper of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway involved in the promotion of multiple pro-tumorigenic phenotypes. Although the PTEN protein plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis, cumulative evidence has implicated it as a key signaling molecule in several other diseases as well, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorders. This finding suggests that diverse cell types, especially differentiated cells, express PTEN. At the cellular level, PTEN is widely distributed in all subcellular compartments and organelles. Surprisingly, the cytoplasmic compartment, not the plasma membrane, is the predominant subcellular location of PTEN. More recently, the finding of a secreted 'long' isoform of PTEN and the presence of PTEN in the cell nucleus further revealed unexpected biological functions of this multifaceted molecule. At the regulatory level, PTEN activity, stability, and subcellular distribution are modulated by a fascinating array of post-translational modification events, including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. Dysregulation of these regulatory mechanisms has been observed in various human diseases. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of the knowledge gained in the last decade on how different functional domains of PTEN regulate its biological functions, with special emphasis on its subcellular distribution. This review also highlights the findings of published studies that have reported how mutational alterations in specific PTEN domains can lead to pathogenesis in humans.
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8
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Wei W, Hardin H, Luo QY. Targeting autophagy in thyroid cancers. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 26:R181-R194. [PMID: 30667364 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. Although the prognosis for the majority of thyroid cancers is relatively good, patients with metastatic, radioiodine-refractory or anaplastic thyroid cancers have an unfavorable outcome. With the gradual understanding of the oncogenic events in thyroid cancers, molecularly targeted therapy using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is greatly changing the therapeutic landscape of radioiodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancers (RR-DTCs), but intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, as well as adverse effects, may limit their clinical efficacy and use. In this setting, development of synergistic treatment options is of clinical significance, which may enhance the therapeutic effect of current TKIs and further overcome the resultant drug resistance. Autophagy is a critical cellular process involved not only in protecting cells and organisms from stressors but also in the maintenance and development of various kinds of cancers. Substantial studies have explored the complex role of autophagy in thyroid cancers. Specifically, autophagy plays important roles in mediating the drug resistance of small-molecular therapeutics, in regulating the dedifferentiation process of thyroid cancers and also in affecting the treatment outcome of radioiodine therapy. Exploring how autophagy intertwines in the development and dedifferentiation process of thyroid cancers is essential, which will enable a more profound understanding of the physiopathology of thyroid cancers. More importantly, these advances may fuel future development of autophagy-targeted therapeutic strategies for patients with thyroid cancers. Herein, we summarize the most recent evidence uncovering the role of autophagy in thyroid cancers and highlight future research perspectives in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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9
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Yehia L, Ngeow J, Eng C. PTEN-opathies: from biological insights to evidence-based precision medicine. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:452-464. [PMID: 30614812 DOI: 10.1172/jci121277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) classically counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascade. Germline pathogenic PTEN mutations cause PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), featuring various benign and malignant tumors, as well as neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder. Germline and somatic mosaic mutations in genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN predispose to syndromes with partially overlapping clinical features, termed the "PTEN-opathies." Experimental models of PTEN pathway disruption uncover the molecular and cellular processes influencing clinical phenotypic manifestations. Such insights not only teach us about biological mechanisms in states of health and disease, but also enable more accurate gene-informed cancer risk assessment, medical management, and targeted therapeutics. Hence, the PTEN-opathies serve as a prototype for bedside to bench, and back to the bedside, practice of evidence-based precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore.,Cancer Genetics Service, Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore.,Oncology Academic Program, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Germline High Risk Cancer Focus Group, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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10
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Yehia L, Eng C. 65 YEARS OF THE DOUBLE HELIX: One gene, many endocrine and metabolic syndromes: PTEN-opathies and precision medicine. Endocr Relat Cancer 2018; 25:T121-T140. [PMID: 29792313 DOI: 10.1530/erc-18-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
An average of 10% of all cancers (range 1-40%) are caused by heritable mutations and over the years have become powerful models for precision medicine practice. Furthermore, such cancer predisposition genes for seemingly rare syndromes have turned out to help explain mechanisms of sporadic carcinogenesis and often inform normal development. The tumor suppressor PTEN encodes a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that counteracts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade - one of the most critical growth-promoting signaling pathways. Clinically, individuals with germline PTEN mutations have diverse phenotypes and fall under the umbrella term PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS). PHTS encompasses four clinically distinct allelic overgrowth syndromes, namely Cowden, Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba, Proteus and Proteus-like syndromes. Relatedly, mutations in other genes encoding components of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway downstream of PTEN also predispose patients to partially overlapping clinical manifestations, with similar effects as PTEN malfunction. We refer to these syndromes as 'PTEN-opathies.' As a tumor suppressor and key regulator of normal development, PTEN dysfunction can cause a spectrum of phenotypes including benign overgrowths, malignancies, metabolic and neurodevelopmental disorders. Relevant to clinical practice, the identification of PTEN mutations in patients not only establishes a PHTS molecular diagnosis, but also informs on more accurate cancer risk assessment and medical management of those patients and affected family members. Importantly, timely diagnosis is key, as early recognition allows for preventative measures such as high-risk screening and surveillance even prior to cancer onset. This review highlights the translational impact that the discovery of PTEN has had on the diagnosis, management and treatment of PHTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Yehia
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine InstituteLerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Taussig Cancer InstituteCleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome SciencesCase Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Germline High Risk Cancer Focus GroupCASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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11
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Liu P, Liang Y, Jiang L, Wang H, Wang S, Dong J. CX3CL1/fractalkine enhances prostate cancer spinal metastasis by activating the Src/FAK pathway. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:1544-1556. [PMID: 30066854 PMCID: PMC6086625 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokines serve important roles in the development of cancer. C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) has been demonstrated to promote metastases in different types of tumors. The authors' previous studies demonstrated that the CX3CL1 (also termed fractalkine)/steroid receptor coactivator (Src)/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling pathway is associated with spinal metastasis. In the present study, it was observed that CX3CL1/C-X3-C motif chemokine receptor 1 (CX3CR1) was overexpressed in prostate cancer tissues with spinal metastasis compared with primary tumors. Overexpression of CX3CR1 induced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and inhibited cellular apoptosis. However, repression of CX3CR1 reduced cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and increased cellular apoptosis. In addition, the Src/FAK pathway was activated by CX3CL1, which depends on the Tyr992 residue of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) for phosphorylation. The inhibitors of these kinases repressed the cell migration induced by CX3CL1 or CX3CR1 overexpression. Furthermore, overexpression of CX3CR1 induced the spinal metastasis of prostate cancer in an in vivo mouse model. Therefore, CX3CL1 and its regulation of the EGFR, Src and FAK pathways may be potential targets for the early prevention of spinal metastasis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yun Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Libo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Houlei Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shengxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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12
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A pathogenic role for germline PTEN variants which accumulate into the nucleus. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1180-1187. [PMID: 29706633 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0155-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene encodes a master regulator protein that exerts essential functions both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus. PTEN is mutated in the germline of both patients with heterogeneous tumor syndromic diseases, categorized as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS), and a group affected with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Previous studies have unveiled the functional heterogeneity of PTEN variants found in both patient cohorts, making functional studies necessary to provide mechanistic insights related to their pathogenicity. Here, we have functionally characterized a PTEN missense variant [c.49C>G; p.(Gln17Glu); Q17E] associated to both PHTS and ASD patients. The PTEN Q17E variant displayed partially reduced PIP3-catalytic activity and normal stability in cells, as shown using S. cerevisiae and mammalian cell experimental models. Remarkably, PTEN Q17E accumulated in the nucleus, in a process involving the PTEN N-terminal nuclear localization sequence. The analysis of additional germline-associated PTEN N-terminal variants illustrated the existence of a PTEN N-terminal region whose targeting in disease causes PTEN nuclear accumulation, in parallel with defects in PIP3-catalytic activity in cells. Our findings highlight the frequent occurrence of PTEN gene mutations targeting PTEN N-terminus whose pathogenicity may be related, at least in part, with the retention of PTEN in the nucleus. This could be important for the implementation of precision therapies for patients with alterations in the PTEN pathway.
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13
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Ashtekar A, Huk D, Magner A, La Perle K, Zhang X, Piruat JI, López-Barneo J, Jhiang SM, Kirschner LS. Sdhd ablation promotes thyroid tumorigenesis by inducing a stem-like phenotype. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24:579-591. [PMID: 28928232 PMCID: PMC5650926 DOI: 10.1530/erc-17-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in genes encoding enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA, also known as the Krebs cycle) have been implicated as causative genetic lesions in a number of human cancers, including renal cell cancers, glioblastomas and pheochromocytomas. In recent studies, missense mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex have also been proposed to cause differentiated thyroid cancer. In order to gain mechanistic insight into this process, we generated mice lacking the SDH subunit D (Sdhd) in the thyroid. We report that these mice develop enlarged thyroid glands with follicle hypercellularity and increased proliferation. In vitro, human thyroid cell lines with knockdown of SDHD exhibit an enhanced migratory capability, despite no change in proliferative capacity. Interestingly, these cells acquire stem-like features which are also observed in the mouse tumors. The stem-like characteristics are reversed by α-ketoglutarate, suggesting that SDH-associated tumorigenesis results from dedifferentiation driven by an imbalance in cellular metabolites of the TCA cycle. The results of this study reveal a metabolic vulnerability for potential future treatment of SDH-associated neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Ashtekar
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Danielle Huk
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Alexa Magner
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Krista La Perle
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences and Comparative Pathology & Mouse Phenotyping Shared ResourceThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of BiostatisticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - José I Piruat
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío CSIC Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José López-Barneo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío CSIC Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Sissy M Jhiang
- Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Lawrence S Kirschner
- Department of Cancer Biology and GeneticsThe Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of EndocrinologyDiabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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14
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Yu W, Ni Y, Saji M, Ringel MD, Jaini R, Eng C. Cowden syndrome-associated germline succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D (SDHD) variants cause PTEN-mediated down-regulation of autophagy in thyroid cancer cells. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:1365-1375. [PMID: 28164237 PMCID: PMC5390680 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a major component cancer of Cowden syndrome (CS), a disorder typically associated with germline mutations in PTEN. Germline variants in succinate dehydrogenase genes (SDHx) co-occurring with PTEN germline mutations confer a 2-fold increased prevalence (OR 2.7) of thyroid cancer compared to PTEN-associated CS but 50% decreased prevalence (OR 0.54) of thyroid cancer compared to SDHx-associated CS. We have previously shown that CS-associated SDHD variants G12S and H50R induce PTEN oxidation and nuclear accumulation in thyroid cancer. Our current study shows that SDHD-G12S and -H50R variants cause down-regulation of autophagy, demonstrating a role for SDHD in autophagy-associated pathogenesis of differentiated thyroid cancer. These findings could explain the increased prevalence of thyroid cancer in CS patients with SDHx germline mutations compared to those with PTEN mutations alone. Importantly, we demonstrate the dependence of this process on functional wild-type PTEN with reversal of decreased autophagy after PTEN knockdown. The latter could explain the clinically observed decrease in thyroid cancer prevalence in patients with co-existent PTEN mutations and SDHx variants. We also show that SDHD-G12S/H50R promotes mono-ubiquitination of PTEN, causing its translocation into the nucleus, upregulation of AKT and consequent phosphorylation of FOXO3a. Furthermore, SDHD-G12S/H50R-mediated increase in acetylation of FOXO3a further enhances AKT-associated phosphorylation of FOXO3a. This combination of phosphorylation and acetylation of FOXO3a results in its nuclear export for degradation and consequent down-regulation of FOXO3a-target autophagy-related gene (ATG) expression. Overall, our study reveals a novel mechanism of crosstalk amongst SDHD, PTEN and autophagy pathways and their potential roles in thyroid carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Yu
- Genomic Medicine Institute.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Ying Ni
- Genomic Medicine Institute.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Motoyasu Saji
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine.,Molecular Biology and Cancer Genetics Program, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Ritika Jaini
- Genomic Medicine Institute.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Germline High Risk Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute.,Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Germline High Risk Focus Group, CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.,Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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15
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De Sousa SMC, McCabe MJ, Wu K, Roscioli T, Gayevskiy V, Brook K, Rawlings L, Scott HS, Thompson TJ, Earls P, Gill AJ, Cowley MJ, Dinger ME, McCormack AI. Germline variants in familial pituitary tumour syndrome genes are common in young patients and families with additional endocrine tumours. Eur J Endocrinol 2017; 176:635-644. [PMID: 28220018 DOI: 10.1530/eje-16-0944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Familial pituitary tumour syndromes (FPTS) account for 5% of pituitary adenomas. Multi-gene analysis via next-generation sequencing (NGS) may unveil greater prevalence and inform clinical care. We aimed to identify germline variants in selected patients with pituitary adenomas using a targeted NGS panel. DESIGN We undertook a nationwide cross-sectional study of patients with pituitary adenomas with onset ≤40 years of age and/or other personal/family history of endocrine neoplasia. A custom NGS panel was performed on germline DNA to interrogate eight FPTS genes. Genome data were analysed via a custom bioinformatic pipeline, and validation was performed by Sanger sequencing. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) was performed in cases with heightened suspicion for MEN1, CDKN1B and AIP mutations. The main outcomes were frequency and pathogenicity of rare variants in AIP, CDKN1B, MEN1, PRKAR1A, SDHA, SDHB, SDHC and SDHD. RESULTS Forty-four patients with pituitary tumours, 14 of whom had a personal history of other endocrine tumours and/or a family history of pituitary or other endocrine tumours, were referred from endocrine tertiary-referral centres across Australia. Eleven patients (25%) had a rare variant across the eight FPTS genes tested: AIP (p.A299V, p.R106C, p.F269F, p.R304X, p.K156K, p.R271W), MEN1 (p.R176Q), SDHB (p.A2V, p.S8S), SDHC (p.E110Q) and SDHD (p.G12S), with two patients harbouring dual variants. Variants were classified as pathogenic or of uncertain significance in 9/44 patients (20%). No deletions/duplications were identified in MEN1, CDKN1B or AIP. CONCLUSIONS A high yield of rare variants in genes implicated in FPTS can be found in selected patients using an NGS panel. It may also identify individuals harbouring more than one rare variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita M C De Sousa
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Endocrine and Metabolic UnitRoyal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Mark J McCabe
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathy Wu
- Familial Cancer ServiceWestmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony Roscioli
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Medical GeneticsSydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Velimir Gayevskiy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Katelyn Brook
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Lesley Rawlings
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hamish S Scott
- Department of Genetics and Molecular PathologyCentre for Cancer Biology, an SA Pathology and UniSA alliance, Adelaide, Australia
- School of MedicineUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- ACRF Cancer Genomics FacilityCentre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya J Thompson
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter Earls
- School of Pharmacy and Medical SciencesUniversity of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Anthony J Gill
- School of MedicineUniversity of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Cancer Diagnosis and Pathology GroupKolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Vital Translational Cancer Research CentreRoyal North Shore Hospital and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical GenomicsGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann I McCormack
- Hormones and Cancer GroupGarvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of EndocrinologySt Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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16
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Spira A, Yurgelun MB, Alexandrov L, Rao A, Bejar R, Polyak K, Giannakis M, Shilatifard A, Finn OJ, Dhodapkar M, Kay NE, Braggio E, Vilar E, Mazzilli SA, Rebbeck TR, Garber JE, Velculescu VE, Disis ML, Wallace DC, Lippman SM. Precancer Atlas to Drive Precision Prevention Trials. Cancer Res 2017; 77:1510-1541. [PMID: 28373404 PMCID: PMC6681830 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer development is a complex process driven by inherited and acquired molecular and cellular alterations. Prevention is the holy grail of cancer elimination, but making this a reality will take a fundamental rethinking and deep understanding of premalignant biology. In this Perspective, we propose a national concerted effort to create a Precancer Atlas (PCA), integrating multi-omics and immunity - basic tenets of the neoplastic process. The biology of neoplasia caused by germline mutations has led to paradigm-changing precision prevention efforts, including: tumor testing for mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency in Lynch syndrome establishing a new paradigm, combinatorial chemoprevention efficacy in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), signal of benefit from imaging-based early detection research in high-germline risk for pancreatic neoplasia, elucidating early ontogeny in BRCA1-mutation carriers leading to an international breast cancer prevention trial, and insights into the intricate germline-somatic-immunity interaction landscape. Emerging genetic and pharmacologic (metformin) disruption of mitochondrial (mt) respiration increased autophagy to prevent cancer in a Li-Fraumeni mouse model (biology reproduced in clinical pilot) and revealed profound influences of subtle changes in mt DNA background variation on obesity, aging, and cancer risk. The elaborate communication between the immune system and neoplasia includes an increasingly complex cellular microenvironment and dynamic interactions between host genetics, environmental factors, and microbes in shaping the immune response. Cancer vaccines are in early murine and clinical precancer studies, building on the recent successes of immunotherapy and HPV vaccine immune prevention. Molecular monitoring in Barrett's esophagus to avoid overdiagnosis/treatment highlights an important PCA theme. Next generation sequencing (NGS) discovered age-related clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Ultra-deep NGS reports over the past year have redefined the premalignant landscape remarkably identifying tiny clones in the blood of up to 95% of women in their 50s, suggesting that potentially premalignant clones are ubiquitous. Similar data from eyelid skin and peritoneal and uterine lavage fluid provide unprecedented opportunities to dissect the earliest phases of stem/progenitor clonal (and microenvironment) evolution/diversity with new single-cell and liquid biopsy technologies. Cancer mutational signatures reflect exogenous or endogenous processes imprinted over time in precursors. Accelerating the prevention of cancer will require a large-scale, longitudinal effort, leveraging diverse disciplines (from genetics, biochemistry, and immunology to mathematics, computational biology, and engineering), initiatives, technologies, and models in developing an integrated multi-omics and immunity PCA - an immense national resource to interrogate, target, and intercept events that drive oncogenesis. Cancer Res; 77(7); 1510-41. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avrum Spira
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew B Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ludmil Alexandrov
- Theoretical Division, Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Anjana Rao
- Division of Signaling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California
| | - Rafael Bejar
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Kornelia Polyak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marios Giannakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ali Shilatifard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Olivera J Finn
- Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Neil E Kay
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Esteban Braggio
- Department of Hematology, Mayo Clinic Hospital, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Eduardo Vilar
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pathology and Bioinformatics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Timothy R Rebbeck
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Judy E Garber
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Victor E Velculescu
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary L Disis
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine in Women's Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Douglas C Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Scott M Lippman
- Department of Medicine, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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17
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Geeleher P, Cox NJ, Huang RS. Cancer biomarker discovery is improved by accounting for variability in general levels of drug sensitivity in pre-clinical models. Genome Biol 2016; 17:190. [PMID: 27654937 PMCID: PMC5031330 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1050-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We show that variability in general levels of drug sensitivity in pre-clinical cancer models confounds biomarker discovery. However, using a very large panel of cell lines, each treated with many drugs, we could estimate a general level of sensitivity to all drugs in each cell line. By conditioning on this variable, biomarkers were identified that were more likely to be effective in clinical trials than those identified using a conventional uncorrected approach. We find that differences in general levels of drug sensitivity are driven by biologically relevant processes. We developed a gene expression based method that can be used to correct for this confounder in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Geeleher
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD room 7148, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Nancy J Cox
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.,Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Stephanie Huang
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, 900 E 57th Street, KCBD room 7148, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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18
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Pain M, Darbinyan A, Fowkes M, Shrivastava R. Multiple Meningiomas in a Patient with Cowden Syndrome. J Neurol Surg Rep 2016; 77:e128-33. [PMID: 27563534 PMCID: PMC4996671 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cowden syndrome is a rare, multisystem disease manifesting with increased hamartomas and neoplasms. Though meningioma has been documented in patients with Cowden syndrome, the relationship between these two phenomena is still unclear. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a case of a 43-year-old female patient with a known PTEN mutation and clinical history of Cowden syndrome. A workup of headache demonstrated two skull base meningiomas. At the time of surgery, several additional tiny meningiomas were detected in the same region. CONCLUSIONS The development of multiple meningiomas in a patient with predisposition for tumor is more than coincidental. Though PTEN mutations and deletions have not been shown to be critical for meningioma development, this case challenges that conclusion. In light of recent genetic advances in meningioma molecular pathogenesis, the role of the PTEN/AKT/PI3K pathway is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Pain
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Armine Darbinyan
- Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Mary Fowkes
- Department of Pathology, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, United States
| | - Raj Shrivastava
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, United States
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19
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Bennedbæk M, Rossing M, Rasmussen ÅK, Gerdes AM, Skytte AB, Jensen UB, Nielsen FC, Hansen TVO. Identification of eight novel SDHB, SDHC, SDHD germline variants in Danish pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma patients. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2016; 14:13. [PMID: 27279923 PMCID: PMC4898401 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-016-0053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline mutations in the succinate dehydrogenase complex genes SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD predispose to pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Here, we examine the SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD mutation spectrum in the Danish population by screening of 143 Danish pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma patients. Methods Mutational screening was performed by Sanger sequencing or next-generation sequencing. The frequencies of variants of unknown clinical significance, e.g. intronic, missense, and synonymous variants, were determined using the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, while the significance of missense mutations was predicted by in silico and loss of heterozygosity analysis when possible. Results We report 18 germline variants; nine in SDHB, six in SDHC, and three in SDHD. Of these 18 variants, eight are novel. We classify 12 variants as likely pathogenic/pathogenic, one as likely benign, and five as variants of unknown clinical significance. Conclusions Identifying and classifying SDHB, SDHC, and SDHD variants present in the Danish population will augment the growing knowledge on variants in these genes and may support future clinical risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Bennedbæk
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Åse K Rasmussen
- Department of Medical Endocrinology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Marie Gerdes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Bine Skytte
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21 C, Aarhus N, 8200 Denmark
| | - Uffe B Jensen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Aarhus University Hospital, Brendstrupgaardsvej 21 C, Aarhus N, 8200 Denmark
| | - Finn C Nielsen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas V O Hansen
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 9, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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20
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Pulido R. PTEN: a yin-yang master regulator protein in health and disease. Methods 2016; 77-78:3-10. [PMID: 25843297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor gene frequently mutated in human tumors, which encodes a ubiquitous protein whose major activity is to act as a lipid phosphatase that counteracts the action of the oncogenic PI3K. In addition, PTEN displays protein phosphatase- and catalytically-independent activities. The physiologic control of PTEN function, and its inactivation in cancer and other human diseases, including some neurodevelopmental disorders, is upon the action of multiple regulatory mechanisms. This provides a wide spectrum of potential therapeutic approaches to reconstitute PTEN activity. By contrast, inhibition of PTEN function may be beneficial in a different group of human diseases, such as type 2 diabetes or neuroregeneration-related pathologies. This makes PTEN a functionally dual yin-yang protein with high potential in the clinics. Here, a brief overview on PTEN and its relation with human disease is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pulido
- BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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21
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Yehia L, Niazi F, Ni Y, Ngeow J, Sankunny M, Liu Z, Wei W, Mester J, Keri R, Zhang B, Eng C. Germline Heterozygous Variants in SEC23B Are Associated with Cowden Syndrome and Enriched in Apparently Sporadic Thyroid Cancer. Am J Hum Genet 2015; 97:661-76. [PMID: 26522472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-predisposing genes associated with inherited cancer syndromes help explain mechanisms of sporadic carcinogenesis and often inform normal development. Cowden syndrome (CS) is an autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by high lifetime risks of epithelial cancers, such that ∼50% of affected individuals are wild-type for known cancer-predisposing genes. Using whole-exome and Sanger sequencing of a multi-generation CS family affected by thyroid and other cancers, we identified a pathogenic missense heterozygous SEC23B variant (c.1781T>G [p.Val594Gly]) that segregates with the phenotype. We also found germline heterozygous SEC23B variants in 3/96 (3%) unrelated mutation-negative CS probands with thyroid cancer and in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), representing apparently sporadic cancers. We note that the TCGA thyroid cancer dataset is enriched with unique germline deleterious SEC23B variants associated with a significantly younger age of onset. SEC23B encodes Sec23 homolog B (S. cerevisiae), a component of coat protein complex II (COPII), which transports proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, germline homozygous or compound-heterozygous SEC23B mutations cause an unrelated disorder, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type II, and SEC23B-deficient mice suffer from secretory organ degeneration due to ER-stress-associated apoptosis. By characterizing the p.Val594Gly variant in a normal thyroid cell line, we show that it is a functional alteration that results in ER-stress-mediated cell-colony formation and survival, growth, and invasion, which reflect aspects of a cancer phenotype. Our findings suggest a different role for SEC23B, whereby germline heterozygous variants associate with cancer predisposition potentially mediated by ER stress "addiction."
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22
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Nguyen HN, Yang JM, Miyamoto T, Itoh K, Rho E, Zhang Q, Inoue T, Devreotes PN, Sesaki H, Iijima M. Opening the conformation is a master switch for the dual localization and phosphatase activity of PTEN. Sci Rep 2015. [PMID: 26216063 PMCID: PMC4517176 DOI: 10.1038/srep12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor suppressor PTEN mainly functions at two subcellular locations, the plasma membrane and the nucleus. At the plasma membrane, PTEN dephosphorylates the tumorigenic second messenger PIP3, which drives cell proliferation and migration. In the nucleus, PTEN controls DNA repair and genome stability independently of PIP3. Whereas the concept that a conformational change regulates protein function through post-translational modifications has been well established in biology, it is unknown whether a conformational change simultaneously controls dual subcellular localizations of proteins. Here, we discovered that opening the conformation of PTEN is the crucial upstream event that determines its key dual localizations of this crucial tumor suppressor. We identify a critical conformational switch that regulates PTEN's localization. Most PTEN molecules are held in the cytosol in a closed conformation by intramolecular interactions between the C-terminal tail and core region. Dephosphorylation of the tail opens the conformation and exposes the membrane-binding regulatory interface in the core region, recruiting PTEN to the membrane. Moreover, a lysine at residue 13 is also exposed and when ubiquitinated, transports PTEN to the nucleus. Thus, opening the conformation of PTEN is a key mechanism that enhances its dual localization and enzymatic activity, providing a potential therapeutic strategy in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoai-Nghia Nguyen
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Jr-Ming Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Takafumi Miyamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Kie Itoh
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Elmer Rho
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Takanari Inoue
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Peter N Devreotes
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Miho Iijima
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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23
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Ni Y, Seballos S, Ganapathi S, Gurin D, Fletcher B, Ngeow J, Nagy R, Kloos RT, Ringel MD, LaFramboise T, Eng C. Germline and somatic SDHx alterations in apparently sporadic differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2015; 22:121-30. [PMID: 25694510 PMCID: PMC4335266 DOI: 10.1530/erc-14-0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Along with breast and endometrial cancers, thyroid cancer is a major component cancer in Cowden syndrome (CS). Germline variants in SDHB/C/D (SDHx) genes account for subsets of CS/CS-like cases, conferring a higher risk of breast and thyroid cancers over those with only germline PTEN mutations. To investigate whether SDHx alterations at both germline and somatic levels occur in apparently sporadic breast cancer and differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), we analyzed SDHx genes in the following four groups: i) 48 individuals with sporadic invasive breast adenocarcinoma for germline mutation; ii) 48 (expanded to 241) DTC for germline mutation; iii) 37 pairs DTC tumor-normal tissues for germline and somatic mutation and mRNA expression levels; and iv) data from 476 patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas thyroid carcinoma dataset for validation. No germline SDHx variant was found in a pilot series of 48 breast cancer cases. As germline SDHx variants were found in our pilot of 48 thyroid cancer cases, we expanded to three series of DTC comprising a total 754 cases, and found 48 (6%) with germline SDHx variants (P<0.001 compared with 0/350 controls). In 513 tumors, we found 27 (5%) with large somatic duplications within chromosome 1 encompassing SDHC. Both papillary and follicular thyroid tumors showed consistent loss of SDHC/D gene expression (P<0.001), which is associated with earlier disease onset and higher pathological-TNM stage. Therefore, we conclude that both germline and somatic SDHx mutations/variants occur in sporadic DTC but are very rare in sporadic breast cancer, and overall loss of SDHx gene expression is a signature of DTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ni
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44116, USA
| | - Spencer Seballos
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Shireen Ganapathi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Danielle Gurin
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Benjamin Fletcher
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Joanne Ngeow
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Center, Singapore, 169610, Singapore
| | - Rebecca Nagy
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard G. Solove Research Institute,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Richard T Kloos
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard G. Solove Research Institute,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Matthew D Ringel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard G. Solove Research Institute,The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, 43210, USA
| | - Thomas LaFramboise
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44116, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Clevland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Stanley Shalom Zielony Nursing Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, NE-50, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, 44106, USA
- CASE Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, 44116, USA
- Correspondence should be addressed to C Eng
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