1
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Vohra M, Sharma AR, Mallya S, Prabhu NB, Jayaram P, Nagri SK, Umakanth S, Rai PS. Implications of genetic variations, differential gene expression, and allele-specific expression on metformin response in drug-naïve type 2 diabetes. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 46:1205-1218. [PMID: 36528847 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metformin is widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals. Clinically, inter-individual variability of metformin response is of significant concern and is under interrogation. In this study, a targeted exome and whole transcriptome analysis were performed to identify predictive biomarkers of metformin response in drug-naïve T2DM individuals. METHODS The study followed a prospective study design. Drug-naïve T2DM individuals (n = 192) and controls (n = 223) were enrolled. T2DM individuals were administered with metformin monotherapy and defined as responders and non-responders based on their glycated haemoglobin change over three months. 146 T2DM individuals were used for the final analysis and remaining samples were lost during the follow-up. Target exome sequencing and RNA-seq was performed to analyze genetic and transcriptome profile. The selected SNPs were validated by genotyping and allele specific gene expression using the TaqMan assay. The gene prioritization, enrichment analysis, drug-gene interactions, disease-gene association, and correlation analysis were performed using various tools and databases. RESULTS rs1050152 and rs272893 in SLC22A4 were associated with improved response to metformin. The copy number loss was observed in PPARGC1A in the non-responders. The expression analysis highlighted potential differentially expressed targets for predicting metformin response (n = 35) and T2DM (n = 14). The expression of GDF15, TWISTNB, and RPL36A genes showed a maximum correlation with the change in HbA1c levels. The disease-gene association analysis highlighted MAGI2 rs113805659 to be linked with T2DM. CONCLUSION The results provide evidence for the genetic variations, perturbed transcriptome, allele-specific gene expression, and pathways associated with metformin drug response in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vohra
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - A R Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - N B Prabhu
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P Jayaram
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S K Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - S Umakanth
- Department of Medicine, Dr. T.M.A. Pai Hospital, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - P S Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.
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2
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Hassan M, Awan FM, Naz A, deAndrés-Galiana EJ, Alvarez O, Cernea A, Fernández-Brillet L, Fernández-Martínez JL, Kloczkowski A. Innovations in Genomics and Big Data Analytics for Personalized Medicine and Health Care: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4645. [PMID: 35563034 PMCID: PMC9104788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Big data in health care is a fast-growing field and a new paradigm that is transforming case-based studies to large-scale, data-driven research. As big data is dependent on the advancement of new data standards, technology, and relevant research, the future development of big data applications holds foreseeable promise in the modern day health care revolution. Enormously large, rapidly growing collections of biomedical omics-data (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, glycomics, etc.) and clinical data create major challenges and opportunities for their analysis and interpretation and open new computational gateways to address these issues. The design of new robust algorithms that are most suitable to properly analyze this big data by taking into account individual variability in genes has enabled the creation of precision (personalized) medicine. We reviewed and highlighted the significance of big data analytics for personalized medicine and health care by focusing mostly on machine learning perspectives on personalized medicine, genomic data models with respect to personalized medicine, the application of data mining algorithms for personalized medicine as well as the challenges we are facing right now in big data analytics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Hassan
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Faryal Mehwish Awan
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, Pakistan;
| | - Anam Naz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore (UOL), Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Enrique J. deAndrés-Galiana
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (E.J.d.-G.); (J.L.F.-M.)
| | - Oscar Alvarez
- DeepBioInsights, 38311 La Florida, Spain; (O.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.-B.)
| | - Ana Cernea
- DeepBioInsights, 38311 La Florida, Spain; (O.A.); (A.C.); (L.F.-B.)
| | | | - Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain; (E.J.d.-G.); (J.L.F.-M.)
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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3
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A high-throughput real-time PCR tissue-of-origin test to distinguish blood from lymphoblastoid cell line DNA for (epi)genomic studies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4684. [PMID: 35304543 PMCID: PMC8933453 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08663-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derive from blood infected in vitro by Epstein–Barr virus and were used in several genetic, transcriptomic and epigenomic studies. Although few changes were shown between LCL and blood genotypes (SNPs) validating their use in genetics, more were highlighted for other genomic features and/or in their transcriptome and epigenome. This could render them less appropriate for these studies, notably when blood DNA could still be available. Here we developed a simple, high-throughput and cost-effective real-time PCR approach allowing to distinguish blood from LCL DNA samples based on the presence of EBV relative load and rearranged T-cell receptors γ and β. Our approach was able to achieve 98.5% sensitivity and 100% specificity on DNA of known origin (458 blood and 316 LCL DNA). It was further applied to 1957 DNA samples from the CEPH Aging cohort comprising DNA of uncertain origin, identifying 784 blood and 1016 LCL DNA. A subset of these DNA was further analyzed with an epigenetic clock indicating that DNA extracted from blood should be preferred to LCL for DNA methylation-based age prediction analysis. Our approach could thereby be a powerful tool to ascertain the origin of DNA in old collections prior to (epi)genomic studies.
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4
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Cairns J, Ly RC, Niu N, Kalari KR, Carlson EE, Wang L. CDC25B partners with PP2A to induce AMPK activation and tumor suppression in triple negative breast cancer. NAR Cancer 2020; 2:zcaa039. [PMID: 33385163 PMCID: PMC7751685 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcaa039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell division cycle 25 (CDC25) dual specificity phosphatases positively regulate the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinase/cyclin complexes. Here, we demonstrate that in addition to its role in cell cycle regulation, CDC25B functions as a regulator of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major cellular Ser/Thr phosphatase, through its direct interaction with PP2A catalytic subunit. Importantly, CDC25B alters the regulation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling (AMPK) by PP2A, increasing AMPK activity by inhibiting PP2A to dephosphorylate AMPK. CDC25B depletion leads to metformin resistance by inhibiting metformin-induced AMPK activation. Furthermore, dual inhibition of CDC25B and PP2A further inhibits growth of 3D organoids isolated from patient derived xenograft model of breast cancer compared to CDC25B inhibition alone. Our study identifies CDC25B as a regulator of PP2A, and uncovers a mechanism of controlling the activity of a key energy metabolism marker, AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Cairns
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Reynold C Ly
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Nifang Niu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Erin E Carlson
- Division of Biostatistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 507 284 5264; Fax: +1 507 284 4455;
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5
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Zayas J, Qin S, Yu J, Ingle JN, Wang L. Functional genomics based on germline genome-wide association studies of endocrine therapy for breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2020; 21:615-625. [PMID: 32539536 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2019-0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide. Functional follow-up of breast cancer genome-wide association studies has led to the discovery of genes that regulate endocrine therapy response in a SNP- and drug-dependent manner. Here, we will present four examples in which functional genomic studies from breast cancer clinical trials led to novel pharmacogenomic insights and molecular mechanisms of selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors. The approach utilized for studying genetic variability described in this review offers substantial potential for meaningful discoveries that move the field toward precision medicine for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Zayas
- Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine & Mayo Clinic Medical Scientist Training Program, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sisi Qin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - James N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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6
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Khatami F, Mohajeri-Tehrani MR, Tavangar SM. The Importance of Precision Medicine in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM): From Pharmacogenetic and Pharmacoepigenetic Aspects. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:719-731. [PMID: 31122183 DOI: 10.2174/1871530319666190228102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide disorder as the most important challenges of health-care systems. Controlling the normal glycaemia greatly profit long-term prognosis and gives explanation for early, effective, constant, and safe intervention. MATERIAL AND METHODS Finding the main genetic and epigenetic profile of T2DM and the exact molecular targets of T2DM medications can shed light on its personalized management. The comprehensive information of T2DM was earned through the genome-wide association study (GWAS) studies. In the current review, we represent the most important candidate genes of T2DM like CAPN10, TCF7L2, PPAR-γ, IRSs, KCNJ11, WFS1, and HNF homeoboxes. Different genetic variations of a candidate gene can predict the efficacy of T2DM personalized strategy medication. RESULTS SLCs and AMPK variations are considered for metformin, CYP2C9, KATP channel, CDKAL1, CDKN2A/2B and KCNQ1 for sulphonylureas, OATP1B, and KCNQ1 for repaglinide and the last but not the least ADIPOQ, PPAR-γ, SLC, CYP2C8, and SLCO1B1 for thiazolidinediones response prediction. CONCLUSION Taken everything into consideration, there is an extreme need to determine the genetic status of T2DM patients in some known genetic region before planning the medication strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khatami
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Mohajeri-Tehrani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed M Tavangar
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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7
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Metformin strongly affects transcriptome of peripheral blood cells in healthy individuals. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224835. [PMID: 31703101 PMCID: PMC6839856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Metformin is a commonly used antihyperglycaemic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, the exact mechanisms of action, underlying the various therapeutic effects of metformin, remain elusive. The goal of this study was to evaluate the alterations in longitudinal whole-blood transcriptome profiles of healthy individuals after a one-week metformin intervention in order to identify the novel molecular targets and further prompt the discovery of predictive biomarkers of metformin response. Next generation sequencing-based transcriptome analysis revealed metformin-induced differential expression of genes involved in intestinal immune network for IgA production and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathways. Significantly elevated faecal sIgA levels during administration of metformin, and its correlation with the expression of genes associated with immune response (CXCR4, HLA-DQA1, MAP3K14, TNFRSF21, CCL4, ACVR1B, PF4, EPOR, CXCL8) supports a novel hypothesis of strong association between metformin and intestinal immune system, and for the first time provide evidence for altered RNA expression as a contributing mechanism of metformin’s action. In addition to universal effects, 4 clusters of functionally related genes with a subject-specific differential expression were distinguished, including genes relevant to insulin production (HNF1B, HNF1A, HNF4A, GCK, INS, NEUROD1, PAX4, PDX1, ABCC8, KCNJ11) and cholesterol homeostasis (APOB, LDLR, PCSK9). This inter-individual variation of the metformin effect on the transcriptional regulation goes in line with well-known variability of the therapeutic response to the drug.
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8
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Roell KR, Havener TM, Reif DM, Jack J, McLeod HL, Wiltshire T, Motsinger-Reif AA. Synergistic Chemotherapy Drug Response Is a Genetic Trait in Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines. Front Genet 2019; 10:829. [PMID: 31681399 PMCID: PMC6804467 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) are a highly successful model for evaluating the genetic etiology of cancer drug response, but applications using this model have typically focused on single drugs. Combination therapy is quite common in modern chemotherapy treatment since drugs often work synergistically, and it is an important progression in the use of the LCL model to expand work for drug combinations. In the present work, we demonstrate that synergy occurs and can be quantified in LCLs across a range of clinically important drug combinations. Lymphoblastoid cell lines have been commonly employed in association mapping in cancer pharmacogenomics, but it is so far untested as to whether synergistic effects have a genetic etiology. Here we use cell lines from extended pedigrees to demonstrate that there is a substantial heritable component to synergistic drug response. Additionally, we perform linkage mapping in these pedigrees to identify putative regions linked to this important phenotype. This demonstration supports the premise of expanding the use of the LCL model to perform association mapping for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle R Roell
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Tammy M Havener
- Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - David M Reif
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - John Jack
- Department of Statistics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Howard L McLeod
- The DeBartolo Family Personalized Medicine Institute, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Tim Wiltshire
- Center for Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Alison A Motsinger-Reif
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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9
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Zhuang Y, Ly RC, Frazier CV, Yu J, Qin S, Fan XY, Goetz MP, Boughey JC, Weinshilboum R, Wang L. The novel function of tumor protein D54 in regulating pyruvate dehydrogenase and metformin cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Cancer Metab 2019; 7:1. [PMID: 30697423 PMCID: PMC6345044 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The role of tumor protein D54 in breast cancer has not been studied and its function in breast cancer remains unclear. In our previous pharmacogenomic studies using lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL), this protein has been identified to affect metformin response. Although metformin has been widely studied as a prophylactic and chemotherapeutic drug, there is still a lack of biomarkers predicting the response to metformin in breast cancer. In this study, we revealed the novel function of TPD54 in breast cancer through understanding how TPD54 altered the cancer cell sensitivity to metformin. Methods The role of TPD54 in altering cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment was carried out by either knockdown or overexpression of TPD54, followed by measuring cell viability and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in MCF7 breast cancer cell line and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Functional analysis of TPD54 in breast cancer cells was demonstrated by studying TPD54 protein localization and identification of potential binding partners of TPD54 through immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry. The effect of TPD54 on pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) protein regulation was demonstrated by western blot, immunoprecipitation, and site-directed mutagenesis. Results TPD54 inhibited colony formation and enhanced cellular sensitivity to metformin treatment in MCF7 cells and breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. Mechanistic study indicated that TPD54 had mitochondrial localization, bound to and stabilized pyruvate dehydrogenase E1α by blocking pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)-mediated serine 232 phosphorylation. TPD54 knockdown increased PDH E1α protein degradation and led to decreased PDH enzyme activity, which reduced mitochondrial oxygen consumption and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, thus contributing to the resistance of breast cancer cells to metformin treatment. Conclusion We have discovered a novel mechanism by which TPD54 regulates pyruvate dehydrogenase and affects the sensitivity of breast cancer to metformin treatment. Our findings highlight the important post-translational regulation of PDK1 on PDH E1α and the potential application of TPD54 as a biomarker for selecting tumors that may be sensitive to metformin therapy. These provide new insights into understanding the regulation of PDH complexes and the resistance mechanisms of cancer cells to metformin treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40170-018-0193-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxian Zhuang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Reynold C Ly
- 2Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of the Biomedical Sciences, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | | | - Jia Yu
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Sisi Qin
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Xiao-Yang Fan
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA.,4Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Judy C Boughey
- 5Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Richard Weinshilboum
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- 1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA
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10
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Elbere I, Silamikelis I, Ustinova M, Kalnina I, Zaharenko L, Peculis R, Konrade I, Ciuculete DM, Zhukovsky C, Gudra D, Radovica-Spalvina I, Fridmanis D, Pirags V, Schiöth HB, Klovins J. Significantly altered peripheral blood cell DNA methylation profile as a result of immediate effect of metformin use in healthy individuals. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:156. [PMID: 30545422 PMCID: PMC6293577 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin is a widely prescribed antihyperglycemic agent that has been also associated with multiple therapeutic effects in various diseases, including several types of malignancies. There is growing evidence regarding the contribution of the epigenetic mechanisms in reaching metformin's therapeutic goals; however, the effect of metformin on human cells in vivo is not comprehensively studied. The aim of our study was to examine metformin-induced alterations of DNA methylation profiles in white blood cells of healthy volunteers, employing a longitudinal study design. RESULTS Twelve healthy metformin-naïve individuals where enrolled in the study. Genome-wide DNA methylation pattern was estimated at baseline, 10 h and 7 days after the start of metformin administration. The whole-genome DNA methylation analysis in total revealed 125 differentially methylated CpGs, of which 11 CpGs and their associated genes with the most consistent changes in the DNA methylation profile were selected: POFUT2, CAMKK1, EML3, KIAA1614, UPF1, MUC4, LOC727982, SIX3, ADAM8, SNORD12B, VPS8, and several differentially methylated regions as novel potential epigenetic targets of metformin. The main functions of the majority of top-ranked differentially methylated loci and their representative cell signaling pathways were linked to the well-known metformin therapy targets: regulatory processes of energy homeostasis, inflammatory responses, tumorigenesis, and neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate for the first time the immediate effect of short-term metformin administration at therapeutic doses on epigenetic regulation in human white blood cells. These findings suggest the DNA methylation process as one of the mechanisms involved in the action of metformin, thereby revealing novel targets and directions of the molecular mechanisms underlying the various beneficial effects of metformin. TRIAL REGISTRATION EU Clinical Trials Register, 2016-001092-74. Registered 23 March 2017, https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2016-001092-74/LV .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilze Elbere
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ivars Silamikelis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Monta Ustinova
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ineta Kalnina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Linda Zaharenko
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Raitis Peculis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ilze Konrade
- Riga East Clinical University Hospital, 2 Hipokrata Street, Riga, LV-1038, Latvia
| | - Diana Maria Ciuculete
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Christina Zhukovsky
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dita Gudra
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Ilze Radovica-Spalvina
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Davids Fridmanis
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Valdis Pirags
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Department of Neuroscience, Functional Pharmacology, Uppsala University, BMC, Box 593, 751 24, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Janis Klovins
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Ratsupites Str. 1 k-1, Riga, LV-1067, Latvia.
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11
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Genomic and Phenomic Research in the 21st Century. Trends Genet 2018; 35:29-41. [PMID: 30342790 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The field of human genomics has changed dramatically over time. Initial genomic studies were predominantly restricted to rare disorders in small families. Over the past decade, researchers changed course from family-based studies and instead focused on common diseases and traits in populations of unrelated individuals. With further advancements in biobanking, computer science, electronic health record (EHR) data, and more affordable high-throughput genomics, we are experiencing a new paradigm in human genomic research. Rapidly changing technologies and resources now make it possible to study thousands of diseases simultaneously at the genomic level. This review will focus on these advancements as scientists begin to incorporate phenome-wide strategies in human genomic research to understand the etiology of human diseases and develop new drugs to treat them.
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12
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Wang H, Zhu C, Ying Y, Luo L, Huang D, Luo Z. Metformin and berberine, two versatile drugs in treatment of common metabolic diseases. Oncotarget 2017. [PMID: 29515798 PMCID: PMC5839379 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin has been used as a glucose lowering drug for several centuries and is now a first-line drug for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Since the discovery that it activates AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and reduces risk of cancer, metformin has drawn great attentions. Another drug, berberine, extracted from berberis vulgaris L. (root), was an ancient herbal medicine in treating diarrhea. Ongoing experimental and clinical studies have illuminated great potential of berberine in regulation of glucose and lipid homeostasis, cancer growth and inflammation. Furthermore, the lipid lowering effect of berberine is comparable to those conventional lipid drugs but with low toxicity. Therefore, it is right time to transform beneficial effects of berberine into therapeutic practice. Metformin and berberine share many features in actions despite different structure and both could be excellent drugs in treating T2DM, obesity, cardiac diseases, tumour, as well as inflammation. Since these disorders are often connected and comprise common pathogenic factors that could be targeted by the two drugs, understanding their actions can give us rationale for expansion of their clinical uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ying Ying
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Lingyu Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Deqiang Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Research Institute of Digestive Diseases, The First Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumour Pathogenesis and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Ho MF, Weinshilboum RM. Immune Mediator Pharmacogenomics: TCL1A SNPs and Estrogen-Dependent Regulation of Inflammation. JOURNAL OF NATURE AND SCIENCE 2017; 3:e416. [PMID: 28868359 PMCID: PMC5578609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the important functional implications of TCL1A single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) discovered during pharmacogenomic studies of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal adverse events that were subsequently shown to influence the expression of cytokines, chemokines, toll-like receptors (TLR), and NF-κB in a SNP and estrogen-dependent fashion. Functional genomic studies of these SNPs led to the discovery of novel mechanisms that may contribute to disease pathophysiology and which may also increase our understanding of pharmacogenomic aspects of regulation of the expression of inflammatory mediators. Specifically, TCL1A expression was induced by estrogens in a SNP-dependent fashion, resulting in downstream effects on the expression of immune mediators that included IL17RA, IL17A, CCR6, CCL20 TLR2, TLR7, TLR9, TLR10 and NF-κB. These observations have potential implications for inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis-a disease for which two thirds of patients are women. Strikingly, this genomic phenomenon could be "reversed" by estrogen receptor antagonist treatment-once again in a SNP-dependent, i.e., in a pharmacogenomic fashion. Specifically, differential SNP-dependent effects on estrogen receptor binding to estrogen response elements before and after estrogen receptor blockade might be associated with mechanisms underlying the SNP genotype and estrogen-dependent regulation of TCL1A and the expression of downstream immune mediators. Furthermore, this SNP and estrogen-dependent phenotypic response could be "reversed" by SERM treatment. These observations could potentially open the way to understand, predict and even pharmacologically manipulate the expression of selected immune mediators in a SNP-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Correspondence and reprint request to Ming-Fen Ho, Ph.D. Mayo Clinic 200 First Street S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Ho MF, Ingle JN, Bongartz T, Kalari KR, Goss PE, Shepherd LE, Mushiroda T, Kubo M, Wang L, Weinshilboum RM. TCL1A Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms and Estrogen-Mediated Toll-Like Receptor-MYD88-Dependent Nuclear Factor- κB Activation: Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism- and Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator-Dependent Modification of Inflammation and Immune Response. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 92:175-184. [PMID: 28615284 DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.108340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous genome-wide association study (GWAS) for musculoskeletal adverse events during aromatase inhibitor therapy for breast cancer, we reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the TCL1A gene were associated with this adverse drug reaction. Functional genomic studies showed that TCL1A expression was induced by estradiol, but only in cells with the variant sequence for the top GWAS SNP (rs11849538), a SNP that created a functional estrogen response element. In addition, TCL1A genotype influenced the downstream expression of a series of cytokines and chemokines and had a striking effect on nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional activity. Furthermore, this SNP-dependent regulation could be reversed by selective ER modulators (SERMs). The present study was designed to pursue mechanisms underlying TCL1A SNP-mediated, estrogen-dependent NF-κB activation. Functional genomic studies were performed using a panel of 300 lymphoblastoid cell lines for which we had generated genome-wide SNP and gene expression data. It is known that toll-like receptors (TLRs) can regulate NF-κB signaling by a process that requires the adaptor protein MYD88. We found that TLR2, TLR7, TLR9, and TLR10 expression, as well as that of MYD88, could be modulated by TCL1A in a SNP and estrogen-dependent fashion and that these effects were reversed in the presence of SERMs. Furthermore, MYD88 inhibition blocked the TCL1A SNP and estrogen-dependent NF-κB activation, as well as protein-protein interaction between TCL1A and MYD88. These observations greatly expand the range of pathways influenced by TCL1A genotype and raise the possibility that this estrogen- and SNP-dependent regulation might be altered pharmacologically by SERMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fen Ho
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - James N Ingle
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Tim Bongartz
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Krishna R Kalari
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Paul E Goss
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Lois E Shepherd
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Taisei Mushiroda
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Liewei Wang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
| | - Richard M Weinshilboum
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics (M.-F.H., L.W., R.M.W.), Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology (J.N.I.), and Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research (K.R.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota; Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (T.B.); Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts (P.E.G.); NCIC Clinical Trials Group, Kingston, Ontario Canada (L.E.S.); and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Japan (T.M., M.K.)
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