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Williams D, Glasstetter LM, Jong TT, Kapoor A, Zhu S, Zhu Y, Gehrlein A, Vocadlo DJ, Jagasia R, Marugan JJ, Sidransky E, Henderson MJ, Chen Y. Development of quantitative high-throughput screening assays to identify, validate, and optimize small-molecule stabilizers of misfolded β-glucocerebrosidase with therapeutic potential for Gaucher disease and Parkinson's disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.22.586364. [PMID: 38712038 PMCID: PMC11071283 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.22.586364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Glucocerebrosidase (GCase) is implicated in both a rare, monogenic disorder (Gaucher disease, GD) and a common, multifactorial condition (Parkinson's disease); hence, it is an urgent therapeutic target. To identify correctors of severe protein misfolding and trafficking obstruction manifested by the pathogenic L444P-variant of GCase, we developed a suite of quantitative, high-throughput, cell-based assays. First, we labeled GCase with a small pro-luminescent HiBiT peptide reporter tag, enabling quantitation of protein stabilization in cells while faithfully maintaining target biology. TALEN-based gene editing allowed for stable integration of a single HiBiT-GBA1 transgene into an intragenic safe-harbor locus in GBA1-knockout H4 (neuroglioma) cells. This GD cell model was amenable to lead discovery via titration-based quantitative high-throughput screening and lead optimization via structure-activity relationships. A primary screen of 10,779 compounds from the NCATS bioactive collections identified 140 stabilizers of HiBiT-GCase-L444P, including both pharmacological chaperones (ambroxol and non-inhibitory chaperone NCGC326) and proteostasis regulators (panobinostat, trans-ISRIB, and pladienolide B). Two complementary high-content imaging-based assays were deployed to triage hits: the fluorescence-quenched substrate LysoFix-GBA captured functional lysosomal GCase activity, while an immunofluorescence assay featuring antibody hGCase-1/23 provided direct visualization of GCase lysosomal translocation. NCGC326 was active in both secondary assays and completely reversed pathological glucosylsphingosine accumulation. Finally, we tested the concept of combination therapy, by demonstrating synergistic actions of NCGC326 with proteostasis regulators in enhancing GCase-L444P levels. Looking forward, these physiologically-relevant assays can facilitate the identification, pharmacological validation, and medicinal chemistry optimization of new chemical matter targeting GCase, ultimately leading to a viable therapeutic for two protein-misfolding diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darian Williams
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Logan M. Glasstetter
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Tiffany T. Jong
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Abhijeet Kapoor
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Yanping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Alexandra Gehrlein
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Ravi Jagasia
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Juan J. Marugan
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Ellen Sidransky
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Mark J. Henderson
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850
| | - Yu Chen
- Molecular Neurogenetics Section, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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Kitada Y, Ohnishi H, Yamamoto N, Kuwata F, Kitano M, Mizuno K, Omori K. Transplantation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Airway Epithelia with a Collagen Scaffold into the Nasal Cavity. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2023; 29:526-534. [PMID: 37756360 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2023.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The nasal cavity is covered with respiratory epithelia, including ciliated cells that eliminate foreign substances trapped in the mucus. In hereditary diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia and cystic fibrosis, respiratory epithelial functions are irreversibly impaired; however, no radical treatment has been established yet. Thus, we considered that the transplantation of normal airway epithelia (AE) into the nasal epithelia is one of the strategies that could lead to radical treatment in the future. In our previous study, human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived AE (hiPSC-AE) on the vitrigel membrane were transplanted into the scraped area of the nasal septal mucosa of nude rats. Although human-derived ciliated cells, club cells, and basal cells were observed, they were located in the cysts within the submucosal granulation tissue but not in the nasal mucosal epithelia and the transplanted cells may not contribute to the function of the nasal mucosa with this condition. Therefore, to achieve more functional transplantation, we prepared the graft differently in this study by wrapping the collagen sponge in hiPSC-AE on the vitrigel membrane. As a result, we found the transplanted cells surviving in the nasal mucosal epithelia. These results suggest that hiPSC-AE transplanted into the nasal cavity could be viable in the nasal mucosa. In addition, our method leads to the establishment of nasal mucosa-humanized rats that are used for the development of the drugs and therapeutic methods for hereditary diseases of nasal respiratory epithelia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Kitada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroe Ohnishi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norio Yamamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe City, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Kuwata
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Kitano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizuno
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Omori
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Banerjee D, Ivanova MM, Celik N, Kim MH, Derman ID, Limgala RP, Ozbolat IT, Goker-Alpan O. Biofabrication of an in-vitrobone model for Gaucher disease. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045023. [PMID: 37703870 PMCID: PMC10515412 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf95a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD), the most prevalent lysosomal disorder, is caused byGBA1gene mutations, leading to deficiency of glucocerebrosidase, and accumulation of glycosphingolipids in cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system. While skeletal diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and reduced quality of life in GD, the pathophysiology of bone involvement is not yet fully understood, partly due to lack of relevant human model systems. In this work, we present the first 3D human model of GD using aspiration-assisted freeform bioprinting, which enables a platform tool with a potential for decoding the cellular basis of the developmental bone abnormalities in GD. In this regard, human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (obtained commercially) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from a cohort of GD patients, at different severities, were co-cultured to form spheroids and differentiated into osteoblast and osteoclast lineages, respectively. Co-differentiated spheroids were then 3D bioprinted into rectangular tissue patches as a bone tissue model for GD. The results revealed positive alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartrate-resistant ALP activities, with multi-nucleated cells demonstrating the efficacy of the model, corroborating with gene expression studies. There were no significant changes in differentiation to osteogenic cells but pronounced morphological deformities in spheroid formation, more evident in the 'severe' cohort, were observed. Overall, the presented GD model has the potential to be adapted to personalized medicine not only for understanding the GD pathophysiology but also for personalized drug screening and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dishary Banerjee
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Margarita M Ivanova
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Nazmiye Celik
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Myoung Hwan Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Irem Deniz Derman
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
| | - Renuka Pudi Limgala
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim T Ozbolat
- Engineering Science and Mechanics Department, Penn State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Materials Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
- Medical Oncology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
- Biotechnology Research and Application Center, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Goker-Alpan
- Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center—LDRTC, Fairfax, VA, United States of America
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Crivaro A, Mucci J, Bondar C, Ormazabal M, Vaena E, Delpino M, Rozenfeld P. Bone marrow adipocytes alteration in an in vitro model of Gaucher Disease. Mol Genet Metab Rep 2023; 36:100980. [PMID: 37275240 PMCID: PMC10232844 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgmr.2023.100980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Up to now, specific treatment for GD cannot completely reverse bone complications. Bone is composed of different cell types; including osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts are present on bone surfaces and are derived from local mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Depending on environment conditions, MSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Mature adipocytes-secreted adipokines and free fatty acids affect both osteoblasts and osteoclasts formation/activity and therefore mediate skeletal homeostasis. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible alterations in GD adipocyte (GD Ad) that could contribute to bone complications. MSCs were grown in adipogenic media in order to evaluate expression of differentiation markers as PPAR-γ. PPAR-γ was observed into the nucleus of GD Ad, indicating that these cells are properly stimulated. However, these cells accumulate lesser lipid droplets (LDs) than Control Ad. In order to study lipid droplet metabolism, we evaluated the lipolysis of these structures by the measurement of free glycerol in culture supernatant. Our results indicated that GD Ad had an alteration in this process, evidenced by an increase in glycerol release. We have also evaluated two enzymes involved in LDs synthesis: fatty acid synthase (FASN) and stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1). The transcription of these genes was decreased in GD Ad, suggesting a dysfunction in the synthesis of LDs. In conclusion, our results show an alteration in LDs metabolism of GD Ad, independent of adipocyte differentiation process. This alteration would be caused by an increase in lipolysis in early stages of differentiation and also by a reduction of lipid synthesis, which could contribute with the skeletal imbalance in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J.M. Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C. Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M. Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - E. Vaena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M.V. Delpino
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y Sida (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P.A. Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
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Ormazabal ME, Pavan E, Vaena E, Ferino D, Biasizzo J, Mucci JM, Serra F, Cifù A, Scarpa M, Rozenfeld PA, Dardis AE. Exploring the Pathophysiologic Cascade Leading to Osteoclastogenic Activation in Gaucher Disease Monocytes Generated via CRISPR/Cas9 Technology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11204. [PMID: 37446383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the acid β-glucosidase gene (GBA1), leading to a deficiency in the β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) enzyme activity resulting in the intracellular accumulation of sphingolipids. Skeletal alterations are one of the most disabling features in GD patients. Although both defective bone formation and increased bone resorption due to osteoblast and osteoclast dysfunction contribute to GD bone pathology, the molecular bases are not fully understood, and bone disease is not completely resolved with currently available specific therapies. For this reason, using editing technology, our group has developed a reliable, isogenic, and easy-to-handle cellular model of GD monocytes (GBAKO-THP1) to facilitate GD pathophysiology studies and high-throughput drug screenings. In this work, we further characterized the model showing an increase in proinflammatory cytokines (Interleukin-1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α) release and activation of osteoclastogenesis. Furthermore, our data suggest that GD monocytes would display an increased osteoclastogenic potential, independent of their interaction with the GD microenvironment or other GD cells. Both proinflammatory cytokine production and osteoclastogenesis were restored at least, in part, by treating cells with the recombinant human GCase, a substrate synthase inhibitor, a pharmacological chaperone, and an anti-inflammatory compound. Besides confirming that this model would be suitable to perform high-throughput screening of therapeutic molecules that act via different mechanisms and on different phenotypic features, our data provided insights into the pathogenic cascade, leading to osteoclastogenesis exacerbation and its contribution to bone pathology in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximiliano Emanuel Ormazabal
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Eleonora Pavan
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Emilio Vaena
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Dania Ferino
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Jessica Biasizzo
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Juan Marcos Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Fabrizio Serra
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Adriana Cifù
- Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Maurizio Scarpa
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Paula Adriana Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), UNLP, CONICET, Asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Andrea Elena Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Basiri M, Ghaffari ME, Ruan J, Murugesan V, Kleytman N, Belinsky G, Akhavan A, Lischuk A, Guo L, Klinger K, Mistry PK. Osteonecrosis in Gaucher disease in the era of multiple therapies: Biomarker set for risk stratification from a tertiary referral center. eLife 2023; 12:e87537. [PMID: 37249220 PMCID: PMC10317498 DOI: 10.7554/elife.87537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A salutary effect of treatments for Gaucher disease (GD) has been a reduction in the incidence of avascular osteonecrosis (AVN). However, there are reports of AVN in patients receiving enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) , and it is not known whether it is related to individual treatments, GBA genotypes, phenotypes, biomarkers of residual disease activity, or anti-drug antibodies. Prompted by development of AVN in several patients receiving ERT, we aimed to delineate the determinants of AVN in patients receiving ERT or eliglustat substrate reduction therapy (SRT) during 20 years in a tertiary referral center. Methods Longitudinal follow-ups of 155 GD patients between 2001 and 2021 were analyzed for episodes of AVN on therapy, type of therapy, GBA1 genotype, spleen status, biomarkers, and other disease indicators. We applied mixed-effects logistic model to delineate the independent correlates of AVN while receiving treatment. Results The patients received cumulative 1382 years of treatment. There were 16 episodes of AVN in 14 patients, with two episodes, each occurring in two patients. Heteroallelic p.Asn409Ser GD1 patients were 10 times (95% CI, 1.5-67.2) more likely than p.Asn409Ser homozygous patients to develop osteonecrosis during treatment. History of AVN prior to treatment initiation was associated with 4.8-fold increased risk of AVN on treatment (95% CI, 1.5-15.2). The risk of AVN among patients receiving velaglucerase ERT was 4.68 times higher compared to patients receiving imiglucerase ERT (95% CI, 1.67-13). No patient receiving eliglustat SRT suffered AVN. There was a significant correlation between GlcSph levels and AVN. Together, these biomarkers reliably predicted risk of AVN during therapy (ROC AUC 0.894, p<0.001). Conclusions There is a low, but significant risk of AVN in GD in the era of ERT/SRT. We found that increased risk of AVN was related to GBA genotype, history of AVN prior to treatment initiation, residual serum GlcSph level, and the type of ERT. No patient receiving SRT developed AVN. These findings exemplify a new approach to biomarker applications in a rare inborn error of metabolism to evaluate clinical outcomes in comprehensively followed patients and will aid identification of GD patients at higher risk of AVN who will benefit from closer monitoring and treatment optimization. Funding LSD Training Fellowship from Sanofi to MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Mohammad E Ghaffari
- Department of ENT, Head and Neck Surgery, Guilan University of Medical SciencesRashtIslamic Republic of Iran
| | - Jiapeng Ruan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | | | | | - Glenn Belinsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Amir Akhavan
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Massachusetts DartmouthDartmoutUnited States
| | - Andrew Lischuk
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
| | - Lilu Guo
- Translational Sciences, SanofiFraminghamUnited States
| | | | - Pramod K Mistry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale UniversityNew HavenUnited States
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Arévalo NB, Lamaizon CM, Cavieres VA, Burgos PV, Álvarez AR, Yañez MJ, Zanlungo S. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease: Beyond lysosomal dysfunction. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:934820. [PMID: 35992201 PMCID: PMC9381931 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.934820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is an inherited disorder caused by recessive mutations in the GBA1 gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase (β-GC). β-GC hydrolyzes glucosylceramide (GluCer) into glucose and ceramide in the lysosome, and the loss of its activity leads to GluCer accumulation in different tissues. In severe cases, enzymatic deficiency triggers inflammation, organomegaly, bone disease, and neurodegeneration. Neuronopathic Gaucher disease (nGD) encompasses two different forms of the disease, characterized by chronic or acute damage to the central nervous system (CNS). The cellular and molecular studies that uncover the pathological mechanisms of nGD mainly focus on lysosomal dysfunction since the lysosome is the key organelle affected in GD. However, new studies show alterations in other organelles that contribute to nGD pathology. For instance, abnormal accumulation of GluCer in lysosomes due to the loss of β-GC activity leads to excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), activating the ER-associated degradation pathway and the unfolded protein response. Recent evidence indicates mitophagy is altered in nGD, resulting in the accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, a critical factor in disease progression. Additionally, nGD patients present alterations in mitochondrial morphology, membrane potential, ATP production, and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Little is known about potential dysfunction in other organelles of the secretory pathway, such as the Golgi apparatus and exosomes. This review focuses on collecting evidence regarding organelle dysfunction beyond lysosomes in nGD. We briefly describe cellular and animal models and signaling pathways relevant to uncovering the pathological mechanisms and new therapeutic targets in GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohela B. Arévalo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian M. Lamaizon
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana A. Cavieres
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia V. Burgos
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Ciencia & Vida, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra R. Álvarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE-UC), Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María J. Yañez
- Faculty of Medicine and Science, School of Medical Technology, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepción, Chile
- *Correspondence: María J. Yañez
| | - Silvana Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Silvana Zanlungo
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Vasconcelos-Cardoso M, Batista-Almeida D, Rios-Barros LV, Castro-Gomes T, Girao H. Cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying plasma membrane functionality and integrity. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275922. [PMID: 35801807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane not only protects the cell from the extracellular environment, acting as a selective barrier, but also regulates cellular events that originate at the cell surface, playing a key role in various biological processes that are essential for the preservation of cell homeostasis. Therefore, elucidation of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and functionality is of utmost importance. Cells have developed mechanisms to ensure the quality of proteins that inhabit the cell surface, as well as strategies to cope with injuries inflicted to the plasma membrane. Defects in these mechanisms can lead to the development or onset of several diseases. Despite the importance of these processes, a comprehensive and holistic perspective of plasma membrane quality control is still lacking. To tackle this gap, in this Review, we provide a thorough overview of the mechanisms underlying the identification and targeting of membrane proteins that are to be removed from the cell surface, as well as the membrane repair mechanisms triggered in both physiological and pathological conditions. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying protein quality control at the plasma membrane can reveal promising and unanticipated targets for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vasconcelos-Cardoso
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Daniela Batista-Almeida
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Laura Valeria Rios-Barros
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Thiago Castro-Gomes
- Department of Parasitology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Henrique Girao
- University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
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9
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Ivanova MM, Dao J, Kasaci N, Friedman A, Noll L, Goker-Alpan O. Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors, sclerostin and DKK-1, correlate with pain and bone pathology in patients with Gaucher disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1029130. [PMID: 36506070 PMCID: PMC9730525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1029130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with Gaucher disease (GD) have progressive bone involvement that clinically presents with debilitating bone pain, structural bone changes, bone marrow infiltration (BMI), Erlenmeyer (EM) flask deformity, and osteoporosis. Pain is referred by the majority of GD patients and continues to persist despite the type of therapy. The pain in GD is described as chronic deep penetrating pain; however, sometimes, patients experience severe acute pain. The source of bone pain is mainly debated as nociceptive pain secondary to bone pathology or neuropathic or inflammatory origins. Osteocytes constitute a significant source of secreted molecules that coordinate bone remodeling. Osteocyte markers, sclerostin (SOST) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1), inactivate the canonical Wnt signaling pathway and lead to the inhibition of bone formation. Thus, circulated sclerostin and DKK-1 are potential biomarkers of skeletal abnormalities. This study aimed to assess the circulating levels of sclerostin and DKK-1 in patients with GD and their correlation with clinical bone pathology parameters: pain, bone mineral density (BMD), and EM deformity. Thirty-nine patients with GD were classified into cohorts based on the presence and severity of bone manifestations. The serum levels of sclerostin and DKK-1 were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The highest level of sclerostin was measured in GD patients with pain, BMI, and EM deformity. The multiparameter analysis demonstrated that 95% of GD patients with pain, BMI, and EM deformity had increased levels of sclerostin. The majority of patients with elevated sclerostin also have osteopenia or osteoporosis. Moreover, circulating sclerostin level increase with age, and GD patients have elevated sclerostin levels when compared with healthy control from the same age group. Pearson's linear correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between serum DKK-1 and sclerostin in healthy controls and GD patients with normal bone mineral density. However, the balance between sclerostin and DKK-1 waned in GD patients with osteopenia or osteoporosis. In conclusion, the osteocyte marker, sclerostin, when elevated, is associated with bone pain, BMI, and EM flask deformity in GD patients. The altered sclerostin/DKK-1 ratio correlates with the reduction of bone mineral density. These data confirm that the Wnt signaling pathway plays a role in GD-associated bone disease. Sclerostin and bone pain could be used as biomarkers to assess patients with a high risk of BMI and EM flask deformities.
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10
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Wang B, Khan S, Wang P, Wang X, Liu Y, Chen J, Tu X. A Highly Selective GSK-3β Inhibitor CHIR99021 Promotes Osteogenesis by Activating Canonical and Autophagy-Mediated Wnt Signaling. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:926622. [PMID: 35923616 PMCID: PMC9339598 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.926622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery and application of small molecules is one of the practical strategies of safe osteogenic drugs. The small molecule CHIR99021 (C91) is a highly specific, safe, and most effective GSK-3β Inhibitor. This study found that it efficiently activates the canonical Wnt signaling of bone marrow stromal cell ST2 and promotes osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. C91 increases the production and biochemical activity of osteoblast marker alkaline phosphatase, the expression of osteoblast marker genes Alpl, Bglap, Runx2, and Sp7, and the formation of bone nodules. Triptonide is a transcription inhibitor of Wnt target gene, which diminishes C91-induced osteoblast differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, C91 also induces autophagy through autophagosome formation and conversion of autophagy biomarker LC-3I into LC-3II. Autophagy inhibitor 3MA partially reduces C91-induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization; autophagy inducer Rapamycin increases the expression of β-catenin to promote osteogenic differentiation, but cannot alleviate the inhibition of Triptonide on C91-induced osteogenic differentiation, indicating the crosstalk of canonical Wnt signaling and autophagy regulates C91-induced osteoblast differentiation. Furthermore, in order to simulate the in vivo detection of C91 in osteogenesis process, we made a C91 slow-release hydrogel with our newly established polycaprolactone and cell-integrated 3D printing system (PCCI3D module). The sustained release C91 promotes the differentiation and mineralization of ST2 cells. C91 can also enhance the proliferative activity of ST2 cells. The release rate of C91 from hydrogel gradually decreases within 7 days. During this period, the C91 is released by 83.0% and the cell viability maintained at 96.4%. Therefore, the small molecule Wnt agonist C91 promotes osteogenesis through caonical and autophagy-mediated Wnt signaling pathway with an option for translational application.
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11
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Leser JM, Harriot A, Buck HV, Ward CW, Stains JP. Aging, Osteo-Sarcopenia, and Musculoskeletal Mechano-Transduction. FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2021; 2:782848. [PMID: 36004321 PMCID: PMC9396756 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2021.782848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The decline in the mass and function of bone and muscle is an inevitable consequence of healthy aging with early onset and accelerated decline in those with chronic disease. Termed osteo-sarcopenia, this condition predisposes the decreased activity, falls, low-energy fractures, and increased risk of co-morbid disease that leads to musculoskeletal frailty. The biology of osteo-sarcopenia is most understood in the context of systemic neuro-endocrine and immune/inflammatory alterations that drive inflammation, oxidative stress, reduced autophagy, and cellular senescence in the bone and muscle. Here we integrate these concepts to our growing understanding of how bone and muscle senses, responds and adapts to mechanical load. We propose that age-related alterations in cytoskeletal mechanics alter load-sensing and mechano-transduction in bone osteocytes and muscle fibers which underscores osteo-sarcopenia. Lastly, we examine the evidence for exercise as an effective countermeasure to osteo-sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Joseph P. Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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12
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Gould NR, Williams KM, Joca HC, Torre OM, Lyons JS, Leser JM, Srikanth MP, Hughes M, Khairallah RJ, Feldman RA, Ward CW, Stains JP. Disparate bone anabolic cues activate bone formation by regulating the rapid lysosomal degradation of sclerostin protein. eLife 2021; 10:e64393. [PMID: 33779549 PMCID: PMC8032393 DOI: 10.7554/elife.64393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of sclerostin in osteocytes mediates bone formation in response to mechanical cues and parathyroid hormone (PTH). To date, the regulation of sclerostin has been attributed exclusively to the transcriptional downregulation of the Sost gene hours after stimulation. Using mouse models and rodent cell lines, we describe the rapid, minute-scale post-translational degradation of sclerostin protein by the lysosome following mechanical load and PTH. We present a model, integrating both new and established mechanically and hormonally activated effectors into the regulated degradation of sclerostin by lysosomes. Using a mouse forelimb mechanical loading model, we find transient inhibition of lysosomal degradation or the upstream mechano-signaling pathway controlling sclerostin abundance impairs subsequent load-induced bone formation by preventing sclerostin degradation. We also link dysfunctional lysosomes to aberrant sclerostin regulation using human Gaucher disease iPSCs. These results reveal how bone anabolic cues post-translationally regulate sclerostin abundance in osteocytes to regulate bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole R Gould
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Katrina M Williams
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Humberto C Joca
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Olivia M Torre
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - James S Lyons
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Manasa P Srikanth
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Marcus Hughes
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | | | - Ricardo A Feldman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Christopher W Ward
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Joseph P Stains
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
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13
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Rozenfeld PA, Crivaro AN, Ormazabal M, Mucci JM, Bondar C, Delpino MV. Unraveling the mystery of Gaucher bone density pathophysiology. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:76-85. [PMID: 32782168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Despite the existence of a variety of specific treatments for GD, they cannot completely reverse bone complications. Many studies have evidenced the impairment in bone tissue of GD, and molecular mechanisms of bone density alterations in GD are being studied during the last years and different reports emphasized its efforts trying to unravel why and how bone tissue is affected. The cause of skeletal density affection in GD is a matter of debates between research groups. and there are two opposing hypotheses trying to explain reduced bone mineral density in GD: increased bone resorption versus impaired bone formation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms of bone alterations implicated in GD revealed until the present, along with a presentation of normal bone physiology and its regulation. With this information in mind, we discuss effectiveness of specific therapies, introduce possible adjunctive therapies and present a novel model for GD-associated bone density pathogenesis. Under the exposed evidence, we may conclude that both sides of the balance of remodeling process are altered. In GD the observed osteopenia/osteoporosis may be the result of contribution of both reduced bone formation and increased bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
| | - A N Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Av. Córdoba 2351, (C1120ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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14
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Grabowski GA, Antommaria AHM, Kolodny EH, Mistry PK. Gaucher disease: Basic and translational science needs for more complete therapy and management. Mol Genet Metab 2021; 132:59-75. [PMID: 33419694 PMCID: PMC8809485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.12.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A Grabowski
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Department of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Armand H M Antommaria
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, United States of America; Lee Ault Carter Chair of Pediatric Ethics, Cincinnati Children's Research Foundation, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America.
| | - Edwin H Kolodny
- Department of Neurology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Pramod K Mistry
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America.
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15
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Srikanth MP, Feldman RA. Elevated Dkk1 Mediates Downregulation of the Canonical Wnt Pathway and Lysosomal Loss in an iPSC Model of Neuronopathic Gaucher Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10121630. [PMID: 33287247 PMCID: PMC7761665 DOI: 10.3390/biom10121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gaucher Disease (GD), which is the most common lysosomal storage disorder, is caused by bi-allelic mutations in GBA1—a gene that encodes the lysosomal hydrolase β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The neuronopathic forms of GD (nGD) are characterized by severe neurological abnormalities that arise during gestation or early in infancy. Using GD-induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs), we have previously reported that neuronal cells have neurodevelopmental defects associated with the downregulation of canonical Wnt signaling. In this study, we report that GD NPCs display elevated levels of Dkk1, which is a secreted Wnt antagonist that prevents receptor activation. Dkk1 upregulation in mutant NPCs resulted in an increased degradation of β-catenin, and there was a concomitant reduction in lysosomal numbers. Consistent with these results, incubation of the mutant NPCs with recombinant Wnt3a (rWnt3a) was able to outcompete the excess Dkk1, increasing β-catenin levels and rescuing lysosomal numbers. Furthermore, the incubation of WT NPCs with recombinant Dkk1 (rDkk1) phenocopied the mutant phenotype, recapitulating the decrease in β-catenin levels and lysosomal depletion seen in nGD NPCs. This study provides evidence that downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in nGD neuronal cells involves the upregulation of Dkk1. As Dkk1 is an extracellular Wnt antagonist, our results suggest that the deleterious effects of Wnt/β-catenin downregulation in nGD may be ameliorated by the prevention of Dkk1 binding to the Wnt co-receptor LRP6, pointing to Dkk1 as a potential therapeutic target for GBA1-associated neurodegeneration.
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16
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Saftig P, Puertollano R. How Lysosomes Sense, Integrate, and Cope with Stress. Trends Biochem Sci 2020; 46:97-112. [PMID: 33012625 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are in the center of the cellular control of catabolic and anabolic processes. These membrane-surrounded acidic organelles contain around 70 hydrolases, 200 membrane proteins, and numerous accessory proteins associated with the cytosolic surface of lysosomes. Accessory and transmembrane proteins assemble in signaling complexes that sense and integrate multiple signals and transmit the information to the nucleus. This communication allows cells to respond to changes in multiple environmental conditions, including nutrient levels, pathogens, energy availability, and lysosomal damage, with the goal of restoring cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes our current understanding of the major molecular players and known pathways that are involved in control of metabolic and stress responses that either originate from lysosomes or regulate lysosomal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Saftig
- Biochemical Institute, Christian-Albrechts-Universität Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Rosa Puertollano
- Cell Biology and Physiology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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17
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Sanjurjo-Rodríguez C, Castro-Viñuelas R, Piñeiro-Ramil M, Rodríguez-Fernández S, Fuentes-Boquete I, Blanco FJ, Díaz-Prado S. Versatility of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) for Improving the Knowledge on Musculoskeletal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176124. [PMID: 32854405 PMCID: PMC7504376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an unlimited source of pluripotent cells capable of differentiating into any cell type of the body. Several studies have demonstrated the valuable use of iPSCs as a tool for studying the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying disorders affecting bone, cartilage and muscle, as well as their potential for tissue repair. Musculoskeletal diseases are one of the major causes of disability worldwide and impose an important socio-economic burden. To date there is neither cure nor proven approach for effectively treating most of these conditions and therefore new strategies involving the use of cells have been increasingly investigated in the recent years. Nevertheless, some limitations related to the safety and differentiation protocols among others remain, which humpers the translational application of these strategies. Nonetheless, the potential is indisputable and iPSCs are likely to be a source of different types of cells useful in the musculoskeletal field, for either disease modeling or regenerative medicine. In this review, we aim to illustrate the great potential of iPSCs by summarizing and discussing the in vitro tissue regeneration preclinical studies that have been carried out in the musculoskeletal field by using iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sanjurjo-Rodríguez
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-R.); (S.D.-P.)
| | - Rocío Castro-Viñuelas
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - María Piñeiro-Ramil
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Silvia Rodríguez-Fernández
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Isaac Fuentes-Boquete
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Blanco
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
- Tissular Bioengineering and Cell Therapy Unit (GBTTC-CHUAC), Rheumatology Group, 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Silvia Díaz-Prado
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Group, Department of Physiotherapy, Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain; (R.C.-V.); (M.P.-R.); (S.R.-F.); (I.F.-B.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of A Coruña (INIBIC), University Hospital Complex A Coruña (CHUAC), Galician Health Service (SERGAS), 15006 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Agrupación estratégica CICA-INIBIC, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
- Correspondence: (C.S.-R.); (S.D.-P.)
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18
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Crivaro A, Bondar C, Mucci JM, Ormazabal M, Feldman RA, Delpino MV, Rozenfeld PA. Gaucher disease-associated alterations in mesenchymal stem cells reduce osteogenesis and favour adipogenesis processes with concomitant increased osteoclastogenesis. Mol Genet Metab 2020; 130:274-282. [PMID: 32536424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2020.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by pathogenic mutations in GBA1, the gene that encodes the lysosomal enzyme β-glucocerebrosidase. Until now, treatments for GD cannot completely reverse bone problems. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of MSCs from GD patients (GD MSCs) to differentiate towards the osteoblast (GD Ob) and adipocyte (GD Ad) lineages, and their role in osteoclastogenesis. We observed that GD Ob exhibited reduced mineralization, collagen deposition and alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), as well as decreased gene expression of RUNX2, COLA1 and ALP. We also evaluated the process of osteoclastogenesis and observed that conditioned media from GD MSCs supernatants induced an increase in the number of osteoclasts. In this model, osteoclastogenesis was induced by RANKL and IL-1β. Furthermore, results showed that in GD MSCs there was a promotion in NLRP3 and PPAR-γ gene expression. Adipogenic differentiation revealed that GD Ad had an increase in PPAR-γ and a reduced RUNX2 gene expression, promoting adipocyte differentiation. In conclusion, our results show that GD MSCs exhibited deficient GD Ob differentiation and increased adipogenesis. In addition, we show that GD MSCs promoted increased osteoclastogenesis through RANKL and IL-1β. These changes in GD MSCs are likely to contribute to skeletal imbalance observed in GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crivaro
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - C Bondar
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - J M Mucci
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - M Ormazabal
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - R A Feldman
- Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Facultad de Medicina, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Paraguay 2155, (C1121ABG), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M V Delpino
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - P A Rozenfeld
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos (IIFP), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, asociado CIC PBA, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Bv. 120 N(o)1489 (1900), La Plata, Argentina.
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19
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Serra-Vinardell J, Roca-Ayats N, De-Ugarte L, Vilageliu L, Balcells S, Grinberg D. Bone development and remodeling in metabolic disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:133-144. [PMID: 30942483 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
There are many metabolic disorders that present with bone phenotypes. In some cases, the pathological bone symptoms are the main features of the disease whereas in others they are a secondary characteristic. In general, the generation of the bone problems in these disorders is not well understood and the therapeutic options for them are scarce. Bone development occurs in the early stages of embryonic development where the bone formation, or osteogenesis, takes place. This osteogenesis can be produced through the direct transformation of the pre-existing mesenchymal cells into bone tissue (intramembranous ossification) or by the replacement of the cartilage by bone (endochondral ossification). In contrast, bone remodeling takes place during the bone's growth, after the bone development, and continues throughout the whole life. The remodeling involves the removal of mineralized bone by osteoclasts followed by the formation of bone matrix by the osteoblasts, which subsequently becomes mineralized. In some metabolic diseases, bone pathological features are associated with bone development problems but in others they are associated with bone remodeling. Here, we describe three examples of impaired bone development or remodeling in metabolic diseases, including work by others and the results from our research. In particular, we will focus on hereditary multiple exostosis (or osteochondromatosis), Gaucher disease, and the susceptibility to atypical femoral fracture in patients treated with bisphosphonates for several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Serra-Vinardell
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Neus Roca-Ayats
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura De-Ugarte
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Lluïsa Vilageliu
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susanna Balcells
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Grinberg
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, CIBERER, IBUB, IRSJD, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Costa R, Bellesso S, Lualdi S, Manzoli R, Pistorio V, Filocamo M, Moro E. A transcriptional and post-transcriptional dysregulation of Dishevelled 1 and 2 underlies the Wnt signaling impairment in type I Gaucher disease experimental models. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 29:274-285. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Bone differentiation defects have been recently tied to Wnt signaling alterations occurring in vitro and in vivo Gaucher disease (GD) models. In this work, we provide evidence that the Wnt signaling multi-domain intracellular transducers Dishevelled 1 and 2 (DVL1 and DVL2) may be potential upstream targets of impaired beta glucosidase (GBA1) activity by showing their misexpression in different type 1 GD in vitro models. We also show that in Gba mutant fish a miR-221 upregulation is associated with reduced dvl2 expression levels and that in type I Gaucher patients single-nucleotide variants in the DVL2 3′ untranslated region are related to variable canonical Wnt pathway activity. Thus, we strengthen the recently outlined relation between bone differentiation defects and Wnt/β-catenin dysregulation in type I GD and further propose novel mechanistic insights of the Wnt pathway impairment caused by glucocerebrosidase loss of function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Costa
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Stefania Bellesso
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Susanna Lualdi
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Rosa Manzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
| | - Valeria Pistorio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Mirella Filocamo
- Centro di Diagnostica Genetica e Biochimica delle Malattie Metaboliche Giannina Gaslini Institute, Genova 16147, Italy
| | - Enrico Moro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova I-35121, Italy
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21
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Oliveri B, González D, Quiroga F, Silva C, Rozenfeld P. A Comprehensive Study of Bone Manifestations in Adult Gaucher Disease Type 1 Patients in Argentina. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 104:650-657. [PMID: 30790003 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Gaucher disease (GD) is the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease, and bone involvement is the most disabling condition. The aim of the present study was to evaluate bone involvement in adult patients with GD, using an observational cross-sectional study. Patients were evaluated using X-rays, bone densitometry (BMD), trabecular bone score (TBS), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and biochemical bone markers. Thirty-two type 1GD patients were included (mean age: 40 ± 16 years). Patients had received velaglucerase for 2.7 ± 1.4 years; 19/32 had been treated previously with imiglucerase. Ninety-four percent of subjects met therapeutic goals for hematological parameters, and eight were splenectomized (SPX). Nineteen patients had irreversible bone lesions (IL), i.e., avascular necrosis, bone infarction, and/or vertebral fractures. MRI showed marrow infiltration in 71% of patients. Patients with IL had higher bone marrow burden than those without (p = 0.001). All SPX patients had IL, a higher prevalence of bone marrow edema (p = 0.02), and lower TBS (p = 0.03) than non-SPX patients. Only 18.7% of patients had abnormal BMD, with no correlation with fractures (FX). TBS values were < 1350 in 53% of patients and tended to be lower in those with FX (p = 0.06). Patients with P1NP in the lower quartile had lower TBS (p = 0.03) than those with P1NP in the higher quartiles. TBS correlated moderately but not significantly with P1NP (r = 0.32) and BMB (r = - 0.44). A high prevalence of IL was documented. Bone quality was more affected than BMD in fracture patients. Low bone formation, active bone marrow infiltration, and splenectomy might be implicated in IL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Oliveri
- Laboratorio de Osteoporosis y Enf. Metabólicas Oseas, INIGEM (UBA-CONICET) Hosp.de Clínicas JSM, Cordoba 2351-Piso 8, 1120, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Diana González
- Mautalen Salud e Investigación, Azcuenaga, 1860-Piso 6, 1128, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Felisa Quiroga
- Diagnóstico Maipú, Av. Maipú 1660, Vicente López, 1602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Silva
- Diagnóstico Maipú, Av. Maipú 1660, Vicente López, 1602, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Rozenfeld
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Calle 47 y 115-La Plata, 1900, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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22
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Crivaro AN, Mucci JM, Bondar CM, Ormazabal ME, Ceci R, Simonaro C, Rozenfeld PA. Efficacy of pentosan polysulfate in in vitro models of lysosomal storage disorders: Fabry and Gaucher Disease. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217780. [PMID: 31150494 PMCID: PMC6544267 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaucher and Fabry diseases are the most prevalent sphingolipidoses. Chronic inflammation is activated in those disorders, which could play a role in pathogenesis. Significant degrees of amelioration occur in patients upon introduction of specific therapies; however, restoration to complete health status is not always achieved. The idea of an adjunctive therapy that targets inflammation may be a suitable option for patients. PPS is a mixture of semisynthetic sulfated polyanions that have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects in mucopolysaccharidosis type I and II patients and animal models of type I, IIIA and VI. We hypothesized PPS could be a useful adjunctive therapy to inflammation for Gaucher and Fabry diseases. The objective of this work is to analyze the in vitro effect of PPS on inflammatory cytokines in cellular models of Gaucher and Fabry diseases, and to study its effect in Gaucher disease associated in vitro bone alterations. Cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Fabry and Gaucher patients were exposed to PPS. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines was significantly reduced. Peripheral blood cells exposed to PPS from Gaucher patients revealed a reduced tendency to differentiate to osteoclasts. Osteoblasts and osteocytes cell lines were incubated with an inhibitor of glucocerebrosidase, and conditioned media was harvested in order to analyze if those cells secrete factors that induce osteoclastogenesis. Conditioned media from this cell cultures exposed to PPS produced lower numbers of osteoclasts. We could demonstrate PPS is an effective molecule to reduce the production of proinflammatory cytokines in in vitro models of Fabry and Gaucher diseases. Moreover, it was effective at ameliorating bone alterations of in vitro models of Gaucher disease. These results serve as preclinical supportive data to start clinical trials in human patients to analyze the effect of PPS as a potential adjunctive therapy for Fabry and Gaucher diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea N. Crivaro
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan M. Mucci
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Constanza M. Bondar
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Maximiliano E. Ormazabal
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Romina Ceci
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Calogera Simonaro
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Paula A. Rozenfeld
- IIFP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, La Plata, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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