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Karlsson M, Kieu NP, Lenman M, Marttila S, Resjö S, Zahid MA, Andreasson E. CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing of potato StDMR6-1 results in plants less affected by different stress conditions. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae130. [PMID: 38974188 PMCID: PMC11224679 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Potato is the third most important food crop, but cultivation is challenged by numerous diseases and adverse abiotic conditions. To combat diseases, frequent fungicide application is common. Knocking out susceptibility genes by genome editing could be a durable option to increase resistance. DMR6 has been described as a susceptibility gene in several crops, based on data that indicates increased resistance upon interruption of the gene function. In potato, Stdmr6-1 mutants have been described to have increased resistance against the late blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans in controlled conditions. Here, we present field evaluations of CRISPR/Cas9 mutants, in a location with a complex population of P. infestans, during four consecutive years that indicate increased resistance to late blight without any trade-off in terms of yield penalty or tuber quality. Furthermore, studies of potato tubers from the field trials indicated increased resistance to common scab, and the mutant lines exhibit increased resistance to early blight pathogen Alternaria solani in controlled conditions. Early blight and common scab are problematic targets in potato resistance breeding, as resistance genes are very scarce. The described broad-spectrum resistance of Stdmr6-1 mutants may further extend to some abiotic stress conditions. In controlled experiments of either drought simulation or salinity, Stdmr6-1 mutant plants are less affected than the background cultivar. Together, these results demonstrate the prospect of the Stdmr6-1 mutants as a useful tool in future sustainable potato cultivation without any apparent trade-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milla Karlsson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Nam Phuong Kieu
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Marit Lenman
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Salla Marttila
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Svante Resjö
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Awais Zahid
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Erik Andreasson
- Department of Plant Protection Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, 234 22, Lomma, Sweden
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Liu L, Liu X, Liu L, Zhu T, Ye R, Chen H, Zhou L, Wu G, Tan L, Han J, Li R, Ma X, Deng Z. Clarification of the infection pattern of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri on citrus fruit by artificial inoculation. PLANT METHODS 2024; 20:65. [PMID: 38725004 PMCID: PMC11080196 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-024-01190-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus canker is a significant bacterial disease caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) that severely impedes the healthy development of the citrus industry. Especially when citrus fruit is infected by Xcc, it will reduce or even lost its commercial value. However, due to the prolonged fruiting cycle and intricate structure, much less research progress had been made in canker disease on fruit than on leaf. In fact, limited understanding has been achieved on canker development and the response to Xcc infection in fruit. RESULTS Herein, the progression of canker disease on sweet orange fruit was tracked in the field. Results indicated that typical lesions initially appear on the sepal, style residue, nectary disk, epicarp, and peduncle of young fruits after petal fall. The susceptibility of fruits to Xcc infection diminished as the fruit developed, with no new lesions forming at the ripening stage. The establishment of an efficient method for inoculating Xcc on fruit as well as the artificial inoculation throughout the fruit's developmental cycle clarified this infection pattern. Additionally, microscopic observations during the infection process revealed that Xcc invasion caused structural changes on the surface and cross-section of the fruit. CONCLUSIONS An efficient system for inoculation on citrus fruit with Xcc was established, by which it can serve for the evaluation of citrus germplasm for canker disease resistance and systematic research on the interactions between Xcc and citrus fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Liu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xin Liu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Lingyi Liu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Rongchun Ye
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Hao Chen
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Linglei Zhou
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Guang Wu
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Limei Tan
- Chenzhou Institute of Agricultural Science, Chenzhou, 423000, China
- NanLing Institute of Citrus Industry, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Jian Han
- Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hunan Horticultural Research Institute, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Comprehensive Experimental Station of Navel Sweet Orange in South Hunan, Chenzhou, 424200, China
| | - Xianfeng Ma
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- Engineering Research Center for Horticultural Crop Germplasm Creation and New Variety Breeding, Ministry of Education, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Ziniu Deng
- National Center for Citrus Improvement-Changsha, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.
- NanLing Institute of Citrus Industry, Chenzhou, 423000, China.
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Djennane S, Gersch S, Le-Bohec F, Piron MC, Baltenweck R, Lemaire O, Merdinoglu D, Hugueney P, Nogué F, Mestre P. CRISPR/Cas9 editing of Downy mildew resistant 6 (DMR6-1) in grapevine leads to reduced susceptibility to Plasmopara viticola. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2100-2112. [PMID: 38069501 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Downy mildew of grapevine (Vitis vinifera), caused by the oomycete Plasmopara viticola, is an important disease that is present in cultivation areas worldwide, and using resistant varieties provides an environmentally friendly alternative to fungicides. DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6 (DMR6) from Arabidopsis is a negative regulator of plant immunity and its loss of function confers resistance to downy mildew. In grapevine, DMR6 is present in two copies, named VvDMR6-1 and VvDMR6-2. Here, we describe the editing of VvDMR6-1 in embryogenic calli using CRISPR/Cas9 and the regeneration of the edited plants. All edited plants were found to be biallelic and chimeric, and whilst they all showed reduced growth compared with non-transformed control plants, they also had reduced susceptibility to P. viticola. Comparison between mock-inoculated genotypes showed that all edited lines presented higher levels of salicylic acid than controls, and lines subjected to transformation presented higher levels of cis-resveratrol than controls. Our results identify VvDMR6-1 as a promising target for breeding grapevine cultivars with improved resistance to downy mildew.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Djennane
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Gersch
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Lemaire
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
| | | | | | - Fabien Nogué
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), 78000 Versailles, France
| | - Pere Mestre
- INRAE, Université de Strasbourg, UMR SVQV, 68000 Colmar, France
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Jia H, Omar AA, Xu J, Dalmendray J, Wang Y, Feng Y, Wang W, Hu Z, Grosser JW, Wang N. Generation of transgene-free canker-resistant Citrus sinensis cv. Hamlin in the T0 generation through Cas12a/CBE co-editing. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1385768. [PMID: 38595767 PMCID: PMC11002166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1385768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Citrus canker disease affects citrus production. This disease is caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc). Previous studies confirmed that during Xcc infection, PthA4, a transcriptional activator like effector (TALE), is translocated from the pathogen to host plant cells. PthA4 binds to the effector binding elements (EBEs) in the promoter region of canker susceptibility gene LOB1 (EBEPthA4-LOBP) to activate its expression and subsequently cause canker symptoms. Previously, the Cas12a/CBE co-editing method was employed to disrupt EBEPthA4-LOBP of pummelo, which is highly homozygous. However, most commercial citrus cultivars are heterozygous hybrids and more difficult to generate homozygous/biallelic mutants. Here, we employed Cas12a/CBE co-editing method to edit EBEPthA4-LOBP of Hamlin (Citrus sinensis), a commercial heterozygous hybrid citrus cultivar grown worldwide. Binary vector GFP-p1380N-ttLbCas12a:LOBP1-mPBE:ALS2:ALS1 was constructed and shown to be functional via Xcc-facilitated agroinfiltration in Hamlin leaves. This construct allows the selection of transgene-free regenerants via GFP, edits ALS to generate chlorsulfuron-resistant regenerants as a selection marker for genome editing resulting from transient expression of the T-DNA via nCas9-mPBE:ALS2:ALS1, and edits gene(s) of interest (i.e., EBEPthA4-LOBP in this study) through ttLbCas12a, thus creating transgene-free citrus. Totally, 77 plantlets were produced. Among them, 8 plantlets were transgenic plants (#HamGFP1 - #HamGFP8), 4 plantlets were transgene-free (#HamNoGFP1 - #HamNoGFP4), and the rest were wild type. Among 4 transgene-free plantlets, three lines (#HamNoGFP1, #HamNoGFP2 and #HamNoGFP3) contained biallelic mutations in EBEpthA4, and one line (#HamNoGFP4) had homozygous mutations in EBEpthA4. We achieved 5.2% transgene-free homozygous/biallelic mutation efficiency for EBEPthA4-LOBP in C. sinensis cv. Hamlin, compared to 1.9% mutation efficiency for pummelo in a previous study. Importantly, the four transgene-free plantlets and 3 transgenic plantlets that survived were resistant against citrus canker. Taken together, Cas12a/CBE co-editing method has been successfully used to generate transgene-free canker-resistant C. sinensis cv. Hamlin in the T0 generation via biallelic/homozygous editing of EBEpthA4 of the canker susceptibility gene LOB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongge Jia
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Ahmad A. Omar
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Jin Xu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Javier Dalmendray
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Yuanchun Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Yu Feng
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Wenting Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Zhuyuan Hu
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Jude W. Grosser
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Horticultural Sciences Department, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
| | - Nian Wang
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS), University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, United States
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Campa M, Miranda S, Licciardello C, Lashbrooke JG, Dalla Costa L, Guan Q, Spök A, Malnoy M. Application of new breeding techniques in fruit trees. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1304-1322. [PMID: 37394947 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and rapid adaption of invasive pathogens pose a constant pressure on the fruit industry to develop improved varieties. Aiming to accelerate the development of better-adapted cultivars, new breeding techniques have emerged as a promising alternative to meet the demand of a growing global population. Accelerated breeding, cisgenesis, and CRISPR/Cas genome editing hold significant potential for crop trait improvement and have proven to be useful in several plant species. This review focuses on the successful application of these technologies in fruit trees to confer pathogen resistance and tolerance to abiotic stress and improve quality traits. In addition, we review the optimization and diversification of CRISPR/Cas genome editing tools applied to fruit trees, such as multiplexing, CRISPR/Cas-mediated base editing and site-specific recombination systems. Advances in protoplast regeneration and delivery techniques, including the use of nanoparticles and viral-derived replicons, are described for the obtention of exogenous DNA-free fruit tree species. The regulatory landscape and broader social acceptability for cisgenesis and CRISPR/Cas genome editing are also discussed. Altogether, this review provides an overview of the versatility of applications for fruit crop improvement, as well as current challenges that deserve attention for further optimization and potential implementation of new breeding techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Campa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Department of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Simón Miranda
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Qingmei Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Armin Spök
- Science, Technology and Society Unit, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Mickael Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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Giacomelli L, Zeilmaker T, Giovannini O, Salvagnin U, Masuero D, Franceschi P, Vrhovsek U, Scintilla S, Rouppe van der Voort J, Moser C. Simultaneous editing of two DMR6 genes in grapevine results in reduced susceptibility to downy mildew. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1242240. [PMID: 37692430 PMCID: PMC10486898 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1242240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The reduction of pesticide treatments is of paramount importance for the sustainability of viticulture, and it can be achieved through a combination of strategies, including the cultivation of vines (Vitis vinifera) that are resistant or tolerant to diseases such as downy mildew (DM). In many crops, the knock-out of Downy Mildew Resistant 6 (DMR6) proved successful in controlling DM-resistance, but the effect of mutations in DMR6 genes is not yet known in grapevine. Today, gene editing serves crop improvement with small and specific mutations while maintaining the genetic background of commercially important clones. Moreover, recent technological advances allowed to produce non-transgenic grapevine clones by regeneration of protoplasts edited with the CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein. This approach may revolutionize the production of new grapevine varieties and clones, but it requires knowledge about the targets and the impact of editing on plant phenotype and fitness in different cultivars. In this work we generated single and double knock-out mutants by editing DMR6 susceptibility (S) genes using CRISPR/Cas9, and showed that only the combined mutations in VviDMR6-1 and VviDMR6-2 are effective in reducing susceptibility to DM in two table-grape cultivars by increasing the levels of endogenous salicylic acid. Therefore, editing both genes may be necessary for effective DM control in real-world agricultural settings, which could potentially lead to unwanted phenotypes. Additional research, including trials conducted in experimental vineyards, is required to gain a deeper understanding of DMR6-based resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Giacomelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Tieme Zeilmaker
- Enza Zaden Research & Development B.V., Enkhuizen, Netherlands
| | - Oscar Giovannini
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Umberto Salvagnin
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Domenico Masuero
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Pietro Franceschi
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Urska Vrhovsek
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Simone Scintilla
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Moser
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all’Adige, Italy
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7
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Laura M, Forti C, Barberini S, Ciorba R, Mascarello C, Giovannini A, Pistelli L, Pieracci Y, Lanteri AP, Ronca A, Minuto A, Ruffoni B, Cardi T, Savona M. Highly Efficient CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Gene Editing in Ocimum basilicum 'FT Italiko' to Induce Resistance to Peronospora belbahrii. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2395. [PMID: 37446956 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Ocimum basilicum (sweet basil) is an economically important aromatic herb; in Italy, approximately 1000 ha of "Genovese-type" basil are grown annually in greenhouses and open fields and are subjected to Downy Mildew (DM) disease, caused by Peronospora belbahrii, leading to huge crop losses. Mutation of the Susceptibility (S) gene DMR6 (Downy Mildew Resistant 6) has been proven to confer a broad-spectrum resistance to DM. In this work, an effective Genome Editing (GE) approach mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 in O. basilicum 'Italiko', the élite cultivar used to produce "Pesto Genovese D.O.P", was developed. A highly efficient genetic transformation method mediated by A. tumefaciens has been optimized from cotyledonary nodes, obtaining 82.2% of regenerated shoots, 84.6% of which resulted in Cas9+ plants. Eleven T0 lines presented different type of mutations in ObDMR6; 60% were indel frameshift mutations with knock-out of ObDMR6 of 'FT Italiko'. Analysis of six T1 transgene-free seedlings revealed that the mutations of T0 plants were inherited and segregated. Based on infection trials conducted on T0 plants, clone 22B showed a very low percentage of disease incidence after 14 days post infection. The aromatic profile of all in vitro edited plants was also reported; all of them showed oxygenated monoterpenes as the major fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Laura
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Chiara Forti
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
- CNR-IBBA, Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, Via Bassini 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Barberini
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
- CNR-IPSP, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Roberto Ciorba
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
- CREA, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Via di Fioranello 52, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Mascarello
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Giovannini
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ylenia Pieracci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Lanteri
- CeRSAA, Center for Agricultural Experimentation and Assistance, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy
| | - Agostina Ronca
- CeRSAA, Center for Agricultural Experimentation and Assistance, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuto
- CeRSAA, Center for Agricultural Experimentation and Assistance, Regione Rollo 98, 17031 Albenga, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruffoni
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
| | - Teodoro Cardi
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
- CNR-IBBR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, 80055 Portici, Italy
| | - Marco Savona
- CREA, Research Centre for Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Corso degli Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy
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8
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Nerva L, Dalla Costa L, Ciacciulli A, Sabbadini S, Pavese V, Dondini L, Vendramin E, Caboni E, Perrone I, Moglia A, Zenoni S, Michelotti V, Micali S, La Malfa S, Gentile A, Tartarini S, Mezzetti B, Botta R, Verde I, Velasco R, Malnoy MA, Licciardello C. The Role of Italy in the Use of Advanced Plant Genomic Techniques on Fruit Trees: State of the Art and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24020977. [PMID: 36674493 PMCID: PMC9861864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24020977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change is deeply impacting the food chain production, lowering quality and yield. In this context, the international scientific community has dedicated many efforts to enhancing resilience and sustainability in agriculture. Italy is among the main European producers of several fruit trees; therefore, national research centers and universities undertook several initiatives to maintain the specificity of the 'Made in Italy' label. Despite their importance, fruit crops are suffering from difficulties associated with the conventional breeding approaches, especially in terms of financial commitment, land resources availability, and long generation times. The 'new genomic techniques' (NGTs), renamed in Italy as 'technologies for assisted evolution' (TEAs), reduce the time required to obtain genetically improved cultivars while precisely targeting specific DNA sequences. This review aims to illustrate the role of the Italian scientific community in the use of NGTs, with a specific focus on Citrus, grapevine, apple, pear, chestnut, strawberry, peach, and kiwifruit. For each crop, the key genes and traits on which the scientific community is working, as well as the technological improvements and advancements on the regeneration of local varieties, are presented. Lastly, a focus is placed on the legal aspects in the European and in Italian contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Nerva
- Research Center for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenza Dalla Costa
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
| | - Angelo Ciacciulli
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 95024 Acireale, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabbadini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Vera Pavese
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Luca Dondini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisa Vendramin
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Emilia Caboni
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Irene Perrone
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Moglia
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Sara Zenoni
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Vania Michelotti
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 29017 Fiorenzuola D’Arda, Italy
| | - Sabrina Micali
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano La Malfa
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gentile
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Stefano Tartarini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Bruno Mezzetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Roberto Botta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Torino, Italy
| | - Ignazio Verde
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00134 Rome, Italy
| | - Riccardo Velasco
- Research Center for Viticulture and Enology, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Mickael Arnaud Malnoy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Foundation Edmund Mach, 38098 San Michele all’Adige, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (C.L.); Tel.: +39-04-6161-5536 (M.A.M.); +39-09-5765-3104 (C.L.)
| | - Concetta Licciardello
- Research Center for Olive Fruit and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 95024 Acireale, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.A.M.); (C.L.); Tel.: +39-04-6161-5536 (M.A.M.); +39-09-5765-3104 (C.L.)
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Vuong UT, Iswanto ABB, Nguyen Q, Kang H, Lee J, Moon J, Kim SH. Engineering plant immune circuit: walking to the bright future with a novel toolbox. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:17-45. [PMID: 36036862 PMCID: PMC9829404 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens destroy crops and cause severe yield losses, leading to an insufficient food supply to sustain the human population. Apart from relying on natural plant immune systems to combat biological agents or waiting for the appropriate evolutionary steps to occur over time, researchers are currently seeking new breakthrough methods to boost disease resistance in plants through genetic engineering. Here, we summarize the past two decades of research in disease resistance engineering against an assortment of pathogens through modifying the plant immune components (internal and external) with several biotechnological techniques. We also discuss potential strategies and provide perspectives on engineering plant immune systems for enhanced pathogen resistance and plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uyen Thi Vuong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Arya Bagus Boedi Iswanto
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Quang‐Minh Nguyen
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Hobin Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Moon
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four Program), Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research CenterGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
- Division of Life ScienceGyeongsang National UniversityJinjuRepublic of Korea
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Shahbaz E, Ali M, Shafiq M, Atiq M, Hussain M, Balal RM, Sarkhosh A, Alferez F, Sadiq S, Shahid MA. Citrus Canker Pathogen, Its Mechanism of Infection, Eradication, and Impacts. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:plants12010123. [PMID: 36616252 PMCID: PMC9824702 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Citrus canker is a ravaging bacterial disease threatening citrus crops. Its major types are Asiatic Canker, Cancrosis B, and Cancrosis C, caused by Xanthomonas citri pv. citri (Xcc), Xanthomonas citri pv. aurantifolii pathotype-B (XauB), and pathotype-C (XauC), respectively. The bacterium enters its host through stomata and wounds, from which it invades the intercellular spaces in the apoplast. It produces erumpent corky necrotic lesions often surrounded by a chlorotic halo on the leaves, young stems, and fruits, which causes dark spots, defoliation, reduced photosynthetic rate, rupture of leaf epidermis, dieback, and premature fruit drop in severe cases. Its main pathogenicity determinant gene is pthA, whose variants are present in all citrus canker-causing pathogens. Countries where citrus canker is not endemic adopt different methods to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into the region, eradicate the pathogen, and minimize its dissemination, whereas endemic regions require an integrated management program to control the disease. The main aim of the present manuscript is to shed light on the pathogen profile, its mechanism of infection, and fruitful strategies for disease management. Although an adequate method to completely eradicate citrus canker has not been introduced so far, many new methods are under research to abate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Shahbaz
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Mobeen Ali
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shafiq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atiq
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Mujahid Hussain
- Horticultural Science Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
| | - Rashad Mukhtar Balal
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sarkhosh
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Fernando Alferez
- Horticultural Science Department, Southwest Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Immokalee, FL 34142, USA
| | - Saleha Sadiq
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shahid
- Horticultural Science Department, North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida/IFAS, Quincy, FL 32351, USA
- Correspondence:
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