1
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Flórez González SJ, Stashenko EE, Ocazionez RE, Vinardell MP, Fuentes JL. In vitro Safety Assessment of Extracts and Compounds From Plants as Sunscreen Ingredients. Int J Toxicol 2024; 43:243-252. [PMID: 38183303 DOI: 10.1177/10915818231225661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This work investigated the safety of extracts obtained from plants growing in Colombia, which have previously shown UV-filter/antigenotoxic properties. The compounds in plant extracts obtained by the supercritical fluid (CO2) extraction method were identified using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. Cytotoxicity measured as cytotoxic concentration 50% (CC50) and genotoxicity of the plant extracts and some compounds were studied in human fibroblasts using the trypan blue exclusion assay and the Comet assay, respectively. The extracts from Pipper eriopodon and Salvia aratocensis species and the compound trans-β-caryophyllene were clearly cytotoxic to human fibroblasts. Conversely, Achyrocline satureioides, Chromolaena pellia, and Lippia origanoides extracts were relatively less cytotoxic with CC50 values of 173, 184, and 89 μg/mL, respectively. The C. pellia and L. origanoides extracts produced some degree of DNA breaks at cytotoxic concentrations. The cytotoxicity of the studied compounds was as follows, with lower CC50 values representing the most cytotoxic compounds: resveratrol (91 μM) > pinocembrin (144 μM) > quercetin (222 μM) > titanium dioxide (704 μM). Quercetin was unique among the compounds assayed in being genotoxic to human fibroblasts. Our work indicates that phytochemicals can be cytotoxic and genotoxic, demonstrating the need to establish safe concentrations of these extracts for their potential use in cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Juliana Flórez González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - Raquel Elvira Ocazionez
- Centro de Cromatografía y Espectrometría de Masas (CROM-MASS), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
| | - María Pilar Vinardell
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Fisiología, Facultad de Farmacia y Ciencias de la Alimentación, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental (LMMA), Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas (CIBIMOL), Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia
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2
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Sanyal D, Arya D, Nishi K, Balasinor N, Singh D. Clinical Utility of Sperm Function Tests in Predicting Male Fertility: A Systematic Review. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:863-882. [PMID: 38012524 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-023-01405-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Routine semen analysis provides considerable information regarding sperm parameters; however, it is not solely adequate to predict male fertility potential. In the past two decades, several advance sperm function tests have been developed. The present systematic review intends to assess the clinical utility of available advance sperm function tests in predicting the male fertility potential. A systematic literature search was conducted as per PRISMA guidelines using PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library. Different keywords either singly or in combination were used to retrieve the relevant articles related to sperm function tests, male fertility, and pregnancy outcomes. A total of 5169 articles were obtained, out of which 110 meeting the selection criteria were included in this review. The majorly investigated sperm function tests are hypo-osmotic swelling test, acrosome reaction test, sperm capacitation test, hemizona binding assay, sperm DNA fragmentation test, seminal reactive oxygen species test, mitochondrial dysfunction tests, antisperm antibody test, nuclear chromatin de-condensation (NCD) test, etc. The different advance sperm function tests analyse different aspects of sperm function. Hence, any one test may not be helpful to appropriately predict the male fertility potential. Currently, the unavailability of high-quality clinical data, robust thresholds, complex protocols, high cost, etc., are the limiting factors and prohibiting current sperm function tests to reach the clinics. Further multi-centric research efforts are required to fulfil the existing lacunas and pave the way for these tests to be introduced into the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debarati Sanyal
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Deepshikha Arya
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Kumari Nishi
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Nafisa Balasinor
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
| | - Dipty Singh
- Department of Neuroendocrinology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
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3
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Esteves SC, Coimbra I, Hallak J. Surgically retrieved spermatozoa for ICSI cycles in non-azoospermic males with high sperm DNA fragmentation in semen. Andrology 2023; 11:1613-1634. [PMID: 36734283 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using surgically retrieved spermatozoa outside the classic context of azoospermia has been increasingly used to overcome infertility. The primary indications include high levels of sperm DNA damage in ejaculated spermatozoa and severe oligozoospermia or cryptozoospermia, particularly in couples with ICSI failure for no apparent reason. Current evidence suggests that surgically retrieved spermatozoa for ICSI in the above context improves outcomes, mainly concerning pregnancy and miscarriage rates. The reasons are not fully understood but may be related to the lower levels of DNA damage in spermatozoa retrieved from the testis compared with ejaculated counterparts. These findings are consistent with the notion that excessive sperm DNA damage can be a limiting factor responsible for the failure to conceive. Using testicular in preference of low-quality ejaculated spermatozoa bypasses post-testicular sperm DNA damage caused primarily by oxidative stress, thus increasing the likelihood of oocyte fertilization by genomically intact spermatozoa. Despite the overall favorable results, data remain limited, and mainly concern males with confirmed sperm DNA damage in the ejaculate. Additionally, information regarding the health of ICSI offspring resulting from the use of surgically retrieved spermatoa of non-azoospermic males is still lacking. Efforts should be made to improve the male partner's reproductive health for safer ICSI utilization. A comprehensive andrological evaluation aiming to identify and treat the underlying male infertility factor contributing to sperm DNA damage is essential for achieving this goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Av. Dr. Heitor Penteado, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Igor Coimbra
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Hallak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Reproductive Toxicology Unit, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Men's Health Study Group, Institute for Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Androscience, Science and Innovation Center in Andrology and High-Complex Clinical and Andrology Research Laboratory, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Measuring DNA modifications with the comet assay: a compendium of protocols. Nat Protoc 2023; 18:929-989. [PMID: 36707722 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The comet assay is a versatile method to detect nuclear DNA damage in individual eukaryotic cells, from yeast to human. The types of damage detected encompass DNA strand breaks and alkali-labile sites (e.g., apurinic/apyrimidinic sites), alkylated and oxidized nucleobases, DNA-DNA crosslinks, UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and some chemically induced DNA adducts. Depending on the specimen type, there are important modifications to the comet assay protocol to avoid the formation of additional DNA damage during the processing of samples and to ensure sufficient sensitivity to detect differences in damage levels between sample groups. Various applications of the comet assay have been validated by research groups in academia, industry and regulatory agencies, and its strengths are highlighted by the adoption of the comet assay as an in vivo test for genotoxicity in animal organs by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The present document includes a series of consensus protocols that describe the application of the comet assay to a wide variety of cell types, species and types of DNA damage, thereby demonstrating its versatility.
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5
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Siddique S, Farhat I, Kubwabo C, Chan P, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Hales BF. Exposure of men living in the greater Montreal area to organophosphate esters: Association with hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 166:107402. [PMID: 35839669 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to organophosphate esters (OPEs) is extensive, yet few studies have investigated their association with hormone levels or semen quality. Here, we studied the association between urinary concentrations of OPEs and their metabolites with hormone levels and semen parameters in men (n = 117) predominantly in the 20-29 years age range who were recruited from the greater Montreal area between 2009 and 2012. Urine, serum, and semen samples were analyzed for OPEs, hormones, and semen quality, respectively. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (BEHP), bis(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) hydrogen phosphate (B2,4DtBPP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), diphenyl phosphate (DPHP), bis (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and di-cresyl phosphate (DCPs) were detected in urine at a frequency ≥ 95%. The highest geometric mean concentration was observed for DPHP (18.54 ng/mL) and the second highest was B2,4DtBPP (6.23 ng/mL). Associations between a doubling in analyte concentrations in urine and hormone levels and semen quality parameters were estimated using multivariable linear regression. B2,4DtBPP levels were positively associated with total T3 (β = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.17). DPHP was inversely associated with estradiol (β = -2.56; 95% CI: -5.00, -0.17), and TCIPP was inversely associated with testosterone (β = -0.78; 95% CI: -1.40, -0.17). Concentrations of BCIPP were inversely associated with sperm concentrations (β = -7.76; 95% CI: -14.40, -0.61), progressive motility (β = - 4.98; 95% CI: -8.71, -1.09), and the sperm motility index (β = -9.72; 95% CI: -17.71, -0.96). In contrast, urinary DPHP concentrations were positively associated with the sperm motility (β = 4.37; 95% CI: 0.76, 8.12) and fertility indices (β = 6.64; 95% CI: 1.96, 11.53). Thus, OPE detection rates were high and exposure to several OPEs was associated with altered hormone levels and semen parameters. The possibility that OPEs affect male reproduction warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabana Siddique
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Imen Farhat
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cariton Kubwabo
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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6
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Farkouh A, Salvio G, Kuroda S, Saleh R, Vogiatzi P, Agarwal A. Sperm DNA integrity and male infertility: a narrative review and guide for the reproductive physicians. Transl Androl Urol 2022; 11:1023-1044. [PMID: 35958895 PMCID: PMC9360512 DOI: 10.21037/tau-22-149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective Conventional semen analysis (SA) remains an essential tool in the initial male fertility evaluation and subsequent follow-up. However, it neither provides information about the functional status of spermatozoa nor addresses disorders such as idiopathic or unexplained infertility (UI). Recently, assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) has been proposed as an extended sperm test that may help overcome these inherent limitations of basic SA. In this review, we aim to: (I) discuss the pathophysiological aspects of SDF, including natural repair mechanisms, causes, and impact on reproductive outcomes; (II) explain different assessment tools of SDF, and describe potential therapeutic options to manage infertile men with high SDF; and (III) analyse the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) of current research on the topic. Methods This review was constructed from original studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses that were published over the years up until August 2021, related to the various aspects of SDF. Key Content and Findings Different mechanisms lead to high SDF, including defective chromatin packaging, apoptosis, and seminal oxidative stress. The relevance of sperm DNA integrity to male fertility/infertility has been supported by the frequent observation of high levels of SDF in infertile men, and in association with risk factors for infertility. Additionally, high SDF levels have been inversely correlated with the outcomes of natural pregnancy and assisted reproduction. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling, sperm chromatin structure assay, sperm chromatin dispersion, and Comet assay are four commonly used assays for measurement of SDF. Addressing lifestyle risks and underlying conditions, antioxidants, hormonal therapy, and advanced sperm selection techniques have all been proposed as potential therapeutic options to lower SDF. Conclusions The sum of literature provides evidence of detrimental effects of high SDF on both natural and assisted fertility outcomes. Standardization of the techniques used for assessment of SDF and their incorporation into the work up of infertile couples may have significant implications on the future management of a selected category of infertile men with high SDF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala'a Farkouh
- Global Andrology Forum, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Moreland Hills, Ohio, USA
| | - Gianmaria Salvio
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences (DISCLIMO), Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Ramadan Saleh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.,Ajyal IVF Center, Ajyal Hospital, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Paraskevi Vogiatzi
- Andromed Health & Reproduction, Fertility Diagnostics Laboratory, Athens, Greece
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- Global Andrology Forum, American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Moreland Hills, Ohio, USA
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7
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Ribas-Maynou J, Llavanera M, Mateo-Otero Y, Garcia-Bonavila E, Delgado-Bermúdez A, Yeste M. Direct but Not Indirect Methods Correlate the Percentages of Sperm With Altered Chromatin to the Intensity of Chromatin Damage. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:719319. [PMID: 34746276 PMCID: PMC8570191 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.719319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although sperm chromatin damage, understood as damage to DNA or affectations in sperm protamination, has been proposed as a biomarker for sperm quality in both humans and livestock, the low incidence found in some animals raises concerns about its potential value. In this context, as separate methods measure different facets of chromatin damage, their comparison is of vital importance. This work aims at analyzing eight techniques assessing chromatin damage in pig sperm. With this purpose, cryopreserved sperm samples from 16 boars were evaluated through the following assays: TUNEL, TUNEL with decondensation, SCSA, alkaline and neutral sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) tests, alkaline and neutral Comet assays, and chromomycin A3 test (CMA3). In all cases, the extent of chromatin damage and the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA were determined. The degree of chromatin damage and the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA were significantly correlated (p < 0.05) in direct methods (TUNEL, TUNEL with decondensation, and alkaline and neutral Comet) and CMA3, but not in the indirect ones (SCD and SCSA). Percentages of sperm with fragmented DNA determined by alkaline Comet were significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with TUNEL following decondensation and CMA3; those determined by neutral Comet were correlated with the percentage of High DNA Stainability (SCSA); those determined by SCSA were correlated with neutral and alkaline SCD; and those determined by neutral SCD were correlated with alkaline SCD. While, in pigs, percentages of sperm with fragmented DNA are directly related to the extent of chromatin damage when direct methods are used, this is not the case for indirect techniques. Thus, the results obtained herein differ from those reported for humans in which TUNEL, SCSA, alkaline SCD, and alkaline Comet were found to be correlated. These findings may shed some light on the interpretation of these tests and provide some clues for the standardization of chromatin damage methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Llavanera
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Yentel Mateo-Otero
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Estela Garcia-Bonavila
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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8
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Ribas-Maynou J, Delgado-Bermúdez A, Garcia-Bonavila E, Pinart E, Yeste M, Bonet S. Complete Chromatin Decondensation of Pig Sperm Is Required to Analyze Sperm DNA Breaks With the Comet Assay. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675973. [PMID: 34195195 PMCID: PMC8236647 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sperm quality is usually evaluated prior to artificial insemination in farm animals. In addition to conventional semen analysis, other biomarkers, such as mitochondrial activity, integrity and lipid disorder of plasma membrane, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and sperm DNA integrity, have been found to be related to fertility rates in different species. While mounting evidence indicates that the Comet assay is a sensitive method for the detection of DNA breaks, complete sperm chromatin decondensation is required in order to properly analyze the presence of single- and double-strand DNA breaks. In this sense, a previous study showed that longer lysis treatment with proteinase K is needed to achieve complete chromatin decondensation. The current work sought to determine which specific lysis treatment leads to complete chromatin decondensation in pig sperm, as this is needed for the measurement of DNA damage in this species. With this purpose, incubation with a lysis solution containing proteinase K for 0, 30, and 180 min was added to the conventional protocol. The impact of the DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; 0.01 and 0.1%) and DNAse I (1U and 4U) was also evaluated. Complete chromatin decondensation was only achieved when a long additional lysis treatment (180 min) was included. Furthermore, olive tail moment (OTM) and percentage of tail DNA (TD) indicated that a higher amount of DNA breaks was detected when hydrogen peroxide and DNAse I treatments were applied (P < 0.05). The comparison of treated and control sperm allowed defining the thresholds for OTM; these thresholds revealed that the percentage of sperm with fragmented DNA determined by the alkaline Comet does not depend on chromatin decondensation (P > 0.05). In conclusion, complete chromatin decondensation prior to alkaline and neutral Comet assays is needed to analyze DNA breaks in pig sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ribas-Maynou
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Delgado-Bermúdez
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Estela Garcia-Bonavila
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Pinart
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Yeste
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
| | - Sergi Bonet
- Biotechnology of Animal and Human Reproduction (TechnoSperm), Institute of Food and Agricultural Technology, University of Girona, Girona, Spain.,Unit of Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Girona, Spain
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9
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Esteves SC, Zini A, Coward RM, Evenson DP, Gosálvez J, Lewis SEM, Sharma R, Humaidan P. Sperm DNA fragmentation testing: Summary evidence and clinical practice recommendations. Andrologia 2020; 53:e13874. [PMID: 33108829 PMCID: PMC7988559 DOI: 10.1111/and.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein summarise the evidence concerning the impact of sperm DNA fragmentation in various clinical infertility scenarios and the advances on sperm DNA fragmentation tests. The collected evidence was used to formulate 41 recommendations. Of these, 13 recommendations concern technical aspects of sperm DNA fragmentation testing, including pre‐analytical information, clinical thresholds and interpretation of results. The remaining 28 recommendations relate to indications for sperm DNA fragmentation testing and clinical management. Clinical scenarios like varicocele, unexplained infertility, idiopathic infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, fertility counselling for men with infertility risk factors and sperm cryopreservation have been contemplated. The bulk evidence supporting the recommendations has increased in recent years, but it is still of moderate to low quality. This guideline provides clinicians with advice on best practices in sperm DNA fragmentation testing. Also, recommendations are provided on possible management strategies to overcome infertility related to sperm DNA fragmentation, based on the best available evidence. Lastly, we identified gaps in knowledge and opportunities for research and elaborated a list of recommendations to stimulate further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Surgery (Division of Urology), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Armand Zini
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Robert Matthew Coward
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,UNC Fertility, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Donald P Evenson
- SCSA Diagnostics, Brookings, SD, USA.,Sanford Medical School, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jaime Gosálvez
- Unit of Genetics, Department of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sheena E M Lewis
- Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK.,Examenlab Ltd., Belfast, UK
| | - Rakesh Sharma
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Peter Humaidan
- Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Fertility Clinic Skive, Skive Regional Hospital, Skive, Denmark
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10
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Osborne B, Bakula D, Ben Ezra M, Dresen C, Hartmann E, Kristensen SM, Mkrtchyan GV, Nielsen MH, Petr MA, Scheibye-Knudsen M. New methodologies in ageing research. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 62:101094. [PMID: 32512174 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is arguably the most complex phenotype that occurs in humans. To understand and treat ageing as well as associated diseases, highly specialised technologies are emerging that reveal critical insight into the underlying mechanisms and provide new hope for previously untreated diseases. Herein, we describe the latest developments in cutting edge technologies applied across the field of ageing research. We cover emerging model organisms, high-throughput methodologies and machine-driven approaches. In all, this review will give you a glimpse of what will be pushing the field onwards and upwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenna Osborne
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniela Bakula
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ben Ezra
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Dresen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esben Hartmann
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stella M Kristensen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Garik V Mkrtchyan
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Malte H Nielsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael A Petr
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Scheibye-Knudsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Agarwal A, Panner Selvam MK, Baskaran S, Cho CL. Sperm DNA damage and its impact on male reproductive health: a critical review for clinicians, reproductive professionals and researchers. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:443-457. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1614916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Saradha Baskaran
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- Department of Surgery, Union Hospital, Sha Tin, Hong Kong
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Albert O, Huang JY, Aleksa K, Hales BF, Goodyer CG, Robaire B, Chevrier J, Chan P. Exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers and phthalates in healthy men living in the greater Montreal area: A study of hormonal balance and semen quality. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 116:165-175. [PMID: 29684825 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies investigating the associations between exposure of young men to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) or phthalates and hormone levels or semen quality have produced inconsistent results. Our goal was to investigate the association of exposure to PBDEs or phthalate metabolites with changes in markers of thyroid (TSH, free T3 and free T4) and reproductive function (sperm concentrations, motility, and quality; serum LH and testosterone) in 153 healthy young men from the greater Montreal area. Using covariate-adjusted models, we found that each 10-fold increase in BDE-47 was associated with lower TSH levels (-17.3%; 95% CI: -31.5, 0.0; p = 0.05). BDE-47 exposure was also associated with a decrease in sperm concentration (-19.7%; 95% CI: -36.8; 2.0; p = 0.07) and motility (-25.5%; 95% CI: -44.5, 0.1; p = 0.05). Trends towards decreases in these parameters were also observed in association with exposure to BDE-100 and the sum of BDE-47, -99, and -100 (∑3BDEs). These associations were not accompanied by effects on sperm chromatin quality, as assessed with the HT-COMET assay. There were no substantial associations between urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations, either individually or grouped by molecular weight or parent compound, and sperm quality parameters; however, there was a positive association between elevated MECCP and free T4 (0.98; 95% CI: 0.02, 1.94; p = 0.05). Inverse associations between BDE-47 and ∑3BDEs and free T3 and positive associations between MEHP and free T3 were stronger among individuals with BMI ≥ 25, suggesting that weight status may modify the effects of these endocrine disrupting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Albert
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Y Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Katarina Aleksa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Leslie Dan School of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia G Goodyer
- Research Institute of McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Chevrier
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Peter Chan
- Division of Urology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Bach PV, Schlegel PN. Sperm DNA damage and its role in IVF and ICSI. Basic Clin Androl 2016; 26:15. [PMID: 27980786 PMCID: PMC5137216 DOI: 10.1186/s12610-016-0043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While the semen analysis has traditionally been relied upon to differentiate fertile and infertile men, its utility has been questioned in the current era of assisted reproductive technologies. The desire for more sophisticated diagnostic and predictive tools has led to increased use of sperm DNA damage in the management of male infertility. Despite the availability of numerous assays to measure sperm DNA damage, our understanding of the etiology, measurement, and clinical implications of sperm DNA damage remains incomplete. While the current evidence is fraught with heterogeneity that complicates attempts at comparison and meta-analysis, there does appear to be a role for sperm DNA damage in the development and maintenance of pregnancy in the era of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). However, as noted by the American Society for Reproductive Medicine, the routine and widespread use of sperm DNA damage testing is not yet supported. Further studies are needed to standardize the measurement of sperm DNA damage and to clarify the exact role of sperm DNA damage within the myriad of other male and female factors contributing to reproductive outcomes in IVF and ICSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phil Vu Bach
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Peter N Schlegel
- Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Starr 900, New York, NY 10065 USA
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14
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Comet assay: an essential tool in toxicological research. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90:2315-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1767-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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