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Sun N, Ogulur I, Mitamura Y, Yazici D, Pat Y, Bu X, Li M, Zhu X, Babayev H, Ardicli S, Ardicli O, D'Avino P, Kiykim A, Sokolowska M, van de Veen W, Weidmann L, Akdis D, Ozdemir BG, Brüggen MC, Biedermann L, Straumann A, Kreienbühl A, Guttman-Yassky E, Santos AF, Del Giacco S, Traidl-Hoffmann C, Jackson DJ, Wang DY, Lauerma A, Breiteneder H, Zhang L, O'Mahony L, Pfaar O, O'Hehir R, Eiwegger T, Fokkens WJ, Cabanillas B, Ozdemir C, Walter K, Bayik M, Nadeau KC, Torres MJ, Akdis M, Jutel M, Agache I, Akdis CA. The epithelial barrier theory and its associated diseases. Allergy 2024. [PMID: 39370939 DOI: 10.1111/all.16318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/08/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of many chronic noncommunicable diseases has been steadily rising over the past six decades. During this time, over 350,000 new chemical substances have been introduced to the lives of humans. In recent years, the epithelial barrier theory came to light explaining the growing prevalence and exacerbations of these diseases worldwide. It attributes their onset to a functionally impaired epithelial barrier triggered by the toxicity of the exposed substances, associated with microbial dysbiosis, immune system activation, and inflammation. Diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory share common features such as an increased prevalence after the 1960s or 2000s that cannot (solely) be accounted for by the emergence of improved diagnostic methods. Other common traits include epithelial barrier defects, microbial dysbiosis with loss of commensals and colonization of opportunistic pathogens, and circulating inflammatory cells and cytokines. In addition, practically unrelated diseases that fulfill these criteria have started to emerge as multimorbidities during the last decades. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of diseases encompassed by the epithelial barrier theory and discuss evidence and similarities for their epidemiology, genetic susceptibility, epithelial barrier dysfunction, microbial dysbiosis, and tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- SKL of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Ismail Ogulur
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yasutaka Mitamura
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Duygu Yazici
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Yagiz Pat
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xiangting Bu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Manru Li
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Xueyi Zhu
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Huseyn Babayev
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Sena Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ardicli
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Division of Food Processing, Milk and Dairy Products Technology Program, Karacabey Vocational School, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Paolo D'Avino
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Ayca Kiykim
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Cerrahpasa School of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Weidmann
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Deniz Akdis
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marie Charlotte Brüggen
- Christine Kühne-Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE), Davos, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luc Biedermann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alex Straumann
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Kreienbühl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, and Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra F Santos
- Department of Women and Children's Health (Pediatric Allergy), School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
- Children's Allergy Service, Evelina London Children's Hospital, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
- Peter Gorer Department of Immunobiology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Stefano Del Giacco
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - David J Jackson
- Guy's Severe Asthma Centre, Guy's Hospital, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Trust, London, UK
- School of Immunology & Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - De-Yun Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Antti Lauerma
- Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heimo Breiteneder
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Oliver Pfaar
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Rhinology and Allergy, University Hospital Marburg, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Robyn O'Hehir
- Allergy, Asthma & Clinical Immunology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology, School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Eiwegger
- Translational Medicine Program, Research Institute, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital St. Pölten, St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Wytske J Fokkens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Cabanillas
- Department of Allergy, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cevdet Ozdemir
- Department of Pediatric Basic Sciences, Institute of Child Health, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kistler Walter
- Department of Sports Medicine, Davos Hospital, Davos, Switzerland
- Swiss Research Institute for Sports Medicine (SRISM), Davos, Switzerland
- Medical Committee International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mahmut Bayik
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kari C Nadeau
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria J Torres
- Allergy Unit, IBIMA-Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga-ARADyAL, UMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Marek Jutel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Wrocław Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ioana Agache
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University, Brasov, Romania
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), University of Zurich, Davos, Switzerland
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Zhang J, Li Y, Gong A, Wang J. From proteome to pathogenesis: investigating polycystic ovary syndrome with Mendelian randomization analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1442483. [PMID: 39314522 PMCID: PMC11417002 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1442483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined by oligo/anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries with uncertain pathogenesis. The proteome represents a substantial source of therapeutic targets, and their coding genes may elucidate the mechanisms underlying PCOS. However, reports on the profiles of the human plasma protein-coding genes and PCOS are limited. Here, we aimed to investigate novel biomarkers or drug targets for PCOS by integrating genetics and the human plasma proteome. Methods Our study acquired the protein quantitative trait loci from DECODE Genetics, offering 4,907 proteins in 35,559 individuals while obtaining PCOS summary statistics by accessing the FinnGen biobank (1,639 cases and 218,970 controls) and the genome-wide association study catalog (797 cases and 140,558 controls). Herein, we sequentially used two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses and colocalization to verify the causal link between candidate proteins, their coding genes, and PCOS. Further PCOS data download was conducted by accessing the Gene Expression Omnibus and Zenodo platforms. Gene expression level analysis, pathway enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration, and transcription factor prediction were performed, aiming at detecting specific cell types with enriched expression and exploring potential optimized treatments for PCOS. Results MR analysis revealed 243 protein-coding genes with a causal relationship to PCOS risk, of which 12 were prioritized with the most significant evidence. Through colocalization analysis, three key genes, CUB domain-containing protein 1 (CDCP1), glutaredoxin 2 (GLRX2), and kirre-like nephrin family adhesion molecule 2 (KIRREL2), were identified. Subsequently, the three genes were strongly related to immune function and metabolism in terms of biological significance. In single-cell analysis, the expression levels of genes in ovarian theca cells were explored. Conclusion Overall, three protein-coding genes (CDCP1, GLRX2, and KIRREL2) may be related to a higher PCOS risk, suggesting that they may be entry points for exploration of PCOS pathogenesis and treatment, warranting further clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Aixia Gong
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jingmin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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Kong FS, Feng J, Yao JP, Lu Y, Guo T, Sun M, Ren CY, Jin YY, Ma Y, Chen JH. Dysregulated RNA editing of EIF2AK2 in polycystic ovary syndrome: clinical relevance and functional implications. BMC Med 2024; 22:229. [PMID: 38853264 PMCID: PMC11163819 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03434-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive ages. Our previous study has implicated a possible link between RNA editing and PCOS, yet the actual role of RNA editing, its association with clinical features, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS Ten RNA-Seq datasets containing 269 samples of multiple tissue types, including granulosa cells, T helper cells, placenta, oocyte, endometrial stromal cells, endometrium, and adipose tissues, were retrieved from public databases. Peripheral blood samples were collected from twelve PCOS and ten controls and subjected to RNA-Seq. Transcriptome-wide RNA-Seq data analysis was conducted to identify differential RNA editing (DRE) between PCOS and controls. The functional significance of DRE was evaluated by luciferase reporter assays and overexpression in human HEK293T cells. Dehydroepiandrosterone and lipopolysaccharide were used to stimulate human KGN granulosa cells to evaluate gene expression. RESULTS RNA editing dysregulations across multiple tissues were found to be associated with PCOS in public datasets. Peripheral blood transcriptome analysis revealed 798 DRE events associated with PCOS. Through weighted gene co-expression network analysis, our results revealed a set of hub DRE events in PCOS blood. A DRE event in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 2 (EIF2AK2:chr2:37,100,559) was associated with PCOS clinical features such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and the ratio of LH over follicle-stimulating hormone. Luciferase assays, overexpression, and knockout of RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase RNA specific (ADAR) showed that the ADAR-mediated editing cis-regulated EIF2AK2 expression. EIAF2AK2 showed a higher expression after dehydroepiandrosterone and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, triggering changes in the downstrean MAPK pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our study presented the first evidence of cross-tissue RNA editing dysregulation in PCOS and its clinical associations. The dysregulation of RNA editing mediated by ADAR and the disrupted target EIF2AK2 may contribute to PCOS development via the MPAK pathway, underlining such epigenetic mechanisms in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Sheng Kong
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Feng
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Ping Yao
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinghua Lu
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ren
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun-Yun Jin
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaping Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute of Zoology of Guangdong Academy of Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
- Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China.
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Ahmadi M, Fathi M, Malmir A, Ghafouri-Fard S. Role of circular RNA/miRNA axes in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:437. [PMID: 38520572 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a disorder resulted from interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Based on the importance of epigenetic factors in the pathoetiology of PCOS, the current review focused on identification of circular RNAs (circRNAs) that are involved in PCOS through acting as molecular sponges for microRNAs (miRNAs). The literature search led to identification of circ_0043533/miR-1179, circ_0030018/miR-136, circ_FURIN/miR-423-5p, circ-FURIN/miR-195-5p, circ_0043532/miR-182, circ_RANBP9/miR-136-5p, circRHBG/miR-515-5p, circMTO1/miR-320b, circASPH/miR-375, circPSMC3/miR-296-3p, circLDLR/miR-1294, circPUM1/miR-760, and hsa_circ_0118530/miR-136 as molecular axes contributing to the pathogenesis of PCOS. To set the stage for future research on the role of the ceRNA network in PCOS, in-silico analyses were performed using miRWalk, miRNet, and miRDIP databases. miRWalk identified 80 genes regulated by 5 miRNAs, miRNet revealed 6449 circRNAs potentially controlling 11 miRNAs, and miRDIP identified 11 miRNAs associated with 35 human pathways. These targets can be used in the treatment options, design of personalized medicine and prediction of prognosis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Fathi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Malmir
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Parker J. Pathophysiological Effects of Contemporary Lifestyle on Evolutionary-Conserved Survival Mechanisms in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041056. [PMID: 37109585 PMCID: PMC10145572 DOI: 10.3390/life13041056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly being characterized as an evolutionary mismatch disorder that presents with a complex mixture of metabolic and endocrine symptoms. The Evolutionary Model proposes that PCOS arises from a collection of inherited polymorphisms that have been consistently demonstrated in a variety of ethnic groups and races. In utero developmental programming of susceptible genomic variants are thought to predispose the offspring to develop PCOS. Postnatal exposure to lifestyle and environmental risk factors results in epigenetic activation of developmentally programmed genes and disturbance of the hallmarks of health. The resulting pathophysiological changes represent the consequences of poor-quality diet, sedentary behaviour, endocrine disrupting chemicals, stress, circadian disruption, and other lifestyle factors. Emerging evidence suggests that lifestyle-induced gastrointestinal dysbiosis plays a central role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Lifestyle and environmental exposures initiate changes that result in disturbance of the gastrointestinal microbiome (dysbiosis), immune dysregulation (chronic inflammation), altered metabolism (insulin resistance), endocrine and reproductive imbalance (hyperandrogenism), and central nervous system dysfunction (neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system). PCOS can be a progressive metabolic condition that leads to obesity, gestational diabetes, type two diabetes, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This review explores the mechanisms that underpin the evolutionary mismatch between ancient survival pathways and contemporary lifestyle factors involved in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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Jozkowiak M, Piotrowska-Kempisty H, Kobylarek D, Gorska N, Mozdziak P, Kempisty B, Rachon D, Spaczynski RZ. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: The Relevant Role of the Theca and Granulosa Cells in the Pathogenesis of the Ovarian Dysfunction. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010174. [PMID: 36611967 PMCID: PMC9818374 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age. The pathogenesis of PCOS remains elusive; however, there is evidence suggesting the potential contribution of genetic interactions or predispositions combined with environmental factors. Among these, endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have been proposed to potentially contribute to the etiology of PCOS. Granulosa and theca cells are known to cooperate to maintain ovarian function, and any disturbance can lead to endocrine disorders, such as PCOS. This article provides a review of the recent knowledge on PCOS pathophysiology, the role of granulosa and theca cells in PCOS pathogenesis, and the evidence linking exposure to EDCs with reproductive disorders such as PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Jozkowiak
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Hanna Piotrowska-Kempisty
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61847-0721
| | - Dominik Kobylarek
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Natalia Gorska
- Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Dojazd 30, 60-631 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paul Mozdziak
- Physiology Graduate Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Prestage Department of Poultry Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Chalubinskiego 6a, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Dominik Rachon
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Robert Z. Spaczynski
- Center for Gynecology, Obstetrics and Infertility Treatment Pastelova, Pastelowa 8, 60-198 Poznan, Poland
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Gu H, Li L, Zhou B, Li M, Zhong W, Wei X, Zhong X. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in binding site of miRNA-135a and targeted gene IRS2 are correlated with multiple clinical features of PCOS: A study in Chinese women. Technol Health Care 2022; 30:71-80. [PMID: 35124585 PMCID: PMC9028752 DOI: 10.3233/thc-228007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) remains unclear with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations, recently growing evidence revealing genetic variants play a crucial part in its pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the correlation between SNPs in miRNA-135a’s binding site of targeted gene IRS2 and clinical manifestations of PCOS in Chinese females. METHOD: A total of 126 Chinese women with PCOS and 109 healthy women were enrolled, divided into 4 groups based on different clinical features of hyperandrogenemia (HA), insulin resistance (IR), polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) and obesity. We analyzed 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IRS2 gene (rs2289046 and rs1865434) and clinical features’ laboratory measurements such as sex hormone, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FINS). RESULTS: Located in miRNA-135a binding site of IRS2 gene, the rs2289046’s triple genotypes distribution showed a significant difference between PCOS/control group and PCOM/non-PCOM group (P< 0.05) while the rs1865434’s triple genotype distribution showed a significant difference between obesity/non-obesity group (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results revealed the two SNPs as rs2289046 and rs1865434 in the IRS-2 binding region of miRNA-135a have correlations with the clinical features of PCOS in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Gu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Longyu Li
- Dongguan Institute of Reproduction and Genetics, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bingyi Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingzhen Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenyao Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangcai Wei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xingmin Zhong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Parker J, O’Brien C, Hawrelak J, Gersh FL. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031336. [PMID: 35162359 PMCID: PMC8835454 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following a range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related to contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis that PCOS phenotypes are derived from a mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms and modern lifestyle practices is supported by a diversity of research findings. The proposed evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS incorporates evidence related to evolutionary theory, genetic studies, in utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, metabolic features including insulin resistance, obesity and the apparent paradox of lean phenotypes, reproductive effects and subfertility, the impact of the microbiome and dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, and the influence of lifestyle factors such as poor-quality diet and physical inactivity. Based on these premises, the diverse lines of research are synthesized into a composite evolutionary model of the pathogenesis of PCOS. It is hoped that this model will assist clinicians and patients to understand the importance of lifestyle interventions in the prevention and management of PCOS and provide a conceptual framework for future research. It is appreciated that this theory represents a synthesis of the current evidence and that it is expected to evolve and change over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Parker
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2500, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Claire O’Brien
- Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Canberra, Bruce 2617, Australia;
| | - Jason Hawrelak
- College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart 7005, Australia;
| | - Felice L. Gersh
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85004, USA;
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Alkhuriji AF, AlOmar SY, Babay ZA, El-khadragy MF, Alsharidah AR, Hanan A, Alnafjan AA, Mansour L. Association SOD2 and PON1 Gene Polymorphisms with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Saudi Women. Mol Syndromol 2021; 13:117-122. [DOI: 10.1159/000519527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a considered one of the most common female disorders associated with reproductive, metabolic, and psychological problems. The etiology of PCOS is still not yet disclosed; however, evidence for a genetic basis has been reported. In this study, we investigate the associations between superoxide dismutase 2 (<i>SOD2</i>) (rs4880) and paraoxonase 1 (<i>PON1</i>) (rs705379) polymorphisms in PCOS in Saudi women. The study included 99 females with PCOS and 98 healthy women as a control. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of promoter regions were determined using TaqMan genotyping assays. Regarding the polymorphism at <i>SOD2</i> (rs4880), the CC, CT, and TT genotypes were present at rates of 32, 61, and 7% in PCOS patients, and 47, 43, and 10% in controls, respectively. The frequency of the CT genotype in PCOS patients (0.61) was significantly higher than in controls (0.43) (OR = 2.05, CI: 1.16–3.61; <i>p</i> = 0.015). The wild homozygous genotype (CC) with the phenotype alanine appears to confer protection against the disease compared to molecules sharing at least one valine (genotypes, CT + TT). Regarding the polymorphism at <i>PON1</i> (rs705379), the rates of CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 34, 50, and 16% in PCOS patients and 33, 63, and 2% in controls, respectively. The rate of the TT genotype in PCOS patients was significantly higher than that in controls (<i>p</i> = 0.0058). <i>SOD2</i> and <i>PON1</i> polymorphisms may be genetic factors that affect the occurrence of PCOS in Saudi females.
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Explore the potential molecular mechanism of polycystic ovarian syndrome by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 60:807-815. [PMID: 34507653 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders prevailing in reproductive age women, present in 3-15% population of women worldwide. Although there are many studies on PCOS, its underlying mechanism remains to be determined. The present study was to construct protein-protein interaction networks based on the potential disease-causing genes for PCOS and characterize the underlying molecular mechanisms of PCOS using the networks. PCOS-associated genes were extracted from DisGeNet and the protein-protein interaction networks (PPIN) of PCOS were constructed using the String Database. Then we utilized MCODE algorithm to analyse the hub-gene modules from the PPIN. Finally, the major biological functions and signaling pathways involved in the hub modules were explored by functional enrichment analysis. A total of 522 candidate genes associated to PCOS were extracted from DisGeNET database. The PPIN constructed using the genes we have collected above included 488 genes and 2767 interaction relationships. Moreover, seven major gene modules were obtained after analyzing the PPIN with the use of MCODE plug-in. The major modules generated were enriched in certain biological functions such as cancer and cell proliferation and apoptosis, regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, cell cycle and so on. The integrated analysis performed in the current study revealed that these hub modules and their related genes are closely associated to the pathogenesis of PCOS, which may probably provide novel insights for the treatment of PCOS and the study of its latent pathogenic mechanism. The relationship between several of the key genes including ALB, TOP2A, PTGER3, NPB and BRD2 in the modules and PCOS has not been investigated previously and it remains to be verified by further research of large sample, multi-center and multi-ethnic.
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Šimková M, Vítků J, Kolátorová L, Vrbíková J, Vosátková M, Včelák J, Dušková M. Endocrine disruptors, obesity, and cytokines - how relevant are they to PCOS? Physiol Res 2021; 69:S279-S293. [PMID: 33094626 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As environmental and genetic components contribute to the PCOS expression, we compared levels of endocrine disruptors, steroid hormones, cytokines, and metabolic parameters in twenty healthy, nine normal-weight PCOS women, and ten obese PCOS women. Steroid hormones, bisphenols (BPA, BPS, BPF, BPAF) and parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, benzyl-parabens) were measured by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Differences between the groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the individual parameters relationship. Significantly higher levels of BPA, anti-Müllerain hormone, lutropine, lutropine/folitropine ratio, testosterone, androstenedione, 7beta-OH-epiandrosterone, and cytokines (IL-6, VEGF, PDGF-bb), were found in normal-weight PCOS women compared to controls. Between normal-weight and obese PCOS women, there were no differences in hormonal, but in metabolic parameters. Obese PCOS women had significantly higher insulin resistance, fatty-liver index, triglycerides, cytokines (IL-2, IL-13, IFN-gamma). In healthy, but not in PCOS, women, there was a positive correlation of BPA with testosterone, SHBG with lutropine, and folitropine, while testosterone negatively correlated with SHBG. In obese women with PCOS, insulin resistance negatively correlated with SHBG and estradiol. No differences were observed in the paraben exposure. Levels of BPA were higher in PCOS women, indicating its role in the etiology. Obesity significantly worsens the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Šimková
- Institute of Endocrinology, Prague, Czech Republic. ,
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12
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Ghasemi M, Heidari Nia M, Hashemi M, Keikha N, Fazeli K, Taji O, Naghavi A. An association study of polymorphisms in the H19 imprinted gene in an Iranian population with the risk of polycystic ovary syndrome. Biol Reprod 2020; 103:978-985. [PMID: 32720692 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioaa131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrinopathies that causes problems in female fertility at the reproductive age. PCOS is a multifactorial disease, with genetic factors playing a crucial role in its development. H19 is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expressed from the maternal chromosome, which is correlated with PCOS. In this study, 115 women suffering from PCOS and 130 healthy women with regular menstrual cycles were recruited as case and control groups, respectively. After the extraction of genomic DNA, the restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction was employed for genotyping of rs2067051G>A and rs3741219T>C. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS package V.22 for Windows. In silico analysis was recruited to determine the effects of SNPs on the secondary structure of gene transcript as well as miRNA binding sites. The obtained data showed that the A allele of rs2067051G>A was associated with the high risk of PCOS (OR = 2.00, 95%CI = 1.38-2.91, P = 0.00). AG and AA genotypes led to a 3.64- and (about) a five-fold increase in the risk of PCOS, respectively (95%CI = 2.02-6.54, P = 0.00, and 95%CI = 1.51-16.52, P = 0.00, respectively). These variants caused a significant increase in the risk of this disorder in all genotype models except in the recessive model. However, no association was found between rs3741219T>C and the increased risk of PCOS, either in the allele or in the genotype models. According to the findings, rs2067051G>A is associated with an increased risk of PCOS in the Iranian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghasemi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pregnancy Health Research Center, Zahedan, Iran.,Moloud Infertility Center, Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Milad Heidari Nia
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Narjes Keikha
- Moloud Infertility Center, Ali-ibn-Abitaleb Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Kimia Fazeli
- School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Omid Taji
- Medical Genetic Reference Laboratory, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Anoosh Naghavi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Resistant Tuberculosis Institute, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Chehin MB, Fraietta R, Lorenzon AR, Bonetti TCS, Motta ELA. The insulin signaling pathway is dysregulated in cumulus cells from obese, infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome with an absence of clinical insulin resistance. Ther Adv Reprod Health 2020; 14:2633494120906866. [PMID: 32596667 PMCID: PMC7303777 DOI: 10.1177/2633494120906866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Methods: This is a cohort study, conducted at a university-based reproductive medicine
center and private reproductive medicine center that aimed to evaluate
granulosa cumulus cell gene expression in the insulin signaling pathway in
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) patients undergoing in vitro fertilization
(IVF) treatment and to compare the cumulus gene expression between normal
weight and obese women without clinical insulin resistance. Fifteen PCOS
patients, nine normal weight patients and six obese patients presenting
normal HOMA IR (Homeostasis Model Assessment–Insulin Resistance),
participated. Patients underwent oocyte retrieval for IVF and after the
procedure, granulosa cumulus cells were removed from the oocytes for RNA
extraction. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array analysis of
84 genes from insulin signaling pathway was conducted. The results were
expressed as fold up- or fold down-expression in obese patients compared
with normal weight patients. Any fold change ⩾3 or ⩽3 and any
p ⩽ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: There were 10 genes that were overexpressed in obese compared with normal
weight women, BCL2L1, BRAF, CBL, DOK1, FBP1, FRS2, MTOR, PCK2, RPS6KA1, and
SORBS1, that had a fold change ⩾3 and p ⩽ 0.05. Discussion: In the obese group, the overexpressed genes are mainly responsible for the
proliferation and differentiation of cumulus cells during oocyte maturation,
insulin resistance, apoptosis regulation, and glucose metabolism during
early embryogenesis, suggesting that in the follicular environment, insulin
resistance is present even in the absence of clinical signs. Conclusion: Together, our findings and the related literature suggest that those
alterations may be associated with the worse prognosis of follicular
development and oocyte maturation observed in PCOS obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio B Chehin
- Huntington Medicina Reprodutiva, Medical Coordinator Vila Mariana, Rua Sena Madureira, 100, São Paulo, SP 04021-000, Brazil
| | - Renato Fraietta
- Human Reproduction Section, Surgery Discipline, Urology Department Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiana C S Bonetti
- Gynecology Endocrinology Discipline, Gynecology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo L A Motta
- Gynecology Endocrinology Discipline, Gynecology Department, Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo (UNIFESP-EPM), São Paulo, Brazil
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Shaaban Z, Khoradmehr A, Amiri-Yekta A, Jafarzadeh Shirazi MR, Tamadon A. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes in etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 22:1378-1386. [PMID: 32133054 PMCID: PMC7043875 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2019.14029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One of the common heterogeneous reproductive disorders in women of childbearing age is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It is characterized by lack of fertility due to anovulatory cycles, hyperandrogenemia, polycystic ovaries, hyperinsulinemia, and obesity. Both reproductive anomalies and metabolic disorders are involved in PCOS pathology. Although the role of increased levels of androgens in initiation of PCOS is almost proven, mechanisms of PCOS pathophysiology are not clear. Here we discuss roles of altered metabolic conditions, obesity, and chronic inflammation in PCOS pathophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this review, we attempted to identify genes related to obesity and chronic inflammation aspects of PCOS and their physiological functions to explain the pathways that are regulated by these genes and can be a prominent function in PCOS predisposition. For this purpose, published articles and reviews dealing with genetic evaluation of PCOS in women in peer-reviewed journals in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were included in this review. RESULTS Obesity and chronic inflammation are not prominent diagnostic features of PCOS, but they play an important role in exacerbating metabolic and hyperandrogenic states. ADIPOQ, FTO TGFβ, and DENND1A as the main obesity- and chronic inflammation-related genes have roles in PCOS pathophysiology. CONCLUSION It seems that genes related to obesity pathology in genomic research association, are related to metabolic aspects and body mass index in PCOS patients. Genomes have roles in chronic inflammation, followed by obesity, in the pathogenesis of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Shaaban
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Khoradmehr
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amir Amiri-Yekta
- Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amin Tamadon
- The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Behery MA, Hasan EA, Ali EA, Eltabakh AA. Comparative study between agonist and antagonist protocols in PCOS patients undergoing ICSI: a cross-sectional study. MIDDLE EAST FERTILITY SOCIETY JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1186/s43043-019-0002-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Tiongco RE, Cabrera FJ, Clemente B, Flake CC, Salunga MA, Pineda-Cortel MR. G276T polymorphism in the ADIPOQ gene is associated with a reduced risk of polycystic ovarian syndrome: A meta-analysis of Asian population. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 58:409-416. [PMID: 31122534 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The etiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has not yet been fully explained. Several studies suggested an association between two single nucleotide polymorphisms (T45G and G276T) of the ADIPOQ gene that encodes for the hormone adiponectin and PCOS susceptibility. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship of the two further. MATERIALS AND METHODS Literature search was conducted in PubMed up to June 22, 2018, for related publications written in English. Selected data were extracted from the included studies and was subjected to analysis using Review Manager 5.3. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed and pooled from the resulting studies. Subgroup analysis by ethnicity was also performed. RESULTS Overall analysis showed that women with the G276T polymorphism have reduced susceptibility to PCOS (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.60-0.78; PA < 0.001). While no significant association was observed for the T45G polymorphism (OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.93-1.24; PA = 0.34). Subgroup analysis, on the other hand, showed significant associations among East Asians (OR: 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.82; PA < 0.001) for the G276T association. CONCLUSION Results of this meta-analysis suggests that women with the G276T polymorphism are less likely to develop PCOS. However, more studies are needed to confirm the claims of this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Enrique Tiongco
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines.
| | - Franzielle Jowe Cabrera
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines; Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Benjie Clemente
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | - Chastene Christopher Flake
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Micah Angela Salunga
- Department of Medical Technology, College of Allied Medical Professions, Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City, Philippines
| | - Maria Ruth Pineda-Cortel
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines; The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
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Papadakis G, Kandaraki EA, Tseniklidi E, Papalou O, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and NC-CAH: Distinct Characteristics and Common Findings. A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:388. [PMID: 31275245 PMCID: PMC6593353 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Twenty-one-hydroxylase-deficient non-classic adrenal hyperplasia (NC-CAH) is a very common autosomal recessive syndrome with prevalence between 1:1,000 and 1:2,000 individuals and the frequency varies according to ethnicity. On the other hand, polycystic ovary syndrome has a familial basis and it is inherited under a complex hereditary trait. This syndrome affects 6 to 10% of women in reproductive age and it is the most common endocrine disorder in young women. Our aim was to investigate, through a systematic review, the distinct characteristics and common findings of these syndromes. Methods: The search period covered January 1970 to November 2018, using the scientific databases PubMed. Inclusion criteria were adult women patients with PCOS or NC-CAH. Search terms were "polycystic ovary syndrome," "PCOS," "non-classical adrenal hyperplasia," "NC-CAH," "21-hydroxylase deficiency." From an initial 16,255 titles, the evaluations led to the final inclusion of 97 papers. Results: The clinical features of NC-CAH are hirsutism and ovulatory and menstrual dysfunction therefore; differentiation between these two syndromes is difficult based on clinical grounds only. Additionally, NC-CAH and PCOS are both associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia. Reproductive abnormalities are also common between these hyperandrogenemic disorders since in patients with NC-CAH polycystic ovarian morphology and subfertility are present as they are in women with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS, is confirmed once other disorders that mimic PCOS have been excluded e.g., conditions that are related to oligoovulation or anovulation and/or hyperandrogenism, such as hyperprolactinaemia, thyroid disorders, non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and androgen-producing neoplasms. Conclusions: The screening tool to distinguish non-classic adrenal hyperplasia from PCOS is the measurement of 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels. The basal levels of 17-hydroxyprogesterone may overlap, but ACTH stimulation testing can distinguish the two entities. In this review these two common endocrine disorders are discussed in an effort to unveil their commonalities and to illuminate their shadowed distinctive characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eleni A. Kandaraki
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ermioni Tseniklidi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Olga Papalou
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
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Liao D, Yu H, Han L, Zhong C, Ran X, Wang D, Mo L. Association of PON1 gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovarian syndrome risk: a meta-analysis of case-control studies. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:1289-1300. [PMID: 29546656 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-018-0866-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evidences showed that paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene polymorphism has an impact on women's susceptibility to polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by influencing the expression and activity of PON1. However, the effects of three PON1 polymorphisms (- 108 C>T, L55M and Q192R) on the incidence of PCOS have generated inconsistent results. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the association between PON1 polymorphisms and PCOS risk. METHODS All eligible trials were identified via systematic searches of multiple literature databases. Outcome data were synthesized by using crude odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Heterogeneity was assessed with the I2 test. Publication bias and subgroup analyses were also performed. RESULTS A total of 2449 cases and 1977 controls from nine studies were selected for analysis. The pooled results showed a significant association between PCOS risk and PON1 - 108 C/T polymorphism in the following genetic models [allelic, 0.72 (0.56-0.92); homozygote, 0.51 (0.32-0.82); heterozygote, 0.44 (0.25-0.78); and dominant 0.47 (0.29-0.77)]. For the PON1 192 Q/R polymorphism, a significant relationship was found in the allelic model [0.62 (0.41-0.93)] and recessive model [0.61 (0.37-0.98)]. PCOS risk was also linked to PON1 L55M polymorphism in the heterozygote model [0.62 (0.39-0.98)] and dominant model [0.63 (0.41-0.96)]. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that PON1 - 108 C/T polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of PCOS under the allelic, homozygote, heterozygote, and dominant models. Additionally, PON1 192 Q/R and L55M polymorphisms were significantly related only in the allelic and recessive model, and in the heterozygote and dominant model, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China
| | - H Yu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - L Han
- Department of Gynaecology, Dongguan Changan Hospital, Dongguan, 523560, Guangdong, China
| | - C Zhong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China
| | - X Ran
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China
| | - D Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China
| | - L Mo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Dongguan Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Dongguan Shilong People's Hospital of Southern Medical University, No. 1, Huangzhou Xianglong Road of Shilong Town, Dongguan, 523326, Guangdong, China.
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Huang X, Pan J, Wu B, Teng X. Construction and analysis of a lncRNA (PWRN2)-mediated ceRNA network reveal its potential roles in oocyte nuclear maturation of patients with PCOS. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:73. [PMID: 30075721 PMCID: PMC6091030 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine and metabolic disorder in women. An lncRNA, namely, Prader-Willi region nonprotein coding RNA 2 (PWRN2), was up-regulated in the cumulus cells of patients with PCOS. However, the molecular mechanism of PWRN2 in PCOS remains largely unknown. METHODS In this study, the expression levels of PWRN2 were tested in cumulus cells through qRT-PCR analysis to confirm its potential roles in oocyte nuclear maturation of PCOS. A PWRN2-mediated ceRNA network was constructed based on three microarray datasets to investigate the molecular mechanism of PWRN2 in oocyte development of patients with PCOS. The direct interactions of the candidate genes of the ceRNA network were also demonstrated by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS PWRN2 was found to be associated with oocyte nuclear maturation in patients with PCOS in contrast to that in normal patients. Based on the microarray data, 176 lncRNAs (118 up-regulated and 58 down-regulated) and 131 mRNAs (84 up-regulated and 47 down-regulated) were identified to be regulated by PWRN2. A PWRN2-miR-92b-3p-TMEM120B ceRNA network was constructed based on results of analysis of the combined three microarray datasets (lncRNA+mRNA microarray in KGN/shPWRN2 in this study, miRNAs microarray and lncRNA+mRNA microarray in PCOS cumulus cells reported in previous studies). The coexpression characteristics of the genes (PWRN2, miR-92b-3p and TMEM120B) were detected in the cumulus cells of cumulus-oocyte complexes at different nuclear maturity stages in PCOS. These results are in accordance with the ceRNA hypothesis. Moreover, luciferase activity assay revealed that miR-92b-3p directly binds to PWRN2 and targets TMEM120B. CONCLUSIONS PWNR2 plays important roles in oocyte nuclear maturation in PCOS by functioning as a ceRNA to reduce the availability of miR-92b-3p for TMEM120B target binding during oocyte maturation in PCOS. Our findings would provide new information and clarify abnormal oocyte development in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- 0000000123704535grid.24516.34Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699 Gaoke Road West, Shanghai, 200001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaping Pan
- 0000000123704535grid.24516.34Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699 Gaoke Road West, Shanghai, 200001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bi Wu
- 0000000123704535grid.24516.34Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699 Gaoke Road West, Shanghai, 200001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoming Teng
- 0000000123704535grid.24516.34Department of Assisted Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 2699 Gaoke Road West, Shanghai, 200001 People’s Republic of China
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Han Q, Zhang W, Meng J, Ma L, Li A. LncRNA-LET inhibits cell viability, migration and EMT while induces apoptosis by up-regulation of TIMP2 in human granulosa-like tumor cell line KGN. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:250-256. [PMID: 29432996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, and polycystic ovaries. Several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are aberrantly expressed in PCOS patients; however, little is known about the effects of the lncRNA-low expression in tumor (lncRNA-LET) on PCOS. We aimed to explore the effects of lncRNA-LET on human granulosa-like tumor cell line, KGN. METHODS Expression of lncRNA-LET in normal IOSE80 cells and granulosa cells was determined by qRT-PCR. KGN cell viability, apoptosis and migration were measured by trypan blue exclusion method, flow cytometry assay and wound healing assay, respectively. TGF-β1 was used to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. LncRNA-LET expression and mRNA expressions of TIMP2 and EMT-related proteins were measured by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to measure the protein expression of apoptosis-related proteins, EMT-related proteins, TIMP2, and the proteins in the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch signaling pathways. RESULTS lncRNA-LET was down-regulated in KGN cells, and its overexpression inhibited cell viability and migration, and promoted apoptosis in KGN cells. Overexpression of lncRNA-LET increased the expression of E-cadherin and decreased the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin in KGN cells. These effects of lncRNA-LET on KGN cells were reversed by TIMP2 suppression. Overexpression of TIMP2 inhibited cell viability, migration and EMT process, and increased apoptosis by activating the Wnt/β-catenin and Notch pathways. CONCLUSION Overexpression of lncRNA-LET inhibits cell viability, migration and EMT process, and increases apoptosis in KGN cells by up-regulating the expression of TIMP2 and activating the Wnt/β-catenin and notch signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Han
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Wenke Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jinlai Meng
- Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan 250021, China
| | - Li Ma
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Aihua Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng 252000, China
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Jiang SW, Xu S, Chen H, Liu X, Tang Z, Cui Y, Liu J. Pathologic significance of SET/I2PP2A-mediated PP2A and non-PP2A pathways in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clin Chim Acta 2017; 464:155-159. [PMID: 27836688 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
SET (SE translocation, SET), a constitutive inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), is a multifunctional oncoprotein involved in DNA replication, histone modification, nucleosome assembly, gene transcription and cell proliferation. It is widely expressed in human tissues including the gonadal system and brain. Intensive studies have shown that overexpressed SET plays an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and may also contribute to the malignant transformation of breast and ovarian cancers. Recent studies indicated that through interaction with PP2A, SET may upregulate androgen biosynthesis and contribute to hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. This review article summarizes data concerning the SET expression in ovaries from PCOS and normal women, and analyzes the role/regulatory mechanism of SET for androgen biosynthesis in PCOS, as well as the significance of this action in the development of PCOS. The potential value of SET-triggered pathway as a therapeutic target and the application of anti-SET reagents for treating hyperandrogenism in PCOS patients are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wen Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China; Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA.
| | - Siliang Xu
- Department of Biomedical Science, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA; The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Haibin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- The Third People's Hospital of Qingdao, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qingdao, Shandong 266041, China; Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Zuoqing Tang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yugui Cui
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, China.
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrinopathy affecting a remarkable proportion of premenopausal women. Different studies have shown that stress is widely encountered in women with PCOS. Areas covered: As PCOS is a multifaceted disorder, 'stress' incorporates different translations. We performed a literature review, focusing on the most recent data, regarding the multipotent role of stress in the syndrome. Expert commentary: Stress is believed to be an important component of PCOS. It encompasses different definitions that are all equivalent, like metabolic, inflammatory, oxidative and emotional stress. However, the type of stress that distinguishes PCOS is metabolic stress. It becomes evident early in life and constitutes the pathophysiological heart of the syndrome. Metabolic stress along with the other types of stress are the progenitors of severe long-term health implications, which exacerbate further the reproductive, metabolic and psychological derangements of the syndrome, leading to an endless cycle of chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Papalou
- a Department of Internal Medicine , 'Elpis' Hospital , Athens , Greece
| | - Evanthia Diamanti-Kandarakis
- b Internal Medicine & Endocrinology, Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism , Euroclinic , Athens , Greece
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Evidence-Based Management of Infertility in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2016; 45:111-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Chan Y, Jiang H, Yang X, Li D, Ma L, Luo Y, Tang W. Polymorphism of MDM2 promoter 309 (rs 2279744) and the risk of PCOS. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:136-8. [PMID: 26440054 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1092515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed at evaluating possible association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). One hundred and twenty-five women with PCOS and two hundred and fifty women without PCOS were collected from the department of reproductive medicine of college hospital in this case-control study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants and DNA was extracted, MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) was determined from the 125 cases and 250 controls. Women were grouped into PCOS (n = 125) group and control group (n = 250). Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to evaluate the association between MDM2 SNP309 polymorphism (rs 2279744) and PCOS. The distribution of T allele was significant higher in PCOS cases than controls. MDM2 SNP 309 T allele is associated with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chan
- a Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Faculty of Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China , and
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Hongguo Jiang
- a Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Faculty of Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China , and
| | - Xiaoling Yang
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Dongya Li
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Lan Ma
- b Department of Reproductive Medicine , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Ying Luo
- a Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Faculty of Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China , and
| | - Wenru Tang
- a Lab of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Faculty of Medicine , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan , China , and
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Huang X, Hao C, Bao H, Wang M, Dai H. Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNAs in cumulus cells isolated from PCOS patients. J Assist Reprod Genet 2015; 33:111-21. [PMID: 26650608 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-015-0630-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) profiles in cumulus cells isolated from polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients by employing a microarray and in-depth bioinformatics analysis. This information will help us understand the occurrence and development of PCOS. METHODS In this study, we used a microarray to describe lncRNA profiles in cumulus cells isolated from ten patients (five PCOS and five normal women). Several differentially expressed lncRNAs were chosen to validate the microarray results by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Then, the differentially expressed lncRNAs were classified into three subgroups (HOX loci lncRNA, enhancer-like lncRNA, and lincRNA) to deduce their potential features. Furthermore, a lncRNA/mRNA co-expression network was constructed by using the Cytoscape software (V2.8.3, http://www.cytoscape.org/ ). RESULTS We observed that 623 lncRNAs and 260 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were significantly up- or down-regulated (≥2-fold change), and these differences could be used to discriminate cumulus cells of PCOS from those of normal patients. Five differentially expressed lncRNAs (XLOC_011402, ENST00000454271, ENST00000433673, ENST00000450294, and ENST00000432431) were selected to validate the microarray results using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The qRT-PCR results were consistent with the microarray data. Further analysis indicated that many differentially expressed lncRNAs were transcribed from chromosome 2 and may act as enhancers to regulate their neighboring protein-coding genes. Forty-three lncRNAs and 29 mRNAs were used to construct the coding-non-coding gene co-expression network. Most pairs positively correlated, and one mRNA correlated with one or more lncRNAs. CONCLUSIONS Our study is the first to determine genome-wide lncRNA expression patterns in cumulus cells isolated from PCOS patients by microarray. The results show that clusters of lncRNAs were aberrantly expressed in cumulus cells of PCOS patients compared with those of normal women, which revealed that lncRNAs differentially expressed in PCOS and normal women may contribute to the occurrence of PCOS and affect oocyte development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Huang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, 20 Yuhuangding Road East, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cuifang Hao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, 20 Yuhuangding Road East, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongchu Bao
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, 20 Yuhuangding Road East, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meimei Wang
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, 20 Yuhuangding Road East, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Huangguan Dai
- Reproductive Medicine Centre, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Medical University, Yuhuangding Hospital of Yantai, 20 Yuhuangding Road East, Yantai, Shandong, 264000, People's Republic of China.
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Palioura E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2015; 16:365-71. [PMID: 26825073 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-016-9326-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of unclear etiopathogenesis that is likely to involve genetic and environmental components synergistically contributing to its phenotypic expression. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and in particular Bisphenol A (BPA) represent a group of widespread pollutants intensively investigated as possible environmental contributors to PCOS pathogenesis. Substantial evidence from in vitro and animal studies incriminates endocrine disruptors in the induction of reproductive and metabolic aberrations resembling PCOS characteristics. In humans, elevated BPA concentrations are observed in adolescents and adult PCOS women compared to reproductively healthy ones and are positively correlated with hyperandrogenemia, implying a potential role of the chemical in PCOS pathophysiology, although a causal interference cannot yet be established. It is plausible that developmental exposure to specific EDCs could permanently alter neuroendocrine, reproductive and metabolic regulation favoring PCOS development in genetically predisposed individuals or it could accelerate and/or exacerbate the natural course of the syndrome throughout life cycle exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Palioura
- Department of Endocrinology and Center of Excellence in Diabetes, Euroclinic Athens, Athens, Greece
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27
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Lan CW, Chen MJ, Tai KY, Yu DC, Yang YC, Jan PS, Yang YS, Chen HF, Ho HN. Functional microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes in granulosa cells from women with polycystic ovary syndrome related to MAPK/ERK signaling. Sci Rep 2015; 5:14994. [PMID: 26459919 PMCID: PMC4602237 DOI: 10.1038/srep14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. Although its aetiology and pathogenesis remain unclear, recent studies suggest that the dysfunction of granulosa cells may partly be responsible. This study aimed to use cDNA microarray technology to compare granulosa cell gene expression profiles in women with and without PCOS to identify genes that may be aetiologically implicated in the pathogenesis of PCOS. The study cohort included 12 women undergoing in vitro fertilization, six with PCOS and six without PCOS. Differential gene expression profiles were classified by post-analyses of microarray data, followed by western blot analyses to confirm the microarray data of selected genes. In total, 243 genes were differentially expressed (125 upregulated and 118 downregulated) between the PCOS and non-PCOS granulosa cells. These genes are involved in reproductive system development, amino acid metabolism and cellular development and proliferation. Comparative analysis revealed genes involved in the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) signaling pathways. Western blot analyses confirmed that mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 4 and phospho-ERK1/2 were decreased in PCOS granulosa cells. This study identified candidate genes involved in MAPK/ERK signaling pathways that may influence the function of granulosa cells in PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Wei Lan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Jou Chen
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yu Tai
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Danny Cw Yu
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Yang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pey-Shynan Jan
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Yang
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan university Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Nerng Ho
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine and the Hospital, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan university Taipei, Taiwan
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Paracrine Regulation of Steroidogenesis in Theca Cells by Granulosa Cells Derived from Mouse Preantral Follicles. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:925691. [PMID: 26357661 PMCID: PMC4556819 DOI: 10.1155/2015/925691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Revised: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Interaction partners of follicular cells play a significant role in steroidogenesis, follicular formation, and development. Androgen secreted by theca cells (TCs) can initiate follicle development and ovulation and provide precursor materials for estrogen synthesis. Therefore, studies on ovarian microenvironment will not only lead to better understanding of the steroidogenesis but also have clinical significance for ovarian endocrine abnormalities such as hyperandrogenism in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study applied the Transwell coculture model to investigate if the interaction between granulosa and theca cells may affect androgen production in theca cells. Concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione in the spent medium were measured by radioimmunoassay and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. The results show that the coculture with granulosa cells (GCs) increases steroidogenesis in TCs. In addition, testosterone and androstenedione productions in response to LH stimulation were also increased in the coculture model. Significantly increased mRNA expressions of steroidogenic enzymes (Star, Cyp11a1, Cyp17a1, and Hsd3b2) were observed in the cocultured TCs. Thus, GCs were capable of promoting steroidogenesis and LH responsiveness in TCs. This study provided a basis for further exploration of ovarian endocrine mechanism and pathologies.
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Yu YY, Sun CX, Liu YK, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang W. Genome-wide screen of ovary-specific DNA methylation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:145-53.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in women of reproductive age affecting various functions including reproduction and metabolism. This syndrome is associated with increased prevalence of subclinical cardiovascular disease as well as endometrial and ovarian cancer. This syndrome is highly heterogeneous and it is not yet clear which factors are responsible for the development of a particular phenotype. Current research has shown that the interaction of susceptible and protective genomic variants under the influence of environmental factors can modify the clinical presentation via epigenetic modifications. MicroRNA (miRNA) are regulators of gene expression. Altered miRNA expression has been associated with various diseases such as diabetes, insulin resistance, inflammation, and cancer. Several miRNA have been identified in PCOS. This review examines the role of epigenetics and miRNA in the pathophysiology of this complex disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana R Ilie
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen E Georgescu
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Iuliu-Hatieganu", Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Dadachanji R, Shaikh N, Khavale S, Patil A, Shah N, Mukherjee S. PON1 polymorphisms are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility, related traits, and PON1 activity in Indian women with the syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015; 104:207-16. [PMID: 25956367 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) polymorphisms (L55M and Q192R) with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) susceptibility and its related traits in Indian women. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING Academic research institute, infertility, and endocrinology clinics. PATIENT(S) Controls (n = 326), women with PCOS (n = 482). INTERVENTION(S) None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Genotypic and allelic frequency distribution, genotype-phenotype association, different PON1 activities (lactonase, arylesterase, and paraoxonase). RESULT(S) The genotypic and allelic frequency distributions of the L55M polymorphism were significantly different between lean controls and lean women with PCOS, and this polymorphism reduced the risk of PCOS development in lean but not in obese Indian women. Furthermore, this polymorphism was significantly associated with decreased 2-hour glucose, apolipoprotein B, free and bioavailable T, and free androgen index concurrent with increased sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and FSH levels only in lean women with PCOS. However, Q192R polymorphism showed comparable genotypic frequency distribution between controls and women with PCOS. PON1 lactonase and arylesterase activities were significantly decreased in women with PCOS compared with controls. PON1 polymorphisms were shown to influence its activities. CONCLUSION(S) Our study showed that L55M, but not Q192R, polymorphism is significantly associated with reduced PCOS susceptibility only in lean women and also impacts glucose metabolism, lipid parameters, and hyperandrogenemia in them. Our study therefore suggests the possibility of differential genetic pathophysiology of PCOS between lean and obese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan Dadachanji
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nuzhat Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Sushma Khavale
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Anushree Patil
- Department of Clinical Research, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GS Medical College, Mumbai, India
| | - Srabani Mukherjee
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health (ICMR), Mumbai, India.
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Yang J, Zhong T, Xiao G, Chen Y, Liu J, Xia C, Du H, Kang X, Lin Y, Guan R, Yan P, Xiao J. Polymorphisms and haplotypes of the TGF-β1 gene are associated with risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2015; 186:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Ju R, Wu W, Fei J, Qin Y, Tang Q, Wu D, Xia Y, Wu J, Wang X. Association analysis between the polymorphisms of HSD17B5 and HSD17B6 and risk of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese population. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:227-33. [PMID: 25422294 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether single nucleotide polymorphisms of HSD17B5 (AKR1C3) (rs1937845 and rs12529) and HSD17B6 (rs898611) are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in a Chinese population. DESIGN A case-control study was conducted to investigate the relation between HSD17B5 and HSD17B6 polymorphisms and PCOS. METHODS In this study, 335 patients with PCOS and 354 controls were recruited. The genotypes of HSD17B5 (rs1937845 and rs12529) and HSD17B6 (rs898611) were detected by the TaqMan method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We found that the genotypic frequencies of the rs1937845 polymorphism were different in subjects with PCOS compared with control, with the CT genotype being more commonly found in patients with PCOS than in controls (P=0.005). We observed a significantly 1.74-fold higher risk of CT genotype in the polymorphism rs1937845 in women with PCOS vs the control group (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.74; 95% CI=1.19-2.54; P=0.005). A similar, significant 1.47-fold higher risk (adjusted OR, 1.47; 95% CI=1.07-2.03; P=0.018) was demonstrated for T allele of polymorphism rs1937845 associated with PCOS. In patients with PCOS, the rs12529 (G>C) and rs1937845 (C>T) polymorphisms were strongly associated with the high level of testosterone. The TT carriers of polymorphism rs1937845 had a significantly increased homeostatic model assessment-B% (HOMA-B%) (P=0.045) and that might be associated with the high risk of insulin resistance. However, no significant difference was found in genotype or allele distributions of the polymorphisms rs12529 of HSD17B5 and rs898611 of HSD17B6 between patients with PCOS and controls. Additionally, the two polymorphisms of HSD17B5 are associated with hyperandrogenemia in patients with PCOS. In conclusion, our findings showed a significant statistical association between HSD17B5 rs1937845 and PCOS risk in Chinese women. The CT genotype and T allele frequency are influenced significantly to a higher extent in patients with PCOS than controls. Further studies are needed to confirm the results and find out the exact molecular mechanism of the polymorphism on the risk of hyperandrogenemia and PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ju
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Med
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Med
| | - Juan Fei
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yufeng Qin
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qiuqin Tang
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Yankai Xia
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Xinru Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China Department of Gynaecology and ObstetricsNanjing Jiangning Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211100, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineSchool of Public Health, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211166, ChinaKey Laboratory of Modern ToxicologyNanjing Medical University, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 211166, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineWuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214002, ChinaJiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and PreventionNanjing 210009, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineNanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210004, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Reproductive MedicineDepartment of Gynaecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Rutkowska A, Rachoń D. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its potential role in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Gynecol Endocrinol 2014; 30:260-5. [PMID: 24397396 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2013.871517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common and the most heterogeneous endocrine disorder in premenopausal women. Apart from signs of hyperandrogenism such as acne, hirsutism and hair loss, women with PCOS usually present with menstrual irregularities and fertility problems.Additionally, they are often characterized by impaired glucose tolerance, which usually leads to the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review article describes current and novel approach to the pathomechanisms of PCOS and the potential role of an endocrine disrupting chemical ("endocrine disruptor" - ED) - bisphenol A (BPA), which is commonly used as a plasticizer and due to its molecular structure can interact with estrogen receptors (ERs). Recent observations point to the higher levels of BPA in biological fluids of women with PCOS and its role in the pathogenesis of hyperandrogenism and hyperinsulinemia. It seems that mother's exposure to BPA during pregnancy may also lead to the development of PCOS in the female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Rutkowska
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk , Gdynia , Poland
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Wang F, Liu WW, Chen XM, Kong HJ, Li J, Sun YP. Differential genes in adipocytes induced from polycystic and non-polycystic ovary syndrome-derived human embryonic stem cells. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2014; 60:136-42. [PMID: 24517280 DOI: 10.3109/19396368.2014.889774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We explored the molecular mechanisms of obesity and insulin resistance in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) using a human embryonic stem cell model (hESCs). Three PCOS-derived and one non-PCOS-derived hESC lines were induced into adipocytes, and then total RNA was extracted. The differentially expressed PCOS-derived and non-PCOS-derived adipocytes genes were identified using the Boao Biological human V 2.0 whole genome oligonucleotide microarray. Signals of interest were then validated by real-time PCR. A total of 153 differential genes were expressed of which 91 genes were up-regulated and 62 down-regulated. Nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 (NR0B2) was an up-regulated gene, and the GeneChip CapitalBio® Molecule Annotation System V4.0 indicated that it was associated with obesity and diabetes (Ratio ≥ 2.0X). Multiple genes are involved in PCOS. Nuclear receptor subfamily 0, group B, member 2 may play a role in obesity and insulin resistance in patients with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Reproductive Medical Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , China
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Schweighofer N, Lerchbaum E, Trummer O, Schwetz V, Pieber T, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Metformin resistance alleles in polycystic ovary syndrome: pattern and association with glucose metabolism. Pharmacogenomics 2014; 15:305-17. [DOI: 10.2217/pgs.13.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-sensitizer treatment with metformin is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OCT alleles were investigated in PCOS patients to identify genetic ‘bad responders’ and ‘nonresponders’ to metformin including their possible effects on glucose metabolism without treatment. We genotyped eight SNPs in OCT1, OCT2 and ATM genes in 676 women with PCOS and 90 control women, we also measured oral glucose tolerance tests prior to treatment. Nonfunctional alleles were present in 29.8% and low-functional alleles in 57.9% of our PCOS cohort. OCT variants were significantly associated with elevated baseline and glucose-induced C-peptide levels in PCOS. Metformin bad responders or nonresponders based on OCT genotypes might be relevant in clinical practice – their modulation of metformin pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and metformin-independent glucose effects remain to be elucidated. Original submitted 7 June 2013; Revision submitted 28 October 2013
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Schweighofer
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Lerchbaum
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Olivia Trummer
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Schwetz
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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Li Q, Du J, Feng R, Xu Y, Wang H, Sang Q, Xing Q, Zhao X, Jin L, He L, Wang L. A possible new mechanism in the pathophysiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the discovery that leukocyte telomere length is strongly associated with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 99:E234-40. [PMID: 24302747 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Telomeres are specialized chromatin structures located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, and telomere length plays a clear role in various diseases. However, it is not known whether telomere length is related to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that leukocyte telomere length (LTL) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of PCOS. DESIGN We used an established and validated quantitative PCR technique to measure the mean LTL in a large sample of PCOS patients and controls. We used logistic regression and multiple linear regression to analyze the association of PCOS and several related clinical parameters with the age-adjusted ratio of the telomere repeat length to the copy number of a single-copy gene (T/S). RESULTS Individuals with PCOS (n = 698) exhibited significantly shorter LTLs than the controls (n = 611) after adjusting for age (0.764 ± 0.016 vs 0.876 ± 0.023; P = .001; odds ratio = 1.403; 95% confidence interval, 1.150-1.712). The mean telomere length in the leukocytes of PCOS patients was comparable to that of control individuals who were on average 6.16 years older. Individuals having shorter telomere lengths (middle and lowest tertile) had significantly higher disease risk than those having the longest telomere length (highest tertile) (odds ratio = 1.614; 95% confidence interval, 1.262-2.066; P = .0001) after adjusting for age. In addition, a significant correlation between the LTL and the level of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was observed in controls (r = -0.185; P = .01). CONCLUSION We provide the first report that LTL is strongly associated with PCOS. This study suggests a new role for LTL in the pathophysiology of PCOS and might have important implications for our understanding of the etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and MOE Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology (Q.L., R.F., Y.X., H.W., Q.S., L.J., L.W.), School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Institutes of Biomedical Sciences (Q.L., R.F., Y.X., H.W., Q.S., Q.X., X.Z., L.H., L.W.), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China; Bio-X Center (L.H.), Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China; and NPFPC Laboratory of Contraception and Devices, Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research (J.D.), Shanghai 200032, China
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Liu Y, Sun MG, Jiang R, Ding R, Che Z, Chen YY, Yao CJ, Zhu XX, Cao JY. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome risk: a meta analysis. J Assist Reprod Genet 2014; 31:363-70. [PMID: 24435452 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0171-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Several studies have reported that excessive amounts of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) might increase the incidence of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS), but so far the published results were inconsistent. The aim of this study was to further investigate the association between PAI-1 gene polymorphism and the susceptibility to PCOS by performing a meta-analysis. METHODS A comprehensive literature search for relevant studies was conducted on google scholar, PubMed, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). This meta-analysis was performed using the STATA 11.0 software and the pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. RESULTS Ten case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis with a total of 2,079 cases and 1,556 controls. The results showed that PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism may increase the risk of PCOS, especially among Asian populations. However, there was no statistically significant association between the polymorphism and PCOS risk in Caucasians. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggests that PAI-1 -675 4G/5G polymorphism may contribute to increasing susceptibility to PCOS in Asians. Detection of the PAI-1 gene polymorphism might be a promising biomarker for the susceptibility of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, China
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Endocrine disruptors and polycystic ovary syndrome: a focus on Bisphenol A and its potential pathophysiological aspects. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2014; 17:137-44. [DOI: 10.1515/hmbci-2014-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder of unknown etiology that may arise from a combination of a number of underlying genetic interactions and predispositions with environmental factors. Endocrine disruptors and, in particular, Bisphenol A may represent one of the many underlying causes of the syndrome as they are experimentally linked to metabolic and reproductive derangements resembling PCOS-related disorders. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals may act as an environmental modifier to worsen symptoms of PCOS in affected females or to contribute to the final phenotype of the syndrome in genetically predisposed individuals.
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Baldani DP, Skrgatic L, Cerne JZ, Ferk P, Simunic V, Gersak K. Association of PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with insulin sensitivity and body mass index in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Biomed Rep 2013; 2:199-206. [PMID: 24649096 DOI: 10.3892/br.2013.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is one of the key factors in the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) plays a role in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. The aim of the present study was to establish a possible association of the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism with PCOS and its effect on family and personal history, as well as on the metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS patients. A total of 151 PCOS patients and 179 healthy women of reproductive age were enrolled. History, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio and the presence of phenotypic hyperandrogenism were recorded. Hormonal, metabolic and biochemical profiles were assessed. A molecular analysis for the genetic polymorphism was performed. One third (29.8%) of the PCOS patients were found to be carriers of at least one variant of the Ala allele (X/Ala), while 70.2% carried two wild-type Pro alleles (Pro/Pro), with an equal distribution observed in the control group. The PCOS patients carrying the X/Ala alleles exhibited lower serum fasting insulin levels, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and BMI compared to Pro/Pro carriers. This finding was significant only in the lean PCOS group. The polymorphic genotype exerted no effect on history, hormonal and clinical hyperandrogenism, lipid status or C-reactive protein, leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin serum levels in women with PCOS. In conclusion, although the PPARG Pro12Ala polymorphism is not a major determinant of PCOS in the Croatian population, it may exert a positive effect on insulin sensitivity and BMI. As these associations were recorded exclusively in the lean group of patients with PCOS, this polymorphism potentially contributes to a protective role against hyperinsulinemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinka Pavicic Baldani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lana Skrgatic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jasmina Z Cerne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polonca Ferk
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Velimir Simunic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Human Reproduction, University of Zagreb Medical School, University of Zagreb Medical Centre, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ksenija Gersak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Ljubljana Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex and enigmatic syndrome of unknown origin and etiology enclosing a broad spectrum of phenotypic manifestations. PCOS pathophysiology combines reproductive and metabolic abnormalities into a heterogeneous disorder that has pervasive and devastating health consequences. Inquiring the generative roots of the syndrome, it has become increasingly apparent the role of the environment as a determinant factor. Experimental exposure to industrial endocrine disruptors has been related with the impairment of normal reproductive function and metabolic regulation possibly favoring the development of or aggravating PCOS-resembling clinical disorders. Industrial chemicals may reflect the contributing role of an unfavorable environment to unveil PCOS characteristics in genetically predisposed individuals or further deteriorate the hormonal and fertility imbalances of PCOS-affected females.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Palioura
- Endocrine Unit, Third Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School University of Athens, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Georgopoulos NA, Karagiannidou E, Koika V, Roupas ND, Armeni A, Marioli D, Papadakis E, Welt CK, Panidis D. Increased frequency of the anti-mullerian-inhibiting hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) 482 A>G polymorphism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: relationship to luteinizing hormone levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1866-70. [PMID: 23969185 PMCID: PMC5399526 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common and complex disease without a clear pattern of inheritance. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has an inhibitory effect on FSH-stimulated follicle growth. Serum AMH levels are higher in women with PCOS than in normo-ovulatory women. The elevated AMH levels may reflect abnormalities in AMH signaling. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of the anti-Müllerian hormone receptor 2 (AMHR2) -482 A>G polymorphism (rs2002555) with the pathophysiology of PCOS. DESIGN AMHR2 -482 A>G polymorphism genotyping were performed in a large cohort of women with PCOS and in a healthy control group. SETTING/SUBJECTS A total of 858 Caucasian Greek women with PCOS and 309 healthy control women were studied. INTERVENTIONS Genotyping and hormonal measurements were preformed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Hormone levels in women with PCOS were analyzed. RESULTS The AMHR2 polymorphism was more common in women with PCOS than in control women (P = .026). Homozygous AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphisms (GG) were associated with decreased levels of LH (P = .003) and lower LH to FSH ratios (P = .01) in women with PCOS, as well as with lower prolactin levels (P = .004). No other associations related to AMHR2 -482 A>G polymorphisms were observed in women with PCOS or control women. CONCLUSION In this study, the role of the AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of PCOS was suggested by the association of the variant with PCOS risk. Thus, further research is needed to elucidate a possible association of the AMHR2 -482 A>G gene polymorphism with AMH signaling and impaired ovarian function and its clinical significance in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neoklis A Georgopoulos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, University of Patras Medical School, University Hospital, 26500 Patras, Greece.
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Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder of reproductive-age women. The diagnosis of PCOS is mainly based on the following three components: (1) hyperandrogenism, (2) oligo-amenorrhea, and (3) the observation of polycystic ovaries on a sonogram. The comorbidities may include insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. Importantly, the diagnostic criteria and complications related to PCOS are age-dependent. Androgen production in women may decrease because of ovarian aging or decreased production by the adrenal glands over time. The prevalence of hirsutism and acne decreases with age. Ovarian volume and follicle number also decrease with age, with the age-related decrease in follicle number seemingly greater than that of ovarian volume. Aging may also be associated with increased risk of insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances. Therefore, these age-related changes may affect the observed incidence and complications of PCOS. In adolescent patients, the criteria described above pose particular diagnostic problems because the characteristics of normal puberty often overlap with the signs and symptoms of PCOS. Hyperandrogenism and chronic anovulation are the primary disturbances in younger women with PCOS; whereas, obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic disturbances are predominant in older women with PCOS. The deterioration of insulin resistance during the reproductive life of women with PCOS appears to be mainly attributable to the increase in obesity. Therefore, if body weight could be controlled properly, younger hyperandrogenic PCOS women might reduce their risk of insulin resistance and metabolic disturbances later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-I Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, No.111, Sec. 3, Xinglong Road, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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Zhang T, Liang W, Fang M, Yu J, Ni Y, Li Z. Association of the CAG repeat polymorphisms in androgen receptor gene with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Gene 2013; 524:161-7. [PMID: 23628801 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported the associations of polymorphic CAG repeats in androgen receptor (AR) gene with PCOS risk, but with inconsistent results. So, the aim of present meta-analysis was to clarify such inconsistence, so as to provide more conclusive results. METHODS PubMed was searched for the eligible reports published until February 2012 without language limitation. The studies reporting the relationship between CAG repeat length and PCOS were selected for the meta-analysis according to the inclusion criteria. Two reviewers independently extracted the data and evaluated the study quality. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS As for the relationship between CAG repeat length and PCOS risk, the pooled results showed that the biallelic mean was not significantly different between PCOS and controls (SMD -0.03, 95% CI -0.16-0.10, P=0.603), and that the ORs of PCOS were not demonstrated for the individuals with the biallelic mean less than median (OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.68-1.35, P=0.794), with the short CAG allele (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.80-1.10, P=0.424), or with the X-weighted biallelic mean (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.46-1.41, P=0.447). Further, as for the relationship between CAG repeat length and T levels in PCOS patients, the biallelic mean was not significantly different between PCOS patients with high T and those with low T (SMD 0.79, 95% CI -0.12-1.70, P=0.088), while the summary correlation r indicated that the CAG biallelic mean appeared to be positively associated with T levels in PCOS (r 0.20, 95% CI 0.11-0.30, p=0.000). CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis demonstrates no evident association between the CAG length variations in AR gene and PCOS risk, while the CAG length appears to be positively associated with T levels in PCOS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Shaoxing Women and Children's Hospital, Shaoxing 312000, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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Gao LL, Liu XQ, Xu BQ, Jiang SW, Cui YG, Liu JY. SET/PP2A system regulates androgen production in ovarian follicles in vitro. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2013; 374:108-16. [PMID: 23628604 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SET has multiple cell functions including nucleosome assembly, histone binding, transcription control, and cell apoptosis. In ovaries SET is predominantly expressed in theca cells and oocytes. In our study, SET overexpression in theca cells stimulated testosterone production whereas SET knockdown decreased testosterone production. Moreover, SET negatively regulated PP2A activity. Treatment with PP2A inhibitor okadaic acid (OA) led to increased testosterone synthesis, while treatment with PP2A activators resulted in the decreased testosterone synthesis. Furthermore, PP2A knockdown confirmed the key role of PP2A in the testosterone synthesis, and OA was able to block the AdH1-SiRNA/SET-mediated inhibition of testosterone production. The central role of PP2A in SET-mediated regulation of testosterone production was confirmed by the finding that SET promoted the lyase activity of P450c17 and that PP2A inhibited its lyase activity. Taken together, these results reveal a specific, SET-initiated, PP2A-mediated, pathway that leads to the increased lyase activity of P450c17 and testosterone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Gao
- The State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Clinical Center of Reproductive Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
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Tee MK, Miller WL. Phosphorylation of human cytochrome P450c17 by p38α selectively increases 17,20 lyase activity and androgen biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:23903-13. [PMID: 23836902 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.460048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450c17, a steroidogenic enzyme encoded by the CYP17A1 gene, catalyzes the steroid 17α-hydroxylation needed for glucocorticoid synthesis, which may or may not be followed by 17,20 lyase activity needed for sex steroid synthesis. Whether or not P450c17 catalyzes 17,20 lyase activity is determined by three post-translational mechanisms influencing availability of reducing equivalents donated by P450 oxidoreductase (POR). These are increased amounts of POR, the allosteric action of cytochrome b5 to promote POR-P450c17 interaction, and Ser/Thr phosphorylation of P450c17, which also appears to promote POR-P450c17 interaction. The kinase(s) that phosphorylates P450c17 is unknown. In a series of kinase inhibition experiments, the pyridinyl imidazole drugs SB202190 and SB203580 inhibited 17,20 lyase but not 17α-hydroxylase activity in human adrenocortical HCI-H295A cells, suggesting an action on p38α or p38β. Co-transfection of non-steroidogenic COS-1 cells with P450c17 and p38 expression vectors showed that p38α, but not p38β, conferred 17,20 lyase activity on P450c17. Antiserum to P450c17 co-immunoprecipitated P450c17 and both p38 isoforms; however, knockdown of p38α, but not knockdown of p38β, inhibited 17,20 lyase activity in NCI-H295A cells. Bacterially expressed human P450c17 was phosphorylated by p38α in vitro at a non-canonical site, conferring increased 17,20 lyase activity. This phosphorylation increased the maximum velocity, but not the Michaelis constant, of the 17,20 lyase reaction. p38α phosphorylates P450c17 in a fashion that confers increased 17,20 lyase activity, implying that the production of adrenal androgens (adrenarche) is a regulated event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Kian Tee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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Shaikh N, Mukherjee A, Shah N, Meherji P, Mukherjee S. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma gene variants influence susceptibility and insulin related traits in Indian women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2013; 30:913-21. [PMID: 23748472 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-013-0025-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a transcription factor involved in glucose and lipid metabolism is one of the candidate genes associated with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We investigated individual and combined associations of Pro12Ala and His447His polymorphisms of PPARγ with PCOS susceptibility and its related traits (hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenemia and lipid parameters) in Indian women. METHOD Genotyping of PPARγ polymorphisms in this case-control study was performed in PCOS (n = 450) and age-matched controls (n = 300) by direct sequencing. Clinical, anthropometric, hormonal and metabolic parameters were estimated in 275 women with PCOS and 169 controls. Chi-square test was used to compare the categorical data while regression analysis was used to evaluate association of genotypes with PCOS as well as its related phenotypes. RESULTS The frequencies of CC and CG + GG genotypes of Pro12Ala (χ² = 15.3, p < 0.0001) and CC and CT + TT genotypes of His447His (χ² = 12.7, p = 0.0004) polymorphisms were significantly different between PCOS and controls. Logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association of PCOS with Pro12Ala but not the His447His polymorphism. Carriers of variant genotypes at both PPARγ loci showed significantly reduced 2 h glucose levels while carriers of variant His447His genotype showed lower fasting insulin and HOMA-IR levels in PCOS women. CONCLUSIONS Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ showed significant association with decreased PCOS susceptibility. Both polymorphisms influenced insulin related traits (2 h glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR) and improved glucose metabolism in these women. This is the first report to establish that variations in PPARγ gene influence the insulin resistance pathophysiology in Indian women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuzhat Shaikh
- Department of Molecular Endocrinology, National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, J. M. Street, Parel Mumbai 400012, India.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of depression in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is high; one study has shown it to be four times that of women without PCOS. Therefore, systematic evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants for women with PCOS is important. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants in treating depression and other symptoms in women with PCOS. SEARCH METHODS We searched the following databases from inception to June 2012: the Cochrane Menstrual Disorders and Subfertility Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, the metaRegister of Controlled Trials (controlled-trials.com), the National Institute of Health Clinical Trials register (clinicaltrials.gov) and the World Health Organization International Trials Registry Platform search portal (www.who.int/trialsearch/Default.aspx). SELECTION CRITERIA Only randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants for women with PCOS were included in this review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The methodological quality of the trials was assessed independently by two review authors, in parallel with data extraction. The risk of bias in the included study was assessed in six domains: 1. sequence generation; 2. allocation concealment; 3. blinding of participants, personnel and outcome assessors; 4. completeness of outcome data; 5. selective outcome reporting; 6. other potential sources of bias. MAIN RESULTS We found no studies reporting any of our primary review outcomes (depression and allied mood disorder scores, quality of life and adverse events). Only one study with 16 women was eligible for inclusion. This study compared sibutramine versus fluoxetine in women with PCOS, and reported only endocrine and metabolic outcomes. It was unclear whether the participants had psychological problems at baseline. No significant difference was found between the groups for any of the measured outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS There is no evidence on the effectiveness and safety of antidepressants in treating depression and other symptoms in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhuang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Huang G, Coviello A. Clinical update on screening, diagnosis and management of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2012; 19:512-9. [PMID: 23108199 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e32835a000e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy in premenopausal women. This review discusses the screening, diagnosis and management of metabolic disorders and cardiovascular risk factors associated with PCOS, highlighting significant recent developments. RECENT FINDINGS PCOS is a complex genetic disorder with multiple susceptibility genes as well as environmental factors influencing the expression of various PCOS phenotypes. The first genome-wide association study of PCOS identified susceptibility loci on chromosome 2 near the luteinizing hormone receptor gene LHCGR and chromosome 9 near the obesity gene DEEND1A. Women with PCOS are affected by a variety of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, type-2 diabetes, dyslipidemia and obesity. Recently, it has been established that women with PCOS have a high risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. These metabolic disturbances are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although women with PCOS have higher rates of cardiovascular risk factors and intermediate markers of CVD, studies definitively documenting increased CVD are lacking. SUMMARY The high prevalence of metabolic disorders and CVD risk factors in women with PCOS highlights the need for early screening, diagnosis and treatment of these disorders to promote long-term health and possibly prevent CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Huang
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA
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Lorenzetti* S, Narciso L. Nuclear Receptors: Connecting Human Health to the Environment. COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO NUCLEAR RECEPTORS 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849735353-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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