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Danzey LM, Briceño VF, Cook AM, Nicotra AB, Peyre G, Rossetto M, Yap JYS, Leigh A. Environmental and Biogeographic Drivers behind Alpine Plant Thermal Tolerance and Genetic Variation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1271. [PMID: 38732486 PMCID: PMC11085172 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In alpine ecosystems, elevation broadly functions as a steep thermal gradient, with plant communities exposed to regular fluctuations in hot and cold temperatures. These conditions lead to selective filtering, potentially contributing to species-level variation in thermal tolerance and population-level genetic divergence. Few studies have explored the breadth of alpine plant thermal tolerances across a thermal gradient or the underlying genetic variation thereof. We measured photosystem heat (Tcrit-hot) and cold (Tcrit-cold) thresholds of ten Australian alpine species across elevation gradients and characterised their neutral genetic variation. To reveal the biogeographical drivers of present-day genetic signatures, we also reconstructed temporal changes in habitat suitability across potential distributional ranges. We found intraspecific variation in thermal thresholds, but this was not associated with elevation, nor underpinned by genetic differentiation on a local scale. Instead, regional population differentiation and considerable homozygosity within populations may, in part, be driven by distributional contractions, long-term persistence, and migrations following habitat suitability. Our habitat suitability models suggest that cool-climate-distributed alpine plants may be threatened by a warming climate. Yet, the observed wide thermal tolerances did not reflect this vulnerability. Conservation efforts should seek to understand variations in species-level thermal tolerance across alpine microclimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Danzey
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Verónica F. Briceño
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Alicia M. Cook
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Adrienne B. Nicotra
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
| | - Gwendolyn Peyre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Andes, Bogota 111711, Colombia;
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.R.); (J.-Y.S.Y.)
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jia-Yee S. Yap
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Gardens Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia; (M.R.); (J.-Y.S.Y.)
- Queensland Alliance of Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Leigh
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (V.F.B.); (A.B.N.)
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Camacho A, Rodrigues MT, Jayyusi R, Harun M, Geraci M, Carretero MA, Vinagre C, Tejedo M. Does heat tolerance actually predict animals' geographic thermal limits? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 917:170165. [PMID: 38242475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The "climate extremes hypothesis" is a major assumption of geographic studies of heat tolerance and climatic vulnerability. However, this assumption remains vastly untested across taxa, and multiple factors may contribute to uncoupling heat tolerance estimates and geographic limits. Our dataset includes 1000 entries of heat tolerance data and maximum temperatures for each species' known geographic limits (hereafter, Tmax). We gathered this information across major animal taxa, including marine fish, terrestrial arthropods, amphibians, non-avian reptiles, birds, and mammals. We first tested if heat tolerance constrains the Tmax of sites where species could be observed. Secondly, we tested if the strength of such restrictions depends on how high Tmax is relative to heat tolerance. Thirdly, we correlated the different estimates of Tmax among them and across species. Restrictions are strong for amphibians, arthropods, and birds but often weak or inconsistent for reptiles and mammals. Marine fish describe a non-linear relationship that contrasts with terrestrial groups. Traditional heat tolerance measures in thermal vulnerability studies, like panting temperatures and the upper set point of preferred temperatures, do not predict Tmax or are inversely correlated to it, respectively. Heat tolerance restricts the geographic warm edges more strongly for species that reach sites with higher Tmax for their heat tolerance. These emerging patterns underline the importance of reliable species' heat tolerance indexes to identify their thermal vulnerability at their warm range edges. Besides, the tight correlations of Tmax estimates across on-land microhabitats support a view of multiple types of thermal challenges simultaneously shaping ranges' warm edges for on-land species. The heterogeneous correlation of Tmax estimates in the ocean supports the view that fish thermoregulation is generally limited, too. We propose new hypotheses to understand thermal restrictions on animal distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Camacho
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain; São Paulo, SP, CEP: 05508-090, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, USP, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, n° 321, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP: 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Refat Jayyusi
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, USA
| | - Mohamed Harun
- Administração Nacional das Àreas de Conservaçao, Ministério da Terra, Ambiente e desenvolvimento rural, Rua da Resistência, nr° 1746/47 8° andar, Maputo, Mozambique; Faculdade de Veterinaria UEM, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marco Geraci
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, USA; CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; MEMOTEF Department, School of Economics, Sapienza University of Rome
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, P-4485-661 Vairão, Portugal; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Vinagre
- CCMAR - Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Estación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Av. Américo Vespucio 26, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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3
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Gilbert E, Žagar A, López-Darias M, Megía-Palma R, Lister KA, Jones MD, Carretero MA, Serén N, Beltran-Alvarez P, Valero KCW. Environmental factors influence cross-talk between a heat shock protein and an oxidative stress protein modification in the lizard Gallotia galloti. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300111. [PMID: 38470891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Better understanding how organisms respond to their abiotic environment, especially at the biochemical level, is critical in predicting population trajectories under climate change. In this study, we measured constitutive stress biomarkers and protein post-translational modifications associated with oxidative stress in Gallotia galloti, an insular lizard species inhabiting highly heterogeneous environments on Tenerife. Tenerife is a small volcanic island in a relatively isolated archipelago off the West coast of Africa. We found that expression of GRP94, a molecular chaperone protein, and levels of protein carbonylation, a marker of cellular stress, change across different environments, depending on solar radiation-related variables and topology. Here, we report in a wild animal population, cross-talk between the baseline levels of the heat shock protein-like GRP94 and oxidative damage (protein carbonylation), which are influenced by a range of available temperatures, quantified through modelled operative temperature. This suggests a dynamic trade-off between cellular homeostasis and oxidative damage in lizards adapted to this thermally and topologically heterogeneous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Gilbert
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- Energy and Environment Institute, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Anamarija Žagar
- National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Marta López-Darias
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Megía-Palma
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Universidad de Alcalá (UAH), Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Karen A Lister
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Max Dolton Jones
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Miguel A Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nina Serén
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Beltran-Alvarez
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina C Wollenberg Valero
- School of Natural Sciences, The University of Hull, Hull, United Kingdom
- School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield Campus, Dublin, Ireland
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Zhang L, Zhang YY, Ma LX, Dong YW. Evaluation of species thermal sensitivity with individual-based physiological performance. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 192:106212. [PMID: 37812948 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Ignoring intraspecific variations can prevent us from accurately assessing species' thermal sensitivity to global warming. Individual-based physiological performance provides a feasible solution to depict species' thermal sensitivity using a bottom-up approach. We measured the cardiac performance of intertidal bivalves (1159 individuals from multiple populations of six bivalves), determined the upper thermal limit of each individual, calculated the proportions of individuals suffering sublethal/lethal heat stress, and mapped sensitive regions to high temperatures. Results showed that high inter-individual variations of physiological performance existed in levels of populations and species, and species' thermal sensitivity was positively related to the intraspecific variations of heat tolerance. This bottom-up approach scaled up from individual, population to species emphasizes the importance of individual-based physiology performance in assessing thermal sensitivity across different hierarchical levels and enables better evaluating and forecasting of species responses to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhang
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yu-Yang Zhang
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Lin-Xuan Ma
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China
| | - Yun-Wei Dong
- Ministry Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266001, China.
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5
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Käfer H, Kovac H, Stabentheiner A. Habitat Temperatures of the Red Firebug, Pyrrhocoris apterus: The Value of Small-Scale Climate Data Measurement. INSECTS 2023; 14:843. [PMID: 37999042 PMCID: PMC10672010 DOI: 10.3390/insects14110843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ambient temperature is a main parameter that determines the thriving and propagation of ectothermic insects. It affects egg and larval development as well as adults' survival and successful overwintering. Pyrrhocoris apterus is a herbivorous bug species almost ubiquitous in Eurasia. Its distribution extends from the Atlantic Coast to Siberia, Northwest China and Mongolia. After introduction, it established successfully in the USA, Central America, India and Australia, which indicates a high invasive potential of this species. We determined the climatic conditions in Central Europe in a habitat where P. apterus has been continuously observed for decades. We conducted temperature measurements in the habitat and in the microhabitats where individuals could be found during the year and set them against freely available climate data commonly used to characterize habitat climate. Our temperature measurements were also compared to thermal limits (critical thermal minima and maxima). Although ambient temperatures outside the thermal boundaries of P. apterus can and do occur in the habitat, the bugs thrive and propagate. Microhabitat measurement in winter showed that individuals sought areas with favorable temperatures for hibernation. In particular, these areas are not (always) represented in large-scale climate tables, leading to possible misinterpretation of future patterns of spread of invasive species spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Käfer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Helmut Kovac
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
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6
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Keena MA, Hamilton G, Kreitman D. The potential climatic range of spotted lanternfly may be broader than previously predicted. FRONTIERS IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 3:1092189. [PMID: 38469535 PMCID: PMC10926377 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2023.1092189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula White) is an invasive planthopper that was introduced to the United States from Asia and readily spreads via human aided means. Three geographically separated populations in the United States (NJ, PA, and WV) were collected and used to assess the effects of fluctuating thermal regimes that included temperatures above or below the upper (Tmax) and lower (Tmin) developmental thresholds, respectively, on nymphal survival and development, and to determine if there was within- and among-population variation in hatch timing and temperature responses of nymphs. Nymphs exposed to temperatures > Tmax and
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody A. Keena
- Northern Research Station, United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service, Hamden, CT, United States
| | - George Hamilton
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Devin Kreitman
- Department of Entomology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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7
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Gutiérrez‐Pesquera LM, Tejedo M, Camacho A, Enriquez‐Urzelai U, Katzenberger M, Choda M, Pintanel P, Nicieza AG. Phenology and plasticity can prevent adaptive clines in thermal tolerance across temperate mountains: The importance of the elevation-time axis. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9349. [PMID: 36225839 PMCID: PMC9534760 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) decrease with elevation, with greater change in CTmin, and the risk to suffer heat and cold stress increasing at the gradient ends. A central prediction is that populations will adapt to the prevailing climatic conditions. Yet, reliable support for such expectation is scant because of the complexity of integrating phenotypic, molecular divergence and organism exposure. We examined intraspecific variation of CTmax and CTmin, neutral variation for 11 microsatellite loci, and micro- and macro-temperatures in larvae from 11 populations of the Galician common frog (Rana parvipalmata) across an elevational gradient, to assess (1) the existence of local adaptation through a PST-FST comparison, (2) the acclimation scope in both thermal limits, and (3) the vulnerability to suffer acute heat and cold thermal stress, measured at both macro- and microclimatic scales. Our study revealed significant microgeographic variation in CTmax and CTmin, and unexpected elevation gradients in pond temperatures. However, variation in CTmax and CTmin could not be attributed to selection because critical thermal limits were not correlated to elevation or temperatures. Differences in breeding phenology among populations resulted in exposure to higher and more variable temperatures at mid and high elevations. Accordingly, mid- and high-elevation populations had higher CTmax and CTmin plasticities than lowland populations, but not more extreme CTmax and CTmin. Thus, our results support the prediction that plasticity and phenological shifts may hinder local adaptation, promoting thermal niche conservatism. This may simply be a consequence of a coupled variation of reproductive timing with elevation (the "elevation-time axis" for temperature variation). Mid and high mountain populations of R. parvipalmata are more vulnerable to heat and cool impacts than lowland populations during the aquatic phase. All of this contradicts some of the existing predictions on adaptive thermal clines and vulnerability to climate change in elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miguel Tejedo
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | - Agustín Camacho
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain
| | | | - Marco Katzenberger
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Biology, Department of GeneticsUniversidade Federal de PernambucoRecifePrince Edward IslandBrazil
| | - Magdalena Choda
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain
| | - Pol Pintanel
- Department of Evolutionary EcologyEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSICSevillaSpain,Laboratorio de Ecofisiología and Museo de Zoología (QCAZ), Escuela de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica del EcuadorQuitoEcuador
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Department of Organisms and Systems BiologyUniversity of OviedoOviedoSpain,Biodiversity Research Institute (IMIB)University of Oviedo‐Principality of Asturias‐CSICMieresSpain
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8
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Bota‐Sierra CA, García‐Robledo C, Escobar F, Novelo‐Gutiérrez R, Londoño GA. Environment, taxonomy and morphology constrain insect thermal physiology along tropical mountains. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cornelio A. Bota‐Sierra
- Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Instituto de Ecología (INECOL A.C.), Xalapa Mexico
- Grupo de Entomología Universidad de Antioquia (GEUA), Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin Colombia
| | - Carlos García‐Robledo
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs Connecticut U.S.A
| | - Federico Escobar
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología (INECOL A.C.), Xalapa Mexico
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9
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Smith JM, Telemeco RS, Briones Ortiz BA, Nufio CR, Buckley LB. High-Elevation Populations of Montane Grasshoppers Exhibit Greater Developmental Plasticity in Response to Seasonal Cues. Front Physiol 2021; 12:738992. [PMID: 34803731 PMCID: PMC8600268 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.738992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations of insects can differ in how sensitive their development, growth, and performance are to environmental conditions such as temperature and daylength. The environmental sensitivity of development can alter phenology (seasonal timing) and ecology. Warming accelerates development of most populations. However, high-elevation and season-limited populations can exhibit developmental plasticity to either advance or prolong development depending on conditions. We examine how diurnal temperature variation and daylength interact to shape growth, development, and performance of several populations of the montane grasshopper, Melanoplus boulderensis, along an elevation gradient. We then compare these experimental results to observed patterns of development in the field. Although populations exhibited similar thermal sensitivities of development under long-day conditions, development of high-elevation populations was more sensitive to temperature under short-day conditions. This developmental plasticity resulted in rapid development of high elevation populations in short-day conditions with high temperature variability, consistent with their observed capacity for rapid development in the field when conditions are permissive early in the season. Notably, accelerated development generally did not decrease body size or alter body shape. Developmental conditions did not strongly influence thermal tolerance but altered the temperature dependence of performance in difficult-to-predict ways. In sum, the high-elevation and season-limited populations exhibited developmental plasticity that enables advancing or prolonging development consistent with field phenology. Our results suggest these patterns are driven by the thermal sensitivity of development increasing when days are short early in the season compared to when days are long later in the season. Developmental plasticity will shape phenological responses to climate change with potential implications for community and ecosystem structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Rory S Telemeco
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Biology, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA, United States
| | - Bryan A Briones Ortiz
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - César R Nufio
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, VA, United States.,University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, University of Colorado, Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Lauren B Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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10
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Muñoz MM. The Bogert effect, a factor in evolution. Evolution 2021; 76:49-66. [PMID: 34676550 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Behavior is one of the major architects of evolution: by behaviorally modifying how they interact with their environments, organisms can influence natural selection, amplifying it in some cases and dampening it in others. In one of the earliest issues of Evolution, Charles Bogert proposed that regulatory behaviors (namely thermoregulation) shield organisms from selection and limit physiological evolution. Here, I trace the history surrounding the origin of this concept (now known as the "Bogert effect" or "behavioral inertia"), and its implications for physiological and evolutionary research throughout the 20th century. A key follow-up study in the early 21st century galvanized renewed interest in Bogert's classic ideas, and established a focus on slowdowns in the rate of evolution in response to regulatory behaviors. I illustrate recent progress on the Bogert effect in evolutionary research, and discuss the ecological variables that predict whether and how strongly the phenomenon unfolds. Based on these discoveries, I provide hypotheses for the Bogert effect across several scales: patterns of trait evolution within and among groups of species, spatial effects on the phenomenon, and its importance for speciation. I also discuss the inherent link between behavioral inertia and behavioral drive through an empirical case study linking the phenomena. Modern comparative approaches can help put the macroevolutionary implications of behavioral buffering to the test: I describe progress to date, and areas ripe for future investigation. Despite many advances, bridging microevolutionary processes with macroevolutionary patterns remains a persistent gap in our understanding of the Bogert effect, leaving wide open many avenues for deeper exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha M Muñoz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06511
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11
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Miranda-Calle AB, Pacheco LF, Aparicio J, Méndez-De la Cruz FR. Thermoregulation of Liolaemus aparicioi (Iguania: Liolaemidae) along a 1000 m elevational gradient in La Paz Valley, La Paz, Bolivia. J Therm Biol 2021; 99:102940. [PMID: 34420606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.102940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Lizard species have diverse behavioral and physiological responses to thermo-environmental conditions, which allow them to inhabit a broad range of latitudes and elevations. Because the availability of suitable thermal resources is limited and more variable at high-elevation environments than at lower elevations, we expect high-elevation lizards to be constrained in their thermoregulation relative to lizards at lower elevations by the fewer available thermal resources to reach optimal temperatures (colder environment). We studied the thermal biology of an endemic and Critically Endangered lizard, Liolaemus aparicioi, to assess its thermal responses along a 1000 m elevational gradient in La Paz Valley from May to August of 2015 (dry season). We took field body and microhabitat temperatures at capture sites (substrate and air above ground), and body size (snout-vent length and mass) of individuals at Taypichullo (3000 m asl), Gran Jardín de la Revolución Municipal Park (3500 m asl), and Taucachi (4000 m asl) localities. Operative temperatures were taken from calibrated models deployed in different available microhabitats. Preferred temperatures and thermal tolerance limits were determined in laboratory settings for lizards from each locality. Field body, microhabitat, and operative temperatures decreased with increasing elevation and differed between sexes. Lizards at the high elevation locality had the lowest thermoregulatory efficiency as compared with the mid and lower elevation localities. In laboratory measurements, while the preferred temperatures varied between sexes, pooled preferred temperatures and thermal tolerances were similar in all localities. Although thermal resources at high elevation can limit thermoregulatory possibilities in L. aparicioi, behavioral microhabitat use, time allocated to thermoregulation, and physiological adjustments seem to be possible strategies to counteract thermal costs along elevational gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Bruno Miranda-Calle
- Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario, c/27 Cota Cota, C.P. 10077, Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia; Área de Herpetología, Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Campus Universitario, c/27 Cota Cota, C.P. 08706, Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia; Red de Investigadores en Herpetología, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Luis F Pacheco
- Instituto de Ecología, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Puras y Naturales, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, Campus Universitario, c/27 Cota Cota, C.P. 10077, Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - James Aparicio
- Área de Herpetología, Colección Boliviana de Fauna, Campus Universitario, c/27 Cota Cota, C.P. 08706, Correo Central, La Paz, Bolivia; Red de Investigadores en Herpetología, La Paz, Bolivia.
| | - Fausto R Méndez-De la Cruz
- Laboratorio de Herpetología, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, C.P. 04510, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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12
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Buckley LB, Schoville SD, Williams CM. Shifts in the relative fitness contributions of fecundity and survival in variable and changing environments. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:224/Suppl_1/jeb228031. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.228031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Organisms respond to shifts in climate means and variability via distinct mechanisms. Accounting for these differential responses and appropriately aggregating them is central to understanding and predicting responses to climate variability and change. Separately considering fitness components can clarify organismal responses: fecundity is primarily an integrated, additive response to chronic environmental conditions over time via mechanisms such as energy use and acquisition, whereas survival can be strongly influenced by short-term, extreme environmental conditions. In many systems, the relative importance of fecundity and survival constraints changes systematically along climate gradients, with fecundity constraints dominating at high latitudes or altitudes (i.e. leading range edges as climate warms), and survival constraints dominating at trailing range edges. Incorporating these systematic differences in models may improve predictions of responses to recent climate change over models that assume similar processes along environmental gradients. We explore how detecting and predicting shifts in fitness constraints can improve our ability to forecast responses to climate gradients and change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - Sean D. Schoville
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715-1218, USA
| | - Caroline M. Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
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13
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Bujan J, Roeder KA, Yanoviak SP, Kaspari M. Seasonal plasticity of thermal tolerance in ants. Ecology 2020; 101:e03051. [PMID: 32239508 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of heat tolerance in insects often suggest that this trait is relatively invariant, leading to the use of fixed thermal maxima in models predicting future distribution of species in a warming world. Seasonal environments expose populations to a wide annual temperature variation. To evaluate the simplifying assumption of invariant thermal maxima, we quantified heat tolerance of 26 ant species across three seasons that vary two-fold in mean temperature. Our ultimate goal was to test the hypothesis that heat tolerance tracks monthly temperature. Ant foragers tested at the end of the summer, in September, had higher average critical thermal maximum (CTmax ) compared to those in March and December. Four out of five seasonal generalists, species actively foraging in all three focal months, had, on average, 6°C higher CTmax in September. The invasive fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was among the thermally plastic species, but the native thermal specialists still maintained higher CTmax than S. invicta. Our study shows that heat tolerance can be plastic, and this should be considered when examining species-level adaptations. Moreover, the plasticity of thermal traits, while potentially costly, may also generate a competitive advantage over species with fixed traits and promote resilience to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Bujan
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA.,Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
| | - Karl A Roeder
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen P Yanoviak
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843, Balboa, Republic of Panama
| | - Michael Kaspari
- Geographical Ecology Group, Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, 73019, USA
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14
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Käfer H, Kovac H, Simov N, Battisti A, Erregger B, Schmidt AKD, Stabentheiner A. Temperature Tolerance and Thermal Environment of European Seed Bugs. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11030197. [PMID: 32245048 PMCID: PMC7143385 DOI: 10.3390/insects11030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Heteroptera, or true bugs populate many climate zones, coping with different environmental conditions. The aim of this study was the evaluation of their thermal limits and derived traits, as well as climatological parameters which might influence their distribution. We assessed the thermal limits (critical thermal maxima, CTmax, and minima, CTmin) of eight seed bug species (Lygaeidae, Pyrrhocoridae) distributed over four Köppen–Geiger climate classification types (KCC), approximately 6° of latitude, and four European countries (Austria, Italy, Croatia, Bulgaria). In test tubes, a temperature ramp was driven down to −5 °C for CTmin and up to 50 °C for CTmax (0.25 °C/min) until the bugs’ voluntary, coordinated movement stopped. In contrast to CTmin, CTmax depended significantly on KCC, species, and body mass. CTmax showed high correlation with bioclimatic parameters such as annual mean temperature and mean maximum temperature of warmest month (BIO5), as well as three parameters representing temperature variability. CTmin correlated with mean annual temperature, mean minimum temperature of coldest month (BIO6), and two parameters representing variability. Although the derived trait cold tolerance (TC = BIO6 − CTmin) depended on several bioclimatic variables, heat tolerance (TH = CTmax − BIO5) showed no correlation. Seed bugs seem to have potential for further range shifts in the face of global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Käfer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Helmut Kovac
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Nikolay Simov
- National Museum of Natural History, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Andrea Battisti
- School of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy;
| | - Bettina Erregger
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Livestock Products, and Nutrition Physiology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Arne K. D. Schmidt
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- AGES, The Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, 1220 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Anton Stabentheiner
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (H.K.); (A.S.)
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15
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Yadav S, Stow A, Dudaniec RY. Elevational partitioning in species distribution, abundance and body size of Australian alpine grasshoppers (Kosciuscola
). AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam Stow
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
| | - Rachael Y. Dudaniec
- Department of Biological Sciences; Macquarie University; North Ryde 2109 New South Wales Australia
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16
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Guerra-Correa ES, Merino-Viteri A, Andrango MB, Torres-Carvajal O. Thermal biology of two tropical lizards from the Ecuadorian Andes and their vulnerability to climate change. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228043. [PMID: 31978205 PMCID: PMC6980609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the thermal biology and climatic vulnerability of two closely related lizard species (Stenocercus festae and S. guentheri) inhabiting the Ecuadorian Andes at high altitudes. Four physiological parameters—body temperature (Tb), preferred temperature (Tpref), critical thermal maximum (CTmax), and critical thermal minimum (CTmin)—were evaluated to analyze the variation of thermophysiological traits among these populations that inhabit different environmental and altitudinal conditions. We also evaluate the availability of operative temperatures, warming tolerance, and thermal safety margin of each population to estimate their possible risks in the face of future raising temperatures. Similar to previous studies, our results suggest that some physiological traits (CTmax and Tb) are influenced by environmental heterogeneity, which brings changes on the thermoregulatory behavior. Other parameters (Tpref and CTmin), may be also influenced by phylogenetic constraints. Moreover, the fluctuating air temperature (Tair) as well as the operative temperatures (Te) showed that these lizards exploit a variety of thermal microenvironments, which may facilitate behavioral thermoregulation. Warming tolerance and thermal safety margin analyses suggest that both species find thermal refugia and remain active without reducing their performance or undergoing thermal stress within their habitats. We suggest that studies on the thermal biology of tropical Andean lizards living at high altitudes are extremely important as these environments exhibit a unique diversity of microclimates, which consequently result on particular thermophysiological adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany S. Guerra-Correa
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrés Merino-Viteri
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas Laboratorio de Ecofisiología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - María Belén Andrango
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
| | - Omar Torres-Carvajal
- Escuela de Ciencias Biológicas, Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador
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17
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Engell Dahl J, Bertrand M, Pierre A, Curtit B, Pillard C, Tasiemski A, Convey P, Renault D. Thermal tolerance patterns of a carabid beetle sampled along invasion and altitudinal gradients at a sub-Antarctic island. J Therm Biol 2019; 86:102447. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Nufio CR, Buckley LB. Grasshopper phenological responses to climate gradients, variability, and change. Ecosphere 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- César R. Nufio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
- University of Colorado Natural History Museum University of Colorado Boulder Colorado 80309 USA
- National Science Foundation Alexandria Virginia 22314 USA
| | - Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington 98195‐1800 USA
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19
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Aiki IP, Pirk CWW, Yusuf AA. Thermal regulatory mechanisms of termites from two different savannah ecosystems. J Therm Biol 2019; 85:102418. [PMID: 31657759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.102418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Termites are known for their abilities to regulate the conditions within their nests through the mounds that they build or the location of the built mound which assist in keeping the internal temperature within the requirement of the colony. These mechanisms to regulate vary between species, with some species adapting passive behaviours such as nest site selection and nest structures that permit passive heating or cooling. Here we studied seven species of mound building termites from five genera in two different savannah (Sahel and Sudan) and determined some of their passive thermal control strategies. Seven species of termites; Amitermes sp., Cubitermes oculatus, Macrotermes bellicosus, M. subhyalinus, Odontotermes sp., Trinervitermes sp. A and Trinervitermes sp. B were identified from the two savannah, We found no significant difference in internal mound temperatures between the species. In both savannah types most of the termites built their nest under the shade. We discuss the adaptive implications of building mounds under the shades as seen in species of M. bellicosus, M. subhyalinus and Odontotermes sp. Or those building mounds with unique shapes as seen in C. oculatus with mushroom shaped mounds for their role in thermal regulation within the nest and how this represents a response to environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I P Aiki
- Social Insects Research Group (SIRG), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, South Africa.
| | - C W W Pirk
- Social Insects Research Group (SIRG), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, South Africa
| | - A A Yusuf
- Social Insects Research Group (SIRG), Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, 0083, South Africa
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20
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Evans LC, Sibly RM, Thorbek P, Sims I, Oliver TH, Walters RJ. Integrating the influence of weather into mechanistic models of butterfly movement. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31497300 PMCID: PMC6717957 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-019-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the factors influencing movement is essential to forecasting species persistence in a changing environment. Movement is often studied using mechanistic models, extrapolating short-term observations of individuals to longer-term predictions, but the role of weather variables such as air temperature and solar radiation, key determinants of ectotherm activity, are generally neglected. We aim to show how the effects of weather can be incorporated into individual-based models of butterfly movement thus allowing analysis of their effects. METHODS We constructed a mechanistic movement model and calibrated it with high precision movement data on a widely studied species of butterfly, the meadow brown (Maniola jurtina), collected over a 21-week period at four sites in southern England. Day time temperatures during the study ranged from 14.5 to 31.5 °C and solar radiation from heavy cloud to bright sunshine. The effects of weather are integrated into the individual-based model through weather-dependent scaling of parametric distributions representing key behaviours: the durations of flight and periods of inactivity. RESULTS Flight speed was unaffected by weather, time between successive flights increased as solar radiation decreased, and flight duration showed a unimodal response to air temperature that peaked between approximately 23 °C and 26 °C. After validation, the model demonstrated that weather alone can produce a more than two-fold difference in predicted weekly displacement. CONCLUSIONS Individual Based models provide a useful framework for integrating the effect of weather into movement models. By including weather effects we are able to explain a two-fold difference in movement rate of M. jurtina consistent with inter-annual variation in dispersal measured in population studies. Climate change for the studied populations is expected to decrease activity and dispersal rates since these butterflies already operate close to their thermal optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. Evans
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6AH UK
| | - Richard M. Sibly
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6AH UK
| | - Pernille Thorbek
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY UK
- BASF SE, APD/EE, Speyerer Strasse 2, 67117 Limburgerhof, Germany
| | - Ian Sims
- Syngenta, Jealott’s Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, RG42 6EY UK
| | - Tom H. Oliver
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6AH UK
| | - Richard J. Walters
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box 217, Berkshire, Reading RG6 6AH UK
- Centre for Environmental and Climate Research, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden
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21
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Dahlhoff EP, Dahlhoff VC, Grainger CA, Zavala NA, Otepola‐Bello D, Sargent BA, Roberts KT, Heidl SJ, Smiley JT, Rank NE. Getting chased up the mountain: High elevation may limit performance and fitness characters in a montane insect. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth P. Dahlhoff
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Victoria C. Dahlhoff
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - Corrine A. Grainger
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Nicolas A. Zavala
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | | | - Brynn A. Sargent
- Department of Biology Santa Clara University Santa Clara California
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Kevin T. Roberts
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - Sarah J. Heidl
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
| | - John T. Smiley
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
| | - Nathan E. Rank
- White Mountain Research Center University of California Bishop California
- Department of Biology Sonoma State University Rohnert Park California
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22
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Muñoz MM, Bodensteiner BL. Janzen's Hypothesis Meets the Bogert Effect: Connecting Climate Variation, Thermoregulatory Behavior, and Rates of Physiological Evolution. Integr Org Biol 2019; 1:oby002. [PMID: 33791511 PMCID: PMC7671085 DOI: 10.1093/iob/oby002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the motors and brakes that guide physiological evolution is a topic of keen interest, and is of increasing importance in light of global climate change. For more than half a century, Janzen’s hypothesis has been used to understand how climatic variability influences physiological divergence across elevation and latitude. At the same time, there has been increasing recognition that behavior and physiological evolution are mechanistically linked, with regulatory behaviors often serving to dampen environmental selection and stymie evolution (a phenomenon termed the Bogert effect). Here, we illustrate how some aspects of Janzen’s hypothesis and the Bogert effect can be connected to conceptually link climate, behavior, and rates of physiological evolution in a common framework. First, we demonstrate how thermal heterogeneity varies between nighttime and daytime environments across elevation in a tropical mountain. Using data from Hispaniolan Anolis lizards, we show how clinal variation in cold tolerance is consistent with thermally homogenous nighttime environments. Elevational patterns of heat tolerance and the preferred temperature, in contrast, are best explained by incorporating the buffering effects of thermoregulatory behavior in thermally heterogeneous daytime environments. In turn, climatic variation and behavior interact to determine rates of physiological evolution, with heat tolerance and the preferred temperature evolving much more slowly than cold tolerance. Conceptually bridging some aspects of Janzen’s hypothesis and the Bogert effect provides an integrative, cohesive framework illustrating how environment and behavior interact to shape patterns of physiological evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Muñoz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
| | - B L Bodensteiner
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060
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23
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Judge R, Choi F, Helmuth B. Recent Advances in Data Logging for Intertidal Ecology. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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24
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Enriquez-Urzelai U, Palacio AS, Merino NM, Sacco M, Nicieza AG. Hindered and constrained: limited potential for thermal adaptation in post-metamorphic and adultRana temporariaalong elevational gradients. J Evol Biol 2018; 31:1852-1862. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urtzi Enriquez-Urzelai
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Antonio S. Palacio
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Natalia M. Merino
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Martina Sacco
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
| | - Alfredo G. Nicieza
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Universidad de Oviedo UO; Oviedo Spain
- UMIB: Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UO-CSIC-PA); Mieres Spain
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25
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Sheldon KS, Huey RB, Kaspari M, Sanders NJ. Fifty Years of Mountain Passes: A Perspective on Dan Janzen’s Classic Article. Am Nat 2018; 191:553-565. [DOI: 10.1086/697046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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26
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Muschett G, Umbers KDL, Herberstein ME. Within-season variability of fighting behaviour in an Australian alpine grasshopper. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171697. [PMID: 28403243 PMCID: PMC5389813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout the breeding season, changing environmental and biological conditions can lead to variation in the reproductive landscape of many species. In alpine environments temperature is a key driver of behaviour for small ectotherms such as insects, but variable biotic factors such as mate quality and availability can also influence behaviour. Kosicuscola tristis is a small semelparous grasshopper of the Australian alpine region. In a rare behaviour among grasshoppers, K. tristis males engage in vigorous fights over access to females, involving mandible displays, kicking, biting and grappling. In this study we describe the variation in fighting behaviour of K. tristis throughout the breeding season and test several hypotheses related to temperature, body size, mating behaviour, and female quality. We show that K. tristis males are more aggressive toward each other at the end of the breeding season than at the beginning. This increased aggression is associated with decreased daily average temperatures (from ~20°C to ~9°C), decreased mating activity, increased female fecundity, and an unexpected trend toward an increase in female-to-male aggression. These results suggest that K. tristis is likely under increased selective pressure to time key life cycle events with favourable biological and climatic conditions. The stochastic nature of alpine environments combined with a relatively short life span and breeding season, as well as limited mating opportunities toward the end of the season may have contributed to the evolution of this extraordinary mating system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Muschett
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Kate D. L. Umbers
- School of Science & Health, Western Sydney University, Hawkesbury, Richmond NSW, Australia
| | - Marie E. Herberstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW, Australia
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27
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MacLean HJ, Kingsolver JG, Buckley LB. Historical changes in thermoregulatory traits of alpine butterflies reveal complex ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40665-016-0028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Nobbs M, Blamires SJ. Making up for lost time: Biophysical constraints on the temporal abundance of two fiddler crabs in wet-dry tropical mangroves. AUSTRAL ECOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Nobbs
- School of Environment and Life Science; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT 0909 Australia
| | - Sean J. Blamires
- School of Environment and Life Science; Charles Darwin University; Darwin NT 0909 Australia
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences; The University of New South Wales; Sydney 2052 Australia
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29
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Ashton LA, Nakamura A, Burwell CJ, Tang Y, Cao M, Whitaker T, Sun Z, Huang H, Kitching RL. Elevational sensitivity in an Asian 'hotspot': moth diversity across elevational gradients in tropical, sub-tropical and sub-alpine China. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26513. [PMID: 27211989 PMCID: PMC4876391 DOI: 10.1038/srep26513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
South-western China is widely acknowledged as a biodiversity ‘hotspot’: there are high levels of diversity and endemism, and many environments are under significant anthropogenic threats not least climate warming. Here, we explore diversity and compare response patterns of moth assemblages among three elevational gradients established within different climatic bioregions - tropical rain forest, sub-tropical evergreen broad-leaved forest and sub-alpine coniferous forest in Yunnan Province, China. We hypothesised that tropical assemblages would be more elevationally stratified than temperate assemblages, and tropical species would be more elevationally restricted than those in the temperate zone. Contrary to our hypothesis, the moth fauna was more sensitive to elevational differences within the temperate transect, followed by sub-tropical and tropical transects. Moths in the cooler and more seasonal temperate sub-alpine gradient showed stronger elevation-decay beta diversity patterns, and more species were restricted to particular elevational ranges. Our study suggests that moth assemblages are under threat from future climate change and sub-alpine rather than tropical faunas may be the most sensitive to climate change. These results improve our understanding of China’s biodiversity and can be used to monitor future changes to herbivore assemblages in a ‘hotspot’ of biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Ashton
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Department of life sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - A Nakamura
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China.,Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - C J Burwell
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Biodiversity Program, Queensland Museum, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia
| | - Y Tang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - M Cao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - T Whitaker
- Crowtrees, Low Bentham, Lancaster, LA2 7EE, UK
| | - Z Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
| | - H Huang
- Lijiang Forest Ecosystem Research Station, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - R L Kitching
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, Yunnan 666303, China
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30
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Limited tolerance by insects to high temperatures across tropical elevational gradients and the implications of global warming for extinction. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:680-5. [PMID: 26729867 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1507681113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical thermal maximum (CTmax), the temperature at which motor control is lost in animals, has the potential to determine if species will tolerate global warming. For insects, tolerance to high temperatures decreases with latitude, suggesting that similar patterns may exist along elevational gradients as well. This study explored how CTmax varies among species and populations of a group of diverse tropical insect herbivores, the rolled-leaf beetles, across both broad and narrow elevational gradients. Data from 6,948 field observations and 8,700 museum specimens were used to map the elevational distributions of rolled-leaf beetles on two mountains in Costa Rica. CTmax was determined for 1,252 individual beetles representing all populations across the gradients. Initial morphological identifications suggested a total of 26 species with populations at different elevations displaying contrasting upper thermal limits. However, compared with morphological identifications, DNA barcodes (cytochrome oxidase I) revealed significant cryptic species diversity. DNA barcodes identified 42 species and haplotypes across 11 species complexes. These 42 species displayed much narrower elevational distributions and values of CTmax than the 26 morphologically defined species. In general, species found at middle elevations and on mountaintops are less tolerant to high temperatures than species restricted to lowland habitats. Species with broad elevational distributions display high CTmax throughout their ranges. We found no significant phylogenetic signal in CTmax, geography, or elevational range. The narrow variance in CTmax values for most rolled-leaf beetles, especially high-elevation species, suggests that the risk of extinction of insects may be substantial under some projected rates of global warming.
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31
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Bonebrake TC, Boggs CL, Stamberger JA, Deutsch CA, Ehrlich PR. From global change to a butterfly flapping: biophysics and behaviour affect tropical climate change impacts. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:rspb.2014.1264. [PMID: 25165769 PMCID: PMC4173678 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Difficulty in characterizing the relationship between climatic variability and climate change vulnerability arises when we consider the multiple scales at which this variation occurs, be it temporal (from minute to annual) or spatial (from centimetres to kilometres). We studied populations of a single widely distributed butterfly species, Chlosyne lacinia, to examine the physiological, morphological, thermoregulatory and biophysical underpinnings of adaptation to tropical and temperate climates. Microclimatic and morphological data along with a biophysical model documented the importance of solar radiation in predicting butterfly body temperature. We also integrated the biophysics with a physiologically based insect fitness model to quantify the influence of solar radiation, morphology and behaviour on warming impact projections. While warming is projected to have some detrimental impacts on tropical ectotherms, fitness impacts in this study are not as negative as models that assume body and air temperature equivalence would suggest. We additionally show that behavioural thermoregulation can diminish direct warming impacts, though indirect thermoregulatory consequences could further complicate predictions. With these results, at multiple spatial and temporal scales, we show the importance of biophysics and behaviour for studying biodiversity consequences of global climate change, and stress that tropical climate change impacts are likely to be context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy C Bonebrake
- Department of Earth Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong SAR, Hong Kong
| | - Carol L Boggs
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Jeannie A Stamberger
- Disaster Resilience Leadership Academy, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Curtis A Deutsch
- School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul R Ehrlich
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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32
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Camacho A, Trefaut Rodrigues M, Navas C. Extreme operative temperatures are better descriptors of the thermal environment than mean temperatures. J Therm Biol 2015; 49-50:106-11. [PMID: 25774033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In ecological studies of thermal biology the thermal environment is most frequently described using the mean or other measures of central tendency in environmental temperatures. However, this procedure may hide biologically relevant thermal variation for ectotherms, potentially misleading interpretations. Extremes of operative temperatures (EOT) can help with this problem by bracketing the thermal environment of focal animals. Within this paper, we quantify how mean operative temperatures relate to the range of simultaneously available operative temperatures (a measure of error). We also show how EOT: 1) detect more thermal differences among microsites than measures of central tendency, like the mean OT, 2) allow inferring on microsite use by ectothermic animals, and 3) clarify the relationships between field operative temperatures and temperatures measured at weather stations (WS). To do that, we explored operative temperatures measured at four sites of the Brazilian Caatingas and their correspondent nearest weather stations. We found that the daily mean OT can hide temperature ranges of 41 °C simultaneously available at our study sites. In addition, EOT detected more thermal differences among microsites than central quantiles. We also show how EOT allow inferring about microsite use of ectothermic animals in a given site. Finally, the daily maximum temperature and the daily temperature range measured at WSs predicted well the minimum available field OT at localities many kilometers away. Based on our results, we recommend the use of EOT, instead of mean OT, in thermal ecology studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Camacho
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Herpetologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Navas
- Laboratório de Ecofisiologia e Fisiologia Evolutiva, Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 11.461, CEP 05508-090 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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33
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Adherence to Bergmann's rule by lizards may depend on thermoregulatory mode: support from a nocturnal gecko. Oecologia 2015; 178:427-40. [PMID: 25663371 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3239-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bergmann's rule predicts an increase in body size with decreasing environmental temperature; however, the converse pattern has been found in the majority of lizards studied to date. For these ectotherms, small body size may provide thermal benefits (rapid heat uptake when basking), which would be highly advantageous in cold environments. Yet such an advantage may not exist in nocturnal lizards (which do not avidly bask), in which Bergmann's rule has not been closely studied. We have examined whether the body size of a primarily nocturnal gecko, Woodworthia "Otago/Southland" changed with elevation and operative temperature (determined using physical copper models). In a laboratory study, we investigated whether thermoregulatory mode (heliothermy or thigmothermy) alters the effect of body size on heating and cooling rates. This gecko followed Bergmann's rule, thereby showing the opposite of the dominant pattern in diurnal lizards. Size at maturity, maximum size of adults and size at birth were larger at higher elevations and at lower operative temperatures. Using physical models, we found that large body size can confer thermal benefits for nocturnal lizards that remain within diurnal retreats. Bergmann's rule should not be dismissed for all lizards. Our results clearly support Bergmann's rule for at least one thigmothermic species, for which large body size may provide thermal benefits. Future studies on Bergmann's rule in lizards should consider thermoregulatory mode. We advocate that this ecogeographic rule be examined in relation to operative temperature measured at field sites. Finally, we predict that climate warming may weaken the relationship between body size and elevation in this gecko.
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34
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Buckley LB, Nufio CR. Elevational clines in the temperature dependence of insect performance and implications for ecological responses to climate change. CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 2:cou035. [PMID: 27293656 PMCID: PMC4806720 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/cou035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To what extent is insect hopping and feeding performance, which constrains the ability to obtain and assimilate resources, thermally adapted along an elevation gradient? Does temperature dependence vary between populations and species and can differences account for individualistic responses to past climate change? We investigate these questions for three species of grasshoppers along a Rocky Mountain elevation gradient. All species and populations exhibit warm adaptation for consumption and digestion, with only modest inter- and intra-specific differences. Species differ substantially in the temperature of peak hopping performance. Low-elevation populations of the warm-adapted species exhibit the highest performance at high temperatures and the lowest performance at low temperatures. Developmental plasticity influences the temperature dependence of performance; grasshoppers reared at higher temperatures perform better at higher temperatures and possess broader thermal tolerance. We fitted thermal performance curves to examine whether performance shifts can account for changes in abundance between initial surveys in 1958-1960 and recent surveys since 2006. All species and populations are able to achieve greater feeding rates now. Estimated shifts in hopping performance vary between species and along the elevation gradient. The cool-adapted species has experienced declines in hopping performance, particularly at the lower elevation sites, while the warm-adapted species has experienced increases in performance concentrated at higher elevations. These estimated performance shifts broadly concur with observed abundance shifts. Performance metrics may have a greater potential to elucidate differential responses to climate change between populations and species than coarser and oft-used proxies, such as thermal tolerance. Assessing performance directly when temperature dependence varies between processes such as the acquisition and assimilation of energy may be essential to understanding population- and species-level impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1800, USA
| | - César R. Nufio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- University of Colorado Natural History Museum, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
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35
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Caillon R, Suppo C, Casas J, Arthur Woods H, Pincebourde S. Warming decreases thermal heterogeneity of leaf surfaces: implications for behavioural thermoregulation by arthropods. Funct Ecol 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Caillon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - Christelle Suppo
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - Jérôme Casas
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
| | - H. Arthur Woods
- Division of Biological Sciences; University of Montana; Missoula MT 59812 USA
| | - Sylvain Pincebourde
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI CNRS UMR 7261); Université François Rabelais; Faculté des Sciences et Techniques; 37200 Tours France
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36
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Thermal-safety margins and the necessity of thermoregulatory behavior across latitude and elevation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:5610-5. [PMID: 24616528 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316145111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 649] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological thermal-tolerance limits of terrestrial ectotherms often exceed local air temperatures, implying a high degree of thermal safety (an excess of warm or cold thermal tolerance). However, air temperatures can be very different from the equilibrium body temperature of an individual ectotherm. Here, we compile thermal-tolerance limits of ectotherms across a wide range of latitudes and elevations and compare these thermal limits both to air and to operative body temperatures (theoretically equilibrated body temperatures) of small ectothermic animals during the warmest and coldest times of the year. We show that extreme operative body temperatures in exposed habitats match or exceed the physiological thermal limits of most ectotherms. Therefore, contrary to previous findings using air temperatures, most ectotherms do not have a physiological thermal-safety margin. They must therefore rely on behavior to avoid overheating during the warmest times, especially in the lowland tropics. Likewise, species living at temperate latitudes and in alpine habitats must retreat to avoid lethal cold exposure. Behavioral plasticity of habitat use and the energetic consequences of thermal retreats are therefore critical aspects of species' vulnerability to climate warming and extreme events.
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37
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Todgham AE, Stillman JH. Physiological responses to shifts in multiple environmental stressors: relevance in a changing world. Integr Comp Biol 2013; 53:539-44. [PMID: 23892371 DOI: 10.1093/icb/ict086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Population response to global change will depend on responses to a multivariate set of changes in abiotic habitat characteristics and biotic interactions. Organismal biologists seeking to make ecological inferences about the impacts of global change by studying physiological performance have traditionally performed carefully controlled experimental studies that examine one variable at a time. Those studies, while of high value, may not lead to accurate predictions of organismal responses in the natural habitat, where organisms experience concomitant changes in multiple environmental factors. The symposium "Physiological Responses to Simultaneous Shifts in Multiple Environmental Stressors: Relevance in a Changing World" focused on physiological studies in which multiple environmental variables were simultaneously examined and brought together an international group of early-career and established speakers with unique perspectives on studies of multistressors. In doing so, the objective of the symposium was to frame the necessary next steps for increasing predictive capacity of organismal responses to environmental shifts in the natural habitat, establish novel collaborations among researchers actively investigating physiological responses to a multivariate environment, and broaden the number of researchers conducting such studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne E Todgham
- Department of Biology and Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132, USA
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