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Hochner H, Butterman R, Margaliot I, Friedlander Y, Linial M. Obesity risk in young adults from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (JPS): the contribution of polygenic risk and early life exposure. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:954-963. [PMID: 38472354 PMCID: PMC11216986 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The effects of early life exposures on offspring life-course health are well established. This study assessed whether adding early socio-demographic and perinatal variables to a model based on polygenic risk score (PRS) improves prediction of obesity risk. METHODS We used the Jerusalem Perinatal study (JPS) with data at birth and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) measured at age 32. The PRS was constructed using over 2.1M common SNPs identified in genome-wide association study (GWAS) for BMI. Linear and logistic models were applied in a stepwise approach. We first examined the associations between genetic variables and obesity-related phenotypes (e.g., BMI and WC). Secondly, socio-demographic variables were added and finally perinatal exposures, such as maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mppBMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) were added to the model. Improvement in prediction of each step was assessed using measures of model discrimination (area under the curve, AUC), net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS One standard deviation (SD) change in PRS was associated with a significant increase in BMI (β = 1.40) and WC (β = 2.45). These associations were slightly attenuated (13.7-14.2%) with the addition of early life exposures to the model. Also, higher mppBMI was associated with increased offspring BMI (β = 0.39) and WC (β = 0.79) (p < 0.001). For obesity (BMI ≥ 30) prediction, the addition of early socio-demographic and perinatal exposures to the PRS model significantly increased AUC from 0.69 to 0.73. At an obesity risk threshold of 15%, the addition of early socio-demographic and perinatal exposures to the PRS model provided a significant improvement in reclassification of obesity (NRI, 0.147; 95% CI 0.068-0.225). CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of early life exposures, such as mppBMI and maternal smoking, to a model based on PRS improves obesity risk prediction in an Israeli population-sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachely Butterman
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Margaliot
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Jerusalem, Israel
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Hochner H, Butterman R, Margaliot I, Friedlander Y, Linial M. Obesity Prediction in Young Adults from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study: Contribution of Polygenic Risk and Early Life Exposures. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.05.23295076. [PMID: 37732179 PMCID: PMC10508819 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.05.23295076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
We assessed whether adding early life exposures to a model based on polygenic risk score (PRS) improves prediction of obesity risk. We used a birth cohort with data at birth and BMI and waist circumference (WC) measured at age 32. The PRS was composed of SNPs identified in GWAS for BMI. Linear and logistic models were used to explore associations with obesity-related phenotypes. Improvement in prediction was assessed using measures of model discrimination (AUC), and net reclassification improvement (NRI). One SD change in PRS was associated with a significant increase in BMI and WC. These associations were slightly attenuated (13.7%-14.2%) with the addition of early life exposures to the model. Also, higher maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with increase in offspring BMI and WC (p<0.001). For prediction obesity (BMI ≥ 30), the addition of early life exposures to the PRS model significantly increase the AUC from 0.69 to 0.73. At an obesity risk threshold of 15%, the addition of early life exposures to the PRS model provided a significant improvement in reclassification of obesity (NRI, 0.147; 95% CI 0.068-0.225). We conclude that inclusion of early life exposures to a model based on PRS improves obesity risk prediction in an Israeli population-sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Hochner
- Braun school of public health, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rachely Butterman
- Braun school of public health, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ido Margaliot
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun school of public health, The Hebrew University - Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Michal Linial
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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Abstract
Epigenetics has transformed our understanding of the molecular basis of complex diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on epigenetic processes implicated in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, highlighting the potential of DNA methylation as a precision medicine biomarker and examining the impact of social determinants of health, gut bacterial epigenomics, noncoding RNA, and epitranscriptomics on disease development and progression. We discuss challenges and barriers to advancing cardiometabolic epigenetics research, along with the opportunities for novel preventive strategies, targeted therapies, and personalized medicine approaches that may arise from a better understanding of epigenetic processes. Emerging technologies, such as single-cell sequencing and epigenetic editing, hold the potential to further enhance our ability to dissect the complex interplay between genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. To translate research findings into clinical practice, interdisciplinary collaborations, technical and ethical considerations, and accessibility of resources and knowledge are crucial. Ultimately, the field of epigenetics has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, paving the way for precision medicine and personalized health care, and improving the lives of millions of individuals worldwide affected by these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea A Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, New York (A.A.B.)
| | - José Ordovás
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, at Tufts University, Boston, MA (J.O.)
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain (J.O.)
- Consortium CIBERObn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain (J.O.)
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Familial aggregation of the aging process: biological age measured in young adult offspring as a predictor of parental mortality. GeroScience 2022; 45:901-913. [PMID: 36401109 PMCID: PMC9886744 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Measures of biological age (BA) integrate information across organ systems to quantify "biological aging," i.e., inter-individual differences in aging-related health decline. While longevity and lifespan aggregate in families, reflecting transmission of genes and environments across generations, little is known about intergenerational continuity of biological aging or the extent to which this continuity may be modified by environmental factors. Using data from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (JPS), we tested if differences in offspring BA were related to mortality in their parents. We measured BA using biomarker data collected from 1473 offspring during clinical exams in 2007-2009, at age 32 ± 1.1. Parental mortality was obtained from population registry data for the years 2004-2016. We fitted parametric survival models to investigate the associations between offspring BA and parental all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We explored potential differences in these relationships by socioeconomic position (SEP) and offspring sex. Participants' BAs widely varied (SD = 6.95). Among those measured to be biologically older, parents had increased all-cause mortality (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.13), diabetes mortality (HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.08, 1.30), and cancer mortality (HR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.13). The association with all-cause mortality was stronger for families with low compared with high SEP (Pinteraction = 0.04) and for daughters as compared to sons (Pinteraction < 0.001). Using a clinical-biomarker-based BA estimate, observable by young adulthood prior to the onset of aging-related diseases, we demonstrate intergenerational continuity of the aging process. Furthermore, variation in this familial aggregation according to household socioeconomic position (SEP) at offspring birth and between families of sons and daughters proposes that the environment alters individuals' aging trajectory set by their parents.
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Talisman S, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Perinatal socio-behavioral and obstetric predictors of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity in adult offspring. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:209-220. [PMID: 34786873 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether obstetric and perinatal socio-behavioral characteristics at the time of pregnancy predict obesity phenotypes of adult offspring. METHODS The Jerusalem Perinatal Study was conducted among 17,003 deliveries during 1974 to 1976. Follow-up studies were conducted during 2007 to 2009 and 2017 to 2019 among 1,440 offspring undergoing examinations. Offspring were classified into four phenotypes according to obesity and metabolic status: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW, reference group), unhealthy normal weight, healthy obesity (MHO), and unhealthy obesity (MUO). Regression models were carried out to identify perinatal predictors for risk phenotypes at age 30 to 35 years, emphasizing the differentiation between socio-behavioral and obstetric features. RESULTS A total of 15.7% of participants were classified as MUO, and 5.4% were classified as MHO. Low socioeconomic status was associated with both obesity phenotypes (e.g., odds ratio [OR]MHO/MHNW = 2.98, p < 0.001). High socioeconomic status was associated with MUO (ORMUO/MHNW = 1.93, p = 0.002). Maternal low education was also associated with both obesity phenotypes (ORMUO/MHNW = 2.46, p < 0.001, ORMHO/MHNW = 2.45, p = 0.005). Participants with MUO were more likely to have a smoking father (ORMUO/MHNW = 1.48, p = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS Perinatal socio-behavioral characteristics are associated with adult obesity phenotypes. The findings point to possible mechanisms underlying the development of obesity in young adults and, thus, contribute toward identifying high-risk groups that would mostly benefit from obesity risk-reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Talisman
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Dior UP, Karavani G, Soloveichick V, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Early-life factors and adult anti-Müllerian hormone levels. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3019-3025. [PMID: 34324131 PMCID: PMC8608934 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02281-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aims to examine whether early-life factors are associated with adult ovarian reserve, measured by anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels. METHODS The work is based on the Jerusalem Perinatal Study (JPS), an extensive birth cohort with detailed information on all pregnancies and deliveries in Jerusalem between 1974 and 1976. A subset of individuals participated in a follow-up study that took place between 2007 and 2009 in which they completed questionnaires and were physically examined at mean age of 32. A blood sample was additionally drawn from each participant, and AMH was measured in a sample of 239 women. The associations between each early-life factors, including birth weight, maternal pre-pregnancy weight, gestational weight gain (GWG), socioeconomic position at birth, and parental smoking during pregnancy, were assessed with AMH levels at the age of 32.Multivariable regression models were used to examine the associations with AMH, adjusting for potential confounders at birth and at the age of 32. RESULTS Low birth weight was significantly associated with lower ovarian reserve reflected by lower levels of AMH at age 32 (range 30-36), independent of other early-life factors and after adjusting for confounders (β = 0.180, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS This prospective study demonstrates the association of birth weight and adult ovarian reserve. Underlying mechanisms are yet to be fully understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Pinchas Dior
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein-Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Gilad Karavani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hadassah Ein-Kerem Medical Center and Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Valerie Soloveichick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, Jerusalem, Israel
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Savitsky B, Manor O, Lawrence G, Friedlander Y, Siscovick DS, Hochner H. Environmental mismatch and obesity in humans: The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2021; 45:1404-1417. [PMID: 33762678 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-00802-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to the hypothesis of Gluckman and Hanson, mismatch between the developmental and postdevelopmental environments may lead to detrimental health impacts such as obesity. While several animal studies support the mismatch theory, there is a scarcity of evidence from human-based studies. OBJECTIVES Our study aims to examine whether a mismatch between the developmental and young-adult environments affect obesity in young adults of the Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study. METHODS Data from The Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study birth cohort was used to characterize early and late environments using offspring and parental sociodemographic and lifestyle information at birth, age 32 (n = 1140) and 42 (n = 404). Scores characterizing the early and late environments were constructed using factor analysis. To assess associations of mismatch with obesity, regression models were fitted using the first factor of each environment and adiposity measures at age 32 and 42. RESULTS Having a stable non-beneficial environment at birth and young-adulthood was most strongly associated with increased adiposity, while a stable beneficial environment was most favorable. The transition from a beneficial environment at birth to a less beneficial environment at young-adulthood was associated with higher obesity measures, including higher BMI (β = 0.979; 95% CI: 0.029, 1.929), waist circumference (β = 2.729; 95% CI: 0.317, 5.140) and waist-hip ratio (β = 0.017; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.029) compared with those experiencing a beneficial environment at both time points. Transition from a less beneficial environment at birth to a beneficial environment at adulthood was also associated with higher obesity measurements (BMI -β = 1.116; 95% CI: 0.085, 2.148; waist circumference -β = 2.736; 95% CI: 0.215, 5.256). CONCLUSIONS This study provides some support for the mismatch hypothesis. While there is indication that an accumulation of the effects of the non-beneficial environment has the strongest detrimental impact on obesity outcomes, our results also indicate that a mismatch between the developmental and later environments may result in maladaptation of the individual leading to obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Savitsky
- The Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel. .,Ashkelon Academic College, School of Health Sciences, Ashkelon, Israel.
| | - O Manor
- The Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - G Lawrence
- The Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Y Friedlander
- The Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - H Hochner
- The Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Wu P, Karasik D, Peter I, Peloso GM, Levy D, Vasan RS, Adrienne Cupples L, Liu CT, Meigs JB, Siscovick DS, Dupuis J, Friedlander Y, Hochner H. Searching for parent-of-origin effects on cardiometabolic traits in imprinted genomic regions. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:646-655. [PMID: 31896779 PMCID: PMC7170899 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-019-0568-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiometabolic traits pose a major global public health burden. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple loci accounting for up to 30% of the genetic variance in complex traits such as cardiometabolic traits. However, the contribution of parent-of-origin effects (POEs) to complex traits has been largely ignored in GWAS. Family-based studies enable the assessment of POEs in genetic association analyses. We investigated POEs on a range of complex traits in 3 family-based studies. The discovery phase was carried out in large pedigrees from the Kibbutzim Family Study (n = 901 individuals) and in 872 parent-offspring trios from the Jerusalem Perinatal Study. Focusing on imprinted genomic regions, we examined parent-specific associations with 12 complex traits (i.e., body-size, blood pressure, lipids), mostly cardiometabolic risk traits. Forty five of the 11,967 SNPs initially found to have POE were evaluated for replication (p value < 1 × 10-4) in Framingham Heart Study families (max n = 8000 individuals). Three common variants yielded evidence of POE in the meta-analysis. Two variants, located on chr6 in the HLA region, showed a paternal effect on height (rs1042136: βpaternal = -0.023, p value = 1.5 × 10-8 and rs1431403: βpaternal = -0.011, p value = 5.4 × 10-6). The corresponding maternally-derived effects were statistically nonsignificant. The variant rs9332053, located on chr13 in RCBTB2 gene, demonstrated a maternal effect on hip circumference (βmaternal = -4.24, p value = 9.6 × 10-6; βpaternal = 1.29, p value = 0.23). These findings provide evidence for the utility of incorporating POEs into association studies of cardiometabolic traits, especially anthropometric traits. The study highlights the benefits of using family-based data for deciphering the genetic architecture of complex traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peitao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - David Karasik
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Daniel Levy
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- The Population Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramachandran S Vasan
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
- Sections of Preventive medicine and Epidemiology, and cardiovascular medicine, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - L Adrienne Cupples
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - James B Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Boston University's and National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, 01702, USA
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 99112102, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 99112102, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Morris G, Berk M, Maes M, Carvalho AF, Puri BK. Socioeconomic Deprivation, Adverse Childhood Experiences and Medical Disorders in Adulthood: Mechanisms and Associations. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 56:5866-5890. [PMID: 30685844 PMCID: PMC6614134 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-1498-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Severe socioeconomic deprivation (SED) and adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are significantly associated with the development in adulthood of (i) enhanced inflammatory status and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and (ii) neurological, neuroprogressive, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The mechanisms by which these associations take place are detailed. The two sets of consequences are themselves strongly associated, with the first set likely contributing to the second. Mechanisms enabling bidirectional communication between the immune system and the brain are described, including complex signalling pathways facilitated by factors at the level of immune cells. Also detailed are mechanisms underpinning the association between SED, ACE and the genesis of peripheral inflammation, including epigenetic changes to immune system-related gene expression. The duration and magnitude of inflammatory responses can be influenced by genetic factors, including single nucleotide polymorphisms, and by epigenetic factors, whereby pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species and nuclear factor-κB affect gene DNA methylation and histone acetylation and also induce several microRNAs including miR-155, miR-181b-1 and miR-146a. Adult HPA axis activity is regulated by (i) genetic factors, such as glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms; (ii) epigenetic factors affecting glucocorticoid receptor function or expression, including the methylation status of alternative promoter regions of NR3C1 and the methylation of FKBP5 and HSD11β2; (iii) chronic inflammation and chronic nitrosative and oxidative stress. Finally, it is shown how severe psychological stress adversely affects mitochondrial structure and functioning and is associated with changes in brain mitochondrial DNA copy number and transcription; mitochondria can act as couriers of childhood stress into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Level 1 North, Main Block, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Barwon Health, P.O. Box 291, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Basant K Puri
- Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Granot-Hershkovitz E, Karasik D, Friedlander Y, Rodriguez-Murillo L, Dorajoo R, Liu J, Sewda A, Peter I, Carmi S, Hochner H. A study of Kibbutzim in Israel reveals risk factors for cardiometabolic traits and subtle population structure. Eur J Hum Genet 2018; 26:1848-1858. [PMID: 30108283 PMCID: PMC6244281 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-018-0230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies in isolated populations often increase power for identifying loci associated with complex diseases and traits. We present here the Kibbutzim Family Study (KFS), aimed at investigating the genetic basis of cardiometabolic traits in extended Israeli families characterized by long-term social stability and a homogeneous environment. Extensive information on cardiometabolic traits, as well as genome-wide genotypes, were collected on 901 individuals. We observed that most KFS participants were of Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) genetic origin, confirmed a recent severe bottleneck in the AJ recent history, and detected a subtle within-AJ population structure. Focusing on genetic variants relatively common in the KFS but very rare in Europeans, we observed that AJ-enriched variants appear in cancer-related pathways more than expected by chance. We conducted an association study of the AJ-enriched variants against 16 cardiometabolic traits, and found seven loci (24 variants) to be significantly associated. The strongest association, which we also replicated in an independent study, was between a variant upstream of MSRA (frequency ≈1% in the KFS and nearly absent in Europeans) and weight (P = 3.6∙10-8). In conclusion, the KFS is a valuable resource for the study of the population genetics of Israel as well as the genetics of cardiometabolic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Karasik
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Murillo
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rajkumar Dorajoo
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anshuman Sewda
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Inga Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shai Carmi
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Gross R, Hamid H, Harlap S, Malaspina D. Prenatal x-ray exposure may increase risk of schizophrenia: Results from the Jerusalem perinatal cohort schizophrenia study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MENTAL HEALTH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00207411.2017.1308293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raz Gross
- Division of Psychiatry, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hamada Hamid
- Center for Global Health Institute for Social Policy and Understanding, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Susan Harlap
- Department of Psychiatry and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dolores Malaspina
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, New York, NY, USA
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Lawrence GM, Friedlander Y, Calderon-Margalit R, Enquobahrie DA, Huang JY, Tracy RP, Manor O, Siscovick DS, Hochner H. Associations of social environment, socioeconomic position and social mobility with immune response in young adults: the Jerusalem Perinatal Family Follow-Up Study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016949. [PMID: 29273651 PMCID: PMC5778288 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) impacts adult chronic disease. This study investigates associations of childhood and adulthood social environment, socioeconomic position (SEP) and social mobility with CMV response in young adults. DESIGN Historical prospective study design. SETTING Subcohort of all 17 003 births to residents of Jerusalem between 1974 and 1976. PARTICIPANTS Participants included 1319 young adults born in Jerusalem with extensive archival and follow-up data, including childhood and adulthood SEP-related factors and anti-CMV IgG titre levels and seroprevalence measured at age 32. MAIN EXPOSURE AND OUTCOME MEASURES Principal component analysis was used to transform correlated social environment and SEP-related variables at two time points (childhood and adulthood) into two major scores reflecting household (eg, number of siblings/children, religiosity) and socioeconomic (eg, occupation, education) components. Based on these components, social mobility variables were created. Linear and Poisson regression models were used to investigate associations of components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level and seroprevalence, adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Lower levels of household and socioeconomic components in either childhood or adulthood were associated with higher anti-CMV IgG titre level and seropositivity at age 32. Compared with individuals with stable favourable components, anti-CMV IgG titre level and risk for seropositivity were higher in stable unfavourable household and socioeconomic components (household: β=3.23, P<0.001; relative risk (RR)=1.21, P<0.001; socioeconomic: β=2.20, P=0.001; RR=1.14, P=0.01), downward household mobility (β=4.32, P<0.001; RR=1.26, P<0.001) and upward socioeconomic mobility (β=1.37, P=0.04; RR=1.19, P<0.001). Among seropositive individuals, associations between household components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were maintained and associations between socioeconomic components and mobility with anti-CMV IgG titre level were attenuated. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides evidence that accumulating low SEP from childhood through adulthood and social mobility may compromise immune response in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella M Lawrence
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Daniel A Enquobahrie
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jonathan Yinhao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Departments of Pathology and Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA
| | - Orly Manor
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David S Siscovick
- Institute for Urban Health, New York Academy of Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Huang JY, Siscovick DS, Hochner H, Friedlander Y, Enquobahrie DA. Maternal gestational weight gain and DNA methylation in young women: application of life course mediation methods. Epigenomics 2017; 9:1559-1571. [PMID: 29106309 PMCID: PMC5704089 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the role of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and prepregnancy BMI on programming offspring DNA methylation. METHODS Among 589 adult (age = 32) women participants of the Jerusalem Perinatal Study, we quantified DNA methylation in five candidate genes. We used inverse probability-weighting and parametric g-formula to estimate direct effects of maternal prepregnancy BMI and GWG on methylation. RESULTS Higher maternal GWG, but not prepregnancy BMI, was inversely related to offspring ABCA1 methylation (β = -1.1% per quartile; 95% CI: -2.0, -0.3) after accounting for ancestry, parental and offspring exposures. Total and controlled direct effects were nearly identical suggesting included offspring exposures did not mediate this relationship. Results were robust to sensitivity analyses for missing data and model specification. CONCLUSION We find some support for epigenetic programming and highlight strengths and limitations of these methods relative to other prevailing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Y Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health; Institute for Health & Social Policy; McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Hagit Hochner
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yechiel Friedlander
- Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Ferrie JE. Accomplishments, malfeasances, misfeasances and nonfeasances. Int J Epidemiol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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