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Xu L, Zhai X, Shi D, Zhang Y. Depression and coronary heart disease: mechanisms, interventions, and treatments. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1328048. [PMID: 38404466 PMCID: PMC10884284 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1328048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD), a cardiovascular condition that poses a significant threat to human health and life, has imposed a substantial economic burden on the world. However, in contrast to conventional risk factors, depression emerges as a novel and independent risk factor for CHD. This condition impacts the onset and progression of CHD and elevates the risk of adverse cardiovascular prognostic events in those already affected by CHD. As a result, depression has garnered increasing global attention. Despite this growing awareness, the specific mechanisms through which depression contributes to the development of CHD remain unclear. Existing research suggests that depression primarily influences the inflammatory response, Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis (HPA) and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) dysfunction, platelet activation, endothelial dysfunction, lipid metabolism disorders, and genetics, all of which play pivotal roles in CHD development. Furthermore, the effectiveness and safety of antidepressant treatment in CHD patients with comorbid depression and its potential impact on the prognosis of CHD patients have become subjects of controversy. Further investigation is warranted to address these unresolved questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhai
- Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dazhuo Shi
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Joshi K, Cambron‐Mellott MJ, Costantino H, Pfau A, Jha MK. The clinical, economic, and patient-centric burden of insomnia symptom severity in adults with major depressive disorder in the United States. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3143. [PMID: 37435894 PMCID: PMC10454259 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Insomnia is prevalent in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and is a key diagnostic criterion of MDD; however, little is understood about the burden of insomnia symptom severity in MDD. We evaluated the relationship between insomnia symptom severity and the clinical, economic, and patient-centric burden among community-dwelling individuals with MDD. METHODS Respondents with diagnosed depression who reported insomnia symptoms in the past 12 months (N = 4402) were identified from the 2019 United States National Health and Wellness Survey. Multivariable analyses assessed the association of Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) with health-related outcomes while controlling for sociodemographic and health characteristics. Further analyses also controlled for depression severity (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire). RESULTS Mean ISI score was 14.3 ± 5.6. Higher ISI was associated with greater depression severity (r = .51, p < .001). After adjustments, a one-standard deviation (5.6-point) increase in ISI score was significantly associated with higher depression (rate ratio [RR] = 1.36), anxiety (RR = 1.33) and daytime sleepiness (RR = 1.16) levels, more healthcare provider (RR = 1.13) and emergency room visits (RR = 1.31), hospitalizations (RR = 1.21), work productivity and activity impairment (RRs = 1.27 and 1.23, respectively), and poorer mental and physical health-related quality of life (β = -3.853 and -1.999, respectively) (p < .001). These findings remained statistically significant when controlling for concurrent depression severity. CONCLUSION In adults with MDD, greater insomnia symptom severity is associated with worse health-related outcomes, which suggests the importance of addressing insomnia symptoms as a clinical target for treating MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kruti Joshi
- Janssen Scientific AffairsLLCTitusvilleNew JerseyUSA
| | | | | | - Alanna Pfau
- Janssen Scientific AffairsLLCTitusvilleNew JerseyUSA
| | - Manish K. Jha
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, O'Donnell Brain InstituteUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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Baig-Ward KM, Jha MK, Trivedi MH. The Individual and Societal Burden of Treatment-Resistant Depression: An Overview. Psychiatr Clin North Am 2023; 46:211-226. [PMID: 37149341 PMCID: PMC11008705 DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual's functioning in multiple aspects of life. Treatment outcomes with commonly used antidepressants remain suboptimal. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) should be considered after inadequate improvement with two or more antidepressant treatments of adequate dose and duration. TRD has been associated with increased disease burden including higher associated costs (both socially and financially) affecting both the individual and society. Additional research is needed to better understand the long-term burden of TRD to both the individual and society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberlyn Maravet Baig-Ward
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Manish Kumar Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6363 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; O'Donnell Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 6363 Forest Park Road, Dallas, TX 75235, USA.
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Jha MK, Minhajuddin A, Slater H, Mayes TL, Blader J, Brown R, Garza C, Kennard BD, Riddle D, Storch EA, Shotwell J, Soutullo CA, Wakefield SM, Trivedi MH. Psychometric properties of Concise Associated Symptom Tracking (CAST) scale in youths and young adults: Findings from the Texas youth depression and suicide research network (TX-YDSRN). J Psychiatr Res 2023; 161:179-187. [PMID: 36933444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Symptoms of irritability, anxiety, panic, and insomnia are common in patients with depression, and their worsening after antidepressant treatment initiation is associated with poorer long-term outcomes. The Concise Associated Symptom Tracking (CAST) scale was developed to measure these symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we evaluate the psychometric properties of CAST in an ongoing community-based observational study involving children, adolescents, and young adults. Individuals from the ongoing Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN; N = 952) with CAST data available were included. Fit statistics [Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), Comparative Fit Index (CFI), and Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA)] from confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the five- and four-domain structure of CAST. Item response theory (IRT) analyses were also used. Individuals were grouped based on age (in years) as youths (8-17) and young adults (18-20). Correlations with other clinical measures were used to inform construct validity. Four-domain (irritability, anxiety, panic, and insomnia) 12-item structure of CAST (CAST-12) was optimal for youths (N = 709, GFI = 0.906, CFI = 0.919, RMSEA = 0.095) and young adults (N = 243, GFI = 0.921, CFI = 0.938, RMSEA = 0.0797) with Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 and 0.88, respectively. Slope of each item exceeded 1.0 on IRT analyses suggesting adequate discrimination for each item. Scores on irritability, anxiety, panic, and insomnia were significantly correlated with similar items on other scales. Together these findings suggest that CAST-12 is a valid self-report measure of irritability, anxiety, insomnia, and panic in youths and young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Holli Slater
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Taryn L Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Blader
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ryan Brown
- University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cynthia Garza
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, School of Medicine, Edinburg, TX, USA
| | - Beth D Kennard
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Eric A Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah M Wakefield
- Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University Health Science Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas, TX, USA; Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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Su H, Xiao L, Ren Y, Xie H, Sun XH. Effects of mindful breathing combined with sleep-inducing exercises in patients with insomnia. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:8740-8748. [PMID: 34734052 PMCID: PMC8546813 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i29.8740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia is the most common sleep disorder. It disrupts the patient’s life and work, increases the risk of various health issues, and often requires long-term intervention. The financial burden and inconvenience of treatments discourage patients from complying with them, leading to chronic insomnia.
AIM To investigate the long-term home-practice effects of mindful breathing combined with a sleep-inducing exercise as adjunctive insomnia therapy.
METHODS A quasi-experimental design was used in the present work, in which the patients with insomnia were included and grouped based on hospital admission: 40 patients admitted between January and April 2020 were assigned to the control group, and 40 patients admitted between May and August 2020 were assigned to the treatment group. The control group received routine pharmacological and physical therapies, while the treatment group received instruction in mindful breathing and a sleep-inducing exercise in addition to the routine therapies. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were utilized to assess sleep-quality improvement in the patient groups before the intervention and at 1 wk, 1 mo, and 3 mo postintervention.
RESULTS The PSQI, GAD-7, and ISI scores before the intervention and at 1 wk postintervention were not significantly different between the groups. However, compared with the control group, the treatment group exhibited significant improvements in sleep quality, daytime functioning, negative emotions, sleep latency, sleep duration, sleep efficiency, anxiety level, and insomnia severity at 1 and 3 mo postintervention (P < 0.05). The results showed that mindful breathing combined with the sleep-inducing exercise significantly improved the long-term effectiveness of insomnia treatment. At 3 mo, the PSQI scores for the treatment vs the control group were as follows: Sleep quality 0.98 ± 0.48 vs 1.60 ± 0.63, sleep latency 1.98 ± 0.53 vs 2.80 ± 0.41, sleep duration 1.53 ± 0.60 vs 2.70 ± 0.56, sleep efficiency 2.35 ± 0.58 vs 1.63 ± 0.49, sleep disturbance 1.68 ± 0.53 vs 2.35 ± 0.53, hypnotic medication 0.53 ± 0.64 vs 0.93 ± 0.80, and daytime dysfunction 1.43 ± 0.50 vs 2.48 ± 0.51 (all P < 0.05). The GAD-7 scores were 2.75 ± 1.50 vs 7.15 ± 2.28, and the ISI scores were 8.68 ± 2.26 vs 3.38 ± 1.76 for the treatment vs the control group, respectively (all P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION These simple, cost-effective, and easy-to-implement practices used in clinical or home settings could have profound significance for long-term insomnia treatment and merit wide adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Li Xiao
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yue Ren
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiang-Hong Sun
- Sleep Medicine Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning Province, China
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Liu Q, Cole DA. The association of phasic irritability (aggressive outbursts) and tonic irritability (irritable mood) to depression occurrences, symptoms, and subtypes. J Affect Disord 2021; 293:9-18. [PMID: 34157615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research among adults has rarely differentiated between tonic irritability (i.e., irritable mood) and phasic irritability (i.e., aggressive outbursts) with respect to multiple dimensions of depression. The current study explored both tonic and phasic irritability in relation to depression severity, depression chronicity, age of depression onset, individual depressive symptom, and depression subtypes. METHODS The study included participants (N = 5692) from the National Comorbidity Survey - Replication (NCS-R) part two. The NCS-R used lay-administered, fully standardized diagnostic interviews. The current study implemented linear models, generalized linear models, Cox proportional hazard model, and latent class regression. RESULTS Both types of irritability were significantly associated with greater risk for MDD diagnosis, as well as risk for having at least one depressive symptom, early MDE onset, and MDE chronicity. Both phasic and tonic irritability were associated with greater odds of specific depressive symptoms and were differentially related to distinct depressive symptom constellations. Phasic irritability related only to severe depression. Lastly, both phasic and tonic irritability was associated with suicidal ideation, but only phasic irritability was associated with a suicide plan and attempt, above and beyond depression subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Both phasic and tonic irritability differentially related to almost all aspects of depression in adults. Specifically, tonic irritability showed overall stronger associations with various depressive features, whereas phasic irritability marked higher depressive severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimin Liu
- Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee.
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Jha MK, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Shoptaw S, Kircanski K, Stringaris A, Leibenluft E, Trivedi M. Irritability as an independent predictor of concurrent and future suicidal ideation in adults with stimulant use disorder: Findings from the STRIDE study. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:108-113. [PMID: 34111690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report evaluated whether irritability in adults with stimulant use disorder is associated with suicidal ideation (SI) at the same visit (i.e., concurrently) and whether early changes in irritability predict subsequent levels of SI. METHODS Adults with stimulant use disorder (n=302) from nine residential addiction treatment programs were included. Participants were randomized to augmentation of usual care with dosed exercise or health education intervention. Irritability, SI, and depression were measured every week with 5-item irritability domain of Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale, 3-item suicidal thoughts factor of Concise Health Risk Tracking scale, and 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Clinician-Rated version (excluding the suicide-related item) respectively during acute-(baseline-to-week-12) and continuation-(week-12-to-week-36) phase. Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, treatment arm, type of substance(s) used, and comorbid psychiatric and medical disorders. RESULTS Higher irritability was associated with higher SI concurrently both in the acute-phase: r=0.28 (p<0.0001) and in the continuation-phase: r=0.33 (p<0.0001). Irritability was associated with concurrent SI after controlling for depression [acute-phase: β=0.17 (p<0.0001); continuation-phase: β=0.18 (p<0.0001)]. Greater baseline-to-week-2 reductions in irritability predicted lower levels of SI from week-2-to-week-12 (β=-0.11, p=0.003) and from week-12-to-week-36 (β=-0.22, p<0.0001) after controlling for baseline levels of depression and SI and baseline-to-week-2 changes in depression and SI. LIMITATIONS Secondary analyses, self-report measures of irritability and SI, limited generalizability. CONCLUSIONS Irritability is associated with SI concurrently, and greater reductions in irritability earlier in treatment are associated with lower levels of subsequent SI. Therefore, targeting irritability may reduce suicidality in adults with stimulant use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, Box 1230, New York 10029, NY, United States; Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Population and Data Science, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Steve Shoptaw
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, 10880 Wilshire Blvd, Los Angeles 90024, CA, United States
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 15K, Room 210, MSC 2670, Bethesda 20892-2670, MD, United States
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 15K, Room 210, MSC 2670, Bethesda 20892-2670, MD, United States
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, Building 15K, Room 210, MSC 2670, Bethesda 20892-2670, MD, United States
| | - Madhukar Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, United States.
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Singh MK, Hu R, Miklowitz DJ. Preventing Irritability and Temper Outbursts in Youth by Building Resilience. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2021; 30:595-610. [PMID: 34053688 PMCID: PMC8184316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Severe irritability and temper outbursts are risk factors for the onset of serious and lifelong mood disorders. In treating children and adolescents with severe irritability, clinicians should evaluate and address safety issues before acute stabilization of symptoms. Then, clinicians can initiate interventions to prevent the onset or relapses of the undesired behavior and its functional consequences. This review summarizes primary, secondary, and tertiary relapse prevention strategies, with an emphasis on strategies that build resilience in youth that mitigate the onset, recurrence, and progression of emotion dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manpreet K. Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5719, USA;,Corresponding author.
| | - Rebecca Hu
- University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - David J. Miklowitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 760 Westwood Plaza Rm A8-256, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1759, USA
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Jha MK, Fava M, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Mischoulon D, Wakhlu N, Trombello JM, Cusin C, Trivedi MH. Anger attacks are associated with persistently elevated irritability in MDD: findings from the EMBARC study. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1355-1363. [PMID: 32138798 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report tests the association of self-reported symptoms of irritability with overt behavior of anger attacks (uncharacteristic sudden bouts of anger that are disproportionate to situation and associated with autonomic activation). METHODS Participants of the Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care study who completed Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attacks questionnaire were included (n = 293). At each visit, the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 16-item Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale were used to measure depression, anxiety, and irritability. In those with anger attacks present v. those without anger attacks, separate t tests and mixed model analyses compared afore-mentioned symptoms at baseline and changes with treatment respectively. As anger attacks may occur without aggressive behaviors, analyses were repeated based only on the presence of aggressive behaviors. RESULTS At baseline, those with anger attacks (n = 109) v. those without anger attacks (n = 184) had similar levels of depression but higher levels of irritability [effect size (d) = 0.80] and anxiety (d = 0.32). With acute-phase treatment, participants with anger attacks experienced a greater reduction in irritability (p < 0.001) but not in depression (p = 0.813) or anxiety (p = 0.771) as compared to those without anger attacks. Yet, irritability levels at week-8 were higher in those with anger attacks (d = 0.32) than those without anger attacks. Similar results were found in participants with aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSIONS The presence of anger attacks in outpatients with major depressive disorder may identify a sub-group of patients with persistently elevated irritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nausheen Wakhlu
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Trombello
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Hieronymus F, Lisinski A, Eriksson E, Østergaard SD. Do side effects of antidepressants impact efficacy estimates based on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale? A pooled patient-level analysis. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:249. [PMID: 33907188 PMCID: PMC8079707 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01364-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS-17) measures symptoms that may overlap with common antidepressant side effects (e.g., sexual dysfunction), thus making it possible that side effects of antidepressant treatment are erroneously rated as symptoms of depression, and vice versa. This study uses patient-level data from previously conducted antidepressant treatment trials to assess whether side effect ratings co-vary with HDRS-17 ratings. Data from all HDRS-17-rated, industry-sponsored pre- and post-marketing trials (n = 4647) comparing the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, duloxetine, to placebo and/or to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor were pooled; three studies, which utilised sub-therapeutic doses, did not have symptom-level ratings available and could not be included. Severity was assessed for side effects related to sleep, somatic anxiety, gastrointestinal function, and sexual dysfunction. Analysis of covariance was used to assess the relation between these side effects and ratings of relevant HDRS-17-derived outcome parameters. Side effects related to sleep, somatic anxiety and sexual dysfunction significantly and exclusively associated with higher scores on HDRS-17 items measuring the corresponding domains. Side effects related to gastrointestinal function associated with higher HDRS-17 item scores on all assessed domains. Treatment outcome was significantly related to side effect severity when assessed using HDRS-17-sum (beta 0.32 (0.074), p < 0.001), but not when the HDRS-6-sum-score (beta 0.035 (0.043), p = 0.415) or the depressed mood item (beta 0.007 (0.012), p = .527) were used as effect parameters. That some HDRS-17 items co-vary with common antidepressant side effects suggests some of these adverse events are counted twice, potentially leading to an underestimation of antidepressant efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fredrik Hieronymus
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Alexander Lisinski
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Elias Eriksson
- grid.8761.80000 0000 9919 9582Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Søren Dinesen Østergaard
- grid.7048.b0000 0001 1956 2722Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark ,grid.154185.c0000 0004 0512 597XDepartment of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Jha MK, Schatzberg A, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Mayes TL, Trivedi MH. Cross-Sectional Associations Among Symptoms of Pain, Irritability, and Depression and How These Symptoms Relate to Social Functioning and Quality of Life: Findings From the EMBARC and STRIDE Studies and the VitalSign6 Project. J Clin Psychiatry 2021; 82:20m13740. [PMID: 34000130 PMCID: PMC9578176 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.20m13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this report was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Pain Frequency, Intensity, and Burden Scale (P-FIBS), a brief measure of pain, as well as the association of pain with irritability and depression and how these symptoms relate to functional impairments. METHODS Participants of 2 randomized controlled trials (Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care [EMBARC; n = 251 with DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder; study duration: August 2011-December 2015] and STimulant Reduction Intervention Using Dosed Exercise [STRIDE; n = 302 with DSM-IV diagnosis of stimulant abuse or dependence; study-duration: July 2010-February 2013]) and treatment-seeking patients in primary care clinics from an ongoing quality-improvement project (VitalSign6; n = 4,370; project duration: August 2014-July 2019) were included. Psychometric properties of the P-FIBS were evaluated with confirmatory factor and item response theory analyses in EMBARC and VitalSign6. The approach of Baron and Kenny was used to assess whether irritability accounted for the effect of pain on depression. RESULTS Cronbach α (0.84-0.89) and model fits for single-factor structure of P-FIBS were acceptable. Pain was positively correlated with irritability (r = 0.22-0.29) and depression (r = 0.10-0.33). Irritability accounted for 40.7%-65.5% of the effect of pain on depression. Higher irritability and depression were associated with poorer social functioning, quality of life, and productivity in work- and non-work-related activities. Pain was associated with non-work-related activity impairments even after controlling for irritability and depression. CONCLUSIONS The P-FIBS is a brief and reliable measure of pain. Irritability is associated with pain and accounts for a large proportion of the effect of pain on depression. Symptoms of pain, irritability, and depression are associated with functional impairments. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT01407094 (EMBARC), NCT01141608 (STRIDE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Alan Schatzberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Taryn L Mayes
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
- Corresponding author: Madhukar H. Trivedi, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Professor of Psychiatry, Julie K. Hersh Chair for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Betty Jo Hay Distinguished Chair in Mental Health, Founding Director, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, TX 75390-9119
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12
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Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults. J Nurse Pract 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nurpra.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Framer A. What I have learnt from helping thousands of people taper off antidepressants and other psychotropic medications. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2021; 11:2045125321991274. [PMID: 33796265 PMCID: PMC7970174 DOI: 10.1177/2045125321991274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although psychiatric drug withdrawal syndromes have been recognized since the 1950s - recent studies confirm antidepressant withdrawal syndrome incidence upwards of 40% - medical information about how to safely go off the drugs has been lacking. To fill this gap, over the last 25 years, patients have developed a robust Internet-based subculture of peer support for tapering off psychiatric drugs and recovering from withdrawal syndrome. This account from the founder of such an online community covers lessons learned from thousands of patients regarding common experiences with medical providers, identification of adverse drug reactions, risk factors for withdrawal, tapering techniques, withdrawal symptoms, protracted withdrawal syndrome, and strategies to cope with symptoms, in the context of the existing scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Framer
- SurvivingAntidepressants.org, San Francisco,
California, USA
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Chin Fatt CR, Cooper CM, Jha MK, Minhajuddin A, Rush AJ, Trombello JM, Fava M, McInnis M, Weissman M, Trivedi MH. Differential response to SSRI versus Placebo and distinct neural signatures among data-driven subgroups of patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 2021; 282:602-610. [PMID: 33445082 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify data-driven subgroups in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in order to elucidate underlying neural correlates and determine if these subgroups have utility in predicting response to antidepressant versus placebo. METHODS Using 27 clinical measures at baseline of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC) study, participants with MDD (n=244) were sub grouped using principal component (PC) analysis. Baseline-to-week-8 changes in depression severity with sertraline versus placebo were compared in these subgroups. Resting-state functional connectivity of these subgroups were compared to those of healthy controls (n=38). RESULTS Eight subgroups were identified from four PCs: (PC1) severity of depression-associated symptoms, (PC2) sub-threshold mania and anhedonia, (PC3) childhood trauma, medical comorbidities, and sexual dysfunction, and (PC4) personality traits of openness and agreeableness. Participants with high childhood trauma experienced greater improvement with sertraline (Cohen's d=0.87), whereas those with either higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms (Cohen's d=0.67) or with lower levels of agreeableness and openness experienced greater improvement with placebo (Cohen's d=0.71). Participants with high childhood trauma had greater connectivity between salience and dorsal attention networks, whereas those with higher levels of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and lower levels of agreeableness and openness had greater connectivity within limbic network and that of visual network with hippocampus and dorsal attention network. CONCLUSION Assessing history of childhood trauma, presence of subthreshold hypomanic symptoms and personality traits may help to identify subgroups of patients with MDD who respond differentially to sertraline or placebo and have distinct neural signatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cherise R Chin Fatt
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Crystal M Cooper
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Manish K Jha
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place. Box 1230. New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - A John Rush
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, 169857; Department of Psychiatry, Duke University Medical School, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Texas Tech University, Health Science Center, Permian Basin, Midland, TX, USA
| | - Joseph M Trombello
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02144, USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 4250 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, USA
| | - Myrna Weissman
- New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, Department of Psychiatry, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, USA.
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Soogrim V, Ruberto VL, Murrough J, Jha MK. Spotlight on Pimavanserin Tartrate and Its Therapeutic Potential in the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder: The Evidence to Date. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:151-157. [PMID: 33469267 PMCID: PMC7812044 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s240862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is widely prevalent and one of the leading causes of disability. Treatment outcomes remain suboptimal with 1 in 3 patients with MDD responding inadequately to commonly used antidepressants. Pimavanserin, an atypical antipsychotic that modulates serotonergic neurotransmission by selectively binding to serotonin receptor (2A and 2C) subtypes and without dopaminergic activity, may have the potential as an adjunctive treatment for MDD. In a phase 2 trial (n=203), addition of pimavanserin, as compared to placebo, to stable treatment with antidepressants was associated with greater reduction in 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score [HAMD, least square means (95% confidence interval) of -1.7 (-0.03, -3.37), p=0.039]. Furthermore, treatment with pimavanserin was associated with significantly greater improvement in specific symptoms associated with depression such as impaired sexual function, anxiety, sleepiness, and irritability. However, the availability of pimavanserin for clinical care of patients with MDD remains uncertain. Top-line results of phase 3 studies (n=298) that were announced by the sponsor found similar reductions in HAMD (mean baseline-to-week-5 reduction of 9.0 and 8.1, p=0.296) and rates of adverse events (58.1% and 54.7%) with addition of pimavanserin and placebo respectively to stable treatment with antidepressants. Given the potential benefit for specific symptoms such as impaired sexual function, anxiety and sleep/wakefulness disturbances, future studies that enrich for these symptoms may be needed to clarify the utility of adjunctive pimavanserin in treatment of patients with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicki Soogrim
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Valerie L Ruberto
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Manish Kumar Jha
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Jha MK, Fava M, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Mischoulon D, Cusin C, Trivedi MH. Association of anger attacks with suicidal ideation in adults with major depressive disorder: Findings from the EMBARC study. Depress Anxiety 2021; 38:57-66. [PMID: 33038902 DOI: 10.1002/da.23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report evaluates whether anger attacks (sudden uncharacteristic bouts of anger that are associated with autonomic arousal and/or aggression) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with elevated suicidal ideation (SI; active suicidal thoughts and plans). METHODS Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study who completed Massachusetts General Hospital Anger Attack Questionnaire (AAQ) at baseline were included (n = 293). Levels of SI (suicidal thoughts factor of Concise Health Risk Tracking) were compared at baseline with generalized linear models, and during Stage 1 (baseline-to-week-8) and Stage 2 (week-8-to-week-16) with repeated-measures mixed model analyses. Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, site, and treatment arm. RESULTS At baseline, participants with (n = 109) versus without anger attacks (n = 184) had higher levels of SI (Cohen's d effect size [d] = 1.20). Those with ≥9 anger attacks in the past month had significantly higher SI than those with 1-2 (d = 1.21), 3-4 (d = 1.48), and 5-8 (d = 0.94) anger attacks in the past month. Furthermore, participants with anger attacks at baseline reported higher SI at each post-baseline visit (both Stages 1 and 2) of EMBARC study (d = 0.39-0.77; all p < .05). Associations between anger attacks and SI were significant even after controlling for irritability, hostility, anxious arousal, depression, suicide propensity, and self-reported pain at baseline and lifetime suicidal tendencies. Similar results were found in participants with aggressive behaviors. CONCLUSION Anger attacks in outpatients with MDD may be associated with chronically elevated SI. Clinical Trials Registration: Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response for Clinical Care for Depression (EMBARC); NCT01407094; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01407094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Kumar Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Maurizio Fava
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David Mischoulon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Christina Cusin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Jha MK, Minhajuddin A, Chin Fatt C, Kircanski K, Stringaris A, Leibenluft E, Trivedi MH. Association between irritability and suicidal ideation in three clinical trials of adults with major depressive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2147-2154. [PMID: 32663842 PMCID: PMC7784964 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0769-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Irritability in pediatric samples is associated with higher rates of subsequent suicide-related outcomes. No study, to date, has evaluated the longitudinal association between irritability and suicidal ideation (SI) in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). This report evaluated whether irritability is associated with SI at the same visit (i.e., concurrently) and whether early changes in irritability with antidepressant treatment predict subsequent levels of SI. Participants of Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED, n = 665), Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC, n = 296), and Suicide Assessment Methodology Study (SAMS, n = 266) were included. Repeated-measures mixed model analyses evaluated concurrent association throughout the trial between irritability (five-item irritability domain of Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale) and SI (three-item suicidal thoughts factor of Concise Health Risk Tracking scale) after controlling for overall depression (excluding suicidality-related item), and predicted subsequent levels of SI (repeated observations from week-2-to-week-8) based on early (baseline-to-week-2) changes in irritability after controlling for early changes in overall depression. Higher irritability was associated with higher SI concurrently; estimates (standard error) were 0.18 (0.02, p < 0.0001), 0.64 (0.02, p < 0.0001), and 0.26 (0.04, p < 0.0001) in CO-MED, EMBARC, and SAMS respectively. Greater baseline-to-week-2 reductions in irritability predicted lower levels of subsequent SI; estimates (standard errors) were -0.08 (0.03, p = 0.023), -0.50 (0.05, p < 0.0001), and -0.12 (0.05, p = 0.024) in CO-MED, EMBARC, and SAMS, respectively. Controlling for anxiety or insomnia produced similar results. In conclusion, irritability and SI were consistently linked in adults with MDD. These findings support careful assessment of irritability in suicide risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Pl, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9119, USA
| | - Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9119, USA
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9119, USA
| | | | - Argyris Stringaris
- National Institute of Mental Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- National Institute of Mental Health, 10 Center Dr, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Madhukar H Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical Care, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390-9119, USA.
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Effect of pimavanserin on anxious depression in patients with major depression and an inadequate response to previous therapy: secondary analysis of the clarity study. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2020; 35:313-321. [PMID: 32804742 PMCID: PMC7531498 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In a post hoc analysis, the effect of pimavanserin on anxious depression was determined from CLARITY, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with major depression and an inadequate response to previous therapy. Patients were randomized in a 3:1 ratio to placebo or pimavanserin 34 mg daily added to ongoing antidepressant therapy. At 5 weeks, placebo nonresponders were rerandomized to placebo or pimavanserin for an additional 5 weeks. Mean change from baseline to week 5 for the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) anxiety/somatization (AS) factor was examined for all patients and those with a score ≥7 at baseline. Least squares (LS) mean [standard error (SE)] difference between placebo and pimavanserin for the AS factor score was -1.5 (0.41) [95% confidence interval (CI) -2.4 to -0.7; P = 0.0003; effect size: 0.634]. Among patients with an AS factor score ≥7 at baseline, LS mean (SE) difference was -2.2 (0.66) (95% CI -3.5 to -0.9; P = 0.0013; effect size: 0.781). Response rates (≥50% reduction in HAMD-17 from baseline) were 22.4 and 55.2% (P = 0.0012) and remission rates (HAMD-17 total score <7) were 5.3 and 24.1% (P = 0.0047), respectively, with placebo and pimavanserin among patients with a baseline AS factor score ≥7. Among patients with anxious major depressive disorder at baseline, adjunctive pimavanserin was associated with a significant improvement.
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Improvements in irritability with sertraline versus placebo: Findings from the EMBARC study. J Affect Disord 2020; 275:44-47. [PMID: 32658822 PMCID: PMC9764261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This report seeks to evaluate improvements in symptoms of irritability with sertraline (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant) versus placebo. METHODS Participants of Establishing Moderators and Biosignatures of Antidepressant Response in Clinical Care (EMBARC) study who were randomized to 8 weeks of treatment with either sertraline or placebo and completed 5-item irritability domain of Concise Associated Symptom Tracking scale (CAST-IRR) at baseline were included (n = 292). Repeated measures mixed model analysis with CAST-IRR as the outcome variable and treatment arm-by-time interaction as the independent variable of interest evaluated whether changes in irritability with treatment differed between sertraline and placebo arms. A separate analysis controlled for levels of overall depression severity (17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Covariates included age, sex, race, ethnicity, and site. RESULTS There was a significant treatment arm-by-time interaction (F = 6.96, df = 6, 1418, p <0.0001) suggesting that changes in irritability with sertraline differed from placebo. The magnitude of reduction in irritability from baseline to week-8 was greater with sertraline than with placebo (Cohen's d effect size = 0.56). After controlling for levels of overall depression severity at each visit, reduction in irritability with time continued to be significant with sertraline but not with placebo. LIMITATIONS Secondary analysis, limited generalizability, lack of non-serotonergic antidepressants. DISCUSSION There is greater improvement in irritability with sertraline than with placebo. Improvement in irritability with sertraline was independent of its effects on overall depression severity. CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT01407094.
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Minhajuddin A, Jha MK, Fatt CC, Trivedi MH. Psychometric Properties of the Concise Associated Symptom Tracking Scale and Validation of Clinical Utility in the EMBARC Study. PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE 2020; 2:10-18. [PMID: 36101888 PMCID: PMC9175787 DOI: 10.1176/appi.prcp.20190041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abu Minhajuddin
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas
| | - Manish K. Jha
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas
- Department of PsychiatryIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew York
| | - Cherise Chin Fatt
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas
| | - Madhukar H. Trivedi
- Center for Depression Research and Clinical CareUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas
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VitalSign 6: A Primary Care First (PCP-First) Model for Universal Screening and Measurement-Based Care for Depression. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12020071. [PMID: 31091770 PMCID: PMC6630588 DOI: 10.3390/ph12020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder affects one in five adults in the United States. While practice guidelines recommend universal screening for depression in primary care settings, clinical outcomes suffer in the absence of optimal models to manage those who screen positive for depression. The current practice of employing additional mental health professionals perpetuates the assumption that primary care providers (PCP) cannot effectively manage depression, which is not feasible, due to the added costs and shortage of mental health professionals. We have extended our previous work, which demonstrated similar treatment outcomes for depression in primary care and psychiatric settings, using measurement-based care (MBC) by developing a model, called Primary Care First (PCP-First), that empowers PCPs to effectively manage depression in their patients. This model incorporates health information technology tools, through an electronic health records (EHR) integrated web-application and facilitates the following five components: (1) Screening (2) diagnosis (3) treatment selection (4) treatment implementation and (5) treatment revision. We have implemented this model as part of a quality improvement project, called VitalSign6, and will measure its success using the Reach, Efficacy, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework. In this report, we provide the background and rationale of the PCP-First model and the operationalization of VitalSign6 project.
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Jha MK, Qamar A, Vaduganathan M, Charney DS, Murrough JW. Screening and Management of Depression in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 73:1827-1845. [PMID: 30975301 PMCID: PMC7871437 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Depression is a common problem in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is associated with increased mortality, excess disability, greater health care expenditures, and reduced quality of life. Depression is present in 1 of 5 patients with coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease, and heart failure. Depression complicates the optimal management of CVD by worsening cardiovascular risk factors and decreasing adherence to healthy lifestyles and evidence-based medical therapies. As such, standardized screening pathways for depression in patients with CVD offer the potential for early identification and optimal management of depression to improve health outcomes. Unfortunately, the burden of depression in patients with CVD is under-recognized; as a result, screening and management strategies targeting depression have been poorly implemented in patients with CVD. In this review, the authors discuss a practical approach for the screening and management of depression in patients with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Jha
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Arman Qamar
- TIMI Study Group, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/AqamarMD
| | - Muthiah Vaduganathan
- Heart & Vascular Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. https://twitter.com/mvaduganathan
| | - Dennis S Charney
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York; Office of the Dean, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - James W Murrough
- Depression and Anxiety Center for Discovery and Treatment, Department of Psychiatry, and Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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Limandri BJ. Treatment-Resistant Depression: Identification and Treatment Strategies. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2018; 56:11-15. [DOI: 10.3928/02793695-20180808-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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