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Cervantes O, Berg MR, Kapnadak SG, Miller E, Fountain C, Curtis B, Thelen S, Ruff S, Huang H, Altemeier W, Adams Waldorf KM. Testing pulmonary physiology in ventilated non-human primates. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12694. [PMID: 38454198 PMCID: PMC10994148 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models of respiratory viral infections are essential for investigating disease pathogenesis and the efficacy of antivirals and vaccine candidates. A major limitation in the research of respiratory diseases in animal models is correlating clinically relevant changes in pulmonary physiology with cellular and molecular mechanistic studies. Few animal models have captured and correlated physiologic changes in lung function and immune response within same experiment, which is critical given the heterogeneous nature of lung disease due to viral infections. In ventilated human patients, pulmonary physiology testing can be used to not only capture oxygenation, ventilation, but also pulmonary mechanics to yield quantitative measures of lung function and scalar tracings of flow-volume and pressure-volume loops. Application of this protocol during mechanical ventilation in non-human (NHP) models would represent a major advance in respiratory viral disease research. METHODS We have applied and optimized a human pulmonary physiology testing protocol to ventilated pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) at baseline and 5 days after influenza A (IAV) viral inoculation. RESULTS The NHPs manifested clinical disease with hypothermia and loss of body weight. Declines in lung function were striking with a 66%-81% decline in P/F ratio, a measure of oxygenation reflecting the ratio of partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (PaO2 ) to the fraction of inspiratory oxygen concentration (FiO2 ). There was also a 16%-45% decline in lung compliance. CONCLUSION We describe a new approach to performing pulmonary physiology testing protocol in non-human primates to better capture quantitative correlates of respiratory disease and demonstrate protection by therapeutics and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando Cervantes
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Melissa R. Berg
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Siddhartha G. Kapnadak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Connie Fountain
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Britni Curtis
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandi Thelen
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Shannon Ruff
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hazel Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - William Altemeier
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Lung Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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2
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Blackwood M, Gruntman AM, Tang Q, Pires-Ferreira D, Reil D, Kondratov O, Marsic D, Zolotukhin S, Gernoux G, Keeler AM, Mueller C, Flotte TR. Biodistribution and safety of a single rAAV3B-AAT vector for silencing and replacement of alpha-1 antitrypsin in Cynomolgus macaques. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101200. [PMID: 38445045 PMCID: PMC10914479 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is characterized by both chronic lung disease due to loss of wild-type AAT (M-AAT) antiprotease function and liver disease due to toxicity from delayed secretion, polymerization, and aggregation of misfolded mutant AAT (Z-AAT). The ideal gene therapy for AATD should therefore comprise both endogenous Z-AAT suppression and M-AAT overexpression. We designed a dual-function rAAV3B (df-rAAV3B) construct, which was effective at transducing hepatocytes, resulting in a considerable decrease of Z-AAT levels and safe M-AAT augmentation in mice. We optimized df-rAAV3B and created two variants, AAV3B-E12 and AAV3B-G3, to simultaneously enhance the concentration of M-AAT in the bloodstream to therapeutic levels and silence endogenous AAT liver expression in cynomolgus monkeys. Our results demonstrate that AAV3b-WT, AAV3B-E12, and AAV3B-G3 were able to transduce the monkey livers and achieve high M-AAT serum levels efficiently and safely. In this nondeficient model, we did not find downregulation of endogenous AAT. However, the dual-function vector did serve as a potentially "liver-sparing" alternative for high-dose liver-mediated AAT gene replacement in the context of underlying liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Blackwood
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alisha M. Gruntman
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Qiushi Tang
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Debora Pires-Ferreira
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Darcy Reil
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Oleksandr Kondratov
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Damien Marsic
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- MaiBo Biotech, Suzhou Industrial Park, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sergei Zolotukhin
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Therapy, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Gwladys Gernoux
- Nantes Université, CHU de Nantes, INSERM, TaRGeT–Translational Research in Gene Therapy, UMR 1089, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - Allison M. Keeler
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- NeuroNexus Institute, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | | | - Terence R. Flotte
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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3
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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4
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Rouhani MJ, Janes SM, Kim CF. Epithelial stem and progenitor cells of the upper airway. Cells Dev 2024; 177:203905. [PMID: 38355015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdev.2024.203905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The upper airway acts as a conduit for the passage of air to the respiratory system and is implicated in several chronic diseases. Whilst the cell biology of the distal respiratory system has been described in great detail, less is known about the proximal upper airway. In this review, we describe the relevant anatomy of the upper airway and discuss the literature detailing the identification and roles of the progenitor cells of these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral J Rouhani
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Carla F Kim
- Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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5
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Fröhlich E. Animals in Respiratory Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2903. [PMID: 38474149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The respiratory barrier, a thin epithelial barrier that separates the interior of the human body from the environment, is easily damaged by toxicants, and chronic respiratory diseases are common. It also allows the permeation of drugs for topical treatment. Animal experimentation is used to train medical technicians, evaluate toxicants, and develop inhaled formulations. Species differences in the architecture of the respiratory tract explain why some species are better at predicting human toxicity than others. Some species are useful as disease models. This review describes the anatomical differences between the human and mammalian lungs and lists the characteristics of currently used mammalian models for the most relevant chronic respiratory diseases (asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary fibrosis, and tuberculosis). The generation of animal models is not easy because they do not develop these diseases spontaneously. Mouse models are common, but other species are more appropriate for some diseases. Zebrafish and fruit flies can help study immunological aspects. It is expected that combinations of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo (mammalian and invertebrate) models will be used in the future for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonore Fröhlich
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, 8010 Graz, Austria
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6
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Cabrera M, Le Pennec D, Le Guellec S, Pardessus J, Ehrmann S, MacLoughlin R, Heuzé-Vourc'h N, Vecellio L. Influence of mesh nebulizer characteristics on aerosol delivery in non-human primates. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 191:106606. [PMID: 37832856 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Non-Human Primates (NHPs) are particularly relevant for preclinical studies during the development of inhaled biologics. However, aerosol inhalation in NHPs is difficult to evaluate due to a low lung deposition fraction and high variability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of mesh nebulizer parameters to improve lung deposition in macaques. We developed a humidified heated and ventilated anatomical 3D printed macaque model of the upper respiratory tract to reduce experiments with animals. The model was compared to in vivo deposition using 2D planar scintigraphy imaging in NHPs and demonstrated good predictivity. Next, the anatomical model was used to evaluate the position of the nebulizer on the mask, the aerosol particle size and the aerosol flow rate on the lung deposition. We showed that placing the mesh-nebulizer in the upper part of the mask and in proximal position to the NHP improved lung delivery prediction. The lower the aerosol size and the lower the aerosol flow rate, the better the predicted aerosol deposition. In particular, for 4.3 ± 0.1 µm in terms of volume mean diameter, we obtained 5.6 % ± 0.2 % % vs 19.2 % ± 2.5 % deposition in the lung model for an aerosol flow rate of 0.4 mL/min vs 0.03 mL/min and achieved 16 % of the nebulizer charge deposited in the lungs of macaques. Despite the improvement of lung deposition efficiency in macaques, its variability remained high (6-21 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cabrera
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Déborah Le Pennec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sandrine Le Guellec
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France; DTF-Aerodrug, Tours, France
| | - Jeoffrey Pardessus
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stephan Ehrmann
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; CHRU de Tours, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, 2 boulevard Tonnellé, Tours, France
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- Research and Development, Science and Emerging Technologies, Aerogen, Galway, Ireland
| | - Nathalie Heuzé-Vourc'h
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- INSERM, Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, U1100, Tours, France; University of Tours, Tours, France.
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7
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Usai C, Mateu L, Brander C, Vergara-Alert J, Segalés J. Animal models to study the neurological manifestations of the post-COVID-19 condition. Lab Anim (NY) 2023; 52:202-210. [PMID: 37620562 PMCID: PMC10462483 DOI: 10.1038/s41684-023-01231-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
More than 40% of individuals infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have experienced persistent or relapsing multi-systemic symptoms months after the onset of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) has debilitating effects on the daily life of patients and encompasses a broad spectrum of neurological and neuropsychiatric symptoms including olfactory and gustative impairment, difficulty with concentration and short-term memory, sleep disorders and depression. Animal models have been instrumental to understand acute COVID-19 and validate prophylactic and therapeutic interventions. Similarly, studies post-viral clearance in hamsters, mice and nonhuman primates inoculated with SARS-CoV-2 have been useful to unveil some of the aspects of PCC. Transcriptomic alterations in the central nervous system, persistent activation of immune cells and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis seem to have a critical role in the neurological manifestations observed in animal models infected with SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, the proinflammatory transcriptomic profile observed in the central nervous system of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated mice partially overlaps with the pathological changes that affect microglia in humans during Alzheimer's disease and aging, suggesting shared mechanisms between these conditions. None of the currently available animal models fully replicates PCC in humans; therefore, multiple models, together with the fine-tuning of experimental conditions, will probably be needed to understand the mechanisms of PCC neurological symptoms. Moreover, given that the intrinsic characteristics of the new variants of concern and the immunological status of individuals might influence PCC manifestations, more studies are needed to explore the role of these factors and their combinations in PCC, adding further complexity to the design of experimental models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Usai
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Lourdes Mateu
- Infectious Disease Service, Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute and Hospital, Badalona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Institute, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
- University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- CIBERINFEC, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Júlia Vergara-Alert
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain
- IRTA Programa de Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Joaquim Segalés
- Unitat Mixta d'Investigació IRTA-UAB en Sanitat Animal, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, Spain.
- Department de Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.
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8
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Nuzul SM, Kartinah NT, Nur BM, Ilyas EII. Preclinical trial of the effectiveness of a safety nasogastric tube to detect the tube position based on tidal volume and pepsin assay results in the gastrointestinal tract of Macaca fascicularis. Biomed Eng Online 2023; 22:70. [PMID: 37443035 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-023-01128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tube misplacement into the tracheobronchial tract is associated with pneumothorax in 0.5% of cases. NGT verification only detects the position of the tube at the end of the procedure. Therefore, a safe nasogastric tube (SNGT) was created to detect the NGT position in real time in a simple and inexpensive way. This study aimed to prove the effectiveness of the SNGT prototype in Macaca fascicularis. RESULT An SNGT producing 50% of the TV had 100% sensitivity and specificity in detecting the position of the tube at 100% of the TV, with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87.5%. There was a significant difference between the movement of the SNGT 50% TV and SNGT 100% TV airbags (p ≤ 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the accuracy of placement of the 50% TV SNGT, 100% TV SNGT, and conventional NGT (p > 0.05). The pepsin enzyme had better sensitivity (100%) than pH paper (91.66%) in detecting the end-of-procedure tube position. This research has the potential to advance into human clinical trials. CONCLUSION SNGTs are highly effective in detecting the NGT position inside the respiratory and digestive tracts to prevent misplacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigit Mohammad Nuzul
- Master's Program in Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
| | - Neng Tine Kartinah
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Busjra M Nur
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah, Jakarta, Indonesia
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9
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Upadhyay P, Wu CW, Pham A, Zeki AA, Royer CM, Kodavanti UP, Takeuchi M, Bayram H, Pinkerton KE. Animal models and mechanisms of tobacco smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2023; 26:275-305. [PMID: 37183431 PMCID: PMC10718174 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2023.2208886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death worldwide, and its global health burden is increasing. COPD is characterized by emphysema, mucus hypersecretion, and persistent lung inflammation, and clinically by chronic airflow obstruction and symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and fatigue in patients. A cluster of pathologies including chronic bronchitis, emphysema, asthma, and cardiovascular disease in the form of hypertension and atherosclerosis variably coexist in COPD patients. Underlying causes for COPD include primarily tobacco use but may also be driven by exposure to air pollutants, biomass burning, and workplace related fumes and chemicals. While no single animal model might mimic all features of human COPD, a wide variety of published models have collectively helped to improve our understanding of disease processes involved in the genesis and persistence of COPD. In this review, the pathogenesis and associated risk factors of COPD are examined in different mammalian models of the disease. Each animal model included in this review is exclusively created by tobacco smoke (TS) exposure. As animal models continue to aid in defining the pathobiological mechanisms of and possible novel therapeutic interventions for COPD, the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Upadhyay
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Ching-Wen Wu
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Alexa Pham
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Amir A. Zeki
- Department of Internal Medicine; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, School of Medicine; University of California, Davis, School of Medicine; U.C. Davis Lung Center; Davis, CA USA
| | - Christopher M. Royer
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Public Health and Integrated Toxicology Division, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA
| | - Minoru Takeuchi
- Department of Animal Medical Science, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hasan Bayram
- Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kent E. Pinkerton
- Center for Health and the Environment, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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10
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Woodrow JS, Sheats MK, Cooper B, Bayless R. Asthma: The Use of Animal Models and Their Translational Utility. Cells 2023; 12:cells12071091. [PMID: 37048164 PMCID: PMC10093022 DOI: 10.3390/cells12071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is characterized by chronic lower airway inflammation that results in airway remodeling, which can lead to a permanent decrease in lung function. The pathophysiology driving the development of asthma is complex and heterogenous. Animal models have been and continue to be essential for the discovery of molecular pathways driving the pathophysiology of asthma and novel therapeutic approaches. Animal models of asthma may be induced or naturally occurring. Species used to study asthma include mouse, rat, guinea pig, cat, dog, sheep, horse, and nonhuman primate. Some of the aspects to consider when evaluating any of these asthma models are cost, labor, reagent availability, regulatory burden, relevance to natural disease in humans, type of lower airway inflammation, biological samples available for testing, and ultimately whether the model can answer the research question(s). This review aims to discuss the animal models most available for asthma investigation, with an emphasis on describing the inciting antigen/allergen, inflammatory response induced, and its translation to human asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Seymour Woodrow
- Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bethanie Cooper
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Rosemary Bayless
- Comparative Medicine Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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11
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Subramaniyan B, Gurung S, Bodas M, Moore AR, Larabee JL, Reuter D, Georgescu C, Wren JD, Myers DA, Papin JF, Walters MS. The Isolation and In Vitro Differentiation of Primary Fetal Baboon Tracheal Epithelial Cells for the Study of SARS-CoV-2 Host-Virus Interactions. Viruses 2023; 15:v15040862. [PMID: 37112842 PMCID: PMC10146425 DOI: 10.3390/v15040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The mucociliary airway epithelium lines the human airways and is the primary site of host-environmental interactions in the lung. Following virus infection, airway epithelial cells initiate an innate immune response to suppress virus replication. Therefore, defining the virus-host interactions of the mucociliary airway epithelium is critical for understanding the mechanisms that regulate virus infection, including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Non-human primates (NHP) are closely related to humans and provide a model to study human disease. However, ethical considerations and high costs can restrict the use of in vivo NHP models. Therefore, there is a need to develop in vitro NHP models of human respiratory virus infection that would allow for rapidly characterizing virus tropism and the suitability of specific NHP species to model human infection. Using the olive baboon (Papio anubis), we have developed methodologies for the isolation, in vitro expansion, cryopreservation, and mucociliary differentiation of primary fetal baboon tracheal epithelial cells (FBTECs). Furthermore, we demonstrate that in vitro differentiated FBTECs are permissive to SARS-CoV-2 infection and produce a potent host innate-immune response. In summary, we have developed an in vitro NHP model that provides a platform for the study of SARS-CoV-2 infection and other human respiratory viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharathiraja Subramaniyan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Sunam Gurung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - Manish Bodas
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Andrew R. Moore
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
| | - Jason L. Larabee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Darlene Reuter
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (C.G.); (J.D.W.)
| | - Dean A. Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (S.G.); (D.A.M.)
| | - James F. Papin
- Division of Comparative Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (D.R.); (J.F.P.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Matthew S. Walters
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (B.S.); (M.B.); (A.R.M.)
- Correspondence:
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12
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Kuoch H, Krotova K, Graham ML, Brantly ML, Aslanidi G. Multiplexing AAV Serotype-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies in Preclinical Animal Models and Humans. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020523. [PMID: 36831059 PMCID: PMC9953293 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The accurate assessment of AAV-specific pre-existing humoral immunity due to natural viral infection is critical for the efficient use of clinical gene therapy. The method described in the present study applies equivalent infection conditions to each AAV serotype (AAV1, AAV2, AAV3, AAV5, AAV6, AAV7, AAV8, AAV9, AAV10, and AAVAnc80L65). In the current study, we validated the assay by assessing AAV-neutralizing antibody titers in a limited cohort of random human donors and well-established preclinical large animal models, including dogs and non-human primates (NHPs). We achieved a rapid and accurate evaluation of neutralizing titers for each individual subject that can be used for clinical enrollment based on specific AAV serotypes and individualized selection of the most suitable AAV serotype for each specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisae Kuoch
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Karina Krotova
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Melanie L. Graham
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
| | - Mark L. Brantly
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - George Aslanidi
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, 801 16th Avenue NE, Austin, MN 55912, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-507-437-9622; Fax: +1-507-437-9606
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13
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Recent advances in ginsenosides against respiratory diseases: Therapeutic targets and potential mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114096. [PMID: 36502752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory diseases mainly include asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary hypertension, lung fibrosis, and lung cancer. Given their high prevalence and poor prognosis, the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases are increasingly essential. In particular, the development for the novel strategies of drug treatment has been a hot topic in the research field. Ginsenosides are the major component of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), a food homology and well-known medicinal herb. In this review, we summarize the current therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ginsenosides in respiratory diseases. METHODS The reviewed studies were retrieved via a thorough analysis of numerous articles using electronic search tools including Sci-Finder, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science. The following keywords were used for the online search: ginsenosides, asthma, influenza, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary hypertension (PH), lung fibrosis, lung cancer, and clinical trials. We summarized the findings and the conclusions from 176 manuscripts on ginsenosides, including research articles and reviews. RESULTS Ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, Rg3, Rh2, and CK, which are the most commonly reported ginsenosides for treating of respiratory diseases, and other ginsenosides such as Rh1, Rk1, Rg5, Rd and Re, all primarily reduce pneumonia, fibrosis, and inhibit tumor progression by targeting NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and JNK pathways, thereby ameliorating respiratory diseases. CONCLUSION This review provides novel ideas and important aspects for the future research of ginsenosides for treating respiratory diseases.
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14
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Cataracts Across the Tree of Life: A Roadmap for Prevention and Biomedical Innovation. Am J Ophthalmol 2023; 249:167-173. [PMID: 36716847 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Spontaneous cataracts have been identified in the lenses of animals across a phylogenetically wide range of species. This can be a source of insights and innovation for human health professionals, but many persons may lack awareness of it. By providing a phylogenetic survey and analysis of species with cataract vulnerability, this paper demonstrates how a broad comparative perspective can provide critical information about environmental hazards to human visual health and can spark potential innovations in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans. DESIGN Perspectives. METHODS Review and synthesis of selected literature with interpretation and perspective. RESULTS We found 273 recorded cases of spontaneously occurring cataracts in 113 species of birds, 83 species of mammals, 30 species of actinopterygii fish, 10 species of amphibians, 6 species of reptiles, and 1 species of cephalopod. CONCLUSION A phylogenetically wide range of species, including many living in and around human environments, are vulnerable to cataracts. These animals may serve as sentinels for human visual health. Variation in cataract vulnerability across species may also facilitate the identification of resistance-conferring physiologies, leading to accelerated innovation in the prevention and treatment of cataracts in humans.
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15
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Li C, Che B, Deng L. Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Carbon Nanomaterials for Diagnosis of Human Respiratory Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 13:12. [PMID: 36671847 PMCID: PMC9855565 DOI: 10.3390/bios13010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, respiratory diseases have increasingly become a global concern, largely due to the outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This inevitably causes great attention to be given to the development of highly efficient and minimal or non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. And electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials show great potential in fulfilling the requirement, not only because of the superior performance of electrochemical analysis, but also given the excellent properties of the carbon nanomaterials. In this paper, we review the most recent advances in research, development and applications of electrochemical biosensors based on the use of carbon nanomaterials for diagnosis of human respiratory diseases in the last 10 years. We first briefly introduce the characteristics of several common human respiratory diseases, including influenza, COVID-19, pulmonary fibrosis, tuberculosis and lung cancer. Then, we describe the working principles and fabrication of various electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials used for diagnosis of these respiratory diseases. Finally, we summarize the advantages, challenges, and future perspectives for the currently available electrochemical biosensors based on carbon nanomaterials for detecting human respiratory diseases.
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16
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Khoury O, Clouse C, McSwain MK, Applegate J, Kock ND, Atala A, Murphy SV. Ferret acute lung injury model induced by repeated nebulized lipopolysaccharide administration. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15400. [PMID: 36268626 PMCID: PMC9585421 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases are caused by a number of factors such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and inhalation of toxins. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a valuable functional methodology for better understanding mechanisms of lung disease, measuring disease progression, clinical diagnosis, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Animal models of inflammatory lung diseases are needed that accurately recapitulate disease manifestations observed in human patients and provide an accurate prediction of clinical outcomes using clinically relevant pulmonary disease parameters. In this study, we evaluated a ferret lung inflammation model that closely represents multiple clinical manifestations of acute lung inflammation and injury observed in human patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was nebulized into ferrets for 7 repeated daily doses. Repeated exposure to nebulized LPS resulted in a restrictive pulmonary injury characterized using Buxco forced maneuver PFT system custom developed for ferrets. This is the first study to report repeated forced maneuver PFT in ferrets, establishing lung function measurements pre- and post-injury in live animals. Bronchoalveolar lavage and histological analysis confirmed that LPS exposure elicited pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and structural damage to the alveoli. We believe this ferret model of lung inflammation, with clinically relevant disease manifestations and parameters for functional evaluation, is a useful pre-clinical model for understanding human inflammatory lung disease and for the evaluation of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Khoury
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cara Clouse
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Malcolm K. McSwain
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Applegate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nancy D. Kock
- Department of Pathology/Comparative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sean V. Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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Kim J, Jozic A, Lin Y, Eygeris Y, Bloom E, Tan X, Acosta C, MacDonald KD, Welsher KD, Sahay G. Engineering Lipid Nanoparticles for Enhanced Intracellular Delivery of mRNA through Inhalation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14792-14806. [PMID: 36038136 PMCID: PMC9939008 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Despite lipid nanoparticles' (LNPs) success in the effective and safe delivery of mRNA vaccines, an inhalation-based mRNA therapy for lung diseases remains challenging. LNPs tend to disintegrate due to shear stress during aerosolization, leading to ineffective delivery. Therefore, LNPs need to remain stable through the process of nebulization and mucus penetration, yet labile enough for endosomal escape. To meet these opposing needs, we utilized PEG lipid to enhance the surficial stability of LNPs with the inclusion of a cholesterol analog, β-sitosterol, to improve endosomal escape. Increased PEG concentrations in LNPs enhanced the shear resistance and mucus penetration, while β-sitosterol provided LNPs with a polyhedral shape, facilitating endosomal escape. The optimized LNPs exhibited a uniform particle distribution, a polyhedral morphology, and a rapid mucosal diffusion with enhanced gene transfection. Inhaled LNPs led to localized protein production in the mouse lung without pulmonary or systemic toxicity. Repeated administration of these LNPs led to sustained protein production in the lungs. Lastly, mRNA encoding the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was delivered after nebulization to a CFTR-deficient animal model, resulting in the pulmonary expression of this therapeutic protein. This study demonstrated the rational design approach for clinical translation of inhalable LNP-based mRNA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghwan Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Antony Jozic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Yuxin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Yulia Eygeris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Elissa Bloom
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Xiaochen Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Christopher Acosta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
| | - Kelvin D. MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Kevin D. Welsher
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Gaurav Sahay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon State University, Portland, OR, 97201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Robertson Life Sciences Building, Oregon Health Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Casey Eye Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
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18
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Vahaji S, Dong J, Tian L, Tu J. Interspecies comparison of heat and mass transfer characteristics in monkey and human nasal cavities. Comput Biol Med 2022; 147:105676. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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19
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Stevens J, Steinmeyer S, Bonfield M, Peterson L, Wang T, Gray J, Lewkowich I, Xu Y, Du Y, Guo M, Wynn JL, Zacharias W, Salomonis N, Miller L, Chougnet C, O’Connor DH, Deshmukh H. The balance between protective and pathogenic immune responses to pneumonia in the neonatal lung is enforced by gut microbiota. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabl3981. [PMID: 35704600 PMCID: PMC10032669 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abl3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although modern clinical practices such as cesarean sections and perinatal antibiotics have improved infant survival, treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics alters intestinal microbiota and causes dysbiosis. Infants exposed to perinatal antibiotics have an increased likelihood of life-threatening infections, including pneumonia. Here, we investigated how the gut microbiota sculpt pulmonary immune responses, promoting recovery and resolution of infection in newborn rhesus macaques. Early-life antibiotic exposure interrupted the maturation of intestinal commensal bacteria and disrupted the developmental trajectory of the pulmonary immune system, as assessed by single-cell proteomic and transcriptomic analyses. Early-life antibiotic exposure rendered newborn macaques more susceptible to bacterial pneumonia, concurrent with increases in neutrophil senescence and hyperinflammation, broad inflammatory cytokine signaling, and macrophage dysfunction. This pathogenic reprogramming of pulmonary immunity was further reflected by a hyperinflammatory signature in all pulmonary immune cell subsets coupled with a global loss of tissue-protective, homeostatic pathways in the lungs of dysbiotic newborns. Fecal microbiota transfer was associated with partial correction of the broad immune maladaptations and protection against severe pneumonia. These data demonstrate the importance of intestinal microbiota in programming pulmonary immunity and support the idea that gut microbiota promote the balance between pathways driving tissue repair and inflammatory responses associated with clinical recovery from infection in infants. Our results highlight a potential role for microbial transfer for immune support in these at-risk infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Stevens
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shelby Steinmeyer
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Madeline Bonfield
- Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Laura Peterson
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy Wang
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Jerilyn Gray
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Ian Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bioinformatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Yina Du
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Minzhe Guo
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - James L. Wynn
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William Zacharias
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Bioinformatics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Lisa Miller
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Claire Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Dennis Hartigan O’Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Division of Neonatology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Corresponding author.
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20
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Natterson-Horowitz B, Boddy AM, Zimmerman D. Female Health Across the Tree of Life: Insights at the Intersection of Women's Health, One Health and Planetary Health. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac044. [PMID: 35668878 PMCID: PMC9154074 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Across the tree of life, female animals share biological characteristics that place them at risk for similar diseases and disorders. Greater awareness of these shared vulnerabilities can accelerate insight and innovation in women's health. We present a broadly comparative approach to female health that can inform issues ranging from mammary, ovarian, and endometrial cancer to preeclampsia, osteoporosis, and infertility. Our focus on female health highlights the interdependence of human, animal, and environmental health. As the boundaries between human and animal environments become blurred, female animals across species are exposed to increasingly similar environmental hazards. As such, the health of female animals has unprecedented relevance to the field of woman's health. Expanding surveillance of animal populations beyond zoonoses to include noncommunicable diseases can strengthen women's health prevention efforts as environmental factors are increasingly implicated in human mortality. The physiology of nonhuman females can also spark innovation in women's health. There is growing interest in those species of which the females appear to have a level of resistance to pathologies that claim millions of human lives every year. These physiologic adaptations highlight the importance of biodiversity to human health. Insights at the intersection of women's health and planetary health can be a rich source of innovations benefitting the health of all animals across the tree of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Natterson-Horowitz
- Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Amy M Boddy
- Arizona Cancer Evolution Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
- Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Dawn Zimmerman
- Director of Wildlife Health, Veterinary Medical Officer, Global Health Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20008, USA
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Disease, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Veterinary Initiative for Endangered Wildlife, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA
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21
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Bolon B, Everitt JI. Selected Resources for Pathology Evaluation of Nonhuman Primates in Nonclinical Safety Assessment. Toxicol Pathol 2022; 50:725-732. [PMID: 35481786 DOI: 10.1177/01926233221091763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) share numerous anatomical and physiological characteristics, thereby explaining the importance of NHPs as essential animal models for translational medicine and nonclinical toxicity testing. Researchers, toxicologic pathologists, toxicologists, and regulatory reviewers must be familiar with normal and abnormal NHP biological traits when designing, performing, and interpreting data sets from NHP studies. The current compilation presents a list of essential books, journal articles, and websites that provide context to safety assessment and research scientists working with NHP models. The resources used most frequently by the authors have been briefly annotated to permit readers to rapidly ascertain their applicability to particular research endeavors. The references are aimed primarily for toxicologic pathologists working with cynomolgus and rhesus macaques and common marmosets in efficacy and safety assessment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey I Everitt
- Duke University, Department of Pathology, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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22
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Nonhuman Primate Models of Ischemic Stroke and Neurological Evaluation After Stroke. J Neurosci Methods 2022; 376:109611. [PMID: 35487315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are closer to human beings than rodents in genetics, neuroanatomy, physiology and immunology. Nonhuman primates are therefore considered an ideal preclinical model to replicate various aspects of human stroke. Ischemia stroke models in nonhuman primates can better fit the physiological symptoms and changes in humans after cerebral ischemia. Currently, various construction methods and neurological evaluation methods have been developed and applied to stroke models of nonhuman primates, including craniectomy models, endovascular stroke models, autologous thrombus models and intraluminal filament models. Meanwhile, new innovative methods have emerged, such as the endothelin-1 model and photothrombosis model. In the past thirty years, these model studies have explored various mechanisms that are initiated in the first minutes, hours, and days after a stroke. Permanent and temporary middle cerebral artery occlusion models have been trying to simulate the complex situation of human stroke. However, a comprehensive comparison of the above methods, including their advantages and disadvantages, difficulty and application fields, is limited. Here, we introduce various modeling methods that are currently available for nonhuman primate stroke models, compare the differences between these different preparation methods, and analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods and the fields of application. The imaging detection methods of nonhuman primates after cerebral ischemia and the neurological evaluation methods after stroke are also discussed briefly. Methods are sorted and compared so that scholars can choose appropriate modeling methods and evaluation methods to establish nonhuman primate stroke models.
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23
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Functional, transcriptional, and microbial shifts associated with healthy pulmonary aging in rhesus macaques. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110725. [PMID: 35443183 PMCID: PMC9096119 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Older individuals are at increased risk of developing severe respiratory infections. However, our understanding of the impact of aging on the respiratory tract remains limited as samples from healthy humans are challenging to obtain and results can be confounded by variables such as smoking and diet. Here, we carry out a comprehensive cross-sectional study (n = 34 adult, n = 49 aged) to define the consequences of aging on the lung using the rhesus macaque model. Pulmonary function testing establishes similar age and sex differences as humans. Additionally, we report increased abundance of alveolar and infiltrating macrophages and a concomitant decrease in T cells were in aged animals. scRNAseq reveals shifts from GRZMB to IFN expressing CD8+ T cells in the lungs. These data provide insight into age-related changes in the lungs’ functional, microbial, and immunological landscape that explain increased prevalence and severity of respiratory diseases in the elderly. Rhoades et al. describe age-associated functional, microbial, and immunological changes in the lung using the rhesus macaque model. These data will support further studies aimed at designing and testing interventions to mitigate the impact of age-associated shifts in the lung environment to reduce age-related pulmonary disease in the elderly.
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24
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Kadur Lakshminarasimha Murthy P, Sontake V, Tata A, Kobayashi Y, Macadlo L, Okuda K, Conchola AS, Nakano S, Gregory S, Miller LA, Spence JR, Engelhardt JF, Boucher RC, Rock JR, Randell SH, Tata PR. Human distal lung maps and lineage hierarchies reveal a bipotent progenitor. Nature 2022; 604:111-119. [PMID: 35355018 PMCID: PMC9169066 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mapping the spatial distribution and molecular identity of constituent cells is essential for understanding tissue dynamics in health and disease. We lack a comprehensive map of human distal airways, including the terminal and respiratory bronchioles (TRBs), which are implicated in respiratory diseases1-4. Here, using spatial transcriptomics and single-cell profiling of microdissected distal airways, we identify molecularly distinct TRB cell types that have not-to our knowledge-been previously characterized. These include airway-associated LGR5+ fibroblasts and TRB-specific alveolar type-0 (AT0) cells and TRB secretory cells (TRB-SCs). Connectome maps and organoid-based co-cultures reveal that LGR5+ fibroblasts form a signalling hub in the airway niche. AT0 cells and TRB-SCs are conserved in primates and emerge dynamically during human lung development. Using a non-human primate model of lung injury, together with human organoids and tissue specimens, we show that alveolar type-2 cells in regenerating lungs transiently acquire an AT0 state from which they can differentiate into either alveolar type-1 cells or TRB-SCs. This differentiation programme is distinct from that identified in the mouse lung5-7. Our study also reveals mechanisms that drive the differentiation of the bipotent AT0 cell state into normal or pathological states. In sum, our findings revise human lung cell maps and lineage trajectories, and implicate an epithelial transitional state in primate lung regeneration and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vishwaraj Sontake
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Aleksandra Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yoshihiko Kobayashi
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Lauren Macadlo
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenichi Okuda
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ansley S Conchola
- Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Satoko Nakano
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Simon Gregory
- Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Lisa A Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - John F Engelhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Richard C Boucher
- Marsico Lung Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jason R Rock
- Department of Immunology Discovery, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott H Randell
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Purushothama Rao Tata
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Duke Regeneration Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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25
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Abstract
Nonhuman primates are critically important animal models in which to study complex human diseases, understand biological functions, and address the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They have genetic, physiologic, immunologic, and developmental similarities when compared to humans and therefore provide important preclinical models of human health and disease. This review highlights select research areas that demonstrate the importance of nonhuman primates in translational research. These include pregnancy and developmental disorders, infectious diseases, gene therapy, somatic cell genome editing, and applications of in vivo imaging. The power of the immune system and our increasing understanding of the role it plays in acute and chronic illnesses are being leveraged to produce new treatments for a range of medical conditions. Given the importance of the human immune system in health and disease, detailed study of the immune system of nonhuman primates is essential to advance preclinical translational research. The need for nonhuman primates continues to remain a high priority, which has been acutely evident during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) global pandemic. Nonhuman primates will continue to address key questions and provide predictive models to identify the safety and efficiency of new diagnostics and therapies for human use across the lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Departments of Pediatrics and Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
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26
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Natterson-Horowitz B, Reynolds A. Beyond the Laboratory: Emerging Landscape of Animal Studies - the Influence of National Academies of Sciences Activities and Publications. ILAR J 2021; 62:310-313. [PMID: 36408937 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Natterson-Horowitz
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Cardiology, University of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Amelia Reynolds
- Marine Ecology and Organismal Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
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27
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Tian L, Dong J, Shang Y, Tu J. Detailed comparison of anatomy and airflow dynamics in human and cynomolgus monkey nasal cavity. Comput Biol Med 2021; 141:105150. [PMID: 34942396 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are occasionally used as laboratory models for sophisticated medical research as they bear the closest resemblance to humans in morphometry and physiological functions. A range of nonhuman primate species have been employed in the inhalation toxicity, nasal drug delivery and respiratory viral infection studies, and they provided valuable insight to disease pathogenesis while other laboratory animals such as rodents cannot recapitulate due to the lesser degree of similarity in metabolism, anatomy and cellular response to that of humans. It is anticipated that nonhuman primate models of respiratory diseases will continue to be instrumental for translating biomedical research for improvement of human health, and the confidence in laboratory data extrapolation between species will play a pivotal role. From the morphometry and flow dynamics point of view, this study performed a detailed comparative analysis between human and a cynomolgus monkey nasal airway, with intention to provide high-fidelity qualitative and quantitative linkage between the two species for more effective laboratory data extrapolation. The study revealed that cynomolgus monkey could be a good human surrogate in nasal inhalation studies; however, care should be given for interspecies data extrapolation as subtle differences in anatomy and airflow dynamics were present between the two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tian
- School of Engineering, Mechanical and Automative, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jingliang Dong
- School of Engineering, Mechanical and Automative, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Yidan Shang
- School of Engineering, Mechanical and Automative, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- School of Engineering, Mechanical and Automative, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
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28
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Mehrabi S, Tanideh N, Hosseinpour R, Irajie C, Yavari Barhaghtalabi MJ. A left lung with four lobes: a new discovery during the thoracotomy for recurrent primary spontaneous pneumothorax. J Cardiothorac Surg 2021; 16:276. [PMID: 34583735 PMCID: PMC8479984 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-021-01651-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The right and left lung anatomy are similar but asymmetrical. The right lung consists of three lobes, and the left lung consists of two lobes. Our study is unique because of discovering a very rare morphological feature of the left lung which has not been reported yet. By the way, we compared two different available chemical agents for pleurodesis (talc and bleomycin) according to side effects, complications, and pneumothorax recurrence. Case presentation We reported a case of bilateral primary spontaneous pneumothorax, who underwent talc slurry and bleomycin pleurodesis at right and left side retrospectively, and then complicate with left-sided recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, so underwent open thoracotomy and was surprisingly and accidentally found to have 4 lobes and 3 fissures in left lung. Conclusion In our case report, there were one main oblique fissure and two accessory fissures which divided the lung into 4 separated lobes, and this discovery in human’s and other animals’ lung anatomy has not been previously reported. In our case study, the talc slurry was more effective in preventing spontaneous pneumothorax recurrence, but with more side effects than bleomycin. We could hypothesize that the morphological variation of the lung might affect spontaneous pneumothorax development and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saadat Mehrabi
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Nader Tanideh
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Stem Cells Research Institute, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Reza Hosseinpour
- Department of General Surgery, Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Cambyz Irajie
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Bliss-Moreau E, Amara RR, Buffalo EA, Colman RJ, Embers ME, Morrison JH, Quillen EE, Sacha JB, Roberts CT. Improving rigor and reproducibility in nonhuman primate research. Am J Primatol 2021; 83:e23331. [PMID: 34541703 PMCID: PMC8629848 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are a critical component of translational/preclinical biomedical research due to the strong similarities between NHP and human physiology and disease pathology. In some cases, NHPs represent the most appropriate, or even the only, animal model for complex metabolic, neurological, and infectious diseases. The increased demand for and limited availability of these valuable research subjects requires that rigor and reproducibility be a prime consideration to ensure the maximal utility of this scarce resource. Here, we discuss a number of approaches that collectively can contribute to enhanced rigor and reproducibility in NHP research. Nonhuman primates (NHP) are a crucial component of biomedical research due to their similarities with human physiology and pathobiology. Increased rigor and reproducibility in NHP research are critical to maximizing the information obtained from this scarce and valuable resource. More widespread adoption of approaches such as normative protocols, preregistration, and data sharing, as well as more extensive training in biostatistics, can enhance rigor and reproducibility in NHP studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Bliss-Moreau
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Rama R Amara
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Buffalo
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ricki J Colman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Monica E Embers
- Division of Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA
| | - John H Morrison
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California, USA.,Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Divisions of Pathobiology and Immunology (JS) and Cardiometabolic Health (CR), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA.,Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Charles T Roberts
- Divisions of Pathobiology and Immunology (JS) and Cardiometabolic Health (CR), Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
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30
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Animal Models Utilized for the Development of Influenza Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9070787. [PMID: 34358203 PMCID: PMC8310120 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models have been an important tool for the development of influenza virus vaccines since the 1940s. Over the past 80 years, influenza virus vaccines have evolved into more complex formulations, including trivalent and quadrivalent inactivated vaccines, live-attenuated vaccines, and subunit vaccines. However, annual effectiveness data shows that current vaccines have varying levels of protection that range between 40–60% and must be reformulated every few years to combat antigenic drift. To address these issues, novel influenza virus vaccines are currently in development. These vaccines rely heavily on animal models to determine efficacy and immunogenicity. In this review, we describe seasonal and novel influenza virus vaccines and highlight important animal models used to develop them.
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31
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Tölgyesi B, Bakker J, Nagy K, Meijer L, van Geest L, Stammes MA. Refined acquisition of high-resolution chest CTs in macaques by free breathing. Lab Anim 2021; 55:551-559. [PMID: 34210186 PMCID: PMC8669209 DOI: 10.1177/00236772211026562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of medical imaging as a non-invasive or minimally invasive method to assess disease or treatment response continues to grow. A similar trend is observed in pre-clinical research, in general, and more specifically in macaques, enabling longitudinal assessment of disease in individual animals. Computed tomography (CT) is such an imaging technique used to obtain clinically applicable data. To acquire a chest CT using a cone beam tomography system, some kind of respiration control is needed. A commonly used technique for this is endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. However, although routinely performed this can increase the risk of impact on welfare in comparison with non-invasive imaging. Therefore, we studied the option of retrospectively gated CTs: acquiring high resolution chest CTs in freely breathing macaques. For this, we compared 748 CTs obtained during free breathing with 881 CTs obtained with mechanical ventilation in combination with a breath-hold procedure predominantly on the appearance of misregistration artifacts. The scans were obtained during different stages of multiple experimentally induced respiratory diseases. The comparison shows that although there are still streaking artifacts present in the retrospective gated scans, the amount of shading artifacts is reduced to such a level that it possibly dominates underlying lesions, causing misdiagnosis. Our data reveal that the use of retrospective gating in high resolution CTs for macaques can be successfully applied. With the use of this technique, artifacts due to free breathing are reduced to a diagnostically appropriate level. Most importantly, this technique makes chest CTs with this instrumentation a non-invasive modality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaco Bakker
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Netherlands
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32
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Lemaitre J, Naninck T, Delache B, Creppy J, Huber P, Holzapfel M, Bouillier C, Contreras V, Martinon F, Kahlaoui N, Pascal Q, Tricot S, Ducancel F, Vecellio L, Le Grand R, Maisonnasse P. Non-human primate models of human respiratory infections. Mol Immunol 2021; 135:147-164. [PMID: 33895579 PMCID: PMC8062575 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory pathogens represent a great burden for humanity and a potential source of new pandemics, as illustrated by the recent emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In recent decades, biotechnological advances have led to the development of numerous innovative therapeutic molecules and vaccine immunogens. However, we still lack effective treatments and vaccines against many respiratory pathogens. More than ever, there is a need for a fast, predictive, preclinical pipeline, to keep pace with emerging diseases. Animal models are key for the preclinical development of disease management strategies. The predictive value of these models depends on their ability to reproduce the features of the human disease, the mode of transmission of the infectious agent and the availability of technologies for monitoring infection. This review focuses on the use of non-human primates as relevant preclinical models for the development of prevention and treatment for human respiratory infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lemaitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Thibaut Naninck
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Benoît Delache
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Justina Creppy
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Huber
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Marion Holzapfel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Camille Bouillier
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Vanessa Contreras
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Martinon
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Nidhal Kahlaoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Quentin Pascal
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Sabine Tricot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Frédéric Ducancel
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Laurent Vecellio
- Centre d'Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires, INSERM U1100, Université de Tours, Tours, France; Plateforme Scientifique et Technique Animaleries (PST-A), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roger Le Grand
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Pauline Maisonnasse
- Université Paris-Saclay, INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Autoimmune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IMVA-HB/IDMIT), Fontenay-aux-Roses & Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.
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33
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Layton D, Burkett K, Marsh GA, Singanallur NB, Barr J, Layton R, Riddell SJ, Brown S, Trinidad L, Au GG, McAuley AJ, Lowther S, Watson J, Vasan SS. Type I Hypersensitivity in Ferrets Following Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 Inoculum: Lessons Learned. ILAR J 2021; 62:232-237. [PMID: 34157067 PMCID: PMC8344777 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report discusses Type I hypersensitivity in ferrets following exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) inoculum, observed during a study investigating the efficacy of candidate COVID-19 vaccines. Following a comprehensive internal root-cause investigation, it was hypothesized that prior prime-boost immunization of ferrets with a commercial canine C3 vaccine to protect against the canine distemper virus had resulted in primary immune response to fetal bovine serum (FBS) in the C3 preparation. Upon intranasal exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus cultured in medium containing FBS, an allergic airway response occurred in 6 out of 56 of the ferrets. The 6 impacted ferrets were randomly dispersed across study groups, including different COVID-19 vaccine candidates, routes of vaccine candidate administration, and controls (placebo). The root-cause investigation and subsequent analysis determined that the allergic reaction was unrelated to the COVID-19 vaccine candidates under evaluation. Histological assessment suggested that the allergic response was characterized by eosinophilic airway disease; increased serum immunoglobulin levels reactive to FBS further suggested this response was caused by immune priming to FBS present in the C3 vaccine. This was further supported by in vivo studies demonstrating ferrets administered diluted FBS also presented clinical signs consistent with a hyperallergic response, while clinical signs were absent in ferrets that received a serum-free SARS-CoV-2 inoculum. It is therefore recommended that vaccine studies in higher order animals should consider the impact of welfare vaccination and use serum-free inoculum whenever possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kathie Burkett
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn A Marsh
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nagendrakumar B Singanallur
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jennifer Barr
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah-Jane Riddell
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheree Brown
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lee Trinidad
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gough G Au
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexander J McAuley
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Lowther
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Watson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seshadri S Vasan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.,University of York, Department of Health Sciences, York, England, UK
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34
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Spruit CM, Nemanichvili N, Okamatsu M, Takematsu H, Boons GJ, de Vries RP. N-Glycolylneuraminic Acid in Animal Models for Human Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2021; 13:815. [PMID: 34062844 PMCID: PMC8147317 DOI: 10.3390/v13050815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The first step in influenza virus infection is the binding of hemagglutinin to sialic acid-containing glycans present on the cell surface. Over 50 different sialic acid modifications are known, of which N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) and N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) are the two main species. Animal models with α2,6 linked Neu5Ac in the upper respiratory tract, similar to humans, are preferred to enable and mimic infection with unadapted human influenza A viruses. Animal models that are currently most often used to study human influenza are mice and ferrets. Additionally, guinea pigs, cotton rats, Syrian hamsters, tree shrews, domestic swine, and non-human primates (macaques and marmosets) are discussed. The presence of NeuGc and the distribution of sialic acid linkages in the most commonly used models is summarized and experimentally determined. We also evaluated the role of Neu5Gc in infection using Neu5Gc binding viruses and cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH)-/- knockout mice, which lack Neu5Gc and concluded that Neu5Gc is unlikely to be a decoy receptor. This article provides a base for choosing an appropriate animal model. Although mice are one of the most favored models, they are hardly naturally susceptible to infection with human influenza viruses, possibly because they express mainly α2,3 linked sialic acids with both Neu5Ac and Neu5Gc modifications. We suggest using ferrets, which resemble humans closely in the sialic acid content, both in the linkages and the lack of Neu5Gc, lung organization, susceptibility, and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy M. Spruit
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.S.); (G.-J.B.)
| | - Nikoloz Nemanichvili
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Masatoshi Okamatsu
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Disease Control, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Hiromu Takematsu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Faculty of Medical Technology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan;
| | - Geert-Jan Boons
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.S.); (G.-J.B.)
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert P. de Vries
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (C.M.S.); (G.-J.B.)
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35
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Abstract
A potential ability of stem cells (SCs) is to regenerate and repair tissues in the human body by providing great prospects for therapeutic applications in the field of medicine. Currently, SC therapy is used in various conditions like diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, etc. but faces some limitations like patient biocompatibility and chances of cross-infection. SCs are further modulated with nanoconjugates to overcome such challenges and will offer an advantage in the treatment of COVID-19. This pandemic requires design and development of proper treatment to save the life of human beings. Advancements in SC-based nanoconjugated therapy will open new avenues and create a significant impact in the development of futuristic nanomedicine. It may also emerge as a potential therapy for the management of infection in patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2 and related diseases such as pneumonia and virus-induced lung injuries. Mechanisms of stem cell-based nanoconjugates for inhibition of replication of corona virus. ![]()
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36
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Koutsakos M, Sekiya T, Chua BY, Nguyen THO, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, Ohno M, Nomura N, Ohara Y, Nishimura T, Endo M, Suzuki S, Ishigaki H, Nakayama M, Nguyen CT, Itoh Y, Shingai M, Ogasawara K, Kino Y, Kent SJ, Jackson DC, Brown LE, Kida H, Kedzierska K. Immune profiling of influenza-specific B- and T-cell responses in macaques using flow cytometry-based assays. Immunol Cell Biol 2020; 99:97-106. [PMID: 32741011 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Influenza remains a significant global public health burden, despite substantial annual vaccination efforts against circulating virus strains. As a result, novel vaccine approaches are needed to generate long-lasting and universal broadly cross-reactive immunity against distinct influenza virus strains and subtypes. Several new vaccine candidates are currently under development and/or in clinical trials. The successful development of new vaccines requires testing in animal models, other than mice, which capture the complexity of the human immune system. Importantly, following vaccination or challenge, the assessment of adaptive immunity at the antigen-specific level is particularly informative. In this study, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from cynomolgus macaques, we describe detection methods and in-depth analyses of influenza virus-specific B cells by recombinant hemagglutinin probes and flow cytometry, as well as the detection of influenza virus-specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells by stimulation with live influenza A virus and intracellular cytokine staining. We highlight the potential of these assays to be used with PBMCs from other macaque species, including rhesus macaques, pigtail macaques and African green monkeys. We also demonstrate the use of a human cytometric bead array kit in detecting inflammatory cytokines and chemokines from cynomolgus macaques to assess cytokine/chemokine milieu. Overall, the detection of influenza virus-specific B and T cells, together with inflammatory responses, as described in our study, provides useful insights for evaluating novel influenza vaccines. Our data deciphering immune responses toward influenza viruses can be also adapted to understanding immunity to other infections or vaccination approaches in macaque models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Toshiki Sekiya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Thi Hoang Oanh Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Marumi Ohno
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Naoki Nomura
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Saori Suzuki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Misako Nakayama
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Cong T Nguyen
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Division of Pathogenesis and Disease Regulation, Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Lorena E Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Collaborating Research Centre for the Control of Infectious Diseases, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Manickam C, Sugawara S, Reeves RK. Friends or foes? The knowns and unknowns of natural killer cell biology in COVID-19 and other coronaviruses in July 2020. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008820. [PMID: 32845937 PMCID: PMC7449465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 575,000 deaths worldwide as of mid-July 2020 and still continues globally unabated. Immune dysfunction and cytokine storm complicate the disease, which in turn leads to the question of whether stimulation or suppression of the immune system would curb the disease. Given the varied antiviral and regulatory functions of natural killer (NK) cells, they could be potent and powerful immune allies in this global fight against COVID-19. Unfortunately, there is somewhat limited knowledge of the role of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infections and even in the related SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV infections. Several NK cell therapeutic options already exist in the treatment of tumor and other viral diseases and could be repurposed against COVID-19. In this review, we describe the current understanding and potential roles of NK cells and other Fc receptor (FcR) effector cells in SARS-CoV-2 infection, advantages of using animals to model COVID-19, and NK cell-based therapeutics that are being investigated for COVID-19 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sho Sugawara
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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38
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Poitout-Belissent F, Grant SN, Tepper JS. Aspiration and Inspiration: Using Bronchoalveolar Lavage for Toxicity Assessment. Toxicol Pathol 2020; 49:386-396. [PMID: 32519581 DOI: 10.1177/0192623320929318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is a simple procedure that is used to investigate drug efficacy or lung toxicity. It is sensitive to lung changes and less invasive than histological evaluation. It can be performed repeatedly at interim time points or as a terminal procedure. Airborne contaminants and purposely inhaled compounds, resident and inflammatory cells, as well as different cellular soluble products can be harvested in bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) and measured. Bronchoalveolar lavage can also be an important tool to understand drug exposure and its metabolism in the lung, although it should be rigorously performed and interpreted with caution, especially in the context of regulated toxicology studies. This review focuses on the methods and uses of BAL in animal research, primarily in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for the assessment of drugs, pollutants, and chemical lung toxicity. Methods of collecting and analyzing BALF and parameters affecting variability are discussed in detail. Improved automated methods for cell counting and analysis of the inflammatory cellular differential using hematology analyzers, common markers of lung injury, and new methodologies are described. Correlation between BALF and histological evaluation should not be considered as repetitive but as complementary assessments in the context of efficacy and toxicity studies.
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Assessing Animal Models of Bacterial Pneumonia Used in Investigational New Drug Applications for the Treatment of Bacterial Pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02242-19. [PMID: 32122895 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02242-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal models of bacterial infection have been widely used to explore the in vivo activity of antibacterial drugs. These data are often submitted to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to support human use in an investigational new drug application (IND). To better understand the range and scientific use of animal models in regulatory submissions, a database was created surveying recent pneumonia models submitted as part of IND application packages. The IND studies were compared to animal models of bacterial pneumonia published in the scientific literature over the same period of time. In this review, we analyze the key experimental design elements, such as animal species, immune status, pathogens selected, and route of administration, and study endpoints.
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40
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Malachowa N, Kobayashi SD, Porter AR, Freedman B, Hanley PW, Lovaglio J, Saturday GA, Gardner DJ, Scott DP, Griffin A, Cordova K, Long D, Rosenke R, Sturdevant DE, Bruno D, Martens C, Kreiswirth BN, DeLeo FR. Vaccine Protection against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection. mBio 2019; 10:e02994-19. [PMID: 31848292 PMCID: PMC6918093 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02994-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human gut communal organism and notorious opportunistic pathogen. The relative high burden of asymptomatic colonization by K. pneumoniae is often compounded by multidrug resistance-a potential problem for individuals with significant comorbidities or other risk factors for infection. A carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain classified as multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258) is widespread in the United States and is usually multidrug resistant. Thus, treatment of ST258 infections is often difficult. Inasmuch as new preventive and/or therapeutic measures are needed for treatment of such infections, we developed an ST258 pneumonia model in cynomolgus macaques and tested the ability of an ST258 capsule polysaccharide type 2 (CPS2) vaccine to moderate disease severity. Compared with sham-vaccinated animals, those vaccinated with ST258 CPS2 had significantly less disease as assessed by radiography 24 h after intrabronchial installation of 108 CFU of ST258. All macaques vaccinated with CPS2 ultimately developed ST258-specific antibodies that significantly enhanced serum bactericidal activity and killing of ST258 by macaque neutrophils ex vivo Consistent with a protective immune response to CPS2, transcripts encoding inflammatory mediators were increased in infected lung tissues obtained from CPS-vaccinated animals compared with control, sham-vaccinated macaques. Taken together, our data provide support for the idea that vaccination with ST258 CPS can be used to prevent or moderate infections caused by ST258. As with studies performed decades earlier, we propose that this prime-boost vaccination approach can be extended to include multiple capsule types.IMPORTANCE Multidrug-resistant bacteria continue to be a major problem worldwide, especially among individuals with significant comorbidities and other risk factors for infection. K. pneumoniae is among the leading causes of health care-associated infections, and the organism is often resistant to multiple classes of antibiotics. A carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain known as multilocus sequence type 258 (ST258) is the predominant carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the health care setting in the United States. Infections caused by ST258 are often difficult to treat and new prophylactic measures and therapeutic approaches are needed. To that end, we developed a lower respiratory tract infection model in cynomolgus macaques in which to test the ability of ST258 CPS to protect against severe ST258 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Malachowa
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Scott D Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Adeline R Porter
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Brett Freedman
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Patrick W Hanley
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Jamie Lovaglio
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Greg A Saturday
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Donald J Gardner
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Dana P Scott
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Kathleen Cordova
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Dan Long
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Rebecca Rosenke
- Rocky Mountain Veterinary Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Daniel E Sturdevant
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Daniel Bruno
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Craig Martens
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Center for Discovery & Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, New Jersey, USA
| | - Frank R DeLeo
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana, USA
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41
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Barreiro E, Wang X, Tang J. COPD: preclinical models and emerging therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:829-838. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1667976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Barreiro
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Health Sciences (CEXS), Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuejie Wang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jun Tang
- Respiratory Medicine Department, Muscle Wasting and Cachexia in Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Lung Cancer Research Group, Institute of Medical Research of Hospital del Mar (IMIM)-Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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42
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Ito R, Maruoka S, Gon Y, Katano I, Takahashi T, Ito M, Izuhara K, Nunomura S. Recent Advances in Allergy Research Using Humanized Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20112740. [PMID: 31167385 PMCID: PMC6600417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20112740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence rates of allergic diseases are increasing worldwide, particularly in industrial countries. To date, many mouse models have been generated for allergy research; studies conducted using these models have suggested the importance of cross-talk between immune cells and tissue-resident non-immune cells in the onset of allergic diseases. However, there are several differences between the immune systems of rodents and humans, and human studies are limited. Thus, mice reconstituted with human immune cells are a novel tool for the preclinical evaluation of the efficacy and safety of developing drugs. Genetic technologies for generating humanized mice have improved markedly in recent years. In this review, we will discuss recent progress in allergy research using humanized mice and introduce our recent humanized mouse model of airway inflammation in human immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Ikumi Katano
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Takahashi
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Mamoru Ito
- Central Institute for Experimental Animals (CIEA), Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan.
| | - Kenji Izuhara
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-0937, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Nunomura
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Saga Medical School, Saga 849-0937, Japan.
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