1
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Luciano A, Robinson L, Garland G, Lyons B, Korstanje R, Di Francesco A, Churchill GA. Longitudinal fragility phenotyping contributes to the prediction of lifespan and age-associated morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred mice. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01226-9. [PMID: 38935230 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01226-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
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2
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Cho S, Jo H, Hwang YJ, Kim C, Jo YH, Yun JW. Potential impact of underlying diseases influencing ADME in nonclinical safety assessment. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 188:114636. [PMID: 38582343 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Nonclinical studies involve in vitro, in silico, and in vivo experiments to assess the toxicokinetics, toxicology, and safety pharmacology of drugs according to regulatory requirements by a national or international authority. In this review, we summarize the potential effects of various underlying diseases governing the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs to consider the use of animal models of diseases in nonclinical trials. Obesity models showed alterations in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and renal pathophysiology, which increase the risk of drug-induced toxicity. Diabetes models displayed changes in hepatic metabolizing enzymes, transporters, and glomerular filtration rates (GFR), leading to variability in drug responses and susceptibility to toxicity. Animal models of advanced age exhibited impairment of drug metabolism and kidney function, thereby reducing the drug-metabolizing capacity and clearance. Along with changes in hepatic metabolic enzymes, animal models of metabolic syndrome-related hypertension showed renal dysfunction, resulting in a reduced GFR and urinary excretion of drugs. Taken together, underlying diseases can induce dysfunction of organs involved in the ADME of drugs, ultimately affecting toxicity. Therefore, the use of animal models of representative underlying diseases in nonclinical toxicity studies can be considered to improve the predictability of drug side effects before clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Cho
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Harin Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Jeong Hwang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changuk Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, 14662, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hyeon Jo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Arellano JI, Duque A, Rakic P. A coming-of-age story: adult neurogenesis or adolescent neurogenesis in rodents? Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1383728. [PMID: 38505771 PMCID: PMC10948509 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1383728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
It is surprising that after more than a century using rodents for scientific research, there are no clear, consensual, or consistent definitions for when a mouse or a rat becomes adult. Specifically, in the field of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, where this concept is central, there is a trend to consider that puberty marks the start of adulthood and is not uncommon to find 30-day-old mice being described as adults. However, as others discussed earlier, this implies an important bias in the perceived importance of this trait because functional studies are normally done at very young ages, when neurogenesis is at its peak, disregarding middle aged and old animals that exhibit very little generation of new neurons. In this feature article we elaborate on those issues and argue that research on the postnatal development of mice and rats in the last 3 decades allows to establish an adolescence period that marks the transition to adulthood, as occurs in other mammals. Adolescence in both rat and mice ends around postnatal day 60 and therefore this age can be considered the onset of adulthood in both species. Nonetheless, to account for inter-individual, inter-strain differences in maturation and for possible delays due to environmental and social conditions, 3 months of age might be a safer option to consider mice and rats bona fide adults, as suggested by The Jackson Labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon I. Arellano
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Alvaro Duque
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Pasko Rakic
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Kavli Institute for Neuroscience at Yale, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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4
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Luciano A, Robinson L, Garland G, Lyons B, Korstanje R, Di Francesco A, Churchill GA. Longitudinal Fragility Phenotyping Predicts Lifespan and Age-Associated Morbidity in C57BL/6 and Diversity Outbred Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.06.579096. [PMID: 38370707 PMCID: PMC10871234 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.06.579096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Aging studies in mammalian models often depend on natural lifespan data as a primary outcome. Tools for lifespan prediction could accelerate these studies and reduce the need for veterinary intervention. Here, we leveraged large-scale longitudinal frailty and lifespan data on two genetically distinct mouse cohorts to evaluate noninvasive strategies to predict life expectancy in mice. We applied a modified frailty assessment, the Fragility Index, derived from existing frailty indices with additional deficits selected by veterinarians. We developed an ensemble machine learning classifier to predict imminent mortality (95% proportion of life lived [95PLL]). Our algorithm represented improvement over previous predictive criteria but fell short of the level of reliability that would be needed to make advanced prediction of lifespan and thus accelerate lifespan studies. Highly sensitive and specific frailty-based predictive endpoint criteria for aged mice remain elusive. While frailty-based prediction falls short as a surrogate for lifespan, it did demonstrate significant predictive power and as such must contain information that could be used to inform the conclusion of aging experiments. We propose a frailty-based measure of healthspan as an alternative target for aging research and demonstrate that lifespan and healthspan criteria reveal distinct aspects of aging in mice.
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5
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Ali R, Sen S, Hameed R, Nazir A, Verma S. Strategies for gaseous neuromodulator release in chemical neuroscience: Experimental approaches and translational validation. J Control Release 2024; 365:132-160. [PMID: 37972768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Gasotransmitters are a group of short-lived gaseous signaling molecules displaying diverse biological functions depending upon their localized concentration. Nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and carbon monoxide (CO) are three important examples of endogenously produced gasotransmitters that play a crucial role in human neurophysiology and pathogenesis. Alterations in their optimal physiological concentrations can lead to various severe pathophysiological consequences, including neurological disorders. Exogenous administration of gasotransmitters has emerged as a prominent therapeutic approach for treating such neurological diseases. However, their gaseous nature and short half-life limit their therapeutic delivery. Therefore, developing synthetic gasotransmitter-releasing strategies having control over the release and duration of these gaseous molecules has become imperative. However, the complex chemistry of synthesis and the challenges of specific quantified delivery of these gases, make their therapeutic application a challenging task. This review article provides a focused overview of emerging strategies for delivering gasotransmitters in a controlled and sustained manner to re-establish neurophysiological homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafat Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Shantanu Sen
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India
| | - Rohil Hameed
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Division of Neuroscience and Ageing Biology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, UP, India.
| | - Sandeep Verma
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Center for Nanoscience, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India; Mehta Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, UP, India.
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6
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Newman LE, Testard C, DeCasien AR, Chiou KL, Watowich MM, Janiak MC, Pavez-Fox MA, Sanchez Rosado MR, Cooper EB, Costa CE, Petersen RM, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Brent LJN, Snyder-Mackler N, Higham JP. The biology of aging in a social world: Insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 154:105424. [PMID: 37827475 PMCID: PMC10872885 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Social adversity can increase the age-associated risk of disease and death, yet the biological mechanisms that link social adversities to aging remain poorly understood. Long-term naturalistic studies of nonhuman animals are crucial for integrating observations of social behavior throughout an individual's life with detailed anatomical, physiological, and molecular measurements. Here, we synthesize the body of research from one such naturalistic study system, Cayo Santiago, which is home to the world's longest continuously monitored free-ranging population of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). We review recent studies of age-related variation in morphology, gene regulation, microbiome composition, and immune function. We also discuss ecological and social modifiers of age-markers in this population. In particular, we summarize how a major natural disaster, Hurricane Maria, affected rhesus macaque physiology and social structure and highlight the context-dependent and domain-specific nature of aging modifiers. Finally, we conclude by providing directions for future study, on Cayo Santiago and elsewhere, that will further our understanding of aging across different domains and how social adversity modifies aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Newman
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Camille Testard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Alex R DeCasien
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth L Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Marina M Watowich
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mareike C Janiak
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa A Pavez-Fox
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | - Eve B Cooper
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina E Costa
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel M Petersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael J Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren J N Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - James P Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, NY, USA; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY, USA
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7
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Garg KM, Lamba V, Sanyal A, Dovih P, Chattopadhyay B. Next Generation Sequencing Revolutionizes Organismal Biology Research in Bats. J Mol Evol 2023:10.1007/s00239-023-10107-2. [PMID: 37154841 PMCID: PMC10166039 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10107-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The advent of next generation sequencing technologies (NGS) has greatly accelerated our understanding of critical aspects of organismal biology from non-model organisms. Bats form a particularly interesting group in this regard, as genomic data have helped unearth a vast spectrum of idiosyncrasies in bat genomes associated with bat biology, physiology, and evolution. Bats are important bioindicators and are keystone species to many eco-systems. They often live in proximity to humans and are frequently associated with emerging infectious diseases, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Nearly four dozen bat genomes have been published to date, ranging from drafts to chromosomal level assemblies. Genomic investigations in bats have also become critical towards our understanding of disease biology and host-pathogen coevolution. In addition to whole genome sequencing, low coverage genomic data like reduced representation libraries, resequencing data, etc. have contributed significantly towards our understanding of the evolution of natural populations, and their responses to climatic and anthropogenic perturbations. In this review, we discuss how genomic data have enhanced our understanding of physiological adaptations in bats (particularly related to ageing, immunity, diet, etc.), pathogen discovery, and host pathogen co-evolution. In comparison, the application of NGS towards population genomics, conservation, biodiversity assessment, and functional genomics has been appreciably slower. We reviewed the current areas of focus, identifying emerging topical research directions and providing a roadmap for future genomic studies in bats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritika M Garg
- Centre for Interdisciplinay Archaeological Research, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
- Department of Biology, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
- Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability (3CS), Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
| | - Vinita Lamba
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
- J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR72701, USA
| | - Avirup Sanyal
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
- Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
| | - Pilot Dovih
- Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability (3CS), Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India
- Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, 560065, India
- School of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Sastra University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, 613401, India
| | - Balaji Chattopadhyay
- Centre for Climate Change and Sustainability (3CS), Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
- Trivedi School of Biosciences, Ashoka University, Sonipat, Haryana, 131029, India.
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8
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Newman LE, Testard C, DeCasien AR, Chiou KL, Watowich MM, Janiak MC, Pavez-Fox MA, Rosado MRS, Cooper EB, Costa CE, Petersen RM, Montague MJ, Platt ML, Brent LJ, Snyder-Mackler N, Higham JP. The biology of aging in a social world:insights from free-ranging rhesus macaques. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.28.525893. [PMID: 36747827 PMCID: PMC9900930 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.28.525893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Social adversity can increase the age-associated risk of disease and death, yet the biological mechanisms that link social adversities to aging remain poorly understood. Long-term naturalistic studies of nonhuman animals are crucial for integrating observations of social behavior throughout an individual's life with detailed anatomical, physiological, and molecular measurements. Here, we synthesize the body of research from one such naturalistic study system, Cayo Santiago Island, which is home to the world's longest continuously monitored free-ranging population of rhesus macaques. We review recent studies of age-related variation in morphology, gene regulation, microbiome composition, and immune function. We also discuss ecological and social modifiers of age-markers in this population. In particular, we summarize how a major natural disaster, Hurricane Maria, affected rhesus macaque physiology and social structure and highlight the context-dependent and domain-specific nature of aging modifiers. Finally, we conclude by providing directions for future study, on Cayo Santiago and elsewhere, that will further our understanding of aging across different domains and how social adversity modifies aging processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E. Newman
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
| | - Camille Testard
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alex R. DeCasien
- Section on Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institutes of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth L. Chiou
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Marina M. Watowich
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mareike C. Janiak
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Eve B. Cooper
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
| | - Christina E. Costa
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
| | - Rachel M. Petersen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Michael J. Montague
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L. Platt
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren J.N. Brent
- Centre for Research in Animal Behaviour, University of Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Noah Snyder-Mackler
- Center for Evolution and Medicine, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - James P. Higham
- Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, New York, USA
- The New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology (NYCEP), New York, New York, USA
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9
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Cheng KYK, Bao Z, Long Y, Liu C, Huang T, Cui C, Chow SKH, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. Sarcopenia and Ageing. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:95-120. [PMID: 37120466 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal ageing is a major health challenge as muscles and bones constitute around 55-60% of body weight. Ageing muscles will result in sarcopenia that is characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes. In recent years, a few consensus panels provide new definitions for sarcopenia. It was officially recognized as a disease in 2016 with an ICD-10-CM disease code, M62.84, in the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). With the new definitions, there are many studies emerging to investigate the pathogenesis of sarcopenia, exploring new interventions to treat sarcopenia and evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments for sarcopenia. The scope of this chapter is to summarize and appraise the evidence in terms of (1) clinical signs, symptoms, screening, and diagnosis, (2) pathogenesis of sarcopenia with emphasis on mitochondrial dysfunction, intramuscular fat infiltration and neuromuscular junction deterioration, and (3) current treatments with regard to physical exercises and nutritional supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Yu-Kin Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Division of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yufeng Long
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoran Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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10
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Ghanemi A, Yoshioka M, St-Amand J. Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine as an Exercise-Induced Gene: Towards Novel Molecular Therapies for Immobilization-Related Muscle Atrophy in Elderly Patients. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061014. [PMID: 35741776 PMCID: PMC9223229 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long periods of immobilization, among other etiologies, would result is muscle atrophy. Exercise is the best approach to reverse this atrophy. However, the limited or the non-ability to perform the required physical activity for such patients and the limited pharmacological options make developing novel therapeutic approaches a necessity. Within this context, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) has been characterized as an exercise-induced gene. Whereas the knock-out of this gene leads to a phenotype that mimics number of the ageing-induced and sarcopenia-related changes including muscle atrophy, overexpressing SPARC in mice or adding it to muscular cell culture produces similar effects as exercise including enhanced muscle mass, strength and metabolism. Therefore, this piece of writing aims to provide evidence supporting the potential use of SPARC/SPARC as a molecular therapy for muscle atrophy in the context of immobilization especially for elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelaziz Ghanemi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Mayumi Yoshioka
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
| | - Jonny St-Amand
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Endocrinology and Nephrology Axis, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(418)-654-2296
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11
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Micro-computed tomography assessment of bone structure in aging mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8117. [PMID: 35581227 PMCID: PMC9114112 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11965-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-resolution computed tomography (CT) is widely used to assess bone structure under physiological and pathological conditions. Although the analytic protocols and parameters for micro-CT (μCT) analyses in mice are standardized for long bones, vertebrae, and the palms in aging mice, they have not yet been established for craniofacial bones. In this study, we conducted a morphometric assessment of craniofacial bones, in comparison with long bones, in aging mice. Although age-related changes were observed in the microarchitecture of the femur, tibia, vertebra, and basisphenoid bone, and were more pronounced in females than in males, the microarchitecture of both the interparietal bone and body of the mandible, which develop by intramembranous ossification, was less affected by age and sex. By contrast, the condyle of the mandible was more affected by aging in males compared to females. Taken together, our results indicate that mouse craniofacial bones are uniquely affected by age and sex.
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12
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Chen Z, Raj A, Prateek GV, Di Francesco A, Liu J, Keyes BE, Kolumam G, Jojic V, Freund A. Automated, high-dimensional evaluation of physiological aging and resilience in outbred mice. eLife 2022; 11:e72664. [PMID: 35404230 PMCID: PMC9000950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavior and physiology are essential readouts in many studies but have not benefited from the high-dimensional data revolution that has transformed molecular and cellular phenotyping. To address this, we developed an approach that combines commercially available automated phenotyping hardware with a systems biology analysis pipeline to generate a high-dimensional readout of mouse behavior/physiology, as well as intuitive and health-relevant summary statistics (resilience and biological age). We used this platform to longitudinally evaluate aging in hundreds of outbred mice across an age range from 3 months to 3.4 years. In contrast to the assumption that aging can only be measured at the limits of animal ability via challenge-based tasks, we observed widespread physiological and behavioral aging starting in early life. Using network connectivity analysis, we found that organism-level resilience exhibited an accelerating decline with age that was distinct from the trajectory of individual phenotypes. We developed a method, Combined Aging and Survival Prediction of Aging Rate (CASPAR), for jointly predicting chronological age and survival time and showed that the resulting model is able to predict both variables simultaneously, a behavior that is not captured by separate age and mortality prediction models. This study provides a uniquely high-resolution view of physiological aging in mice and demonstrates that systems-level analysis of physiology provides insights not captured by individual phenotypes. The approach described here allows aging, and other processes that affect behavior and physiology, to be studied with improved throughput, resolution, and phenotypic scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghao Chen
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Anil Raj
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - GV Prateek
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Andrea Di Francesco
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Justin Liu
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Brice E Keyes
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Ganesh Kolumam
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Vladimir Jojic
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
| | - Adam Freund
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San FranciscoSouth San FranciscoUnited States
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13
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Ong JS, Lew LC, Hor YY, Liong MT. Probiotics: The Next Dietary Strategy against Brain Aging. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2022; 27:1-13. [PMID: 35465109 PMCID: PMC9007707 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2022.27.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to their long history of safe use, probiotic microorganisms, typically from the genus Lactobacillus, have long been recognized, especially in traditional and fermented food industries. Although conventionally used for dairy, meat, and vegetable fermentation, the use of probiotics in health foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals has gradually increased. Over the past two decades, the importance of probiotics in improving gut health and immunity as well as alleviating metabolic diseases has been recognized. The new concept of a gut-heart-brain axis has led to the development of various innovations and strategies related to the introduction of probiotics in food and diet. Probiotics influence gut microbiota profiles, inflammation, and disorders and directly impact brain neurotransmitter pathways. As brain health often declines with age, the concept of probiotics being beneficial for the aging brain has also gained much momentum and emphasis in both research and product development. In this review, the concept of the aging brain, different in vivo aging models, and various aging-related benefits of probiotics are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Sin Ong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
| | - Lee-Ching Lew
- Probionic Corporation, Jeonbuk Institute for Food-Bioindustry, Jeonbuk 54810, Korea
| | - Yan-Yan Hor
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongbuk 38541, Korea
| | - Min-Tze Liong
- School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
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14
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Mytidou C, Koutsoulidou A, Zachariou M, Prokopi M, Kapnisis K, Spyrou GM, Anayiotos A, Phylactou LA. Age-Related Exosomal and Endogenous Expression Patterns of miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206 in Skeletal Muscles. Front Physiol 2021; 12:708278. [PMID: 34867435 PMCID: PMC8637414 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.708278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle growth and maintenance depend on two tightly regulated processes, myogenesis and muscle regeneration. Both processes involve a series of crucial regulatory molecules including muscle-specific microRNAs, known as myomiRs. We recently showed that four myomiRs, miR-1, miR-133a, miR-133b, and miR-206, are encapsulated within muscle-derived exosomes and participate in local skeletal muscle communication. Although these four myomiRs have been extensively studied for their function in muscles, no information exists regarding their endogenous and exosomal levels across age. Here we aimed to identify any age-related changes in the endogenous and muscle-derived exosomal myomiR levels during acute skeletal muscle growth. The four endogenous and muscle-derived myomiRs were investigated in five skeletal muscles (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and quadriceps) of 2-week–1-year-old wild-type male mice. The expression of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b was found to increase rapidly until adolescence in all skeletal muscles, whereas during adulthood it remained relatively stable. By contrast, endogenous miR-206 levels were observed to decrease with age in all muscles, except for soleus. Differential expression of the four myomiRs is also inversely reflected on the production of two protein targets; serum response factor and connexin 43. Muscle-derived exosomal miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-133b levels were found to increase until the early adolescence, before reaching a plateau phase. Soleus was found to be the only skeletal muscle to release exosomes enriched in miR-206. In this study, we showed for the first time an in-depth longitudinal analysis of the endogenous and exosomal levels of the four myomiRs during skeletal muscle development. We showed that the endogenous expression and extracellular secretion of the four myomiRs are associated to the function and size of skeletal muscles as the mice age. Overall, our findings provide new insights for the myomiRs’ significant role in the first year of life in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystalla Mytidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andrie Koutsoulidou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Margarita Zachariou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Marianna Prokopi
- Theramir Ltd., Limassol, Cyprus.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Konstantinos Kapnisis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - George M Spyrou
- Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Bioinformatics Department, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Anayiotos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Leonidas A Phylactou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Function and Therapy, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus.,Cyprus School of Molecular Medicine, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
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15
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Tsantilas KA, Cleghorn WM, Bisbach CM, Whitson JA, Hass DT, Robbings BM, Sadilek M, Linton JD, Rountree AM, Valencia AP, Sweetwyne MT, Campbell MD, Zhang H, Jankowski CSR, Sweet IR, Marcinek DJ, Rabinovitch PS, Hurley JB. An Analysis of Metabolic Changes in the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium of Aging Mice. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:20. [PMID: 34797906 PMCID: PMC8606884 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.14.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to present our hypothesis that aging alters metabolic function in ocular tissues. We tested the hypothesis by measuring metabolism in aged murine tissues alongside retinal responses to light. Methods Scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG) responses in young (3–6 months) and aged (23–26 months) C57Bl/6J mice were recorded. Metabolic flux in retina and eyecup explants was quantified using U-13C-glucose or U-13C-glutamine with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), O2 consumption rate (OCR) in a perifusion apparatus, and quantifying adenosine triphosphatase (ATP) with a bioluminescence assay. Results Scotopic and photopic ERG responses were reduced in aged mice. Glucose metabolism, glutamine metabolism, OCR, and ATP pools in retinal explants were mostly unaffected in aged mice. In eyecups, glutamine usage in the Krebs Cycle decreased while glucose metabolism, OCR, and ATP pools remained stable. Conclusions Our examination of metabolism showed negligible impact of age on retina and an impairment of glutamine anaplerosis in eyecups. The metabolic stability of these tissues ex vivo suggests age-related metabolic alterations may not be intrinsic. Future experiments should focus on determining whether external factors including nutrient supply, oxygen availability, or structural changes influence ocular metabolism in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine A Tsantilas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Whitney M Cleghorn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Celia M Bisbach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jeremy A Whitson
- Department of Biology, Davidson College, Davidson, North Carolina, United States
| | - Daniel T Hass
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Brian M Robbings
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Martin Sadilek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jonathan D Linton
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Austin M Rountree
- UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ana P Valencia
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Mariya T Sweetwyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Matthew D Campbell
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Huiliang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Connor S R Jankowski
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States.,Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States
| | - Ian R Sweet
- UW Diabetes Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - David J Marcinek
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Peter S Rabinovitch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - James B Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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16
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Roy S, Sleiman MB, Jha P, Ingels JF, Chapman CJ, McCarty MS, Ziebarth JD, Hook M, Sun A, Zhao W, Huang J, Neuner SM, Wilmott LA, Shapaker TM, Centeno AG, Ashbrook DG, Mulligan MK, Kaczorowski CC, Makowski L, Cui Y, Read RW, Miller RA, Mozhui K, Williams EG, Sen S, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Gene-by-environment modulation of lifespan and weight gain in the murine BXD family. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1217-1227. [PMID: 34552269 PMCID: PMC8478125 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
How lifespan and body weight vary as a function of diet and genetic differences is not well understood. Here we quantify the impact of differences in diet on lifespan in a genetically diverse family of female mice, split into matched isogenic cohorts fed a low-fat chow diet (CD, n = 663) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 685). We further generate key metabolic data in a parallel cohort euthanized at four time points. HFD feeding shortens lifespan by 12%: equivalent to a decade in humans. Initial body weight and early weight gains account for longevity differences of roughly 4-6 days per gram. At 500 days, animals on a HFD typically gain four times as much weight as control, but variation in weight gain does not correlate with lifespan. Classic serum metabolites, often regarded as health biomarkers, are not necessarily strong predictors of longevity. Our data indicate that responses to a HFD are substantially modulated by gene-by-environment interactions, highlighting the importance of genetic variation in making accurate individualized dietary recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pooja Jha
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jesse F Ingels
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Casey J Chapman
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Melinda S McCarty
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jesse D Ziebarth
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Anna Sun
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Wenyuan Zhao
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jinsong Huang
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Sarah M Neuner
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lynda A Wilmott
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas M Shapaker
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Arthur G Centeno
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David G Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Megan K Mulligan
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | - Liza Makowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Robert W Read
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Geriatrics Center, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Saunak Sen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center (UTHSC), Memphis, TN, USA.
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17
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Lima Verde MEQ, Ferreira-Júnior AEC, de Barros-Silva PG, Miguel EDC, Mathor MB, Lima-Júnior EM, de Moraes-Filho MO, Alves APNN. Nile tilapia skin (Oreochromis niloticus) for burn treatment: ultrastructural analysis and quantitative assessment of collagen. Acta Histochem 2021; 123:151762. [PMID: 34332229 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2021.151762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin is a well-known biomaterial used as an occlusive dressing for burn treatment. It is also an inexpensive and important source of collagen. This study aims to describe the ultrastructural aspects of Nile tilapia skin, assess its collagen amount and organization, and compare quantitative methods of histochemical and immunohistochemical analysis (in all sterilization steps for use in burn dressings). One sample (0.5 × 0.5 cm) of ten different fish skins was divided in four groups: in natura skin (IN), chemical sterilization (CH), additional irradiation (30 kGy) (IR), and skins used in burn treatment (BT) to compare histochemical and immunohistochemical findings of collagen amount and describe ultrastructural aspects through scanning electron microscopy. The amount of type I collagen decreased during sterilization and clinical use owing to gradual reduction of immunostaining (anti-collagen-I) and decreasing fiber thickness of the collagen, when compared to type III (Picrosirius-red-polarized light). The collagen fibers were rearranged at each sterilization step, with a low collagen percentage and large structural disorganization in BT. The amount of type-I collagen was further reduced after BT (p < 0.05). Both the methods did not exhibit a quantified value difference (p = 0.247), and a positive correlation (r = 0.927; 95 % CI = 0.720-0.983) was observed between them, with concordance for collagen quantification in similar samples, presenting a low systematic error rate (Dalberg coefficient: 6.70). A significant amount of type-I collagen is still observed despite sterilization, although clinical application further reduces type I collagen. Its quantification can be performed both by immunohistochemistry and/or Picrosirius Red reliably.
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18
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Yamauchi Y, Ferdousi F, Fukumitsu S, Isoda H. Maslinic Acid Attenuates Denervation-Induced Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13092950. [PMID: 34578826 PMCID: PMC8468537 DOI: 10.3390/nu13092950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maslinic acid (MA) is a pentacyclic triterpene abundant in olive peels. MA reportedly increases skeletal muscle mass and strength in older adults; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of MA on denervated muscle atrophy and strength and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Mice were fed either a control diet or a 0.27% MA diet. One week after intervention, the sciatic nerves of both legs were cut to induce muscle atrophy. Mice were examined 14 days after denervation. MA prevented the denervation-induced reduction in gastrocnemius muscle mass and skeletal muscle strength. Microarray gene expression profiling in gastrocnemius muscle demonstrated several potential mechanisms for muscle maintenance. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) revealed different enriched biological processes, such as myogenesis, PI3/AKT/mTOR signaling, TNFα signaling via NF-κB, and TGF-β signaling in MA-treated mice. In addition, qPCR data showed that MA induced Igf1 expression and suppressed the expressions of Atrogin-1, Murf1 and Tgfb. Altogether, our results suggest the potential of MA as a new therapeutic and preventive dietary ingredient for muscular atrophy and strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Yamauchi
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.F.)
- Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
| | - Farhana Ferdousi
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.F.)
- Central Research Laboratory Innovation Center, Nippn Corporation, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka, Atsugi 243-0041, Japan
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Isoda
- Tsukuba Life Science Innovation Program (T-LSI), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan; (Y.Y.); (S.F.)
- Alliance for Research on the Mediterranean and North Africa (ARENA), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan;
- AIST-University of Tsukuba Open Innovation Laboratory for Food and Medicinal Resource Engineering (FoodMed-OIL), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8550, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-298-53-5775
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19
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Advanced Glycation End Products Are Retained in Decellularized Muscle Matrix Derived from Aged Skeletal Muscle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168832. [PMID: 34445538 PMCID: PMC8396213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Decellularized tissues are biocompatible materials that engraft well, but the age of their source has not been explored for clinical translation. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are chemical cross-links that accrue on skeletal muscle collagen in old age, stiffening the matrix and increasing inflammation. Whether decellularized biomaterials derived from aged muscle would suffer from increased AGE collagen cross-links is unknown. We characterized gastrocnemii of 1-, 2-, and 20-month-old C57BL/6J mice before and after decellularization to determine age-dependent changes to collagen stiffness and AGE cross-linking. Total and soluble collagen was measured to assess if age-dependent increases in collagen and cross-linking persisted in decellularized muscle matrix (DMM). Stiffness of aged DMM was determined using atomic force microscopy. AGE levels and the effect of an AGE cross-link breaker, ALT-711, were tested in DMM samples. Our results show that age-dependent increases in collagen amount, cross-linking, and general stiffness were observed in DMM. Notably, we measured increased AGE-specific cross-links within old muscle, and observed that old DMM retained AGE cross-links using ALT-711 to reduce AGE levels. In conclusion, deleterious age-dependent modifications to collagen are present in DMM from old muscle, implying that age matters when sourcing skeletal muscle extracellular matrix as a biomaterial.
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20
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Arezoumandan S, Cai X, Kalkarni P, Davis SA, Wilson K, Ferris CF, Cairns NJ, Gitcho MA. Hippocampal neurobiology and function in an aged mouse model of TDP-43 proteinopathy in an APP/PSEN1 background. Neurosci Lett 2021; 758:136010. [PMID: 34090937 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a major risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia worldwide. TDP-43 proteinopathy is reported to be associated with AD pathology is almost 50% of cases. Our exploratory study examined near end-stage (28 months old) mice selectively driving expression of human TDP-43 in the hippocampus and cortex in an APP/PSEN1 background. We hypothesized that hippocampal neuropathology caused by β-amyloidosis with TDP-43 proteinopathy induced in this model, resembling the pathology seen in AD cases, manifest with changes in resting state functional connectivity. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and post-mortem histology were performed on four genotypes: wild type, APP/PSEN1, Camk2a/TDP-43, and Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1. Our results revealed loss of functional coupling in hippocampus and amygdala that was associated with severe neuronal loss in dentate gyrus of Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to APP/PSEN1 and wild type mice. The loss of cells was accompanied by high background of β-amyloid plaques with sparse phosphorylated TDP-43 pathology. The survival rate was also reduced in Camk2a/TDP-43/APP/PSEN1 mice compared to other groups. This end-of-life study provides exploratory data to reach a better understanding of the role of TDP-43 hippocampal neuropathology in diseases with co-pathologies of TDP-43 proteinopathy and β-amyloidosis such as AD and limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Arezoumandan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Xuezhu Cai
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Praveen Kalkarni
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephani A Davis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Katherine Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Translational NeuroImaging, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nigel J Cairns
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Michael A Gitcho
- Department of Biological Sciences, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA; Delaware Center for Neuroscience Research, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA.
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21
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Zhang F, Kerbl-Knapp J, Akhmetshina A, Korbelius M, Kuentzel KB, Vujić N, Hörl G, Paar M, Kratky D, Steyrer E, Madl T. Tissue-Specific Landscape of Metabolic Dysregulation during Ageing. Biomolecules 2021; 11:235. [PMID: 33562384 PMCID: PMC7914945 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of ageing. To understand the metabolic changes that occur as a consequence of the ageing process and to find biomarkers for age-related diseases, we conducted metabolomic analyses of the brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung and spleen in young (9-10 weeks) and old (96-104 weeks) wild-type mice [mixed genetic background of 129/J and C57BL/6] using NMR spectroscopy. We found differences in the metabolic fingerprints of all tissues and distinguished several metabolites to be altered in most tissues, suggesting that they may be universal biomarkers of ageing. In addition, we found distinct tissue-clustered sets of metabolites throughout the organism. The associated metabolic changes may reveal novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of ageing and age-related diseases. Moreover, the identified metabolite biomarkers could provide a sensitive molecular read-out to determine the age of biologic tissues and organs and to validate the effectiveness and potential off-target effects of senolytic drug candidates on both a systemic and tissue-specific level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangrong Zhang
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Jakob Kerbl-Knapp
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Alena Akhmetshina
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Melanie Korbelius
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Katharina Barbara Kuentzel
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Nemanja Vujić
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Gerd Hörl
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Margret Paar
- Otto-Loewi Research Center, Physiological Chemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (G.H.); (M.P.)
| | - Dagmar Kratky
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Ernst Steyrer
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Ageing, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (F.Z.); (J.K.-K.); (A.A.); (M.K.); (K.B.K.); (N.V.); (D.K.); (E.S.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
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22
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McQuail JA, Dunn AR, Stern Y, Barnes CA, Kempermann G, Rapp PR, Kaczorowski CC, Foster TC. Cognitive Reserve in Model Systems for Mechanistic Discovery: The Importance of Longitudinal Studies. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 12:607685. [PMID: 33551788 PMCID: PMC7859530 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.607685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of this review article is to provide a resource for longitudinal studies, using animal models, directed at understanding and modifying the relationship between cognition and brain structure and function throughout life. We propose that forthcoming longitudinal studies will build upon a wealth of knowledge gleaned from prior cross-sectional designs to identify early predictors of variability in cognitive function during aging, and characterize fundamental neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the vulnerability to, and the trajectory of, cognitive decline. Finally, we present examples of biological measures that may differentiate mechanisms of the cognitive reserve at the molecular, cellular, and network level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A McQuail
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Neuroscience, University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Carol A Barnes
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Gerd Kempermann
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (HZ), Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter R Rapp
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Neurocognitive Aging Section, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Thomas C Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Genetics and Genomics Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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23
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Christian CJ, Benian GM. Animal models of sarcopenia. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13223. [PMID: 32857472 PMCID: PMC7576270 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related decline in muscle mass and function without any underlying disease. The exact molecular mechanisms responsible for this pathology remain unknown. The use of model organisms, such as mice, rats, flies, and worms, has advanced the field of sarcopenia research by identifying therapeutic strategies and genetic mutations that result in improved muscle mass and function of elderly animals. This review discusses molecular and therapeutic discoveries made using these model organisms and how these animals can be further utilized to better understand sarcopenia pathogenesis. In rodents, flies, and worms, dietary restriction improves muscle performance in old animals. In rodents and worms, exercise and a number of naturally occurring compounds alleviate sarcopenia. Reduction in the insulin/IGF1 receptor pathway, well known to promote longevity, improves sarcopenia in worms and flies. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to the pathogenesis of sarcopenia: In rodents, there is age-dependent reduction in mitochondrial mass and a change in morphology; in nematodes, there is age-dependent fragmentation of mitochondria that precedes sarcomeric disorganization. In Drosophila and rats, components of the 26S proteasome are elevated in aged muscle. An advantage of the worm and fly models is that these organisms lack muscle stem cells, and thus processes that promote the maintenance of already assembled muscle, can be identified without the confounding influence of muscle regeneration. Zebrafish are an up and coming model of sarcopenia for future consideration. A better understanding of the molecular changes behind sarcopenia will help researchers develop better therapies to improve the muscle health of elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guy M. Benian
- Department of Pathology Emory University Atlanta Georgia USA
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24
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Sandoval‐Sierra JV, Helbing AHB, Williams EG, Ashbrook DG, Roy S, Williams RW, Mozhui K. Body weight and high-fat diet are associated with epigenetic aging in female members of the BXD murine family. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13207. [PMID: 32790008 PMCID: PMC7511861 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation (DNAm) is shaped by genetic and environmental factors and modulated by aging. Here, we examine interrelations between epigenetic aging, body weight (BW), and life span in 12 isogenic strains from the BXD family of mice that exhibit over twofold variation in longevity. Genome-wide DNAm was assayed in 70 liver specimens from predominantly female cases, 6-25 months old, that were maintained on normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD). We defined subsets of CpG regions associated with age, BW at young adulthood, and strain-by-diet-dependent life span. These age-associated differentially methylated CpG regions (age-DMRs) featured distinct genomic characteristics, with DNAm gains over time occurring in sites such as promoters and exons that have high CpG density and low average methylation. CpG regions associated with BW were enriched in introns, tended to have lower methylation in mice with higher BW, and were inversely correlated with gene expression (i.e., higher mRNA levels in mice with higher BW). CpG regions associated with life span were linked to genes involved in life span modulation, including the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene, Tert, which had both lower methylation and higher expression in long-lived strains. An epigenetic clock defined from age-DMRs revealed accelerated aging in mice belonging to strains with shorter life spans. Both higher BW and the HFD were associated with accelerated epigenetic aging. Our results highlight the age-accelerating effect of heavier BW. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the measure of epigenetic aging derived from age-DMRs can predict genotype and diet-induced differences in life span among female BXD members.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra H. B. Helbing
- Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
| | - Evan G. Williams
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine University of Luxembourg Esch‐sur‐Alzette Luxembourg
| | - David G. Ashbrook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
| | - Robert W. Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics University of Tennessee Health Science Center College of Medicine Memphis TN USA
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25
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Alzheimer's Disease, and Breast and Prostate Cancer Research: Translational Failures and the Importance to Monitor Outputs and Impact of Funded Research. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071194. [PMID: 32674379 PMCID: PMC7401638 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dementia and cancer are becoming increasingly prevalent in Western countries. In the last two decades, research focused on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cancer, in particular, breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC), has been substantially funded both in Europe and worldwide. While scientific research outcomes have contributed to increase our understanding of the disease etiopathology, still the prevalence of these chronic degenerative conditions remains very high across the globe. By definition, no model is perfect. In particular, animal models of AD, BC, and PC have been and still are traditionally used in basic/fundamental, translational, and preclinical research to study human disease mechanisms, identify new therapeutic targets, and develop new drugs. However, animals do not adequately model some essential features of human disease; therefore, they are often unable to pave the way to the development of drugs effective in human patients. The rise of new technological tools and models in life science, and the increasing need for multidisciplinary approaches have encouraged many interdisciplinary research initiatives. With considerable funds being invested in biomedical research, it is becoming pivotal to define and apply indicators to monitor the contribution to innovation and impact of funded research. Here, we discuss some of the issues underlying translational failure in AD, BC, and PC research, and describe how indicators could be applied to retrospectively measure outputs and impact of funded biomedical research.
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26
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Brd2 haploinsufficiency extends lifespan and healthspan in C57B6/J mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234910. [PMID: 32559200 PMCID: PMC7304595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging in mammals is the gradual decline of an organism's physical, mental, and physiological capacity. Aging leads to increased risk for disease and eventually to death. Here, we show that Brd2 haploinsufficiency (Brd2+/-) extends lifespan and increases healthspan in C57B6/J mice. In Brd2+/- mice, longevity is increased by 23% (p<0.0001), and, relative to wildtype animals (Brd2+/+), cancer incidence is reduced by 43% (p<0.001). In addition, relative to age-matched wildtype mice, Brd2 heterozygotes show healthier aging including: improved grooming, extended period of fertility, and lack of age-related decline in kidney function and morphology. Our data support a role for haploinsufficiency of Brd2 in promoting healthy aging. We hypothesize that Brd2 affects aging by protecting against the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage. Given the recent advances in the development of BET inhibitors, our research provides impetus to test drugs that target BRD2 as a way to understand and treat/prevent age-related diseases.
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27
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Baek KW, Jung YK, Kim JS, Park JS, Hah YS, Kim SJ, Yoo JI. Rodent Model of Muscular Atrophy for Sarcopenia Study. J Bone Metab 2020; 27:97-110. [PMID: 32572370 PMCID: PMC7297619 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2020.27.2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The hallmark symptom of sarcopenia is the loss of muscle mass and strength without the loss of overall body weight. Sarcopenia patients are likely to have worse clinical outcomes and higher mortality than do healthy individuals. The sarcopenia population shows an annual increase of ~0.8% in the population after age 50, and the prevalence rate is rapidly increasing with the recent worldwide aging trend. Based on International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, a global classification of disease published by the World Health Organization, issued the disease code (M62.84) given to sarcopenia in 2016. Therefore, it is expected that the study of sarcopenia will be further activated based on the classification of disease codes in the aging society. Several epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have looked at the correlation between the prevalence of sarcopenia and several environmental factors. In addition, studies using cell lines and rodents have been done to understand the biological mechanism of sarcopenia. Laboratory rodent models are widely applicable in sarcopenia studies because of the advantages of time savings, cost saving, and various analytical applications that could not be used for human subjects. The rodent models that can be applied to the sarcopenia research are diverse, but a simple and fast method that can cause atrophy or aging is preferred. Therefore, we will introduce various methods of inducing muscular atrophy in rodent models to be applied to the study of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Wan Baek
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyoengsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Youn-Kwan Jung
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyoengsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Kim
- Department of Physical Education, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyoengsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Young-Sool Hah
- Biomedical Research Institute, Gyoengsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - So-Jeong Kim
- Department of Convergence of Medical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jun-Il Yoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyoengsang National University Hospital, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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28
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Functional alterations and transcriptomic changes during zebrafish cardiac aging. Biogerontology 2020; 21:637-652. [PMID: 32372324 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aging dramatically increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases in human. Animal models are of great value to study cardiac aging, and zebrafish have become a popular model for aging study recently. However, there is limited knowledge about the progression and regulation of cardiac aging in zebrafish. In this study we first validated the effectiveness of a panel of aging-related markers and revealed their spatial-temporal specificity. Using these markers, we discovered that cardiac aging in zebrafish initiated at mid-age around 24 months, followed by a gradual progression marked with increased DNA damage, inflammatory response and reduced mitochondrial function. Furthermore, we showed aging-related expression profile change in zebrafish hearts was similar to that in rat hearts. Overall, our results provide a deeper insight into the cardiac aging process in zebrafish, which will set up foundation for generating novel cardiac aging models suitable for large scale screening of pharmaceutical targets.
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29
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DeGregori J. Of mice, genes and aging. Haematologica 2020; 105:246-248. [PMID: 32005650 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.238683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- James DeGregori
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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30
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Grilo GA, Shaver PR, Stoffel HJ, Morrow CA, Johnson OT, Iyer RP, de Castro Brás LE. Age- and sex-dependent differences in extracellular matrix metabolism associate with cardiac functional and structural changes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:62-74. [PMID: 31978395 PMCID: PMC11017332 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Age-related remodeling of the heart causes structural and functional changes in the left ventricle (LV) that are associated with a high index of morbidities and mortality worldwide. Some cardiac pathologies in the elderly population vary between genders revealing that cardiac remodeling during aging may be sex-dependent. Herein, we analyzed the effects of cardiac aging in male and female C57Bl/6 mice in four age groups, 3, 6, 12, and 18 month old (n = 6-12 animals/sex/age), to elucidate which age-related characteristics of LV remodeling are sex-specific. We focused particularly in parameters associated with age-dependent remodeling of the LV extracellular matrix (ECM) that are involved in collagen metabolism. LV function and anatomical structure were assessed both by conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). We then measured ECM proteins that directly affect LV contractility and remodeling. All data were analyzed across ages and between sexes and were directly linked to LV functional changes. Echocardiography confirmed an age-dependent decrease in chamber volumes and LV internal diameters, indicative of concentric remodeling. As in humans, animals displayed preserved ejection fraction with age. Notably, changes to chamber dimensions and volumes were temporally distinct between sexes. Complementary to the traditional echocardiography, STE revealed that circumferential strain rate declined in 18 month old females, compared to younger animals, but not in males, suggesting STE as an earlier indicator for changes in cardiac function between sexes. Age-dependent collagen deposition and expression in the endocardium did not differ between sexes; however, other factors involved in collagen metabolism were sex-specific. Specifically, while decorin, osteopontin, Cthrc1, and Ddr1 expression were age-dependent but sex-independent, periostin, lysyl oxidase, and Mrc2 displayed age-dependent and sex-specific differences. Moreover, our data also suggest that with age males and females have distinct TGFβ signaling pathways. Overall, our results give evidence of sex-specific molecular changes during physiological cardiac remodeling that associate with age-dependent structural and functional dysfunction. These data highlight the importance of including sex-differences analysis when studying cardiac aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel A Grilo
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Patti R Shaver
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Hamilton J Stoffel
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Caleb Anthony Morrow
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Octavious T Johnson
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Rugmani P Iyer
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America
| | - Lisandra E de Castro Brás
- Department of Physiology, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, United States of America.
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31
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Vassilieva EV, Taylor DW, Compans RW. Combination of STING Pathway Agonist With Saponin Is an Effective Adjuvant in Immunosenescent Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:3006. [PMID: 31921219 PMCID: PMC6935580 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to improve protective responses to influenza vaccination in the elderly population, which is at especially high risk for adverse outcomes from influenza infection. Currently available inactivated vaccines provide limited protection, even when a 4-fold higher dose of the vaccine is administered. Adjuvants are often added to vaccines to boost protective efficacy. Here we describe a novel combination of an activator of the STING pathway, 2′,3′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP) with a saponin adjuvant, that we found to be highly effective in boosting protective immunity from vaccination in an aged mouse model. Using this combination with a subunit influenza vaccine, we observed that survival of vaccinated 20 month-old mice after lethal challenge increased from 0 to 20% with unadjuvanted vaccine to 80–100%, depending on the vaccination route. Compared to unadjuvanted vaccine, the levels of vaccine-specific IgG and IgG2a increased by almost two orders of magnitude as early as 2 weeks after a single immunization with the adjuvanted formulation. By analyzing phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) in cell culture, we provide evidence that the saponin component increases access of exogenous cGAMP to the intracellular STING pathway. Our findings suggest that combining a STING activator with a saponin-based adjuvant increases the effectiveness of influenza vaccine in aged hosts, without having to increase dose or perform additional vaccinations. This study reports a novel adjuvant combination that (a) is more effective than current methods of boosting vaccine efficacy, (b) can be used to enhance efficacy of licensed influenza vaccines, and (c) results in effective protection using a single vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dahnide W Taylor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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32
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Nagarajan P, Agudelo Garcia PA, Iyer CC, Popova LV, Arnold WD, Parthun MR. Early-onset aging and mitochondrial defects associated with loss of histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1). Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12992. [PMID: 31290578 PMCID: PMC6718594 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone acetyltransferase 1 (Hat1) is responsible for the acetylation of newly synthesized histone H4 on lysines 5 and 12 during the process of chromatin assembly. To understand the broader biological role of Hat1, we have generated a conditional mouse knockout model of this enzyme. We previously reported that Hat1 is required for viability and important for mammalian development and genome stability. In this study, we show that haploinsufficiency of Hat1 results in a significant decrease in lifespan. Defects observed in Hat1+/− mice are consistent with an early‐onset aging phenotype. These include lordokyphosis (hunchback), muscle atrophy, minor growth retardation, reduced subcutaneous fat, cancer, and paralysis. In addition, the expression of Hat1 is linked to the normal aging process as Hat1 mRNA and protein becomes undetectable in many tissues in old mice. At the cellular level, fibroblasts from Hat1 haploinsufficient embryos undergo early senescence and accumulate high levels of p21. Hat1+/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) display modest increases in endogenous DNA damage but have significantly higher levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Consistently, further studies show that Hat1−/− MEFs exhibit mitochondrial defects suggesting a critical role for Hat1 in mitochondrial function. Taken together, these data show that loss of Hat1 induces multiple hallmarks of early‐onset aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabakaran Nagarajan
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Paula A. Agudelo Garcia
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Chitra C. Iyer
- Department of Neurology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Liudmila V. Popova
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | | | - Mark R. Parthun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
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33
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Abstract
Traditional animal models have been used to make seminal discoveries in biomedical research including a better understanding of the biology of the aging process. However, translation of these findings from laboratory to clinical populations has likely been hindered due to fundamental biological and physiological differences between common laboratory animals and humans. Non-human primates (NHP) may serve as an effective bridge towards translation, and short-lived NHP like the common marmoset offer many advantages as models for aging research. Here, we address these advantages and discuss what is currently understood about the changes in physiology and pathology that occur with age in the marmoset. In addition, we discuss how aging research might best utilize this model resource, and outline an ongoing study to address whether pharmaceutical intervention can slow aging in the marmoset. With this manuscript, we clarify how common marmosets might assist researchers in geroscience as a potential model for pre-clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna N Ross
- Department of Science and Mathematics, Texas A&M University San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA
| | - Adam B Salmon
- The Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies and The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio TX, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.,Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Abstract
Longevity reflects the ability to maintain homeostatic conditions necessary for life as an organism ages. A long-lived organism must contend not only with environmental hazards but also with internal entropy and macromolecular damage that result in the loss of fitness during ageing, a phenomenon known as senescence. Although central to many of the core concepts in biology, ageing and longevity have primarily been investigated in sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms. However, growing evidence suggests that microorganisms undergo senescence, and can also exhibit extreme longevity. In this Review, we integrate theoretical and empirical insights to establish a unified perspective on senescence and longevity. We discuss the evolutionary origins, genetic mechanisms and functional consequences of microbial ageing. In addition to having biomedical implications, insights into microbial ageing shed light on the role of ageing in the origin of life and the upper limits to longevity.
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Wang J, Chen X, Osland J, Gerber SJ, Luan C, Delfino K, Goodwin L, Yuan R. Deletion of Nrip1 Extends Female Mice Longevity, Increases Autophagy, and Delays Cell Senescence. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 73:882-892. [PMID: 29346516 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using age of female sexual maturation as a biomarker, we previously identified nuclear receptor interacting protein 1 (Nrip1) as a candidate gene that may regulate aging and longevity. In the current report, we found that the deletion of Nrip1 can significantly extend longevity of female mice (log-rank test, p = .0004). We also found that Nrip1 expression is altered differently in various tissues during aging and under diet restriction. Remarkably, Nrip1 expression is elevated with aging in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT), but significantly reduced after 4 months of diet restriction. However, in gastrocnemius muscle, Nrip1 expression is significantly upregulated after the diet restriction. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we found that the deletion of Nrip1 can suppress fibroblast proliferation, enhance autophagy under normal culture or amino acid starvation conditions, as well as delay oxidative and replicative senescence. Importantly, in WAT of old animals, the deletion of the Nrip could significantly upregulate autophagy and reduce the number of senescent cells. These results suggest that deleting Nrip1 can extend female longevity, but tissue-specific deletion may have varying effects on health span. The deletion of Nrip1 in WAT may delay senescence in WAT and extend health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, P. R. China.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Xundi Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Jared Osland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Skyler J Gerber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Department of Molecular Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | - Chao Luan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield.,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Skin Diseases and STIs, Institute of Dermatology Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Kristin Delfino
- Department of Surgery, Center for Clinical Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
| | | | - Rong Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics Research, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield
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36
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Snyder JM, Snider TA, Ciol MA, Wilkinson JE, Imai DM, Casey KM, Vilches-Moure JG, Pettan-Brewer C, Pillai SPS, Carrasco SE, Salimi S, Ladiges W. Validation of a geropathology grading system for aging mouse studies. GeroScience 2019; 41:455-465. [PMID: 31468322 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00088-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of early-onset mechanisms underlying age-related changes can be obtained by evaluating changes that precede frailty and end of life using histological characterization of age-related lesions. Histopathology-based information as a component of aging studies in mice can complement and add context to molecular, cellular, and physiologic data, but there is a lack of information regarding scoring criteria and lesion grading guidelines. This report describes the validation of a grading system, designated as the geropathology grading platform (GGP), which generated a composite lesion score (CLS) for comparison of histological lesion scores in tissues from aging mice. To assess reproducibility of the scoring system, multiple veterinary pathologists independently scored the same slides from the heart, lung, liver, and kidney from two different strains (C57BL/6 and CB6F1) of male mice at 8, 16, 24, and 32 months of age. There was moderate to high agreement between pathologists, particularly when agreement within a 1-point range was considered. CLS for all organs was significantly higher in older versus younger mice, suggesting that the GGP was reliable for detecting age-related pathology in mice. The overall results suggest that the GGP guidelines reliably distinguish between younger and older mice and may therefore be accurate in distinguishing between experimental groups of mice with more, or less, age-related pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M Snyder
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy A Snider
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Marcia A Ciol
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - John E Wilkinson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Denise M Imai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, UC Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kerriann M Casey
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jose G Vilches-Moure
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Sebastian E Carrasco
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shabnam Salimi
- School of Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Warren Ladiges
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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37
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Broad J, Kung VWS, Palmer A, Elahi S, Karami A, Darreh-Shori T, Ahmed S, Thaha MA, Carroll R, Chin-Aleong J, Martin JE, Saffrey MJ, Knowles CH, Sanger GJ. Changes in neuromuscular structure and functions of human colon during ageing are region-dependent. Gut 2019; 68:1210-1223. [PMID: 30228216 PMCID: PMC6594449 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-316279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if human colonic neuromuscular functions decline with increasing age. DESIGN Looking for non-specific changes in neuromuscular function, a standard burst of electrical field stimulation (EFS) was used to evoke neuronally mediated (cholinergic/nitrergic) contractions/relaxations in ex vivomuscle strips of human ascending and descending colon, aged 35-91 years (macroscopically normal tissue; 239 patients undergoing cancer resection). Then, to understand mechanisms of change, numbers and phenotype of myenteric neurons (30 306 neurons stained with different markers), densities of intramuscular nerve fibres (51 patients in total) and pathways involved in functional changes were systematically investigated (by immunohistochemistry and use of pharmacological tools) in elderly (≥70 years) and adult (35-60 years) groups. RESULTS With increasing age, EFS was more likely to evoke muscle relaxation in ascending colon instead of contraction (linear regression: n=109, slope 0.49%±0.21%/year, 95% CI), generally uninfluenced by comorbidity or use of medications. Similar changes were absent in descending colon. In the elderly, overall numbers of myenteric and neuronal nitric oxide synthase-immunoreactive neurons and intramuscular nerve densities were unchanged in ascending and descending colon, compared with adults. In elderly ascending, not descending, colon numbers of cell bodies exhibiting choline acetyltransferase immunoreactivity increased compared with adults (5.0±0.6 vs 2.4±0.3 neurons/mm myenteric plexus, p=0.04). Cholinergically mediated contractions were smaller in elderly ascending colon compared with adults (2.1±0.4 and 4.1±1.1 g-tension/g-tissue during EFS; n=25/14; p=0.04); there were no changes in nitrergic function or in ability of the muscle to contract/relax. Similar changes were absent in descending colon. CONCLUSION In ascending not descending colon, ageing impairs cholinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Broad
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Victor W S Kung
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Alexandra Palmer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Shezan Elahi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Azadeh Karami
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Taher Darreh-Shori
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, NEO, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shafi Ahmed
- Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Mohamed Adhnan Thaha
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Carroll
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joanne Chin-Aleong
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joanne E Martin
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - M Jill Saffrey
- School of Life, Health and Chemical Sciences, Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Charles H Knowles
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Department of Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK,Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gareth John Sanger
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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38
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Abstract
The types of changes in physical appearance and behavior that occur in elderly people similarly develop in elderly animals. Signs and symptoms that might cause concern in younger people or mice may be normal in their elderly but generally healthy counterparts. Although numerous scoring methods have been developed to assess rodent health, these systems were often designed for young adults used in specific types of research, such as cancer or neurologic studies, and therefore may be suboptimal for assessing aging rodents. Approaches known as frailty assessments provide a global evaluation of the health of aged mice, rats, and people, and mouse frailty scores correlate well with the likelihood of death. Complementing frailty assessment, prediction of imminent death in aged mice can often be accomplished by focusing on 2 objective parameters-body weight and temperature. Before they die, many (but not all) mice develop marked reductions in body weight and temperature, thus providing signs that close monitoring, intervention, or preemptive euthanasia may be necessary. Timely preemptive euthanasia allows antemortem collection of data and samples that would be lost if spontaneous death occurred; preemptive euthanasia also limits terminal suffering. These approaches to monitoring declining health and predicting death in elderly research mice can aid in establishing and implementing timely interventions that both benefit the research and reduce antemortem suffering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Toth
- Emeritus Faculty, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, USA.
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39
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Brynjolfsson SF, Persson Berg L, Olsen Ekerhult T, Rimkute I, Wick MJ, Mårtensson IL, Grimsholm O. Long-Lived Plasma Cells in Mice and Men. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2673. [PMID: 30505309 PMCID: PMC6250827 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though more than 30 years have passed since the eradication of smallpox, high titers of smallpox-specific antibodies are still detected in the blood of subjects vaccinated in childhood. In fact, smallpox-specific antibody levels are maintained in serum for more than 70 years. The generation of life-long immunity against infectious diseases such as smallpox and measles has been thoroughly documented. Although the mechanisms behind high persisting antibody titers in the absence of the causative agent are still unclear, long lived plasma cells (LLPCs) play an important role. Most of the current knowledge on LLPCs is based on experiments performed in mouse models, although the amount of data derived from human studies is increasing. As the results from mouse models are often directly extrapolated to humans, it is important to keep in mind that there are differences. These are not only the obvious such as the life span but there are also anatomical differences, for instance the adiposity of the bone marrow (BM) where LLPCs reside. Whether these differences have an effect on the function of the immune system, and in particular on LLPCs, are still unknown. In this review, we will briefly discuss current knowledge of LLPCs, comparing mice and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siggeir F Brynjolfsson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Linn Persson Berg
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Teresa Olsen Ekerhult
- Department of Urology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga Rimkute
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mary-Jo Wick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Inga-Lill Mårtensson
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ola Grimsholm
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,B Cell Physiopathology Unit, Immunology Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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40
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Hook M, Roy S, Williams EG, Bou Sleiman M, Mozhui K, Nelson JF, Lu L, Auwerx J, Williams RW. Genetic cartography of longevity in humans and mice: Current landscape and horizons. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2718-2732. [PMID: 29410319 PMCID: PMC6066442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a complex and highly variable process. Heritability of longevity among humans and other species is low, and this finding has given rise to the idea that it may be futile to search for DNA variants that modulate aging. We argue that the problem in mapping longevity genes is mainly one of low power and the genetic and environmental complexity of aging. In this review we highlight progress made in mapping genes and molecular networks associated with longevity, paying special attention to work in mice and humans. We summarize 40 years of linkage studies using murine cohorts and 15 years of studies in human populations that have exploited candidate gene and genome-wide association methods. A small but growing number of gene variants contribute to known longevity mechanisms, but a much larger set have unknown functions. We outline these and other challenges and suggest some possible solutions, including more intense collaboration between research communities that use model organisms and human cohorts. Once hundreds of gene variants have been linked to differences in longevity in mammals, it will become feasible to systematically explore gene-by-environmental interactions, dissect mechanisms with more assurance, and evaluate the roles of epistasis and epigenetics in aging. A deeper understanding of complex networks-genetic, cellular, physiological, and social-should position us well to improve healthspan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Hook
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Suheeta Roy
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Evan G Williams
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich CH-8093, Switzerland
| | - Maroun Bou Sleiman
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Khyobeni Mozhui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - James F Nelson
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Robert W Williams
- Department of Genetics, Genomics and Informatics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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41
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Lin IH, Chang JL, Hua K, Huang WC, Hsu MT, Chen YF. Skeletal muscle in aged mice reveals extensive transformation of muscle gene expression. BMC Genet 2018; 19:55. [PMID: 30089464 PMCID: PMC6083496 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-018-0660-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging leads to decreased skeletal muscle function in mammals and is associated with a progressive loss of muscle mass, quality and strength. Age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia) is an important health problem associated with the aged population. RESULTS We investigated the alteration of genome-wide transcription in mouse skeletal muscle tissue (rectus femoris muscle) during aging using a high-throughput sequencing technique. Analysis revealed significant transcriptional changes between skeletal muscles of mice at 3 (young group) and 24 (old group) months of age. Specifically, genes associated with energy metabolism, cell proliferation, muscle myosin isoforms, as well as immune functions were found to be altered. We observed several interesting gene expression changes in the elderly, many of which have not been reported before. CONCLUSIONS Those data expand our understanding of the various compensatory mechanisms that can occur with age, and further will assist in the development of methods to prevent and attenuate adverse outcomes of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hsuan Lin
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Junn-Liang Chang
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, 325, Taiwan
| | - Kate Hua
- VYM Genome Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Chen Huang
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ta Hsu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, 112, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- The Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No.250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
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42
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Inflammation and Monocyte Recruitment due to Aging and Mechanical Stretch in Alveolar Epithelium are Inhibited by the Molecular Chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:495-508. [PMID: 30581495 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Ventilator-Induced lung injury (VILI) is a form of acute lung injury that is initiated or exacerbated by mechanical ventilation. The aging lung is also more susceptible to injury. Harmful mechanical stretch of the alveolar epithelium is a recognized mechanism of VILI, yet little is known about how mechanical stretch affects aged epithelial cells. Disruption to Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) homeostasis results in a condition known as ER stress that leads to disruption of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and inflammation. ER stress is increased with aging and other pathological stimuli. We hypothesized that age and mechanical stretch increase alveolar epithelial cells' proinflammatory responses that are mediated by ER stress. Furthermore, we believed that inhibition of this upstream mechanism with 4PBA, an ER stress reducer, alleviates subsequent inflammation and monocyte recruitment. Methods Type II alveolar epithelial cells (ATII) were harvested from C57Bl6/J mice 2 months (young) and 20 months (old) of age. The cells were cyclically stretched at 15% change in surface area for up to 24 hours. Prior to stretch, groups were administered 4PBA or vehicle as a control. Results Mechanical stretch and age upregulated ER stress and proinflammatory MCP-1/CCL2 and MIP-1β/CCL4 chemokine expression in ATIIs. Age-matched and mismatched monocyte recruitment by ATII conditioned media was also quantified. Conclusions Age increases susceptibility to stretch-induced ER stress and downstream inflammatory gene expression in a primary ATII epithelial cell model. Administration of 4PBA attenuated the increased ER stress and proinflammatory responses from stretch and/or age and significantly reduced monocyte migration to ATII conditioned media.
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43
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Kane AE, Shin S, Wong AA, Fertan E, Faustova NS, Howlett SE, Brown RE. Sex Differences in Healthspan Predict Lifespan in the 3xTg-AD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:172. [PMID: 29946252 PMCID: PMC6005856 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) exhibit marked differences in life expectancy depending on their genotype and sex. The assessment of frailty could provide a measure of healthspan to facilitate comparisons between different AD models. We used a validated mouse frailty index (FI) assessment tool to explore genotype and sex differences in lifespan and healthspan of 3xTg-AD mice and their B6129F2 wild-type (WT) controls. This tool is based on an approach commonly used in people and quantifies frailty by counting the accumulation of age-related health deficits. The number of deficits in an individual divided by the total number measured yields an FI score theoretically between 0 and 1, with higher scores denoting more frailty. Male 3xTg-AD mice aged 300-600 days had higher FI scores (Mean FI = 0.21 ± 0.03) than either male WT (Mean FI = 0.15 ± 0.01) or female 3xTg-AD mice (Mean FI = 0.10 ± 0.01), and the elevated frailty scores were accompanied by parallel increases in mortality. Frailty increased exponentially with age, and higher rates of deficit accumulation elevated mortality risk in all groups of mice. When mice were stratified by FI score, frailty predicted mortality, at least in females. Therefore, the mouse clinical FI provides a valuable tool for evaluating healthspan in mouse models of AD with different lifespans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E. Kane
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sooyoun Shin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Aimee A. Wong
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Emre Fertan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Natalia S. Faustova
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Susan E. Howlett
- Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Richard E. Brown
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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44
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Dalke C, Neff F, Bains SK, Bright S, Lord D, Reitmeir P, Rößler U, Samaga D, Unger K, Braselmann H, Wagner F, Greiter M, Gomolka M, Hornhardt S, Kunze S, Kempf SJ, Garrett L, Hölter SM, Wurst W, Rosemann M, Azimzadeh O, Tapio S, Aubele M, Theis F, Hoeschen C, Slijepcevic P, Kadhim M, Atkinson M, Zitzelsberger H, Kulka U, Graw J. Lifetime study in mice after acute low-dose ionizing radiation: a multifactorial study with special focus on cataract risk. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2018; 57:99-113. [PMID: 29327260 PMCID: PMC5902533 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-017-0728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Because of the increasing application of ionizing radiation in medicine, quantitative data on effects of low-dose radiation are needed to optimize radiation protection, particularly with respect to cataract development. Using mice as mammalian animal model, we applied a single dose of 0, 0.063, 0.125 and 0.5 Gy at 10 weeks of age, determined lens opacities for up to 2 years and compared it with overall survival, cytogenetic alterations and cancer development. The highest dose was significantly associated with increased body weight and reduced survival rate. Chromosomal aberrations in bone marrow cells showed a dose-dependent increase 12 months after irradiation. Pathological screening indicated a dose-dependent risk for several types of tumors. Scheimpflug imaging of the lens revealed a significant dose-dependent effect of 1% of lens opacity. Comparison of different biological end points demonstrated long-term effects of low-dose irradiation for several biological end points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Dalke
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present Address: Municipal Clinical Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Savneet Kaur Bains
- Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
- Present Address: Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Scott Bright
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
- Present Address: University of Texas, MD Anderson, Houston, TX USA
| | - Deborah Lord
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Reitmeir
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ute Rößler
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- Present Address: Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristian Unger
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Herbert Braselmann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Wagner
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present Address: Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Protection, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Greiter
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present Address: Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Individual Monitoring Service, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Gomolka
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sabine Hornhardt
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Sarah Kunze
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan J. Kempf
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present Address: Department of Bioanalytical Sciences, CSL Behring GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lillian Garrett
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Rosemann
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Soile Tapio
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michaela Aubele
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Pathology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian Theis
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Hoeschen
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics, Neuherberg, Germany
- Present Address: Chair of Medical Systems Technology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Munira Kadhim
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Atkinson
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kulka
- Department Radiation Protection and Health, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Jochen Graw
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Developmental Genetics, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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45
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Vassilieva EV, Wang S, Li S, Prausnitz MR, Compans RW. Skin immunization by microneedle patch overcomes statin-induced suppression of immune responses to influenza vaccine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17855. [PMID: 29259264 PMCID: PMC5736694 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that in elderly individuals, statin therapy is associated with a reduced response to influenza vaccination. The present study was designed to determine effects on the immune response to influenza vaccination induced by statin administration in a mouse model, and investigate potential approaches to improve the outcome of vaccination on the background of statin therapy. We fed middle aged BALB/c mice a high fat “western” diet (WD) alone or supplemented with atorvastatin (AT) for 14 weeks, and control mice were fed with the regular rodent diet. Mice were immunized with a single dose of subunit A/Brisbane/59/07 (H1N1) vaccine, either systemically or with dissolving microneedle patches (MNPs). We observed that a greater age-dependent decline in the hemagglutinin inhibition titers occurred in systemically-immunized mice than in MNP- immunized mice. AT dampened the antibody response in the animals vaccinated by either route of vaccine delivery. However, the MNP-vaccinated AT-treated animals had ~20 times higher total antibody levels to the influenza vaccine than the systemically vaccinated group one month postvaccination. We propose that microneedle vaccination against influenza provides an approach to ameliorate the immunosuppressive effect of statin therapy observed with systemic immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V Vassilieva
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Shelly Wang
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Song Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Mark R Prausnitz
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, Georgia
| | - Richard W Compans
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, Georgia.
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46
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Singh J, Minster RL, Schupf N, Kraja A, Liu Y, Christensen K, Newman AB, Kammerer CM. Genomewide Association Scan of a Mortality Associated Endophenotype for a Long and Healthy Life in the Long Life Family Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2017; 72:1411-1416. [PMID: 28329217 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Identification of genes or fundamental biological pathways that regulate aging phenotypes and longevity could lead to possible interventions to increase healthy longevity. Methods Using data from the Long Life Family Study, we performed genomewide association analyses on an endophenotype construct, LF1, comprising a linear combination of traits across health domains. LF1 primarily reflected traits from the pulmonary and physical activity domains. Results We detected a significant association between LF1 and a locus on chromosome 10p15 (p-value = 4.65 × 10-8) and suggestive evidence (p-value < 5 × 10-6) for association on chromosomes 1, 2, 8, 12, 15, 18, and 22. Using data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition Study, we subsequently replicated the association for the 1p13 region near the NBPF6 locus (p-value = 3.65 × 10-4). Conclusions Our analyses indicate that loci influencing a healthy aging endophenotype construct predominantly comprised of pulmonary and physical function domains may be located on chromosome 1p13 near the NBPF6 locus. Further investigation of this possible locus and other suggestive loci may reveal novel biological pathways that influence healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jatinder Singh
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Ryan L Minster
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, New York
| | - Aldi Kraja
- Division of Statistical Genomics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - YongMei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology and Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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47
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Franco Bocanegra DK, Nicoll JAR, Boche D. Innate immunity in Alzheimer's disease: the relevance of animal models? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:827-846. [PMID: 28516241 PMCID: PMC5911273 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mouse is one of the organisms most widely used as an animal model in biomedical research, due to the particular ease with which it can be handled and reproduced in laboratory. As a member of the mammalian class, mice share with humans many features regarding metabolic pathways, cell morphology and anatomy. However, important biological differences between mice and humans exist and must be taken into consideration when interpreting research results, to properly translate evidence from experimental studies into information that can be useful for human disease prevention and/or treatment. With respect to Alzheimer’s disease (AD), much of the experimental information currently known about this disease has been gathered from studies using mainly mice as models. Therefore, it is notably important to fully characterise the differences between mice and humans regarding important aspects of the disease. It is now widely known that inflammation plays an important role in the development of AD, a role that is not only a response to the surrounding pathological environment, but rather seems to be strongly implicated in the aetiology of the disease as indicated by the genetic studies. This review highlights relevant differences in inflammation and in microglia, the innate immune cell of the brain, between mice and humans regarding genetics and morphology in normal ageing, and the relationship of microglia with AD-like pathology, the inflammatory profile, and cognition. We conclude that some noteworthy differences exist between mice and humans regarding microglial characteristics, in distribution, gene expression, and states of activation. This may have repercussions in the way that transgenic mice respond to, and influence, the AD-like pathology. However, despite these differences, human and mouse microglia also show similarities in morphology and behaviour, such that the mouse is a suitable model for studying the role of microglia, as long as these differences are taken into consideration when delineating new strategies to approach the study of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana K Franco Bocanegra
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 806, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - James A R Nicoll
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 806, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Delphine Boche
- Clinical Neurosciences, Clinical and Experimental Sciences Academic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Mailpoint 806, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.
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48
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Kane AE, Ayaz O, Ghimire A, Feridooni HA, Howlett SE. Implementation of the mouse frailty index. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1149-1155. [PMID: 28463656 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is considered a state of high vulnerability for adverse health outcomes for people of the same age. Those who are frail have higher mortality, worse health outcomes, and use more health care services than those who are not frail. Despite this, little is known about the biology of frailty, the effect of frailty on pharmacological or surgical outcomes, and potential interventions to attenuate frailty. In humans, frailty can be quantified using a frailty index (FI) based on the principle of deficit accumulation. The recent development of an FI in naturally ageing mice provides an opportunity to conduct frailty research in a validated preclinical model. The mouse FI has been successfully used across a wide range of applications; however, there are some factors that should be considered in implementing this tool. This review summarises the current literature, presents some original data, and suggests areas for future research on the current applications of the mouse FI, inter-rater reliability of the FI, the effect of observer characteristics and environmental factors on mouse FI scores, and the individual items that make up the FI assessment. The implementation of this tool into preclinical frailty research should greatly accelerate translational research in this important field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Kane
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Omar Ayaz
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Anjali Ghimire
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Hirad A Feridooni
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
| | - Susan E Howlett
- Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada.,Pharmacology Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4H7, Canada
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49
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Martinez-Jimenez CP, Eling N, Chen HC, Vallejos CA, Kolodziejczyk AA, Connor F, Stojic L, Rayner TF, Stubbington MJT, Teichmann SA, de la Roche M, Marioni JC, Odom DT. Aging increases cell-to-cell transcriptional variability upon immune stimulation. Science 2017; 355:1433-1436. [PMID: 28360329 PMCID: PMC5405862 DOI: 10.1126/science.aah4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by progressive loss of physiological and cellular functions, but the molecular basis of this decline remains unclear. We explored how aging affects transcriptional dynamics using single-cell RNA sequencing of unstimulated and stimulated naïve and effector memory CD4+ T cells from young and old mice from two divergent species. In young animals, immunological activation drives a conserved transcriptomic switch, resulting in tightly controlled gene expression characterized by a strong up-regulation of a core activation program, coupled with a decrease in cell-to-cell variability. Aging perturbed the activation of this core program and increased expression heterogeneity across populations of cells in both species. These discoveries suggest that increased cell-to-cell transcriptional variability will be a hallmark feature of aging across most, if not all, mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Pilar Martinez-Jimenez
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nils Eling
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Hung-Chang Chen
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Catalina A Vallejos
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Aleksandra A Kolodziejczyk
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Frances Connor
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Lovorka Stojic
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Timothy F Rayner
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Michael J T Stubbington
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Maike de la Roche
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - John C Marioni
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Duncan T Odom
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
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50
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MicroRNAs miR-203-3p, miR-664-3p and miR-708-5p are associated with median strain lifespan in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44620. [PMID: 28304372 PMCID: PMC5356331 DOI: 10.1038/srep44620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA species that have been shown to have roles in multiple processes that occur in higher eukaryotes. They act by binding to specific sequences in the 3’ untranslated region of their target genes and causing the transcripts to be degraded by the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). MicroRNAs have previously been reported to demonstrate altered expression in several aging phenotypes such as cellular senescence and age itself. Here, we have measured the expression levels of 521 small regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) in spleen tissue from young and old animals of 6 mouse strains with different median strain lifespans by quantitative real-time PCR. Expression levels of 3 microRNAs were robustly associated with strain lifespan, after correction for multiple statistical testing (miR-203-3p [β-coefficient = −0.6447, p = 4.8 × 10−11], miR-664-3p [β-coefficient = 0.5552, p = 5.1 × 10−8] and miR-708-5p [β-coefficient = 0.4986, p = 1.6 × 10−6]). Pathway analysis of binding sites for these three microRNAs revealed enrichment of target genes involved in key aging and longevity pathways including mTOR, FOXO and MAPK, most of which also demonstrated associations with longevity. Our results suggests that miR-203-3p, miR-664-3p and miR-708-5p may be implicated in pathways determining lifespan in mammals.
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