1
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Wright SE, Pawlik M, Snyman HN, Haulena M. Review of neoplasia in fish at a large display aquarium, 2005-2021. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:362-367. [PMID: 38520057 PMCID: PMC11110779 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241241344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fish maintained in managed care may have longer lifespans as a result of advances in veterinary medicine and husbandry and reduced risk of predation. Neoplasia is of increasing interest in managed aquarium populations. However, few studies have systematically evaluated neoplasia in managed fish populations. Our objective in this retrospective study was to review and describe neoplasia diagnosed in fish at a large public display aquarium between 2005 and 2021. Any fish diagnosed with neoplasia on either antemortem or postmortem evaluation during the study period was included, and all medical records, biopsy, and autopsy reports were reviewed. Sixty-two fish met the inclusion criteria; 37 species were included in the study population, most of which were tropical freshwater fish (n = 34 fish). Thirty-two types of neoplasia were identified. Ten fish had benign neoplasms, and 53 fish had malignant neoplasms. The most common neoplasms were of epithelial and neuroectodermal origin. The most common site of tumor origin was the skin. Our data suggest that mesenchymal neoplasms may be more common in cold saltwater fish than in tropical freshwater and saltwater fish. Malignant neoplasms were most commonly diagnosed in the study population and should be a top differential when neoplasms are identified in fish managed under human care. Our study contributes to the overall knowledge of the health of aquarium fish and may aid clinicians in characterizing neoplasia that may be present in fish under human care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Wright
- Vancouver Aquarium, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Current address: American Veterinary Medical Association, Schaumburg, IL, USA
| | - Michael Pawlik
- Animal Health Centre–British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture, Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heindrich N. Snyman
- Animal Health Laboratory–Kemptville, University of Guelph, Kemptville, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Chan SCH, Lim ZZ, Leung ACF, Cheng TH, Cheng KPF, St-Hilaire S, Ferguson AMD. Thyroid neoplasia associated with nutritional deficiency in cultured jade perch in Hong Kong. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:357-361. [PMID: 38178554 PMCID: PMC11110773 DOI: 10.1177/10406387231218733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-neoplastic thyroid hyperplasia is common in terrestrial animals, secondary to nutritional imbalances or other goitrogenic compounds. Thyroid hyperplasia is relatively common in teleost fish; however, malignant thyroid neoplasia is rarely reported. We diagnosed cases of thyroid neoplasia in a population of jade perch (Scortum barcoo). The 3,000 affected fish had grossly apparent, bilateral pharyngeal swellings. Histologic examination confirmed proliferative thyroid lesions ranging from hyperplasia to well-differentiated follicular cell carcinoma. In addition, the younger population of animals on the farm also had bacterial septicemia and mild Dactylogyrus sp. gill infections. Feed analysis revealed a severe deficiency of iodine and vitamin C in the homemade fish diet used on the farm. The concentrations of other minerals, such as zinc, were also on the lower end of the recommended requirements for freshwater fish. The farm was using surface water in its recirculating aquaculture system. We recommended a switch to a commercial aquaculture diet, as well as to use well water rather than surface water to avoid any contaminants, and to treat the younger fish with an antibiotic for bacterial septicemia. Our case provides evidence of progression from nutritional-associated thyroid hyperplasia to neoplasia in farmed teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen C. H. Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Zwok Zu Lim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Aaron C. F. Leung
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Tzu Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Ka Po F. Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sophie St-Hilaire
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Andrew M. D. Ferguson
- CityU Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, SAR China
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3
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Stilwell JM, Camus AC, Stilwell NK. Gonadal neoplasia in Chinese gold barbs (Barbodes semifasciolatus) from a home aquarium. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2024; 47:e13901. [PMID: 38038138 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Stilwell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Alvin C Camus
- Department of Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Natalie K Stilwell
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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4
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Mocho JP, Collymore C, Farmer SC, Leguay E, Murray KN, Pereira N. FELASA-AALAS Recommendations for Monitoring and Reporting of Laboratory Fish Diseases and Health Status, with an Emphasis on Zebrafish ( Danio Rerio). Comp Med 2022; 72:127-148. [PMID: 35513000 PMCID: PMC9334007 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-cm-22-000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The exchange of fish for research may expose an aquatic laboratory to pathogen contamination as incoming fish can introduce bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses capable of affecting both experimental results and fish and personnel health and welfare. To develop risk mitigation strategies, FELASA and AALAS established a joint working group to recommend good practices for health monitoring of laboratory fish. The recommendations address all fish species used for research, with a particular focus on zebrafish (Danio rerio). First, the background of the working group and key definitions are provided. Next, fish diseases of high impact are described. Third, recommendations are made for health monitoring of laboratory fishes. The recommendations emphasize the importance of daily observation of the fish and strategies to determine fish colony health status. Finally, report templates are proposed for historical screening data and aquatic facility description to facilitate biohazard risk assessment when exchanging fish.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chereen Collymore
- Veterinary Care and Services, Charles River Laboratories, Senneville, Quebec, Canada
| | - Susan C Farmer
- Zebrafish Research Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Katrina N Murray
- Zebrafish International Resource Center, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Nuno Pereira
- Chronic Diseases Research Center (CEDOC), Nova Medical School, Lisbon; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusophone University of Humanities and Technologies, Lisbon, Portugal; Gulbenkian Institute of Science, Oeiras. Portugal; ISPA - University Institute of Psychological, Social and Life Sciences, Lisbon, Portugal; Lisbon Oceanarium, Lisbon, Portugal
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5
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Žák J, Roy K, Dyková I, Mráz J, Reichard M. Starter feed for carnivorous species as a practical replacement of bloodworms for a vertebrate model organism in ageing, the turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2022; 100:894-908. [PMID: 35195903 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The absence of a controlled diet is unfortunate in a promising model organism for ageing, the turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri Jubb, 1971). Currently captive N. furzeri are fed bloodworms but it is not known whether this is an optimal diet. Replacing bloodworms with a practical dry feed would reduce diet variability. In the present study, we estimated the nutritional value of the diet ingested by wild fish and determined the fish-body amino acid profile as a proxy for their nutritional requirements. We compared the performance of fish fed four commercial feeds containing 46%-64% protein to that achieved with bloodworms and that of wild fish. Wild fish target a high-protein (60%) diet and this is supported by their superior performance on high-protein diets in captivity. In contrast, feeds for omnivores led to slower growth, lower fecundity and unnatural liver size. In comparison to wild fish, a bloodworm diet led to lower body condition, overfeeding and male liver enlargement. Out of the four dry feeds tested, the fish fed Aller matched wild fish in body condition and liver size, and was comparable to bloodworms in terms of growth and fecundity. A starter feed for carnivorous species appears to be a practical replacement for bloodworms for N. furzeri. The use of dry feeds improved performance in comparison to bloodworms and thus may contribute to reducing response variability and improving research reproducibility in N. furzeri research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Koushik Roy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Mráz
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Science, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Ecology and Vertebrate Zoology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
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6
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Choi JS, Shin SR, Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim Y, Lee JS. Gonadal Abnormality and Intersexuality of Oplegnathus fasciatus (Teleostei: Oplegnathidae) Collected from the Southern Coast of Korea: A Case Report. Dev Reprod 2021; 25:123-131. [PMID: 34950816 PMCID: PMC8670776 DOI: 10.12717/dr.2021.25.3.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the gonadal structure abnormality and intersexuality found from a
survey regarding the reproductive potential of the rock bream,
Oplegnathus fasciatus, along the southern coast of Korea.
In total, 448 samples were collected for histological analysis (total length
27.5±6.8 cm; total weight 522.9±385.6 g). The sex ratio (F:M) was
1:0.46 (n=307:141), with 68.5% being females. The frequency of oocyte atresia
and ovarian neoplasm in the females was 85.3% and 21.5%, respectively, and the
frequency of testicular lobule and cyst deformation and testicular neoplasm in
the males was 73.1% and 37.6%, respectively. The scale formation in the ovary
and testis was approximately 2.0% for both sexes. The intersexuality was 42.2%,
with the intersexuality among females being 49.5%, which was significantly
higher than that of males (26.2%). Such findings indicate a negative impact on
the reproductive output of the rock bream along the southern coast of Korea;
however, a more detailed study is required to ascertain accurate causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Choi
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - So Ryung Shin
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Hyeon Jin Kim
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Fisheries Seed and Breeding Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Haenam 59002, Korea
| | - Yeonghye Kim
- Fisheries Resources Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea
| | - Jung Sick Lee
- Dept. of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu 59626, Korea
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7
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Dyková I, Žák J, Reichard M, Součková K, Slabý O, Bystrý V, Blažek R. Histopathology of laboratory-reared Nothobranchius fishes: Mycobacterial infections versus neoplastic lesions. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2021; 44:1179-1190. [PMID: 33844322 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Short-lived killifishes of the genus Nothobranchius Peters, 1868 (Cyprinodontiformes) are considered promising model organisms for biomedical research on ageing and tumorigenesis. We conducted histopathological analysis of 411 adult individuals from three Nothobranchius species to study details on spontaneous age-related neoplastic lesions. Light microscopy based on H&E and toluidine blue-stained sections revealed (a) non-proliferative liver changes with pronounced vacuolation of hepatocytes; (b) proliferation of kidney haemopoietic tissue contributing to excretory system damage; (c) proliferation of splenic mononuclear haemoblasts accompanied by reduced erythropoiesis; (d) proliferation of mononuclear cell aggregates in the liver parenchyma; and (e) rare occurrence of hepatocellular adenomas. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining revealed that the proliferative lesions are a host defence response to mycobacterial infections manifested by activation of the mononuclear phagocytic system and atypical granulomatous inflammatory reaction. 16S rRNA analysis identified three species of Mycobacterium in our samples. Our findings turn attention to lesions which mimic neoplasms by their gross appearance and question the light microscopic interpretation of lesions unless differential ZN staining is included. Beyond the limitations of our morphological approach, the intensity of mycobacterial infections is a challenging opportunity for research into the molecular-genetic background of the mononuclear phagocytic system reaction in Nothobranchius killifish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Žák
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamila Součková
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slabý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Bystrý
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Blažek
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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8
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Gombač M, Seničar M, Švara T, Šturm S, Dolenšek T, Tekavec K, Cerkvenik Flajs V, Schmidt-Posthaus H. Sudden outbreak of metastatic intestinal adenocarcinoma in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2021; 144:237-244. [PMID: 34042071 DOI: 10.3354/dao03592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal adenocarcinomas are uncommon in fishes. To date, they have been reported in zebrafish Danio rerio, blue gularis Fundulopanchax sjostedti, koi carp Cyprinus carpio koi, Atlantic salmon Salmo salar and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Metastases are even rarer and have been observed so far at very low prevalence, only in feed-induced adenocarcinoma in Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Intestinal adenocarcinoma with liver and heart metastases and mesenteric invasion was found in approximately 33% of 4 yr old rainbow trout from a Slovene hatchery with 2000 breeding trout. During stripping, lumps in the abdominal cavity were palpated in one-third of the breeding fish; some of the fish were anorectic and lethargic, and mortality was slightly increased. Affected trout were euthanized and 4 were submitted for necropsy and histopathology. Necropsy revealed firm, whitish, irregularly lobular masses originating from the intestine. Histologically, the intestinal masses showed a prominent proliferation of tall columnar neoplastic epithelial cells arranged in dense irregular islands or solid areas and papillotubular protuberances. Solid areas of neoplastic cells were also observed in the mesentery of all trout and in the liver of one trout, whereas minute groups of neoplastic cells were seen in the vessels of the intestinal mucosa in all trout and in the myocardium and the liver of one trout. Epithelial origin of neoplastic cells was confirmed by expression of the cytokeratin marker AE1/AE3. The intestinal masses were diagnosed as intestinal adenocarcinoma with mesenteric invasion and metastases to the liver and heart. The cause of intestinal adenocarcinoma was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitja Gombač
- Institute of Pathology, Wild Animals, Fish and Bees, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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9
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Mangus LM, França MS, Shivaprasad HL, Wolf JC. Research-Relevant Background Lesions and Conditions in Common Avian and Aquatic Species. ILAR J 2021; 62:169-202. [PMID: 33782706 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilab008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-mammalian vertebrates including birds, fish, and amphibians have a long history of contributing to ground-breaking scientific discoveries. Because these species offer several experimental advantages over higher vertebrates and share extensive anatomic and genetic homology with their mammalian counterparts, they remain popular animal models in a variety of fields such as developmental biology, physiology, toxicology, drug discovery, immunology, toxicology, and infectious disease. As with all animal models, familiarity with the anatomy, physiology, and spontaneous diseases of these species is necessary for ensuring animal welfare, as well as accurate interpretation and reporting of study findings. Working with avian and aquatic species can be especially challenging in this respect due to their rich diversity and array of unique adaptations. Here, we provide an overview of the research-relevant anatomic features, non-infectious conditions, and infectious diseases that impact research colonies of birds and aquatic animals, including fish and Xenopus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Monique S França
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - H L Shivaprasad
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, University of California, Davis, Tulare, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Wolf
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc., Sterling, Virginia, USA
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10
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Brenes-Soto A, Tye M, Esmail MY. The Role of Feed in Aquatic Laboratory Animal Nutrition and the Potential Impact on Animal Models and Study Reproducibility. ILAR J 2020; 60:197-215. [PMID: 33094819 DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Feed plays a central role in the physiological development of terrestrial and aquatic animals. Historically, the feeding practice of aquatic research species derived from aquaculture, farmed, or ornamental trades. These diets are highly variable, with limited quality control, and have been typically selected to provide the fastest growth or highest fecundity. These variations of quality and composition of diets may affect animal/colony health and can introduce confounding experimental variables into animal-based studies that impact research reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Brenes-Soto
- Department of Animal Science, University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marc Tye
- Zebrafish Core Facility, University of Minnesota-Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Michael Y Esmail
- Tufts Comparative Medicine Services, Tufts University Health Science Campus, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Žák J, Dyková I, Reichard M. Good performance of turquoise killifish (Nothobranchius furzeri) on pelleted diet as a step towards husbandry standardization. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8986. [PMID: 32488062 PMCID: PMC7265286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65930-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary alteration is one of the most universally effective aging interventions, making its standardization a fundamental need for model organisms in aging. In this dietetic study we address the current lack of standardized formulated diet for turquoise killifish Nothobranchius furzeri – a promising model organism. We first demonstrated that N. furzeri can be fully weaned at the onset of puberty onto a commercially available pelleted diet as the sole nutrition when kept in social tanks. We then compared nine somatic and six reproductive parameters between fish fed a typical laboratory diet - frozen chironomid larvae (bloodworms) and fish weaned from bloodworms to BioMar pellets. Both dietary groups had comparable somatic and reproductive performance. There was no difference between diet groups in adult body size, specific growth rate, condition or extent of hepatocellular vacuolation. Fish fed a pelleted diet had higher juvenile body mass and more visceral fat. Pellet-fed males had lower liver mass and possessed a lipid type of hepatocellular vacuolation instead of the prevailing glycogen-like vacuolation in the bloodworm-fed group. No considerable effect was found on reproductive parameters. The negligible differences between dietary groups and good acceptance of pellets indicate their suitability as a useful starting point for the development of standardized diet for Nothobranchius furzeri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Žák
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, Charles University, Viničná 7, 122 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Dyková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, Brno, 611 37, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Reichard
- Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Květná 8, 603 65, Brno, Czech Republic.
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12
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Elliot A, Myllymäki H, Feng Y. Inflammatory Responses during Tumour Initiation: From Zebrafish Transgenic Models of Cancer to Evidence from Mouse and Man. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041018. [PMID: 32325966 PMCID: PMC7226149 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is now an important model organism for cancer biology studies and provides unique and complementary opportunities in comparison to the mammalian equivalent. The translucency of zebrafish has allowed in vivo live imaging studies of tumour initiation and progression at the cellular level, providing novel insights into our understanding of cancer. Here we summarise the available transgenic zebrafish tumour models and discuss what we have gleaned from them with respect to cancer inflammation. In particular, we focus on the host inflammatory response towards transformed cells during the pre-neoplastic stage of tumour development. We discuss features of tumour-associated macrophages and neutrophils in mammalian models and present evidence that supports the idea that these inflammatory cells promote early stage tumour development and progression. Direct live imaging of tumour initiation in zebrafish models has shown that the intrinsic inflammation induced by pre-neoplastic cells is tumour promoting. Signals mediating leukocyte recruitment to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish correspond to the signals that mediate leukocyte recruitment in mammalian tumours. The activation state of macrophages and neutrophils recruited to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish appears to be heterogenous, as seen in mammalian models, which provides an opportunity to study the plasticity of innate immune cells during tumour initiation. Although several potential mechanisms are described that might mediate the trophic function of innate immune cells during tumour initiation in zebrafish, there are several unknowns that are yet to be resolved. Rapid advancement of genetic tools and imaging technologies for zebrafish will facilitate research into the mechanisms that modulate leukocyte function during tumour initiation and identify targets for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)131-242-6685
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13
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Dyková I, Blažek R, Součková K, Reichard M, Slabý O. Spontaneous adenocarcinoma of the gas gland in Nothobranchius fishes. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2020; 137:205-210. [PMID: 32132273 DOI: 10.3354/dao03437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nothobranchius fishes (Cyprinodontiformes), known for their genetically encoded extremely compressed lifespan, are considered an excellent vertebrate model for the research of aging. Unlike the rapid accumulation of data concerning their biology, ecology and genome, knowledge of their age-related diseases, including tumours, is still very limited. This Note reports spontaneous neoplastic lesions in the swim bladder gas glands of Nothobranchius furzeri, N. kadleci and N. orthonotus. Based on light and transmission electron microscopy, the neoplastic proliferation of gas gland cells was classified as adenocarcinoma. There was a concurrent proliferation of haemopoietic cells in the kidney interstitium in all individuals diagnosed with this type of primary neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Dyková
- Institute of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno 60137, Czech Republic
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14
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Williams MB, Watts SA. Current basis and future directions of zebrafish nutrigenomics. GENES AND NUTRITION 2019; 14:34. [PMID: 31890052 PMCID: PMC6935144 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review investigates the current state of nutrigenomics in the zebrafish animal models. The zebrafish animal model has been used extensively in the study of disease onset and progression and associated molecular changes. In this review, we provide a synopsis of nutrigenomics using the zebrafish animal model. Obesity and dyslipidemia studies describe the genomics of dietary-induced obesity in relation to high-fat/high-calorie diets. Inflammation and cardiovascular studies describe dietary effects on the expression of acute inflammatory markers and resulting chronic inflammatory issues including atherosclerosis. We also evaluated the genomic response to bioactive dietary compounds associated with metabolic disorders. Carbohydrate metabolism and β-cell function studies describe the impacts of high-carbohydrate dietary challenges on nutritional programming. We also report tumorigenesis in relation to dietary carcinogen exposure studies that can result in permanent genomic changes. Vitamin and mineral deficiency studies demonstrate transgenerational genomic impacts of micronutrients in the diet and temporal expression changes. Circadian rhythm studies describe the relation between metabolism and natural temporal cycles of gene expression that impacts health. Bone formation studies describe the role of dietary composition that influences bone reabsorption regulation. Finally, this review provides future directions in the use of the zebrafish model for nutrigenomic and nutrigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B Williams
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Stephen A Watts
- Department of Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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15
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Marancik D, Collins J, Afema J, Lawrence C. Exploring the advantages and limitations of sampling methods commonly used in research facilities for zebrafish health inspections. Lab Anim 2019; 54:373-385. [PMID: 31387447 DOI: 10.1177/0023677219864616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Examining zebrafish populations for the presence of disease is an integral component of managing fish health in research facilities. Currently, many different strategies are used for zebrafish fish health inspections, which is a scenario that may result in subjective and biased diagnostic evaluations. The goal of this study was to compare the success of pathogen detection between a sample size of randomly selected fish (n = 60) that provides 95% confidence in pathogen detection based on a presumed pathogen prevalence level ≥5%, and other subpopulations and sample numbers commonly submitted for diagnostic testing within a 1000 tank, 30,000 fish, recirculating research system. This included fish collected from a sump tank (n = 53), sentinel fish (n = 11), and fish that were found moribund or freshly dead (n = 18). Additionally, five fish from each subpopulation were collected for histopathologic examination. A second study used retrospective data to examine pathogen distribution between systems (n = 2-5) in multi-system facilities (n = 5) using a sample size of 60 fish per system. For the pathogens detected, results supported the use of representative sample numbers rather than smaller numbers of populations considered more at risk. The exception to this is for the moribund/mortality group, which may be a resource for targeted surveillance of select pathogens. Each system within multi-system facilities should be considered separate units in terms of fish health inspections and biosecurity. Development of these evidence-based standards for fish health inspections in zebrafish systems enhances fish welfare, provides identification of potentially zoonotic pathogens, and ensures scientific integrity and reproducibility of research results.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Marancik
- Department of Pathobiology, St. George's University School of Veterinary Medicine, Grenada
| | | | - Josephine Afema
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, USA
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16
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Iaria C, Migliore S, Macri D, Bivona M, Capparucci F, Gaglio G, Marino F. Evidence of Centrocestus formosanus (Nishigori, 1924) in Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2019; 16:522-526. [PMID: 31237524 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study reports the presence of cartilaginous cysts in zebrafish gills, purchased at the end of 2012 before the application of the Italian Legislative Decree 26/2014 and used for experimental research. It highlights the importance of using specific pathogen-free organisms from reliable production establishments to avoid obtaining false results in experiments. Of 20 samples analyzed, 4 showed cysts in gills, with abnormal tissue modification and cartilaginous metaplasia induced by prolonged parasitic insult. The results obtained from the periodic health monitoring program showed the presence of metacercariae of digenean trematodes, specifically identified as Centrocestus formosanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmelo Iaria
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Macri
- Zooprophylactic Institute of Sicily (IZS), Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Fabiano Capparucci
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, Messina, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Science, Sicilian Centre for Experimental Fish Pathology (CISS), University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell'Annunziata, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabio Marino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, Pharmacology and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, Messina, Italy
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17
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Chen Y, Liu W, Shang Y, Cao P, Cui J, Li Z, Yin X, Li Y. Folic acid-nanoscale gadolinium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks: fluorescence and magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging and photodynamic therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 14:57-74. [PMID: 30587985 PMCID: PMC6304077 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s177880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer and severely threatens human health. Since the prognosis of advanced HCC remains poor, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic approaches. Porphyrin metal-organic frameworks are a class of porous organic-inorganic hybrid functional materials with good biocompatibility. Methods Gadolinium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks were used as a skeleton for folic acid (FA) conjugation to synthesize a novel type of nanoparticle, denoted as folic acid-nanoscale gadolinium-porphyrin metal-organic frameworks (FA-NPMOFs). The FA-NPMOFs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis. The biotoxicity and imaging capability of the FA-NPMOFs were determined using HepG2 cells and embryonic and larval zebrafish. The delivery and photodynamic therapeutic effect of FA-NPMOFs were explored in transgenic zebrafish with doxycycline-induced HCC. Results FA-NPMOFs were spherical in structure with good dispersion and water solubility. They showed low biotoxicity, emitted bright red fluorescence, and exhibited an excellent magnetic resonance imaging capability, both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the FA-NPMOFs exhibited a strong affinity for folate receptor (FR)-expressing cells and were delivered to the tumor site in a targeted manner. Moreover, HCC tumor cells were eliminated following laser irradiation. Conclusion FA-NPMOFs can be used for dual-modality imaging and photodynamic therapy in HCC and show promise for use as a carrier in new therapies for HCC and other FR-positive tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical International Collaborative Innovation Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical International Collaborative Innovation Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Peipei Cao
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical International Collaborative Innovation Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Jianlin Cui
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical International Collaborative Innovation Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,
| | - Zongjin Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China,
| | - Xuebo Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- Nankai University School of Medicine, Tianjin, China, .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical International Collaborative Innovation Center, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,
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18
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Shimizu N, Matsuda M. Identification of a Novel Zebrafish Mutant Line that Develops Testicular Germ Cell Tumors. Zebrafish 2018; 16:15-28. [PMID: 30300574 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2018.1604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Testicular tumors are the most common solid malignant tumors in men 20-35 years of age. Although most of testicular tumors are curable, current treatments still fail in 15%-20% of patients. However, insufficient understanding of the molecular basis and lack of animal models limit development of more effective treatments. This study reports the identification of a novel zebrafish mutant line, ns1402, which develops testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs). While both male and female ns1402 mutants were fertile at young age, male ns1402 mutants became infertile as early as 9 months of age. This infertility was associated with progressive loss of mature sperm. Failure of spermatogenesis was, at least in part, explained by progressive loss of mature Leydig cells, a source of testosterone that is essential for spermatogenesis. Interestingly, TGCTs in ns1402 mutants contained a large number of Sertoli cells and gene expression profiles of Sertoli cells were altered before loss of mature Leydig cells. This suggests that changes in Sertoli cell properties happened first, followed by loss of mature Leydig cells and failure of spermatogenesis. Taken together, this study emphasizes the importance of cell-cell interactions and cell signaling in the testis for spermatogenesis and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Shimizu
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Miho Matsuda
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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19
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Burns AR, Watral V, Sichel S, Spagnoli S, Banse AV, Mittge E, Sharpton TJ, Guillemin K, Kent ML. Transmission of a common intestinal neoplasm in zebrafish by cohabitation. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:569-579. [PMID: 29023774 PMCID: PMC5844789 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal neoplasms are common in zebrafish (Danio rerio) research facilities. These tumours are most often seen in older fish and are classified as small cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas. Affected fish populations always contain subpopulations with preneoplastic lesions, characterized by epithelial hyperplasia or inflammation. Previous observations indicated that these tumours are unlikely caused by diet, water quality or genetic background, suggesting an infectious aetiology. We performed five transmission experiments by exposure of naïve fish to affected donor fish by cohabitation or exposure to tank effluent water. Intestinal lesions were observed in recipient fish in all exposure groups, including transmissions from previous recipient fish, and moribund fish exhibited a higher prevalence of neoplasms. We found a single 16S rRNA sequence, most similar to Mycoplasma penetrans, to be highly enriched in the donors and exposed recipients compared to unexposed control fish. We further tracked the presence of the Mycoplasma sp. using a targeted PCR test on individual dissected intestines or faeces or tank faeces. Original donor and exposed fish populations were positive for Mycoplasma, while corresponding unexposed control fish were negative. This study indicates an infectious aetiology for these transmissible tumours of zebrafish and suggests a possible candidate agent of a Mycoplasma species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R. Burns
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Virginia. Watral
- Department of Microbiology Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Sophie Sichel
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Sean Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Allison V. Banse
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Erika Mittge
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
| | - Karen Guillemin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403
- Humans and the Microbiome Program, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z8, Canada
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331
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20
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Camus AC, Ibrahiem MM, Alhizab FA, Aboellail TA, Ibrahim AM. Poorly differentiated soft tissue sarcoma in an Arabian carpet shark Chiloscyllium arabicum (Gubanov): A case report. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:181-185. [PMID: 28707703 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Camus
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - M M Ibrahiem
- Fisheries Welfare Branch, Ministry of Agriculture, Jubail, Saudi Arabia
| | - F A Alhizab
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Aboellail
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - A M Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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21
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Borges AC, Pereira N, Franco M, Vale L, Pereira M, Cunha MV, Amaro A, Albuquerque T, Rebelo M. Implementation of a Zebrafish Health Program in a Research Facility: A 4-Year Retrospective Study. Zebrafish 2016; 13 Suppl 1:S115-26. [PMID: 27186875 PMCID: PMC4931741 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2015.1230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, zebrafish (Danio rerio)-based research has contributed to significant scientific advances. Still, husbandry and health programs did not evolve at the same pace, as evidenced by the absence of general guidelines. Health monitoring is essential to animal welfare, to permit animal exchanges across facilities, to contribute to robust experimental results, and for data reproducibility. In this study, we report a health program implemented in a zebrafish research facility to prevent, monitor, and control pathogen, and disease dissemination. This program includes quarantine, routine health screening of sentinels, and nonroutine screenings of retired animals and sick/moribund individuals. An extensive list of clinical signs, lesions, and pathogens was monitored based on: daily observation of fish, necropsy, histology, and bacterial culture. The results indicate that the combined analysis of sentinels with the evaluation of sick/moribund animals enables a comprehensive description not only of pathogen prevalence but also of clinical and histopathologic lesions of resident animals. The establishment of a quarantine program revealed to be effective in the reduction of Pseudoloma neurophilia frequency in the main aquaria room. Finally, characterization of the colony health status based on this multiapproach program shows a low prevalence of lesions and pathogens in the facility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nuno Pereira
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- ISPA—Instituto Universitário, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maysa Franco
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Liliana Vale
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Mónica V. Cunha
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- INIAV, IP- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana Amaro
- INIAV, IP- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Teresa Albuquerque
- INIAV, IP- Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária, Oeiras, Portugal
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22
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Watts SA, Lawrence C, Powell M, D'Abramo LR. The Vital Relationship Between Nutrition and Health in Zebrafish. Zebrafish 2016; 13 Suppl 1:S72-6. [PMID: 27249164 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the relatively short span of four decades, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as an increasingly important model organism for biomedicine and other scientific disciplines. As the scale and sophistication of zebrafish research expands, so too does the need to develop standards that promote the production and maintenance of healthy animals for experiments. A major, but long overlooked, contributor to fish health is nutrition. Historically, feeding practices for laboratory zebrafish have been designed to promote growth and reproductive function. However, as the field matures, it is becoming increasingly clear that the nutritional goals for these animals should evolve beyond basic production to the maintenance of clinically healthy research subjects. This review outlines weaknesses and limitations of current approaches and provides a justification for the development of defined standardized diets that will strengthen and facilitate the continued growth of the zebrafish model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watts
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Christian Lawrence
- 2 Aquatic Resources Program, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mickie Powell
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Louis R D'Abramo
- 1 Department of Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham , Birmingham, Alabama
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23
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Lewis S, Pinkerton ME, Churgin SM, Sladky KK. Abnormal Buoyancy in a Convict Cichlid (Amatitlania Nigrofasciata) Associated With an Ovarian Carcinoma Invading the Swim Bladder. J Exot Pet Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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24
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Nguyen AT, Koh V, Spitsbergen JM, Gong Z. Development of a conditional liver tumor model by mifepristone-inducible Cre recombination to control oncogenic kras V12 expression in transgenic zebrafish. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19559. [PMID: 26790949 PMCID: PMC4726387 DOI: 10.1038/srep19559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we report a new transgenic expression system by combination of liver-specific expression, mifepristone induction and Cre-loxP recombination to conditionally control the expression of oncogenic krasV12. This transgenic system allowed expression of krasV12 specifically in the liver by a brief exposure of mifepristone to induce permanent genomic recombination mediated by the Cre-loxP system. We found that liver tumors were generally induced from multiple foci due to incomplete Cre-loxP recombination, thus mimicking naturally occurring human tumors resulting from one or a few mutated cells and clonal proliferation to form nodules. Similar to our earlier studies by both constitutive and inducible expression of the krasV12 oncogene, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main type of liver tumor induced by krasV12 expression. Moreover, mixed tumors with hepatocellular adenoma and hepatoblastoma (HB) were also frequently observed. Molecular analyses also indicated similar increase of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in all types of liver tumors, but nuclear localization of β–catenin, a sign of malignant transformation, was found only in HCC and HB. Taken together, our new transgenic system reported in this study allows transgenic krasV12 expression specifically in the zebrafish liver only by a brief exposure of mifepristone to induce permanent genomic recombination mediated by the Cre-loxP system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Tuan Nguyen
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.,Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 97331
| | - Vivien Koh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
| | - Jan M Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA, 97331
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543
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25
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Short Telomeres in Key Tissues Initiate Local and Systemic Aging in Zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1005798. [PMID: 26789415 PMCID: PMC4720274 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres shorten with each cell division and telomere dysfunction is a recognized hallmark of aging. Tissue proliferation is expected to dictate the rate at which telomeres shorten. We set out to test whether proliferative tissues age faster than non-proliferative due to telomere shortening during zebrafish aging. We performed a prospective study linking telomere length to tissue pathology and disease. Contrary to expectations, we show that telomeres shorten to critical lengths only in specific tissues and independently of their proliferation rate. Short telomeres accumulate in the gut but not in other highly proliferative tissues such as the blood and gonads. Notably, the muscle, a low proliferative tissue, accumulates short telomeres and DNA damage at the same rate as the gut. Together, our work shows that telomere shortening and DNA damage in key tissues triggers not only local dysfunction but also anticipates the onset of age-associated diseases in other tissues, including cancer. Why, and how, organisms age and ultimately die is a key question of modern biology. Telomeres are considered molecular timekeepers determining cellular lifespans. Within an organism, tissue proliferation is expected to dictate the rate at which telomeres shorten. Using zebrafish, an organism with human-like telomeres, we set out to test whether, in natural aging, proliferative tissues age faster than non-proliferative in a telomere-dependent manner. We found that telomeres shorten with age to a level where they trigger telomere associated DNA damage and culminate in tissue dysfunction, independently of high or low tissue proliferation rates. Specifically, short telomeres accumulate in the gut, a highly proliferative tissue, and in the muscle, a low proliferative tissue, working as direct predictors of cellular damage prior to onset of intestinal inflammation and myocyte degeneration. Based on our data, we propose a model where telomere shortening in these key tissues is sufficient to trigger damage in others and precedes the onset of organism age-associated diseases, namely cancer. Thus, tissue-specific telomere length is limiting for local and systemic physiological integrity, leading to tissue degeneration and disease in aging.
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26
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Lobert VH, Mouradov D, Heath JK. Focusing the Spotlight on the Zebrafish Intestine to Illuminate Mechanisms of Colorectal Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 916:411-37. [PMID: 27165364 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-30654-4_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer, encompassing colon and rectal cancer, arises from the epithelial lining of the large bowel. It is most prevalent in Westernised societies and is increasing in frequency as the world becomes more industrialised. Unfortunately, metastatic colorectal cancer is not cured by chemotherapy and the annual number of deaths caused by colorectal cancer, currently 700,000, is expected to rise. Our understanding of the contribution that genetic mutations make to colorectal cancer, although incomplete, is reasonably well advanced. However, it has only recently become widely appreciated that in addition to the ongoing accumulation of genetic mutations, chronic inflammation also plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of this disease. While a robust and tractable genetic model of colorectal cancer in zebrafish, suitable for pre-clinical studies, is not yet available, the identification of genes required for the rapid proliferation of zebrafish intestinal epithelial cells during development has highlighted a number of essential genes that could be targeted to disable colorectal cancer cells. Moreover, appreciation of the utility of zebrafish to study intestinal inflammation is on the rise. In particular, zebrafish provide unique opportunities to investigate the impact of genetic and environmental factors on the integrity of intestinal epithelial barrier function. With currently available tools, the interplay between epigenetic regulators, intestinal injury, microbiota composition and innate immune cell mobilisation can be analysed in exquisite detail. This provides excellent opportunities to define critical events that could potentially be targeted therapeutically. Further into the future, the use of zebrafish larvae as hosts for xenografts of human colorectal cancer tissue, while still in its infancy, holds great promise that zebrafish could one day provide a practical, preclinical personalized medicine platform for the rapid assessment of the metastatic potential and drug-sensitivity of patient-derived cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola H Lobert
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Montebello, N-0379, Oslo, Norway
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Systems Biology and Personalised Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Joan K Heath
- Development and Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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27
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Paquette CE, Kent ML, Peterson TS, Wang R, Dashwood RH, Löhr CV. Immunohistochemical characterization of intestinal neoplasia in zebrafish Danio rerio indicates epithelial origin. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2015; 116:191-7. [PMID: 26503773 PMCID: PMC4695397 DOI: 10.3354/dao02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous neoplasia of the intestinal tract in sentinel and moribund zebrafish Danio rerio is common in some zebrafish facilities. We previously classified these tumors as adenocarcinoma, small-cell carcinoma, or carcinoma otherwise unspecified based on histomorphologic characteristics. Based on histological presentation, the primary differential diagnosis for the intestinal carcinomas was tumor of neuroendocrine cells (e.g. carcinoids). To further characterize the phenotype of the neoplastic cells, select tissue sections were stained with a panel of antibodies directed toward human epithelial (cytokeratin wide spectrum screening [WSS], AE1/AE3) or neuroendocrine (S100, chromogranin A) markers. We also investigated antibody specificity by Western blot analysis, using a human cell line and zebrafish tissues. Nine of the intestinal neoplasms (64%) stained for AE1/AE3; 7 (50%) also stained for WSS. None of the intestinal neoplastic cells stained for chromogranin A or S100. Endocrine cells of the pituitary gland and neurons and axons of peripheral nerves and ganglia stained for chromogranin A, whereas perineural and periaxonal cells of peripheral intestinal ganglia, and glial and ependymal cells of the brain stained for S100. Immunohistochemistry for cytokeratins confirmed the majority of intestinal neoplasms in this cohort of zebrafish as carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Tracy S. Peterson
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | - Rong Wang
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
| | | | - Christiane V. Löhr
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
- Corresponding Author: Christiane V. Löhr, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Oregon State University, 106 Dryden Hall, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4801, Telephone: 541-737-9673, Fax: 541-737-2730,
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28
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Cooper TK, Spitsbergen JM. Valvular and Mural Endocardiosis in Aging Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Vet Pathol 2015; 53:504-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815594853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Endocardiosis or myxomatous degeneration of the cardiac valves is a well-described age-related change in humans and dogs. Lesions consist of polypoid nodular proliferations of loose extracellular matrix and valvular interstitial cells, most commonly affecting the mitral valve. This entity has not been previously described in fish. Herein we report the appearance, location, and occurrence of valvular and mural endocardiosis in a retrospective survey of aging laboratory zebrafish. Endocardiosis was present in 59 of 777 fish (7.59%), most commonly affecting the sinoatrial (34 fish; 57.6%) and atrioventricular (33 fish; 55.9%) valves. Lesions were more common in fish raised in recirculating water systems and fed commercial diets (52/230 fish; 22.6%) versus flow-through systems with fish fed semi-purified diets (4/234; 1.71%). Lesions were overrepresented in fish heterozygous for a mutant smoothened allele (34/61 fish, 55.7% vs 17/168, 10.1% wild type). There was no association between endocardiosis and intestinal carcinoids. Valvular endocardiosis is a significant age- and husbandry-related background finding in zebrafish and should be considered in the design and interpretation of research studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. K. Cooper
- Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Hershey, PA, USA
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Myc-induced liver tumors in transgenic zebrafish can regress in tp53 null mutation. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117249. [PMID: 25612309 PMCID: PMC4303426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently one of the top lethal cancers with an increasing trend. Deregulation of MYC in HCC is frequently detected and always correlated with poor prognosis. As the zebrafish genome contains two differentially expressed zebrafish myc orthologs, myca and mycb, it remains unclear about the oncogenicity of the two zebrafish myc genes. In the present study, we developed two transgenic zebrafish lines to over-express myca and mycb respectively in the liver using a mifepristone-inducible system and found that both myc genes were oncogenic. Moreover, the transgenic expression of myca in hepatocytes caused robust liver tumors with several distinct phenotypes of variable severity. ~5% of myca transgenic fish developing multinodular HCC with cirrhosis after 8 months of induced myca expression. Apoptosis was also observed with myca expression; introduction of homozygous tp53-/- mutation into the myca transgenic fish reduced apoptosis and accelerated tumor progression. The malignant status of hepatocytes was dependent on continued expression of myca; withdrawal of the mifepristone inducer resulted in a rapid regression of liver tumors, and the tumor regression occurred even in the tp53-/- mutation background. Thus, our data demonstrated the robust oncogenicity of zebrafish myca and the requirement of sustained Myc overexpression for maintenance of the liver tumor phenotype in this transgenic model. Furthermore, tumor regression is independent of the function of Tp53.
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30
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Kishi S, Bayliss PE, Hanai JI. A prospective epigenetic paradigm between cellular senescence and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in organismal development and aging. Transl Res 2015; 165:241-9. [PMID: 24924348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic states can govern the plasticity of a genome to be adaptive to environments where many stress stimuli and insults compromise the homeostatic system with age. Although certain elastic power may autonomously reset, reprogram, rejuvenate, or reverse the organismal aging process, enforced genetic manipulations could at least reset and reprogram epigenetic states beyond phenotypic plasticity and elasticity in cells, which can be further manipulated into organisms. The question, however, remains how we can rejuvenate intrinsic resources and infrastructures in a noninvasive manner, particularly in a whole complex aging organism. Given inevitable increase of cancer with age, presumably any failure of resetting, reprogramming, or even rejuvenation could be a prominent causative factor of malignancy. Accompanied by progressive deteriorations of physiological functions in organisms with advancing age, aging-associated cancer risk may essentially arise from unforeseen complications in cellular senescence. At the cellular level, epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity (dynamic and reversible transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypic states) is enabled by underlying shifts in epigenetic regulation. Thus, the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal (mesenchymal-epithelial transition [MET]) function as a key of cellular transdifferentiation programs. On the one hand, the EMT-MET process was initially appreciated in developmental biology, but is now attracting increasing attention in oncogenesis and senescence, because the process is involved in the malignant progression vs regression of cancer. On the other hand, senescence is often considered the antithesis of early development, but yet between these 2 phenomena, there may be common factors and governing mechanisms such as the EMT-MET program, to steer toward rejuvenation of the biological aging system, thereby precisely controlling or avoiding cancer through epigenetic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kishi
- Department of Metabolism and Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida.
| | - Peter E Bayliss
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun-Ichi Hanai
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
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31
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Abstract
The thyroid parafollicular cell, or commonly named "C-cell," functions in serum calcium homeostasis. Elevations in serum calcium trigger release of calcitonin from the C-cell, which in turn functions to inhibit absorption of calcium by the intestine, resorption of bone by the osteoclast, and reabsorption of calcium by renal tubular cells. Oncogenic transformation of the thyroid C-cell is thought to progress through a hyperplastic process prior to malignancy with increasing levels of serum calcitonin serving as a biomarker for tumor burden. The discovery that multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 is caused by activating mutations of the RET gene serves to highlight the RET-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway in both initiation and progression of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Thyroid C-cells are known to express RET at high levels relative to most cell types; therefore, aberrant activation of this receptor is targeted primarily to the C-cell, providing one possible cause of tissue-specific oncogenesis. The role of RET signaling in normal C-cell function is unknown though calcitonin gene transcription appears to be sensitive to RET activation. Beyond RET, the modeling of oncogenesis in animals and screening of human tumors for candidate gene mutations have uncovered mutation of RAS family members and inactivation of Rb1 regulatory pathway as potential mediators of C-cell transformation. A growing understanding of how RET interacts with these pathways, both in normal C-cell function and during oncogenic transformation, will help in the development of novel molecular-targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilbert J Cote
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1461, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Elizabeth G Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1484, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Marie-Claude Hofmann
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 1461, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
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32
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Larcher T, Perrichon P, Vignet C, Ledevin M, Le Menach K, Lyphout L, Landi L, Clerandeau C, Lebihanic F, Ménard D, Burgeot T, Budzinski H, Akcha F, Cachot J, Cousin X. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenic but not genotoxic effects. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:13833-13849. [PMID: 24777325 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2923-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous contaminants that can be present at high levels as mixtures in polluted aquatic environments. Many PAHs are potent mutagens and several are well-known carcinogens. Despite numerous studies on individual compounds, little is known about the toxicity of PAHs mixtures that are encountered in environmental situations. In the present work, zebrafish were continuously fed from 5 days post-fertilisation to 14 months post-fertilisation (mpf) with a diet spiked with fractions of either pyrolytic (PY), petrogenic light oil (LO), or petrogenic heavy oil (HO) origin at three concentrations. A decrease in survival was identified after 3 mpf in fish fed with the highest concentration of HO or LO, but not for PY. All PAH fractions caused preneoplastic and neoplastic disorders in long-term-exposed animals. Target tissues were almost exclusively of epithelial origin, with the bile duct epithelium being the most susceptible to chronic exposure to all PAH fractions, and with germ cells being the second most responsive cells. Significantly higher incidences of neoplasms were observed with increasing PAH concentration and exposure duration. The most severe carcinogenic effects were induced by dietary exposure to HO compared to exposure to LO or PY (45, 30 and 7 %, respectively, after 9 to 10 months of exposure to an intermediate concentration of PAHs). In contrast, earliest carcinogenic effects were detected as soon as 3 mpf after exposure to LO, including the lowest concentration, or to PY. PAH bioactivation and genotoxicity in blood was assessed by ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity quantification and comet and micronuclei assays, respectively, but none of these were positive. Chronic dietary exposure of zebrafish to PAH mixtures results in carcinogenotoxic events that impair survival and physiology of exposed fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Larcher
- INRA, UMR 703 APEX, 44307, Nantes, France,
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33
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Cooper TK, Murray KN, Spagnoli S, Spitsbergen JM. Primary intestinal and vertebral chordomas in laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio). Vet Pathol 2014; 52:388-92. [PMID: 24913269 DOI: 10.1177/0300985814537531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chordomas are uncommon neoplasms arising from notochord remnants, most commonly occurring in the axial skeleton. Extraskeletal soft tissue chordomas are rare primary tumors, and primary alimentary tract chordomas have not been reported. Herein we report 24 cases of spontaneous primary intestinal chordomas in zebrafish, as well as 9 spontaneous vertebral chordomas. Both intestinal and vertebral tumors showed invasive behavior, although more commonly in the latter. In all cases of primary intestinal chordomas, there was no axial or peripheral skeletal or other nonvisceral involvement. Although uncommon, intestinal chordomas represent a unique background lesion in aged zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Cooper
- Departments of Comparative Medicine and Pathology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - K N Murray
- Pathology and Health Services, Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - S Spagnoli
- Pathology and Health Services, Zebrafish International Resource Center, Eugene, OR, USA Department of Environmental Health Sciences. Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - J M Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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34
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Stewart AM, Braubach O, Spitsbergen J, Gerlai R, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models for translational neuroscience research: from tank to bedside. Trends Neurosci 2014; 37:264-78. [PMID: 24726051 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2014.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 450] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a new important species for studying mechanisms of brain function and dysfunction. Focusing on selected central nervous system (CNS) disorders (brain cancer, epilepsy, and anxiety) and using them as examples, we discuss the value of zebrafish models in translational neuroscience. We further evaluate the contribution of zebrafish to neuroimaging, circuit level, and drug discovery research. Outlining the role of zebrafish in modeling a wide range of human brain disorders, we also summarize recent applications and existing challenges in this field. Finally, we emphasize the potential of zebrafish models in behavioral phenomics and high-throughput genetic/small molecule screening, which is critical for CNS drug discovery and identifying novel candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Michael Stewart
- ZENEREI Institute and the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, A210 Langley Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Oliver Braubach
- Center for Functional Connectomics, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seoul, 136791, Republic of Korea
| | - Jan Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Nash Hall 220 Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Robert Gerlai
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Road, N Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- ZENEREI Institute and the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), 309 Palmer Court, Slidell, LA 70458, USA.
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35
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Kishi S. Using zebrafish models to explore genetic and epigenetic impacts on evolutionary developmental origins of aging. Transl Res 2014; 163:123-35. [PMID: 24239812 PMCID: PMC3969878 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2013.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Can we reset, reprogram, rejuvenate, or reverse the organismal aging process? Certain genetic manipulations could at least reset and reprogram epigenetic dynamics beyond phenotypic plasticity and elasticity in cells, which can be manipulated further into organisms. However, in a whole complex aging organism, how can we rejuvenate intrinsic resources and infrastructures in an intact and noninvasive manner? The incidence of diseases increases exponentially with age, accompanied by progressive deteriorations of physiological functions in organisms. Aging-associated diseases are sporadic but essentially inevitable complications arising from senescence. Senescence is often considered the antithesis of early development, but yet there may be factors and mechanisms in common between these 2 phenomena to rejuvenate over the dynamic process of aging. The association between early development and late-onset disease with advancing age is thought to come from a consequence of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of physiologically and/or morphologically adaptive states based on diverse epigenotypes in response to intrinsic or extrinsic environmental cues and genetic perturbations. We hypothesized that the future aging process can be predictive based on adaptivity during the early developmental period. Modulating the thresholds and windows of plasticity and its robustness by molecular genetic and chemical epigenetic approaches, we have successfully conducted experiments to isolate zebrafish mutants expressing apparently altered senescence phenotypes during their embryonic and/or larval stages ("embryonic/larval senescence"). Subsequently, at least some of these mutant animals were found to show a shortened life span, whereas others would be expected to live longer into adulthood. We anticipate that previously uncharacterized developmental genes may mediate the aging process and play a pivotal role in senescence. On the other hand, unexpected senescence-related genes might also be involved in the early developmental process and its regulation. The ease of manipulation using the zebrafish system allows us to conduct an exhaustive exploration of novel genes, genotypes, and epigenotypes that can be linked to the senescence phenotype, which facilitates searching for the evolutionary and developmental origins of aging in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Kishi
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Fla.
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36
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Hyatt MW, Clauss TM, Dennison SE, Camus AC. Retroperitoneal hemangiosarcoma in a common carp Cyprinus carpio: a case report. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2013; 107:151-160. [PMID: 24334357 DOI: 10.3354/dao02675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A 7.5 kg common carp Cyprinus carpio presented with prominent localized swelling in the caudal right coelomic area, identified by ultrasound as a fluid filled mass. Fine needle aspirate (FNA) and culture results suggested a sterile seroma. Centesis removed 290 ml of serosanguinous fluid that returned within days. Recheck ultrasonography revealed a solid component within the cavity. Radiography demonstrated irregular lysis and misalignment of vertebrae adjacent to the mass, most suggestive of bacterial osteitis or neoplasia. Treatment with antibiotics followed for 2 mo but failed to resolve the lesion. Repeated radiography and ultrasonography showed progressive enlargement of the mass, with vertebral lysis and invasion characteristic of neoplasia. Ultrasound-guided FNA of the solid component of the mass was non-diagnostic. Euthanasia was elected due to the poor clinical response and primary differential of neoplasia. Post-mortem MRI and CT confirmed a retroperitoneal soft tissue mass, partially surrounded by a fluid-filled cavity, causing vertebral lysis and infiltration of the spinal canal. Expansion of the mass caused severe muscle loss and an associated elevation in creatine kinase (>120000 U l-1). Necropsy results corroborated the MRI and CT findings, revealing a retroperitoneal, multilobular, red and tan mass causing dorsal displacement of the vertebral column, with vertebral lysis, pathologic fracture and invasion of the spinal canal. Histopathologic examination revealed a locally aggressive neoplasm exhibiting multiple patterns of growth, including endothelial lined vascular channels and solid areas formed by more pleomorphic polygonal and spindle cells, consistent with hemangiosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Hyatt
- Georgia Aquarium, 225 Baker Street, Atlanta, Georgia 30313, USA
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37
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Abstract
Naturally occurring viral infections have the potential to introduce confounding variability that leads to invalid and misinterpreted data. Whereas the viral diseases of research rodents are well characterized and closely monitored, no naturally occurring viral infections have been characterized for the laboratory zebrafish (Danio rerio), an increasingly important biomedical research model. Despite the ignorance about naturally occurring zebrafish viruses, zebrafish models are rapidly expanding in areas of biomedical research where the confounding effects of unknown infectious agents present a serious concern. In addition, many zebrafish research colonies remain linked to the ornamental (pet) zebrafish trade, which can contribute to the introduction of new pathogens into research colonies, whereas mice used for research are purpose bred, with no introduction of new mice from the pet industry. Identification, characterization, and monitoring of naturally occurring viruses in zebrafish are crucial to the improvement of zebrafish health, the reduction of unwanted variability, and the continued development of the zebrafish as a model organism. This article addresses the importance of identifying and characterizing the viral diseases of zebrafish as the scope of zebrafish models expands into new research areas and also briefly addresses zebrafish susceptibility to experimental viral infection and the utility of the zebrafish as an infection and immunology model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus J Crim
- Comparative Medicine Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Tumor suppressors are so named because cancers occur in their absence, but these genes also have important functions in development, metabolism and tissue homeostasis. Here, we discuss known and potential functions of tumor suppressor genes during tissue regeneration, focusing on the evolutionarily conserved tumor suppressors pRb1, p53, Pten and Hippo. We propose that their activity is essential for tissue regeneration. This is in contrast to suggestions that tumor suppression is a trade-off for regenerative capacity. We also hypothesize that certain aspects of tumor suppressor pathways inhibit regenerative processes in mammals, and that transient targeted modification of these pathways could be fruitfully exploited to enhance processes that are important to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason H Pomerantz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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39
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Chew TW, Liu XJ, Liu L, Spitsbergen JM, Gong Z, Low BC. Crosstalk of Ras and Rho: activation of RhoA abates Kras-induced liver tumorigenesis in transgenic zebrafish models. Oncogene 2013; 33:2717-27. [PMID: 23812423 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
RAS and Rho small GTPases are key molecular switches that control cell dynamics, cell growth and tissue development through their distinct signaling pathways. Although much has been learnt about their individual functions in both cell and animal models, the physiological and pathophysiological consequences of their signaling crosstalk in multi-cellular context in vivo remain largely unknown, especially in liver development and liver tumorigenesis. Furthermore, the roles of RhoA in RAS-mediated transformation and their crosstalk in vitro remain highly controversial. When challenged with carcinogens, zebrafish developed liver cancer that resembles the human liver cancer both molecularly and histopathologically. Capitalizing on the growing importance and relevance of zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an alternate cancer model, we have generated liver-specific, Tet-on-inducible transgenic lines expressing oncogenic Kras(G12V), RhoA, constitutively active RhoA(G14V) or dominant-negative RhoA(T19N). Double-transgenic lines expressing Kras(G12V) with one of the three RhoA genes were also generated. Based on quantitative bioimaging and molecular markers for genetic and signaling aberrations, we showed that the induced expression of oncogenic Kras during early development led to liver enlargement and hepatocyte proliferation, associated with elevated Erk phosphorylation, activation of Akt2 and modulation of its two downstream targets, p21Cip and S6 kinase. Such an increase in liver size and Akt2 expression was augmented by dominant-negative RhoA(T19N), but was abrogated by the constitutive-active RhoA(G14V). Consequently, induced expression of the oncogenic Kras in adult transgenic fish led to the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Survival studies further revealed that the co-expression of dominant-negative RhoA(T19N) with oncogenic Kras increased the mortality rate compared with the other single or double-transgenic lines. This study provides evidence of the previously unappreciated signaling crosstalk between Kras and RhoA in regulating liver overgrowth and liver tumorigenesis. Our results also implicate that activating Rho could be beneficial to suppress the Kras-induced liver malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Chew
- 1] Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [2] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - X J Liu
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - L Liu
- Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J M Spitsbergen
- Department of Microbiology and Marine and Freshwater Biomedical Sciences Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Z Gong
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - B C Low
- 1] Cell Signaling and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore [2] Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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40
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Sasaki T, Kishi S. Molecular and chemical genetic approaches to developmental origins of aging and disease in zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2013; 1832:1362-70. [PMID: 23660559 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of diseases increases rapidly with age, accompanied by progressive deteriorations of physiological functions in organisms. Aging-associated diseases are sporadic but mostly inevitable complications arising from senescence. Senescence is often considered the antithesis of early development, but yet there may be factors and mechanisms in common between these two phenomena over the dynamic process of aging. The association between early development and late-onset disease with advancing age is thought to come from a consequence of developmental plasticity, the phenomenon by which one genotype can give rise to a range of physiologically and/or morphologically adaptive states in response to different environmental or genetic perturbations. On the one hand, we hypothesized that the future aging process can be predictive based on adaptivity during the early developmental period. Modulating the thresholds of adaptive plasticity by chemical genetic approaches, we have been investigating whether any relationship exists between the regulatory mechanisms that function in early development and in senescence using the zebrafish (Danio rerio), a small freshwater fish and a useful model animal for genetic studies. We have successfully conducted experiments to isolate zebrafish mutants expressing apparently altered senescence phenotypes during embryogenesis ("embryonic senescence"), subsequently showing shortened lifespan in adulthoods. We anticipate that previously uncharacterized developmental genes may mediate the aging process and play a pivotal role in senescence. On the other hand, unexpected senescence-related genes might also be involved in the early developmental process and regulation. The ease of manipulation using the zebrafish system allows us to conduct an exhaustive exploration of novel genes and small molecular compounds that can be linked to the senescence phenotype, and thereby facilitates searching for the evolutionary and developmental origins of aging in vertebrates. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Animal Models of Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Sasaki
- Department of Metabolism & Aging, The Scripps Research Institute, USA
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41
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Paquette CE, Kent ML, Buchner C, Tanguay RL, Guillemin K, Mason TJ, Peterson TS. A retrospective study of the prevalence and classification of intestinal neoplasia in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Zebrafish 2013; 10:228-36. [PMID: 23544991 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2012.0828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
For over a decade, spontaneous intestinal neoplasia has been observed in zebrafish (Danio rerio) submitted to the ZIRC (Zebrafish International Resource Center) diagnostic service. In addition, zebrafish displayed preneoplastic intestinal changes including hyperplasia, dysplasia, and enteritis. A total of 195 zebrafish, representing 2% of the total fish submitted to the service, were diagnosed with these lesions. Neoplastic changes were classified either as adenocarcinoma or small cell carcinoma, with a few exceptions (carcinoma not otherwise specified, tubular adenoma, and tubulovillous adenoma). Tumor prevalence appeared similarly distributed between sexes and generally occurred in zebrafish greater than 1 year of age, although neoplastic changes were observed in fish 6 months of age. Eleven lines displayed these preneoplastic and neoplastic changes, including wild-types and mutants. Affected zebrafish originated from 18 facilities, but the majority of fish were from a single zebrafish research facility (hereafter referred to as the primary facility) that has submitted numerous samples to the ZIRC diagnostic service. Zebrafish from the primary facility submitted as normal sentinel fish demonstrate that these lesions are most often subclinical. Fish fed the diet from the primary facility and held at another location did not develop intestinal lesions, indicating that diet is not the etiologic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen E Paquette
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804, USA
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42
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Kent ML, Harper C, Wolf JC. Documented and potential research impacts of subclinical diseases in zebrafish. ILAR J 2012; 53:126-34. [PMID: 23382344 PMCID: PMC3703941 DOI: 10.1093/ilar.53.2.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a very important animal model in biomedical research. In contrast with other models, such as mice, there has been relatively little documentation or control of subclinical disease in zebrafish research facilities. Several infectious and noninfectious conditions are consistently detected by histopathology in apparently healthy D. rerio. The most commonly observed infectious agent in zebrafish is Pseudoloma neurophilia, which is a microsporidian organism that targets the central nervous system, peripheral nerves, and occasionally other tissues. Mycobacteriosis, caused by Mycobacterium chelonae and other species, is also a frequent finding. Less commonly encountered agents include Pseudocapillaria tomentosa, which can cause extensive proliferative enteritis, and a myxozoan (Myxidium sp.) that inhabits the urinary tract but appears to cause few if any pathological changes. Noninfectious diseases that are often clinically unapparent in zebrafish include hepatic megalocytosis, bile and pancreatic ductal proliferation, and neoplasms of the ultimobranchial gland, gastrointestinal tract, and testis. To date, there is little information on the degree to which these conditions may impact research in subclinically affected fish, but there is reason to believe that they should be considered as potentially significant causes of nonprotocol variation in experiments. Therefore, it is imperative that research facilities monitor their stocks for the presence of these occult diseases and be aware of their existence when interpreting study results. Furthermore, for underlying disease conditions that cannot be readily eradicated, it is essential to determine the physiological and immunological changes that they elicit in zebrafish. Understanding the cause, modes of transmission, and distribution of the pathogens would provide useful information for the development of control and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. Kent
- Department of Microbiology, 220 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 977331.
| | | | - Jeffrey C. Wolf
- DVM, Dipl. ACVP Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Inc. 45600 Terminal Drive, Sterling, VA, 20166 USA Tel: 703-471-7060 Ext 242 Fax: 703-471-8447
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