1
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Jiang W, Luo W, Zhang Z, He L, Qian Y, Zhou T. Hla protein expression and artesunate prevented mice from further damage caused by Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134099. [PMID: 39048008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The laboratory standard MRSA strain WHO-2 and clinical isolate S1 were used to establish a pneumonia infection model. The results showed that methicillin increased the expression of Hla and PVL protein at subminimum inhibitory concentration, while artesunate decreased the secretion of Hla and PVL protein. Artesunate alone reduced hemolysin expression and reversed methicillin-induced increases in Hla and PVL proteins. In addition, the study found that the combination of artesunate and methicillin had the best therapeutic effect, with survival rates of 70 % and 40 % at seven days, respectively (corresponding to the WHO-2 and S1 strains). The combination treatment was able to reduce cell mortality, showing a 65 % and 46 % reduction in cell mortality, respectively. The study also found that the combination therapy decreased the expression of alpha-hemolysin and pantone valentin leukin in the culture medium and significantly reduced the activation of NF-kB. This is caused by a significant decrease in the expression of inflammatory factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zimin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lu He
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Yan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400010, China.
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2
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Giraldo-Osorno PM, Wirsig K, Asa'ad F, Omar O, Trobos M, Bernhardt A, Palmquist A. Macrophage-to-osteocyte communication: Impact in a 3D in vitro implant-associated infection model. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00449-5. [PMID: 39142531 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages and osteocytes are important regulators of inflammation, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. However, their interactions under adverse conditions, such as biomaterial-associated infection (BAI) are not fully understood. We aimed to elucidate how factors released from macrophages modulate osteocyte responses in an in vitro indirect 3D co-culture model. Human monocyte-derived macrophages were cultured on etched titanium disks and activated with either IL-4 cytokine (anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype) or Staphylococcus aureus secreted virulence factors to simulate BAI (pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype). Primary osteocytes in collagen gels were then stimulated with conditioned media (CM) from these macrophages. The osteocyte response was analyzed by gene expression, protein secretion, and immunostaining. M1 phenotype macrophages were confirmed by IL-1β and TNF-α secretion, and M2 macrophages by ARG-1 and MRC-1.Osteocytes receiving M1 CM revealed bone inhibitory effects, denoted by reduced secretion of bone formation osteocalcin (BGLAP) and increased secretion of the bone inhibitory sclerostin (SOST). These osteocytes also downregulated the pro-mineralization gene PHEX and upregulated the anti-mineralization gene MEPE. Additionally, exhibited pro-osteoclastic potential by upregulating pro-osteoclastic gene RANKL expression. Nonetheless, M1-stimulated osteocytes expressed a higher level of the potent pro-osteogenic factor BMP-2 in parallel with the downregulation of the bone inhibitor genes DKK1 and SOST, suggesting a compensatory feedback mechanisms. Conversely, M2-stimulated osteocytes mainly upregulated anti-osteoclastic gene OPG expression, suggesting an anti-catabolic effect. Altogether, our findings demonstrate a strong communication between M1 macrophages and osteocytes under M1 (BAI)-simulated conditions, suggesting that the BAI adverse effects on osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes in vitro are partly mediated via this communication. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Biomaterial-associated infections are major challenges and the underlying mechanisms in the cellular interactions are missing, especially among the major cells from the inflammatory side (macrophages as the key cell in bacterial clearance) and the regenerative side (osteocyte as main regulator of bone). We evaluated the effect of macrophage polarization driven by the stimulation with bacterial virulence factors on the osteocyte function using an indirect co-culture model, hence mimicking the scenario of a biomaterial-associated infection. The results suggest that at least part of the adverse effects of biomaterial associated infection on osteoblastic and osteoclastic processes in vitro are mediated via macrophage-to-osteocyte communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Milena Giraldo-Osorno
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katharina Wirsig
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | - Farah Asa'ad
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Oral Biochemistry, Institute of Odontology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Omar Omar
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anne Bernhardt
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre for Translational Bone, Joint and Soft Tissue Research, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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3
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Tao Z, Wang H, Ke K, Shi D, Zhu L. Flavone inhibits Staphylococcus aureus virulence via inhibiting the sae two component system. Microb Pathog 2023; 180:106128. [PMID: 37148922 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rising prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus calls for the development of innovative antimicrobial agents targeting novel pathways. S. aureus generates various virulence factors that compromise host defense mechanisms. Flavone, a core structure of flavonoids, has been shown to diminish the production of staphyloxanthin and alpha-hemolysin. Nonetheless, the influence of flavone on the majority of other virulence factors in S. aureus and its underlying molecular mechanism remain elusive. In this study, we examined the impact of flavone on the transcriptional profile of S. aureus using transcriptome sequencing. Our findings revealed that flavone substantially downregulated the expression of over 30 virulence factors implicated in immune evasion by the pathogen. Gene set enrichment analysis of the fold change-ranked gene list in relation to the Sae regulon indicated a robust association between flavone-induced downregulation and membership in the Sae regulon. Through the analysis of Sae target promoter-gfp fusion expression patterns, we observed a dose-dependent inhibition of Sae target promoter activity by flavone. Moreover, we discovered that flavone protected human neutrophils from S. aureus-mediated killing. Flavone also decreased the expression of alpha-hemolysin and other hemolytic toxins, resulting in a reduction in S. aureus' hemolytic capacity. Additionally, our data suggested that the inhibitory effect of flavone on the Sae system operates independently of its capacity to lower staphyloxanthin levels. In conclusion, our study proposes that flavone exhibits a broad inhibitory action on multiple virulence factors of S. aureus by targeting the Sae system, consequently diminishing the bacterium's pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhua Tao
- Institute of Eco-Environmental Research, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Marine Natural Products and Combinatorial Biosynthesis Chemistry, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, China.
| | - Haoren Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, 154002, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Ke Ke
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, China.
| | - Deqiang Shi
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, China.
| | - Libo Zhu
- Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanning, 530003, Guangxi, China.
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4
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Chen Z, Wang K, Guo J, Zhou J, Loor JJ, Yang Z, Yang Y. Melatonin Maintains Homeostasis and Potentiates the Anti-inflammatory Response in Staphylococcus aureus-Induced Mastitis through microRNA-16b/YAP1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:15255-15270. [PMID: 36399659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a highly infectious pathogen and is a considerable threat to food hygiene and safety. Although melatonin is thought to exert an ameliorative effect on bovine mastitis, the regulatory mechanisms are unclear. In this study, we first verified the therapeutic effect of melatonin against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo, a screening of differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs among the blank, and S. aureus and melatonin + S. aureus groups by high-throughput sequencing identified miR-16b and YAP1, which exhibited 1.95-fold upregulated and 1.05-fold downregulated expression, respectively. Moreover, epigenetic studies showed that S. aureus inhibited miR-16b expression by methylation (increased DNMT1 expression). Additionally, the DNMT1 expression level was significantly decreased by melatonin treatment, which might indicate that the inhibition of DNMT1 by melatonin reduces the effect of S. aureus on miR-16b. The flow cytometry, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, EdU assay, and cell morphology results indicated that miR-16b in bovine mammary epithelial cells (in vitro) and in mice (in vivo) can modulate the maintenance of homeostasis and potentiate the anti-inflammatory response. In addition, YAP1 was demonstrated to be the target gene of miR-16b through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation, and functional assays. This study indicates that melatonin inhibits S. aureus-induced inflammation via microRNA-16b/YAP1-mediated regulation, and these findings might provide a new strategy for the prevention of bovine mastitis, facilitating further studies good of zoonotic diseases caused by S. aureus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Kun Wang
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | - Jiahe Guo
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
| | | | - Juan J Loor
- University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | | | - Yi Yang
- Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, PR China
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5
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Ahmad-Mansour N, Loubet P, Pouget C, Dunyach-Remy C, Sotto A, Lavigne JP, Molle V. Staphylococcus aureus Toxins: An Update on Their Pathogenic Properties and Potential Treatments. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:677. [PMID: 34678970 PMCID: PMC8540901 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a clinically important pathogen that causes a wide range of human infections, from minor skin infections to severe tissue infection and sepsis. S. aureus has a high level of antibiotic resistance and is a common cause of infections in hospitals and the community. The rising prevalence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA), combined with the important severity of S. aureus infections in general, has resulted in the frequent use of anti-staphylococcal antibiotics, leading to increasing resistance rates. Antibiotic-resistant S. aureus continues to be a major health concern, necessitating the development of novel therapeutic strategies. S. aureus uses a wide range of virulence factors, such as toxins, to develop an infection in the host. Recently, anti-virulence treatments that directly or indirectly neutralize S. aureus toxins have showed promise. In this review, we provide an update on toxin pathogenic characteristics, as well as anti-toxin therapeutical strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Ahmad-Mansour
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, CNRS UMR5235, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
| | - Paul Loubet
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Cassandra Pouget
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France;
| | - Catherine Dunyach-Remy
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (C.D.-R.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Albert Sotto
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Jean-Philippe Lavigne
- Virulence Bactérienne et Infections Chroniques, INSERM U1047, Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Université de Montpellier, 30908 Nîmes, France; (C.D.-R.); (J.-P.L.)
| | - Virginie Molle
- Laboratory of Pathogen Host Interactions, CNRS UMR5235, Université de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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6
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Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is both a commensal and a pathogenic bacterium for humans. Its ability to induce severe infections is based on a wide range of virulence factors. S. aureus community-acquired pneumonia (SA-CAP) is rare and severe, and the contribution of certain virulence factors in this disease has been recognized over the past 2 decades. First, the factors involved in metabolism adaptation are crucial for S. aureus survival in the lower respiratory tract, and toxins and enzymes are required for it to cross the pulmonary epithelial barrier. S. aureus subsequently faces host defense mechanisms, including the epithelial barrier, but most importantly the immune system. Here, again, S. aureus uses myriad virulence factors to successfully escape from the host's defenses and takes advantage of them. The impact of S. aureus virulence, combined with the collateral damage caused by an overwhelming immune response, leads to severe tissue damage and adverse clinical outcomes. In this review, we summarize step by step all of the S. aureus factors implicated in CAP and described to date, and we provide an outlook for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Pivard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Karen Moreau
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Université de Lyon, Inserm, U1111, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Centre National de Référence des Staphylocoques, Institut des agents infectieux, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
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7
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Souli M, Ruffin F, Choi SH, Park LP, Gao S, Lent NC, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Thaden JT, Maskarinec SA, Wanda L, Hill-Rorie J, Warren B, Hansen B, Fowler VG. Changing Characteristics of Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia: Results From a 21-Year, Prospective, Longitudinal Study. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:1868-1877. [PMID: 31001618 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We conducted a longitudinal study to evaluate changes in the clinical presentation and epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) in an academic, US medical center. METHODS Consecutive patients with monomicrobial SAB were enrolled from January 1995 to December 2015. Each person's initial bloodstream S. aureus isolate was genotyped using spa typing. Clonal complexes (CCs) were assigned using Ridom StaphType software. Changes over time in both the patient and bacterial characteristics were estimated with linear regression. Associations between genotypes or clinical characteristics and complications were estimated using multivariable regression models. RESULTS Among the 2348 eligible participants, 54.2% had an implantable, foreign body of some type. This proportion increased significantly during the 21-year study period, by 0.96% annually (P = .002), as did comorbid conditions and acquisition outside of the hospital. Rates of any metastatic complication also significantly increased, by 0.94% annually (P = .019). Among the corresponding bloodstream S. aureus isolates, spa-CC012 (multi-locus sequence type [MLST] CC30), -CC004 (MLST CC45), -CC189 (MLST CC1), and -CC084 (MLST CC15) all significantly declined during the study period, while spa-CC008 (MLST CC8) significantly increased. Patients with SAB due to spa-CC008 were significantly more likely to develop metastatic complications in general, and abscesses, septic emboli, and persistent bacteremia in particular. After adjusting for demographic, racial, and clinical variables, the USA300 variant of spa-CC008 was independently associated with metastatic complications (odds ratio 1.42; 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.99). CONCLUSIONS Systematic approaches for monitoring complications of SAB and genotyping the corresponding bloodstream isolates will help identify the emergence of hypervirulent clones and likely improve clinical management of this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Souli
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina.,Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, Greece
| | - Felicia Ruffin
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lawrence P Park
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Shengli Gao
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,The First People's Hospital of Wujiang District, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | | | | | - Joshua T Thaden
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina
| | | | - Lisa Wanda
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Jonathan Hill-Rorie
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bobby Warren
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina
| | - Brenda Hansen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Pediatric Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
| | - Vance G Fowler
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, North Carolina.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina
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8
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α-Hemolysin suppresses osteogenesis by inducing lipid rafts accumulation in bone marrow stromal cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 145:111689. [PMID: 32810588 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
α-hemolysin (Hla) is considered an essential virulent factor for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) toxicity, the mechanism by which Hla affect bone metabolism is poorly understood. In this study, 2-month-old C57BL/6 mice were treated with Hla (40 μg/kg, i.p.) or S. aureus (1 × 106 CFU/ml, 100 μl, i.v.) with the presence or absence of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) (300 mg/kg, i.p.). MicroCT analysis showed progressive bone loss from week 2 to week 4 after Hla treatment, accompanied by a decreased osteoblasts and increased osteoclasts in femoral metaphysis in mice. Further, Hla stimulated the expression of Caveolin-1 in vivo and in vitro, activated lipid rafts accumulation in cell membrane of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), and suppressed osteogenesis of BMSCs. Destruction of lipid rafts with MβCD or inhibition of Caveolin-1 with Daidzein blocked the detrimental effect of Hla on osteogenesis of BMSCs. Importantly, treating mice with MβCD rescued the loss of osteoblasts and increased osteoclastogenesis induced by Hla as well as the bone loss induced by S. aureus infection. Together, we demonstrate that Hla induces bone destruction directly by suppressing osteogenesis and indirectly by stimulating osteoclastogenesis, and that lipid rafts may mediate the detrimental effect of Hla and S. aureus on osteogenesis and bone formation.
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9
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Abstract
Osteomyelitis, or inflammation of bone, is most commonly caused by invasion of bacterial pathogens into the skeleton. Bacterial osteomyelitis is notoriously difficult to treat, in part because of the widespread antimicrobial resistance in the preeminent etiologic agent, the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial osteomyelitis triggers pathological bone remodeling, which in turn leads to sequestration of infectious foci from innate immune effectors and systemically delivered antimicrobials. Treatment of osteomyelitis therefore typically consists of long courses of antibiotics in conjunction with surgical debridement of necrotic infected tissues. Even with these extreme measures, many patients go on to develop chronic infection or sustain disease comorbidities. A better mechanistic understanding of how bacteria invade, survive within, and trigger pathological remodeling of bone could therefore lead to new therapies aimed at prevention or treatment of osteomyelitis as well as amelioration of disease morbidity. In this minireview, we highlight recent developments in our understanding of how pathogens invade and survive within bone, how bacterial infection or resulting innate immune responses trigger changes in bone remodeling, and how model systems can be leveraged to identify new therapeutic targets. We review the current state of osteomyelitis epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic guidelines to help direct future research in bacterial pathogenesis.
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10
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Pereira-Franchi EPL, Barreira MRN, da Costa NDSLM, Riboli DFM, Abraão LM, Martins KB, Victória C, Cunha MDLRDSD. Molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Brazilian primary health care system. Trop Med Int Health 2019; 24:339-347. [PMID: 30549385 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the molecular epidemiology and to georeference Staphylococcus aureus isolated from wounds and nares of patients seen at Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a Brazilian city. METHODS Observational, cross-sectional study conducted from 2010 to 2013. A total of 119 S. aureus strains isolated from the wounds and nares of 88 patients were studied. The isolates were characterised by identifying virulence genes encoding enterotoxins A-E, haemolysins α, β and δ, exfoliatins A, B and D, biofilm production, Panton-Valentine Leukocidin and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1, and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multilocus sequence and spa typing. RESULTS Eighteen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (6 SCCmec type II and 12 SCCmec type IV) and 101 (85%) MSSA were identified. PFGE typing resulted in the formation of eight clusters, with STs 1, 5, 8, 30, 188, 1176 and 1635 and spa type t002 being the predominant types among MSSA. The 18 MRSA belonged to STs 5, 8 and 1176 and spa types t002 and t062. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate widespread dissemination of MSSA and MRSA clones carrying haemolysin, biofilm and toxin genes. Kernel density estimation revealed the highest density of S. aureus in the 4, 5 and 8 BHUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Patricia Lino Pereira-Franchi
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Maria Rachel Nogueira Barreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Natália de Sousa Lima Moreira da Costa
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Danilo Flávio Moraes Riboli
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ligia Maria Abraão
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil.,Departamento de Doenças Tropicais, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Katheryne Benini Martins
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Cassiano Victória
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" - UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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11
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Fulminant staphylococcal infection indicates an explosive, intense, and severe infection occurring in a patient whose previous condition and antecedent would never have caused any anticipation of life-threatening development. This includes necrotizing pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, and to some extent toxic shock syndrome and infective endocarditis. In the three former diseases, toxin production plays a major role whereas in the latter (fulminant presentation of infective endocarditis), association with any particular toxinic profile has never been demonstrated. This article reviews the clinical, pathophysiological, and therapeutic aspects of these diseases.
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12
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Shibue Y, Kimura S, Kajiwara C, Iwakura Y, Yamaguchi K, Tateda K. Role of interleukin-17 in a murine community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia model. Microbes Infect 2018; 21:33-39. [PMID: 30026066 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-17 is a key member of the Th17 cytokines and has been reported to be involved in the pathomechanisms underlying various diseases, including infectious diseases. Infections with community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) have garnered worldwide attention, and the representative USA300 strain is known to cause pneumonia in healthy people, which can be lethal. However, little is known about the role of IL-17 in CA-MRSA pneumonia. In this study, we investigated the role of IL-17 in a CA-MRSA pneumonia animal model. Mortality was higher and occurred at an earlier stage of infection in the IL-17A-knockout mice than in the wild-type (P < 0.01) and IL-17A/F-knockout mice (P < 0.05); however, no significant difference in the intrapulmonary bacterial counts was observed among the three groups of mice. Moreover, the IL-17A-knockout group showed significantly higher levels of IL-17F and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and a significantly higher neutrophil count in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid than the other groups. These results confirmed that G-CSF expression significantly increased, and significant neutrophilic inflammation occurred under conditions of IL-17A deficiency in the murine CA-MRSA pneumonia model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Shibue
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan; First Department of Medicine, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Kita 15, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kimura
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Chiaki Kajiwara
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Iwakura
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamasaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-0022, Japan
| | - Keizo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, 5-21-16, Omori-nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
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Brandt SL, Putnam NE, Cassat JE, Serezani CH. Innate Immunity to Staphylococcus aureus: Evolving Paradigms in Soft Tissue and Invasive Infections. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2018; 200:3871-3880. [PMID: 29866769 PMCID: PMC6028009 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of diseases that together embody a significant public health burden. Aided by metabolic flexibility and a large virulence repertoire, S. aureus has the remarkable ability to hematogenously disseminate and infect various tissues, including skin, lung, heart, and bone, among others. The hallmark lesions of invasive staphylococcal infections, abscesses, simultaneously denote the powerful innate immune responses to tissue invasion as well as the ability of staphylococci to persist within these lesions. In this article, we review the innate immune responses to S. aureus during infection of skin and bone, which serve as paradigms for soft tissue and bone disease, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Brandt
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - Nicole E Putnam
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - James E Cassat
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232; and
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - C Henrique Serezani
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232;
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232
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Prevalence of IgG and Neutralizing Antibodies against Staphylococcus aureus Alpha-Toxin in Healthy Human Subjects and Diverse Patient Populations. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00671-17. [PMID: 29263109 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00671-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus causes an array of serious infections resulting in high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study evaluated naturally occurring serum anti-alpha-toxin (anti-AT) antibody levels in human subjects from various age groups, individuals with S. aureus dialysis and surgical-site infections, and S. aureus-colonized versus noncolonized subjects. Anti-AT immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibody (NAb) levels in infants (aged ≤1 year) were significantly lower than those in other populations. In comparison to adolescent, adult, and elderly populations, young children (aged 2 to 10 years) had equivalent anti-AT IgG levels but significantly lower anti-AT NAb levels. Therefore, the development of anti-AT NAbs appears to occur later than that of AT-specific IgG, suggesting a maturation of the immune response to AT. Anti-AT IgG levels were slightly higher in S. aureus-colonized subjects than in noncolonized subjects. The methicillin susceptibility status of colonizing isolates had no effect on anti-AT antibody levels in S. aureus-colonized subjects. The highest anti-AT IgG and NAb levels were observed in dialysis patients with acute S. aureus infection. Anti-AT IgG and NAb levels were well correlated in subjects aged >10 years, regardless of colonization or infection status. These data demonstrate that AT elicits a robust IgG humoral response in infants and young children that becomes stable prior to adolescence, matures into higher levels of NAbs in healthy adolescents, and becomes elevated during S. aureus infection. These findings may assist in identifying subjects and patient populations that could benefit from vaccination or immunoprophylaxis with anti-AT monoclonal antibodies.
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Kane TL, Carothers KE, Lee SW. Virulence Factor Targeting of the Bacterial Pathogen Staphylococcus aureus for Vaccine and Therapeutics. Curr Drug Targets 2018; 19:111-127. [PMID: 27894236 PMCID: PMC5957279 DOI: 10.2174/1389450117666161128123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a major bacterial pathogen capable of causing a range of infections in humans from gastrointestinal disease, skin and soft tissue infections, to severe outcomes such as sepsis. Staphylococcal infections in humans can be frequent and recurring, with treatments becoming less effective due to the growing persistence of antibiotic resistant S. aureus strains. Due to the prevalence of antibiotic resistance, and the current limitations on antibiotic development, an active and highly promising avenue of research has been to develop strategies to specifically inhibit the activity of virulence factors produced S. aureus as an alternative means to treat disease. OBJECTIVE In this review we specifically highlight several major virulence factors produced by S. aureus for which recent advances in antivirulence approaches may hold promise as an alternative means to treating diseases caused by this pathogen. Strategies to inhibit virulence factors can range from small molecule inhibitors, to antibodies, to mutant and toxoid forms of the virulence proteins. CONCLUSION The major prevalence of antibiotic resistant strains of S. aureus combined with the lack of new antibiotic discoveries highlight the need for vigorous research into alternative strategies to combat diseases caused by this highly successful pathogen. Current efforts to develop specific antivirulence strategies, vaccine approaches, and alternative therapies for treating severe disease caused by S. aureus have the potential to stem the tide against the limitations that we face in the post-antibiotic era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor L. Kane
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Katelyn E. Carothers
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Shaun W. Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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16
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Recker M, Laabei M, Toleman MS, Reuter S, Saunderson RB, Blane B, Török ME, Ouadi K, Stevens E, Yokoyama M, Steventon J, Thompson L, Milne G, Bayliss S, Bacon L, Peacock SJ, Massey RC. Clonal differences in Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia-associated mortality. Nat Microbiol 2017; 2:1381-1388. [PMID: 28785103 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-017-0001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen for which the emergence of antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern. Infection severity, and in particular bacteraemia-associated mortality, has been attributed to several host-related factors, such as age and the presence of comorbidities. The role of the bacterium in infection severity is less well understood, as it is complicated by the multifaceted nature of bacterial virulence, which has so far prevented a robust mapping between genotype, phenotype and infection outcome. To investigate the role of bacterial factors in contributing to bacteraemia-associated mortality, we phenotyped a collection of sequenced clinical S. aureus isolates from patients with bloodstream infections, representing two globally important clonal types, CC22 and CC30. By adopting a genome-wide association study approach we identified and functionally verified several genetic loci that affect the expression of cytolytic toxicity and biofilm formation. By analysing the pooled data comprising bacterial genotype and phenotype together with clinical metadata within a machine-learning framework, we found significant clonal differences in the determinants most predictive of poor infection outcome. Whereas elevated cytolytic toxicity in combination with low levels of biofilm formation was predictive of an increased risk of mortality in infections by strains of a CC22 background, these virulence-specific factors had little influence on mortality rates associated with CC30 infections. Our results therefore suggest that different clones may have adopted different strategies to overcome host responses and cause severe pathology. Our study further demonstrates the use of a combined genomics and data analytic approach to enhance our understanding of bacterial pathogenesis at the individual level, which will be an important step towards personalized medicine and infectious disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Recker
- Centre for Mathematics & the Environment, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Maisem Laabei
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Sandra Reuter
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | | | - Beth Blane
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M Estee Török
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Khadija Ouadi
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Emily Stevens
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Maho Yokoyama
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Joseph Steventon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Luke Thompson
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Gregory Milne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sion Bayliss
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Leann Bacon
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Sharon J Peacock
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Ruth C Massey
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry and the Milner Centre for Evolution, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. .,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK.
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Abstract
The community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) epidemic in the United States is largely attributable to the meteoric rise of a single clone, referred to as USA300. This strain not only spread across the United States in just a few years to become the predominant cause of staphylococcal disease, but it also appears to have increased the overall number of skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTIs), increasing the overall disease burden. While USA300 still constitutes a major public health burden, its prevalence may be decreasing in some parts of the United States. Other than an epidemic in South America due to a closely related strain, USA300 also seems to have been largely unable to establish itself as an endemic infection in other geographic locations. While there have been several hypotheses put forward to explain the enormous success of USA300, the reasons for its failures and its potential fall remain obscure. Far from being unique to USA300, the rise and fall of specific clones of S. aureus in human populations seems to be a common process that has occurred multiple times and in multiple locations. This review charts the rise of USA300 and the evidence that suggests that it may be in decline, and it considers how best to understand the future spread, containment, and possible extinction of CA-MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Planet
- Sackler Institute for Comparative Genomics, American Museum of Natural History, New York.,Pediatric Infectious Disease Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.,Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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18
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Seilie ES, Bubeck Wardenburg J. Staphylococcus aureus pore-forming toxins: The interface of pathogen and host complexity. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 72:101-116. [PMID: 28445785 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a prominent human pathogen capable of infecting a variety of host species and tissue sites. This versatility stems from the pathogen's ability to secrete diverse host-damaging virulence factors. Among these factors, the S. aureus pore-forming toxins (PFTs) α-toxin and the bicomponent leukocidins, have garnered much attention for their ability to lyse cells at low concentrations and modulate disease severity. Although many of these toxins were discovered nearly a century ago, their host cell specificities have only been elucidated over the past five to six years, starting with the discovery of the eukaryotic receptor for α-toxin and rapidly followed by identification of the leukocidin receptors. The identification of these receptors has revealed the species- and cell type-specificity of toxin binding, and provided insight into non-lytic effects of PFT intoxication that contribute to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sachiko Seilie
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
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19
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Bamberger DM. The Role of Panton-Valentine Leukocidin: The Pendulum Swings. J Infect Dis 2016; 215:1346-1348. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiw429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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20
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Davido B, Saleh-Mghir A, Laurent F, Danel C, Couzon F, Gatin L, Vandenesch F, Rasigade JP, Crémieux AC. Phenol-Soluble Modulins Contribute to Early Sepsis Dissemination Not Late Local USA300-Osteomyelitis Severity in Rabbits. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157133. [PMID: 27275944 PMCID: PMC4898696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In bone and joint infections (BJIs), bacterial toxins are major virulence factors: Panton—Valentine leukocidin (PVL) expression leads to severe local damage, including bone distortion and abscesses, while α-hemolysin (Hla) production is associated with severe sepsis-related mortality. Recently, other toxins, namely phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs) expressed by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strain USA300 (LAC WT) were shown to have ex vivo intracellular cytotoxic activity after S. aureus invasion of osteoblasts, but their in vivo contribution in a relatively PVL-sensitive osteomyelitis model remains poorly elucidated. Materials and Methods We compared the outcomes of experimental rabbit osteomyelitises induced with pvl+hla+psms+ LAC WT and its isogenic Δpsm derivatives (LAC Δpsmα and LAC Δpsmαβhld) using an inoculum of 3 × 108 CFUs. Mortality, hematogenous spread (blood culture, spleen and kidney), lung and bone involvements were assessed in two groups (non-survivors of severe sepsis and survivors sacrificed on day (D) 14). Results Severe sepsis-related mortality tended to be lower for Δpsm derivatives (Kaplan—Meier curves, P = .06). Non-survivors’ bone LAC-Δpsmα (6.9 log10 CFUs/g of bone, P = .04) or -Δpsmαβhld (6.86 log10 CFUs/g of bone, P = .014) densities were significantly higher than LAC WT (6.43 log10 CFUs/g of bone). Conversely, lung Δpsmαβhld CFUs were significantly lower than LAC WT (P = .04). LAC Δpsmα, Δpsmαβhld and WT induced similar bone damage in D14 survivors, with comparable bacterial densities (respectively: 5.89, 5.91, and 6.15 log10 CFUs/g of bone). Meanwhile, pulmonary histological scores of inflammation were significantly higher for LAC Δpsmα- and Δpsmαβhld-infected rabbits compared to LAC WT (P = .04 and .01, respectively) but with comparable lung bacterial densities. Conclusion Our experimental results showed that deactivating PSM peptides significantly limited bacterial dissemination from bone during the early phase of infection, but did not affect local severity of USA300 rabbit osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Davido
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and EA 3647, Faculté de Médecine Paris–Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Azzam Saleh-Mghir
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and EA 3647, Faculté de Médecine Paris–Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - Frédéric Laurent
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon–Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claire Danel
- Département de Pathologie, UFR de Médecine Paris 7, site Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Florence Couzon
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon–Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Laure Gatin
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and EA 3647, Faculté de Médecine Paris–Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
| | - François Vandenesch
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon–Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Rasigade
- CIRI, International Center for Infectiology Research, Inserm U1111-CNRS UMR5308, ENS Lyon–Université Lyon 1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Claude Crémieux
- Département de Médecine Aigüe Spécialisée, Hôpital Universitaire Raymond-Poincaré, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Garches, and EA 3647, Faculté de Médecine Paris–Île-de-France Ouest, Université Versailles–Saint-Quentin, Versailles, France
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21
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Chen YG, Zhang Y, Deng LQ, Chen H, Zhang YJ, Zhou NJ, Yuan K, Yu LZ, Xiong ZH, Gui XM, Yu YR, Wu XM, Min WP. Control of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia Utilizing TLR2 Agonist Pam3CSK4. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149233. [PMID: 26974438 PMCID: PMC4790907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a critical health issue that has drawn greater attention to the potential use of immunotherapy. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), a pattern recognition receptor, is an essential component in host innate defense system against S. aureus infection. However, little is known about the innate immune response, specifically TLR2 activation, against MRSA infection. Here, we evaluate the protective effect and the mechanism of MRSA murine pneumonia after pretreatment with Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist. We found that the MRSA-pneumonia mouse model, pretreated with Pam3CSK4, had reduced bacteria and mortality in comparison to control mice. As well, lower protein and mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 were observed in lungs and bronchus of the Pam3CSK4 pretreatment group. Conversely, expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, but not TGF-β, increased in Pam3CSK4-pretreated mice. Our additional studies showed that CXCL-2 and CXCL1, which are necessary for neutrophil recruitment, were less evident in the Pam3CSK4-pretreated group compared to control group, whereas the expression of Fcγ receptors (FcγⅠ/Ⅲ) and complement receptors (CR1/3) increased in murine lungs. Furthermore, we found that increased survival and improved bacterial clearance were not a result of higher levels of neutrophil infiltration, but rather a result of enhanced phagocytosis and bactericidal activity of neutrophils in vitro and in vivo as well as increased robust oxidative activity and release of lactoferrin. Our cumulative findings suggest that Pam3CSK4 could be a novel immunotherapeutic candidate against MRSA pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Guo Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Lin-Qiang Deng
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yu-Juan Zhang
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Nan-Jin Zhou
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Keng Yuan
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Li-Zhi Yu
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Zhang-Hua Xiong
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Xiao-Mei Gui
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Yan-Rong Yu
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Mu Wu
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
| | - Wei-Ping Min
- Medical Laboratory, Jiangxi Provincial People’s Hospital, and Institute of Immunotherapy, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330008 China
- Jiangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunotherapy, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
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22
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Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Infection and Asymptomatic Carriers in Southwest Nigeria. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0137531. [PMID: 26348037 PMCID: PMC4562701 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few reports from Africa suggest that resistance pattern, virulence factors and genotypes differ between Staphylococcus aureus from nasal carriage and clinical infection. We therefore compared antimicrobial resistance, selected virulence factors and genotypes of S. aureus from nasal carriage and clinical infection in Southwest Nigeria. Non-duplicate S. aureus isolates were obtained from infection (n = 217) and asymptomatic carriers (n = 73) during a cross sectional study in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria from 2010–2011. Susceptibility testing was performed using Vitek automated systems. Selected virulence factors were detected by PCR. The population structure was assessed using spa typing. The spa clonal complexes (spa-CC) were deduced using the Based Upon Repeat Pattern algorithm (BURP). Resistance was higher for aminoglycosides in clinical isolates while resistances to quinolones and tetracycline were more prevalent in carrier isolates. The Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) was more frequently detected in isolates from infection compared to carriage (80.2 vs 53.4%; p<0.001, chi2-test). Seven methicillin resistant S. aureus isolates were associated with spa types t002, t008, t064, t194, t8439, t8440 and t8441. The predominant spa types among the methicillin-susceptible S. aureus isolates were t084 (65.5%), t2304 (4.4%) and t8435 (4.1%). spa-CC 084 was predominant among isolates from infection (80.3%, n = 167) and was significantly associated with PVL (OR = 7.1, 95%CI: 3.9–13.2, p<0.001, chi2- test). In conclusion, PVL positive isolates were more frequently detected among isolates from infection compared to carriage and are associated with spa-CC 084.
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23
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Figueiredo AMS, Ferreira FA. The multifaceted resources and microevolution of the successful human and animal pathogen methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 109:265-78. [PMID: 24789555 PMCID: PMC4131778 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276140016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most important bacterial pathogens based on its incidence and the severity of its associated infections. In addition, severe MRSA infections can occur in hospitalised patients or healthy individuals from the community. Studies have shown the infiltration of MRSA isolates of community origin into hospitals and variants of hospital-associated MRSA have caused infections in the community. These rapid epidemiological changes represent a challenge for the molecular characterisation of such bacteria as a hospital or community-acquired pathogen. To efficiently control the spread of MRSA, it is important to promptly detect the mecA gene, which is the determinant of methicillin resistance, using a polymerase chain reaction-based test or other rapidly and accurate methods that detect the mecA product penicillin-binding protein (PBP)2a or PBP2'. The recent emergence of MRSA isolates that harbour a mecA allotype, i.e., the mecC gene, infecting animals and humans has raised an additional and significant issue regarding MRSA laboratory detection. Antimicrobial drugs for MRSA therapy are becoming depleted and vancomycin is still the main choice in many cases. In this review, we present an overview of MRSA infections in community and healthcare settings with focus on recent changes in the global epidemiology, with special reference to the MRSA picture in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Marie Sá Figueiredo
- Departamento de Microbiologia Médica , Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de
Góes , Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro , Rio de Janeiro , RJ ,
Brasil
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