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Yao H, Zhou Y, Geng Z, Gao F, Su D, Kang Y, Fu B. IMPLICATIONS OF YWHAH GENE EXPRESSION IN THE EARLY DETECTION OF SEPSIS. Shock 2024; 62:357-362. [PMID: 38904460 PMCID: PMC11460737 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Sepsis, a complex and multifaceted condition, is a common occurrence with serious implications for critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). The YWHAH gene encodes the 14-3-3n protein, a member of the 14-3-3 protein family. While existing research primarily focuses on the role of 14-3-3n in conditions such as schizophrenia and various cancers, our study revealed that the expression of the YWHAH gene remained relatively stable in both infected individuals and healthy controls. Through Venn plot analysis following weighted gene correlation network analysis, we observed a potential association between elevated YWHAH expression and the transition from infection to sepsis. In a comprehensive analysis of public single-cell transcriptome databases, the expression of YWHAH was found to be distinctive in cases of sepsis and infection. These findings were corroborated through an in vitro analysis utilizing real-time polymerase chain reaction. This study represents the initial identification of variations in YWHAH gene expression between patients with infection and sepsis, potentially offering insights for the development of early detection and treatment strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengguang Geng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - De Su
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yan Kang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bao Fu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Arias-Colinas M, Gea A, Khattab A, Vassallo M, Allen SC, Kwan J. Inflammatory Cytokines Are Associated with Cognitive Dysfunction and Depressive State during Acute Bacterial Infections and the Recovery Phase. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14221. [PMID: 37762523 PMCID: PMC10532050 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During a bacterial infection, individuals may present with behavioral changes referred to as sickness behavior, which has been suggested is induced by the inflammatory markers that are released because of the infective immunological challenge. However, few studies have explored this multidimensional phenomenon in naturally occurring conditions. A longitudinal observational study was conducted to explore the role of inflammatory cytokines in mediating the sickness behavior during a bacterial infection. There were 13, 11 and 37 participants in the infection, hospital control and healthy groups, respectively. They were all followed up for 6 weeks and their inflammatory markers were quantified throughout those weeks. Cognitive function and depressive state were assessed by means of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Reductions in proinflammatory markers C-Reactive protein (CRP), interleukin - 6 (IL6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and increments in anti-inflammatory markers (interleukin - 4 (IL4)) were associated with an improvement in CSDD and MSEE in patients recovering from a bacterial infection. The correlation between inflammatory makers and CSDD was statistically significant for the CRP (r = 0.535, p = 0.001), the IL6 (r = 0.499, p < 0.001), the TNFα (r = 0.235, p = 0.007) and the IL4 (r = -0.321, p = 0.018). Inflammatory cytokines may mediate sickness behavior during acute illness. These results may enhance the understanding of the pathophysiology and potential treatment strategies to palliate this sickness behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Arias-Colinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition, (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Khattab
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK; (A.K.); (M.V.); (S.C.A.)
| | - Michael Vassallo
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK; (A.K.); (M.V.); (S.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK
| | - Stephen C. Allen
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK; (A.K.); (M.V.); (S.C.A.)
- Department of Medicine for Older People, Royal Bournemouth Hospital, Bournemouth BH7 7DW, UK
| | - Joseph Kwan
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College, London W12 0NN, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interleukin-38 (IL-38), a new type of cytokine, is involved in processes such as tissue repair, inflammatory response, and immune response. However, its function in pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is still unclear. METHODS In this study, we detected circulating IL-38 and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17A, TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 in adults affected by early stage pneumonia caused by P. aeruginosa. Collected clinical data of these patients, such as the APACHE II score, levels of PCT, and oxygenation index when they entering the ICU. Using P. aeruginosa-induced pneumonia WT murine model to evaluate the effect of IL-38 on Treg differentiation, cell apoptosis, survival, tissue damage, inflammation, and bacterial removal. RESULTS In clinical research, although IL-38 is significantly increased during the early stages of clinical P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the concentration of IL-38 in the serum of patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia was relatively lower than that of surviving patients. It reveals IL-38 may insufficiently secreted in patients who died with P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Besides, the serum IL-38 level of patients with P. aeruginosa pneumonia on the day of admission to the ICU showed significantly positive correlations with IL-10 and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio but negative correlations with IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-17, TNF-α, APACHE II score, and PCT In summary, IL-38 might be a molecule for adjuvant therapy in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. In experimental animal models, first recombinant IL-38 improved survival, whereas anti-IL-38 antibody reduced survival in the experimental pneumonia murine model. Secondly, IL-38 exposure reduced the inflammatory response, as suggested by the lung injury, and reduced cytokine levels (IL-1β, IL-6, IL- 17A, TNF-α, and IL-8, but not IL-10). It also increased bacterial clearance and reduced cell apoptosis in the lungs. Furthermore, IL-38 was shown to reduce TBK1 expression in vitro when naive CD4+ T lymphocytes were differentiated to Tregs and played a protective role in P. aeruginosa pneumonia. CONCLUSIONS To summarize, the above findings provide additional insights into the mechanism of IL-38 in the treatment of P. aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Yu X, Chen J, Tang H, Tu Q, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhang X, Cao J, Molloy DP, Yin Y, Chen D, Song Z, Xu P. Identifying Prokineticin2 as a Novel Immunomodulatory Factor in Diagnosis and Treatment of Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2022; 50:674-684. [PMID: 34582411 PMCID: PMC8923365 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000005335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sepsis remains a highly lethal disease, whereas the precise reasons for death remain poorly understood. Prokineticin2 is a secreted protein that regulates diverse biological processes. Whether prokineticin2 is beneficial or deleterious to sepsis and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. DESIGN Prospective randomized animal investigation and in vitro studies. SETTING Research laboratory at a medical university hospital. SUBJECTS Prokineticin2 deficiency and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were used for in vivo studies; sepsis patients by Sepsis-3 definitions, patient controls, and healthy controls were used to obtain blood for in vitro studies. INTERVENTIONS Prokineticin2 concentrations were measured and analyzed in human septic patients, patient controls, and healthy individuals. The effects of prokineticin2 on sepsis-related survival, bacterial burden, organ injury, and inflammation were assessed in an animal model of cecal ligation and puncture-induced polymicrobial sepsis. In vitro cell models were also used to study the role of prokineticin2 on antibacterial response of macrophages. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Prokineticin2 concentration is dramatically decreased in the patients with sepsis and septic shock compared with those of patient controls and healthy controls. Furthermore, the prokineticin2 concentration in these patients died of sepsis or septic shock is significantly lower than those survival patients with sepsis or septic shock, indicating the potential value of prokineticin2 in the diagnosis of sepsis and septic shock, as well as the potential value in predicting mortality in adult patients with sepsis and septic shock. In animal model, recombinant prokineticin2 administration protected against sepsis-related deaths in both heterozygous prokineticin2 deficient mice and wild-type mice and alleviated sepsis-induced multiple organ damage. In in vitro cell models, prokineticin2 enhanced the phagocytic and bactericidal functions of macrophage through signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 pathway which could be abolished by signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 inhibitors S3I-201. Depletion of macrophages reversed prokineticin2-mediated protection against polymicrobial sepsis. CONCLUSIONS This study elucidated a previously unrecognized role of prokineticin2 in clinical diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. The proof-of-concept study determined a central role of prokineticin2 in alleviating sepsis-induced death by regulation of macrophage function, which presents a new strategy for sepsis immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Tang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Tu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine and Cancer Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - David Paul Molloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, ChongQing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dapeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhixin Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Pingyong Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of RNA Biology, National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Silva JBNF, Calcia TBB, Silva CP, Guilherme RF, Almeida-Souza F, Lemos FS, Calabrese KS, Caruso-Neves C, Neves JS, Benjamim CF. ATRvD1 Attenuates Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury Induced by Albumin Overload in Sepsis-Surviving Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111634. [PMID: 34769064 PMCID: PMC8583751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury and its long-term outcomes have been required and remain a challenge in critical care medicine. Therapeutic strategies using lipid mediators, such as aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (ATRvD1), can contribute to the resolution of acute and chronic inflammation. In this study, we examined the potential effect of ATRvD1 on long-term kidney dysfunction after severe sepsis. Fifteen days after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), sepsis-surviving BALB/c mice were subjected to a tubulointerstitial injury through intraperitoneal injections of bovine serum albumin (BSA) for 7 days, called the subclinical acute kidney injury (subAKI) animal model. ATRvD1 treatment was performed right before BSA injections. On day 22 after CLP, the urinary protein/creatinine ratio (UPC), histologic parameters, fibrosis, cellular infiltration, apoptosis, inflammatory markers levels, and mRNA expression were determined. ATRvD1 treatment mitigated tubulointerstitial injury by reducing proteinuria excretion, the UPC ratio, the glomerular cell number, and extracellular matrix deposition. Pro-fibrotic markers, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), type 3 collagen, and metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 and -9 were reduced after ATRvD1 administration. Post-septic mice treated with ATRvD1 were protected from the recruitment of IBA1+ cells. The interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels were increased in the subAKI animal model, being attenuated by ATRvD1. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-10, and IL-4 mRNA expression were increased in the kidney of BSA-challenged post-septic mice, and it was also reduced after ATRvD1. These results suggest that ATRvD1 protects the kidney against a second insult such as BSA-induced tubulointerstitial injury and fibrosis by suppressing inflammatory and pro-fibrotic mediators in renal dysfunction after sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Bruno N. F. Silva
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.N.F.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Thayanne B. B. Calcia
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.); (C.C.-N.)
| | - Cyntia P. Silva
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (F.S.L.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Rafael F. Guilherme
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (J.B.N.F.S.); (R.F.G.)
| | - Fernando Almeida-Souza
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.A.-S.); (K.S.C.)
- Postgraduate in Animal Science, State University of Maranhão, São Luís 65055-310, Brazil
| | - Felipe S. Lemos
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (F.S.L.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Kátia S. Calabrese
- Laboratory of Immunomodulation and Protozoology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (IOC), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (F.A.-S.); (K.S.C.)
| | - Celso Caruso-Neves
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.); (C.C.-N.)
| | - Josiane S. Neves
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICB), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (C.P.S.); (F.S.L.); (J.S.N.)
| | - Claudia F. Benjamim
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho (IBCCF), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (T.B.B.C.); (C.C.-N.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +55-21-3938-6709
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Hall SC, Smith DR, Dyavar SR, Wyatt TA, Samuelson DR, Bailey KL, Knoell DL. Critical Role of Zinc Transporter (ZIP8) in Myeloid Innate Immune Cell Function and the Host Response against Bacterial Pneumonia. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2021; 207:1357-1370. [PMID: 34380651 PMCID: PMC10575710 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2001395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is required for proper immune function and host defense. Zn homeostasis is tightly regulated by Zn transporters that coordinate biological processes through Zn mobilization. Zn deficiency is associated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most commonly identified cause of community-acquired pneumonia. Myeloid cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), are at the front line of host defense against invading bacterial pathogens in the lung and play a critical role early on in shaping the immune response. Expression of the Zn transporter ZIP8 is rapidly induced following bacterial infection and regulates myeloid cell function in a Zn-dependent manner. To what extent ZIP8 is instrumental in myeloid cell function requires further study. Using a novel, myeloid-specific, Zip8 knockout model, we identified vital roles of ZIP8 in macrophage and DC function upon pneumococcal infection. Administration of S. pneumoniae into the lung resulted in increased inflammation, morbidity, and mortality in Zip8 knockout mice compared with wild-type counterparts. This was associated with increased numbers of myeloid cells, cytokine production, and cell death. In vitro analysis of macrophage and DC function revealed deficits in phagocytosis and increased cytokine production upon bacterial stimulation that was, in part, due to increased NF-κB signaling. Strikingly, alteration of myeloid cell function resulted in an imbalance of Th17/Th2 responses, which is potentially detrimental to host defense. These results (for the first time, to our knowledge) reveal a vital ZIP8- and Zn-mediated axis that alters the lung myeloid cell landscape and the host response against pneumococcus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sannette C Hall
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Deandra R Smith
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Shetty Ravi Dyavar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
| | - Todd A Wyatt
- Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Derrick R Samuelson
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
| | - Kristina L Bailey
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE; and
- Department of Veterans Affairs Nebraska, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE
| | - Daren L Knoell
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE;
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Abstract
Objectives: Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data Sources: Original paper, search of the literature. Study Selection: By several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data Extraction: None. Data Synthesis: None. Conclusions: In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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Basil Polysaccharide Reverses Development of Experimental Model of Sepsis-Induced Secondary Staphylococcus aureus Pneumonia. Mediators Inflamm 2021; 2021:5596339. [PMID: 34054345 PMCID: PMC8149242 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5596339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Basil polysaccharide (BPS) represents a main active ingredient extracted from basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), which can regulate secondary bacterial pneumonia development in the process of sepsis-mediated immunosuppression. Methods In this study, a dual model of sepsis-induced secondary pneumonia with cecal ligation and puncture and intratracheal instillation of Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa was constructed. Results The results indicated that BPS-treated mice undergoing CLP showed resistance to secondary S. aureus pneumonia. Compared with the IgG-treated group, BPS-treated mice exhibited better survival rate along with a higher bacterial clearance rate. Additionally, BPS treatment attenuated cell apoptosis, enhanced lymphocyte and macrophage recruitment to the lung, promoted pulmonary cytokine production, and significantly enhanced CC receptor ligand 4 (CCL4). Notably, recombinant CCL4 protein could enhance the protective effect on S. aureus-induced secondary pulmonary infection of septic mice, which indicated that BPS-induced CCL4 partially mediated resistance to secondary bacterial pneumonia. In addition, BPS priming markedly promoted the phagocytosis of alveolar macrophages while killing S. aureus in vitro, which was related to the enhanced p38MAPK signal transduction pathway activation. Moreover, BPS also played a protective role in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia by inducing Treg cell differentiation. Conclusions Collectively, these results shed novel lights on the BPS treatment mechanism in sepsis-induced secondary S. aureus pneumonia in mice.
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Xu H, Huang L, Luo Q, Tu Q, Liu J, Yu R, Huang J, Chen T, Yin Y, Cao J. Absence of Toll-like receptor 7 protects mice against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107739. [PMID: 33984723 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a sensor of microbial ssRNA that participates in the immune response process in many diseases. We herein sought to establish the role of TLR7 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Pneumonia model was created by intratracheally injecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the effects of TLR7 on survival, bacterial burden, lung pathology, cytokine and chemokine production, and pulmonary leukocyte recruitment were measured after Pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge. TLR7 expression was significantly elevated in WT mice after Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. TLR7-/- mice demonstrated enhanced survival, bacterial clearance, leukocyte infiltration, and macrophages phagocytic activity, and decreased pathology and capillary leakage. Besides, improved survival and bacterial clearance were observed in WT mice treated with TLR7 antagonist IRS661. More importantly, lack of TLR7 suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine production and induced anti-inflammatory cytokine production in mice lungs. Finally, neutralized IL-10 damaged the bacterial clearance ability of TLR7 deficient mice, leading to decreased survival. Collectively, absence of TLR7 provided protective effects during Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia and suggested that TLR7 could act as a novel immune target to treat clinical cases with Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Lili Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qin Luo
- Department of Clinical Molecular Medical Testing Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Qianqian Tu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Renlin Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Te Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China; Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine designated by the Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China.
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10
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Wang P, Mu X, Zhao H, Li Y, Wang L, Wolfe V, Cui SN, Wang X, Peng T, Zingarelli B, Wang C, Fan GC. Administration of GDF3 Into Septic Mice Improves Survival via Enhancing LXRα-Mediated Macrophage Phagocytosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:647070. [PMID: 33679812 PMCID: PMC7925632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.647070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The defective eradication of invading pathogens is a major cause of death in sepsis. As professional phagocytic cells, macrophages actively engulf/kill microorganisms and play essential roles in innate immune response against pathogens. Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) was previously implicated as an important modulator of inflammatory response upon acute sterile injury. In this study, administration of recombinant GDF3 protein (rGDF3) either before or after CLP surgery remarkably improved mouse survival, along with significant reductions in bacterial load, plasma pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, and organ damage. Notably, our in vitro experiments revealed that rGDF3 treatment substantially promoted macrophage phagocytosis and intracellular killing of bacteria in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RNA-seq analysis results showed that CD5L, known to be regulated by liver X receptor α (LXRα), was the most significantly upregulated gene in rGDF3-treated macrophages. Furthermore, we observed that rGDF3 could promote LXRα nuclear translocation and thereby, augmented phagocytosis activity in macrophages, which was similar as LXRα agonist GW3965 did. By contrast, pre-treating macrophages with LXRα antagonist GSK2033 abolished beneficial effects of rGDF3 in macrophages. In addition, rGDF3 treatment failed to enhance bacteria uptake and killing in LXRα-knockout (KO) macrophages. Taken together, these results uncover that GDF3 may represent a novel mediator for controlling bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Xingjiang Mu
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Hongyan Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yutian Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Vivian Wolfe
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Shu-Nan Cui
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Cancer Hospital, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Tianqing Peng
- The Centre for Critical Illness Research, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Basilia Zingarelli
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Chunting Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Guo-Chang Fan
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
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11
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Crouse B, Robinson C, Huseby Kelcher A, Laudenbach M, Abrahante JE, Pravetoni M. Mechanisms of interleukin 4 mediated increase in efficacy of vaccines against opioid use disorders. NPJ Vaccines 2020; 5:99. [PMID: 33101712 PMCID: PMC7578047 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-020-00247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioid use disorders (OUD) affect over 27 million people worldwide. Anti-opioid vaccines offer a promising strategy to treat OUD and prevent overdose. Using immunomodulation of cytokine signaling to increase vaccine efficacy, this study found that blocking IL-4 improved the efficacy of vaccines targeting oxycodone and fentanyl in male and female mice. Genetic deletion of the IL-4 receptor, STAT6, or antibody-based depletion of IL-13, did not increase vaccine efficacy against opioids, suggesting the involvement of type I IL-4 receptors. Enhancement of vaccine efficacy with blockade of IL-4 was associated with improved germinal center formation in secondary lymphoid organs and selective transcriptome signatures in the activated CD4+ T cell population subset. These data suggest that IL-4 is both a pharmacological target and a potential biomarker of vaccine efficacy against OUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Crouse
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55455 USA
| | - Christine Robinson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - April Huseby Kelcher
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Megan Laudenbach
- Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55404 USA
| | - Juan E Abrahante
- University of Minnesota Informatics Institute, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
| | - Marco Pravetoni
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
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12
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The microbiota protects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia via γδ T cell-neutrophil axis in mice. Microbes Infect 2020; 22:294-302. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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13
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Deutschman CS, Hellman J, Roca RF, De Backer D, Coopersmith CM. The surviving sepsis campaign: basic/translational science research priorities. Intensive Care Med Exp 2020; 8:31. [PMID: 32676795 PMCID: PMC7365694 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-020-00312-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Expound upon priorities for basic/translational science identified in a recent paper by a group of experts assigned by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Data sources Original paper, search of the literature. Study selection This study is selected by several members of the original task force with specific expertise in basic/translational science. Data extraction and data synthesis are not available. Conclusions In the first of a series of follow-up reports to the original paper, several members of the original task force with specific expertise provided a more in-depth analysis of the five identified priorities directly related to basic/translational science. This analysis expounds on what is known about the question and what was identified as priorities for ongoing research. It is hoped that this analysis will aid the development of future research initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clifford S Deutschman
- Department of Pediatrics, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Hofstra/Northwell School of Medicine and the Feinstein Institute for Medical Research/Elmezzi Graduate School of Molecular Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA.
| | - Judith Hellman
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ricard Ferrer Roca
- Intensive Care Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Shock, Organ Dysfunction and Resuscitation (SODIR) Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel De Backer
- Chirec Hospitals, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Craig M Coopersmith
- Department of Surgery and Emory Critical Care Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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14
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15
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Bielen K, 's Jongers B, Boddaert J, Lammens C, Jorens PG, Malhotra-Kumar S, Goossens H, Kumar-Singh S. Mechanical Ventilation Induces Interleukin 4 Secretion in Lungs and Reduces the Phagocytic Capacity of Lung Macrophages. J Infect Dis 2019; 217:1645-1655. [PMID: 29140452 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving mechanical ventilation are at risk of developing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Here, we show that clinically utilized ventilation protocols in rats with 5 mL/kg or 8 mL/kg tidal volumes cause increased interleukin 4 (IL-4) expression, lowered ratio of TH1:TH2 transcriptional factors (Tbet:Gata3), and increased arginase 1-positive (Arg1+) macrophages and eosinophils in lungs. Macrophages from ventilated lungs had reduced ex vivo capacity toward phagocytosing bacteria. Ventilated animals, when further challenged with bacterial pneumonia, continued to show persistence of Arg1+ M2 macrophages as well as an increased bacterial burden compared with spontaneously breathing animals receiving the same bacterial dose. Increased IL-4 expression also occurred in a mouse ventilation model, and abrogation of IL-4 signaling restored lung bacterial burden in an IL-4Rα-/- ventilator-associated pneumonia model. Our data suggest that mechanical ventilation induces an immunosuppressive state in lungs, providing new insight in the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Bielen
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Bart 's Jongers
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Jan Boddaert
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Christine Lammens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Philippe G Jorens
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital and University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics (LEMP), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Samir Kumar-Singh
- Molecular Pathology Group, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp Wilrijk Belgium.,Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk Belgium
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16
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Alvestegui A, Olivares-Morales M, Muñoz E, Smith R, Nataro JP, Ruiz-Perez F, Farfan MJ. TLR4 Participates in the Inflammatory Response Induced by the AAF/II Fimbriae From Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli on Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:143. [PMID: 31131263 PMCID: PMC6509964 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) infections are one of the most frequent causes of persistent diarrhea in children, immunocompromised patients and travelers worldwide. The most prominent colonization factors of EAEC are aggregative adherence fimbriae (AAF). EAEC prototypical strain 042 harbors the AAF/II fimbriae variant, which mediates adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells and participates in the induction of an inflammatory response against this pathogen. However, the mechanism and the cell receptors implicated in eliciting this response have not been fully characterized. Since previous reports have shown that TLR4 recognize fimbriae from different pathogens, we evaluated the role of this receptor in the response elicited against EAEC by intestinal cells. Using a mutual antagonist against TLR2 and TLR4 (OxPAPC), we observed that blocking of these receptors significantly reduces the secretion of the inflammatory marker IL-8 in response to EAEC and AAF/II fimbrial extract in HT-29 cells. Using a TLR4-specific antagonist (TAK-242), we observed that the secretion of this cytokine was significantly reduced in HT-29 cells infected with EAEC or incubated with AAF/II fimbrial extract. We evaluated the participation of AAF/II fimbriae in the TLR4-mediated secretion of 38 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors involved in inflammation. A reduction in the secretion of IL-8, GRO, and IL-4 was observed. Our results suggest that TLR4 participates in the secretion of several inflammation biomarkers in response to AAF/II fimbriae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Alvestegui
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio Olivares-Morales
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Muñoz
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rachel Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - James P Nataro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Fernando Ruiz-Perez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Mauricio J Farfan
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Estudios Moleculares, Hospital Dr. Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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17
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Yang J, Wang J, Zhang X, Qiu Y, Yan J, Sun S, He Y, Yin Y, Xu W. Mast cell degranulation impairs pneumococcus clearance in mice via IL-6 dependent and TNF-α independent mechanisms. World Allergy Organ J 2019; 12:100028. [PMID: 31044024 PMCID: PMC6479162 DOI: 10.1016/j.waojou.2019.100028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mast cells participate in immune responses by releasing potent immune system modifiers via degranulation. Due to currently reported controversial roles of mast cells in Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, this study aimed to determine the role and mechanism of mast cells in clearing S. pneumoniae in mice. Methods In vivo mouse model of mast cell degranulation established by administration of C48/80 was evaluated for the influences of mast cell degranulation on bacterial colonization and inflammation. In vitro model was established to observe the influences of mast cell degranulation on phagocytic and bactericidal functions of neutrophils and macrophages. IL-6 null and TNF-α null mice on the C57BL/6 background were used to investigate the effects of inflammatory factors released by mast cell degranulation on bacterial clearance. Results Mast cell degranulation increased IL-6 and TNF-α levels and immune cell numbers in nasal lavage fluid, and inhibited the bactericidal function of macrophages and neutrophils in vitro. It decreased the number of neutrophils and macrophages recruited to respiratory tract after S. pneumoniae challenge and inhibited the clearance of S. pneumoniae in mice. After pretreatment with C48/80, S. pneumoniae loads were significantly lower in IL-6 null mice than in wild type mice, while no differences were observed between TNF-α null and wild type mice. Conclusions Mast cell degranulation can cause inflammation and impair immune cell recruitment to respiratory tract after S. pneumoniae challenge. Products of mast cell degranulation including IL-6 decreased the bactericidal function of neutrophils and macrophages. Through these mechanisms, mast cell degranulation inhibited clearance of S. pneumoniae in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing Hospital for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yulan Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jurong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si Sun
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujuan He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yibing Yin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated by the Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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18
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Emam AA, Shehab MMM, Allah MAN, Elkoumi MA, Abdelaal NM, Mosabah AAA, Zakaria MT, Sherif AM, Soliman MM, El-Kaffas RMH, Abouzeid H, Abdou MA, Abdalmonem N, Abdelbaset HR, Mohamed SA, Soliman AA, Elashkar SSA, Hegab MS, Khalil AM, Abdel-Aziz A, Anany HG, Salah HE, Abdou AM, Elshehawy NA, Elbasyouni HAA, Hafez SFM, Abo-Alella DA, Fawzi MM, Morsi SS. Interleukin-4 -590C/T gene polymorphism in Egyptian children with acute lower respiratory infection: A multicenter study. Pediatr Pulmonol 2019; 54:297-302. [PMID: 30614212 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) is the leading cause of child mortality, especially in the developing world. Polymorphisms in the interleukin 4 (IL-4) gene have been linked to a variety of human diseases. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the IL-4 -590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism could be a genetic marker for susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children. METHODS This was a multicenter study conducted on 480 children diagnosed with pneumonia or bronchiolitis, and 480 well-matched healthy control children. Using PCR-RFLP analysis, we genotyped a -590C/T (rs2243250) single nucleotide polymorphism of the IL-4 gene promoter, meanwhile the serum IL-4concentration was measured by ELISA. RESULTS The frequency of the IL-4 -590 T/T genotype and T allele were overrepresented in patients with ALRIs in comparison to the control group (OR = 2.0; [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38-2.96]; for the T/T genotype) and (OR: 1.3; [95%CI: 1.07-1.56]; for the T allele; P < 0.01). The IL-4 -590 T/T genotype was associated with significantly higher mean serum IL-4 concentration (58.7 ± 13.4 pg/mL) compared to the C/T genotype (47.6 ± 11 pg/mL) and the C/C genotype (34.8 ± 9.6 pg/mL); P < 0.01. CONCLUSION The IL-4 -590C/T (rs2243250) polymorphism may contribute to susceptibility to ALRIs in young Egyptian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Emam
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M M Shehab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mayy A N Allah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elkoumi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | - Amira A A Mosabah
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Mervat T Zakaria
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Ashraf M Sherif
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | | | - Heba Abouzeid
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Abdou
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Nermin Abdalmonem
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Heba R Abdelbaset
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Banha University, Egypt
| | - Soma A Mohamed
- Department of Pediatrics, Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Attia A Soliman
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S Hegab
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Atef M Khalil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Alsayed Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Heba G Anany
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hossam E Salah
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Adel M Abdou
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Al Azhar Faculty of Medicine, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Hany A A Elbasyouni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt
| | - Sahbaa F M Hafez
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Doaa A Abo-Alella
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Maggie M Fawzi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Samar S Morsi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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19
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Li H, Luo YF, Wang YS, Xiao YL, Cai HR, Xie CM. Pseudomonas aeruginosa induces cellular senescence in lung tissue at the early stage of two-hit septic mice. Pathog Dis 2018; 76:5289408. [PMID: 30649401 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftz001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We presume that severe secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infection can lead to cellular senescence in lung tissue and thus contribute to high mortality. We established a two-hit mouse model using cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by sublethal PA lung infection. In lung tissue, increased infiltration of inflammatory cells, elevated lung injury and augmented cellular senescence was shown in mice with CLP followed by sublethal PA infection, and these observations reached a higher rank when higher (H) loads PA (PAO1) were administered to CLP mice (CLP + PAO1-H). Accordingly, oxidative stress-related element gp91phox and inflammation regulator NF-κB were greatly activated in CLP + PAO1-H mice compared to others. There was no obvious inflammation or cellular senescence in sham control, PAO1-infected mice. Consequently, CLP + PAO1-H mice had the highest expression levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNFα and iNOS among those groups. There was lower bacterial clearance ability in CLP + PAO1-H mice than in other mice. CLP + PAO1-H only had approximately 10% survival after 7 days of investigation and was much lower than others. In conclusion, higher mortality due to increased lung inflammation and cellular senescence are observed in mice with increased loads of PA infection secondary to CLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yi-Feng Luo
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yong-Sheng Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yong-Long Xiao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hou-Rong Cai
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Can-Mao Xie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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20
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Li Bassi G, Prats RG, Artigas A, Xiol EA, Marti JD, Ranzani OT, Rigol M, Fernandez L, Meli A, Battaglini D, Luque N, Ferrer M, Martin-Loeches I, Póvoa P, Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Torres A. Appraisal of systemic inflammation and diagnostic markers in a porcine model of VAP: secondary analysis from a study on novel preventive strategies. Intensive Care Med Exp 2018; 6:42. [PMID: 30343359 PMCID: PMC6195872 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-018-0206-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We previously evaluated the efficacy of a ventilatory strategy to achieve expiratory flow bias and positive end-expiratory pressure (EFB + PEEP) or the Trendelenburg position (TP) for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). These preventive measures were aimed at improving mucus clearance and reducing pulmonary aspiration of bacteria-laden oropharyngeal secretions. This secondary analysis is aimed at evaluating the effects of aforementioned interventions on systemic inflammation and to substantiate the value of clinical parameters and cytokines in the diagnosis of VAP. Methods Twenty female pigs were randomized to be positioned in the semirecumbent/prone position, and ventilated with duty cycle 0.33 and without PEEP (control); positioned as in the control group, PEEP 5 cmH2O, and duty cycle to achieve expiratory flow bias (EFB+PEEP); ventilated as in the control group, but in the Trendelenburg position (Trendelenburg). Following randomization, P. aeruginosa was instilled into the oropharynx. Systemic cytokines and tracheal secretions P. aeruginosa concentration were quantified every 24h. Lung biopsies were collected for microbiological confirmation of VAP. Results In the control, EFB + PEEP, and Trendelenburg groups, lung tissue Pseudomonas aeruginosa concentration was 2.4 ± 1.5, 1.9 ± 2.1, and 0.3 ± 0.6 log cfu/mL, respectively (p = 0.020). Whereas, it was 2.4 ± 1.9 and 0.6 ± 0.9 log cfu/mL in animals with or without VAP (p < 0.001). Lower levels of interleukin (IL)-1β (p = 0.021), IL-1RA (p < 0.001), IL-4 (p = 0.005), IL-8 (p = 0.008), and IL-18 (p = 0.050) were found in Trendelenburg animals. VAP increased IL-10 (p = 0.035), tumor necrosis factor-α (p = 0.041), and endotracheal aspirate (ETA) P. aeruginosa concentration (p = 0.024). A model comprising ETA bacterial burden, IL-10, and TNF-α yielded moderate discrimination for the diagnosis of VAP (area of the receiver operating curve 0.82, 95% CI 0.61–1.00). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate anti-inflammatory effects associated with the Trendelenburg position. In this reliable model of VAP, ETA culture showed good diagnostic accuracy, whereas systemic IL-10 and TNF-α marginally improved accuracy. Further clinical studies will be necessary to confirm clinical value of the Trendelenburg position as a measure to hinder inflammation during mechanical ventilation and significance of systemic IL-10 and TNF-α in the diagnosis of VAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Li Bassi
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Guillamat Prats
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Pathophysiological Laboratory, Institut de Investigacion Parc Tauli, Corporació Sanitaria Universitaria Parc Tauli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Artigas
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,Pathophysiological Laboratory, Institut de Investigacion Parc Tauli, Corporació Sanitaria Universitaria Parc Tauli, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eli Aguilera Xiol
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan-Daniel Marti
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Otavio T Ranzani
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Rigol
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Fernandez
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Meli
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Dipartimento di Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Dipartimento di Scienza e Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Denise Battaglini
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nestor Luque
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Ferrer
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Martin-Loeches
- Multidisciplinary Intensive Care Research Organization (MICRO), Department of Clinical Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pedro Póvoa
- Polyvalent Intensive Care Unit, São Francisco Xavier Hospital, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisbon, Portugal.,NOVA Medical School, CEDOC, New University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Davide Chiumello
- Dipartimento di Anestesia e Rianimazione, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Dipartimento di Scienza e Salute, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Dipartimento Scienze Chirurgiche e Diagnostiche Integrate (DISC), Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antoni Torres
- Division of Animal Experimentation, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, Calle Villarroel 170, Esc 6/8 Pl 2, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomedica En Red- Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain. .,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Peters van Ton AM, Kox M, Abdo WF, Pickkers P. Precision Immunotherapy for Sepsis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1926. [PMID: 30233566 PMCID: PMC6133985 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Decades of sepsis research into a specific immune system-targeting adjunctive therapy have not resulted in the discovery of an effective compound. Apart from antibiotics, source control, resuscitation and organ support, not a single adjunctive treatment is used in current clinical practice. The inability to determine the prevailing immunological phenotype of patients and the related large heterogeneity of study populations are regarded by many as the most important factors behind the disappointing results of past clinical trials. While the therapeutic focus has long been on immunosuppressive strategies, increased appreciation of the importance of sepsis-induced immunoparalysis in causing morbidity and mortality in sepsis patients has resulted in a paradigm shift in the sepsis research field towards strategies aimed at enhancing the immune response. However, similar to immunosuppressive therapies, precision medicine is imperative for future trials with immunostimulatory compounds to succeed. As such, identifying those patients with a severely suppressed or hyperactive immune system who will most likely benefit from either immunostimulatory or immunosuppressive therapy, and accurate monitoring of both the immune and treatment response is crucial. This review provides an overview of the challenges lying ahead on the path towards precision immunotherapy for patients suffering from sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthijs Kox
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Wilson F Abdo
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Peter Pickkers
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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22
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Kim S, Joe Y, Park SU, Jeong SO, Kim JK, Park SH, Pae HO, Surh YJ, Shin J, Chung HT. Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress under endotoxin tolerance increases inflammatory responses and decreases Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 2018; 104:1003-1012. [PMID: 29924419 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0317-106rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxin tolerance develops in the late phase of sepsis to protect cells from an early hyperinflammatory response. Nonetheless, because it induces an immunosuppressive environment, patients with sepsis in its late phase are affected by secondary infections, particularly bacterial pneumonia. Here, we showed that induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress leads to activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and X-box-binding protein 1 (XBP-1) in an inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α)-mediated manner, which in turn restores the inflammatory response in endotoxin-tolerant macrophages. Animal and in vitro models of endotoxin tolerance were studied along with a model of LPS-induced endotoxin tolerance and a model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced endotoxin tolerance. To detect the suppressed inflammatory response during endotoxin tolerance, inflammatory-cytokine expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time PCR and an ELISA. Our research revealed that induction of ER stress alleviated lung injury in a septic host infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa via the activation of GSK-3β and XBP-1 in an IRE1α-mediated manner. Consequently, in the lungs of the septic host infected with P. aeruginosa, symptoms of pneumonia improved and the infecting bacteria were cleared. Thus, for septic patients, determination of immune status may guide the selection of appropriate immunomodulation, and ER stress can be a novel therapeutic strategy restoring the immune response in patients with endotoxin tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sena Kim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Se-Ung Park
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Sun Oh Jeong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Kim
- Department of Cosmetics, Wonkwang Health Science University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seong Hoon Park
- Department of Radiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Institute for Metabolic Disease, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ock Pae
- Department of Microbiology and immunology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaekyoon Shin
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hun Taeg Chung
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea
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23
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Liu G, Li M, Saeed M, Xu Y, Ren Q, Sun C. αMSH inhibits adipose inflammation via reducing FoxOs transcription and blocking Akt/JNK pathway in mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:47642-47654. [PMID: 28514752 PMCID: PMC5564594 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH) abates inflammation in multiple tissues, while Forkhead box proteins O (FoxOs) stimulate inflammatory cascade. However, the relationship between αMSH and FoxOs in adipose inflammation remains unclear. In this study, we used LPS-induced inflammation model, attempted to interpret the function of αMSH in inflammation and the interactions with FoxOs. Results indicated that upon inflammatory situation, the secretion of αMSH and the expression of its receptor MC5R were greatly decreased, but FoxOs expressions were elevated. After the treatment with αMSH, LPS-induced adipose inflammation together with FoxOs expressions was significantly reduced. Conversely, when Foxo1, Foxo3a or Foxo4 overexpressed in αMSH treated inflammatory mouse model, all the anti-inflammatory impacts of αMSH were found disappeared. We further studied the mechanisms by which αMSH exerts its anti-inflammatory impacts and how FoxOs reverse αMSH's function. Foxo4 was found as a negative regulator for MC5R transcription in αMSH inhibited inflammation. Moreover, a negative role was found of αMSH in regulating both Akt and JNK signal pathways by observing the enhanced the anti-inflammatory impacts of pathway-specific inhibitors with αMSH treatment. Our findings demonstrate αMSH plays a key role in the prevention of adipose inflammation and inflammatory diseases by down-regulating Akt/JNK signal pathway and negatively interacting with FoxOs, which brings up αMSH as a novel candidate factor in the adipose anti-inflammation process in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guannv Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Meihang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yatao Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qian Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Chao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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24
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Li H, Li X, Song C, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu Z, Wei H, Yu J. Autoinducer-2 Facilitates Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Pathogenicity in Vitro and in Vivo. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1944. [PMID: 29089927 PMCID: PMC5651085 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial communication systems, such as quorum sensing (QS), have provided new insights of alternative approaches in antimicrobial treatment. We recently reported that one QS signal, named as autoinducer-2 (AI-2), can affect the behaviors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of AI-2 on P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation and virulence factors production in vitro, and in vivo using a pulmonary infection mouse model. Exogenous AI-2 resulted in increased biofilms architecture, the number of viable cells, and the yield of pyocyanin and elastase virulence factors in wild type P. aeruginosa PAO1. However, no such effect was observed in P. aeruginosa lasR rhlR mutant strain. In vivo, the use of AI-2 significantly increased the mortality, lung bacterial count and histological lung damage of mice with acute P. aeruginosa PAO1 infection. Our data suggest that AI-2 promotes the formation of P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilms and the production of virulence factors by interfering with P. aeruginosa QS systems, resulting in decreased host survival. AI-2 may be a therapeutic target for the clinical treatment of a co-infection of P. aeruginosa and AI-2 producing bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongdong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyuan Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Chongqing Red Cross Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Song
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhui Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengli Wang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenqiu Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China
| | - Jialin Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Chongqing, China.,Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Chen W, Lian J, Ye JJ, Mo QF, Qin J, Hong GL, Chen LW, Zhi SC, Zhao GJ, Lu ZQ. Ethyl pyruvate reverses development of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia during sepsis-induced immunosuppression. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:61-69. [PMID: 28863323 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis is characterized by an innate immune response and the following immune dysfunction which can increase the emergence of secondary infections. Ethyl pyruvate (EP) has multiple immunoregulation functions in several serious illnesses, such as burn injury, severe sepsis and acute respiratory syndrome. However, little data was shown the effect of EP administration on immunosuppression post-CLP and the following secondary infection. The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) followed by the induction of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) was used as a clinically relevant two-hit model of sepsis. We assessed the survival rate, lung damage and lung bacterial clearance in vehicle or EP treatment group to demonstrate the lung response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa of septic mice. Then cytokines including lung IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 and plasma HMGB1, apoptosis of splenic immune cells and Foxp3 level on regulatory T cells (Tregs) were studied to demonstrate the mechanisms of EP administration on two-hit mice. We found that the susceptibility of septic mice to Secondary Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia could be down-regulated by ethyl pyruvate treatment and the protective effects of EP may via decreasing lung IL-10 and plasma HMGB1 expression, inhibiting the function of Tregs and relieving the apoptosis of splenic immune cells. The "immune paralysis" post-sepsis still remains a rigorous challenge for curing sepsis, our study may aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies to this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Emergency Department, The People's Hospital of Yueqing City, Yueqing 325600, China
| | - Jie Lian
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jing-Jing Ye
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Qing-Fei Mo
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Jie Qin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang-Liang Hong
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Long-Wang Chen
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Shao-Ce Zhi
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Guang-Ju Zhao
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | - Zhong-Qiu Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Emergency, Critical care, and Disaster Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China; College of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
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26
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Purified Streptococcus pneumoniae Endopeptidase O (PepO) Enhances Particle Uptake by Macrophages in a Toll-Like Receptor 2- and miR-155-Dependent Manner. Infect Immun 2017; 85:IAI.01012-16. [PMID: 28193634 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01012-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into the host-microbial virulence factor interaction, especially the immune signaling mechanisms, could provide novel prevention and treatment options for pneumococcal diseases. Streptococcus pneumoniae endopeptidase O (PepO) is a newly discovered and ubiquitously expressed pneumococcal virulence protein. A PepO-mutant strain showed impaired adherence to and invasion of host cells compared with the isogenic wild-type strain. It is still unknown whether PepO is involved in the host defense response to pneumococcal infection. Here, we demonstrated that PepO could enhance phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus by peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEMs). Further studies showed that PepO stimulation upregulated the expression of microRNA-155 (miR-155) in PEMs in a time- and dose-dependent manner. PepO-induced enhanced phagocytosis was decreased in cells transfected with an inhibitor of miR-155, while it was increased in cells transfected with a mimic of miR-155. We also revealed that PepO-induced upregulation of miR-155 in PEMs was mediated by Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-NF-κB signaling and that the increased expression of miR-155 downregulated expression of SHIP1. Taken together, these results indicate that PepO induces upregulation of miR-155 in PEMs, contributing to enhanced phagocytosis and host defense response to pneumococci and Staphylococcus aureus.
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27
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Moser EK, Field NS, Oliver PM. Aberrant Th2 inflammation drives dysfunction of alveolar macrophages and susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia. Cell Mol Immunol 2017; 15:480-492. [PMID: 28260794 DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2016.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin ligase, Itch, is required to prevent autoinflammatory disease in mice and humans. Itch-deficient mice develop lethal pulmonary inflammation characterized by the production of Th2 cytokines (for example, interleukin-4 (IL-4)); however, the contribution of Itch to immune defense against respiratory pathogens has not been determined. We found that Itch-deficient mice were highly susceptible to intranasal infection with the respiratory pathogen Klebsiella pneumoniae. Infected Itch-deficient mice exhibited increased immune cell infiltration, cytokine levels and bacterial burden in the respiratory tract compared with control mice. However, numbers of resident alveolar macrophages were reduced in the lungs from Itch-deficient mice both before and after infection. High levels of Th2 cytokines in the respiratory tract correlated with deceased alveolar macrophages, and genetic ablation of IL-4 restored alveolar macrophages and host defense to K. pneumoniae in Itch-deficient mice, suggesting that loss of alveolar macrophages occurred as a consequence of Th2 inflammation. Adoptive transfer of Itch-/- CD4+ T cells into Rag-/- mice was sufficient to drive reduction in numbers of Itch-replete alveolar macrophages. Finally, we found that Stat6 signaling downstream of the IL-4 receptor directly reduced fitness of alveolar macrophages when these cells were exposed to the Itch-/- inflamed respiratory tract. These data suggest that Th2 inflammation directly impairs alveolar macrophage fitness in Itch-/- mice, and elucidate a previously unappreciated link between Th2 cells, alveolar macrophages and susceptibility to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Moser
- Cell Pathology Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Natania S Field
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paula M Oliver
- Cell Pathology Division, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 19104, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Yang ZJ, Li CH, Chen J, Zhang H, Li MY, Chen J. Molecular characterization of an interleukin-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its role in fish against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 57:136-147. [PMID: 27546554 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 13 (IL-13) molecules are anti-inflammatory cytokines mediating the alternative activation of macrophages. However, the role of fish IL-4/13 homologs in monocytes/macrophages (MO/MФ) polarization remains unclear. In this study, we have functionally identified an IL-4/13B homolog in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), which is termed as CiIL-4/13B. Multiple alignment showed that CiIL-4/13B shared the typical characteristics and structure with other known fish IL-4/13. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CiIL-4/13B is evolutionarily closely related to zebrafish (Danio rerio) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) IL-4/13B. CiIL-4/13B mRNA was constitutively expressed in tissues and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) examined, with its highest expression seen in PBLs. Following Aeromonas hydrophila infection, CiIL-4/13B mRNA expression was upregulated. Recombinant CiIL-4/13B (rCiIL-4/13B) was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified for a functional study. Using prepared anti-rCiIL-4/13B antiserum, Western blot analysis showed that native CiIL-4/13B in grass carp plasma is N-glycosylated. Intraperitoneal injection of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B significantly increased the survival rate of grass carp against A. hydrophila, and decreased the tissue bacterial load, with a higher dose having better effects. Bioactive rCiIL-4/13B treatment decreased nitrite production and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α), while it increased arginase activity and mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10). The phagocytosis by grass carp MO/MФ had no significant changes by the 8 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B compared to that of the negative control, while it was significantly inhibited by the 24 h treatment of bioactive rCiIL-4/13B. The inhibitory effect of rCiIL-4/13B on MO/MФ phagocytosis may be a consequence of MO/MФ proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that CiIL-4/13B plays a protective effect in grass carp against A. hydrophila by inducing alternatively activated MO/MФ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chang-Hong Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ming-Yun Li
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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29
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Shindo Y, Fuchs AG, Davis CG, Eitas T, Unsinger J, Burnham CAD, Green JM, Morre M, Bochicchio GV, Hotchkiss RS. Interleukin 7 immunotherapy improves host immunity and survival in a two-hit model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 101:543-554. [PMID: 27630218 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4a1215-581r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with protracted sepsis develop impaired immunity, which predisposes them to acquiring secondary infections. One of the most common and lethal secondary infections is Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Immunoadjuvant therapy is a promising approach to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression and improve morbidity and mortality from secondary infections. Interleukin-7 is an immunoadjuvant that improves survival in clinically relevant animal models of polymicrobial peritonitis and in fungal sepsis. This study investigated the effect of recombinant human interleukin-7 (rhIL-7) on survival in a 2-hit model of sublethal cecal ligation and puncture followed by P. aeruginosa pneumonia. Potential immunologic mechanisms responsible for the rhIL-7 putative beneficial effect were also examined, focusing on IL-17, IL-22, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, cytokines that are critical in the control of sepsis and pulmonary Pseudomonas infections. Results showed that rhIL-7 was highly effective in preventing P. aeruginosa-induced death, i.e., 92% survival in rhIL-7-treated mice versus 56% survival in control mice. rhIL-7 increased absolute numbers of immune effector cells in lung and spleen and ameliorated the sepsis-induced loss of lung innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). rhIL-7 also significantly increased IL-17-, IFN-γ-, and TNF-α-producing lung ILCs and CD8 T cells as well as IFN-γ- and TNF-α-producing splenic T cell subsets and ILCs. Furthermore, rhIL-7 enhanced NF-κB and STAT3 signaling in lungs during sepsis and pneumonia. Given the high mortality associated with secondary P. aeruginosa pneumonia, the ability of rhIL-7 to improve immunity and increase survival in multiple animal models of sepsis, and the remarkable safety profile of rhIL-7, clinical trials with rhIL-7 should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Shindo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA; .,Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anja G Fuchs
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher G Davis
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tim Eitas
- Host Defense DPU, Infectious Diseases TAU, GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacqueline Unsinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carey-Ann D Burnham
- Pathology and Immunology and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jonathan M Green
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | - Grant V Bochicchio
- Acute and Critical Care Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Richard S Hotchkiss
- Anesthesiology, Medicine, Surgery, and Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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30
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Rasid O, Cavaillon JM. Recent developments in severe sepsis research: from bench to bedside and back. Future Microbiol 2016; 11:293-314. [PMID: 26849633 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.15.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe sepsis remains a worldwide threat, not only in industrialized countries, due to their aging population, but also in developing countries where there still are numerous cases of neonatal and puerperal sepsis. Tools for early diagnosis, a prerequisite for rapid and appropriate antibiotic therapy, are still required. In this review, we highlight some recent developments in our understanding of the associated systemic inflammatory response that help deciphering pathophysiology (e.g., epigenetic, miRNA, regulatory loops, compartmentalization, apoptosis and synergy) and discuss some of the consequences of sepsis (e.g., immune status, neurological and muscular alterations). We also emphasize the challenge to better define animal models and discuss past failures in clinical investigations in order to define new efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orhan Rasid
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Cavaillon
- Unit Cytokines & Inflammation, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue Dr. Roux, Paris, France
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31
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Sun R, Xu F, Wang C, Dong E. NSFC spurs significant basic research progress of respiratory medicine in China. CLINICAL RESPIRATORY JOURNAL 2015; 11:271-284. [PMID: 26176299 PMCID: PMC7159156 DOI: 10.1111/crj.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, research in respiratory medicine has progressed rapidly in China. This commentary narrates the role of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in supporting the basic research of respiratory medicine, summarizes the major progress of respiratory medicine in China, and addresses the main future research directions sponsored by the NSFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijuan Sun
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Erdan Dong
- Department of Health Sciences, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Beijing, China
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32
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Abstract
Pneumonia and infection-induced sepsis are worldwide public health concerns. Both pathologies elicit systemic inflammation and induce a robust acute-phase response (APR). Although APR activation is well regarded as a hallmark of infection, the direct contributions of liver activation to pulmonary defense during sepsis remain unclear. By targeting STAT3-dependent acute-phase changes in the liver, we evaluated the role of liver STAT3 activity in promoting host defense in the context of sepsis and pneumonia. We employed a two-hit endotoxemia/pneumonia model, whereby administration of 18 h of intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 5 mg/kg of body weight) was followed by intratracheal Escherichia coli (10(6) CFU) in wild-type mice or those lacking hepatocyte STAT3 (hepSTAT3(-/-)). Pneumonia alone (without endotoxemia) was effectively controlled in the absence of liver STAT3. Following endotoxemia and pneumonia, however, hepSTAT3(-/-) mice, with significantly reduced levels of circulating and airspace acute-phase proteins, exhibited significantly elevated lung and blood bacterial burdens and mortality. These data suggested that STAT3-dependent liver responses are necessary to promote host defense. While neither recruited airspace neutrophils nor lung injury was altered in endotoxemic hepSTAT3(-/-) mice, alveolar macrophage reactive oxygen species generation was significantly decreased. Additionally, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from this group of hepSTAT3(-/-) mice allowed greater bacterial growth ex vivo. These results suggest that hepatic STAT3 activation promotes both cellular and humoral lung defenses. Taken together, induction of liver STAT3-dependent gene expression programs is essential to countering the deleterious consequences of sepsis on pneumonia susceptibility.
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