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van Duijn J, Stieh D, Fernandez N, King D, Gilmour J, Tolboom J, Callewaert K, Willems W, Pau MG, De Rosa SC, McElrath MJ, Barouch DH, Hayes P. Mosaic HIV-1 vaccination induces anti-viral CD8 + T cell functionality in the phase 1/2a clinical trial APPROACH. J Virol 2023; 97:e0112623. [PMID: 37811993 PMCID: PMC10617392 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01126-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The functionality of CD8+ T cells against human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) antigens is indicative of HIV-progression in both animal models and people living with HIV. It is, therefore, of interest to assess CD8+ T cell responses in a prophylactic vaccination setting, as this may be an important component of the immune system that inhibits HIV-1 replication. T cell responses induced by the adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) mosaic vaccine regimen were assessed previously by IFN-γ ELISpot and flow cytometric assays, yet these assays only measure cytokine production but not the capacity of CD8+ T cells to inhibit replication of HIV-1. In this study, we demonstrate direct anti-viral function of the clinical Ad26 mosaic vaccine regimen through ex vivo inhibition of replication of diverse clades of HIV-1 isolates in the participant's own CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Stieh
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah King
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jill Gilmour
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Tolboom
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Maria G. Pau
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention B.V., Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dan H. Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Peter Hayes
- IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
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Nikas A, Ahmed H, Moore MR, Zarnitsyna VI, Antia R. When does humoral memory enhance infection? PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1011377. [PMID: 37603552 PMCID: PMC10470880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies and humoral memory are key components of the adaptive immune system. We consider and computationally model mechanisms by which humoral memory present at baseline might increase rather than decrease infection load; we refer to this effect as EI-HM (enhancement of infection by humoral memory). We first consider antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in which antibody enhances the growth of the pathogen, typically a virus, and typically at intermediate 'Goldilocks' levels of antibody. Our ADE model reproduces ADE in vitro and enhancement of infection in vivo from passive antibody transfer. But notably the simplest implementation of our ADE model never results in EI-HM. Adding complexity, by making the cross-reactive antibody much less neutralizing than the de novo generated antibody or by including a sufficiently strong non-antibody immune response, allows for ADE-mediated EI-HM. We next consider the possibility that cross-reactive memory causes EI-HM by crowding out a possibly superior de novo immune response. We show that, even without ADE, EI-HM can occur when the cross-reactive response is both less potent and 'directly' (i.e. independently of infection load) suppressive with regard to the de novo response. In this case adding a non-antibody immune response to our computational model greatly reduces or completely eliminates EI-HM, which suggests that 'crowding out' is unlikely to cause substantial EI-HM. Hence, our results provide examples in which simple models give qualitatively opposite results compared to models with plausible complexity. Our results may be helpful in interpreting and reconciling disparate experimental findings, especially from dengue, and for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Nikas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Hasan Ahmed
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mia R. Moore
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronika I. Zarnitsyna
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Rustom Antia
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
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3
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Cohen KW, De Rosa SC, Fulp WJ, deCamp AC, Fiore-Gartland A, Mahoney CR, Furth S, Donahue J, Whaley RE, Ballweber-Fleming L, Seese A, Schwedhelm K, Geraghty D, Finak G, Menis S, Leggat DJ, Rahaman F, Lombardo A, Borate BR, Philiponis V, Maenza J, Diemert D, Kolokythas O, Khati N, Bethony J, Hyrien O, Laufer DS, Koup RA, McDermott AB, Schief WR, McElrath MJ. A first-in-human germline-targeting HIV nanoparticle vaccine induced broad and publicly targeted helper T cell responses. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadf3309. [PMID: 37224227 PMCID: PMC11036875 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adf3309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The engineered outer domain germline targeting version 8 (eOD-GT8) 60-mer nanoparticle was designed to prime VRC01-class HIV-specific B cells that would need to be matured, through additional heterologous immunizations, into B cells that are able to produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. CD4 T cell help will be critical for the development of such high-affinity neutralizing antibody responses. Thus, we assessed the induction and epitope specificities of the vaccine-specific T cells from the IAVI G001 phase 1 clinical trial that tested immunization with eOD-GT8 60-mer adjuvanted with AS01B. Robust polyfunctional CD4 T cells specific for eOD-GT8 and the lumazine synthase (LumSyn) component of eOD-GT8 60-mer were induced after two vaccinations with either the 20- or 100-microgram dose. Antigen-specific CD4 T helper responses to eOD-GT8 and LumSyn were observed in 84 and 93% of vaccine recipients, respectively. CD4 helper T cell epitope "hotspots" preferentially targeted across participants were identified within both the eOD-GT8 and LumSyn proteins. CD4 T cell responses specific to one of these three LumSyn epitope hotspots were observed in 85% of vaccine recipients. Last, we found that induction of vaccine-specific peripheral CD4 T cells correlated with expansion of eOD-GT8-specific memory B cells. Our findings demonstrate strong human CD4 T cell responses to an HIV vaccine candidate priming immunogen and identify immunodominant CD4 T cell epitopes that might improve human immune responses either to heterologous boost immunogens after this prime vaccination or to other human vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - William J. Fulp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Allan C. deCamp
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Celia R. Mahoney
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sarah Furth
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Josh Donahue
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Rachael E. Whaley
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Lamar Ballweber-Fleming
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Aaron Seese
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Katharine Schwedhelm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Geraghty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Greg Finak
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Sergey Menis
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
| | - David J. Leggat
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Farhad Rahaman
- IAVI, 125 Broad Street, 9th Floor, New York, NY 10004, USA
| | | | - Bhavesh R. Borate
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - David Diemert
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Orpheus Kolokythas
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nadia Khati
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC 20052, USA
| | - Jeffrey Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington DC, 20052, USA
| | - Ollivier Hyrien
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - William R. Schief
- IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92307, USA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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4
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Cohen KW, Fiore-Gartland A, Walsh SR, Yusim K, Frahm N, Elizaga ML, Maenza J, Scott H, Mayer KH, Goepfert PA, Edupuganti S, Pantaleo G, Hutter J, Morris DE, De Rosa SC, Geraghty DE, Robb ML, Michael NL, Fischer W, Giorgi EE, Malhi H, Pensiero MN, Ferrari G, Tomaras GD, Montefiori DC, Gilbert PB, McElrath MJ, Haynes BF, Korber BT, Baden LR. Trivalent mosaic or consensus HIV immunogens prime humoral and broader cellular immune responses in adults. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e163338. [PMID: 36787249 PMCID: PMC9927951 DOI: 10.1172/jci163338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDMosaic and consensus HIV-1 immunogens provide two distinct approaches to elicit greater breadth of coverage against globally circulating HIV-1 and have shown improved immunologic breadth in nonhuman primate models.METHODSThis double-blind randomized trial enrolled 105 healthy HIV-uninfected adults who received 3 doses of either a trivalent global mosaic, a group M consensus (CON-S), or a natural clade B (Nat-B) gp160 env DNA vaccine followed by 2 doses of a heterologous modified vaccinia Ankara-vectored HIV-1 vaccine or placebo. We performed prespecified blinded immunogenicity analyses at day 70 and day 238 after the first immunization. T cell responses to vaccine antigens and 5 heterologous Env variants were fully mapped.RESULTSEnv-specific CD4+ T cell responses were induced in 71% of the mosaic vaccine recipients versus 48% of the CON-S recipients and 48% of the natural Env recipients. The mean number of T cell epitopes recognized was 2.5 (95% CI, 1.2-4.2) for mosaic recipients, 1.6 (95% CI, 0.82-2.6) for CON-S recipients, and 1.1 (95% CI, 0.62-1.71) for Nat-B recipients. Mean breadth was significantly greater in the mosaic group than in the Nat-B group using overall (P = 0.014), prime-matched (P = 0.002), heterologous (P = 0.046), and boost-matched (P = 0.009) measures. Overall T cell breadth was largely due to Env-specific CD4+ T cell responses.CONCLUSIONPriming with a mosaic antigen significantly increased the number of epitopes recognized by Env-specific T cells and enabled more, albeit still limited, cross-recognition of heterologous variants. Mosaic and consensus immunogens are promising approaches to address global diversity of HIV-1.TRIAL REGISTRATIONClinicalTrials.gov NCT02296541.FUNDINGUS NIH grants UM1 AI068614, UM1 AI068635, UM1 AI068618, UM1 AI069412, UL1 RR025758, P30 AI064518, UM1 AI100645, and UM1 AI144371, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant OPP52282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen W. Cohen
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andrew Fiore-Gartland
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen R. Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karina Yusim
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Marnie L. Elizaga
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Hyman Scott
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julia Hutter
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Daryl E. Morris
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen C. De Rosa
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Daniel E. Geraghty
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nelson L. Michael
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Will Fischer
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Elena E. Giorgi
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Harmandeep Malhi
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Michael N. Pensiero
- Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Georgia D. Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute and
- Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter B. Gilbert
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M. Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Bette T. Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, and New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA
| | - Lindsey R. Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Durable CD8 T Cell Memory against SARS-CoV-2 by Prime/Boost and Multi-Dose Vaccination: Considerations on Inter-Dose Time Intervals. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214367. [PMID: 36430845 PMCID: PMC9698736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Facing the COVID-19 pandemic, anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines were developed at unprecedented pace, productively exploiting contemporary fundamental research and prior art. Large-scale use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccines has greatly limited severe morbidity and mortality. Protection has been correlated with high serum titres of neutralizing antibodies capable of blocking the interaction between the viral surface protein spike and the host SARS-CoV-2 receptor, ACE-2. Yet, vaccine-induced protection subsides over time, and breakthrough infections are commonly observed, mostly reflecting the decay of neutralizing antibodies and the emergence of variant viruses with mutant spike proteins. Memory CD8 T cells are a potent weapon against viruses, as they are against tumour cells. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory CD8 T cells are induced by either natural infection or vaccination and can be potentially exploited against spike-mutated viruses. We offer here an overview of current research about the induction of anti-SARS-CoV-2 memory CD8 T cells by vaccination, in the context of prior knowledge on vaccines and on fundamental mechanisms of immunological memory. We focus particularly on how vaccination by two doses (prime/boost) or more (boosters) promotes differentiation of memory CD8 T cells, and on how the time-length of inter-dose intervals may influence the magnitude and persistence of CD8 T cell memory.
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Araújo NM, Rubio IGS, Toneto NPA, Morale MG, Tamura RE. The use of adenoviral vectors in gene therapy and vaccine approaches. Genet Mol Biol 2022; 45:e20220079. [PMID: 36206378 PMCID: PMC9543183 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2022-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus was first identified in the 1950s and since then this pathogenic group
of viruses has been explored and transformed into a genetic transfer vehicle.
Modification or deletion of few genes are necessary to transform it into a
conditionally or non-replicative vector, creating a versatile tool capable of
transducing different tissues and inducing high levels of transgene expression.
In the early years of vector development, the application in monogenic diseases
faced several hurdles, including short-term gene expression and even a fatality.
On the other hand, an adenoviral delivery strategy for treatment of cancer was
the first approved gene therapy product. There is an increasing interest in
expressing transgenes with therapeutic potential targeting the cancer hallmarks,
inhibiting metastasis, inducing cancer cell death or modulating the immune
system to attack the tumor cells. Replicative adenovirus as vaccines may be even
older and date to a few years of its discovery, application of non-replicative
adenovirus for vaccination against different microorganisms has been
investigated, but only recently, it demonstrated its full potential being one of
the leading vaccination tools for COVID-19. This is not a new vector nor a new
technology, but the result of decades of careful and intense work in this
field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Meneses Araújo
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ileana Gabriela Sanchez Rubio
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Mirian Galliote Morale
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Ciências
Moleculares da Tireóide, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Laboratório de Biologia Molecular
do Câncer, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. ,Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Departamento de Ciências
Biológicas, Diadema, SP, Brazil.
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7
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Oganezova K, Fontana-Martinez EJ, Gothing JA, Pandit A, Kwara E, Yanosick K, Dragavon J, Goecker EA, Maenza J, Espy N, Tomaka F, Lavreys L, Allen M, D'Souza P, Hural J, Coombs RW, Dolin R, Seaman MS, Walsh SR, Baden LR. Poststudy Point-of-Care Oral Fluid Testing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Vaccinees. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020; 8:ofaa606. [PMID: 33511233 PMCID: PMC7813203 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Experimental human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 vaccines frequently elicit antibodies against HIV-1 that may react with commonly used HIV diagnostic tests, a phenomenon known as vaccine-induced seropositivity/seroreactivity (VISP/VISR). We sought to determine, under clinic conditions, whether a patient-controlled HIV test, OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test, detected HIV-1 vaccine-induced antibodies. Methods Plasma assessment of HIV-1 cross-reactivity was examined in end-of-study samples from 57 healthy, HIV-uninfected participants who received a candidate vaccine that has entered Phase 2B and 3 testing. We also screened 120 healthy, HIV-uninfected, unblinded HIV-1 vaccine participants with VISP/VISR for an assessment using saliva. These participants came from 21 different parent vaccine protocols representing 17 different vaccine regimens, all of which contained an HIV-1 envelope immunogen. OraQuick ADVANCE was compared with results from concurrent blood samples using a series of commercial HIV screening immunoassays. Results Fifty-seven unique participant plasma samples were assayed in vitro, and only 1 (1.8%) was reactive by OraQuick ADVANCE. None of the 120 clinic participants (0%; 95% confidence interval, 0% to 3.7%) tested positive by OraQuick ADVANCE, and all were confirmed to be uninfected by HIV-1 viral ribonucleic acid testing. One hundred eighteen of the 120 (98.3%) participants had a reactive HIV test for VISP/VISR: 77 (64%) had at least 1 reactive fourth-generation HIV-1 diagnostic test (P < .0001 vs no reactive OraQuick ADVANCE results), and 41 (34%) only had a reactive test by the less specific third-generation Abbott Prism assay. Conclusions These data suggest that this widely available patient-controlled test has limited reactivity to HIV-1 antibodies elicited by these candidate HIV-1 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Oganezova
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Jon A Gothing
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alisha Pandit
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Esther Kwara
- Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Katherine Yanosick
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joan Dragavon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Erin A Goecker
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Janine Maenza
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicole Espy
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Frank Tomaka
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ludo Lavreys
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention, B.V., Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Allen
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Patricia D'Souza
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - John Hural
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Robert W Coombs
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Raphael Dolin
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Stephen R Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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The immunologic dominance of an epitope within a rationally designed poly-epitope vaccine is influenced by multiple factors. Vaccine 2020; 38:2913-2924. [PMID: 32127225 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION CD4+ T cells are essential for inducing optimal CD8+ T cell and antibody-producing B cell responses and maintaining their long-term immunological memory. Therefore, CD4+ T cells are a critical component in HIV vaccine development. Due to enormous viral gene variation and significant human host genetic diversity, HIV vaccines may need to be custom-made for different countries. METHODS Previously, we designed a CD4+ T cell vaccine based on Chinese HIV isolates and HLA-DR alleles using bioinformatics tools and predicted that 20 epitopes could cover 98.1% of the Chinese population. In vivo testing of the poly-epitope antigen in mice only activated specific T cells for some epitopes. To elucidate the mechanism of the observed differential immunogenicity, we examined poly-epitope antigen processing and presentation using in vitro and in vivo analytical methods. RESULTS Enzymatic digestion indicated that all 20 epitopes comprising the poly-epitope antigen could be liberated, but MHC II binding assays showed that neither binding affinity nor dissociation rate was associated with the magnitude of T cell immune responses elicited by each peptide epitope in vaccinated mice. Mass spectrometry analysis of MHC II-bound peptides suggested that the abundance of endogenously processed peptides bound to MHC II molecules was significantly associated with the relative immunodominance of these epitopes. CONCLUSION These results provide a new rationale for improving the design and testing of poly-epitope vaccines for HIV and other diseases.
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9
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Baden LR, Walsh SR, Seaman MS, Cohen YZ, Johnson JA, Licona JH, Filter RD, Kleinjan JA, Gothing JA, Jennings J, Peter L, Nkolola J, Abbink P, Borducchi EN, Kirilova M, Stephenson KE, Pegu P, Eller MA, Trinh HV, Rao M, Ake JA, Sarnecki M, Nijs S, Callewaert K, Schuitemaker H, Hendriks J, Pau MG, Tomaka F, Korber BT, Alter G, Dolin R, Earl PL, Moss B, Michael NL, Robb ML, Barouch DH. First-in-Human Randomized, Controlled Trial of Mosaic HIV-1 Immunogens Delivered via a Modified Vaccinia Ankara Vector. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:633-644. [PMID: 29669026 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mosaic immunogens are bioinformatically engineered human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) sequences designed to elicit clade-independent coverage against globally circulating HIV-1 strains. Methods This phase 1, double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial enrolled healthy HIV-uninfected adults who received 2 doses of a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA)-vectored HIV-1 bivalent mosaic immunogen vaccine or placebo on days 0 and 84. Two groups were enrolled: those who were HIV-1 vaccine naive (n = 15) and those who had received an HIV-1 vaccine (Ad26.ENVA.01) 4-6 years earlier (n = 10). We performed prespecified blinded cellular and humoral immunogenicity analyses at days 0, 14, 28, 84, 98, 112, 168, 270, and 365. Results All 50 planned vaccinations were administered. Vaccination was safe and generally well tolerated. No vaccine-related serious adverse events occurred. Both cellular and humoral cross-clade immune responses were elicited after 1 or 2 vaccinations in all participants in the HIV-1 vaccine-naive group. Env-specific responses were induced after a single immunization in nearly all subjects who had previously received the prototype Ad26.ENVA.01 vaccine. Conclusions No safety concerns were identified, and multiclade HIV-1-specific immune responses were elicited. Clinical Trials Registration NCT02218125.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Baden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen R Walsh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Michael S Seaman
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Yehuda Z Cohen
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Jennifer A Johnson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - J Humberto Licona
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston.,Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Rachel D Filter
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Jane A Kleinjan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Jon A Gothing
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston
| | - Julia Jennings
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Marinela Kirilova
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston
| | - Kathryn E Stephenson
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Poonam Pegu
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael A Eller
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hung V Trinh
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mangala Rao
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Julie A Ake
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | | | - Steven Nijs
- Crucell Holland, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jenny Hendriks
- Crucell Holland, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maria G Pau
- Crucell Holland, Janssen, Johnson & Johnson, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Tomaka
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, New Jersey
| | - Bette T Korber
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory, New Mexico
| | - Galit Alter
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Raphael Dolin
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Patricia L Earl
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bernard Moss
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nelson L Michael
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring
| | - Merlin L Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring.,Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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10
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jerome H. Kim
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Perdiguero B, Sánchez-Corzo C, S Sorzano CO, Mediavilla P, Saiz L, Esteban M, Gómez CE. Induction of Broad and Polyfunctional HIV-1-Specific T Cell Responses by the Multiepitopic Protein TMEP-B Vectored by MVA Virus. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030057. [PMID: 31261918 PMCID: PMC6789790 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) vaccine able to induce long-lasting immunity remains a major challenge. We previously designed a T cell multiepitopic immunogen including protective conserved epitopes from HIV-1 Gag, Pol and Nef proteins (TMEP-B), that induced potent HIV-1-specific CD8 T cells when vectored by DNA and combined with the vaccine candidate modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-B. Here, we described the vectorization of TMEP-B in MVA (MVA-TMEP) and evaluated the T cell immunogenicity profile elicited in mice when administered in homologous (MVA/MVA) or heterologous (DNA/MVA) prime/boost vector regimens or using homologous or heterologous inserts. The heterologous vector regimen was superior to the homologous protocol in inducing T cell responses. DNA-TMEP-primed animals boosted with MVA-TMEP or MVA-B exhibited the highest magnitudes of HIV-1-specific CD8, CD4 and T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, with MVA-TMEP significantly expanding Gag-specific CD8 T cell responses. In the homologous vector regimen, all groups exhibited similar HIV-1-specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses, but both MVA-B/MVA-B and MVA-TMEP/MVA-TMEP combinations elicited higher Gag-Pol-Nef (GPN)-specific CD8 T cell responses compared to MVA-TMEP/MVA-B. Our results revealed an enhanced induction of HIV-1-specific T cell responses by TMEP-B when vectored in both DNA and MVA, and supported their use in combined prime/boost strategies for HIV-1 prevention and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Perdiguero
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Sánchez-Corzo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Oscar S Sorzano
- Biocomputing Unit, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Mediavilla
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lidia Saiz
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano Esteban
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Carmen Elena Gómez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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12
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Pan E, Feng F, Li P, Yang Q, Ma X, Wu C, Zhao J, Yan H, Chen R, Chen L, Sun C. Immune Protection of SIV Challenge by PD-1 Blockade During Vaccination in Rhesus Monkeys. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2415. [PMID: 30405615 PMCID: PMC6206945 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Though immune correlates for protection are still under investigation, potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses are desirable for an ideal HIV-1 vaccine. PD-1 blockade enhances SIV-specific CD8+ T cells. However, little information has been reported about how it affects the immunogenicity and protection of prophylactic SIV vaccines in nonhuman primates. Here, we show that PD-1 blockade during vaccination substantially improved protective efficacy in SIV challenged macaques. The PD-1 pathway was blocked using a monoclonal antibody specific to human PD-1. Administration of this antibody effectively augmented and sustained vaccine-induced SIV-specific T cell responses for more than 42 weeks after first immunization in rhesus monkeys, as compared with SIV vaccination only. Importantly, after intrarectally repeated low-dosage challenge with highly pathogenic SIVmac239, monkeys with PD-1 blockade during vaccination achieved full protection against incremental viral doses of up to 50,000 TICD50. These findings highlight the importance of PD-1 blockade during vaccination for the development of HIV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enxiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengling Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pingchao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuchang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunxiu Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Rulei Chen
- Genor Biopharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,The Guangzhou 8th People's Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China
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13
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Liu W, Wong YC, Chen SMY, Tang J, Wang H, Cheung AKL, Chen Z. DNA prime/MVTT boost regimen with HIV-1 mosaic Gag enhances the potency of antigen-specific immune responses. Vaccine 2018; 36:4621-4632. [PMID: 29961605 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 diversity and latent reservoir are the major challenges for the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. It is well indicated that Gag-specific CD8+ T cells serve as the dominant host immune surveillance for HIV-1 control, but it still remains a challenge for vaccine design to induce broader and stronger cytotoxic T cell immunity against the virus. Genetic variation of the HIV-1 gag gene across different clades is one of the reasons for the reduction of antigenic epitope coverage. Here, we report an immunization strategy with heterologous vaccines expressing a mosaic Gag antigen aimed to increase antigenic breadth against a wider spectrum of HIV-1 strains. Priming using a DNA vaccine via in vivo electroporation, followed by boosting with a live replication-competent modified vaccinia TianTan (MVTT) vectored vaccine, elicited greater and broader protective Gag-specific immune responses in mice. Compared to DNA or MVTT homologous immunization, the heterologous DNA/MVTT vaccination resulted in higher frequencies of broadly reactive, Gag-specific, polyfunctional, long-lived cytotoxic CD8+ T cells, as well as increased anti-Gag antibody titer. Importantly, the DNA/MVTT heterologous vaccination induced protection against EcoHIV and mesothelioma AB1-Gag challenges. In summary, the stronger protective Gag-specific immunity induced by the heterologous regimen using two safe vectors shows promise for further development to enhance anti-HIV-1 immunity. Our study has important implications for immunogen design and the development of an effective HIV-1 heterologous vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Liu
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yik Chun Wong
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Samantha M Y Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Jiansong Tang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Haibo Wang
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Allen Ka Loon Cheung
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- AIDS Institute and Department of Microbiology, State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; HKU-AIDS Institute Shenzhen Research Laboratory, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, PR China.
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14
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Virus-Like-Vaccines against HIV. Vaccines (Basel) 2018; 6:vaccines6010010. [PMID: 29439476 PMCID: PMC5874651 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines6010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection against chronic infections has necessitated the development of ever-more potent vaccination tools. HIV seems to be the most challenging foe, with a remarkable, poorly immunogenic and fragile surface glycoprotein and the ability to overpower the cell immune system. Virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccines have emerged as potent inducers of antibody and helper T cell responses, while replication-deficient viral vectors have yielded potent cytotoxic T cell responses. Here, we review the emerging concept of merging these two technologies into virus-like-vaccines (VLVs) for the targeting of HIV. Such vaccines are immunologically perceived as viruses, as they infect cells and produce VLPs in situ, but they only resemble viruses, as the replication defective vectors and VLPs cannot propagate an infection. The inherent safety of such a platform, despite robust particle production, is a distinct advantage over live-attenuated vaccines that must balance safety and immunogenicity. Previous studies have delivered VLVs encoded in modified Vaccinia Ankara vectors and we have developed the concept into a single-reading adenovirus-based technology capable of eliciting robust CD8+ and CD4+ T cells responses and trimer binding antibody responses. Such vaccines offer the potential to display the naturally produced immunogen directly and induce an integrated humoral and cellular immune response.
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15
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Kusi KA, Faber BW, Koopman G, Remarque EJ. EDiP: the Epitope Dilution Phenomenon. Lessons learnt from a malaria vaccine antigen and its applicability to polymorphic antigens. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 17:13-21. [PMID: 29224404 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1411198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymorphism in vaccine antigens poses major challenges to vaccinologists. The Plasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) poses such a challenge. We found that immunization with a mixture of three variants yielded functional antibody levels to all variants comparable to levels induced by monovalent immunization. The mechanism behind the observed broadening was shown to be an increase in the fraction of cross-reactive antibodies, most likely because strain-specific epitopes are present at lower frequency relative to conserved epitopes. Areas covered: We hereby introduce the Epitope Dilution Phenomenon (EDiP) as a practical strategy for the induction of broad, cross-variant antibody responses against polymorphic antigens and discuss the utility and applicability of this phenomenon for the development of vaccines against polymorphic antigens of pathogens like Influenza, HIV, Dengue and Plasmodium. Expert commentary: EDiP can be used to broaden antibody responses by immunizing with a mixture of at least 3 antigenic variants, where the variants included can differ, yet yield broadened responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwadwo Asamoah Kusi
- a Immunology Department , Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences University of Ghana , Accra , Ghana
| | - Bart W Faber
- b Department of Parasitology , Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk , The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit Koopman
- c Department of Virology , Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk , The Netherlands
| | - Edmond Joseph Remarque
- c Department of Virology , Biomedical Primate Research Centre , Rijswijk , The Netherlands
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16
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Workshop report: Nucleic acid delivery devices for HIV vaccines: Workshop proceedings, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA, May 21, 2015. Vaccine 2017; 36:427-437. [PMID: 29174315 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
On May 21st, 2015, the U.S. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) convened a workshop on delivery devices for nucleic acid (NA) as vaccines in order to review the landscape of past and future technologies for administering NA (e.g., DNA, RNA, etc.) as antigen into target tissues of animal models and humans. Its focus was on current and future applications for preventing and treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) disease, among other infectious-disease priorities. Meeting participants presented the results and experience of representative clinical trials of NA vaccines using a variety of alternative delivery devices, as well as a broader group of methods studied in animal models and at bench top, to improve upon the performance and/or avoid the drawbacks of conventional needle-syringe (N-S) delivery. The subjects described and discussed included (1) delivery targeted into oral, cutaneous/intradermal, nasal, upper and lower respiratory, and intramuscular tissues; (2) devices and techniques for jet injection, solid, hollow, and dissolving microneedles, patches for topical passive diffusion or iontophoresis, electroporation, thermal microporation, nasal sprayers, aerosol upper-respiratory and pulmonary inhalation, stratum-corneum ablation by ultrasound, chemicals, and mechanical abrasion, and kinetic/ballistic delivery; (3) antigens, adjuvants, and carriers such as DNA, messenger RNA, synthesized plasmids, chemokines, wet and dry aerosols, and pollen-grain and microparticle vectors; and (4) the clinical experience and humoral, cellular, and cytokine immune responses observed for many of these target tissues, technologies, constructs, and carriers. This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop (https://web.archive.org/web/20160228112310/https://www.blsmeetings.net/NucleicAcidDeliveryDevices/), which was webcast live in its entirety and archived online (http://videocast.nih.gov/summary.asp?live=16059).
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17
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Holanda RA, Muñoz JE, Dias LS, Silva LBR, Santos JRA, Pagliari S, Vieira ÉLM, Paixão TA, Taborda CP, Santos DA, Bruña-Romero O. Recombinant vaccines of a CD4+ T-cell epitope promote efficient control of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis burden by restraining primary organ infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005927. [PMID: 28938005 PMCID: PMC5627964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an infectious disease endemic to South America, caused by the thermally dimorphic fungi Paracoccidioides. Currently, there is no effective human vaccine that can be used in prophylactic or therapeutic regimes. We tested the hypothesis that the immunogenicity of the immunodominant CD4+ T-cell epitope (P10) of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 antigen might be significantly enhanced by using a hepatitis B virus-derived particle (VLP) as an antigen carrier. This chimera was administered to mice as a (His)6-purified protein (rPbT) or a replication-deficient human type 5 adenoviral vector (rAdPbT) in an immunoprophylaxis assay. The highly virulent Pb18 yeast strain was used to challenge our vaccine candidates. Fungal challenge evoked robust P10-specific memory CD4+ T cells secreting protective Th-1 cytokines in most groups of immunized mice. Furthermore, the highest level of fungal burden control was achieved when rAdPbT was inoculated in a homologous prime-boost regimen, with 10-fold less CFU recovering than in non-vaccinated mice. Systemic Pb18 spreading was only prevented when rAdPbT was previously inoculated. In summary, we present here VLP/P10 formulations as vaccine candidates against PCM, some of which have demonstrated for the first time their ability to prevent progression of this pernicious fungal disease, which represents a significant social burden in developing countries.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Fungal/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/genetics
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Fungal Proteins/immunology
- Fungal Vaccines/administration & dosage
- Fungal Vaccines/immunology
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Immunization
- Immunodominant Epitopes/immunology
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Immunologic Memory
- Liver/microbiology
- Lung/microbiology
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Paracoccidioides/growth & development
- Paracoccidioides/immunology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/immunology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/microbiology
- Paracoccidioidomycosis/prevention & control
- Spleen/microbiology
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/genetics
- Vaccines, Virus-Like Particle/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Assunção Holanda
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Universidade CEUMA, Maranhão, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Julián Esteban Muñoz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Lucas Santos Dias
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Julliana Ribeiro Alves Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Laboratório de Microbiologia Ambiental, Universidade CEUMA, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Sthefany Pagliari
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Tatiane Alves Paixão
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Oscar Bruña-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Lee CS, Bishop ES, Zhang R, Yu X, Farina EM, Yan S, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Wu X, Lei J, Li Y, Zhang W, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, Ho S, Athiviraham A, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Reid RR, He TC. Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Delivery: Potential Applications for Gene and Cell-Based Therapies in the New Era of Personalized Medicine. Genes Dis 2017; 4:43-63. [PMID: 28944281 PMCID: PMC5609467 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 395] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
With rapid advances in understanding molecular pathogenesis of human diseases in the era of genome sciences and systems biology, it is anticipated that increasing numbers of therapeutic genes or targets will become available for targeted therapies. Despite numerous setbacks, efficacious gene and/or cell-based therapies still hold the great promise to revolutionize the clinical management of human diseases. It is wildly recognized that poor gene delivery is the limiting factor for most in vivo gene therapies. There has been a long-lasting interest in using viral vectors, especially adenoviral vectors, to deliver therapeutic genes for the past two decades. Among all currently available viral vectors, adenovirus is the most efficient gene delivery system in a broad range of cell and tissue types. The applications of adenoviral vectors in gene delivery have greatly increased in number and efficiency since their initial development. In fact, among over 2,000 gene therapy clinical trials approved worldwide since 1989, a significant portion of the trials have utilized adenoviral vectors. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the characteristics of adenoviral vectors, including adenoviral biology, approaches to engineering adenoviral vectors, and their applications in clinical and pre-clinical studies with an emphasis in the areas of cancer treatment, vaccination and regenerative medicine. Current challenges and future directions regarding the use of adenoviral vectors are also discussed. It is expected that the continued improvements in adenoviral vectors should provide great opportunities for cell and gene therapies to live up to its enormous potential in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody S. Lee
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Elliot S. Bishop
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Evan M. Farina
- The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yasha Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264100, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and the Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sherwin Ho
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Aravind Athiviraham
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Michael J. Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Russell R. Reid
- Laboratory of Craniofacial Biology and Development, Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Lokhandwala S, Fang X, Waghela SD, Bray J, Njongmeta LM, Herring A, Abdelsalam KW, Chase C, Mwangi W. Priming Cross-Protective Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus-Specific Immunity Using Live-Vectored Mosaic Antigens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170425. [PMID: 28099492 PMCID: PMC5242483 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) plays a key role in bovine respiratory disease complex, which can lead to pneumonia, diarrhea and death of calves. Current vaccines are not very effective due, in part, to immunosuppressive traits and failure to induce broad protection. There are diverse BVDV strains and thus, current vaccines contain representative genotype 1 and 2 viruses (BVDV-1 & 2) to broaden coverage. BVDV modified live virus (MLV) vaccines are superior to killed virus vaccines, but they are susceptible to neutralization and complement-mediated destruction triggered by passively acquired antibodies, thus limiting their efficacy. We generated three novel mosaic polypeptide chimeras, designated NproE2123; NS231; and NS232, which incorporate protective determinants that are highly conserved among BVDV-1a, 1b, and BVDV-2 genotypes. In addition, strain-specific protective antigens from disparate BVDV strains were included to broaden coverage. We confirmed that adenovirus constructs expressing these antigens were strongly recognized by monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal sera, and IFN-γ-secreting T cells generated against diverse BVDV strains. In a proof-of-concept efficacy study, the multi-antigen proto-type vaccine induced higher, but not significantly different, IFN-γ spot forming cells and T-cell proliferation compared to a commercial MLV vaccine. In regards to the humoral response, the prototype vaccine induced higher BVDV-1 specific neutralizing antibody titers, whereas the MLV vaccine induced higher BVDV-2 specific neutralizing antibody titers. Following BVDV type 2a (1373) challenge, calves immunized with the proto-type or the MLV vaccine had lower clinical scores compared to naïve controls. These results support the hypothesis that a broadly protective subunit vaccine can be generated using mosaic polypeptides that incorporate rationally selected and validated protective determinants from diverse BVDV strains. Furthermore, regarding biosafety of using a live vector in cattle, we showed that recombinant human adenovirus-5 was cleared within one week following intradermal inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehnaz Lokhandwala
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suryakant D. Waghela
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn Bray
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Leo M. Njongmeta
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andy Herring
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Karim W. Abdelsalam
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Christopher Chase
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, United States of America
| | - Waithaka Mwangi
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Andersson AMC, Holst PJ. Increased T cell breadth and antibody response elicited in prime-boost regimen by viral vector encoded homologous SIV Gag/Env in outbred CD1 mice. J Transl Med 2016; 14:343. [PMID: 27998269 PMCID: PMC5175304 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A major obstacle for the development of HIV vaccines is the virus' worldwide sequence diversity. Nevertheless, the presence of T cell epitopes within conserved regions of the virus' structural Gag protein and conserved structures in the envelope (env) sequence raises the possibility that cross-reactive responses may be induced by vaccination. In this study, the aim was to investigate the importance of antigenic match on immunodominance and breadth of obtainable T cell responses. METHODS Outbred CD1 mice were immunized with either heterologous (SIVmac239 and HIV-1 clade B consensus) or homologous (SIVmac239) gag sequences using adenovirus (Ad5) and MVA vectors. Env (SIVmac239) was co-encoded in the vectors to study the induction of antibodies, which is a primary target of current HIV vaccine designs. All three vaccines were designed as virus-encoded virus-like particle vaccines. Antibody responses were analysed by ELISA, avidity ELISA, and neutralization assay. T cell responses were determined by intracellular cytokine staining of splenocytes. RESULTS The homologous Env/Gag prime-boost regimen induced higher Env binding antibodies, and induced stronger and broader Gag specific CD8+ T cell responses than the homologous Env/heterologous Gag prime-boost regimen. Homologous Env/heterologous Gag immunization resulted in selective boosting of Env specific CD8+ T cell responses and consequently a paradoxical decreased recognition of variant sequences including conserved elements of p24 Gag. CONCLUSIONS These results contrast with related studies using Env or Gag as the sole antigen and suggest that prime-boost immunizations based on homologous SIVmac239 Gag inserts is an efficient component of genetic VLP vaccines-both for induction of potent antibody responses and cross-reactive CD8+ T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Carola Andersson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Peter Johannes Holst
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Center for Medical Parasitology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Crank MC, Wilson EMP, Novik L, Enama ME, Hendel CS, Gu W, Nason MC, Bailer RT, Nabel GJ, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Koup RA, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS. Safety and Immunogenicity of a rAd35-EnvA Prototype HIV-1 Vaccine in Combination with rAd5-EnvA in Healthy Adults (VRC 012). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166393. [PMID: 27846256 PMCID: PMC5112788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND VRC 012 was a Phase I study of a prototype recombinant adenoviral-vector serotype-35 (rAd35) HIV vaccine, the precursor to two recently published clinical trials, HVTN 077 and 083. On the basis of prior evaluation of multiclade rAd5 HIV vaccines, Envelope A (EnvA) was selected as the standard antigen for a series of prototype HIV vaccines to compare various vaccine platforms. In addition, prior studies of rAd5-vectored vaccines suggested pre-existing human immunity may be a confounding factor in vaccine efficacy. rAd35 is less seroprevalent across human populations and was chosen for testing alone and in combination with a rAd5-EnvA vaccine in the present two-part phase I study. METHODS First, five subjects each received a single injection of 109, 1010, or 1011 particle units (PU) of rAd35-EnvA in an open-label, dose-escalation study. Next, 20 Ad5/Ad35-seronegative subjects were randomized to blinded, heterologous prime-boost schedules combining rAd5-EnvA and rAd35-EnvA with a three month interval. rAd35-EnvA was given at 1010 or 1011 PU to ten subjects each; all rAd5-EnvA injections were 1010 PU. EnvA-specific immunogenicity was assessed four weeks post-injection. Solicited reactogenicity and clinical safety were followed after each injection. RESULTS Vaccinations were well tolerated at all dosages. Antibody responses measured by ELISA were detected at 4 weeks in 30% and 50% of subjects after single doses of 1010 or 1011 PU rAd35, respectively, and in 89% after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection. EnvA-specific IFN-γ ELISpot responses were detected at four weeks in 0%, 70%, and 50% of subjects after the respective rAd35-EnvA dosages compared to 89% of subjects after rAd5. T cell responses were higher after a single rAd5-EnvA 1010 PU injection than after a single rAd35-EnvA 1010 PU injection, and humoral responses were low after a single dose of either vector. Of those completing the vaccine schedule, 100% of rAd5-EnvA recipients and 90% of rAd35-EnvA recipients had both T cell and humoral responses after boosting with the heterologous vector. ELISpot response magnitude was similar in both regimens and comparable to a single dose of rAd5. A trend toward more robust CD8 T cell responses using rAd5-EnvA prime and rAd35-EnvA boost was observed. Humoral response magnitude was also similar after either heterologous regimen, but was several fold higher than after a single dose of rAd5. Adverse events (AEs) related to study vaccines were in general mild and limited to one episode of hematuria, Grade two. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) AEs were consistent with an in vitro effect on the laboratory assay for aPTT due to a transient induction of anti-phospholipid antibody, a phenomenon that has been reported in other adenoviral vector vaccine trials. CONCLUSIONS Limitations of the rAd vaccine vectors, including the complex interactions among pre-existing adenoviral immunity and vaccine-induced immune responses, have prompted investigators to include less seroprevalent vectors such as rAd35-EnvA in prime-boost regimens. The rAd35-EnvA vaccine described here was well tolerated and immunogenic. While it effectively primed and boosted antibody responses when given in a reciprocal prime-boost regimen with rAd5-EnvA using a three-month interval, it did not significantly improve the frequency or magnitude of T cell responses above a single dose of rAd5. The humoral and cellular immunogenicity data reported here may inform future vaccine and study design. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00479999.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C. Crank
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Eleanor M. P. Wilson
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Laura Novik
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Enama
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Cynthia S. Hendel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Clinical Research Directorate/Clinical Monitoring Research Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., NCI Campus at Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, 21702, United States of America
| | - Martha C. Nason
- Biostatistics Research Branch, Division of Clinical Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Robert T. Bailer
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gary J. Nabel
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Adrian B. McDermott
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John R. Mascola
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Koup
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Julie E. Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barney S. Graham
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Hu X, Valentin A, Dayton F, Kulkarni V, Alicea C, Rosati M, Chowdhury B, Gautam R, Broderick KE, Sardesai NY, Martin MA, Mullins JI, Pavlakis GN, Felber BK. DNA Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen To Increase Breadth, Magnitude, and Cytotoxicity of the Cellular Immune Responses to Subdominant Gag Epitopes of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and HIV. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:3999-4013. [PMID: 27733554 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
HIV sequence diversity and the propensity of eliciting immunodominant responses targeting variable regions of the HIV proteome are hurdles in the development of an effective AIDS vaccine. An HIV-derived conserved element (CE) p24gag plasmid DNA (pDNA) vaccine is able to redirect immunodominant responses to otherwise subdominant and often more vulnerable viral targets. By homology to the HIV immunogen, seven CE were identified in SIV p27Gag Analysis of 31 rhesus macaques vaccinated with full-length SIV gag pDNA showed inefficient induction (58% response rate) of cellular responses targeting these CE. In contrast, all 14 macaques immunized with SIV p27CE pDNA developed robust T cell responses recognizing CE. Vaccination with p27CE pDNA was also critical for the efficient induction and increased the frequency of Ag-specific T cells with cytotoxic potential (granzyme B+ CD107a+) targeting subdominant CE epitopes, compared with the responses elicited by the p57gag pDNA vaccine. Following p27CE pDNA priming, two booster regimens, gag pDNA or codelivery of p27CE+gag pDNA, significantly increased the levels of CE-specific T cells. However, the CE+gag pDNA booster vaccination elicited significantly broader CE epitope recognition, and thus, a more profound alteration of the immunodominance hierarchy. Vaccination with HIV molecules showed that CE+gag pDNA booster regimen further expanded the breadth of HIV CE responses. Hence, SIV/HIV vaccine regimens comprising CE pDNA prime and CE+gag pDNA booster vaccination significantly increased cytotoxic T cell responses to subdominant highly conserved Gag epitopes and maximized response breadth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Hu
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Antonio Valentin
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Frances Dayton
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Viraj Kulkarni
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Candido Alicea
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Margherita Rosati
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Bhabadeb Chowdhury
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Rajeev Gautam
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | | | | | - Malcolm A Martin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - James I Mullins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - George N Pavlakis
- Human Retrovirus Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
| | - Barbara K Felber
- Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, Vaccine Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702;
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