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Dasriya VL, Samtiya M, Ranveer S, Dhillon HS, Devi N, Sharma V, Nikam P, Puniya M, Chaudhary P, Chaudhary V, Behare PV, Dhewa T, Vemuri R, Raposo A, Puniya DV, Khedkar GD, Vishweswaraiah RH, Vij S, Alarifi SN, Han H, Puniya AK. Modulation of gut-microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6359-6375. [PMID: 38334314 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Dietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet-microbes, microbe-microbe interactions, and microbe-host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mrinal Samtiya
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Soniya Ranveer
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | | | - Nishu Devi
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Vikas Sharma
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Pranali Nikam
- College of Dairy Science and Food Technology, Dau Shri Vasudev Chandrakar, Kamdhenu University, Raipur, India
| | - Monica Puniya
- Science and Standards Division, Food Safety and Standards Authority of India, FDA Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Microbiology Department, VCSG Government Institute of Medical Science and Research, Srinagar, India
| | - Vishu Chaudhary
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, India
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Tejpal Dhewa
- Department of Nutrition Biology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, India
| | - Ravichandra Vemuri
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dharun Vijay Puniya
- Center of One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Gulab D Khedkar
- Paul Hebert Center for DNA Barcoding and Biodiversity Studies, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad, India
| | | | - Shilpa Vij
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Sehad N Alarifi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Science, Al-Quwayiyah College of Sciences and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqraa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heesup Han
- College of Hospitality and Tourism Management, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Anil Kumar Puniya
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Luiskari L, Launonen H, Lindén J, Lehto M, Vapaatalo H, Salmenkari H, Korpela R. Ketogenic Diet High in Saturated Fat Promotes Colonic Claudin Expression without Changes in Intestinal Permeability to Iohexol in Healthy Mice. Nutrients 2023; 16:18. [PMID: 38201850 PMCID: PMC10780785 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets (KDs) have been studied in preclinical models of intestinal diseases. However, little is known of how the fat source of these diets influences the intestinal barrier. Herein, we studied the impact of four-week feeding with KD high either in saturated fatty acids (SFA-KD) or polyunsaturated linoleic acid (LA-KD) on paracellular permeability of the intestine to iohexol in healthy male C57BL/6J mice. We investigated jejunal and colonic tight junction protein expression, histological changes, and inflammatory markers (Il1b, Il6, Tnf, and Lcn2), as well as the activity and expression of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in feces and jejunal tissue, respectively, and plasma lipopolysaccharide. KDs did not change intestinal permeability to iohexol after two or twenty-six days of feeding regardless of fat quality. SFA-KD, but not LA-KD, upregulated the colonic expression of tight junction proteins claudin-1 and -4, as well as the activity of IAP. Both KDs resulted in increased epithelial vacuolation in jejunum, and this was pronounced in SFA-KD. Jejunal Il1β expression was lower and colonic Il6 expression higher in LA-KD compared to SFA-KD. In colon, Tnf mRNA was increased in LA-KD when compared to controls. Overall, the results suggest that KDs do not influence intestinal permeability to iohexol but elicit changes in colonic tight junction proteins and inflammatory markers in both jejunum and colon. Future research will show whether these changes become of importance upon proinflammatory insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotta Luiskari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hanna Launonen
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Jere Lindén
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- Finnish Centre for Laboratory Animal Pathology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Lehto
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Vapaatalo
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
| | - Hanne Salmenkari
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, 00290 Helsinki, Finland; (M.L.); (H.S.)
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Korpela
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (H.L.); (H.V.)
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Smith AD, Chen C, Cheung L, Dawson HD. Raw potato starch alters the microbiome, colon and cecal gene expression, and resistance to Citrobacter rodentium infection in mice fed a Western diet. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1057318. [PMID: 36704785 PMCID: PMC9871501 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1057318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistant starches (RS) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids and other microbial metabolites that can alter host physiology and the composition of the microbiome. We previously showed that mice fed a Total Western Diet (TWD) based on NHANES data that mimics the composition of a typical American diet, containing resistant potato starch (RPS), produced concentration dependent changes to the cecal short-chain fatty acids, the microbiome composition as well as gene expression changes in the cecum and colon that were most prevalent in mice fed the 10% RPS diet. We were then interested in whether feeding TWD/RPS would alter the resistance to bacterial-induced colitis caused by Citrobacter rodentium (Cr), a mouse pathogen that shares 66.7% of encoded genes with Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mice were fed the TWD for 6 weeks followed by a 3-weeks on the RPS diets before infecting with Cr. Fecal Cr excretion was monitored over time and fecal samples were collected for 16S sequencing. Mice were euthanized on day 12 post-infection and cecal contents collected for 16S sequencing. Cecum and colon tissues were obtained for gene expression analysis, histology and to determine the level of mucosa-associated Cr. Feeding RPS increased the percentage of mice productively infected by Cr and fecal Cr excretion on day 4 post-infection. Mice fed the TWD/10% RPS diet also had greater colonization of colonic tissue at day 12 post-infection and colonic pathology. Both diet and infection altered the fecal and cecal microbiome composition with increased levels of RPS resulting in decreased α-diversity that was partially reversed by Cr infection. RNASeq analysis identified several mechanistic pathways that could be associated with the increased colonization of Cr-infected mice fed 10% RPS. In the distal colon we found a decrease in enrichment for genes associated with T cells, B cells, genes associated with the synthesis of DHA-derived SPMs and VA metabolism/retinoic acid signaling. We also found an increase in the expression of the potentially immunosuppressive gene, Ido1. These results suggest that high-level consumption of RPS in the context of a typical American diet, may alter susceptibility to gastrointestinal bacterial infections.
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Valdes J, Gagné-Sansfaçon J, Reyes V, Armas A, Marrero G, Moyo-Muamba M, Ramanathan S, Perreault N, Ilangumaran S, Rivard N, Fortier LC, Menendez A. Defects in the expression of colonic host defense factors associate with barrier dysfunction induced by a high-fat/high-cholesterol diet. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 306:1165-1183. [PMID: 36196983 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Western diets in the gastrointestinal system is largely mediated by their ability to promote alterations in the immunity and physiology of the intestinal epithelium, and to affect the composition of the commensal microbiota. To investigate the response of the colonic epithelium to high-fat/high-cholesterol diets (HFHCDs), we evaluated the synthesis of host defense factors involved in the maintenance of the colonic homeostasis. C57BL/6 mice were fed an HFHCD for 3 weeks and their colons were evaluated for histopathology, gene expression, and microbiota composition. In addition, intestinal permeability and susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium were also studied. HFHCD caused colonic hyperplasia, loss of goblet cells, thinning of the mucus layer, moderate changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and an increase in intestinal permeability. Gene expression analyses revealed significant drops in the transcript levels of Muc1, Muc2, Agr2, Atoh1, Spdef, Ang4, Camp, Tff3, Dmbt1, Fcgbp, Saa3, and Retnlb. The goblet cell granules of HFHCD-fed mice were devoid of Relmβ and Tff3, indicating defective production of those two factors critical for intestinal epithelial defense and homeostasis. In correspondence with these defects, colonic bacteria were in close contact with, and invading the epithelium. Fecal shedding of C. rodentium showed an increased bacterial burden in HFHCD-fed animals accompanied by increased epithelial damage. Collectively, our results show that HFHCD perturbs the synthesis of colonic host defense factors, which associate with alterations in the commensal microbiota, the integrity of the intestinal barrier, and the host's susceptibility to enteric infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Valdes
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jessica Gagné-Sansfaçon
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vilcy Reyes
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anny Armas
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gisela Marrero
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mitterrand Moyo-Muamba
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheela Ramanathan
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Perreault
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Subburaj Ilangumaran
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie Rivard
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Fortier
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alfredo Menendez
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
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Trautenberg LC, Brankatschk M, Shevchenko A, Wigby S, Reinhardt K. Ecological lipidology. eLife 2022; 11:79288. [PMID: 36069772 PMCID: PMC9451535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lipids (DLs), particularly sterols and fatty acids, are precursors for endogenous lipids that, unusually for macronutrients, shape cellular and organismal function long after ingestion. These functions – cell membrane structure, intracellular signalling, and hormonal activity – vary with the identity of DLs, and scale up to influence health, survival, and reproductive fitness, thereby affecting evolutionary change. Our Ecological Lipidology approach integrates biochemical mechanisms and molecular cell biology into evolution and nutritional ecology. It exposes our need to understand environmental impacts on lipidomes, the lipid specificity of cell functions, and predicts the evolution of lipid-based diet choices. Broad interdisciplinary implications of Ecological Lipidology include food web alterations, species responses to environmental change, as well as sex differences and lifestyle impacts on human nutrition, and opportunities for DL-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marko Brankatschk
- Biotechnology Center (BIOTEC), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrej Shevchenko
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stuart Wigby
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Department of Evolution, Ecology and Behaviour, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Klaus Reinhardt
- Applied Zoology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Haskey N, Ye J, Estaki M, Verdugo Meza AA, Barnett JA, Yousefi M, Birnie BW, Gruenheid S, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. A Mediterranean-like fat blend protects against the development of severe colitis in the mucin-2 deficient murine model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2055441. [PMID: 35471119 PMCID: PMC9045830 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2055441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the interaction between diet, the gut microbiota and the immune system contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A mounting body of scientific evidence suggests that high-fat diets exacerbate IBD; however, there is a lack of information on how specific types of fat impact colitis. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a health-promoting diet containing approximately 40% total fat. It is not known if the blend of fats found in the MD contributes to its beneficial protective effects. Mice deficient in the mucin 2 gene (Muc 2-/-) were weaned to 40% fat, isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets. We compared the MD fat blend (high monounsaturated, 2:1 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated and moderate saturated fat) to diets composed of corn oil (CO, n-6 polyunsaturated-rich), olive oil (monounsaturated-rich) or milk fat (MF, saturated-rich) on spontaneous colitis development in Muc2-/- mice. The MD resulted in lower clinical and histopathological scores and induced tolerogenic CD103+ CD11b+ dendritic, Th22 and IL-17+ IL-22+ cells necessary for intestinal barrier repair. The MD was associated with beneficial microbes and associated with higher cecal acetic acid levels negatively correlated with colitogenic microbes like Akkermansia muciniphila. In contrast, CO showed a higher prevalence of mucin-degraders including A. muciniphila and Enterobacteriaceae, which have been associated with colitis. A dietary blend of fats mimicking the MD, reduces disease activity, inflammation-related biomarkers and improves metabolic parameters in the Muc2-/- mouse model. Our findings suggest that the MD fat blend could be incorporated into a maintenance diet for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrea A. Verdugo Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- The Center for Phenogenomics Infection & McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Blake W. Birnie
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Associate Professor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,CONTACT Deanna L. Gibson ASC 368, 3187University Way Kelowna, BCCanadaV1V 1V7250-807-8790; 250-807-8001
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Wenzel TJ, Haskey N, Kwong E, Greuel BK, Gates EJ, Gibson DL, Klegeris A. Dietary fats modulate neuroinflammation in mucin 2 knock out mice model of spontaneous colitis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166336. [PMID: 34973372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Specific diets regulate neuroimmune responses and modify risk of inflammatory bowel diseases, including ulcerative colitis. A link between gut and brain inflammation is also emerging. We hypothesized that adjusting dietary fatty acid composition modulates the neuroimmune responses in the mucin 2 knock out mice model of spontaneous colitis. Mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed isocaloric diets that only differed in their fatty acid composition. Diets enriched with anhydrous milk fat, corn oil, or Mediterranean diet fats were used. After nine weeks, brain and serum concentrations of ten inflammatory cytokines were measured. Three of these cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12 p70 and interferon-γ, were differentially expressed in the brains of animals from the three diet groups while there were no differences in the serum concentrations of these cytokines. Since only limited information is available about the functions of IL-2 in the central nervous system, in vitro experiments were performed to assess its effects on microglia. IL-2 had no effect on the secretion of neurotoxins and nitric oxide by microglia-like cells, but it selectively regulated phagocytic activity and reactive oxygen species production by stimulated microglia-like cells. Modulation of microglial reactive oxygen species through altered brain IL-2 concentrations could be one of the mechanisms linking diets with modified risk of neuroimmune disorders including Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wenzel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Evan Kwong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Bridget K Greuel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ellen J Gates
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.
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Tasnim N, Quin C, Gill S, Dai C, Hart M, Gibson DL. Early life environmental exposures have a minor impact on the gut ecosystem following a natural birth. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-15. [PMID: 33530826 PMCID: PMC7872070 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1875797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that the environment is an important source of colonizing bacteria for the gastrointestinal tract of C-section delivered infants, who undergo multiple birth-related interventions; however, the extent to which environmental microbes impact vaginally delivered infants remains unclear. Here we investigated the impact of rural and urban environmental exposures on microbial establishment and immunity in vaginally delivered mice. We simulated rural and urban home environments by adding soil types to cages from breeding to weaning. Our aims were to determine the impact of rural and urban soil exposures on the gut microbiome in young mice and to understand whether these changes persisted into adulthood. Host immune cytokines and microbial short-chain fatty acids were quantified to understand the impact on immunity. We found that early-life soil exposure had a minor effect on the richness of the neonatal gut microbiota contributing 5% and 9% variation in the bacterial community structure between mice during early-life and adulthood, respectively. Exposure to urban soil increased Clostridiaceae and propionic acid which persisted into adulthood. While soil exposure had a limited effect on the gut taxa, systemic cytokine and chemokine profiles were altered in adulthood. The findings presented here show that unlike in C-section deliveries previously reported, environmental exposures following a natural birth have a limited impact on the gut microbial taxa but potentially play an important role in immune-mediated disease susceptibility later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Miranda Hart
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, Canada,Deanna L. Gibson Department of Biology, The Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences, University of British Columbia, Room ASC 368, 3187 University Way, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, V1V 1V7 Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, Canada,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, Canada,CONTACT Miranda Hart
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Wang S, Zhang L, Wang D, Huang M, Zhao J, Malik V, Liu X, Sun L, Lin X, Chen Y. Gut Microbiota Composition is Associated with Responses to Peanut Intervention in Multiple Parameters Among Adults with Metabolic Syndrome Risk. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001051. [PMID: 34327851 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peanuts are widely consumed as a meal ingredient and a snack, and are commonly considered as a healthy food based on their nutrient profile. Peanut consumption has been associated with a lower risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in epidemiological studies. This study aims to investigate whether consuming peanuts affects the gut microbiota in adults with risk of MetS and whether the intervention effect of peanuts is associated with gut microbiota composition. METHODS AND RESULTS This study analyzes the gut microbiota of subjects from a 12-week randomized clinical trial comparing consumption of either peanuts or isocaloric carbohydrate bars. It is observed that there is high inter-individual variability on multiple clinical and anthropometrical parameters in response to peanut consumption. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota composition is also highly person-specific and have minor changes when compared laterally or longitudinally. This study employs a machine-learning algorithm and establishes prediction models using the microbiome data and the responsiveness data of different parameters in subjects with peanut intervention. As a result, it is found that the improvement of MetS risk and numerous parameters, including diastolic blood pressure, body weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose level can be predicted for responsiveness with high accuracy that has a value of area under curve over 0.70 by receiver operating characteristic analysis. CONCLUSION Together, the findings of this study suggest that individual gut microbiota configuration may modulate host metabolism and alter an individual's response to peanut intervention, thus highlighting the importance of personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Lingling Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Di Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Meiqin Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Vasanti Malik
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Xiaoran Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xu Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yan Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
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Internal connections between dietary intake and gut microbiota homeostasis in disease progression of ulcerative colitis: a review. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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11
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Quin C, Ghosh S, Dai C, Barnett JA, Garner AM, Yoo RKH, Zandberg WF, Botta A, Gorzelak MA, Gibson DL. Maternal Intake of Dietary Fat Pre-Programs Offspring's Gut Ecosystem Altering Colonization Resistance and Immunity to Infectious Colitis in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2000635. [PMID: 33559319 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202000635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The transgenerational impact of dietary fat remains unclear. Here, the role of maternal fat consumption as a modulator of gut microbial communities and infectious disease outcomes in their offspring is explored. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice are fed isocaloric high-fat diets throughout breeding, gestation and lactation. Diets contained either milk fat (MF), olive oil (OO) or corn oil (CO), with or without fish oil. The pups born to maternally exposed mice are weaned on to chow and raised into adulthood. At 8 weeks, the offsprings are either euthanized for colonic 16S rRNA analysis or challenged with the enteric pathogen, Citrobacter rodentium. Maternal CO exposure resulted in unique clustering of bacterial communities in offspring compared with MF and OO. Diets rich in CO reduced survival in offspring challenged with C. rodentium. The addition of fish oil did not improve mortality caused by CO and worsened disease outcomes when combined with OO. Unlike the unsaturated diets, MF is protective with and without fish oil. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these data reveal that maternal intake of fatty acids do have transgenerational impacts on their offspring's bacteriome and enteric infection risk. Based on this study, saturated fats should be included in maternal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chuanbin Dai
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alexander M Garner
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rachael K H Yoo
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wesley F Zandberg
- Department of Chemistry Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Amy Botta
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monika A Gorzelak
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology Okanagan campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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12
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The Canonical Long-Chain Fatty Acid Sensing Machinery Processes Arachidonic Acid To Inhibit Virulence in Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. mBio 2021; 12:mBio.03247-20. [PMID: 33468701 PMCID: PMC7845647 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.03247-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play important roles in host immunity. Manipulation of lipid content in host tissues through diet or pharmacological interventions is associated with altered severity of various inflammatory diseases. The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is a complex biochemical organ that generates a diverse milieu of host- and microbe-derived metabolites. In this environment, bacterial pathogens sense and respond to specific stimuli, which are integrated into the regulation of their virulence programs. Previously, we identified the transcription factor FadR, a long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) sensor, as a novel virulence regulator in the human foodborne pathogen enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Here, we demonstrate that exogenous LCFAs directly inhibit the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island in EHEC through sensing by FadR. Moreover, in addition to LCFAs that are 18 carbons in length or shorter, we introduce host-derived arachidonic acid (C20:4) as an additional LCFA that is recognized by the FadR system in EHEC. We show that arachidonic acid is processed by the acyl-CoA synthetase FadD, which permits binding to FadR and decreases FadR affinity for its target DNA sequences. This interaction enables the transcriptional regulation of FadR-responsive operons by arachidonic acid in EHEC, including the LEE. Finally, we show that arachidonic acid inhibits hallmarks of EHEC disease in a FadR-dependent manner, including EHEC attachment to epithelial cells and the formation of attaching and effacing lesions. Together, our findings delineate a molecular mechanism demonstrating how LCFAs can directly inhibit the virulence of an enteric bacterial pathogen. More broadly, our findings expand the repertoire of ligands sensed by the canonical LFCA sensing machinery in EHEC to include arachidonic acid, an important bioactive lipid that is ubiquitous within host environments.
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13
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Cao Y, Liu J, Zhu W, Qin N, Ren X, Zhu B, Xia X. Impact of dietary components on enteric infectious disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4010-4035. [PMID: 33455435 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1871587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diets impact host health in multiple ways and an unbalanced diet could contribute to the initiation or progression of a variety of diseases. Although a wealth of information exists on the connections between diet and chronic metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, etc., how diet influences enteric infectious disease still remain underexplored. The review summarizes the current findings on the link between various dietary components and diverse enteric infectious diseases. Dietary ingredients discussed include macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), and other dietary ingredients (phytonutrients and probiotic supplements). We first describe the importance of enteric infectious diseases and the direct and indirect relationship between diet and enteric infectious diseases. Then we discuss the effects of different dietary components on the susceptibility to or progression of enteric infectious disease. Finally, we delineate current knowledge gap and highlighted future research directions. The literature review revealed that different dietary components affect host resistance to enteric infections through a variety of mechanisms. Dietary components may directly inhibit or bind to enteric pathogens, or indirectly influence enteric infections through modulating immune function and gut microbiota. Elucidating the unique repercussions of different diets on enteric infections in this review may help provide dietary guidelines or design dietary interventions to prevent or alleviate enteric infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiaxiu Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wenxiu Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ningbo Qin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaomeng Ren
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Beiwei Zhu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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14
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Quin C, Vollman DM, Ghosh S, Haskey N, Estaki M, Pither J, Barnett JA, Jay MN, Birnie BW, Gibson DL. Fish oil supplementation reduces maternal defensive inflammation and predicts a gut bacteriome with reduced immune priming capacity in infants. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2090-2104. [PMID: 32398661 PMCID: PMC7368083 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Habitual supplementation of fish oil is thought to provide benefits to the developing infant; however, the effects on infant microbial establishment and immune development are unknown. A 6-month observational cohort study was conducted where 47 out of 91 women self-administered dietary fish oil during breastfeeding. Infant stool and mothers' breast milk were collected each month over 6 months. Gas chromatography was used to quantify breast milk fatty acids and high-throughput sequencing was used to assess the infant fecal microbiota. Immune markers and parent-reported questionnaires were used to assess infant immunity and health up to 2 years. Our results reveal that fish oil supplementation decreased secretory immunoglobulin A and increased IL-10 production in lactating women along with increased breast milk eicosapentaenoic acid, and this corresponded to increased abundances of fecal Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. in their infants. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in breast milk aligned with decreases in infant gut bacterial richness and the predicted bacterial phenotypes suggested that fish oil lowers commensal traits involved in pathogen colonization resistance. Despite this, there were no differences in sickness incidence in toddlers. This study revealed that fish oil associates with decreases in breast milk defensive inflammatory responses and corresponds with infant fecal microbiota with anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna M Vollman
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jason Pither
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Michael N Jay
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Blake W Birnie
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada.
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15
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Rondanelli M, Lamburghini S, Faliva MA, Peroni G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Iannello G, Infantino V, Alalwan TA, Perna S, Miccono A. A food pyramid, based on a review of the emerging literature, for subjects with inflammatory bowel disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 68:17-46. [PMID: 32499202 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Emerging literature suggests that diet plays an important modulatory role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) through the management of inflammation and oxidative stress. The aim of this narrative review is to evaluate the evidence collected up till now regarding optimum diet therapy for IBD and to design a food pyramid for these patients. The pyramid shows that carbohydrates should be consumed every day (3 portions), together with tolerated fruits and vegetables (5 portions), yogurt (125ml), and extra virgin olive oil; weekly, fish (4 portions), white meat (3 portions), eggs (3 portions), pureed legumes (2 portions), seasoned cheeses (2 portions), and red or processed meats (once a week). At the top of the pyramid, there are two pennants: the red one means that subjects with IBD need some personalized supplementation and the black one means that there are some foods that are banned. The food pyramid makes it easier for patients to decide what they should eat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Silvia Lamburghini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Milena A Faliva
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Unit, Indena, Milan 20146, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Spadaccini
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Clara Gasparri
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Iannello
- General Management, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona "Istituto Santa Margherita", Pavia 27100, Italy
| | - Vittoria Infantino
- University of Bari Aldo Moro, Department of Biomedical Science and Human Oncology, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy.
| | - Tariq A Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir Campus, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| | - Alessandra Miccono
- University of Pavia, Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Section of Human Nutrition, Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona, Pavia 27100, Italy
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16
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Verdugo-Meza A, Ye J, Dadlani H, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. Connecting the Dots Between Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Metabolic Syndrome: A Focus on Gut-Derived Metabolites. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1434. [PMID: 32429195 PMCID: PMC7285036 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the microbiome in health and disease has gained considerable attention and shed light on the etiology of complex diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Since the microorganisms inhabiting the gut can confer either protective or harmful signals, understanding the functional network between the gut microbes and the host provides a comprehensive picture of health and disease status. In IBD, disruption of the gut barrier enhances microbe infiltration into the submucosae, which enhances the probability that gut-derived metabolites are translocated from the gut to the liver and pancreas. Considering inflammation and the gut microbiome can trigger intestinal barrier dysfunction, risk factors of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance may have common roots with IBD. In this review, we focus on the overlap between IBD and MetS, and we explore the role of common metabolites in each disease in an attempt to connect a common origin, the gut microbiome and derived metabolites that affect the gut, liver and pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Verdugo-Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada; (A.V.-M.); (J.Y.); (H.D.)
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
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17
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The effects of different high-fat (lard, soybean oil, corn oil or olive oil) diets supplemented with fructo-oligosaccharides on colonic alkaline phosphatase activity in rats. Eur J Nutr 2020; 60:89-99. [PMID: 32193633 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-020-02219-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We recently reported that fermentable non-digestible carbohydrates including fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS) commonly elevate colonic alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of IAP-I, an ALP gene, in rats fed a high-fat (HF) diet, and also elevate gut mucins and modulate gut microbiota. This study aims to investigate whether dietary fat types influence the effect of FOS on colonic ALP activity and the luminal environment in HF-fed rats. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a diet containing 30% soybean oil, corn oil, olive oil or lard with or without 4% FOS for 2 weeks. Colon ALP activity, gene expression, and gut luminal variables including mucins and microbiota were measured. RESULTS In the lard diet groups, dietary FOS significantly elevated colonic ALP activity and the expression of IAP-I. The elevating effect of FOS on colonic ALP activity was also observed in the olive oil diet groups, although here the IAP-I expression was not changed. However, the soybean oil and corn oil diet groups did not exhibit the elevating effect of FOS on colon ALP. Fecal ALP and mucins were significantly elevated by dietary FOS regardless of dietary fat types, and the effect of FOS was prominent in the lard diet groups. The number of Lactobacillus spp. observed in fecal matter was significantly increased by dietary FOS in the lard and olive oil diet groups, but not in the soybean oil and corn oil diets groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that dietary fat types may change the effect of FOS on the colonic luminal environment including the ALP activity in rats fed a high-fat diet.
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18
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Ezra-Nevo G, Henriques SF, Ribeiro C. The diet-microbiome tango: how nutrients lead the gut brain axis. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 62:122-132. [PMID: 32199342 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients and the microbiome have a profound impact on the brain by influencing its development and function in health and disease. The mechanisms by which they shape brain function have only started to be uncovered. Here we propose that the interaction of diet with the microbiome is at the core of most mechanisms by which gut microbes affect host brain function. The microbiome acts on the host by altering the nutrients in the diet and by using them as precursors for synthetizing psychoactive metabolites. Diet is also a major modulator of gut microbiome composition making this another key mechanism by which they affect the host brain. Nutrient-microbiome-host interactions therefore provide an overarching framework to understand the function of the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gili Ezra-Nevo
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Sílvia F Henriques
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal
| | - Carlos Ribeiro
- Behavior and Metabolism Laboratory, Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-038, Portugal.
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19
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Lallès JP. Recent advances in intestinal alkaline phosphatase, inflammation, and nutrition. Nutr Rev 2020; 77:710-724. [PMID: 31086953 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much new data on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) have been published, and major breakthroughs have been disclosed. The aim of the present review is to critically analyze the publications released over the last 5 years. These breakthroughs include, for example, the direct implication of IAP in intestinal tight junction integrity and barrier function maintenance; chronic intestinal challenge with low concentrations of Salmonella generating long-lasting depletion of IAP and increased susceptibility to inflammation; the suggestion that genetic mutations in the IAP gene in humans contribute to some forms of chronic inflammatory diseases and loss of functional IAP along the gut and in stools; stool IAP as an early biomarker of incipient diabetes in humans; and omega-3 fatty acids as direct inducers of IAP in intestinal tissue. Many recent papers have also explored the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of IAP and other alkaline phosphatase (AP) isoforms in various experimental settings and diseases. Remarkably, nearly all data confirm the potent anti-inflammatory properties of (I)AP and the negative consequences of its inhibition on health. A simplified model of the body AP system integrating the IAP compartment is provided. Finally, the list of nutrients and food components stimulating IAP has continued to grow, thus emphasizing nutrition as a potent lever for limiting inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Lallès
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Human Nutrition Division, Clermont-Ferrand, France, and the Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Ouest, Nantes, France
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20
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Lee HC, Lo YC, Yu SC, Tung TH, Lin IH, Huang SY. Degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour and gut microbiota in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2019; 71:440-452. [PMID: 31645150 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2019.1681380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of the degree of lipid saturation on depressive behaviour and gut microbiota in mice. Thirty-two mice were divided into normal (N), Prozac (NP), lard (L) and fish oil (F) groups. After a 12-week dietary intervention, the open field test (OFT) and the forced swim test (FST) were conducted before sacrifice. The mice in the L group exhibited anxiety-like behaviours in the OFT and depressive-like behaviours in the FST. A significant difference was observed in β-diversity indices between the L group and the F group. The abundance of Allobaculum and Bifidobacterium was significantly higher in the F group than in the L and N groups. The prefrontal cortex fatty acid composition was altered in various lipid-treated groups and was highly correlated with depressive-like behaviours. In conclusion, the degree of lipid saturation affects depressive-like behaviour, gut microbiota composition, and the prefrontal cortex fatty acid profile in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Chuan Lee
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yun-Chun Lo
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shao-Chuan Yu
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Te-Hsuan Tung
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Yi Huang
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Graduate Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.,Center for Reproductive Medicine & Sciences, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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21
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Citrobacter rodentium-host-microbiota interactions: immunity, bioenergetics and metabolism. Nat Rev Microbiol 2019; 17:701-715. [PMID: 31541196 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-019-0252-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Citrobacter rodentium is an extracellular enteric mouse-specific pathogen used to model infections with human pathogenic Escherichia coli and inflammatory bowel disease. C. rodentium injects type III secretion system effectors into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) to target inflammatory, metabolic and cell survival pathways and establish infection. While the host responds to infection by activating innate and adaptive immune signalling, required for clearance, the IECs respond by rapidly shifting bioenergetics to aerobic glycolysis, which leads to oxygenation of the epithelium, an instant expansion of mucosal-associated commensal Enterobacteriaceae and a decline of obligate anaerobes. Moreover, infected IECs reprogramme intracellular metabolic pathways, characterized by simultaneous activation of cholesterol biogenesis, import and efflux, leading to increased serum and faecal cholesterol levels. In this Review we summarize recent advances highlighting the intimate relationship between C. rodentium pathogenesis, metabolism and the gut microbiota.
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22
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Quin C, Gibson DL. Dietary Fatty Acids and Host-Microbial Crosstalk in Neonatal Enteric Infection. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2064. [PMID: 31484327 PMCID: PMC6770655 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human milk is the best nutritional choice for infants. However, in instances where breastfeeding is not possible, infant formulas are used as alternatives. While formula manufacturers attempt to mimic the performance of human breast milk, formula-fed babies consistently have higher incidences of infection from diarrheal diseases than those breastfed. Differences in disease susceptibility, progression and severity can be attributed, in part, to nutritional fatty acid differences between breast milk and formula. Despite advances in our understanding of breast milk properties, formulas still present major differences in their fatty acid composition when compared to human breast milk. In this review, we highlight the role of distinct types of dietary fatty acids in modulating host inflammation, both directly and through the microbiome-immune nexus. We present evidence that dietary fatty acids influence enteric disease susceptibility and therefore, altering the fatty acid composition in formula may be a potential strategy to improve infectious outcomes in formula-fed infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus ASC 386, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, Okanagan Campus, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus ASC 386, 3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada.
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23
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Forgie AJ, Fouhse JM, Willing BP. Diet-Microbe-Host Interactions That Affect Gut Mucosal Integrity and Infection Resistance. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1802. [PMID: 31447837 PMCID: PMC6691341 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract microbiome plays a critical role in regulating host innate and adaptive immune responses against pathogenic bacteria. Disease associated dysbiosis and environmental induced insults, such as antibiotic treatments can lead to increased susceptibility to infection, particularly in a hospital setting. Dietary intervention is the greatest tool available to modify the microbiome and support pathogen resistance. Some dietary components can maintain a healthy disease resistant microbiome, whereas others can contribute to an imbalanced microbial population, impairing intestinal barrier function and immunity. Characterizing the effects of dietary components through the host-microbe axis as it relates to gastrointestinal health is vital to provide evidence-based dietary interventions to mitigate infections. This review will cover the effect of dietary components (carbohydrates, fiber, proteins, fats, polyphenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals) on intestinal integrity and highlight their ability to modulate host-microbe interactions as to improve pathogen resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Benjamin P. Willing
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Abulizi N, Quin C, Brown K, Chan YK, Gill SK, Gibson DL. Gut Mucosal Proteins and Bacteriome Are Shaped by the Saturation Index of Dietary Lipids. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020418. [PMID: 30781503 PMCID: PMC6412740 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of the tripartite relationship between the host, gut bacteria and diet in the gut is relatively unknown. An imbalance between harmful and protective gut bacteria, termed dysbiosis, has been linked to many diseases and has most often been attributed to high-fat dietary intake. However, we recently clarified that the type of fat, not calories, were important in the development of murine colitis. To further understand the host-microbe dynamic in response to dietary lipids, we fed mice isocaloric high-fat diets containing either milk fat, corn oil or olive oil and performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the colon microbiome and mass spectrometry-based relative quantification of the colonic metaproteome. The corn oil diet, rich in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, increased the potential for pathobiont survival and invasion in an inflamed, oxidized and damaged gut while saturated fatty acids promoted compensatory inflammatory responses involved in tissue healing. We conclude that various lipids uniquely alter the host-microbe interaction in the gut. While high-fat consumption has a distinct impact on the gut microbiota, the type of fatty acids alters the relative microbial abundances and predicted functions. These results support that the type of fat are key to understanding the biological effects of high-fat diets on gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nijiati Abulizi
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Candice Quin
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Kirsty Brown
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Yee Kwan Chan
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Sandeep K Gill
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, IKBSAS, University of British Columbia, Okanagan campus, Kelowna V1V 1V7, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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Hyder A. PGlyRP3 concerts with PPARγ to attenuate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 67:46-53. [PMID: 30530168 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nutrients may modulate immunity through their transcription factors that act on both metabolic and immunity genes. It has been shown that the transcription factor of lipid ligands PPARγ physically binds the gene promoter of the peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGlyRP3), which showed anti-inflammatory action in vitro. It is hypothesized in the present work that olive oil feeding protects against toxicity of DSS-induced colitis via activation of the lipid transcription factor PPARγ that stimulates the anti-inflammatory PGlyRP3. Results: PGlyRP3 is expressed in mouse colon and up-regulated by olive oil feeding. Olive oil reduced mortality and severity scores of DSS-induced colitis and down-regulated the proinflammatory IL-1b, IL-6 and TNFα genes. This protective effect was accompanied by up-regulation of both PPARγ and PGlyRP3. Inhibition of PPARγ by its antagonist BADGE down-regulated PGlyRP3 and abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of olive oil feeding in this DSS-induced colitis model, reflecting the pivotal role of PPARγ binding nutrition and inflammation. Activation of PGlyRP3 by its ligand peptidoglycan was not responsible for the inflammation caused by peptidoglycan, since neutralization of TLR2 attenuated this inflammatory response without affecting the peptidoglycan-induced PGlyRP3 level. Olive oil activated the IκBα and inhibited NF-κB and cox-2 gene expressions, and p65 nuclear translocation in DSS-colitis mice, reflecting the involvement of the inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in the anti-inflammatory olive oil - PPARγ - PGlyRP3 access. This pathway was reactivated by the PPARγ antagonist BADGE. Conclusions: Olive oil regulates by the same transcription factor (PPARγ) both lipid metabolic and immune gene (PGlyRP3) expressions, exerting the anti-inflammatory effect, and protecting against DSS-induced colitis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Hyder
- Faculty of Science, Damietta University, New Damietta 34517, Egypt.
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Sobocińska J, Roszczenko-Jasińska P, Ciesielska A, Kwiatkowska K. Protein Palmitoylation and Its Role in Bacterial and Viral Infections. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2003. [PMID: 29403483 PMCID: PMC5780409 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
S-palmitoylation is a reversible, enzymatic posttranslational modification of proteins in which palmitoyl chain is attached to a cysteine residue via a thioester linkage. S-palmitoylation determines the functioning of proteins by affecting their association with membranes, compartmentalization in membrane domains, trafficking, and stability. In this review, we focus on S-palmitoylation of proteins, which are crucial for the interactions of pathogenic bacteria and viruses with the host. We discuss the role of palmitoylated proteins in the invasion of host cells by bacteria and viruses, and those involved in the host responses to the infection. We highlight recent data on protein S-palmitoylation in pathogens and their hosts obtained owing to the development of methods based on click chemistry and acyl-biotin exchange allowing proteomic analysis of protein lipidation. The role of the palmitoyl moiety present in bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoproteins, contributing to infectivity and affecting recognition of bacteria by innate immune receptors, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paula Roszczenko-Jasińska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ciesielska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kwiatkowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Membrane Biology, Department of Cell Biology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Dosoky NS, Guo L, Chen Z, Feigley AV, Davies SS. Dietary Fatty Acids Control the Species of N-Acyl-Phosphatidylethanolamines Synthesized by Therapeutically Modified Bacteria in the Intestinal Tract. ACS Infect Dis 2018; 4:3-13. [PMID: 29019649 PMCID: PMC6555640 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.7b00127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Engineering the gut microbiota to produce specific beneficial metabolites represents an important new potential strategy for treating chronic diseases. Our previous studies with bacteria engineered to produce N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), the immediate precursors of the lipid satiety factors N-acyl-ethanolamides (NAEs), found that colonization of these bacteria inhibited development of obesity in C57BL/6J mice fed a high fat diet. Individual NAE species differ in their bioactivities. Intriguingly, colonization by our engineered bacteria resulted in increased hepatic N-stearoyl-ethanolamide (C18:0NAE) levels despite the apparent inability of these bacteria to biosynthesize its precursor N-stearoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine (C18:0NAPE) in vitro. We therefore sought to identify the factors that allowed C18:0NAPE biosynthesis by the engineered bacteria after colonization of the intestinal tract. We found that the species of NAPE biosynthesized by engineered bacteria depends on the species of dietary fatty acids available in the intestine, suggesting a simple method to fine-tune the therapeutic effects of modified microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura S Dosoky
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Lilu Guo
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Zhongyi Chen
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Andrew V Feigley
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
| | - Sean S Davies
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University , Rm 556 Robinson Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6602, United States
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Statovci D, Aguilera M, MacSharry J, Melgar S. The Impact of Western Diet and Nutrients on the Microbiota and Immune Response at Mucosal Interfaces. Front Immunol 2017; 8:838. [PMID: 28804483 PMCID: PMC5532387 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings point toward diet having a major impact on human health. Diets can either affect the gut microbiota resulting in alterations in the host’s physiological responses or by directly targeting the host response. The microbial community in the mammalian gut is a complex and dynamic system crucial for the development and maturation of both systemic and mucosal immune responses. Therefore, the complex interaction between available nutrients, the microbiota, and the immune system are central regulators in maintaining homeostasis and fighting against invading pathogens at mucosal sites. Westernized diet, defined as high dietary intake of saturated fats and sucrose and low intake of fiber, represent a growing health risk contributing to the increased occurrence of metabolic diseases, e.g., diabetes and obesity in countries adapting a westernized lifestyle. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and asthma are chronic mucosal inflammatory conditions of unknown etiology with increasing prevalence worldwide. These conditions have a multifactorial etiology including genetic factors, environmental factors, and dysregulated immune responses. Their increased prevalence cannot solely be attributed to genetic considerations implying that other factors such as diet can be a major contributor. Recent reports indicate that the gut microbiota and modifications thereof, due to a consumption of a diet high in saturated fats and low in fibers, can trigger factors regulating the development and/or progression of both conditions. While asthma is a disease of the airways, increasing evidence indicates a link between the gut and airways in disease development. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the impact of westernized diet and associated nutrients on immune cell responses and the microbiota and how these can influence the pathology of IBD and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donjete Statovci
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mònica Aguilera
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Silvia Melgar
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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