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Lee J, Whitney JB. Immune checkpoint inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for HIV eradication: current insights and future directions. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2024; 19:179-186. [PMID: 38747727 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW HIV-1 infection contributes substantially to global morbidity and mortality, with no immediate promise of an effective prophylactic vaccine. Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication, but latent viral reservoirs allow the virus to persist and reignite active replication if ART is discontinued. Moreover, inflammation and immune disfunction persist despite ART-mediated suppression of HIV. Immune checkpoint molecules facilitate immune dysregulation and viral persistence. However, their therapeutic modulation may offer an avenue to enhance viral immune control for patients living with HIV-1 (PLWH). RECENT FINDINGS The success of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy in oncology suggests that targeting these same immune pathways might be an effective therapeutic approach for treating PLWH. Several ICIs have been evaluated for their ability to reinvigorate exhausted T cells, and possibly reverse HIV latency, in both preclinical and clinical HIV-1 studies. SUMMARY Although there are very encouraging findings showing enhanced CD8 + T-cell function with ICI therapy in HIV infection, it remains uncertain whether ICIs alone could demonstrably impact the HIV reservoir. Moreover, safety concerns and significant clinical adverse events present a hurdle to the development of ICI approaches. This review provides an update on the current knowledge regarding the development of ICIs for the remission of HIV-1 in PWH. We detail recent findings from simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque models, clinical trials in PLWH, and the role of soluble immune checkpoint molecules in HIV pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Lee
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Barbehenn A, Shi L, Shao J, Hoh R, Hartig HM, Pae V, Sarvadhavabhatla S, Donaire S, Sheikhzadeh C, Milush J, Laird GM, Mathias M, Ritter K, Peluso M, Martin J, Hecht F, Pilcher C, Cohen SE, Buchbinder S, Havlir D, Gandhi M, Henrich TJ, Hatano H, Wang J, Deeks SG, Lee SA. Rapid Biphasic Decay of Intact and Defective HIV DNA Reservoir During Acute Treated HIV Disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.03.27.24304867. [PMID: 38585951 PMCID: PMC10996734 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.24304867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is not a cure. Upon ART cessation, virus rapidly rebounds from latently-infected cells ("the HIV reservoir"). The reservoir is largely stabilized at the time of ART initiation and then decays slowly. Here, leveraging >500 longitudinal samples from 67 people with HIV (PWH) treated during acute infection, we developed a novel mathematical model to predict reservoir decay using the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) from peripheral CD4+ T cells. Nonlinear generalized additive models adjusted for initial CD4+ T count, pre-ART viral load, and timing of ART initiation demonstrated rapid biphasic decay of intact DNA (week 0-5: t1/2 ~0.71 months; week 5-24: t1/2 ~3.9 months) that extended out to 1 year of ART, with similar trends for defective DNA. Predicted reservoir decay were faster for participants individuals with earlier timing of ART initiation, higher initial CD4+ T cell count, and lower pre-ART viral load. These estimates are ~5-fold faster than prior reservoir decay estimates among chronic-treated PWH. Thus, these data add to our limited understanding of host viral control at the earliest stages of HIV reservoir stabilization, potentially informing future HIV cure efforts aimed at diverse, global population of PWH initiating ART at varying stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alton Barbehenn
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94110, USA
| | - Junzhe Shao
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94110, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Heather M. Hartig
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Vivian Pae
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sannidhi Sarvadhavabhatla
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sophia Donaire
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Caroline Sheikhzadeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Milush
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Peluso
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jeffrey Martin
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of California San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Frederick Hecht
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Christopher Pilcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
| | - Susan Buchbinder
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA
| | - Diane Havlir
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Monica Gandhi
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Timothy J. Henrich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Hiroyu Hatano
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Jingshen Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94110, USA
| | - Steven G. Deeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - Sulggi A. Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of HIV, Infectious Diseases & Global Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
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3
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Marković V, Szczepańska A, Berlicki Ł. Antiviral Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024; 67:3205-3231. [PMID: 38394369 PMCID: PMC10945500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Continually repeating outbreaks of pathogenic viruses necessitate the construction of effective antiviral strategies. Therefore, the development of new specific antiviral drugs in a well-established and efficient manner is crucial. Taking into account the strong ability of viruses to change, therapies with diversified molecular targets must be sought. In addition to the widely explored viral enzyme inhibitor approach, inhibition of protein-protein interactions is a very valuable strategy. In this Perspective, protein-protein interaction inhibitors targeting HIV, SARS-CoV-2, HCV, Ebola, Dengue, and Chikungunya viruses are reviewed and discussed. Antibodies, peptides/peptidomimetics, and small molecules constitute three classes of compounds that have been explored, and each of them has some advantages and disadvantages for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violeta Marković
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
- University
of Kragujevac, Faculty of Science,
Department of Chemistry, R. Domanovića 12, 34000 Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Anna Szczepańska
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Wrocław
University of Science and Technology, Department
of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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4
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Donnelly DJ, Kim J, Tran T, Scola PM, Tenney D, Pena A, Petrone T, Zhang Y, Boy KM, Poss MA, Cole EL, Soars MG, Johnson BM, Cohen D, Batalla D, Chow PL, Shorts AO, Du S, Meanwell NA, Bonacorsi SJ. The discovery and evaluation of [ 18F]BMS-986229, a novel macrocyclic peptide PET radioligand for the measurement of PD-L1 expression and in-vivo PD-L1 target engagement. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:978-990. [PMID: 38049658 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06527-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE A same-day PET imaging agent capable of measuring PD-L1 status in tumors is an important tool for optimizing PD-1 and PD-L1 treatments. Herein we describe the discovery and evaluation of a novel, fluorine-18 labeled macrocyclic peptide-based PET ligand for imaging PD-L1. METHODS [18F]BMS-986229 was synthesized via copper mediated click-chemistry to yield a PD-L1 PET ligand with picomolar affinity and was tested as an in-vivo tool for assessing PD-L1 expression. RESULTS Autoradiography showed an 8:1 binding ratio in L2987 (PD-L1 (+)) vs. HT-29 (PD-L1 (-)) tumor tissues, with >90% specific binding. Specific radioligand binding (>90%) was observed in human non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and cynomolgus monkey spleen tissues. Images of PD-L1 (+) tissues in primates were characterized by high signal-to-noise, with low background signal in non-expressing tissues. PET imaging enabled clear visualization of PD-L1 expression in a murine model in vivo, with 5-fold higher uptake in L2987 (PD-L1 (+)) than in control HT-29 (PD-L1 (-)) tumors. Moreover, this imaging agent was used to measure target engagement of PD-L1 inhibitors (peptide or mAb), in PD-L1 (+) tumors as high as 97%. CONCLUSION A novel 18F-labeled macrocyclic peptide radioligand was developed for PET imaging of PD-L1 expressing tissues that demonstrated several advantages within a nonhuman primate model when compared directly to adnectin- or mAb-based ligands. Clinical studies are currently evaluating [18F]BMS-986229 to measure PD-L1 expression in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Donnelly
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery-PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA.
| | | | - Tritin Tran
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery-PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Paul M Scola
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, USA
| | | | | | | | - Yunhui Zhang
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, USA
| | - Kenneth M Boy
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, USA
| | - Michael A Poss
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - Erin L Cole
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery-PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | - Matthew G Soars
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, USA
| | - Benjamin M Johnson
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Cambridge, USA
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Biologics and Platforms, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | - Daniel Batalla
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery-PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
| | | | | | - Shuyan Du
- Imaging, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, USA
| | | | - Samuel J Bonacorsi
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery-PET Radiochemical Synthesis, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, P.O. Box 4000, Princeton, NJ, 08543, USA
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5
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Gay CL, Bosch RJ, McKhann A, Cha R, Morse GD, Wimbish CL, Campbell DM, Moseley KF, Hendrickx S, Messer M, Benson CA, Overton ET, Paccaly A, Jankovic V, Miller E, Tressler R, Li JZ, Kuritzkes DR, Macatangay BJC, Eron JJ, Hardy WD. Safety and Immune Responses Following Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Infusions in Healthy Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy. Open Forum Infect Dis 2024; 11:ofad694. [PMID: 38449916 PMCID: PMC10917183 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Background T cells in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) demonstrate an exhausted phenotype, and HIV-specific CD4+ T cells expressing programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are enriched for latent HIV, making antibody to PD-1 a potential strategy to target the latent reservoir. Methods This was a phase 1/2, randomized (4:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with suppressed HIV on antiretroviral therapy with CD4+ counts ≥350 cells/μL who received 2 infusions of cemiplimab versus placebo. The primary outcome was safety, defined as any grade 3 or higher adverse event (AE) or any immune-related AE (irAE). Changes in HIV-1-specific polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses were evaluated. Results Five men were enrolled (median CD4+ count, 911 cells/μL; median age, 51 years); 2 received 1 dose of cemiplimab, 2 received 2 doses, and 1 received placebo. One participant had a probable irAE (thyroiditis, grade 2); another had a possible irAE (hepatitis, grade 3), both after a single low-dose (0.3 mg/kg) infusion. The Safety Monitoring Committee recommended no further enrollment or infusions. All 4 cemiplimab recipients were followed for 48 weeks. No other cemiplimab-related serious AEs, irAEs, or grade 3 or higher AEs occurred. One 2-dose recipient of cemiplimab had a 6.2-fold increase in polyfunctional, Gag-specific CD8+ T-cell frequency with supportive increases in plasma HIV RNA and decreases in total HIV DNA. Conclusions One of 4 participants exhibited increased HIV-1-specific T-cell responses and transiently increased HIV-1 expression following 2 cemiplimab infusions. The occurrence of irAEs after a single, low dose may limit translating the promising therapeutic results of cemiplimab for cancer to immunotherapeutic and latency reversal strategies for HIV. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03787095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Gay
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald J Bosch
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashley McKhann
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Raymond Cha
- Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Gene D Morse
- Center for Integrated Global Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Chanelle L Wimbish
- Department of Clinical Research, Social and Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Company, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Danielle M Campbell
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kendall F Moseley
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Steven Hendrickx
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michael Messer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Constance A Benson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Edgar T Overton
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- North America Medical Affairs, ViiV Healthcare, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne Paccaly
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Vladimir Jankovic
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Departments of Clinical Sciences, Translational Medicine and Precision Medicine, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Randall Tressler
- HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of AIDS, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathan Z Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel R Kuritzkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bernard J C Macatangay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph J Eron
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - W David Hardy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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6
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Mostaghim A, Minkove S, Aguilar-Company J, Ruiz-Camps I, Eremiev-Eremiev S, Dettorre GM, Fox L, Tondini C, Brunet J, Carmona-García MC, Lambertini M, Bower M, Newsom-Davis T, Sharkey R, Pria AD, Rossi M, Plaja A, Salazar R, Sureda A, Prat A, Michalarea V, Van Hemelrijck M, Sita-Lumsden A, Bertuzzi A, Rimassa L, Rossi S, Rizzo G, Pedrazzoli P, Lee AJ, Murphy C, Belessiotis K, Diamantis N, Mukherjee U, Pommeret F, Stoclin A, Martinez-Vila C, Bruna R, Gaidano G, D'Avanzo F, Gennari A, Athale J, Eichacker P, Pinato DJ, Torabi-Parizi P, Cortellini A. Previous immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with decreased COVID-19-related hospitalizations and complications in patients with cancer: Results of a propensity-matched analysis of the OnCovid registry. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 139:13-20. [PMID: 38029831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To date, studies have not provided definitive answers regarding whether previous immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment alters outcomes for cancer patients with COVID-19. METHODS The OnCovid registry (NCT04393974) was searched from February 27, 2020, to January 31, 2022, for patients who received systemic anti-cancer therapy in the 4 weeks before laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis. Propensity-score matching using country, vaccination status, primary tumor type, sex, age, comorbidity burden, tumor stage, and remission status investigated differences in predefined clinical outcomes comparing those who had or had not received ICIs. RESULTS Of 3523 patients screened, 137 ICI-only and 1378 non-ICI met inclusion criteria. Before matching, ICI patients were older, male, enrolled at centers in Italy, and had histories of smoking, thoracic cancers, advanced cancer stages, and active malignancies (P ≤0.02). After matching, there were 120 ICI and 322 non-ICI patients. ICI patients had no differences (odds ratio: 95% CI) in presenting COVID-19 symptoms (0.69: 0.37-1.28), receipt of COVID-specific therapy (0.88: 0.54-1.41), 14-day (0.95: 0.56-1.61), or 28-day (0.79: 0.48-1.29) mortalities. However, ICI patients required less COVID-19-related hospitalization (0.37: 0.21-0.67) and oxygen therapy (0.51: 0.31-0.83) and developed fewer complications (0.57: 0.36-0.92). CONCLUSION In this propensity-score matched analysis, previous ICI therapy did not worsen and potentially improved COVID-19 outcomes in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Mostaghim
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA; Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Samuel Minkove
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA
| | - Juan Aguilar-Company
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Camps
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Simeon Eremiev-Eremiev
- Medical Oncology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain; Infectious Diseases, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gino M Dettorre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA
| | - Laura Fox
- Department of Hematology, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Oncology Unit, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Joan Brunet
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - MCarmen Carmona-García
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, University Hospital Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | - Matteo Lambertini
- Medical Oncology Department, U.O. Clinica di Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (DiMI), School of Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Mark Bower
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Thomas Newsom-Davis
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Rachel Sharkey
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alessia Dalla Pria
- Department of Oncology and National Centre for HIV Malignancy, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, London, UK
| | - Maura Rossi
- Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera "SS Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo", Alessandria, Italy
| | - Andrea Plaja
- Medical Oncology Department, B-ARGO Group, IGTP, Catalan Institute of Oncology-Badalona, Spain
| | - Ramon Salazar
- Department of Medical Oncology, ICO L'Hospitalet, Oncobell Program (IDIBELL), CIBERONC, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Sureda
- Haematology Department, ICO Hospitalet, Hospitalet de Llobregat, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aleix Prat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain; Translational Genomics and Targeted Therapies in Solid Tumors, IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vasiliki Michalarea
- Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), London, UK
| | - Mieke Van Hemelrijck
- Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), London, UK; Translational Oncology and Urology Research (TOUR), School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ailsa Sita-Lumsden
- Medical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (GSTT), London, UK
| | - Alexia Bertuzzi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Rizzo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alvin Jx Lee
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Cian Murphy
- Cancer Division, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | - Uma Mukherjee
- Medical Oncology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fanny Pommeret
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Annabelle Stoclin
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Institut Gustave Roussy, University of Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Riccardo Bruna
- Division of Haematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale and Ospedale Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Gaidano
- Division of Haematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale and Ospedale Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | - Francesca D'Avanzo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Janhavi Athale
- Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, USA
| | - Peter Eichacker
- Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, USA
| | - David J Pinato
- Division of Oncology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center and National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Alessio Cortellini
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College of London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK; Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128, Roma, Italy.
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7
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Wang G, Wei W, Luo Q, Chen L, Bao X, Tao X, He X, Zhan B, Liang H, Jiang J, Ye L. The role and mechanisms of PD-L1 in immune evasion during Talaromyces marneffei infection. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111255. [PMID: 37984251 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Talaromycosis, caused by Talaromyces marneffei (T. marneffei), is a systemic fungal disease that involves dissemination throughout the body. The ability of T. marneffei to evade the immune system is considered a crucial factor in its persistent infection, although the specific mechanisms are not yet fully understood. This study aims to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence of latent T. marneffei infection and immune evasion. The gene expression profile analysis in T. marneffei-infected mouse revealed that Pd-l1 exhibited the highest correlation strength with other hub genes, with a median of 0.60 (IQR: 0.50-0.69). T. marneffei infection upregulated the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in PBMCs from HIV patients, which was also observed in the T. marneffei-infected mouse and macrophage models. Treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor significantly reduced fungal burden in the liver and spleen tissues of infected mice and in the kupffer-CTLL-2 co-culture system. PD-L1 inhibitor treatment increased CTLL-2 cell proliferation and downregulated the expression of PD-1, SHP-2, and p-SHP-2, indicating the activation of T cell viability and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Additionally, treatment with a PI3K inhibitor downregulated PD-L1 in T. marneffei-infected kupffer cells. Similar results were observed with treatment using the T. marneffei cell wall virulence factor β-glucan. Overall, T. marneffei infection upregulated PD-L1 expression in HIV / T. marneffei patients, mice, and kupffer cells. Treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor significantly reduced fungal burden, while activating T cell activity and proliferation, thereby promoting fungal clearance. Furthermore, the PI3K signaling pathway may be involved in the regulation of PD-L1 by T. marneffei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Institute of Oncology, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Wudi Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Qiang Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Lixiang Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiuli Bao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Tao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaotao He
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Baili Zhan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Hao Liang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Junjun Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China; Guangxi-ASEAN Collaborative Innovation Center for Major Disease Prevention and Treatment, Life Sciences Institute, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China.
| | - Li Ye
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of AIDS Prevention and Treatment, School of Public Health, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
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8
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Benito JM, Restrepo C, García-Foncillas J, Rallón N. Immune checkpoint inhibitors as potential therapy for reverting T-cell exhaustion and reverting HIV latency in people living with HIV. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1270881. [PMID: 38130714 PMCID: PMC10733458 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1270881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system of people living with HIV (PLWH) is persistently exposed to antigens leading to systemic inflammation despite combination antiretroviral treatment (cART). This inflammatory milieu promotes T-cell activation and exhaustion. Furthermore, it produces diminished effector functions including loss of cytokine production, cytotoxicity, and proliferation, leading to disease progression. Exhausted T cells show overexpression of immune checkpoint molecules (ICs) on the cell surface, including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain containing-3 (TIM-3), T-cell immunoglobulin and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif domain (TIGIT), and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3). The ICs also play a crucial role in T-cell exhaustion by reducing the immune response to cancer antigens. Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has changed the management of a diversity of cancers. Additionally, the interest in exploring this approach in the setting of HIV infection has increased, including AIDS-defining cancers and non-AIDS-defining cancers in PLWH. To date, research on this topic suggests that ICI-based therapies in PLWH could be a safe and effective approach. In this review, we provide an overview of the current literature on the potential role of ICI-based immunotherapy not only in cancer remission in PLWH but also as a therapeutic intervention to restore immune response against HIV, revert HIV latency, and attain a functional cure for HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Benito
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
| | | | - Jesús García-Foncillas
- Department of Oncology and Cancer Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Norma Rallón
- HIV and Viral Hepatitis Research Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, Spain
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9
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Papadakis M, Karniadakis I, Mazonakis N, Akinosoglou K, Tsioutis C, Spernovasilis N. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Infection: What Is the Interplay? In Vivo 2023; 37:2409-2420. [PMID: 37905657 PMCID: PMC10621463 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are receptors expressed on immune cells, especially T-cells, which activate immunosuppressive pathways and lead them to a state known as T-cell exhaustion. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a group of specific antibodies that target these molecules, restoring T-cell effector function. Several ICIs have already been approved by the FDA as therapeutic options for certain malignancies. However, evidence in the literature remains unclear regarding the possible risk of infection in patients receiving this treatment. A thorough examination of existing literature was carried out to investigate whether the use of ICIs increases the likelihood of specific infections and to explore the potential beneficial effects of ICIs on the treatment of infections. Our review found most infectious complications are related to immunosuppressive therapy for immune-related adverse events caused by checkpoint blockade. Current evidence shows that ICIs per se do not seem to generally increase the risk of infection, yet they might increase susceptibility to certain infections, such as tuberculosis. On the other hand, reinvigoration of immune responses triggered by ICIs might play a significant role in pathogen clearance, establishing a possible positive impact of ICIs, especially on chronic infectious diseases, such as HIV infection. Data from preclinical models are limited and larger clinical trials are warranted to shed more light on the effect of immune checkpoint blockade on specific pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Papadakis
- Third Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes Center, Agios Panteleimon General Hospital of Nikaia, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Ioannis Karniadakis
- Cardiff Transplant Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff and Vale University Health Board, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Nikolaos Mazonakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Thoracic Diseases General Hospital Sotiria, Athens, Greece
| | - Karolina Akinosoglou
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
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10
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Sabbatino F, Pagliano P, Sellitto C, Stefanelli B, Corbi G, Manzo V, De Bellis E, Liguori L, Salzano FA, Pepe S, Filippelli A, Conti V. Different Prognostic Role of Soluble PD-L1 in the Course of Severe and Non-Severe COVID-19. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6812. [PMID: 37959277 PMCID: PMC10649852 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12216812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the link between COVID-19 and patient immune characteristics is crucial. We previously demonstrated that high levels of the soluble Programmed Death-Ligand1 (sPD-L1) at the beginning of the infection correlated with low lymphocyte number and high C-reactive protein (CRP), longer length of stay (LOS), and death. This study investigated whether sPD-L1 can be a prognosis biomarker during COVID-19. Severe and non-severe COVID-19 patients were enrolled at the University Hospital of Salerno. During hospitalization, at admission, and after 12-14 days, patients' data were collected, and sPD-L1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The peripheral lymphocyte number negatively correlated with the time of negativization (p = 0.006), length of stay (LOS) (p = 0.032), and CRP (p = 0.004), while sPD-L1 positively correlated with LOS (p = 0.015). Patients with increased sPD-L1 and lymphocyte number showed a shorter LOS than those with decreased sPD-L1 and lymphocyte number (p = 0.038) and those with increased sPD-L1 and decreased lymphocyte number (p = 0.025). Moreover, patients with increased sPD-L1 and decreased CRP had a shorter LOS than those with increased sPD-L1 and CRP (p = 0.034) and those with decreased sPD-L1 and CRP (p = 0.048). In conclusion, while at an early phase of COVID-19, sPD-L1 promotes an immune escape, later, it might act to dampen an excessive immune response, proving its role in COVID-19 prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sabbatino
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Pasquale Pagliano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Infectious Disease Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Sellitto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Berenice Stefanelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Graziamaria Corbi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Valentina Manzo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela De Bellis
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
| | - Luigi Liguori
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesco Antonio Salzano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Otolaryngology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Pepe
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Oncology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi D’Aragona University Hospital, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Amelia Filippelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
| | - Valeria Conti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (F.S.); (P.P.); (C.S.); (B.S.); (V.M.); (E.D.B.); (F.A.S.); (S.P.); (A.F.); (V.C.)
- Clinical Pharmacology Unit, San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d’Aragona University Hospital, Via San Leonardo 1, 84131 Salerno, Italy
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11
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Blanch-Lombarte O, Ouchi D, Jimenez-Moyano E, Carabelli J, Marin MA, Peña R, Pelletier A, Talla A, Sharma A, Dalmau J, Santos JR, Sékaly RP, Clotet B, Prado JG. Selective loss of CD107a TIGIT+ memory HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells in PLWH over a decade of ART. eLife 2023; 12:e83737. [PMID: 37723971 PMCID: PMC10508883 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The co-expression of inhibitory receptors (IRs) is a hallmark of CD8+ T-cell exhaustion (Tex) in people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Understanding alterations of IRs expression in PLWH on long-term antiretroviral treatment (ART) remains elusive but is critical to overcoming CD8+ Tex and designing novel HIV-1 cure immunotherapies. To address this, we combine high-dimensional supervised and unsupervised analysis of IRs concomitant with functional markers across the CD8+ T-cell landscape on 24 PLWH over a decade on ART. We define irreversible alterations of IRs co-expression patterns in CD8+ T cells not mitigated by ART and identify negative associations between the frequency of TIGIT+ and TIGIT+ TIM-3+ and CD4+ T-cell levels. Moreover, changes in total, SEB-activated, and HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells delineate a complex reshaping of memory and effector-like cellular clusters on ART. Indeed, we identify a selective reduction of HIV-1 specific-CD8+ T-cell memory-like clusters sharing TIGIT expression and low CD107a that can be recovered by mAb TIGIT blockade independently of IFNγ and IL-2. Collectively, these data characterize with unprecedented detail the patterns of IRs expression and functions across the CD8+ T-cell landscape and indicate the potential of TIGIT as a target for Tex precision immunotherapies in PLWH at all ART stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Blanch-Lombarte
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del VallèsBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dan Ouchi
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | | | | | | | - Ruth Peña
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
| | - Adam Pelletier
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Aarthi Talla
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Pathology Department, Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandUnited States
| | | | - José Ramón Santos
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
| | | | - Bonaventura Clotet
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Lluita contra la SIDA Foundation, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBarcelonaSpain
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i PujolBadalonaSpain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Vic - Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC)CataloniaSpain
| | - Julia G Prado
- IrsiCaixa AIDS Research InstituteBarcelonaSpain
- Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP)BadalonaSpain
- CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
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12
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Sordo-Bahamonde C, Lorenzo-Herrero S, Granda-Díaz R, Martínez-Pérez A, Aguilar-García C, Rodrigo JP, García-Pedrero JM, Gonzalez S. Beyond the anti-PD-1/PD-L1 era: promising role of the BTLA/HVEM axis as a future target for cancer immunotherapy. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:142. [PMID: 37649037 PMCID: PMC10466776 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting immune checkpoints to harness antitumor immunity has revolutionized the cancer treatment landscape. The therapeutic success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB)-based therapies mainly relies on PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 blockade. However, the limited overall responses and lack of reliable predictive biomarkers of patient´s response are major pitfalls limiting immunotherapy success. Hence, this reflects the compelling need of unveiling novel targets for immunotherapy that allow to expand the spectrum of ICB-based strategies to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy and benefit for cancer patients. This review thoroughly dissects current molecular and functional knowledge of BTLA/HVEM axis and the future perspectives to become a target for cancer immunotherapy. BTLA/HVEM dysregulation is commonly found and linked to poor prognosis in solid and hematological malignancies. Moreover, circulating BTLA has been revealed as a blood-based predictive biomarker of immunotherapy response in various cancers. On this basis, BTLA/HVEM axis emerges as a novel promising target for cancer immunotherapy. This prompted rapid development and clinical testing of the anti-BTLA blocking antibody Tifcemalimab/icatolimab as the first BTLA-targeted therapy in various ongoing phase I clinical trials with encouraging results on preliminary efficacy and safety profile as monotherapy and combined with other anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that the intricate signaling network constituted by BTLA/HVEM/CD160/LIGHT involved in immune response regulation, tumor development and tumor microenvironment could limit therapeutic success. Therefore, in-depth functional characterization in different cancer settings is highly recommended for adequate design and implementation of BTLA-targeted therapies to guarantee the best clinical outcomes to benefit cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Sordo-Bahamonde
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Seila Lorenzo-Herrero
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rocío Granda-Díaz
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Candelaria Aguilar-García
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan P Rodrigo
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juana M García-Pedrero
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Segundo Gonzalez
- Department of Functional Biology, Immunology, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias (IUOPA), Oviedo, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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13
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Zhu Y, Jiang Z, Liu L, Yang X, Li M, Cheng Y, Xu J, Yin C, Zhu H. Scopoletin Reactivates Latent HIV-1 by Inducing NF-κB Expression without Global T Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12649. [PMID: 37628826 PMCID: PMC10454185 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversing HIV-1 latency promotes the killing of infected cells and is essential for cure strategies. However, current latency-reversing agents (LRAs) are not entirely effective and safe in activating latent viruses in patients. In this study, we investigated whether Scopoletin (6-Methoxy-7-hydroxycoumarin), an important coumarin phytoalexin found in plants with multiple pharmacological activities, can reactivate HIV-1 latency and elucidated its underlying mechanism. Using the Jurkat T cell model of HIV-1 latency, we found that Scopoletin can reactivate latent HIV-1 replication with a similar potency to Prostratin and did so in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Moreover, we provide evidence indicating that Scopoletin-induced HIV-1 reactivation involves the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Importantly, Scopoletin did not have a stimulatory effect on T lymphocyte receptors or HIV-1 receptors. In conclusion, our study suggests that Scopoletin has the potential to reactivate latent HIV-1 without causing global T-cell activation, making it a promising treatment option for anti-HIV-1 latency strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Zhengtao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Xinyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Yipeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China;
| | - Chunhua Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
| | - Huanzhang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Engineering Research Center of Gene Technology, Ministry of Education, Institute of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.J.); (L.L.); (X.Y.); (M.L.); (Y.C.); (C.Y.)
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14
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Chvatal-Medina M, Lopez-Guzman C, Diaz FJ, Gallego S, Rugeles MT, Taborda NA. Molecular mechanisms by which the HIV-1 latent reservoir is established and therapeutic strategies for its elimination. Arch Virol 2023; 168:218. [PMID: 37530901 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir, composed of cells harboring the latent, integrated virus, is not eliminated by antiretroviral therapy. It therefore represents a significant barrier to curing the infection. The biology of HIV-1 reservoirs, the mechanisms of their persistence, and effective strategies for their eradication are not entirely understood. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which HIV-1 reservoirs develop, the cells and compartments where the latent virus resides, and advancements in curative therapeutic strategies. We first introduce statistics and relevant data on HIV-1 infection, aspects of pathogenesis, the role of antiretroviral therapy, and the general features of the latent HIV reservoir. Then, the article is built on three main pillars: The molecular mechanisms related to latency, the different strategies for targeting the reservoir to obtain a cure, and the current progress in immunotherapy to counteract said reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Chvatal-Medina
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Carolina Lopez-Guzman
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Francisco J Diaz
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Salomon Gallego
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Maria T Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia A Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia.
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellín, Colombia.
- Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Campus Medellin, Envigado, Colombia.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent studies reporting the induction of vaccinal effects by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) antibody therapy. It also puts into perspective preclinical studies that have identified mechanisms involved in the immunomodulatory properties of antiviral antibodies. Finally, it discusses potential therapeutic interventions to enhance host adaptive immune responses in people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies in promising clinical trials have shown that, in addition to controlling viremia, anti-HIV-1 bNAbs are able to enhance the host's humoral and cellular immune response. Such vaccinal effects, in particular the induction of HIV-1-specific CD8 + T-cell responses, have been observed upon treatment with two potent bNAbs (3BNC117 and 10-1074) alone or in combination with latency-reversing agents (LRA). While these studies reinforce the idea that bNAbs can induce protective immunity, the induction of vaccinal effects is not systematic and might depend on both the virological status of the patient as well as the therapeutic strategy chosen. SUMMARY HIV-1 bNAbs can enhance adaptive host immune responses in PLWH. The challenge now is to exploit these immunomodulatory properties to design optimized therapeutic interventions to promote and enhance the induction of protective immunity against HIV-1 infection during bNAbs therapy.
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16
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Schou MD, Søgaard OS, Rasmussen TA. Clinical trials aimed at HIV cure or remission: new pathways and lessons learned. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1227-1243. [PMID: 37856845 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2273919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The main barrier to finding a cure against HIV is the latent HIV reservoir, which persists in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite antiretroviral treatment (ART). Here, we discuss recent findings from interventional studies using mono- and combination therapies aimed at enhancing immune-mediated killing of the virus with or without activating HIV from latency. AREAS COVERED We discuss latency reversal agents (LRAs), broadly neutralizing antibodies, immunomodulatory therapies, and studies aimed at inducing apoptosis. EXPERT OPINION The landscape of clinical trials for HIV cure and remission has evolved considerably over the past 10 years. Several novel interventions such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, therapeutic vaccines, and broadly neutralizing antibodies have been tested either alone or in combination with LRAs but studies have so far not shown a meaningful impact on the frequency of latently infected cells. Immunomodulatory therapies could work differently in the setting of antigen expression, that is, during active viremia, and timing of interventions could therefore, be key to future therapeutic success. Lessons learned from clinical trials aimed at HIV cure indicate that while we are still far from reaching a complete eradication cure of HIV, clinical interventions capable of inducing enhanced control of HIV replication in the absence of ART might be a more feasible goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Dyveke Schou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ole Schmeltz Søgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Thomas Aagaard Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Arenas VR, Rugeles MT, Perdomo-Celis F, Taborda N. Recent advances in CD8 + T cell-based immune therapies for HIV cure. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17481. [PMID: 37441388 PMCID: PMC10333625 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Achieving a cure for HIV infection is a global priority. There is substantial evidence supporting a central role for CD8+ T cells in the natural control of HIV, suggesting the rationale that these cells may be exploited to achieve remission or cure of this infection. In this work, we review the major challenges for achieving an HIV cure, the models of HIV remission, and the mechanisms of HIV control mediated by CD8+ T cells. In addition, we discuss strategies based on this cell population that could be used in the search for an HIV cure. Finally, we analyze the current challenges and perspectives to translate this basic knowledge toward scalable HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María T. Rugeles
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | | | - Natalia Taborda
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Grupo de Investigaciones Biomédicas Uniremington, Programa de Medicina, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Corporación Universitaria Remington, Medellin, Colombia
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18
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Boumaza X, Bonneau B, Roos-Weil D, Pinnetti C, Rauer S, Nitsch L, Del Bello A, Jelcic I, Sühs KW, Gasnault J, Goreci Y, Grauer O, Gnanapavan S, Wicklein R, Lambert N, Perpoint T, Beudel M, Clifford D, Sommet A, Cortese I, Martin-Blondel G. Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Treated by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Ann Neurol 2023; 93:257-270. [PMID: 36151879 PMCID: PMC10092874 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the real-world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors for treatment of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). METHODS We conducted a multicenter survey compiling retrospective data from 79 PML patients, including 38 published cases and 41 unpublished cases, who received immune checkpoint inhibitors as add-on to standard of care. One-year follow-up data were analyzed to determine clinical outcomes and safety profile. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with 1-year survival. RESULTS Predisposing conditions included hematological malignancy (n = 38, 48.1%), primary immunodeficiency (n = 14, 17.7%), human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (n = 12, 15.2%), inflammatory disease (n = 8, 10.1%), neoplasm (n = 5, 6.3%), and transplantation (n = 2, 2.5%). Pembrolizumab was most commonly used (n = 53, 67.1%). One-year survival was 51.9% (41/79). PML-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) was reported in 15 of 79 patients (19%). Pretreatment expression of programmed cell death-1 on circulating T cells did not differ between survivors and nonsurvivors. Development of contrast enhancement on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging at least once during follow-up (OR = 3.16, 95% confidence interval = 1.20-8.72, p = 0.02) was associated with 1-year survival. Cerebrospinal fluid JC polyomavirus DNA load decreased significantly by 1-month follow-up in survivors compared to nonsurvivors (p < 0.0001). Thirty-two adverse events occurred among 24 of 79 patients (30.4%), and led to treatment discontinuation in 7 of 24 patients (29.1%). INTERPRETATION In this noncontrolled retrospective study of patients with PML who were treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, mortality remains high. Development of inflammatory features or overt PML-IRIS was commonly observed. This study highlights that use of immune checkpoint inhibitors should be strictly personalized toward characteristics of the individual PML patient. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:257-270.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Boumaza
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Baptiste Bonneau
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Damien Roos-Weil
- Department of Hematology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Carmela Pinnetti
- HIV/AIDS Clinical Unit, National Institute for Infectious Disease "L. Spallanzani", Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastian Rauer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Louisa Nitsch
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Arnaud Del Bello
- Department of Nephrology and Organ Transplantation, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France
| | - Ilijas Jelcic
- Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kurt-Wolfram Sühs
- Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neurochemistry, Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jacques Gasnault
- Unit of Rehabilitation of Neuroviral Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital, APHP, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,INSERM U1186, Paul Brousse Hospital, Paris Saclay University, Villejuif, France
| | - Yasemin Goreci
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Grauer
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sharmilee Gnanapavan
- Department of Neurology, Barts Health NHS Trust and Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Wicklein
- Department of Neurology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicolas Lambert
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thomas Perpoint
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Martijn Beudel
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - David Clifford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Agnès Sommet
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Irene Cortese
- Experimental Immunotherapeutics Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), INSERM UMR1291, CNRS UMR5051, Toulouse III University, Toulouse, France.,European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Study Group on Infections of the Brain (ESGIB), Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Ex Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway Improves Recall IFNγ Responses of HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020211. [PMID: 36851089 PMCID: PMC9965969 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune exhaustion persists in HIV infection and limits T cell responses to HIV or other pathogens. Moreover, HIV infection results in the loss of pre-existing immunity. Here, we investigated the effect of blocking the PD-1 pathway on recall IFNγ responses to tetanus toxoid (TT) and measles virus (MV) antigens in HIV-infected persons on ART with prior TT and MV immunity. The ex vivo treatment of lymphocytes with anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 antibodies significantly increased TT- and MV-specific IFNγ responses. The responses to TT and MV antigens alone or in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway positively correlated with CD4 T cell levels. Furthermore, T cell PD-1 expression levels inversely correlated with recall IFNγ responses in combination with antibodies blocking the PD-1 pathway but not with IFNγ responses to antigens only. Our study suggested that targeting the PD-1 pathway may boost vaccine-induced pre-existing immunity in HIV-infected persons on ART depending on the degree of immune exhaustion.
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20
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Chan YT, Cheong HC, Tang TF, Rajasuriar R, Cheng KK, Looi CY, Wong WF, Kamarulzaman A. Immune Checkpoint Molecules and Glucose Metabolism in HIV-Induced T Cell Exhaustion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:0. [PMID: 36359329 PMCID: PMC9687279 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progressive decline of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients due to infection-triggered cell exhaustion and cell death is significantly correlated with disease severity and progression into the life-threatening acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) stage. T cell exhaustion is a condition of cell dysfunction despite antigen engagement, characterized by augmented surface expression of immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), which suppress T cell receptor (TCR) signaling and negatively impact the proliferative and effector activities of T cells. T cell function is tightly modulated by cellular glucose metabolism, which produces adequate energy to support a robust reaction when battling pathogen infection. The transition of the T cells from an active to an exhausted state following pathogen persistence involves a drastic change in metabolic activity. This review highlights the interplay between immune checkpoint molecules and glucose metabolism that contributes to T cell exhaustion in the context of chronic HIV infection, which could deliver an insight into the rational design of a novel therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yee Teng Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Heng Choon Cheong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Ting Fang Tang
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Reena Rajasuriar
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.R.); (A.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Kian-Kai Cheng
- Innovation Centre in Agritechnology (ICA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Pagoh 84600, Malaysia;
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- School of Bioscience, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia;
| | - Won Fen Wong
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (Y.T.C.); (H.C.C.); (T.F.T.)
| | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (R.R.); (A.K.)
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
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21
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Warren SI, Charville GW, Manasherob R, Amanatullah DF. Immune checkpoint upregulation in periprosthetic joint infection. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2663-2669. [PMID: 35124851 PMCID: PMC9352818 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) induce an immunosuppressive cytokine profile through an unknown mechanism. Immune checkpoints, like programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1), initiate innate immunosuppressive pathways essential for self-tolerance. Several malignancies and chronic infections co-opt these pathways to derive a survival advantage. This study evaluates PD-1/PD-L1 expression in periprosthetic tissue from patients undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty for a PJI versus an aseptic failure. PD-1/PD-L1 in the global tissue sample and the high-power microscopic field of maximum expression was analyzed prospectively using immunohistochemistry. Fifteen patients with a PJI (45%) and 16 patients with an aseptic failure (52%) were included. PD-1 expression was uniformly low. Maximum PD-L1 expression was upregulated in patients with a PJI (25%, interquartile range [IQR]: 5%-75%) versus an aseptic failure, (8%, IQR: 1%-48%, p = 0.039). In the PJI cohort, maximum PD-L1 expression was higher among patients who developed a recurrent PJI (68%, IQR: 53%-86% vs. 15%, IQR: 5%-70%, p = 0.039). Patients with global PD-L1 over 5% trended toward a near 22-fold increase in the odds of reinfection (odds ratio [OR]: 21.9, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-523.5, p = 0.057) and patients with maximum PD-L1 over 20% trended toward a 15-fold increase in the odds of reinfection (OR: 15.0, 95% CI: 0.6-348.9, p = 0.092). These results support immune checkpoint upregulation as a mechanism of PJI-induced local immune dysfunction. Future studies should confirm PD-L1 as a risk factor for reinfection in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shay I. Warren
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Robert Manasherob
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Derek F. Amanatullah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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22
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Fardoos R, Nyquist SK, Asowata OE, Kazer SW, Singh A, Ngoepe A, Giandhari J, Mthabela N, Ramjit D, Singh S, Karim F, Buus S, Anderson F, Porterfield JZ, Sibiya AL, Bipath R, Moodley K, Kuhn W, Berger B, Nguyen S, de Oliveira T, Ndung’u T, Goulder P, Shalek AK, Leslie A, Kløverpris HN. HIV specific CD8 + T RM-like cells in tonsils express exhaustive signatures in the absence of natural HIV control. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912038. [PMID: 36330531 PMCID: PMC9623418 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissues are an important HIV reservoir site that persists in the face of antiretroviral therapy and natural immunity. Targeting these reservoirs by harnessing the antiviral activity of local tissue-resident memory (TRM) CD8+ T-cells is of great interest, but limited data exist on TRM-like cells within lymph nodes of people living with HIV (PLWH). Here, we studied tonsil CD8+ T-cells obtained from PLWH and uninfected controls from South Africa. We show that these cells are preferentially located outside the germinal centers (GCs), the main reservoir site for HIV, and display a low cytolytic and a transcriptionally TRM-like profile distinct from blood CD8+ T-cells. In PLWH, CD8+ TRM-like cells are expanded and adopt a more cytolytic, activated, and exhausted phenotype not reversed by antiretroviral therapy (ART). This phenotype was enhanced in HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells from tonsils compared to matched blood suggesting a higher antigen burden in tonsils. Single-cell transcriptional and clonotype resolution showed that these HIV-specific CD8+ T-cells in the tonsils express heterogeneous signatures of T-cell activation, clonal expansion, and exhaustion ex-vivo. Interestingly, this signature was absent in a natural HIV controller, who expressed lower PD-1 and CXCR5 levels and reduced transcriptional evidence of T-cell activation, exhaustion, and cytolytic activity. These data provide important insights into lymphoid tissue-derived HIV-specific CD8+ TRM-like phenotypes in settings of HIV remission and highlight their potential for immunotherapy and targeting of the HIV reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabiah Fardoos
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sarah K. Nyquist
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Samuel W. Kazer
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alveera Singh
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Abigail Ngoepe
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Jennifer Giandhari
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Dirhona Ramjit
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Samita Singh
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Farina Karim
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
| | - Søren Buus
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frank Anderson
- Discipline of General Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - J. Zachary Porterfield
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andile L. Sibiya
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Rishan Bipath
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, King Edward VIII hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kumeshan Moodley
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, General Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital (Stanger Hospital), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Warren Kuhn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head & Neck Surgery, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Ear Nose and Throat, General Justice Gizenga Mpanza Regional Hospital (Stanger Hospital), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Bonnie Berger
- Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Lab and Department of Mathematics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Son Nguyen
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Tulio de Oliveira
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Thumbi Ndung’u
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- University College London, Division of Infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Goulder
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alex K. Shalek
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- University College London, Division of Infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute (AHRI), Durban, South Africa
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- University College London, Division of Infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Tsiakos K, Gavrielatou N, Vathiotis IA, Chatzis L, Chatzis S, Poulakou G, Kotteas E, Syrigos NK. Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Axis Inhibition in Viral Infections: Clinical Data and Therapeutic Opportunities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10101673. [PMID: 36298538 PMCID: PMC9611078 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10101673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A vital function of the immune system is the modulation of an evolving immune response. It is responsible for guarding against a wide variety of pathogens as well as the establishment of memory responses to some future hostile encounters. Simultaneously, it maintains self-tolerance and minimizes collateral tissue damage at sites of inflammation. In recent years, the regulation of T-cell responses to foreign or self-protein antigens and maintenance of balance between T-cell subsets have been linked to a distinct class of cell surface and extracellular components, the immune checkpoint molecules. The fact that both cancer and viral infections exploit similar, if not the same, immune checkpoint molecules to escape the host immune response highlights the need to study the impact of immune checkpoint blockade on viral infections. More importantly, the process through which immune checkpoint blockade completely changed the way we approach cancer could be the key to decipher the potential role of immunotherapy in the therapeutic algorithm of viral infections. This review focuses on the effect of programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 blockade on the outcome of viral infections in cancer patients as well as the potential benefit from the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in treatment of viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsiakos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Ioannis A. Vathiotis
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Pathophysiology Department, Athens School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Stamatios Chatzis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Hippokration” Hospital, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Garyfallia Poulakou
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Elias Kotteas
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos K. Syrigos
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 157 72 Athens, Greece
- Dana-Farber Brigham Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Marrella V, Facoetti A, Cassani B. Cellular Senescence in Immunity against Infections. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911845. [PMID: 36233146 PMCID: PMC9570409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest in response to different triggers and an inflammatory secretome. Although originally described in fibroblasts and cell types of solid organs, cellular senescence affects most tissues with advancing age, including the lymphoid tissue, causing chronic inflammation and dysregulation of both innate and adaptive immune functions. Besides its normal occurrence, persistent microbial challenge or pathogenic microorganisms might also accelerate the activation of cellular aging, inducing the premature senescence of immune cells. Therapeutic strategies counteracting the detrimental effects of cellular senescence are being developed. Their application to target immune cells might have the potential to improve immune dysfunctions during aging and reduce the age-dependent susceptibility to infections. In this review, we discuss how immune senescence influences the host’s ability to resolve more common infections in the elderly and detail the different markers proposed to identify such senescent cells; the mechanisms by which infectious agents increase the extent of immune senescence are also reviewed. Finally, available senescence therapeutics are discussed in the context of their effects on immunity and against infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Marrella
- UOS Milan Unit, Istituto di Ricerca Genetica e Biomedica (IRGB), CNR, 20138 Milan, Italy
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Amanda Facoetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Cassani
- IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Aguilar-Company J, Lopez-Olivo MA, Ruiz-Camps I. Multidisciplinary approach to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with HIV, tuberculosis, or underlying autoimmune diseases. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:875910. [PMID: 35911382 PMCID: PMC9334667 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.875910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We reviewed the available information on the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in populations with special conditions, namely, patients with HIV, tuberculosis, or underlying autoimmune disease. Available data show that treatment with ICIs is safe in patients with HIV; it is advisable, however, that these patients receive adequate antiretroviral therapy and have an undetectable viral load before ICIs are initiated. Tuberculosis reactivation has been reported with the use of ICIs, possibly due to immune dysregulation. Tuberculosis has also been associated with the use of immunosuppressors to treat immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Active tuberculosis must be ruled out in patients with symptoms or signs, and selected patients may benefit from screening for latent tuberculosis infection, although more data are required. Limited data exist regarding the safety of ICIs in patients with cancer and autoimmune disease. Data from observational studies suggest that up to 29% of patients with a preexisting autoimmune disease treated with an ICI present with an autoimmune disease flare, and 30% present with a de novo irAE of any type. The frequency of flares appears to differ according to the type of ICI received, with higher rates associated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. The most common autoimmune diseases for which patients reported flares with ICI therapy are rheumatoid arthritis, other inflammatory arthritis, and psoriasis. Most studies have reported flares or de novo irAEs associated with ICIs that were mild to moderate, with low rates of discontinuation and no deaths due to flares. Therefore, the use of ICIs in these patients is possible, but careful monitoring is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Aguilar-Company
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain,Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria A. Lopez-Olivo
- Department of Health Services Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Maria A. Lopez-Olivo
| | - Isabel Ruiz-Camps
- Infectious Diseases Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain,Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain,Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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26
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Serris A, Ouedrani A, Uhel F, Gazzano M, Bedarida V, Rouzaud C, Bougnoux ME, Raphalen JH, Poirée S, Lambotte O, Martin-Blondel G, Lanternier F. Case Report: Immune Checkpoint Blockade Plus Interferon-Γ Add-On Antifungal Therapy in the Treatment of Refractory Covid-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Cerebral Mucormycosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:900522. [PMID: 35720319 PMCID: PMC9199385 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.900522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal diseases (IFD) still cause substantial morbidity and mortality, and new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed. Recent data suggest a benefit of checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). We report the case of a diabetic patient with refractory IFD following a SARSCoV-2 infection treated by ICI and interferon-gamma associated with antifungal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Serris
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Amani Ouedrani
- Immunology Laboratory, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Immunoregulation and Immunopathology, Département Immunologie UMR_S1151 UMR8253 Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Uhel
- Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Colombes, France
| | - Marianne Gazzano
- Department of Immunologie, Hôpitaux universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Bedarida
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Claire Rouzaud
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux
- Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Herlé Raphalen
- Intensive Care Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Poirée
- Department of Adult radiology, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Service de Médecine Interne Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Bicêtre, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France.,Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial diseases (IDMIT/IMVA-HB), UMR1184, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, CEA, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Guillaume Martin-Blondel
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, CHU de Toulouse, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France.,Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity) INSERM UMR1291 - CNRS UMR5051 - Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique -Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, France.,Molecular Mycology Unit, National Reference Centre for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, UMR 2000, Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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Choudhary MC, Cyktor JC, Riddler SA. Advances in HIV-1-specific chimeric antigen receptor cells to target the HIV-1 reservoir. J Virus Erad 2022; 8:100073. [PMID: 35784676 PMCID: PMC9241028 DOI: 10.1016/j.jve.2022.100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-1 has dramatically improved outcomes for people living with HIV-1 but requires life-long adherence and can be associated with short and long-term toxicity. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical investigations are underway to develop therapies for immune control of HIV-1 in the absence of ART. The success of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) cell therapy for hematological malignancy has renewed efforts to develop and investigate CAR cells as strategies to enhance HIV-1 immunity, enable virus control or elimination, and allow ART-free HIV-1 remission. Here, we review the improvements in anti-HIV-1 CAR cell therapy in the two decades since their initial clinical trials were conducted, describe the additional engineering required to protect CAR cells from HIV-1 infection, and preview the current landscape of CAR cell therapies advancing to HIV-1 clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu C. Choudhary
- Corresponding author. Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Suite 510, 3601 5Th Ave., Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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28
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Rahman MM, Behl T, Islam MR, Alam MN, Islam MM, Albarrati A, Albratty M, Meraya AM, Bungau SG. Emerging Management Approach for the Adverse Events of Immunotherapy of Cancer. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123798. [PMID: 35744922 PMCID: PMC9227460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy, which stimulates the body’s immune system, has received a considerable amount of press in recent years because of its powerful benefits. Cancer immunotherapy has shown long-term results in patients with advanced disease that are not seen with traditional chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, cytokines like interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (IFN), and the cancer vaccine sipuleucel-T have all been licensed and approved by the FDA for the treatment of various cancers. These immunotherapy treatments boost anticancer responses by stimulating the immune system. As a result, they have the potential to cause serious, even fatal, inflammatory and immune-related side effects in one or more organs. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy are two immunotherapy treatments that are increasingly being used to treat cancer. Following their widespread usage in the clinic, a wave of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) impacting virtually every system has raised concerns about their unpredictability and randomness. Despite the fact that the majority of adverse effects are minimal and should be addressed with prudence, the risk of life-threatening complications exists. Although most adverse events are small and should be treated with caution, the risk of life-threatening toxicities should not be underestimated, especially given the subtle and unusual indications that make early detection even more difficult. Treatment for these issues is difficult and necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving not only oncologists but also other internal medicine doctors to guarantee quick diagnosis and treatment. This study’s purpose is to give a fundamental overview of immunotherapy and cancer-related side effect management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.N.A.); (M.M.I.)
| | - Tapan Behl
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
| | - Md. Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.N.A.); (M.M.I.)
| | - Md. Noor Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.N.A.); (M.M.I.)
| | - Md. Mohaimenul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.N.A.); (M.M.I.)
| | - Ali Albarrati
- Rehabilitation Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Albratty
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemsitry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulkarim M. Meraya
- Practice Research Unit, Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45124, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Simona Gabriela Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (S.G.B.)
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Insights into the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Strategies to Cure HIV-1 Infection. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6952286. [PMID: 35664434 PMCID: PMC9157282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6952286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, the targeted treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART), has effectively limited the detected plasma viremia below a very low level and the technique has been improved rapidly. However, due to the persistence of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 in patients treated with ART, a sudden withdrawal of the drug inevitably results in HIV viral rebound and HIV progression. Therefore, more understanding of the HIV-1 latent reservoir (LR) is the priority before developing a cure that thoroughly eliminates the reservoir. HIV-1 spreads through both the release of cell-free particles and by cell-to-cell transmission. Mounting evidence indicates that cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than cell-free transmission of particles and likely influences the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. This mode of viral transmission also influences the generation and maintenance of the latent reservoir, which represents the main obstacle for curing the infection. In this review, the definition, establishment, and maintenance of the HIV-1 LR, along with the state-of-the-art quantitative approaches that directly quantify HIV-1 intact proviruses, are elucidated. Strategies to cure HIV infection are highlighted. This review will renew hope for a better and more thorough cure of HIV infection for mankind and encourage more clinical trials to achieve ART-free HIV remission.
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30
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Debnath SK, Debnath M, Srivastava R, Omri A. Drugs repurposing for SARS-CoV-2: new insight of COVID-19 druggability. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1187-1204. [PMID: 35615888 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2082944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ongoing epidemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) creates a massive panic worldwide due to the absence of effective medicines. Developing a new drug or vaccine is time-consuming to pass safety and efficacy testing. Therefore, repurposing drugs have been introduced to treat COVID-19 until effective drugs are developed. AREA COVERED A detailed search of repurposing drugs against SARS-CoV-2 was carried out using the PubMed database, focusing on articles published 2020 years onward. A different class of drugs has been described in this article to target hosts and viruses. Based on the previous pandemic experience of SARS-CoV and MERS, several antiviral and antimalarial drugs are discussed here. This review covers the failure of some repurposed drugs that showed promising activity in the earlier CoV-pandemic but were found ineffective against SARS-CoV-2. All these discussions demand a successful drug development strategy for screening and identifying an effective drug for better management of COVID-19. The drug development strategies described here will serve a new scope of research for academicians and researchers. EXPERT OPINION Repurposed drugs have been used since COVID-19 to eradicate disease propagation. Drugs found effective for MERS and SARS may not be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Drug libraries and artificial intelligence are helpful tools to screen and identify different molecules targeting viruses or hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Kumar Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Monalisha Debnath
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Rohit Srivastava
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Abdelwahab Omri
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Novel Drug & Vaccine Delivery Systems Facility, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
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31
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Macatangay BJC, Landay AL, Garcia F, Rinaldo CR. Editorial: Advances in T Cell Therapeutic Vaccines for HIV. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905836. [PMID: 35572584 PMCID: PMC9094404 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard J C Macatangay
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Alan L Landay
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rush Medical College, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Felipe Garcia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Clinic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Charles R Rinaldo
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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Ta TM, Malik S, Anderson EM, Jones AD, Perchik J, Freylikh M, Sardo L, Klase ZA, Izumi T. Insights Into Persistent HIV-1 Infection and Functional Cure: Novel Capabilities and Strategies. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:862270. [PMID: 35572626 PMCID: PMC9093714 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.862270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although HIV-1 replication can be efficiently suppressed to undetectable levels in peripheral blood by combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), lifelong medication is still required in people living with HIV (PLWH). Life expectancies have been extended by cART, but age-related comorbidities have increased which are associated with heavy physiological and economic burdens on PLWH. The obstacle to a functional HIV cure can be ascribed to the formation of latent reservoir establishment at the time of acute infection that persists during cART. Recent studies suggest that some HIV reservoirs are established in the early acute stages of HIV infection within multiple immune cells that are gradually shaped by various host and viral mechanisms and may undergo clonal expansion. Early cART initiation has been shown to reduce the reservoir size in HIV-infected individuals. Memory CD4+ T cell subsets are regarded as the predominant cellular compartment of the HIV reservoir, but monocytes and derivative macrophages or dendritic cells also play a role in the persistent virus infection. HIV latency is regulated at multiple molecular levels in transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Epigenetic regulation of the proviral promoter can profoundly regulate the viral transcription. In addition, transcriptional elongation, RNA splicing, and nuclear export pathways are also involved in maintaining HIV latency. Although most proviruses contain large internal deletions, some defective proviruses may induce immune activation by expressing viral proteins or producing replication-defective viral-like particles. In this review article, we discuss the state of the art on mechanisms of virus persistence in the periphery and tissue and summarize interdisciplinary approaches toward a functional HIV cure, including novel capabilities and strategies to measure and eliminate the infected reservoirs and induce immune control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram M. Ta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sajjaf Malik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Elizabeth M. Anderson
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health, Region 3, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Amber D. Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jocelyn Perchik
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Maryann Freylikh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Luca Sardo
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, United States
| | - Zackary A. Klase
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States,Center for Neuroimmunology and CNS Therapeutics, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Drexel University of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Taisuke Izumi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Misher College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States,*Correspondence: Taisuke Izumi,
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Minkove SJ, Sun J, Li Y, Cui X, Cooper D, Eichacker PQ, Torabi-Parizi P. Comprehensive adjusted outcome data are needed to assess the impact of immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients with COVID-19: Results of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2352. [PMID: 35416370 PMCID: PMC9111045 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Determining how prior immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy influences outcomes in cancer patients presenting with COVID‐19 is essential for patient management but must account for confounding variables. Methods We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies reporting adjusted effects of ICIs on survival, severe events, or hospitalisation in cancer patients with COVID‐19 based on variables including age, gender, diabetes mellitus, hypertension (HTN), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and other comorbidities. When adjusted effects were unavailable, unadjusted data were analysed. Results Of 42 observational studies (38 retrospective), 7 reported adjusted outcomes for ICIs and 2 provided sufficient individual patient data to calculate adjusted outcomes. In eight studies, adjusted outcomes were based on ≤7 variables. Over all studies, only one included >100 ICI patients while 26 included <10. ICIs did not alter the odds ratio (95%CI) (OR) of death significantly (random effects model), across adjusted (n = 8) [1.31 (0.58–2.95) p = 0.46; I2 = 42%, p = 0.10], unadjusted (n = 30) [1.06 (0.85–1.32) p = 0.58; I2 = 0%, p = 0.76] or combined [1.09 (0.88;1.36) p = 0.41; I2 = 0%, p = 0.5)] studies. Similarly, ICIs did not alter severe events significantly across adjusted (n = 5) [1.20 (0.30–4.74) p = 0.73; I2 = 52%, p = 0.08], unadjusted (n = 19) [(1.23 (0.87–1.75) p = 0.23; I2 = 16%, p = 0.26] or combined [1.26 (0.90–1.77) p = 0.16; I2 = 25%, p = 0.14] studies. Two studies provided adjusted hospitalisation data and when combined with 13 unadjusted studies, ICIs did not alter hospitalisation significantly [1.19 (0.85–1.68) p = 029; I2 = 5%, p = 0.40]. Results of sensitivity analyses examining ICI effects based on 5 variables were inconclusive. Certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusions Across studies with adjusted and unadjusted results, ICIs did not alter outcomes significantly. But studies with comprehensive adjusted outcome data controlling for confounding variables are necessary to determine whether ICIs impact COVID‐19 outcomes in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Minkove
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Xizhong Cui
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Diane Cooper
- NIH Library, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter Q Eichacker
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Parizad Torabi-Parizi
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Baron M, Soulié C, Lavolé A, Assoumou L, Abbar B, Fouquet B, Rousseau A, Veyri M, Samri A, Makinson A, Choquet S, Mazières J, Brosseau S, Autran B, Costagliola D, Katlama C, Cadranel J, Marcelin AG, Lambotte O, Spano JP, Guihot A. Impact of Anti PD-1 Immunotherapy on HIV Reservoir and Anti-Viral Immune Responses in People Living with HIV and Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:cells11061015. [PMID: 35326466 PMCID: PMC8946896 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of immune checkpoints (ICPs) in both anti-HIV T cell exhaustion and HIV reservoir persistence, has suggested that an HIV cure therapeutic strategy could involve ICP blockade. We studied the impact of anti-PD-1 therapy on HIV reservoirs and anti-viral immune responses in people living with HIV and treated for cancer. At several timepoints, we monitored CD4 cell counts, plasma HIV-RNA, cell associated (CA) HIV-DNA, EBV, CMV, HBV, HCV, and HHV-8 viral loads, activation markers, ICP expression and virus-specific T cells. Thirty-two patients were included, with median follow-up of 5 months. The CA HIV-DNA tended to decrease before cycle 2 (p = 0.049). Six patients exhibited a ≥0.5 log10 HIV-DNA decrease at least once. Among those, HIV-DNA became undetectable for 10 months in one patient. Overall, no significant increase in HIV-specific immunity was observed. In contrast, we detected an early increase in CTLA-4 + CD4+ T cells in all patients (p = 0.004) and a greater increase in CTLA-4+ and TIM-3 + CD8+ T cells in patients without HIV-DNA reduction compared to the others (p ≤ 0.03). Our results suggest that ICP replacement compensatory mechanisms might limit the impact of anti-PD-1 monotherapy on HIV reservoirs, and pave the way for combination ICP blockade in HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Baron
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Cathia Soulié
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.S.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Armelle Lavolé
- GRC #04 Theranoscan, Département de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, F-75020 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Lambert Assoumou
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Baptiste Abbar
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Baptiste Fouquet
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alice Rousseau
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Marianne Veyri
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Assia Samri
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Alain Makinson
- INSERM U1175, Département de Maladies Infectieuses, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, F-34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sylvain Choquet
- Département d’Hématologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Julien Mazières
- Département de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, F-31000 Toulouse, France;
| | - Solenn Brosseau
- Département de Pneumologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat-Claude Bernard, F-75018 Paris, France;
| | - Brigitte Autran
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
| | - Dominique Costagliola
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (L.A.); (D.C.)
| | - Christine Katlama
- Département de Maladies Infectieuses, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Jacques Cadranel
- GRC #04 Theranoscan, Département de Pneumologie et Oncologie Thoracique, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, F-75020 Paris, France; (A.L.); (J.C.)
| | - Anne-Geneviève Marcelin
- INSERM UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Département de Virologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (C.S.); (A.-G.M.)
| | - Olivier Lambotte
- Département d’Immunologie Clinique, AP-HP, Hôpital Bicêtre, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France;
- INSERM, CEA, Center for Immunology of Viral, Auto-immune, Hematological and Bacterial Diseases (IDMIT/IMVA-HB), UMR1184, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94270 Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Spano
- Département d’Oncologie Médicale, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (M.V.); (J.-P.S.)
| | - Amélie Guihot
- INSERM U1135, CIMI, Département d’Immunologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, F-75013 Paris, France; (B.A.); (B.F.); (A.R.); (A.S.); (B.A.); (A.G.)
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35
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Expression Profile and Biological Role of Immune Checkpoints in Disease Progression of HIV/SIV Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030581. [PMID: 35336991 PMCID: PMC8955100 DOI: 10.3390/v14030581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
During HIV/SIV infection, the upregulation of immune checkpoint (IC) markers, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), T cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-3 (Tim-3), CD160, 2B4 (CD244), and V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA), can lead to chronic T cell exhaustion. These ICs play predominant roles in regulating the progression of HIV/SIV infection by mediating T cell responses as well as enriching latent viral reservoirs. It has been demonstrated that enhanced expression of ICs on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells could inhibit cell proliferation and cytokine production. Overexpression of ICs on CD4+ T cells could also format and prolong HIV/SIV persistence. IC blockers have shown promising clinical results in HIV therapy, implying that targeting ICs may optimize antiretroviral therapy in the context of HIV suppression. Here, we systematically review the expression profile, biological regulation, and therapeutic efficacy of targeted immune checkpoints in HIV/SIV infection.
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Timofeeva A, Sedykh S, Nevinsky G. Post-Immune Antibodies in HIV-1 Infection in the Context of Vaccine Development: A Variety of Biological Functions and Catalytic Activities. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10030384. [PMID: 35335016 PMCID: PMC8955465 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10030384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike many other viruses, HIV-1 is highly variable. The structure of the viral envelope changes as the infection progresses and is one of the biggest obstacles in developing an HIV-1 vaccine. HIV-1 infection can cause the production of various natural autoantibodies, including catalytic antibodies hydrolyzing DNA, myelin basic protein, histones, HIV-integrase, HIV-reverse transcriptase, β-casein, serum albumin, and some other natural substrates. Currently, there are various directions for the development of HIV-1 vaccines: stimulation of the immune response on the mucous membranes; induction of cytotoxic T cells, which lyse infected cells and hold back HIV-infection; immunization with recombinant Env proteins or vectors encoding Env; mRNA-based vaccines and some others. However, despite many attempts to develop an HIV-1 vaccine, none have been successful. Here we review the entire spectrum of antibodies found in HIV-infected patients, including neutralizing antibodies specific to various viral epitopes, as well as antibodies formed against various autoantigens, catalytic antibodies against autoantigens, and some viral proteins. We consider various promising targets for developing a vaccine that will not produce unwanted antibodies in vaccinated patients. In addition, we review common problems in the development of a vaccine against HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Timofeeva
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-91-32-027-154
| | - Sergey Sedykh
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Georgy Nevinsky
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (S.S.); (G.N.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Chen X, Lin Y, Yue S, Yang Y, Wang X, Pan Z, Yang X, Gao L, Zhou J, Li Z, Hu L, Tang J, Wu Q, Wang Y, Tian Q, Hao Y, Xu L, Zhu B, Huang Q, Ye L. Differential expression of inhibitory receptor NKG2A distinguishes disease-specific exhausted CD8 + T cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e111. [PMID: 35281793 PMCID: PMC8906559 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exhausted CD8+ T (Tex) cells are caused by persistent antigenic stimulation during chronic viral infection or tumorigenesis. Tex cells upregulate and sustain the expressions of multiple immune inhibitory receptors (IRs). Blocking IRs of Tex cells, exemplified by PD-1, can partially restore their effector functions and thus lead to viral suppression or tumor remission. Tex cells derived from chronic viral infections share the expression spectrum of IRs with Tex cells derived from tumors; however, whether any IRs are selectively expressed by tumor-derived Tex cells or virus-derived Tex cells remains to be learnt. In the study, we found that Tex cells upregulate IR natural killer cell lectin-like receptor isoform A (NKG2A) specifically in the context of tumor but not chronic viral infection. Moreover, the NKG2A expression is attributed to tumor antigen recognition and thus bias expressed by tumor-specific Tex cells in the tumor microenvironment instead of their counterparts in the periphery. Such dichotomous NKG2A expression further dictates the differential responsiveness of Tex cells to NKG2A immune checkpoint blockade. Therefore, our study highlighted NKG2A as a disease-dependent IR and provided novel insights into the distinct regulatory mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion between tumor and chronic viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yao Lin
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Shuai Yue
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhiwei Pan
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Leiqiong Gao
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jing Zhou
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhirong Li
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Li Hu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Jianfang Tang
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qing Wu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yifei Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Qin Tian
- Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Yaxing Hao
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lifan Xu
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Bo Zhu
- Institute of Cancer, Xinqiao HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Qizhao Huang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Lilin Ye
- School of Laboratory Medicine and BiotechnologySouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Institute of ImmunologyThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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38
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Li W, Syed F, Yu R, Yang J, Xia Y, Relich RF, Russell PM, Zhang S, Khalili M, Huang L, Kacena MA, Zheng X, Yu Q. Soluble Immune Checkpoints Are Dysregulated in COVID-19 and Heavy Alcohol Users With HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:833310. [PMID: 35281051 PMCID: PMC8904355 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.833310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (ICPs) consist of paired receptor-ligand molecules that exert inhibitory or stimulatory effects on immune defense, surveillance, regulation, and self-tolerance. ICPs exist in both membrane and soluble forms in vivo and in vitro. Imbalances between inhibitory and stimulatory membrane-bound ICPs (mICPs) in malignant cells and immune cells in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) have been well documented. Blockades of inhibitory mICPs have emerged as an immense breakthrough in cancer therapeutics. However, the origin, structure, production regulation, and biological significance of soluble ICPs (sICPs) in health and disease largely remains elusive. Soluble ICPs can be generated through either alternative mRNA splicing and secretion or protease-mediated shedding from mICPs. Since sICPs are found in the bloodstream, they likely form a circulating immune regulatory system. In fact, there is increasing evidence that sICPs exhibit biological functions including (1) regulation of antibacterial immunity, (2) interaction with their mICP compartments to positively or negatively regulate immune responses, and (3) competition with their mICP compartments for binding to the ICP blocking antibodies, thereby reducing the efficacy of ICP blockade therapies. Here, we summarize current data of sICPs in cancer and infectious diseases. We particularly focus on sICPs in COVID-19 and HIV infection as they are the two ongoing global pandemics and have created the world's most serious public health challenges. A "storm" of sICPs occurs in the peripheral circulation of COVID-19 patients and is associated with the severity of COVID-19. Similarly, sICPs are highly dysregulated in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and some sICPs remain dysregulated in PLHIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), indicating these sICPs may serve as biomarkers of incomplete immune reconstitution in PLHIV on ART. We reveal that HIV infection in the setting of alcohol misuse exacerbates sICP dysregulation as PLHIV with heavy alcohol consumption have significantly elevated plasma levels of many sICPs. Thus, both stimulatory and inhibitory sICPs are present in the bloodstream of healthy people and their balance can be disrupted under pathophysiological conditions such as cancer, COVID-19, HIV infection, and alcohol misuse. There is an urgent need to study the role of sICPs in immune regulation in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fahim Syed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Richard Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ying Xia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ryan F. Relich
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Patrick M. Russell
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Shanxiang Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Mandana Khalili
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Laurence Huang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Xiaoqun Zheng
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children’s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qigui Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Gubser C, Chiu C, Lewin SR, Rasmussen TA. Immune checkpoint blockade in HIV. EBioMedicine 2022; 76:103840. [PMID: 35123267 PMCID: PMC8882999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved life expectancy for people with HIV (PWH) and helps to restore immune function but is not curative and must be taken lifelong. Achieving long term control of HIV in the absence of ART will likely require potent T cell function, but chronic HIV infection is associated with immune exhaustion that persists even on ART. This is driven by elevated expression of immune checkpoints that provide negative signalling to T cells. In individuals with cancer, immune checkpoint blockade augments tumour-directed T-cell responses resulting in significant clinical cures. There is therefore high interest if ICB can contribute to HIV cure or remission by reversing HIV-latency and/or drive recovery of HIV-specific T-cells. We here review recent evidence on the role of immune checkpoints in persistent HIV infection and discuss the potential for employing immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic approach to target HIV persistence on ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Chris Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Thomas A Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite improvements in the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), there are still unmet needs for people living with HIV which drive the search for a cure for HIV infection. The goal of this review is to discuss the challenges and recent immunotherapeutic advances towards developing a safe, effective and durable cure strategy for HIV. RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, advances have been made in uncovering the mechanisms of persistence of latent HIV and in developing more accurate assays to measure the intact proviral reservoir. Broadly neutralising antibodies and modern techniques to enhance antibody responses have shown promising results. Other strategies including therapeutic vaccination, latency reversal agents, and immunomodulatory agents have shown limited success, but newer interventions including engineered T cells and other immunotherapies may be a potent and flexible strategy for achieving HIV cure. SUMMARY Although progress with newer cure strategies may be encouraging, challenges remain and it is essential to achieve a high threshold of safety and effectiveness in the era of safe and effective ART. It is likely that to achieve sustained HIV remission or cure, a multipronged approach involving a combination of enhancing both adaptive and innate immunity is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming J Lee
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
| | - S Fidler
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London
- Imperial College NIHR BRC, London
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar School of Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford
- Oxford NIHR BRC, Oxford, UK
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41
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Margolis DM. Latency Reversal and Clearance of Persistent HIV Infection. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:375-389. [PMID: 34985677 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to prevent and treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection have begun to blunt the spread of HIV infection. Potent, safe, and well-tolerated antiretroviral therapy (ART) allows those infected with HIV to attain a life expectancy similar to that of HIV-uninfected individuals. But the persistence of the quiescent retroviral genome, enforced by the natural proliferative responses of the immune system itself, and a delicate balance of regulators viral expression, mandates lifelong ART suppression to prevent rebound viremia and the return of disease.The approach to HIV eradication that has been studied the most extensively envisions adding therapies to induce the expression of quiescent HIV-1 genomes following the control of viremia by ART, paired with immunotherapies to clear persistent infection. Paired testing of latency reversal and clearance strategies has begun, but the field is still in its infancy and additional obstacles to HIV eradication may emerge. However, there is reason for optimism that together with advances in ART delivery and HIV prevention strategies, efforts in HIV cure research will markedly diminish the effect of the HIV pandemic on society.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Margolis
- UNC HIV Cure Center, Department of Medicine, and Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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42
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Chiu CY, Chang JJ, Dantanarayana AI, Soloman A, Evans VA, Pascoe R, Gubser C, Trautman L, Fromentin R, Chomont N, McMahon JH, Cameron PU, Rasmussen TA, Lewin SR. Combination Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances IL-2 and CD107a Production from HIV-Specific T Cells Ex Vivo in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2022; 208:54-62. [PMID: 34853078 PMCID: PMC8702486 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), immune dysfunction persists, including elevated expression of immune checkpoint (IC) proteins on total and HIV-specific T cells. Reversing immune exhaustion is one strategy to enhance the elimination of HIV-infected cells that persist in PWH on ART. We aimed to evaluate whether blocking CTL-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), T cell Ig domain and mucin domain 3 (TIM-3), T cell Ig and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) alone or in combination would enhance HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell function ex vivo. Intracellular cytokine staining was performed using human PBMCs from PWH on ART (n = 11) and expression of CD107a, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 was quantified with HIV peptides and Abs to IC. We found the following: 1) IC blockade enhanced the induction of CD107a and IL-2 but not IFN-γ and TNF-α in response to Gag and Nef peptides; 2) the induction of CD107a and IL-2 was greatest with multiple combinations of two Abs; and 3) Abs to LAG-3, CTLA-4, and TIGIT in combinations showed synergistic induction of IL-2 in HIV-specific CD8+ and CD107a and IL-2 production in HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that the combination of Abs to LAG-3, CTLA-4, or TIGIT can increase the frequency of cells expressing CD107a and IL-2 that associated with cytotoxicity and survival of HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in PWH on ART. These combinations should be further explored for an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Y. Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Judy J. Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ashanti I. Dantanarayana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Ajantha Soloman
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Vanessa A. Evans
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Rachel Pascoe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Céline Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Lydie Trautman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, USA
| | - Rémi Fromentin
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3E4, Canada
| | - Nicolas Chomont
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H2X 3E4, Canada;,Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Paul U. Cameron
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia;,Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash University and the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000
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Korman AJ, Garrett-Thomson SC, Lonberg N. The foundations of immune checkpoint blockade and the ipilimumab approval decennial. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:509-528. [PMID: 34937915 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00345-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunity, and the potential for cancer immunotherapy, have been topics of scientific discussion and experimentation for over a hundred years. Several successful cancer immunotherapies - such as IL-2 and interferon-α (IFNα) - have appeared over the past 30 years. However, it is only in the past decade that immunotherapy has made a broad impact on patient survival in multiple high-incidence cancer indications. The emergence of immunotherapy as a new pillar of cancer treatment (adding to surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and targeted therapies) is due to the success of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) drugs, the first of which - ipilimumab - was approved in 2011. ICB drugs block receptors and ligands involved in pathways that attenuate T cell activation - such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4), programmed cell death 1 (PD1) and its ligand, PDL1 - and prevent, or reverse, acquired peripheral tolerance to tumour antigens. In this Review we mark the tenth anniversary of the approval of ipilimumab and discuss the foundational scientific history of ICB, together with the history of the discovery, development and elucidation of the mechanism of action of the first generation of drugs targeting the CTLA4 and PD1 pathways.
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New Approaches to Multi-Parametric HIV-1 Genetics Using Multiple Displacement Amplification: Determining the What, How, and Where of the HIV-1 Reservoir. Viruses 2021; 13:v13122475. [PMID: 34960744 PMCID: PMC8709494 DOI: 10.3390/v13122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of potential HIV-1 curative interventions requires accurate characterization of the proviral reservoir, defined as host-integrated viral DNA genomes that drive rebound of viremia upon halting ART (antiretroviral therapy). Evaluation of such interventions necessitates methods capable of pinpointing the rare, genetically intact, replication-competent proviruses within a background of defective proviruses. This evaluation can be achieved by identifying the distinct integration sites of intact proviruses within host genomes and monitoring the dynamics of these proviruses and host cell lineages over longitudinal sampling. Until recently, molecular genetic approaches at the single proviral level have been generally limited to one of a few metrics, such as proviral genome sequence/intactness, host-proviral integration site, or replication competency. New approaches, taking advantage of MDA (multiple displacement amplification) for WGA (whole genome amplification), have enabled multiparametric proviral characterization at the single-genome level, including proviral genome sequence, host-proviral integration site, and phenotypic characterization of the host cell lineage, such as CD4 memory subset and antigen specificity. In this review, we will examine the workflow of MDA-augmented molecular genetic approaches to study the HIV-1 reservoir, highlighting technical advantages and flexibility. We focus on a collection of recent studies in which investigators have used these approaches to comprehensively characterize intact and defective proviruses from donors on ART, investigate mechanisms of elite control, and define cell lineage identity and antigen specificity of infected CD4+ T cell clones. The highlighted studies exemplify how these approaches and their future iterations will be key in defining the targets and evaluating the impacts of HIV curative interventions.
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Bushara O, Krogh K, Weinberg SE, Finkelman BS, Sun L, Liao J, Yang GY. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Promotes Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Anal Squamous Carcinogenesis: An Immunologic and Pathobiologic Review. Pathobiology 2021; 89:1-12. [PMID: 34535611 DOI: 10.1159/000518758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare gastrointestinal malignancy with rising incidence, both in the United States and internationally. The primary risk factor for anal SCC is human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, there is a growing burden of disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV coinfection, with the incidence of anal SCC significantly increasing in this population. This is particularly true in HIV-infected men. The epidemiologic correlation between HIV-HPV coinfection and anal SCC is established; however, the immunologic mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. SUMMARY HIV-related immunosuppression due to low circulating CD4+ T cells is one component of increased risk, but other mechanisms, such as the effect of HIV on CD8+ T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in antitumor and antiviral response, is emerging as significant contributors. The goal of this article is to review existing research on HIV-HPV coinfected anal SCC and precancerous lesions, propose explanations for the detrimental synergy of HIV and HPV on the pathogenesis and immunologic response to HPV-associated cancers, and discuss implications for future treatments and immunotherapies in HIV-positive patients with HPV-mediated anal SCC. Key Messages: The incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma is increased in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, even in patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. Locoregional HIV infection may enhance human papillomavirus oncogenicity. Chronic inflammation due to HIV infection may contribute to CD8+ T lymphocyte exhaustion by upregulating PD-1 expression, thereby blunting cytotoxic antitumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Bushara
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Katrina Krogh
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Samuel Edward Weinberg
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Steven Finkelman
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Leyu Sun
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jie Liao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Guang-Yu Yang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Kumar S, Sarthi P, Mani I, Ashraf MU, Kang MH, Kumar V, Bae YS. Epitranscriptomic Approach: To Improve the Efficacy of ICB Therapy by Co-Targeting Intracellular Checkpoint CISH. Cells 2021; 10:2250. [PMID: 34571899 PMCID: PMC8466810 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular immunotherapy has recently emerged as a fourth pillar in cancer treatment co-joining surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Where, the discovery of immune checkpoint blockage or inhibition (ICB/ICI), anti-PD-1/PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4-based, therapy has revolutionized the class of cancer treatment at a different level. However, some cancer patients escape this immune surveillance mechanism and become resistant to ICB-therapy. Therefore, a more advanced or an alternative treatment is required urgently. Despite the functional importance of epitranscriptomics in diverse clinico-biological practices, its role in improving the efficacy of ICB therapeutics has been limited. Consequently, our study encapsulates the evidence, as a possible strategy, to improve the efficacy of ICB-therapy by co-targeting molecular checkpoints especially N6A-modification machineries which can be reformed into RNA modifying drugs (RMD). Here, we have explained the mechanism of individual RNA-modifiers (editor/writer, eraser/remover, and effector/reader) in overcoming the issues associated with high-dose antibody toxicities and drug-resistance. Moreover, we have shed light on the importance of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS/CISH) and microRNAs in improving the efficacy of ICB-therapy, with brief insight on the current monoclonal antibodies undergoing clinical trials or already approved against several solid tumor and metastatic cancers. We anticipate our investigation will encourage researchers and clinicians to further strengthen the efficacy of ICB-therapeutics by considering the importance of epitranscriptomics as a personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.U.A.); (M.-H.K.)
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Parth Sarthi
- University Department of Botany, M.Sc. Biotechnology, Ranchi University, Ranchi 834008, India;
| | - Indra Mani
- Department of Microbiology, Gargi College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110049, India;
| | - Muhammad Umer Ashraf
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.U.A.); (M.-H.K.)
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Myeong-Ho Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.U.A.); (M.-H.K.)
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Vishal Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Dayananda Sagar University, Bengaluru 560078, India;
| | - Yong-Soo Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.U.A.); (M.-H.K.)
- Science Research Center (SRC) for Immune Research on Non-lymphoid Organ (CIRNO), Sungkyunkwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon 16419, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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Zhang X, Tian D, Chen Y, Chen C, He LN, Zhou Y, Li H, Lin Z, Chen T, Wang Y, Russo A, Nadal E, Passiglia F, Soo RA, Watanabe S, Moran T, Oh IJ, Fu S, Hong S, Zhang L. Association of hepatitis B virus infection status with outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients undergoing anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3191-3202. [PMID: 34430357 PMCID: PMC8350074 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and survival outcomes of anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1/programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and different hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status. Methods Patients with advanced NSCLC and both chronic and/or resolved HBV infection who were treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy were retrospectively enrolled. The primary endpoint was the safety of PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy, while the secondary endpoints included the survival outcomes. Results Of the 62 eligible patients, 10 (16.1%) were hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive [chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection] and 52 (83.9%) were HBsAg negative and HBcAb positive [resolved hepatitis B (RHB) infection]; 42 (67.7%) patients had at least 1 treatment-related adverse event (AE), with 4 patients (6.5%) developing grade 3 AEs and 6 (9.7%) developing hepatic AEs. One CHB patient experienced HBV reactivation during anti-PD-1 immunotherapy due to the interruption of antiviral prophylaxis. The objective response rate and durable clinical benefit (DCB) rate were 17.7% and 29.0%, respectively. Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 23.6 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 14.4-32.8] and 2.1 months (95% CI: 1.2-3.0), respectively. The DCB rate was significantly higher in the CHB group than in the RHB group (60% vs. 23.1%; P=0.048). Patients with CHB experienced a longer PFS (8.3 vs. 2.0 months; P=0.103) and OS (35.0 vs. 18.2 months, P=0.119) than did RHB patients. Conclusions Anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy was safe and effective in patients with NSCLC and HBV infection. This population should not be excluded from receiving immunotherapy in routine clinical practice or within clinical trials if HBV biomarkers are monitored and antiviral prophylaxis is properly used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Departments of Dermatology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Na He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of VIP Region, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Endoscopy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Ernest Nadal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet (Barcelona), Spain
| | - Francesco Passiglia
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, S. Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Ross Andrew Soo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Satoshi Watanabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Teresa Moran
- Medical Oncology Department, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology. Department of Medicine. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus Can Ruti, Badalona, Spain
| | - In-Jae Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Jeonnam, Korea
| | - Sha Fu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Pathology Department, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaodong Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Gay CL, Bosch RJ, McKhann A, Moseley KF, Wimbish CL, Hendrickx SM, Messer M, Furlong M, Campbell DM, Jennings C, Benson C, Overton ET, Macatangay BJC, Kuritzkes DR, Miller E, Tressler R, Eron JJ, Hardy WD. Suspected Immune-Related Adverse Events With an Anti-PD-1 Inhibitor in Otherwise Healthy People With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2021; 87:e234-e236. [PMID: 33929394 PMCID: PMC8263135 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000002716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Gay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Ronald J. Bosch
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Ashley McKhann
- Department of Biostatistics, Center for Biostatistics and AIDS Research,Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kendall F. Moseley
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Chanelle L. Wimbish
- Department of Clinical Research, Social and Scientific Systems, Inc, a DLH Company, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Michael Messer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Maureen Furlong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Danielle M. Campbell
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Center for AIDS Research and Education (CARE), University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Cheryl Jennings
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Constance Benson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of California, San Diego, CA
| | - Edgar T. Overton
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Daniel R. Kuritzkes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Elizabeth Miller
- Clinical Sciences, Global Development, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Tarrytown, NY
| | - Randall Tressler
- HIV Research Branch, Division of AIDS, National Institute of AIDS, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD
| | - Joseph J. Eron
- Division of Infectious Diseases, the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - William David Hardy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
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Shared immunotherapeutic approaches in HIV and hepatitis B virus: combine and conquer. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021; 15:157-164. [PMID: 32167944 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0000000000000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The aim of this study was to identify similarities, differences and lessons to be shared from recent progress in HIV and hepatitis B virus (HBV) immunotherapeutic approaches. RECENT FINDINGS Immune dysregulation is a hallmark of both HIV and HBV infection, which have shared routes of transmission, with approximately 10% of HIV-positive patients worldwide being coinfected with HBV. Immune modulation therapies to orchestrate effective innate and adaptive immune responses are currently being sought as potential strategies towards a functional cure in both HIV and HBV infection. These are based on activating immunological mechanisms that would allow durable control by triggering innate immunity, reviving exhausted endogenous responses and/or generating new immune responses. Recent technological advances and increased appreciation of humoral responses in the control of HIV have generated renewed enthusiasm in the cure field. SUMMARY For both HIV and HBV infection, a primary consideration with immunomodulatory therapies continues to be a balance between generating highly effective immune responses and mitigating any significant toxicity. A large arsenal of new approaches and ongoing research offer the opportunity to define the pathways that underpin chronic infection and move closer to a functional cure.
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50
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Lau JS, McMahon JH, Gubser C, Solomon A, Chiu CY, Dantanarayana A, Chea S, Tennakoon S, Zerbato JM, Garlick J, Morcilla V, Palmer S, Lewin SR, Rasmussen TA. The impact of immune checkpoint therapy on the latent reservoir in HIV-infected individuals with cancer on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS 2021; 35:1631-1636. [PMID: 33859108 PMCID: PMC8286319 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000002919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to quantify HIV-specific immunological and virological changes in people with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with malignancy who received immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). DESIGN An observational cohort study. METHODS Blood samples were collected before and after four cycles of ICB in HIV-positive adults on ART. Virological assessments performed on CD4+ T cells included cell-associated unspliced HIV RNA, cell-associated HIV DNA, Tat/rev-induced limiting dilution assay (TILDA) and plasma HIV RNA using a single copy assay (SCA). Flow cytometry was used to assess the frequency of precursor exhausted T cells (Tpex) and exhausted T cells (Tex), and Gag-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells positive for IFN-γ, TNF-α or CD107a by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS). RESULTS Participant (P)1 received avelumab (anti-PD-L1) for Merkel cell carcinoma. P2 and P3 received ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1) for metastatic melanoma. An increase in CA-US RNA following each infusion was noted in all three participants. There were no consistent changes in HIV DNA or the proportion of cells with inducible MS HIV RNA. P2 demonstrated a striking increase in the frequency of gag-specific central and effector memory CD8+ T cells producing IFN-γ, TNF-α and CD107a following anti-PD1 and anti-CTLA-4. The frequency of CD8+ Tpex cells pre-ICB was also highest in this participant. CONCLUSION In three PWH with cancer on ART, we found that ICB activated latent HIV and enhanced HIV-specific T cell function but with considerable variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian S.Y. Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - James H. McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - Celine Gubser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Ajantha Solomon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Chris Y.H. Chiu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Socheata Chea
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Surekha Tennakoon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Jennifer M. Zerbato
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Jill Garlick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
| | - Vincent Morcilla
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarah Palmer
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sharon R. Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Thomas A. Rasmussen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria
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