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Singh PR, Dadireddy V, Udupa S, Kalladi SM, Shee S, Khosla S, Rajmani RS, Singh A, Ramakumar S, Nagaraja V. The Mycobacterium tuberculosis methyltransferase Rv2067c manipulates host epigenetic programming to promote its own survival. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8497. [PMID: 38129415 PMCID: PMC10739865 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43940-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis has evolved several mechanisms to counter host defense arsenals for its proliferation. Here we report that M. tuberculosis employs a multi-pronged approach to modify host epigenetic machinery for its survival. It secretes methyltransferase (MTase) Rv2067c into macrophages, trimethylating histone H3K79 in a non-nucleosomal context. Rv2067c downregulates host MTase DOT1L, decreasing DOT1L-mediated nucleosomally added H3K79me3 mark on pro-inflammatory response genes. Consequent inhibition of caspase-8-dependent apoptosis and enhancement of RIPK3-mediated necrosis results in increased pathogenesis. In parallel, Rv2067c enhances the expression of SESTRIN3, NLRC3, and TMTC1, enabling the pathogen to overcome host inflammatory and oxidative responses. We provide the structural basis for differential methylation of H3K79 by Rv2067c and DOT1L. The structures of Rv2067c and DOT1L explain how their action on H3K79 is spatially and temporally separated, enabling Rv2067c to effectively intercept the host epigenetic circuit and downstream signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakruti R Singh
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Shubha Udupa
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Shashwath Malli Kalladi
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Somnath Shee
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Sanjeev Khosla
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh (CSIR -IMTech), Chandigarh, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research (CIDR), Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Valakunja Nagaraja
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, India.
- Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Bengaluru, India.
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2
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Li LS, Yang L, Zhuang L, Ye ZY, Zhao WG, Gong WP. From immunology to artificial intelligence: revolutionizing latent tuberculosis infection diagnosis with machine learning. Mil Med Res 2023; 10:58. [PMID: 38017571 PMCID: PMC10685516 DOI: 10.1186/s40779-023-00490-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) has become a major source of active tuberculosis (ATB). Although the tuberculin skin test and interferon-gamma release assay can be used to diagnose LTBI, these methods can only differentiate infected individuals from healthy ones but cannot discriminate between LTBI and ATB. Thus, the diagnosis of LTBI faces many challenges, such as the lack of effective biomarkers from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) for distinguishing LTBI, the low diagnostic efficacy of biomarkers derived from the human host, and the absence of a gold standard to differentiate between LTBI and ATB. Sputum culture, as the gold standard for diagnosing tuberculosis, is time-consuming and cannot distinguish between ATB and LTBI. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of MTB and the immune mechanisms of the host in LTBI, including the innate and adaptive immune responses, multiple immune evasion mechanisms of MTB, and epigenetic regulation. Based on this knowledge, we summarize the current status and challenges in diagnosing LTBI and present the application of machine learning (ML) in LTBI diagnosis, as well as the advantages and limitations of ML in this context. Finally, we discuss the future development directions of ML applied to LTBI diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Sheng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Li Zhuang
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Zhao-Yang Ye
- Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhao
- Senior Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Wen-Ping Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Techniques of Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment, Senior Department of Tuberculosis, the Eighth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100091, China.
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3
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Prakhar P, Bhatt B, Lohia GK, Shah A, Mukherjee T, Kolthur-Seetharam U, Sundaresan NR, Rajmani RS, Balaji KN. G9a and Sirtuin6 epigenetically modulate host cholesterol accumulation to facilitate mycobacterial survival. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011731. [PMID: 37871034 PMCID: PMC10621959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol derived from the host milieu forms a critical factor for mycobacterial pathogenesis. However, the molecular circuitry co-opted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to accumulate cholesterol in host cells remains obscure. Here, we report that the coordinated action of WNT-responsive histone modifiers G9a (H3K9 methyltransferase) and SIRT6 (H3K9 deacetylase) orchestrate cholesterol build-up in in vitro and in vivo mouse models of Mtb infection. Mechanistically, G9a, along with SREBP2, drives the expression of cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake genes; while SIRT6 along with G9a represses the genes involved in cholesterol efflux. The accumulated cholesterol in Mtb infected macrophages promotes the expression of antioxidant genes leading to reduced oxidative stress, thereby supporting Mtb survival. In corroboration, loss-of-function of G9a in vitro and pharmacological inhibition in vivo; or utilization of BMDMs derived from Sirt6-/- mice or in vivo infection in haplo-insufficient Sirt6-/+ mice; hampered host cholesterol accumulation and restricted Mtb burden. These findings shed light on the novel roles of G9a and SIRT6 during Mtb infection and highlight the previously unknown contribution of host cholesterol in potentiating anti-oxidative responses for aiding Mtb survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bharat Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Lohia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Awantika Shah
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ullas Kolthur-Seetharam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nagalingam R. Sundaresan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore–, Karnataka, India
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4
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Sengupta S, Pattanaik KP, Mishra S, Sonawane A. Epigenetic orchestration of host immune defences by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Res 2023; 273:127400. [PMID: 37196490 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Being among the top 10 causes of adult deaths, tuberculosis (TB) disease is considered a major global public health concern to address. The human tuberculosis pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is an extremely competent and well-versed pathogen that promotes pathogenesis by evading the host immune systems through numerous tactics. Investigations revealed that Mtb could evade the host defense mechanisms by reconfiguring the host gene transcription and causing epigenetic changes. Although results indicate the link between epigenetics and disease manifestation in other bacterial infections, little is known regarding the kinetics of the epigenetic alterations in mycobacterial infection. This literature review discusses the studies in Mtb-induced epigenetic alterations inside the host and its contribution in the host immune evasion strategies. It also discusses how the Mtb-induced alterations could be used as 'epibiomarkers' to diagnose TB. Additionally, this review also discusses therapeutic interventions to be enhanced through remodification by 'epidrugs'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Kali Prasad Pattanaik
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, Campus-11, KIIT Deemed to be University, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institutes of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India.
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Li K, Gao L, Zhou S, Ma YR, Xiao X, Jiang Q, Kang ZH, Liu ML, Liu TX. Erythropoietin promotes energy metabolism to improve LPS-induced injury in HK-2 cells via SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:651-663. [PMID: 36001204 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04540-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of frequent complications of sepsis with high mortality. Mitochondria is the center of energy metabolism participating in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated AKI, and SIRT1/PGC1-α signaling pathway plays a crucial role in the modulation of energy metabolism. Erythropoietin (EPO) exerts protective functions on chronic kidney disease. We aimed to assess the effects of EPO on cell damage and energy metabolism in a cell model of septic AKI. Renal tubular epithelial cells HK-2 were treated with LPS and human recombinant erythropoietin (rhEPO). Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 and mitochondrial membrane potential was determined using JC-1 fluorescent probe. Then the content of ATP, ADP and NADPH, as well as lactic acid, were measured for the assessment of energy metabolism. Oxidative stress was evaluated by detecting the levels of ROS, MDA, SOD and GSH. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, were measured with ELISA. Moreover, qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to detect mRNA and protein expressions. shSIRT1 was used to knockdown SIRT1, while EX527 and SR-18292 were applied to inhibit SIRT1 and PGC1-α, respectively, to investigate the regulatory mechanism of rhEPO on inflammatory injury and energy metabolism. In LPS-exposed HK-2 cells, rhEPO attenuated cell damage, inflammation and abnormal energy metabolism, as indicated by the elevated cell viability, the inhibited oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and inflammation, as well as the increased mitochondrial membrane potential and energy metabolism. However, these protective effects induced by rhEPO were reversed after SIRT1 or PGC1-α inhibition. EPO activated SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway to alleviate LPS-induced abnormal energy metabolism and cell damage in HK-2 cells. Our study suggested that rhEPO played a renoprotective role through SIRT1/PGC1-α pathway, which supported its therapeutic potential in septic AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Li Gao
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Sen Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yan-Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Hong Kang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Ming-Long Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tian-Xi Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggangxi Road, Chengguan District, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Arrigoni R, Ballini A, Topi S, Bottalico L, Jirillo E, Santacroce L. Antibiotic Resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Potential Use of Natural and Biological Products as Alternative Anti-Mycobacterial Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11101431. [PMID: 36290089 PMCID: PMC9598247 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). TB treatment is based on the administration of three major antibiotics: isoniazid, rifampicin, and pyrazinamide. However, multi-drug resistant (MDR) Mtb strains are increasing around the world, thus, allowing TB to spread around the world. The stringent response is demonstrated by Mtb strains in order to survive under hostile circumstances, even including exposure to antibiotics. The stringent response is mediated by alarmones, which regulate bacterial replication, transcription and translation. Moreover, the Mtb cell wall contributes to the mechanism of antibiotic resistance along with efflux pump activation and biofilm formation. Immunity over the course of TB is managed by M1-macrophages and M2-macrophages, which regulate the immune response against Mtb infection, with the former exerting inflammatory reactions and the latter promoting an anti-inflammatory profile. T helper 1 cells via secretion of interferon (IFN)-gamma, play a protective role in the course of TB, while T regulatory cells secreting interleukin 10, are anti-inflammatory. Alternative therapeutic options against TB require further discussion. In view of the increasing number of MDR Mtb strains, attempts to replace antibiotics with natural and biological products have been object of intensive investigation. Therefore, in this review the anti-Mtb effects exerted by probiotics, polyphenols, antimicrobial peptides and IFN-gamma will be discussed. All the above cited compounds are endowed either with direct antibacterial activity or with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Arrigoni
- CNR Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), 70124 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea Ballini
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Skender Topi
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Lucrezia Bottalico
- Department of Clinical Disciplines, School of Technical Medical Sciences, “A. Xhuvani”, 3001 Elbasan, Albania
| | - Emilio Jirillo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi Santacroce
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Section of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
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7
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Borbora SM, Rajmani RS, Balaji KN. PRMT5 epigenetically regulates the E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH to influence lipid accumulation during mycobacterial infection. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010095. [PMID: 35658060 PMCID: PMC9200362 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), triggers enhanced accumulation of lipids to generate foamy macrophages (FMs). This process has been often attributed to the surge in the expression of lipid influx genes with a concomitant decrease in those involved in lipid efflux. Here, we define an Mtb-orchestrated modulation of the ubiquitination of lipid accumulation markers to enhance lipid accretion during infection. We find that Mtb infection represses the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, ITCH, resulting in the sustenance of key lipid accrual molecules viz. ADRP and CD36, that are otherwise targeted by ITCH for proteasomal degradation. In line, overexpressing ITCH in Mtb-infected cells was found to suppress Mtb-induced lipid accumulation. Molecular analyses including loss-of-function and ChIP assays demonstrated a role for the concerted action of the transcription factor YY1 and the arginine methyl transferase PRMT5 in restricting the expression of Itch gene by conferring repressive symmetrical H4R3me2 marks on its promoter. Consequently, siRNA-mediated depletion of YY1 or PRMT5 rescued ITCH expression, thereby compromising the levels of Mtb-induced ADRP and CD36 and limiting FM formation during infection. Accumulation of lipids within the host has been implicated as a pro-mycobacterial process that aids in pathogen persistence and dormancy. In line, we found that perturbation of PRMT5 enzyme activity resulted in compromised lipid levels and reduced mycobacterial survival in mouse peritoneal macrophages (ex vivo) and in a therapeutic mouse model of TB infection (in vivo). These findings provide new insights into the role of PRMT5 and YY1 in augmenting mycobacterial pathogenesis. Thus, we posit that our observations could help design novel adjunct therapies and combinatorial drug regimen for effective anti-TB strategies. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection leads to the formation of lipid-laden cells (foamy macrophages-FMs) that offer a favorable shelter for its persistence. During infection, we observe a significant reduction in the expression of the E3 ubiquitin ligase, ITCH. This repression allows the sustenance of key lipid accretion molecules (ADRP and CD36), by curbing their proteasomal degradation. Further, we show the repression of ITCH to be dependent on the concerted action of the bifunctional transcription factor, YY1 and the arginine methyl transferase, PRMT5. NOTCH signaling pathway was identified as a master-regulator of YY1 expression. In vitro and in vivo analyses revealed the significance of PRMT5 in regulating FM formation and consequently mycobacterial burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Miskat Borbora
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Raju S. Rajmani
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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8
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Fan T, Liu Y, Liu H, Wang L, Tian H, Zheng Y, Zheng B, Xue L, Li C, He J. Transmembrane Protein-Based Risk Model and H3K4me3 Modification Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:828814. [PMID: 35392225 PMCID: PMC8980838 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.828814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The role and mechanism of transmembrane proteins (TMEMs) in tumorigenesis remain unclear. Based on 4 independent cohorts containing 1,208 cases, we identified 3 TMEMs (TMEM273, TMEM164, and TMEM125), which were used to construct a risk model to predict the prognosis of LUAD. The two patterns based on the risk score exhibited a high degree of consistency with the characteristics of immune cell infiltration and epigenetic distribution. Patients with a low-risk score, characterized by an increased activation of immunity, H3K4me3 modification, tumor cell apoptosis, chemokine secretion, and TMB, had better disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Obvious immunosuppression, increased epithelial–mesenchymal transition, a low H3K4me3 level, shortened cell cycle, and accelerated cell division manifested in high-risk patients, with poorer DFS and OS. The model showed a better prognostic value than the tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion score. Correlation analysis told us that patients with high scores were suitable for treatment with CD276 inhibitors for their higher levels of CD276 expression. The risk score had a strong negative correlation with HAVCR2 and ICOS among patients with EGFR-WT, KRAS-WT, STK11-WT, or TP53-MUT, and patients with these mutation types with low scores were suitable for treatment with HAVCR2 or ICOS inhibitors. This work comprehensively analyzed the role and mechanism of TMEMs in LUAD and revealed the characteristics of histone methylation modification. The TMEM-based signature gave us deep insight into immune cell infiltration profiles and provided an individualized immunotherapy strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Fan
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hengchang Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie He
- Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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9
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Wang Z, Li T, Gong Z, Xie J. Role of ISG15 post-translational modification in immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Cell Signal 2022; 94:110329. [PMID: 35390466 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISG15 encoded by a type I interferon (IFN) inducible gene mediates an important cellular process called ISGylation. ISGylation emerges as a powerful host tactic against intracellular pathogens like Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, the exact role of ISGylation in immunity remains elusive. To shed light on how ISGylation, which is both interesting and complex, participates in immunity against Mtb, this manuscript summarized the current knowledge about the structural characteristics and targets of ISG15 and how ISGylation cross-talks with other host post-translational modifications to exert its effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilu Wang
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Tongxin Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Southwest University Public Health Hospital, central laboratory Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhen Gong
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianping Xie
- Institute of Modern Biopharmaceuticals, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Eco-Environment and Bio-Resource of the Three Gorges Area, Key Laboratory of Eco-environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains the leading cause of bacterial disease-related death and is among the top 10 overall causes of death worldwide. The complex nature of this infectious lung disease has proven difficult to treat, and significant research efforts are now evaluating the feasibility of host-directed, adjunctive therapies. An attractive approach in host-directed therapy targets host epigenetics, or gene regulation, to redirect the immune response in a host-beneficial manner. Substantial evidence exists demonstrating that host epigenetics are dysregulated during TB and that epigenetic-based therapies may be highly effective to treat TB. However, the caveat is that much of the knowledge that exists on the modulation of the host epigenome during TB has been gained using in vitro, small-animal, or blood-derived cell models, which do not accurately reflect the pulmonary nature of the disease. In humans, the first and major target cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are alveolar macrophages (AM). As such, their response to infection and treatment is clinically relevant and ultimately drives the outcome of disease. In this review, we compare the fundamental differences between AM and circulating monocyte-derived macrophages in the context of TB and summarize the recent advances in elucidating the epigenomes of these cells, including changes to the transcriptome, DNA methylome, and chromatin architecture. We will also discuss trained immunity in AM as a new and emerging field in TB research and provide some perspectives for the translational potential of targeting host epigenetics as an alternative TB therapy.
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11
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Arish M, Naz F. Macrophage plasticity as a therapeutic target in tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2022; 52:696-704. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- JH‐Institute of Molecular Medicine Jamia Hamdard New Delhi India
- Carter Immunology Center University of Virginia United States
| | - Farha Naz
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc) Jamia Millia Islamia New Delhi India
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health School of Medicine University of Virginia Health System United States
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12
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Sui J, Qiao W, Xiang X, Luo Y. Epigenetic Changes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its Host Provide Potential Targets or Biomarkers for Drug Discovery and Clinical Diagnosis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mukherjee T, Bhatt B, Prakhar P, Lohia GK, Rajmani R, Balaji KN. Epigenetic reader BRD4 supports mycobacterial pathogenesis by co-modulating host lipophagy and angiogenesis. Autophagy 2022; 18:391-408. [PMID: 34074211 PMCID: PMC8942508 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1936355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-driven lipid accumulation is intricately associated with the progression of tuberculosis (TB) disease. Although several studies elucidating the mechanisms for lipid droplet (LD) biosynthesis exist, we provide evidence for the significance of their regulated turnover via macroautophagy/autophagy during Mtb infection. We demonstrate that Mtb utilizes EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) signaling to induce the expression of the histone acetylation reader, BRD4 (bromodomain containing 4). The EGFR-BRD4 axis suppresses lipid-specific autophagy, and hence favors cellular lipid accumulation. Specifically, we found that pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of Egfr or Brd4 enhances autophagic flux and concomitantly decreases cellular LDs that is otherwise maintained at a significant level in chloroquine-treated or Atg5 knocked down autophagy-compromised host cells. In line with the enhanced lipophagy, we found that loss of EGFR or BRD4 function restricts mycobacterial burden that is rescued by external replenishment with oleic acid. We also report that the EGFR-BRD4 axis exerts additional effects by modulating pro-angiogenic gene expression and consequently aberrant angiogenesis during mycobacterial infection. This is important in the context of systemic Mtb dissemination as well as for the efficient delivery of anti-mycobacterial therapeutics to the Mtb-rich core of TB granuloma. Finally, utilizing an in vivo mouse model of TB, we show that pharmacological inhibition of EGFR and BRD4 compromises LD buildup via enhanced lipophagy and normalizes angiogenesis, thereby restricting Mtb burden and rescuing mice from severe TB-like pathology. These findings shed light on the novel roles of BRD4 during Mtb infection, and its possible implication in potentiating anti-TB responses.Abbreviations: ATG5: autophagy related 5; BRDs: bromodomain containing; COL18A1: collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain; EGFR: epidermal growth factor receptor; EP300: E1A binding protein p300; KDR: kinase insert domain receptor; KLF5: Kruppel like factor 5; LDs: lipid droplets; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; Mtb: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; PECAM1: platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TB: tuberculosis; THBS1: thrombospondin 1; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanushree Mukherjee
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Bharat Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Lohia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - R.S. Rajmani
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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14
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Kalra R, Tiwari D, Dkhar HK, Bhagyaraj E, Kumar R, Bhardwaj A, Gupta P. Host factors subverted by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Potential targets for host directed therapy. Int Rev Immunol 2021; 42:43-70. [PMID: 34678117 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1990277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite new approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB), it continues to be a major health burden. Several immunotherapies that potentiate the immune response have come up as adjuncts to drug therapies against drug resistant TB strains; however, there needs to be an urgent appraisal of host specific drug targets for improving their clinical management and to curtail disease progression. Presently, various host directed therapies (HDTs) exist (repurposed drugs, nutraceuticals, monoclonal antibodies and immunomodulatory agents), but these mostly address molecules that combat disease progression. AREAS COVERED The current review discusses major Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) survival paradigms inside the host and presents a plethora of host targets subverted by M. tuberculosis which can be further explored for future HDTs. The host factors unique to M. tuberculosis infection (in humans) have also been identified through an in-silico interaction mapping. EXPERT OPINION HDTs could become the next-generation adjunct therapies in order to counter antimicrobial resistance and virulence, as well as to reduce the duration of existing TB treatments. However, current scientific efforts are largely directed toward combatants rather than host molecules co-opted by M. tuberculosis for its survival. This might drive the immune system to a hyper-inflammatory condition; therefore, we emphasize that host factors subverted by M. tuberculosis, and their subsequent neutralization, must be considered for development of better HDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashi Kalra
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Drishti Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Hedwin Kitdorlang Dkhar
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Ella Bhagyaraj
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Anshu Bhardwaj
- Bioinformatics Center, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh-160036, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India
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15
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Bhatt B, Prakhar P, Lohia GK, Rajmani RS, Balaji KN. Pre-existing mycobacterial infection modulates Candida albicans-driven pyroptosis. FEBS J 2021; 289:1536-1551. [PMID: 34670010 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Active tuberculosis patients are at high risk of coinfection with opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans. However, the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-C. albicans coinfection remain elusive. In the current study, we utilize a mouse model to demonstrate that Mtb promotes a macrophage environment that is conducive for C. albicans survival. Mtb-dependent protein kinase Cζ-WNT signalling axis induces expression of an E3 ubiquitin ligase, constitutive photomorphogenesis protein 1 (COP1). A secondary infection of C. albicans in such Mtb-infected macrophages causes COP1 to mediate the proteasomal degradation of interferon regulatory factor 9 (IRF9), a cardinal factor that we identified to arbitrate an inflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis. In vivo experiments mimicking a pre-existing Mtb infection demonstrate that inhibition of pyroptosis in mice results in increased C. albicans burden and aberrant lung tissue architecture, leading to increased host mortality. Together, our study reveals the crucial role of pyroptosis regulation for manifesting a successful C. albicans-Mtb coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Bhatt
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Praveen Prakhar
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Gaurav Kumar Lohia
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Raju S Rajmani
- Centre of Infectious Disease Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
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16
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Chen P, Zhu H, Mao Y, Zhuo M, Yu Y, Chen M, Zhao Q, Li L, Wu M, Ye M. SETD8 involved in the progression of inflammatory bowel disease via epigenetically regulating p62 expression. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2850-2863. [PMID: 33991018 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Epigenetic modification is an important part of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some studies proved that p62 was involved in inflammatory response and upregulated in IBD patients, and histone modification plays an important role in regulating p62 expression. SETD8, a histone H4K20 methyltransferase, has been reported downregulated in some inflammatory diseases. Here, we investigated the role of SETD8 in the development of IBD and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS An inflammatory cell model was established to elucidate whether SETD8 involved in inflammatory response in macrophages. Three percent dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis murine model injection with SETD8 inhibitor was used in our study to investigate whether SETD8 inhibition can affect the progress of IBD. The expression of SETD8 and p62 was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. The mRNA level of inflammatory cytokines was analyzed by qRT-PCR. In addition, chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR was performed to identify the mechanism by which SETD8 regulates p62. RESULTS SETD8 expression obviously decreased in vitro, in vivo models and in IBD patients. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells, knockdown of SETD8 significantly increased the mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. Based on the dataset, we verified that p62 was a target gene of SETD8 and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assay identified that silence of SETD8 distinctly decreases the H4K20me1 enrichment in the promoter of p62. Moreover, silencing of p62 partly reverses the SETD8 inhibition-mediated pro-inflammatory effect in vitro. Finally, SETD8 pharmacological inhibitor (UNC0379) aggravated the disease progression in dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis. CONCLUSION Our findings elucidate an epigenetic mechanism by which SETD8 regulates the p62 expression and restrains the inflammatory response in colitis. Our result suggests that targeting SETD8 may be a promising therapy for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yujuan Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingxing Zhuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lianyun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mei Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Hubei Clinical Centre & Key Laboratory of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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17
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Roy D, Ehtesham NZ, Hasnain SE. Is Mycobacterium tuberculosis carcinogenic to humans? FASEB J 2021; 35:e21853. [PMID: 34416038 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001581rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We highlight the ability of the tuberculosis (TB) causing bacterial pathogen, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), to induce key characteristics that are associated with established IARC classified Group 1 and Group 2A carcinogenic agents. There is sufficient evidence from epidemiological case-control, cohort and meta-analysis studies of increased lung cancer (LC) risk in pre-existing/active/old TB cases. Similar to carcinogens and other pathogenic infectious agents, exposure to aerosol-containing Mtb sprays in mice produce malignant transformation of cells that result in squamous cell carcinoma. Convincing, mechanistic data show several characteristics shared between TB and LC which include chronic inflammation, genomic instability and replicative immortality, just to name a few cancer hallmarks. These hallmarks of cancer may serve as precursors to malignant transformation. Together, these findings form the basis of our postulate that Mtb is a complete human pulmonary carcinogen. We also discuss how Mtb may act as both an initiating agent and promoter of tumor growth. Forthcoming experimental studies will not only serve as proof-of-concept but will also pivot our understanding of how to manage/treat TB cases as well as offer solutions to clinical conundrums of TB lesions masquerading as tumors. Clinical validation of our concept may also help pave the way for next generation personalized medicine for the management of pulmonary TB/cancer particularly for cases that are not responding well to conventional chemotherapy or TB drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deodutta Roy
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nasreen Z Ehtesham
- ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, India
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.,Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi (IIT-D), New Delhi, India
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18
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Sengupta S, Nayak B, Meuli M, Sander P, Mishra S, Sonawane A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Phosphoribosyltransferase Promotes Bacterial Survival in Macrophages by Inducing Histone Hypermethylation in Autophagy-Related Genes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:676456. [PMID: 34381738 PMCID: PMC8350138 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.676456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) inhibits autophagy to promote its survival in host cells. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Mtb inhibits autophagy are poorly understood. Here, we report a previously unknown mechanism in which Mtb phosphoribosyltransferase (MtbPRT) inhibits autophagy in an mTOR, negative regulator of autophagy, independent manner by inducing histone hypermethylation (H3K9me2/3) at the Atg5 and Atg7 promoters by activating p38-MAPK- and EHMT2 methyltransferase-dependent signaling pathways. Additionally, we find that MtbPRT induces EZH2 methyltransferase-dependent H3K27me3 hypermethylation and reduces histone acetylation modifications (H3K9ac and H3K27ac) by upregulating histone deacetylase 3 to inhibit autophagy. In summary, this is the first demonstration that Mtb inhibits autophagy by inducing histone hypermethylation in autophagy-related genes to promote intracellular bacterial survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srabasti Sengupta
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Barsa Nayak
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
| | - Michael Meuli
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Sander
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Snehasish Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Avinash Sonawane
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore, India
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19
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Luo Y, Huang Z, Mou T, Pu J, Li T, Li Z, Yang H, Yan P, Wu Z, Wu Q. SET8 mitigates hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing MARK4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Life Sci 2021; 273:119286. [PMID: 33662429 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a critical factor affecting the prognosis of liver surgery. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of SET8 on hepatic I/R injury and the putative mechanisms. MAIN METHODS The expression of SET8 and MARK4 in I/R group and sham group were detected both in vivo and in vitro. In addition, mouse and RAW 264.7 cells were transfected with MARK4 siRNA and SET8 siRNA knockdown of MARK4 and SET8, respectively. The expression of SET8, MARK4 and NLRP3-associated proteins were detected after different treatments. The pathology of liver and the serologic detection were detected after different treatments. KEY FINDINGS Our present study identified SET domain-containing protein 8 (SET8) as an efficient protein, which can negatively regulate hepatic I/R-mediated inflammatory response and ameliorate hepatic I/R injury by suppressing microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4 (MARK4)/ NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. The data showed that MARK4 deficiency inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation, while SET8 deficiency showed the opposite effect. We further demonstrated that SET8 restrained NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting MARK4. Moreover, we verified SET8 made protective effect on hepatic I/R injury. SIGNIFICANCE SET8 plays an essential role in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by suppressing MARK4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Our results may offer a new strategy to mitigate hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhai Luo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zuotian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Mou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junliang Pu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongtang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongjun Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Mei HX, Chen YL, Shi PL, Yang SR, Xu X, He JZ. [Advances in oral bacteria influencing host epigenetic regulation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2020; 38:583-588. [PMID: 33085246 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetics refers to a steady change in the level of gene expression caused by non-DNA sequence changes. Microbes can modulate host inflammation through epigenetic pathways to evade or expend immune responses. As an important part of human microbes, oral bacteria also have various epigenetic regulation mechanisms to affect host inflammatory responses. This article reviews the common pathways of epigenetic regulation in microbe infection and the regulation of host epigenetics by using oral microbes to provide a reference for the study of epigenetic-related mechanisms in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Xiang Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pei-Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Si-Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin-Zhi He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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21
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Tarashi S, Badi SA, Moshiri A, Ebrahimzadeh N, Fateh A, Vaziri F, Aazami H, Siadat SD, Fuso A. The inter-talk between Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenomics 2020; 12:455-469. [PMID: 32267165 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics regulate gene function without any alteration in the DNA sequence. The epigenetics represent one of the most important regulators in different cellular processes and have initially been developed in microorganisms as a protective strategy. The evaluation of the epigenetic mechanisms is also important in achieving an efficient control strategy in tuberculosis (TB). TB is one of the most significant epidemiological concerns in human history. Despite several in vivo and in vitro studies that have evaluated different epigenetic modifications in TB, many aspects of the association between epigenetics and TB are not fully understood. The current paper is aimed at reviewing our knowledge on histone modifications and DNA methylation modifications, as well as miRNAs regulation in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Tarashi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Ahmadi Badi
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arfa Moshiri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology & Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Institute Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nayereh Ebrahimzadeh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Fateh
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzam Vaziri
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Aazami
- Endocrinology & Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology & Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Davar Siadat
- Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Mycobacteriology & Pulmonary Research Department, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinologyand Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Andrea Fuso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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22
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Fasting Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting SET8 Expression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:3985089. [PMID: 32273943 PMCID: PMC7115168 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3985089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening cancer, and the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/antioxidant response element (ARE) signalling pathway plays a crucial role in apoptosis resistance in cancer cells. Fasting is reported to mediate tumour growth reduction and apoptosis. SET8 is involved in cancer proliferation, invasiveness, and migration. However, whether SET8 participates in fasting-mediated apoptosis in HCC remains unclear. Methods We used immunohistochemical staining to analyse the expression of SET8, Keap1, and Nrf2 in HCC tissues. Cell viability, apoptosis, and cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assessed, and Western blot and qPCR analyses were used to examine the expression of Keap1/Nrf2 in HCC cells under fasting, SET8 overexpression, and PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1In vivo experiments were performed to verify the conclusions from the in vitro experiments. Results Our data indicate that SET8 expression is associated with poor survival in HCC patients. Both in vitro experiments. in vivo experiments were performed to verify the conclusions from the α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1 Conclusions The results of our study demonstrate that fasting induces HCC apoptosis by inhibiting SET8 expression and that SET8 interacts with PGC1α to activate the Nrf2/ARE signalling pathway by inhibiting Keap1 expression.α overexpression conditions. Mass spectrometry, coimmunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy were used to determine whether PGC1
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23
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Lérias JR, de Sousa E, Paraschoudi G, Martins J, Condeço C, Figueiredo N, Carvalho C, Dodoo E, Maia A, Castillo-Martin M, Beltrán A, Ligeiro D, Rao M, Zumla A, Maeurer M. Trained Immunity for Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2924. [PMID: 31998254 PMCID: PMC6967396 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Memory formation, guided by microbial ligands, has been reported for innate immune cells. Epigenetic imprinting plays an important role herein, involving histone modification after pathogen-/danger-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/DAMPs) recognition by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Such "trained immunity" affects not only the nominal target pathogen, yet also non-related targets that may be encountered later in life. The concept of trained innate immunity warrants further exploration in cancer and how these insights can be implemented in immunotherapeutic approaches. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of innate immune memory and we reference new findings in this field, highlighting the observations of trained immunity in monocytic and natural killer cells. We also provide a brief overview of trained immunity in non-immune cells, such as stromal cells and fibroblasts. Finally, we present possible strategies based on trained innate immunity that may help to devise host-directed immunotherapies focusing on cancer, with possible extension to infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana R Lérias
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eric de Sousa
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - João Martins
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Nuno Figueiredo
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlos Carvalho
- Digestive Unit, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Ernest Dodoo
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Maia
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Mireia Castillo-Martin
- Molecular and Experimental Pathology Laboratory, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Beltrán
- Department of Pathology, Champalimaud Clinical Centre, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dário Ligeiro
- Lisbon Centre for Blood and Transplantation, Instituto Português do Sangue e Transplantação, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Martin Rao
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Markus Maeurer
- ImmunoSurgery Unit, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Eastman AJ, Xu J, Bermik J, Potchen N, den Dekker A, Neal LM, Zhao G, Malachowski A, Schaller M, Kunkel S, Osterholzer JJ, Kryczek I, Olszewski MA. Epigenetic stabilization of DC and DC precursor classical activation by TNFα contributes to protective T cell polarization. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaaw9051. [PMID: 31840058 PMCID: PMC6892624 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaw9051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modifications play critical roles in inducing long-lasting immunological memory in innate immune cells, termed trained immunity. Whether similar epigenetic mechanisms regulate dendtritic cell (DC) function to orchestrate development of adaptive immunity remains unknown. We report that DCs matured with IFNγ and TNFα or matured in the lungs during invasive fungal infection with endogenous TNFα acquired a stable TNFα-dependent DC1 program, rendering them resistant to both antigen- and cytokine-induced alternative activation. TNFα-programmed DC1 had increased association of H3K4me3 with DC1 gene promoter regions. Furthermore, MLL1 inhibition blocked TNFα-mediated DC1 phenotype stabilization. During IFI, TNFα-programmed DC1s were required for the development of sustained TH1/TH17 protective immunity, and bone marrow pre-DCs exhibited TNFα-dependent preprogramming, supporting continuous generation of programmed DC1 throughout the infection. TNFα signaling, associated with epigenetic activation of DC1 genes particularly via H3K4me3, critically contributes to generation and sustenance of type 1/17 adaptive immunity and the immune protection against persistent infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Eastman
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jintao Xu
- Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Jennifer Bermik
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Aaron den Dekker
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lori M. Neal
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Guolei Zhao
- Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | | | - Matt Schaller
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven Kunkel
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - John J. Osterholzer
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ilona Kryczek
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Michal A. Olszewski
- Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Ann Arbor VA Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Abstract
Aim: The druggability of epigenetic targets has prompted researchers to develop small-molecule therapeutics. However, no systematic assessment has ever been done to investigate the chemical space of epigenetic modulators. Herein, we report a comprehensive chemoinformatic analysis of epigenetic ligands from EpiDBase, HEMD, ChEMBL and PubChem databases. Results: Nearly, 0.45 × 106 ligands were analyzed for assay interference compounds, target profiling, drug-like properties and hit prioritization. After eliminating approximately 96,000 problematic compounds, the remaining 0.36 × 106 compounds were studied for their physicochemical distributions, principal component analysis and hit prioritization. More than 30% of assay interference compounds were determined for many proteins. Conclusion: This systematic assessment of epigenetic ligands will help in the enrichment of screening libraries with high-quality compounds and thus, the generation of efficacious drug candidates.
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Sun P, Zhang SJ, Maksim S, Yao YF, Liu HM, Du J. Epigenetic Modification in Macrophages: A Promising Target for Tumor and Inflammation-associated Disease Therapy. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1350-1362. [PMID: 31215380 DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190619143706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Macrophages are essential for supporting tissue homeostasis, regulating immune response, and promoting tumor progression. Due to its heterogeneity, macrophages have different phenotypes and functions in various tissues and diseases. It is becoming clear that epigenetic modification playing an essential role in determining the biological behavior of cells. In particular, changes of DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation regulated by the corresponding epigenetic enzymes, can directly control macrophages differentiation and change their functions under different conditions. In addition, epigenetic enzymes also have become anti-tumor targets, such as HDAC, LSD1, DNMT, and so on. In this review, we presented an overview of the latest progress in the study of macrophages phenotype and function regulated by epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to better understand how epigenetic modification controls macrophages phenotype and function in inflammation-associated diseases, and the application prospect in anti-tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu-Jing Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Semenov Maksim
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yong-Fang Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Min Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Henan Province for New Drug R & D and Preclinical Safety, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juan Du
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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28
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Ma L, Niu W, Lv J, Jia J, Zhu M, Yang S. PGC-1α-Mediated Mitochondrial Biogenesis is Involved in Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Agonist AM1241-Induced Microglial Phenotype Amelioration. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:1529-1537. [PMID: 30315387 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-018-0628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cannabinoid type 2 receptor (CB2R) agonist AM1241 induces anti-inflammation by ameliorating microglial phenotypes, the mechanism, however, is still unknown. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) is a transcription protein which can regulate mitochondrial biogenesis, and the aim of this study is to investigate whether PGC-1α is involved in AM1241-induced anti-inflammation in N9 microglial cells. We used 10 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus 10 U/ml interferon γ (IFNγ) to activate microglia into classic activated phenotype (M1 phenotype), and found that co-administration of 10 µM AM1241 increased the expressions of mitochondria biogenesis-associated proteins, including nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF-1), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and COX IV, and up-regulated the biomarker levels of microglial M2 phenotype, including arginase 1 (Arg-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and down-regulated biomarker levels of M1 phenotype, including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), compared to the cells treated with LPS plus IFNγ only (P < 0.05). By using PGC-1α-siRNA, however, we found that down-regulation of PGC-1α significantly reversed the AM1241-induced effects above (P < 0.05). According to the results in this study, we found that PGC-1α may mediate CB2R agonist AM1241-induced anti-inflammation in N9 microglial cells, and the mechanism might be associated with the enhancement of mitochondria biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Wen Niu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jianrui Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Ji Jia
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Miaozhang Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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