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Montel-Hagen A, Sun V, Casero D, Tsai S, Zampieri A, Jackson N, Li S, Lopez S, Zhu Y, Chick B, He C, de Barros SC, Seet CS, Crooks GM. In Vitro Recapitulation of Murine Thymopoiesis from Single Hematopoietic Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108320. [PMID: 33113379 PMCID: PMC7727762 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a serum-free, 3D murine artificial thymic organoid (M-ATO)
system that mimics normal murine thymopoiesis with the production of all T cell
stages, from early thymic progenitors to functional single-positive (CD8SP and
CD4SP) TCRαβ and TCRγδ cells. RNA sequencing aligns
M-ATO-derived populations with phenotypically identical primary thymocytes.
M-ATOs initiated with Rag1−/− marrow
produce the same differentiation block as seen in the endogenous thymus, and
Notch signaling patterns in M-ATOs mirror primary thymopoiesis. M-ATOs initiated
with defined hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and lymphoid progenitors from
marrow and thymus generate each of the downstream differentiation stages,
allowing the kinetics of T cell differentiation to be tracked. Remarkably,
single HSCs deposited into each M-ATO generate the complete trajectory of T cell
differentiation, producing diverse TCR repertoires across clones that largely
match endogenous thymus. M-ATOs represent a highly reproducible and efficient
experimental platform for the interrogation of clonal thymopoiesis from
HSCs. Montel-Hagen et al. develop a murine artificial thymic organoid (M-ATO)
system to reproduce thymopoiesis in vitro from bone marrow stem
and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This method efficiently recapitulates the
phenotypic and transcriptional features of normal murine T cell development even
when initiated with a single HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Montel-Hagen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Victoria Sun
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Casero
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steven Tsai
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandre Zampieri
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Jackson
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suwen Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Lopez
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yuhua Zhu
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brent Chick
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Chongbin He
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stéphanie C de Barros
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christopher S Seet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gay M Crooks
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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2
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Hahn AM, Winkler TH. Resolving the mystery-How TCR transgenic mouse models shed light on the elusive case of gamma delta T cells. J Leukoc Biol 2020; 107:993-1007. [PMID: 32068302 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1mr0120-237r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutting-edge questions in αβ T cell biology were addressed by investigating a range of different genetically modified mouse models. In comparison, the γδ T cell field lacks behind on the availability of such models. Nevertheless, transgenic mouse models proved useful for the investigation of γδ T cell biology and their stepwise development in the thymus. In general, animal models and especially mouse models give access to a wide range of opportunities of modulating γδ T cells, which is unachievable in human beings. Because of their complex biology and specific tissue tropism, it is especially challenging to investigate γδ T cells in in vitro experiments since they might not reliably reflect their behavior and phenotype under physiologic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive historical overview about how different transgenic mouse models contributed in regards of the understanding of γδ T cell biology, whereby a special focus is set on studies including the elusive role of the γδTCR. Furthermore, evolutionary and translational remarks are discussed under the aspect of future implications for the field. The ultimate full understanding of γδ T cells will pave the way for their usage as a powerful new tool in immunotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cell Movement
- Founder Effect
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic/genetics
- Mice, Transgenic/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- Species Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/classification
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Hahn
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas H Winkler
- Department of Biology, Division of Genetics, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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3
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NKT Cells in Mice Originate from Cytoplasmic CD3-Positive, CD4 -CD8 - Double-Negative Thymocytes that Express CD44 and IL-7Rα. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1874. [PMID: 30755654 PMCID: PMC6372634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37811-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural killer T cells (NKT cells) are thought to be generated from CD4+CD8+ (DP) thymocytes, the developmental origin of CD4−CD8− (DN) NKT cells has remained unclear. In this study, we found the level of NK1.1 expression was highest in DN cells, followed by CD4 and CD8 (SP) and DP cells. The level of NK1.1 expression was highest in CD44+CD25− (DN1) cells, after that CD44+CD25+ (DN2), finally, CD44−CD25− (DN3) and CD44− CD25+ (DN4) cells. Unexpectedly, cytoplasmic CD3 was not only expressed in SP and DP thymocytes but also in most DN thymocytes at various stages. The mean fluorescence of cytoplasmic and surface CD3 in DN cells was significantly lower than in mature (SP) T and NKT cells in the thymus and spleen. Interestingly, there were more NKT cells in DN-cytoplasmic CD3 expression cells was higher than in DN-surface CD3 expression cells. There were more CD3-NKT cells in DN1 thymocytes than in TCR-β-NKT cells. NKT cells expressed higher levels of IL-7Rα which was correlated with CD44 expression in the thymus. Our data suggest that T cells and NKT cells follow similar patterns of expression with respect to cytoplasmic and surface CD3. Cytoplasmic CD3 could be used as a marker for early stage T cells. Both cytoplasmic CD3 and surface CD3 were expressed in mature T cells and immature T cells, including the immature cytoplasmic CD3+ surface CD3− and surface CD3+TCR-β− cells in DN1-NKT thymocytes. CD44 could be used as an additional marker of NKT cells which may originate from cytoplasmic CD3-positive DN thymocytes that express CD44 and IL-7Rα in mice.
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4
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Vogel KU, Bell LS, Galloway A, Ahlfors H, Turner M. The RNA-Binding Proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 Enforce the Thymic β-Selection Checkpoint by Limiting DNA Damage Response Signaling and Cell Cycle Progression. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 197:2673-2685. [PMID: 27566829 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The RNA-binding proteins Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 act redundantly to enforce the β-selection checkpoint during thymopoiesis, yet their molecular targets remain largely unknown. In this study, we identify these targets on a genome-wide scale in primary mouse thymocytes and show that Zfp36l1/l2 regulate DNA damage response and cell cycle transcripts to ensure proper β-selection. Double-negative 3 thymocytes lacking Zfp36l1/l2 share a gene expression profile with postselected double-negative 3b cells despite the absence of intracellular TCRβ and reduced IL-7 signaling. Our findings show that in addition to controlling the timing of proliferation at β-selection, posttranscriptional control by Zfp36l1/l2 limits DNA damage responses, which are known to promote thymocyte differentiation. Zfp36l1/l2 therefore act as posttranscriptional safeguards against chromosomal instability and replication stress by integrating pre-TCR and IL-7 signaling with DNA damage and cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lewis S Bell
- Dept. of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC-Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Alison Galloway
- Centre for Gene Regulation and Expression, School of Life Science, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Helena Ahlfors
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
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5
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Abstract
T cell progenitors are known to arise from the foetal liver in embryos and the bone marrow in adults; however different studies have shown that a pool of T cell progenitors may also exist in the periphery. Here, we identified a lymphoid population resembling peripheral T cell progenitors which transiently seed the epidermis during late embryogenesis in both wild-type and T cell-deficient mice. We named these cells ELCs (Epidermal Lymphoid Cells). ELCs expressed Thy1 and CD2, but lacked CD3 and TCRαβ/γδ at their surface, reminiscent of the phenotype of extra- or intra- thymic T cell progenitors. Similarly to Dendritic Epidermal T Cells (DETCs), ELCs were radioresistant and capable of self-renewal. However, despite their progenitor-like phenotype and expression of T cell lineage markers within the population, ELCs did not differentiate into conventional T cells or DETCs in in vitro, ex vivo or in vivo differentiation assays. Finally, we show that ELC expressed NK markers and secreted IFN-γ upon stimulation. Therefore we report the discovery of a unique population of lymphoid cells within the murine epidermis that appears related to NK cells with as-yet-unidentified functions.
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6
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Chapman JC, Chapman FM, Michael SD. The production of alpha/beta and gamma/delta double negative (DN) T-cells and their role in the maintenance of pregnancy. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2015; 13:73. [PMID: 26164866 PMCID: PMC4499209 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-015-0073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability of the thymus gland to convert bone marrow-derived progenitor cells into single positive (SP) T-cells is well known. In this review we present evidence that the thymus, in addition to producing SP T-cells, also has a pathway for the production of double negative (DN) T-cells. The existence of this pathway was noted during our examination of relevant literature to determine the cause of sex steroid-induced thymocyte loss. In conducting this search our objective was to answer the question of whether thymocyte loss is the end product of a typical interaction between the reproductive and immune systems, or evidence that the two systems are incompatible. We can now report that "thymocyte loss" is a normal process that occurs during the production of DN T-cells. The DN T-cell pathway is unique in that it is mediated by thymic mast cells, and becomes functional following puberty. Sex steroids initiate the development of the pathway by binding to an estrogen receptor alpha located in the outer membrane of the mast cells, causing their activation. This results in their uptake of extracellular calcium, and the production and subsequent release of histamine and serotonin. Lymphatic vessels, located in the subcapsular region of the thymus, respond to the two vasodilators by undergoing a substantial and preferential uptake of gamma/delta and alpha/beta DN T- cells. These T- cells exit the thymus via efferent lymphatic vessels and enter the lymphatic system.The DN pathway is responsible for the production of three subsets of gamma/delta DN T-cells and one subset of alpha/beta DN T-cells. In postpubertal animals approximately 35 % of total thymocytes exit the thymus as DN T-cells, regardless of sex. In pregnant females, their levels undergo a dramatic increase. Gamma/delta DN T-cells produce cytokines that are essential for the maintenance of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Fae M Chapman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902-6000, USA.
| | - Sandra D Michael
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York, 13902-6000, USA.
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7
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Boudil A, Skhiri L, Candéias S, Pasqualetto V, Legrand A, Bedora-Faure M, Gautreau-Rolland L, Rocha B, Ezine S. Single-cell analysis of thymocyte differentiation: identification of transcription factor interactions and a major stochastic component in αβ-lineage commitment. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73098. [PMID: 24098325 PMCID: PMC3787938 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell commitment and αβ/γδ lineage specification in the thymus involves interactions between many different genes. Characterization of these interactions thus requires a multiparameter analysis of individual thymocytes. We developed two efficient single-cell methods: (i) the quantitative evaluation of the co-expression levels of nine different genes, with a plating efficiency of 99–100% and a detection limit of 2 mRNA molecules/cell; and (ii) single-cell differentiation cultures, in the presence of OP9 cells transfected with the thymus Notch1 ligand DeltaL4. We show that during T cell commitment, Gata3 has a fundamental, dose-dependent role in maintaining Notch1 expression, with thymocytes becoming T-cell-committed when they co-express Notch1, Gata3 and Bc11b. Of the transcription factor expression patterns studied here, only that of Bcl11b was suggestive of a role in Pu1 down-regulation. Individual thymocytes became αβ/γδ lineage-committed at very different stages (from the TN2a stage onwards). However, 20% of TN3 cells are not αβ/γδ-lineage committed and TN4 cells comprise two main subpopulations with different degrees of maturity. The existence of a correlation between differentiation potential and expression of the pre-TCR showed that 83% of αβ-committed cells do not express the pre-TCR and revealed a major stochastic component in αβ-lineage specification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amine Boudil
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Lamia Skhiri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Serge Candéias
- Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Laboratoire de Chimie et Biologie des Métaux, UMR 549 Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France
| | - Valérie Pasqualetto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Agnès Legrand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Marie Bedora-Faure
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Gautreau-Rolland
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Benedita Rocha
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Ezine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1020, and Université Paris Descartes, Unité Mixte de Recherche, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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8
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Braunstein M, Anderson MK. Developmental progression of fetal HEB(-/-) precursors to the pre-T-cell stage is restored by HEBAlt. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:3173-82. [PMID: 21061441 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 08/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gene knockout studies have shown that the E-protein transcription factor HEB is required for normal thymocyte development. We have identified a unique form of HEB, called HEBAlt, which is expressed only during the early stages of T-cell development, whereas HEBCan is expressed throughout T-cell development. Here, we show that HEB(-/-) precursors are inhibited at the β-selection checkpoint of T-cell development due to impaired expression of pTα and function of CD3ε, both of which are necessary for pre-TCR signaling. Transgenic expression of HEBAlt in HEB(-/-) precursors, however, upregulated pTα and allowed development to CD4(+) CD8(+) stage in fetal thymocytes. Moreover, HEBAlt did overcome the CD3ε signaling defect in HEB(-/-) Rag-1(-/-) thymocytes. The HEBAlt transgene did not permit Rag-1(-/-) precursors to bypass β-selection, indicating that it was not acting as a dominant negative inhibitor of other E-proteins. Therefore, our results provide the first mechanistic evidence that HEBAlt plays a critical role in early T-cell development and show that it can collaborate with fetal thymic stromal elements to create a regulatory environment that supports T-cell development past the β-selection checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsela Braunstein
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Do JS, Fink PJ, Li L, Spolski R, Robinson J, Leonard WJ, Letterio JJ, Min B. Cutting edge: spontaneous development of IL-17-producing gamma delta T cells in the thymus occurs via a TGF-beta 1-dependent mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:1675-9. [PMID: 20061408 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In naive animals, gammadelta T cells are innate sources of IL-17, a potent proinflammatory cytokine mediating bacterial clearance as well as autoimmunity. However, mechanisms underlying the generation of these cells in vivo remain unclear. In this study, we show that TGF-beta1 plays a key role in the generation of IL-17(+) gammadelta T cells and that it mainly occurs in the thymus particularly during the postnatal period. Interestingly, IL-17(+) gammadelta TCR(+) thymocytes were mainly CD44(high)CD25(low) cells, which seem to derive from double-negative 4 gammadelta TCR(+) cells that acquired CD44 and IL-17 expression. Our findings identify a novel developmental pathway during which IL-17-competent gammadelta T cells arise in the thymus by a TGF-beta1-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-su Do
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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10
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Blossom SJ, Doss JC. Trichloroethylene alters central and peripheral immune function in autoimmune-prone MRL(+/+) mice following continuous developmental and early life exposure. J Immunotoxicol 2009; 4:129-41. [PMID: 18958721 DOI: 10.1080/15476910701337035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichloroethylene (TCE) is a widespread environmental toxicant known to promote CD4(+) T-lymphocyte activation, IFNgamma production, and autoimmunity in adult MRL(+/+) mice. Because developing tissues may be more sensitive to toxicant exposure, it was hypothesized that continuous TCE exposure beginning at conception might induce even more pronounced CD4(+) T-lymphocyte effects and exacerbate the development of autoimmunity in MRL(+/+) mice. In the current study, MRL(+/+) mice were exposed to occupationally-relevant doses of TCE from conception until adulthood (i.e., 7-8 wk-of-age). The CD4(+) T-lymphocyte effects in the thymus and periphery were evaluated, as well as serum antibody levels. TCE exposure altered the number of thymocyte subsets, and reduced the capacity of the most immature CD4-/CD8- thymocytes to undergo apoptosis in vitro. In the periphery, T-lymphocyte IFN(gamma) production was monitored in the blood prior to sacrifice by intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometry. TCE induced a dose-dependent increase in T-lymphocyte IFN(gamma) as early as 4-5-week-of-age. However, these effects were transient, and not observed in splenic T-lymphocytes in 7-8-week-old mice. In contrast, the serum levels of anti-histone autoantibodies and total IgG(2a) were significantly elevated in the TCE-exposed offspring. The data illustrated that occupationally-relevant doses of TCE administered throughout development until adulthood affected central and peripheral immune function in association with early signs of autoimmunity. Future studies will address the possibility that early-life exposure to TCE may alter some aspect of self tolerance in the thymus, leading to autoimmune disease later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Blossom
- Department of Pediatrics, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences College of Medicine, Little Rock, Arkansas 72202, USA.
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11
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12
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Kreslavsky T, Garbe AI, Krueger A, von Boehmer H. T cell receptor-instructed alphabeta versus gammadelta lineage commitment revealed by single-cell analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:1173-86. [PMID: 18443226 PMCID: PMC2373848 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20072425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
alphabeta and gammadelta T cell lineages develop in the thymus from a common precursor. It is unclear at which stage of development commitment to these lineages takes place and in which way T cell receptor signaling contributes to the process. Recently, it was demonstrated that strong TCR signals favor gammadelta lineage development, whereas weaker TCR signals promote alphabeta lineage fate. Two models have been proposed to explain these results. The first model suggests that commitment occurs after TCR expression and TCR signaling directly instructs lymphocytes to adopt one or the other lineage fate. The second model suggests that commitment occurs before TCR expression and that TCR signaling merely confirms the lineage choice. By tracing the fate of single T cell precursors, this study shows that there is no commitment to either the alphabeta or gammadelta lineage before TCR expression and that modulation of TCR signaling in progeny of a single TCR-expressing cell changes lineage commitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taras Kreslavsky
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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13
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Core binding factors are necessary for natural killer cell development and cooperate with Notch signaling during T-cell specification. Blood 2008; 112:480-92. [PMID: 18390836 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2007-10-120261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
CBFbeta is the non-DNA binding subunit of the core binding factors (CBFs). Mice with reduced CBFbeta levels display profound, early defects in T-cell but not B-cell development. Here we show that CBFbeta is also required at very early stages of natural killer (NK)-cell development. We also demonstrate that T-cell development aborts during specification, as the expression of Gata3 and Tcf7, which encode key regulators of T lineage specification, is substantially reduced, as are functional thymic progenitors. Constitutively active Notch or IL-7 signaling cannot restore T-cell expansion or differentiation of CBFbeta insufficient cells, nor can overexpression of Runx1 or CBFbeta overcome a lack of Notch signaling. Therefore, the ability of the prethymic cell to respond appropriately to Notch is dependent on CBFbeta, and both signals converge to activate the T-cell developmental program.
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14
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Riera-Sans L, Behrens A. Regulation of alphabeta/gammadelta T cell development by the activator protein 1 transcription factor c-Jun. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:5690-700. [PMID: 17442952 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.9.5690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
c-Jun is a member of the AP-1 family of transcription factors, the activity of which is strongly augmented by TCR signaling. To elucidate the functions of c-Jun in mouse thymic lymphopoiesis, we conditionally inactivated c-Jun specifically during early T cell development. The loss of c-Jun resulted in enhanced generation of gammadelta T cells, whereas alphabeta T cell development was partially arrested at the double-negative 3 stage. The increased generation of gammadelta T cells by loss of c-Jun was cell autonomous, because in a competitive reconstitution experiment the knockout-derived cells produced more gammadelta T cells than did the control cells. C-jun-deficient immature T cells failed to efficiently repress transcription of IL-7Ralpha, resulting in augmented IL-7Ralpha mRNA and surface levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed binding of c-Jun to AP-1 binding sites present in the IL-7Ralpha promoter, indicating direct transcriptional regulation. Thus, c-Jun controls the transcription of IL-7Ralpha and is a novel regulator of the alphabeta/gammadelta T cell development.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Integrases/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Receptors, Interleukin-7/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Riera-Sans
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research, Mammalian Genetics Laboratory, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, UK
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15
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Anderson SJ, Lauritsen JPH, Hartman MG, Foushee AMD, Lefebvre JM, Shinton SA, Gerhardt B, Hardy RR, Oravecz T, Wiest DL. Ablation of ribosomal protein L22 selectively impairs alphabeta T cell development by activation of a p53-dependent checkpoint. Immunity 2007; 26:759-72. [PMID: 17555992 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2007.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2006] [Revised: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 04/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The alphabeta and gammadelta T lineages are thought to arise from a common precursor; however, the regulation of separation and development of these lineages is not fully understood. We report here that development of alphabeta and gammadelta precursors was differentially affected by elimination of ribosomal protein L22 (Rpl22), which is ubiquitously expressed but not essential for translation. Rpl22 deficiency selectively arrested development of alphabeta-lineage T cells at the beta-selection checkpoint by inducing their death. The death was caused by induction of p53 expression, because p53 deficiency blocked death and restored development of Rpl22-deficient thymocytes. Importantly, Rpl22 deficiency led to selective upregulation of p53 in alphabeta-lineage thymocytes, at least in part by increasing p53 synthesis. Taken together, these data indicate that Rpl22 deficiency activated a p53-dependent checkpoint that produced a remarkably selective block in alphabeta T cell development but spared gammadelta-lineage cells, suggesting that some ribosomal proteins may perform cell-type-specific or stage-specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Anderson
- Division of Immunology and Hematology, Lexicon Genetics, Inc., 8800 Technology Forest Place, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
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16
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Hager-Theodorides AL, Rowbotham NJ, Outram SV, Dessens JT, Crompton T. Beta-selection: abundance of TCRbeta-/gammadelta- CD44- CD25- (DN4) cells in the foetal thymus. Eur J Immunol 2007; 37:487-500. [PMID: 17273993 PMCID: PMC2651467 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of TCRβ and pre-TCR signalling are essential for differentiation of CD4–CD8– double negative (DN) thymocytes to the CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) stage. Thymocyte development in adult Rag1, Rag2 or TCRβδ-deficient mice is arrested at the DN3 stage leading to the assumption that pre-TCR signalling and β-selection occur at, and are obligatory for, the transition from DN3 to DN4. We show that the majority of DN3 and DN4 cells that differentiate during early embryogenesis in wild-type mice do not express intracellular (ic) TCRβ/γδ. These foetal icTCRβ−/γδ− DN4 cells were T lineage as determined by expression of Thy1 and icCD3 and TCRβ DJ rearrangement. In addition, in the foetal Rag1–/– thymus, a normal percentage of DN4 cells were present. In wild-type mice after hydrocortisone-induced synchronisation of differentiation, the majority of DN4 cells that first emerged did not express icTCRβ/γδ, showing that adult thymocytes can also differentiate to the DN4 stage independently of pre-TCR signalling. Pre-TCR signalling induced expansion in the DN4 population, but lack of TCRβ/γδ expression did not immediately induce apoptosis. Our data demonstrate in vivo differentiation from DN3 to DN4 cell in the absence of TCRβ/γδ expression in the foetal thymus, and after hydrocortisone treatment of adult mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicola J Rowbotham
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Susan V Outram
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Johannes T Dessens
- Department of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondon, UK
| | - Tessa Crompton
- Division of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondon, UK
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17
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Narayan K, Kang J. Molecular events that regulate alphabeta versus gammadelta T cell lineage commitment: old suspects, new players and different game plans. Curr Opin Immunol 2007; 19:169-75. [PMID: 17291740 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2007.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 01/26/2007] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The divergence of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells from a common precursor in the thymus is regulated by multiple cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic factors, most of which are not well defined. Recent studies have provided crucial data regarding the precise timing of lineage commitment and some clarification on the extent of the involvement of Notch and T-cell receptor signaling in this process. Combined with new insights into the differential regulation of molecular pathways active in alphabeta and gammadelta precursors, these data have led to the generation of a revised model of lineage commitment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Lymphopoiesis/genetics
- Mice
- Multipotent Stem Cells/chemistry
- Multipotent Stem Cells/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Narayan
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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18
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Besseyrias V, Fiorini E, Strobl LJ, Zimber-Strobl U, Dumortier A, Koch U, Arcangeli ML, Ezine S, Macdonald HR, Radtke F. Hierarchy of Notch-Delta interactions promoting T cell lineage commitment and maturation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 204:331-43. [PMID: 17261636 PMCID: PMC2118717 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20061442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Notch1 (N1) receptor signaling is essential and sufficient for T cell development, and recently developed in vitro culture systems point to members of the Delta family as being the physiological N1 ligands. We explored the ability of Delta1 (DL1) and DL4 to induce T cell lineage commitment and/or maturation in vitro and in vivo from bone marrow (BM) precursors conditionally gene targeted for N1 and/or N2. In vitro DL1 can trigger T cell lineage commitment via either N1 or N2. N1- or N2-mediated T cell lineage commitment can also occur in the spleen after short-term BM transplantation. However, N2-DL1-mediated signaling does not allow further T cell maturation beyond the CD25(+) stage due to a lack of T cell receptor beta expression. In contrast to DL1, DL4 induces and supports T cell commitment and maturation in vitro and in vivo exclusively via specific interaction with N1. Moreover, comparative binding studies show preferential interaction of DL4 with N1, whereas binding of DL1 to N1 is weak. Interestingly, preferential N1-DL4 binding reflects reduced dependence of this interaction on Lunatic fringe, a glycosyl transferase that generally enhances the avidity of Notch receptors for Delta ligands. Collectively, our results establish a hierarchy of Notch-Delta interactions in which N1-DL4 exhibits the greatest capacity to induce and support T cell development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Besseyrias
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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19
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Ferrero I, Mancini SJC, Grosjean F, Wilson A, Otten L, MacDonald HR. TCRgamma silencing during alphabeta T cell development depends upon pre-TCR-induced proliferation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:6038-43. [PMID: 17056529 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.9.6038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During thymus development, immature T cells become committed to two distinct lineages based upon expression of alphabeta or gammadelta TCR. In the alphabeta lineage, developing thymocytes progressively extinguish transcription of the TCRgamma genes by a poorly understood process known as gamma silencing. We show that alphabeta lineage thymocytes in mice lacking a functional pre-TCR undergo limited proliferation and fail to silence TCRgamma genes during development. Stimulation of pre-TCR-deficient immature thymocytes with anti-CD3 Abs does not directly down-regulate TCRgamma transcription but restores TCRgamma silencing following proliferation. Collectively our data reveal an important role for pre-TCR induced proliferation in activating the TCRgamma silencer in alphabeta lineage thymocytes, a process that may reinforce alphabeta or gammadelta lineage commitment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- CD3 Complex/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Proliferation
- Gene Silencing
- Mice
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/agonists
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Silencer Elements, Transcriptional/genetics
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ferrero
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research-Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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20
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Hinton HJ, Clarke RG, Cantrell DA. Antigen receptor regulation of phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 pathways during thymocyte development. FEBS Lett 2006; 580:5845-50. [PMID: 17027005 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 09/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) is essential for T cell development but little is know about the stimuli that regulate PDK1 signaling in vivo. The thymus contains a heterogeneous mixture of cells at different stages of development making it difficult to use biochemical techniques to examine the activity of PDK1 pathways as thymocytes develop in situ. Herein, we use a single cell assay to quantify activation of the PDK1 target kinase ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) in different murine thymocyte subsets immediately ex vivo. This technique allows an assessment of S6K1 activation as thymocytes respond to developmental stimuli in vivo. These studies reveal that only a small percentage of thymocytes show evidence for activation of PDK1 mediated signaling in situ. The thymic subpopulations that contain active PDK1/S6K1 are those known to be responding to signaling by the pre T cell receptor and the mature alpha/beta T cell antigen receptor (TCR). Moreover, loss of antigen receptor signaling in T cell progenitors that cannot rearrange their TCR beta locus prevents in vivo activation of S6K1. The present data identifying antigen receptor signaling as a key activator of PDK1 mediated signaling afford a molecular explanation for the important role of this molecule in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Hinton
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Wellcome Trust Biocentre, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
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21
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David-Fung ES, Yui MA, Morales M, Wang H, Taghon T, Diamond RA, Rothenberg EV. Progression of regulatory gene expression states in fetal and adult pro-T-cell development. Immunol Rev 2006; 209:212-36. [PMID: 16448545 PMCID: PMC4157939 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2006.00355.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Precursors entering the T-cell developmental pathway traverse a progression of states characterized by distinctive patterns of gene expression. Of particular interest are regulatory genes, which ultimately control the dwell time of cells in each state and establish the mechanisms that propel them forward to subsequent states. Under particular genetic and developmental circumstances, the transitions between these states occur with different timing, and environmental feedbacks may shift the steady-state accumulations of cells in each state. The fetal transit through pro-T-cell stages is faster than in the adult and subject to somewhat different genetic requirements. To explore causes of such variation, this review presents previously unpublished data on differentiation gene activation in pro-T cells of pre-T-cell receptor-deficient mutant mice and a quantitative comparison of the profiles of transcription factor gene expression in pro-T-cell subsets of fetal and adult wildtype mice. Against a background of consistent gene expression, several regulatory genes show marked differences between fetal and adult expression profiles, including those encoding two basic helix-loop-helix antagonist Id factors, the Ets family factor SpiB and the Notch target gene Deltex1. The results also reveal global differences in regulatory alterations triggered by the first T-cell receptor-dependent selection events in fetal and adult thymopoiesis.
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22
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Prinz I, Sansoni A, Kissenpfennig A, Ardouin L, Malissen M, Malissen B. Visualization of the earliest steps of γδ T cell development in the adult thymus. Nat Immunol 2006; 7:995-1003. [PMID: 16878135 DOI: 10.1038/ni1371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2006] [Accepted: 07/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The checkpoint in gammadelta cell development that controls successful T cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements remains poorly characterized. Using mice expressing a reporter gene 'knocked into' the Tcrd constant region gene, we have characterized many of the events that mark the life of early gammadelta cells in the adult thymus. We identify the developmental stage during which the Tcrd locus 'opens' in early T cell progenitors and show that a single checkpoint controls gammadelta cell development during the penultimate CD4- CD8- stage. Passage through this checkpoint required the assembly of gammadelta TCR heterodimers on the cell surface and signaling via the Lat adaptor protein. In addition, we show that gammadelta selection triggered a phase of sustained proliferation similar to that induced by the pre-TCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immo Prinz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université de la Méditerranée, Case 906, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U631, Marseille, France
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23
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Taghon T, Yui MA, Pant R, Diamond RA, Rothenberg EV. Developmental and molecular characterization of emerging beta- and gammadelta-selected pre-T cells in the adult mouse thymus. Immunity 2006; 24:53-64. [PMID: 16413923 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2005.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2005] [Revised: 11/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The first checkpoint in T cell development, beta selection, has remained incompletely characterized for lack of specific surface markers. We show that CD27 is upregulated in DN3 thymocytes initiating beta selection, concomitant with intracellular TCR-beta expression. Clonal analysis determined that CD27high DN3 cells generate CD4+CD8+ progeny with more than 90% efficiency, faster and more efficiently than the CD27low majority. CD27 upregulation also occurs in gammadelta-selected DN3 thymocytes in TCR-beta-/- mice and in IL2-GFP transgenic reporter mice where GFP marks the earliest emerging TCR-gammadelta cells from DN3 thymocytes. With CD27 to distinguish pre- and postselection DN3 cells, a detailed gene expression analysis defined regulatory changes associated with checkpoint arrest, with beta selection, and with gammadelta selection. gammadelta selection induces higher CD5, Egr, and Runx3 expression as compared to beta selection, but it triggers less proliferation. Our results also reveal differences in Notch/Delta dependence at the earliest stages of divergence between developing alphabeta and gammadelta T-lineage cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Interleukin-2/genetics
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Notch/metabolism
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Transgenes
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/analysis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 7/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Taghon
- Division of Biology, MC 156-29, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
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24
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Penkov D, Di Rosa P, Fernandez Diaz L, Basso V, Ferretti E, Grassi F, Mondino A, Blasi F. Involvement of Prep1 in the alphabeta T-cell receptor T-lymphocytic potential of hematopoietic precursors. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 25:10768-81. [PMID: 16314502 PMCID: PMC1316969 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.25.24.10768-10781.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Prep1 is a homeodomain transcription factor that acts by dimerizing with Pbx. Since Prep1 null embryos die at gastrulation, we studied Prep1(i/i) hypomorphic mice to study the physiological role of Prep1. A low percentage of homozygous Prep1(i/i) mice survived at birth, and their postnatal functions could be investigated. Reduced Prep1 expression caused an abnormal thymic T-cell development: increased CD4(-) CD8(-) double-negative thymocytes, decrease in alphabetaTCR(high) cells (cells with high levels of the alphabetaTau-cell receptor [alphabetaTCR]) and CD4(+) and CD8(+) single-positive (SP) thymocytes, and increase in gammadeltaTCR cells. Peripheral lymphoid organs of Prep1(i/i) mice contained fewer alphabetaTCR mature T cells and more gammadeltaTCR T cells than wild-type littermates. Moreover, Prep1(i/i) CD4(+) CD8(+) double-positive thymocytes underwent more apoptosis, and SP thymocytes proliferated less than control littermates. Mice that were lethally irradiated and then had Prep1(i/i) fetal liver cells transplanted showed the same defects as the Prep1(i/i) mice did. Among PBC family members, Pbx2 and very low levels of Pbx3 were observed in the thymi of wild-type mice. In Prep1(i/i) mice, the level of Pbx2 protein was profoundly decreased, while for Pbx3 no definitive conclusion could be reached. Therefore, the deficient postnatal T-lymphocytic potential of the Prep1 hematopoietic progenitors depends on the combined, not compensated, absence of Prep1 and at least Pbx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Penkov
- Molecular Genetics Unit, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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25
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Busse CE, Krotkova A, Eichmann K. The TCRbeta enhancer is dispensable for the expression of rearranged TCRbeta genes in thymic DN2/DN3 populations but not at later stages. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 175:3067-74. [PMID: 16116195 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The Ebeta enhancer has been shown to be dispensable for germline transcription of nonrearranged TCRbeta segments but appears to be required for TCRbeta V to DJ rearrangement. Ebeta dependency of the subsequent expression of VDJ-rearranged TCRbeta genes in thymic subpopulations has so far not been analyzed. We generated transgenic mice, using a Vbeta8.2Dbeta1Jbeta1.3-rearranged TCRbeta bacterial artificial chromosome, which lacked Ebeta, and monitored transgene expression by flow cytometry using Vbeta-specific mAbs and an IRES-eGFP reporter. Transgene expression was found in double negative (DN)2 and DN3 but not at later stages of thymopoesis. There was no toxicity associated with the transgene given that apoptosis in DN3, DN4 was not increased, and the number of DN4 cells generated from DN3 cells in reaggregate thymic organ cultures was not diminished. The transgenic TCRbeta gave rise to a pre-TCR, as suggested by its ability to suppress endogenous TCRbeta rearrangement, to facilitate beta-selection on a TCRbeta-deficient background and to inhibit gammadelta T cell lineage development. The results suggest that the Vbeta8.2 promoter is sufficient to drive expression of rearranged TCRbeta VDJ genes Ebeta independently in DN2/DN3 but not at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian E Busse
- Department of Cellular Immunology, Max-Planck-Institute of Immunobiology, Freiburg, Germany
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26
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Balciunaite G, Ceredig R, Fehling HJ, Zúñiga-Pflücker JC, Rolink AG. The role of Notch and IL-7 signaling in early thymocyte proliferation and differentiation. Eur J Immunol 2005; 35:1292-300. [PMID: 15770699 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200425822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the roles of Notch and IL-7 signaling in the proliferation and differentiation of mouse progenitor thymocyte subpopulations cultured on Notch delta-like-1 ligand-expressing OP9 stromal cells. Using bulk and limiting dilution cultures, we show that DN1 and DN2 cells require both Notch and IL-7 signaling for efficient proliferation and differentiation into cytoplasmic TCRbeta and surface TCRalpha/beta and TCRgamma/delta expressing T cells. Selection for cytoplasmic TCRbeta-positive cells is dependent on preTalpha expression. Both gamma/delta and alpha/beta TCR expressing T cells arising in culture can be efficiently stimulated by anti-CD3 cross-linking, suggesting that they might be functional. The differentiation of adult, but not fetal, DN1 and DN2 thymocytes into CD4 and/or CD8 expressing cells is inhibited by IL-7. Finally, efficient proliferation and differentiation of DN3 cells requires Notch signaling and preTCR expression, but is independent of IL-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Balciunaite
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DKBW), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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27
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Goux D, Coudert JD, Maurice D, Scarpellino L, Jeannet G, Piccolo S, Weston K, Huelsken J, Held W. Cooperating pre-T-cell receptor and TCF-1-dependent signals ensure thymocyte survival. Blood 2005; 106:1726-33. [PMID: 15890681 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-01-0337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrathymic T-cell maturation critically depends on the selective expansion of thymocytes expressing a functionally rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain. In addition, TCR-independent signals also contribute to normal T-cell development. It is unclear whether and how signals from the 2 types of pathways are integrated. Here, we show that T-cell factor-1 (TCF-1), a nuclear effector of the canonical wingless/int (wnt)/catenin signaling pathway, ensures the survival of proliferating, pre-TCR(+) thymocytes. The survival of pre-TCR(+) thymocytes requires the presence of the N-terminal catenin-binding domain in TCF-1. This domain can bind the transcriptional coactivator beta-catenin and may also bind gamma-catenin (plakoglobin). However, in the absence of gamma-catenin, T-cell development is normal, supporting a role for beta-catenin. Signaling competent beta-catenin is present prior to and thus arises independently from pre-TCR signaling and does not substantially increase on pre-TCR signaling. In contrast, pre-TCR signaling significantly induces TCF-1 expression. This coincides with the activation of a wnt/catenin/TCF reporter transgene in vivo. Collectively, these data suggest that efficient TCF-dependent transcription requires that pre-TCR signaling induces TCF-1 expression, whereas wnt signals may provide the coactivator such as beta-catenin. The 2 pathways thus have to cooperate to ensure thymocyte survival at the pre-TCR stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Goux
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, Ch des Boveresses 155, 1066 Epalinges, Switzerland
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28
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Balciunaite G, Ceredig R, Rolink AG. The earliest subpopulation of mouse thymocytes contains potent T, significant macrophage, and natural killer cell but no B-lymphocyte potential. Blood 2005; 105:1930-6. [PMID: 15522952 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2004-08-3087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The B-lymphocyte potential of progenitor thymocytes and whether the thymus is colonized by common lymphocyte progenitor cells have been subjects of considerable debate. Herein, we have used limiting dilution analysis to determine the lineage potential of phenotypically defined subpopulations of CD4–CD8– double-negative thymocytes. Culture systems used showed single-hit kinetics and had a high plating efficiency for B-, myeloid, and natural killer cell development. The T-cell potential of sorted cells was confirmed by transferring cells to fetal thymus organ cultures. Our results indicate that the earliest population of CD117+ double-negative cells, although containing potent T-cell developmental potential and significant myeloid and natural killer potential, does not have any residual B-cell potential. Gene transcription analysis also indicated that these double-negative cells contained abundant T and myeloid, but not B cell–specific transcripts. The implications of these results within the context of current models of thymocyte development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Balciunaite
- Developmental and Molecular Immunology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences (DKBW), University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 28, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Abstract
LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is an integral membrane adaptor protein that constitutes in T cells a major substrate of the ZAP-70 protein tyrosine kinase. LAT coordinates the assembly of a multiprotein signaling complex through phosphotyrosine-based motifs present within its intracytoplasmic segment. The resulting "LAT signalosome" links the TCR to the main intracellular signalling pathways that regulate T-cell development and T-cell function. Early studies using transformed T-cell lines suggested that LAT acts primarily as a positive regulator of T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling. The partial or complete inhibition of T-cell development observed in several mouse lines harboring mutant forms of LAT was congruent with that view. More recently, LAT "knock-ins" harboring point mutations in the four COOH-terminal tyrosine residues, were found to develop lymphoproliferative disorders involving polyclonal T cells that produced high amounts of T helper-type 2 (Th2) cytokines. This unexpected finding revealed that LAT also constitutes a negative regulator of TCR signalling and T-cell homeostasis. Although LAT is also expressed in mast cells, natural killer cells, megakaryocytes, platelets, and early B cells, the present review specifically illustrates the role LAT plays in the development and function of mouse T cells. As discussed, the available data underscore that a novel immunopathology proper to defective LAT signalosome is taking shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, INSERM-CNRS-Université de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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30
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Couedel C, Lippert E, Bernardeau K, Bonneville M, Davodeau F. Allelic exclusion at the TCR delta locus and commitment to gamma delta lineage: different modalities apply to distinct human gamma delta subsets. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 172:5544-52. [PMID: 15100297 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.9.5544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of a beta-chain, as a pre-TCR, in T cell precursors prevents further rearrangements on the alternate beta allele through a strict allelic exclusion process and enables precursors to undergo differentiation. However, whether allelic exclusion applies to the TCR delta locus is unknown and the role of the gamma delta TCR in gamma delta lineage commitment is still unclear. Through the analysis of the rearrangement status of the TCR gamma, delta, and beta loci in human gamma delta T cell clones, expressing either the TCR V delta 1 or V delta 2 variable regions, we show that the rate of partial rearrangements at the delta locus is consistent with an allelic exclusion process. The overrepresentation of clones with two functional TCR gamma chains indicates that a gamma delta TCR selection process is required for the commitment of T cell precursors to the gamma delta lineage. Finally, while complete TCR beta rearrangements were observed in several V delta 2 T cell clones, these were seldom found in V delta 1 cells. This suggests a competitive alpha beta/gamma delta lineage commitment in the former subset and a precommitment to the gamma delta lineage in the latter. We propose that these distinct behaviors are related to the developmental stage at which rearrangements occur, as suggested by the patterns of accessibility to recombination sites that characterize the V delta 1 and V delta 2 subsets.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Alleles
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Clone Cells
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, delta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/genetics
- Genetic Markers/immunology
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Reading Frames/genetics
- Reading Frames/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Recombination, Genetic/immunology
- Stem Cells/cytology
- Stem Cells/immunology
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrystelle Couedel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 463, Institut de Biologie, Nantes, France
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31
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Krotkova A, Smith E, Nerz G, Falk I, Eichmann K. Delayed and restricted expression limits putative instructional opportunities of Vgamma1.1/Vgamma2 gammadelta TCR in alphabeta/gammadelta lineage choice in the thymus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:25-32. [PMID: 15210755 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Development of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells depends on productive rearrangement of the appropriate TCR genes and their subsequent expression as proteins. TCRbeta and TCRgammadelta proteins first appear in DN3 and DN4 thymocytes, respectively. So far, it is not clear whether this is due to a delayed expression of TCRgammadelta proteins or to a more rapid progression to DN4 of thymocytes expressing TCRgammadelta. The answer to this question bears on the distinction between instructive and stochastic models of alphabeta/gammadelta lineage decision. To study this question, we first monitored initial TCR protein expression in wild-type and TCR transgenic mice in reaggregate thymic organ cultures. A TCRbeta transgene was expressed in nearly all DN3 and DN4 cells, accelerated DN3 to DN4 transition, and strongly diminished the number of cells that express TCRgammadelta proteins. In contrast, TCRgammadelta transgenes were expressed only in a fraction of DN4 cells, did not accelerate DN3 to DN4 transition, and did not reduce the number of DN4 cells expressing TCRbeta proteins. The TCRbeta transgene partially inhibited endogenous TCRgamma rearrangements, whereas the TCRgammadelta transgenes did not inhibit endogenous TCRbeta rearrangements. Second, we analyzed frequencies of productive TCRbeta and TCRgammadelta V(D)J junctions in DN3 and DN4 subsets. Most importantly, frequencies of productive TCRgammadelta rearrangements (Vdelta5, Vgamma1.1, and Vgamma2) appeared unselected in DN3. The results suggest a late and restricted expression of the corresponding gammadeltaTCR, severely limiting their putative instructional opportunities in alphabeta/gammadelta divergence.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Lineage
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- T-Lymphocytes/physiology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Krotkova
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Stübeweg 541, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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32
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Gerber D, Boucontet L, Pereira P. Early Expression of a Functional TCRβ Chain Inhibits TCRγ Gene Rearrangements without Altering the Frequency of TCRγδ Lineage Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:2516-23. [PMID: 15294967 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.4.2516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the consequences of the simultaneous expression in progenitor cells of a TCRgammadelta and a pre-TCR on alphabeta/gammadelta lineage commitment, we have forced expression of functionally rearranged TCRbeta, TCRgamma, and TCRdelta chains by means of transgenes. Mice transgenic for the three TCR chains contain numbers of gammadelta thymocytes comparable to those of mice transgenic for both TCRgamma and TCRdelta chains, and numbers of alphabeta thymocytes similar to those found in mice solely transgenic for a rearranged TCRbeta chain gene. gammadelta T cells from the triple transgenic mice express the transgenic TCRbeta chain, but do not express a TCRalpha chain, and, by a number of phenotypic and molecular parameters, appear to be bona fide gammadelta thymocytes. Our results reveal a remarkable degree of independence in the generation of alphabeta and gammadelta lineage cells from progenitor cells that, in theory, could simultaneously express a TCRgammadelta and a pre-TCR.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Lymphopoiesis/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/immunology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gerber
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research/Neuroscience Research Center, The Picower Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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33
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Tanigaki K, Tsuji M, Yamamoto N, Han H, Tsukada J, Inoue H, Kubo M, Honjo T. Regulation of αβ/γδ T Cell Lineage Commitment and Peripheral T Cell Responses by Notch/RBP-J Signaling. Immunity 2004; 20:611-22. [PMID: 15142529 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(04)00109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2003] [Revised: 03/03/2004] [Accepted: 03/24/2004] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
RBP-J is a key mediator of Notch signaling that regulates a large spectrum of cell fate determinations. To elucidate the functions of Notch signaling in T cell development, we inactivated RBP-J specifically at two stages of T cell development by crossing RBP-J floxed mice with lck-cre or CD4-cre transgenic mice. The loss of RBP-J at an earlier developmental stage resulted in enhanced generation and accelerated emigration of gammadelta T cells, whereas alphabeta T cell development was arrested at the double-negative 3 stage. The loss of RBP-J at a later stage did not affect the absolute number or the production rate of CD4 or CD8-positive mature T cells but enhanced Th1 cell response and reduced CD4(+) T cell proliferation. Our data demonstrated that Notch/RBP-J signaling regulates gammadelta T cell generation and migration, alphabeta T cell maturation, terminal differentiation of CD4(+) T cells into Th1/Th2 cells, and activation of T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Tanigaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-Ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
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34
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Marklund U, Lightfoot K, Cantrell D. Intracellular Location and Cell Context-Dependent Function of Protein Kinase D. Immunity 2003; 19:491-501. [PMID: 14563314 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(03)00260-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase D (PKD) is an antigen receptor-activated serine kinase localized at either the plasma membrane or the cytosol of lymphocytes. To probe PKD function at these different locations, transgenesis was used to target active PKD either to the membrane or cytosol of pre-T cells. In recombinase gene null pre-T cells, membrane and cytosolic active PKD both induced differentiation reminiscent of beta selection: downregulation of CD25 and upregulation of CD2 and CD5. Active PKDs also induced pre-T cell proliferation, although this response was not universal to all thymocyte subsets. There were two striking differences between the actions of the differentially localized PKDs. Membrane but not cytosolic PKD could induce expression of CD8 and CD4 in recombinase null mice; cytosolic but not membrane PKD suppressed Vbeta to DJbeta rearrangements of the TCRbeta chain locus in wild-type T cells. PKD function is thus determined by its intracellular location and cell context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrica Marklund
- Lymphocyte Activation Laboratory, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratories, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, United Kingdom
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35
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Nuñez-Cruz S, Aguado E, Richelme S, Chetaille B, Mura AM, Richelme M, Pouyet L, Jouvin-Marche E, Xerri L, Malissen B, Malissen M. LAT regulates gammadelta T cell homeostasis and differentiation. Nat Immunol 2003; 4:999-1008. [PMID: 12970761 DOI: 10.1038/ni977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2003] [Accepted: 08/14/2003] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
LAT (linker for activation of T cells) is essential for T cell receptor signaling. Mice homozygous for a mutation of the three C-terminal LAT tyrosine residues showed a block in alphabeta T cell development and a partially impaired gammadelta T cell development. Without intentional immunization, they accumulated gammadelta T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes that chronically produced T helper type 2 cytokines in large amounts, and caused the maturation of plasma cells secreting immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG1. These effects are very similar to that triggered in the alphabeta lineage by a mutation involving a distinct LAT tyrosine. Thus, LAT is an essential regulator of T cell homeostasis and terminal differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Nuñez-Cruz
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université de la Méditerranée, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, Case 906, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
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36
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Asnafi V, Beldjord K, Boulanger E, Comba B, Le Tutour P, Estienne MH, Davi F, Landman-Parker J, Quartier P, Buzyn A, Delabesse E, Valensi F, Macintyre E. Analysis of TCR, pT alpha, and RAG-1 in T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias improves understanding of early human T-lymphoid lineage commitment. Blood 2003; 101:2693-703. [PMID: 12446444 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2002-08-2438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T-acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALLs) derive from human T-lymphoid precursors arrested at various early stages of development. Correlation of phenotype and T-cell receptor (TCR) status with RAG-1 and pT alpha transcription in 114 T-ALLs demonstrated that they largely reflect physiologic T-lymphoid development. Half the TCR alpha beta lineage T-ALLs expressed a pre-TCR, as evidenced by RAG-1, pT alpha, and cTCR beta expression, absence of TCR delta deletion, and a sCD3(-), CD1a(+), CD4/8 double-positive (DP) phenotype, in keeping with a population undergoing beta selection. Most TCR gamma delta T-ALLs were pT alpha, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), and RAG-1(lo/neg), double-negative/single-positive (DN/SP), and demonstrated only TCR beta DJ rearrangement, whereas 40% were pT alpha, TdT, and RAG-1 positive, DP, and demonstrated TCR beta V(D)J rearrangement, with cTCR beta expression in proportion. As such they may correspond to TCR alpha beta lineage precursors selected by TCR gamma delta expression, to early gamma delta cells recently derived from a pT alpha(+) common alpha beta/gamma delta precursor, or to a lineage-deregulated alpha beta/gamma delta intermediate. Approximately 30% of T-ALLs were sCD3/cTCR beta(-) and corresponded to nonrestricted thymic precursors because they expressed non-T-restricted markers such as CD34, CD13, CD33, and CD56 and were predominantly DN, CD1a, pT alpha, and RAG-1 low/negative, despite immature TCR delta and TCR gamma rearrangements. TCR gene configuration identified progressive T-lymphoid restriction. T-ALLs, therefore, provide homogeneous expansions of minor human lymphoid precursor populations that can aid in the understanding of healthy human T-cell development.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Cell Lineage
- Child
- Genotype
- Homeodomain Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/classification
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia-Lymphoma, Adult T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/classification
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Asnafi
- Department of Biological and Clinical Hematology, Centre Hospitalier-Universitaire/Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (CHU/AP-HP) Necker-Enfants Malades and Université Paris V, France
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37
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Hayes SM, Shores EW, Love PE. An architectural perspective on signaling by the pre-, alphabeta and gammadelta T cell receptors. Immunol Rev 2003; 191:28-37. [PMID: 12614349 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-065x.2003.00011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multimeric complex composed of an antigen-binding clonotypic heterodimer and a signal transducing complex consisting of the CD3 dimers (CD3gammaepsilon and CD3deltaepsilon) and a TCR-zeta homodimer. In all jawed vertebrates there are two T cell lineages, alphabeta and gammadelta, distinguished by the clonotypic subunits contained within their TCRs (TCR-alpha and -beta or TCR-gamma and -delta, respectively). A third receptor complex, the preTCR, is only expressed on immature T cells. The preTCR, which contains the invariant pre-Talpha (pTalpha) chain in lieu of TCR-alpha, plays a critical role in the early development of alphabeta lineage cells. The subunit composition of the signal transducing complexes of the pre-, alphabeta- and gammadeltaTCRs was previously thought to be identical. However, recent data demonstrate that there are significant differences in the signal transducing complexes of these three TCRs. For example, alphabetaTCRs contain both CD3gammaepsilon and CD3deltaepsilon dimers, whereas gammadeltaTCRs contain only CD3gammaepsilon dimers. Moreover, preTCR function appears to be unaffected in the absence of CD3delta, suggesting that CD3deltaepsilon dimers are dispensable for pre-TCR assembly. In this review, we summarize current data relating to the subunit composition of the pre-, alphabeta- and gammadeltaTCRs and discuss how these structural differences may impact receptor signaling and alphabeta/gammadelta lineage determination.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/chemistry
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Signal Transduction/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M Hayes
- Laboratory of Mammalian Genes and Development, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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38
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Abstract
In some respects, our understanding of the cellular and molecular aspects of early T-cell differentiation is lagging behind that of B cells. Papers describing gene-knockout and reporter-transgenic mice in which thymocyte development is affected are often difficult to interpret. Progress in this field will be hampered unless a more detailed phenotypic and molecular analysis of progenitor thymocytes at the single-cell level is carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rod Ceredig
- U548 INSERM, CEA-G, 17 rue des Martyrs, F-38054 Grenoble, France.
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39
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Falk I, Eichmann K. Heterogeneity of the DN4 (CD44-CD25-) subset of CD4-CD8- double negative thymocytes; dependence on CD3 signaling. Immunol Lett 2002; 82:123-30. [PMID: 12008043 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(02)00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that apoptotic cell death associated with selection for thymocytes that express clonotypic TCRbeta or TCRgammadelta proteins takes place in the DN4 (CD44-CD25-) subset of CD4-CD8- double negative (DN) thymocytes. A detailed analysis of the DN4 subset is therefore of interest. Using intracellular (IC) staining for clonotypic TCR and CD3varepsilon proteins we find that DN4 cells consist of five subpopulations: TCRbetaIC(high)/CD3varepsilonIC(high)/TCRgammadeltaIC-, TCRbetaI-C-/CD3varepsilonIC(high)/TCRgammadeltaIC(+), TCRbetaIC(high)/CD3varepsilonIC(high)/TCRgammadeltaIC(+), TCRbetaIC(low)/CD3varepsilonIC(low)/TCRgammadeltaIC(-), and TCRbetaIC(-)/CD3varepsilonIC(-)/TCRgammadeltaIC(-). Expression levels of IC TCRbeta/CD3varepsilon, and of Thy1.2, CD2, and CD69 at the cell surface suggest that the TCRbetaIC(low)/CD3varepsilonIC(low)/TCRgammadeltaIC(-) subset harbors the direct precursors of DP cells, and is critical for life/death decisions in early thymic selection. TCRbeta/CD3varepsilon downregulation is less pronounced in DN4 and DP cells of mice deficient for CD3zeta or for p56(lck), suggesting that the dynamics of TCR protein regulation in the DN4 subset is dependent on CD3 signaling.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/metabolism
- CD3 Complex/physiology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD8 Antigens/analysis
- Hyaluronan Receptors/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/classification
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Falk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany
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40
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Wolfer A, Wilson A, Nemir M, MacDonald HR, Radtke F. Inactivation of Notch1 impairs VDJbeta rearrangement and allows pre-TCR-independent survival of early alpha beta Lineage Thymocytes. Immunity 2002; 16:869-79. [PMID: 12121668 DOI: 10.1016/s1074-7613(02)00330-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Notch proteins influence cell fate decisions in many developmental systems. During lymphoid development, Notch1 signaling is essential to direct a bipotent T/B precursor toward the T cell fate, but the role of Notch1 at later stages of T cell development remains controversial. We have recently reported that tissue-specific inactivation of Notch1 in immature (CD44(-) CD25(+)) thymocytes does not affect subsequent T cell development. Here, we demonstrate that loss of Notch1 signaling at an earlier (CD44(+)CD25(+)) developmental stage results in severe perturbation of alpha beta but not gamma delta lineage development. Immature Notch1(-/-) thymocytes show impaired VDJ beta rearrangement and aberrant pre-TCR-independent survival. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Notch1 controls several nonredundant functions necessary for alpha beta lineage development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Wolfer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, 1066, Epalinges, Switzerland
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41
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Renno T, Wilson A, Dunkel C, Coste I, Maisnier-Patin K, Benoit de Coignac A, Aubry JP, Lees RK, Bonnefoy JY, MacDonald HR, Gauchat JF. A role for CD147 in thymic development. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:4946-50. [PMID: 11994445 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.4946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously identified a mAb that binds to a molecule expressed preferentially on the surface of cycling thymocytes. In this study the molecule recognized by this mAb has been identified in the mouse as CD147 (basigin) by expression cloning. We show that CD147 expression correlates with cycling of immature thymocytes even in the absence of TCRbeta selection and that ligation of this molecule on immature fetal thymocytes inhibits their further development into mature T cells.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antigens, CD
- Antigens, Neoplasm
- Antigens, Surface
- Avian Proteins
- Base Sequence
- Basigin
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Blood Proteins
- Cell Cycle/genetics
- Cell Cycle/immunology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Line
- Cloning, Molecular
- Female
- Fetus
- Humans
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/immunology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/immunology
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Toufic Renno
- Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, Saint-Julien en Genevois, 74160 France
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42
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Falk I, Nerz G, Haidl I, Krotkova A, Eichmann K. Immature thymocytes that fail to express TCRbeta and/or TCRgamma delta proteins die by apoptotic cell death in the CD44(-)CD25(-) (DN4) subset. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:3308-17. [PMID: 11745348 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200111)31:11<3308::aid-immu3308>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pre-TCR/CD3 signals are essential for survival and maturation of (CD44(-)25(+)) DN3 thymocytes via the (CD44(-)25(-)) DN4 stage to CD4(+)CD8(+) (DP) cells, a process termed beta-selection. The exact developmental stages of apoptosis resulting from lack of pre-TCR/CD3 signals have so far not been determined. Here we analyzed apoptotic cell death in relation to expression of clonotypic TCR polypeptides and to cell cycle status in immature thymocyte subpopulations of wild type (wt) mice and of several strains of mice with compromised pre-TCR/CD3 signaling complexes. In wt mice or pre-TCR/CD3-deficient mice, apoptotic cells could not be detected among DN3 cells but accumulated in a subset of DN4 expressing CD69. Apoptotic CD69(+)DN4 cells were rare in wt mice and were found among DN4 cells that were negative or low for intracellular TCRbeta and negative for TCRgamma delta polypeptide chains. Apoptotic CD69(+)DN4 cells were abundant in pre-TCR/CD3 signaling-deficient mice in which most DN4 cells failed to express clonotypic TCR polypeptides. Survival of DN4 cells, but not maturation of DN3 cells to DN4, was found to depend on the expression of clonotypic TCR polypeptides in the same cell. The results suggest that thymocytes unsuccessful in alpha beta or in gamma delta lineage development die by apoptosis in the DN4 subset.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Apoptosis
- Gene Rearrangement
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor delta
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor gamma
- Hyaluronan Receptors/analysis
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/physiology
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- I Falk
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, Freiburg, Germany
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43
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Mongini C, Ruybal P, Gravisaco MJ, Croci M, Sánchez Lockhart M, Fabris V, Waldner AC. Characterization of the immunophenotype and the metastatic properties of a murine T-lymphoma cell line. Unexpected expression of cytoplasmatic CD4. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2001; 37:499-504. [PMID: 11669283 DOI: 10.1290/1071-2690(2001)037<0499:cotiat>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report the first characterization of a mouse T-lymphoma cell line that surprisingly expresses cytoplasmatic (cy) yCD4. Phenotypically, LBC cells are CD5+, CD8+, CD16+, CD24+, CD25+, CD2-/dim, CD3-/dim, TCRbeta-/dim, TCRgammadelta, CD154 , CD40-, and CD45R. Coexpress cyTCRbeta, cyCD3, cyCD4, and yet lack surface CD4 expression. Transplantation of LBC cells into mice resulted in an aggressive T-lymphoblastic lymphoma that infiltrated lymph nodes, thymus, spleen, liver, ovary, and uterus but not peripheral blood or bone marrow. LBC cells display a modal chromosome number of 39 and a near-diploid karyotype. Based on the characterization data, we demonstrated that the LBC cell line was derived from an early T-cell lymphocyte precursor. We propose that the malignant cell transformation of LBC cells could coincide with the transition stage from late double-negative, DN3 (CD4- CD8 CD44-/low, CD25+) or DN4 (CD4-low, CD8-/low, CD44-, CD25-) to double-positive (DP: CD4+CD8+) stage of T-cell development. LBC cells provide a T-lymphoblastic lymphoma model derived from a malignant early T-lymphocyte that can be potentially useful as a model to study both cellular regulation and differentiation of T-cells. In addition, LBC tumor provides a short latency neoplasm to study cellular regulation and to perform preclinical trials of lymphoma-relatel clisorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Mongini
- Institut de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral, UBA-CONICET, Department of Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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44
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Huynh T, Würch A, Bruyns E, Korinek V, Schraven B, Eichmann K. Developmentally regulated expression of the transmembrane adaptor protein trim in fetal and adult T cells. Scand J Immunol 2001; 54:146-54. [PMID: 11439161 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2001.00953.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
TRIM is a recently identified transmembrane adaptor protein which is exclusively expressed in T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. In peripheral blood T cells TRIM has been reported to coprecipitate, comodulate, and cocap with the T-cell receptor (TCR), suggesting that it is an integral component of the TCR/CD3/zeta complex. Here we investigate the expression of TRIM mRNAs and proteins in developing thymocytes. Two splicing isoforms with open reading frames are observed, namely a full length (TRIM) and a truncated version (DeltaTM-TRIM). The latter lacks the extracellular and transmembrane domains as well as the first 10 cytoplasmic aminoacids and is significantly expressed only as mRNA in early fetal thymocytes. TRIM mRNA is detected in all mainstream thymocyte subsets in adult mice. TRIM protein, in contrast, first appears in the DN2 (CD44+ CD25+) subset of adult double negative (DN) cells. In fetal thymocyte development, TRIM mRNA is seen from dg 14.5 onwards whereas TRIM protein appears first on dg 16.5. In contrast to the adult, the TRIM protein was seen in a subset of fetal DN1 cells. In fetal and adult thymocytes, TRIM protein expression was highest in DN2, DN3 (CD44-25+) and in DP cells, compatible with a functional role at or around phases of thymic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Huynh
- Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie, D-79108 Freiburg, Immunomodulation Laboratory, Ruprecht-Karls University Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 305, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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45
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MacDonald HR, Radtke F, Wilson A. T cell fate specification and alphabeta/gammadelta lineage commitment. Curr Opin Immunol 2001; 13:219-24. [PMID: 11228416 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-7915(00)00207-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of T cells from pluripotent stem cells involves a coordinated series of lineage-commitment steps. Common lymphoid precursors in the fetal liver or adult bone marrow must first choose between a T, B or NK cell fate. Committed T cell precursors in the thymus then differentiate into cells committed to the alphabeta or gammadelta lineages. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying T cell fate specification and alphabeta/gammadelta lineage divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R MacDonald
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, CH-1066, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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46
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Wolfer A, Bakker T, Wilson A, Nicolas M, Ioannidis V, Littman DR, Lee PP, Wilson CB, Held W, MacDonald HR, Radtke F. Inactivation of Notch 1 in immature thymocytes does not perturb CD4 or CD8T cell development. Nat Immunol 2001; 2:235-41. [PMID: 11224523 DOI: 10.1038/85294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Notch proteins influence cell-fate decisions in many developing systems. Several gain-of-function studies have suggested a critical role for Notch 1 signaling in CD4-CD8 lineage commitment, maturation and survival in the thymus. However, we show here that tissue-specific inactivation of the gene encoding Notch 1 in immature (CD25+CD44-)T cell precursors does not affect subsequent thymocyte development. Neither steady-state numbers nor the rate of production of CD4+ and CD8+ mature thymocytes is perturbed in the absence of Notch 1. In addition, Notch 1-deficient thymocytes are normally sensitive to spontaneous or glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis. In contrast to earlier reports, these data formally exclude an essential role for Notch 1 in CD4-CD8 lineage commitment, maturation or survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wolfer
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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47
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Chen F, Rowen L, Hood L, Rothenberg EV. Differential transcriptional regulation of individual TCR V beta segments before gene rearrangement. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:1771-80. [PMID: 11160223 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The promoter sequences of individual murine TCR Vbeta segments are dissimilar, but any functional differences between them are masked after productive gene rearrangement by the dominance of the TCRbeta 3' enhancer. However, thymocytes of recombination-activating gene-2 (Rag2)-deficient mice allow the transcriptional activity of Vbeta promoters to be studied before rearrangement. Here we report that many Vbeta segments are detectably transcribed in Rag2(-/-) thymocytes and that there are significant differences in expression among different Vbeta segments. Primer extension and characterization of cDNA clones from SCID thymocytes suggest that these germline Vbeta transcripts generally use the same start sites as those previously determined in mature T cells. The strength of expression before rearrangement does not correlate with proximity to the known enhancer, because members of the most distal Vbeta cluster (Vbeta2.1, Vbeta1.1, Vbeta4.1) are relatively strongly expressed and more proximal Vbeta segments (Vbeta14.1, Vbeta3.1, Vbeta7.1, Vbeta6.1) are only weakly expressed. Different Vbeta segments also show different developmental programs of activation in different thymocyte subsets, with the Vbeta5.1(L)-8.2(V) spliced transcript expressed earliest as well as most strongly overall. Comparison with Rag(+) MHC class I(-/-) and class II(-/-) thymocytes confirms that many of these expression differences are leveled by rearrangement and/or by beta selection, before MHC-dependent selection. However, the expression pattern of Vbeta2.1 is highly distinctive and includes cell types apparently outside the T lineage, suggesting potential acquisition of specialized roles.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/immunology
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor/immunology
- Genes, T-Cell Receptor beta/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Transcription, Genetic/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- F Chen
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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48
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Shimizu C, Kawamoto H, Yamashita M, Kimura M, Kondou E, Kaneko Y, Okada S, Tokuhisa T, Yokoyama M, Taniguchi M, Katsura Y, Nakayama T. Progression of T cell lineage restriction in the earliest subpopulation of murine adult thymus visualized by the expression of lck proximal promoter activity. Int Immunol 2001; 13:105-17. [PMID: 11133839 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/13.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The proximal promoter of lck directs gene expression exclusively in T cells. To investigate the developmental regulation of the lck proximal promoter activity and its relationship to T cell lineage commitment, a green fluorescence protein (GFP) transgenic (Tg) mouse in which the GFP expression is under the control of the proximal promoter of lck was created. In the adult GFP-Tg mice, >90% of CD4(+)CD8(+) and CD4(+)CD8(-) thymocytes, and the majority of CD4(-)CD8(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) [double-negative (DN)] thymocytes were highly positive for GFP. Slightly lower but substantial levels of expression of GFP was also observed in mature splenic T cells. No GFP(+) cells was detected in non-T lineage subsets, including mature and immature B cells, CD5(+) B cells, and NK cells, indicating a preserved tissue specificity of the promoter. The earliest GFP(+) cells detected were found in the CD44(+)CD25(-) DN thymocyte subpopulation. The developmental potential of GFP(-) and GFP(+) cells in the CD44(+)CD25(-) DN fraction was examined using in vitro culture systems. The generation of substantial numbers of alphabeta and gammadelta T cells as well as NK cells was demonstrated from both GFP(-) and GFP(+) cells. However, no development of B cells or dendritic cells was detected from GFP(+) CD44(+)CD25(-) DN thymocytes. These results suggest that the progenitors expressing lck proximal promoter activity in the CD44(+)CD25(-) DN thymocyte subset have lost most of the progenitor potential for the B and dendritic cell lineage. Thus, progression of T cell lineage restriction in the earliest thymic population can be visualized by lck proximal promoter activity, suggesting a potential role of Lck in the T cell lineage commitment.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- B-Lymphocytes/cytology
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Lineage/genetics
- Cell Lineage/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Green Fluorescent Proteins
- Hyaluronan Receptors/biosynthesis
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Luminescent Proteins/biosynthesis
- Luminescent Proteins/genetics
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/biosynthesis
- Lymphocyte Specific Protein Tyrosine Kinase p56(lck)/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, gamma-delta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Interleukin-2/biosynthesis
- Scyphozoa
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/metabolism
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/cytology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/enzymology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/enzymology
- Thymus Gland/growth & development
- Thymus Gland/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shimizu
- CREST (Core Research for Evolution Science and Technology) Project, Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST), and Department of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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49
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Wilson A, Maréchal C, MacDonald HR. Biased V beta usage in immature thymocytes is independent of DJ beta proximity and pT alpha pairing. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 166:51-7. [PMID: 11123276 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
During thymus development, the TCR beta locus rearranges before the TCR alpha locus. Pairing of productively rearranged TCR beta-chains with an invariant pT alpha chain leads to the formation of a pre-TCR and subsequent expansion of immature pre-T cells. Essentially nothing is known about the TCR V beta repertoire in pre-T cells before or after the expression of a pre-TCR. Using intracellular staining, we show here that the TCR V beta repertoire is significantly biased at the earliest developmental stage in which VDJ beta rearrangement has occurred. Moreover (and in contrast to the V(H) repertoire in immature B cells), V beta repertoire biases in immature T cells do not reflect proximity of V beta gene segments to the DJ beta cluster, nor do they depend upon preferential V beta pairing with the pT alpha chain. We conclude that V gene repertoires in developing T and B cells are controlled by partially distinct mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cell Division/genetics
- Cell Division/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, alpha-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Intracellular Fluid/immunology
- Intracellular Fluid/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/physiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Multigene Family/genetics
- Multigene Family/immunology
- Protein Precursors/biosynthesis
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/physiology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta/genetics
- Staining and Labeling
- T-Lymphocytes/chemistry
- T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/chemistry
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wilson
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Lausanne Branch, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
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50
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Abstract
B and T lymphocytes differentiate from multipotent precursors through distinct specification and commitment steps. New findings on the unique role of Pax5 in B-lineage commitment, dichotomous action of Notch signaling in B versus T cell development, and the gene expression changes comprising T-lineage specification and commitment now illuminate this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Rothenberg
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA.
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