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Ozberk V, Zaman M, Lepletier A, Eskandari S, Kaden J, Mills JL, Calcutt A, Dooley J, Huo Y, Langshaw EL, Ulett GC, Batzloff MR, Good MF, Pandey M. A Glycolipidated-liposomal peptide vaccine confers long-term mucosal protection against Streptococcus pyogenes via IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5963. [PMID: 37749129 PMCID: PMC10520070 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41410-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosally active subunit vaccines are an unmet clinical need due to lack of licensed immunostimulants suitable for vaccine antigens. Here, we show that intranasal administration of liposomes incorporating: the Streptococcus pyogenes peptide antigen, J8; diphtheria toxoid as a source of T cell help; and the immunostimulatory glycolipid, 3D(6-acyl) PHAD (PHAD), is able to induce long-lived humoral and cellular immunity. Mice genetically deficient in either mucosal antibodies or total antibodies are protected against S. pyogenes respiratory tract infection. Utilizing IL-17-deficient mice or depleting cellular subsets using antibodies, shows that the cellular responses encompassing, CD4+ T cells, IL-17, macrophages and neutrophils have important functions in vaccine-mediated mucosal immunity. Overall, these data demonstrate the utility of a mucosal vaccine platform to deliver multi-pronged protective responses against a highly virulent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ailin Lepletier
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Sharareh Eskandari
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jacqualine Kaden
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jamie-Lee Mills
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica Dooley
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Yongbao Huo
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Glen C Ulett
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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2
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Zaman M, Huber VC, Heiden DL, DeHaan KN, Chandra S, Erickson D, Ozberk V, Pandey M, Bailly B, Martin G, Langshaw EL, Zaid A, von Itzstein M, Good MF. Combinatorial liposomal peptide vaccine induces IgA and confers protection against influenza virus and bacterial super-infection. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1337. [PMID: 34527244 PMCID: PMC8432089 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The upper respiratory tract is the major entry site for Streptococcus pyogenes and influenza virus. Vaccine strategies that activate mucosal immunity could significantly reduce morbidity and mortality because of these pathogens. The severity of influenza is significantly greater if a streptococcal infection occurs during the viraemic period and generally viral infections complicated by a subsequent bacterial infection are known as super-infections. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy against influenza virus:S. pyogenes super-infection. Moreover, we provide the first description of a liposomal multi-pathogen-based platform that enables the incorporation of both viral and bacterial antigens into a vaccine and constitutes a transformative development. Methods Specifically, we have explored a vaccination strategy with biocompatible liposomes that express conserved streptococcal and influenza A virus B-cell epitopes on their surface and contain encapsulated diphtheria toxoid as a source of T-cell help. The vaccine is adjuvanted by inclusion of the synthetic analogue of monophosphoryl lipid A, 3D-PHAD. Results We observe that this vaccine construct induces an Immunoglobulin A (IgA) response in both mice and ferrets. Vaccination reduces viral load in ferrets from influenza challenge and protects mice from both pathogens. Notably, vaccination significantly reduces both mortality and morbidity associated with a super-infection. Conclusion The vaccine design is modular and could be adapted to include B-cell epitopes from other mucosal pathogens where an IgA response is required for protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Victor C Huber
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Dustin L Heiden
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Katerina N DeHaan
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Sanyogita Chandra
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Demi Erickson
- Division of Basic Biomedical SciencesSanford School of MedicineUniversity of South DakotaVermillionSDUSA
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Benjamin Bailly
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Gael Martin
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | - Ali Zaid
- The Emerging Viruses, Inflammation and Therapeutics GroupMenzies Health Institute QueenslandGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
- School of Medical SciencesGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
- Global Virus Network (GVN) Centre of Excellence in ArbovirusesGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
| | | | - Michael F Good
- Institute for GlycomicsGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLDAustralia
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3
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Campbell PT, Frost H, Smeesters PR, Kado J, Good MF, Batzloff M, Geard N, McVernon J, Steer A. Investigation of group A Streptococcus immune responses in an endemic setting, with a particular focus on J8. Vaccine 2018; 36:7618-7624. [PMID: 30401621 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Sustained control of group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections in settings of poverty has proven to be challenging, and an effective vaccine may be the most practical long-term strategy to reduce GAS-related disease burden. Candidate GAS vaccines based on the J8 peptide have demonstrated promising immunogenicity in mice, however, less is known about the role of J8 antibodies in the human immune response to GAS infection. We analysed the stimulation of J8 antibodies in response to infection, and the role of existing J8 antibodies in protection against subsequent infection, using data collected in the Fijian population: (1) cross sectional population serosurvey; (2) paired serum collection for assessment of M-specific and J8 antibody responses; and (3) longitudinal assessment of GAS infection and immunity. Median J8 antibody concentrations peaked in the 5-14 year age group, but there was no sustained increase with age. J8 antibody concentration was neither a significant predictor of time to next infection, nor did it show any relationship to the time since last recorded skin infection. Similarly, J8 antibody fold changes over a defined period were associated neither with the time since last skin infection, nor the number of intervening skin infections. While strong M-specific antibody responses were observed for skin infection, similarly strong J8 antibody responses were not observed. There is no indication that antibodies to the J8 antigen would be useful as either a marker of GAS infection or a measure of population immunity, with J8 antibody responses to infection fleeting, if existent at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Therese Campbell
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Hannah Frost
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre R Smeesters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Molecular Bacteriology Laboratory, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Pediatrics, Academic Children Hospital Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joseph Kado
- Department of Paediatrics, Colonial War Memorial Hospital, Fiji; College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Fiji National University, Fiji; Fiji Rheumatic Heart Disease Control Program, Suva, Fiji; Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Batzloff
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas Geard
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; School of Computing and Information Systems, Melbourne School of Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodie McVernon
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The Royal Melbourne Hospital and The University of Melbourne, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Steer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for International Child Health, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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4
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Abstract
Saliva is gaining increasing attention as a bioanalytical sample matrix. Mostly because of the easy and noninvasive collection, it is not only beneficial in endocrinological and behavioral science, but also in pediatrics. Saliva also has the advantage of being the only body fluid which can be collected even during physical exercise, for example, during sportive activities, and there are physiological characteristics that make it superior to serum/plasma or urine for specific scientific questions. This review provides an insight into the physiology of saliva formation, explaining how certain compounds enter this bodily fluid, and gives advice for collection, storage and analytical methods. Finally, it presents a number of reliable and proven applications for saliva analysis from scientific fields including endocrinology, sports medicine, forensics and immunology.
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5
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Zaman M, Ozberk V, Langshaw EL, McPhun V, Powell JL, Phillips ZN, Ho MF, Calcutt A, Batzloff MR, Toth I, Hill GR, Pandey M, Good MF. Novel platform technology for modular mucosal vaccine that protects against streptococcus. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39274. [PMID: 27976706 PMCID: PMC5157026 DOI: 10.1038/srep39274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the major entry site for human pathogens and strategies to activate this network could lead to new vaccines capable of preventing infection with many pathogens. Group A streptococcus (GAS) infections, causing rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease, and invasive disease, are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality. We describe an innovative vaccine strategy to induce mucosal antibodies of significant magnitude against peptide antigens of GAS using a novel biocompatible liposomal platform technology. The approach is to encapsulate free diphtheria toxoid (DT), a standard vaccine antigen, within liposomes as a source of helper T-cell stimulation while lipidated peptide targets for B-cells are separately displayed on the liposome surface. As DT is not physically conjugated to the peptide, it is possible to develop modular epitopic constructs that simultaneously activate IgA-producing B-cells of different and complementary specificity and function that together neutralize distinct virulence factors. An inflammatory cellular immune response is also induced. The immune response provides profound protection against streptococcal infection in the URT. The study describes a new vaccine platform for humoral and cellular immunity applicable to the development of vaccines against multiple mucosal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehfuz Zaman
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Victoria Ozberk
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Emma L Langshaw
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Virginia McPhun
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Jessica L Powell
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Zachary N Phillips
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Mei Fong Ho
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Ainslie Calcutt
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael R Batzloff
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Istvan Toth
- The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.,The University of Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Geoffrey R Hill
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, QIMR Berghofer Centre for Immunotherapy and Vaccine Development, Brisbane QLD 4029, Australia.,Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
| | - Michael F Good
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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6
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Georgousakis MM, McMillan DJ, Batzloff MR, Sriprakash KS. Moving forward: a mucosal vaccine against group A streptococcus. Expert Rev Vaccines 2014; 8:747-60. [DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Rivera-Hernandez T, Hartas J, Wu Y, Chuan YP, Lua LHL, Good M, Batzloff MR, Middelberg APJ. Self-adjuvanting modular virus-like particles for mucosal vaccination against group A streptococcus (GAS). Vaccine 2013; 31:1950-5. [PMID: 23422147 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) causes a wide range of diseases, some of them related to autoimmune diseases triggered by repeated GAS infections. Despite the fact that GAS primarily colonizes the mucosal epithelium of the pharynx, the main mechanism of action of most vaccine candidates is based on development of systemic antibodies that do not cross-react with host tissues, neglecting the induction of mucosal immunity that could potentially block disease transmission. Peptide antigens from GAS M-surface protein can confer protection against infection; however, translation of such peptides into immunogenic mucosal vaccines that can be easily manufactured remains a challenge. In this work, a modular murine polyomavirus (MuPyV) virus-like particle (VLP) was engineered to display a GAS antigenic peptide, J8i. Heterologous modules containing one or two J8i antigen elements were integrated with the MuPyV VLP, and produced using microbial protein expression, standard purification techniques and in vitro VLP assembly. Both modular VLPs, when delivered intranasally to outbred mice without adjuvant, induced significant titers of J8i-specific IgG and IgA antibodies, indicating significant systemic and mucosal responses, respectively. GAS colonization in the throats of mice challenged intranasally was reduced in these immunized mice, and protection against lethal challenge was observed. This study shows that modular MuPyV VLPs prepared using microbial synthesis have potential to facilitate cost-effective vaccine delivery to remote communities through the use of mucosal immunization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rivera-Hernandez
- The University of Queensland, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Centre for Biomolecular Engineering, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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8
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Henningham A, Gillen CM, Walker MJ. Group a streptococcal vaccine candidates: potential for the development of a human vaccine. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 368:207-42. [PMID: 23250780 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Currently there is no commercial Group A Streptococcus (GAS; S. pyogenes) vaccine available. The development of safe GAS vaccines is challenging, researchers are confronted with obstacles such as the occurrence of many unique serotypes (there are greater than 150 M types), antigenic variation within the same serotype, large variations in the geographical distribution of serotypes, and the production of antibodies cross-reactive with human tissue which can lead to host auto-immune disease. Cell wall anchored, cell membrane associated, secreted and anchorless proteins have all been targeted as GAS vaccine candidates. As GAS is an exclusively human pathogen, the quest for an efficacious vaccine is further complicated by the lack of an animal model which mimics human disease and can be consistently and reproducibly colonized by multiple GAS strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Henningham
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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9
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Smeesters PR, McMillan DJ, Sriprakash KS, Georgousakis MM. Differences among group A streptococcus epidemiological landscapes: consequences for M protein-based vaccines? Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 8:1705-20. [PMID: 19905872 DOI: 10.1586/erv.09.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Group A streptococcus (GAS) is a bacterial pathogen responsible for a wide array of disease pathologies in humans. GAS surface M protein plays multiple key roles in pathogenesis, and serves as a target for typing and vaccine development. In this review, we have compiled GAS epidemiological studies from several countries around the world to highlight the consequences on the theoretical efficacy of two different M protein-based vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre R Smeesters
- Bacterial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland 4029, Australia.
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10
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Novel strategies for controlling
Streptococcus pyogenes
infection and associated diseases: from potential peptide vaccines to antibody immunotherapy. Immunol Cell Biol 2009; 87:391-9. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Batzloff MR, Pandey M, Olive C, Good MF. Advances in potential M-protein peptide-based vaccines for preventing rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Immunol Res 2007; 35:233-48. [PMID: 17172649 DOI: 10.1385/ir:35:3:233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) are postinfectious complications of an infection (or repeated infection) with the Gram-positive bacterium, Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as group A streptococcus, GAS). RF and RHD are global problems and affect many indigenous populations of developed countries and many developing countries. However, RF and RHD are only part of a larger spectrum of diseases caused by this organism. The development of a vaccine against GAS has primarily targeted the abundant cell-surface protein called the M-protein. This review focuses on different M-protein-based-subunit vaccine approaches and the different delivery technologies used to administer these vaccine candidates in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Batzloff
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology and the Australian Centre for International Tropical Health and Nutrition, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Post Office Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane 4029, Australia
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12
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Martins TB, Veasy LG, Hill HR. Antibody responses to group A streptococcal infections in acute rheumatic fever. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006; 25:832-7. [PMID: 16940843 DOI: 10.1097/01.inf.0000232634.55883.d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Martins
- Associated Regional and University Pathologists (ARUP) Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, Utah 84108, USA.
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13
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Schulze K, Olive C, Ebensen T, Guzmán CA. Intranasal vaccination with SfbI or M protein-derived peptides conjugated to diphtheria toxoid confers protective immunity against a lethal challenge with Streptococcus pyogenes. Vaccine 2006; 24:6088-95. [PMID: 16828529 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Revised: 05/16/2006] [Accepted: 05/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether intranasal immunisation with diphtheria toxoid (DT) conjugated polypeptides encompassing T and B cell epitopes of the SfbI protein (FNBR) or a conformational-constrained B cell epitope of the M1 protein (J8) was able to confer protection against lethal mucosal challenge with a heterologous Streptococcus pyogenes strain. To this end, BALB/c mice were immunised with the conjugates. Strong antigen-specific antibody responses were observed in both serum and mucosal secretions. Vaccinated mice were challenged 10 days after the last boost by the intranasal route. Animals receiving FNBR-DT co-administered with either the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) or the TLR 2/6 agonist MALP-2 were efficiently protected against the virulent S. pyogenes strain (90% and 70% survival, respectively), whereas those immunised with J8-DT plus either CTB or MALP-2 showed intermediate levels of protection (60% and 40%, respectively). The obtained results indicate that in our experimental animal model peptide-based conjugate vaccines represent a valid alternative to protect against streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schulze
- Department of Vaccinology, GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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14
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McArthur J, Medina E, Mueller A, Chin J, Currie BJ, Sriprakash KS, Talay SR, Chhatwal GS, Walker MJ. Intranasal vaccination with streptococcal fibronectin binding protein Sfb1 fails to prevent growth and dissemination of Streptococcus pyogenes in a murine skin infection model. Infect Immun 2004; 72:7342-5. [PMID: 15557665 PMCID: PMC529117 DOI: 10.1128/iai.72.12.7342-7345.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibronectin binding protein F1 (Sfb1) of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus [GAS]) is a well-characterized adhesin that has been shown to induce protection in mice against a lethal intranasal GAS challenge after intranasal immunization with cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) as adjuvant. With a murine skin infection model, we have shown that Sfb1/CTB vaccination neither elicits opsonizing antibodies nor prevents systemic bacterial growth and dissemination to internal organs after a subcutaneous GAS challenge. These results indicate that an Sfb1-based vaccine should be complemented with additional protective antigens in order to be used in areas such as the tropical north of Australia, where the skin is the primary route of entry for invasive streptococcal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J McArthur
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, N.S.W. 2522, Australia.
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15
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McMillan DJ, Davies MR, Good MF, Sriprakash KS. Immune response to superoxide dismutase in group A streptococcal infection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 40:249-56. [PMID: 15039102 DOI: 10.1016/s0928-8244(04)00003-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2003] [Revised: 12/16/2003] [Accepted: 12/24/2003] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular localisation of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SodA) by group A streptococcus (GAS) may have a role in protection of this pathogenic bacterium from exogenously produced reactive oxygen species. In this study we show that SodA is found both in surface protein extracts and in culture supernatants of GAS. To investigate whether SodA is a possible vaccine candidate outbred Quackenbush mice were subcutaneously vaccinated with recombinant SodA. Strong antibody responses which were moderately opsonic were elicited. These antibodies were unable to protect mice from intraperitoneal challenge with M1 GAS. We also show that SodA and p145 (a conserved peptide from the M-protein) antibodies are present at significantly higher levels amongst patients with rheumatic heart disease than in control subjects from the same endemic region. The higher SodA antibody levels in patients may be indicative of a role for this protein in pathogenesis of rheumatic heart disease but are more likely to be a marker of recent or recurrent streptococcal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J McMillan
- The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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16
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Pamonsinlapatham P, Decroix N, Mihaila-Amrouche L, Bouvet A, Bouvet JP. Induction of a mucosal immune response to the streptococcal M protein by intramuscular administration of a PADRE-ASREAK peptide. Scand J Immunol 2004; 59:504-10. [PMID: 15140061 DOI: 10.1111/j.0300-9475.2004.01421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, it was shown that an intramuscular administration of amino acid PADRE-ELDKWA sequence induced a mucosal immune response to a conserved epitope of human immunodeficiency virus in mice. In the same model, here it is shown that this method can be used with a selected peptide from the M protein of group A streptococci. The PADRE-ASREAK sequence was injected in mice by the intramuscular route. Antibodies against M protein were detected in extracts of mucosal tissues and in serum. The repertoire isotypes of serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA and IgG antibodies varied, according to the dose of injected peptide. The highest mucosal IgA antibody response was obtained with 0.01 micro g of antigen per injection, whereas the systemic IgG antibody response increased with 10 micro g of antigen. Mucosal antibody production against streptococci was confirmed by immunofluorescence analysis. These results provide evidence that this novel approach of mucosal vaccination may be of advantage for bacterial systems and suggest a new field of investigation based on synthetic peptide analogues.
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17
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Schulze K, Medina E, Chhatwal GS, Guzmán CA. Identification of B- and T-cell epitopes within the fibronectin-binding domain of the SfbI protein of Streptococcus pyogenes. Infect Immun 2004; 71:7197-201. [PMID: 14638816 PMCID: PMC308920 DOI: 10.1128/iai.71.12.7197-7201.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibronectin-binding repeats of the SfbI protein of Streptococcus pyogenes constitute the minimal domain able to confer protection against lethal infection. We investigated the presence of B- and T-cell epitopes within this region in congenic mice. One linear B-cell epitope was recognized by BALB/b and BALB/k mice, whereas two epitopes were found in BALB/c animals. A unique T-cell epitope was recognized by all three mouse strains. All identified epitopes clustered in a 30-amino-acid fragment. These results suggest that this polypeptide may be suitable for incorporation into a polyepitope-based vaccine formulation against S. pyogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Schulze
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Vaccine Research, Division of Microbiology, GBF-German Research Centre for Biotechnology, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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Decroix N, Quan CP, Pamonsinlapatham P, Bouvet JP. Mucosal immunity induced by intramuscular administration of free peptides in-line with PADRE: IgA antibodies to the ELDKWA epitope of HIV gp41. Scand J Immunol 2002; 56:59-65. [PMID: 12100472 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3083.2002.01113.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To improve the mucosal antibody response against a short amino acid (aa) sequence (ELDKWA) of HIV gp41, we have investigated a construction including this peptide in-line with the Pan DR epitope (PADRE). ELDKWA is a conserved peptide playing a key role in the pathogenicity of HIV transmission. PADRE is a non-natural peptide with multipotential immunogenic properties. The results show striking differences between mucosal and systemic immune systems, with a preferential response of the mucosal organs. In contrast with most mucosal immunizations, the intracellular response persists for over two months after the last injection. This strongly suggests that further investigations of conserved key epitopes from various pathogens may lead to safe and chemically defined mucosal vaccines with synthetic peptides. These candidate vaccines with free peptides may be suitable for mass campaigns even in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Decroix
- Unité d'Immunopathologie humaine INSERM UR 430, Université Paris VI, France
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Olive C, Clair T, Yarwood P, Good MF. Protection of mice from group A streptococcal infection by intranasal immunisation with a peptide vaccine that contains a conserved M protein B cell epitope and lacks a T cell autoepitope. Vaccine 2002; 20:2816-25. [PMID: 12034109 DOI: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection with group A streptococci (GAS) can lead to rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD) which are a major health concern particularly in indigenous populations worldwide, and especially in Australian Aboriginals. A primary route of GAS infection is via the upper respiratory tract, and therefore, a major goal of research is the development of a mucosal-based GAS vaccine. The majority of the research to date has focused on the GAS M protein since immunity to GAS is mediated by M protein type-specific opsonic antibodies. There are two major impediments to the development of a vaccine-the variability in M proteins and the potential for the induction of an autoimmune response. To develop a safe and broad-based vaccine, we have therefore focused on the GAS M protein conserved C-region, and have identified peptides, J8 and the closely related J8 peptide (J14), which may be important in protective immunity to GAS infection. Using a mucosal animal model system, our data have shown a high degree of throat GAS colonisation in B10.BR mice 24h following intranasal immunisation with the mucosal adjuvant, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), and/or diptheria toxoid (dT) carrier, or PBS alone, and challenge with the M1 GAS strain. However, GAS colonisation of the throat was significantly reduced following intranasal immunisation of mice with the vaccine candidate J8 conjugated to dT or J14-dT when administered with CTB. Moreover, J8-dT/CTB and J14-dT/CTB-immunised mice had a significantly higher survival when compared to CTB and PBS-immunised control mice. These data indicate that immunity to GAS infection can be evoked by intranasal immunisation with a GAS M protein C-region peptide vaccine that contains a protective B cell epitope and lacks a T cell autoepitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Olive
- Cooperative Research Centre for Vaccine Technology, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research, PO Royal Brisbane Hospital, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia.
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Abstract
Rheumatic fever is a multisystem inflammatory disease that occurs as a delayed sequel to group A streptococcal pharyngitis. It is less common than it was 50 years ago but is still a major cause of heart disease in developing areas of the world. The relationship between the site of infection, the type of causative organism, and susceptibility of the host is essential in the development of the disease. Its major clinical manifestations include carditis, migratory polyarthritis, chorea, erythema marginatum, and subcutaneous nodules. It can manifest as an acute febrile illness consisting of migratory polyarthritis involving the large joints, as carditis and valvulitis, or as Sydenham's chorea with involvement of the central nervous system. The disorder in its milder form resolves itself without sequelae. Carditis is the condition most associated with increased mortality and morbidity and may be fatal in its severe forms. Penicillin is the most appropriate primary and secondary prophylaxis. Anti- inflammatory agents provide symptomatic relief but do not prevent rheumatic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Rullan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, PO Box 19, MEB-484, New Brunswick, NJ 08903-0019, USA.
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