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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Liu J. Regulatory effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin on inflammation and immune function in percutaneous nephrolithotomy patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated with infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1181688. [PMID: 37377966 PMCID: PMC10291127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1181688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the effect of an injection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) on inflammation and immune function in patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated by infection who have undergone percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods We retrospectively recorded the clinical data of patients with upper urinary tract calculi complicated by infection who have undergone Percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL) in the Department of Urology, 2nd Affiliation Hospital of Kunming Medical University, from March to December 2021. Clinical data include general condition, laboratory index, CT, postoperative body temperature, heart rate, respiration, SIRS, sepsis, etc. Patients were divided into treated and control groups according to whether they had received a preoperative PA-MSHA injection. The two groups were compared for indices of inflammation and complications of infection after PCNL. Pre- and post-operative lymphocyte subsets and immunoglobulin changes were compared. Results 115 patients were included in the study, including 43 in the treatment group and 72 in the control group. After Propensity Score Matching, 90 patients were divided into treatment (n=35) and control (n=55) groups. The postoperative inflammation index was higher in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of postoperative SIRS was higher in the treatment group than control (P<0.05). There were no cases of sepsis in either group. The double-positive T cells lymphocyte subsets were higher in the treatment group than in the control group ((P<0.05). Pre- and post-operative changes in immune function: total T lymphocyte count reduced, NK and NKT cell count increased in the control group, double-positive T cell count increased in the treatment group, IgG, IgA, IgM, complement C3 and C4 count reduced in both groups post-operatively. Conclusion This study found that patients with upper urinary tract calculi and infection treated with antibiotic-based PA-MSHA before percutaneous nephrolithotomy had an increased inflammatory response after surgery, which may play a role in the prevention and treatment of sepsis. The percentage of double-positive T cells in the peripheral blood was increased after PA-MSHA treatment, which may have an immunomodulatory and protective effect in PCNL patients with stones complicated by infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- The Department of Urology, Kunming First People’s Hospital: Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jianhe Liu
- The Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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2
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Popovic A, Deljanin M, Popovic S, Todorovic D, Djurdjevic P, Matic S, Stankovic M, Avramovic D, Baskic D. Chelidonium majus crude extract induces activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and enhances their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2022; 32:1554-1566. [PMID: 33706629 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2021.1897534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the immunomodulatory effect of crude Chelidonium majus L ethanolic extract on ex vivo harvested peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). PBMNCs were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. The PBMNC cytotoxicity assay was performed with HeLa tumor cells as target cells. MTT assay was used to estimate the proliferation effect of extract and cytotoxic efficiency of treated PBMNCs. Flow cytometric analysis was used for immunophenotyping. Treatment induced moderate proliferative response, perturbation in PBMNC ratios, and the emergence of some unconventional subpopulations. The percentage ratio of double positive CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and monocytes, ratio of T and B lymphocytes expressing CD14, and percentage of NK cells expressing CD57 increased after treatment, indicating activation of PBMNC subpopulations. Cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells was enhanced. Activation of PBMNCs and enhancement of their cytotoxic effect toward HeLa cells indicate the immunostimulatory effect of Ch. majus ethanolic extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Popovic
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Suzana Popovic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Danijela Todorovic
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Predrag Djurdjevic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Sanja Matic
- Doctoral Academic Studies, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | - Milan Stankovic
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Baskic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
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3
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Satooka H, Ishigaki H, Todo K, Terada K, Agata Y, Itoh Y, Ogasawara K, Hirata T. Characterization of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes in a tumour rejection cynomolgus macaque model. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8414. [PMID: 32439888 PMCID: PMC7242367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has emerged as a promising and effective treatment for cancer, yet the clinical benefit is still variable, in part due to insufficient accumulation of immune effector cells in the tumour microenvironment. Better understanding of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) from nonhuman primate tumours could provide insights into improving effector cell accumulation in tumour tissues during immunotherapy. Here, we characterize TILs in a cynomolgus macaque tumour model in which the tumours were infiltrated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and were eventually rejected. The majority of CD4+ and CD8+ TILs exhibited a CD45RA−CCR7− effector memory phenotype, but unlike circulating T cells, they expressed CD69, a marker for tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells. CD69-expressing CD8+ TILs expressed high levels of the cytotoxic molecule granzyme B and the co-inhibitory receptor PD-1. Consistent with the TRM cell phenotype, CD8+ TILs minimally expressed CX3CR1 but expressed CXCR3 at higher levels than circulating CD8+ T cells. Meanwhile, CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11, chemokine ligands for CXCR3, were expressed at high levels in the tumours, thus attracting CXCR3+CD8+ T cells. These results indicate that tumour-transplanted macaques can be a useful preclinical model for studying and optimizing T cell accumulation in tumours for the development of new immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Satooka
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hirohito Ishigaki
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kagefumi Todo
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Koji Terada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Agata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yasushi Itoh
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Ogasawara
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takako Hirata
- Department of Fundamental Biosciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
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Diedrich CR, Gideon HP, Rutledge T, Baranowski TM, Maiello P, Myers AJ, Lin PL. CD4CD8 Double Positive T cell responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in cynomolgus macaques. J Med Primatol 2019; 48:82-89. [PMID: 30723927 PMCID: PMC6519377 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) kills millions of people every year. CD4 and CD8 T cells are critical in the immune response against TB. T cells expressing both CD4 and CD8 (CD4CD8 T cells) are functionally active and have not been examined in the context of TB. METHODS We examine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BAL) and lung granulomas from 28 cynomolgus macaques during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection. RESULTS CD4CD8 T cells increase in frequency during early Mtb infection in PBMC and BAL from pre-infection. Peripheral, airway, and lung granuloma CD4CD8 T cells have distinct patterns and greater cytokine production than CD4 or CD8 T cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CD4CD8 T cells transient the blood and airways early during infection to reach the granulomas where they are involved directly in the host response to Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin Richard Diedrich
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Hannah Priyadarshini Gideon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tara Rutledge
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tonilynn Marie Baranowski
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Pauline Maiello
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Amy J Myers
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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CD4 hiCD8 low Double-Positive T Cells Are Associated with Graft Rejection in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Islet Transplantation. J Immunol Res 2018; 2018:3861079. [PMID: 30116750 PMCID: PMC6079492 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3861079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral CD4/CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells are associated with autoimmune disorders, cancer, and viral infection. However, the relationship between organ transplantation and DP T cells is unclear. Here, we examined the functional characteristics of peripheral DP T cells and analyzed their significance with respect to islet graft rejection in a nonhuman primate model of islet transplantation. DP T cells were functionally equivalent to conventional CD4 and CD8 T cells in terms of helper and cytotoxic activity, respectively. DP T cells expressed high levels of CXCR5 and PD-1 and secreted IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-21 in amounts equivalent to those secreted by CD4 or CD8 T cells; also, they produced large amounts of granzyme B and perforin. In addition, under steady-state conditions, DP T cells expressed eomesodermin (Eomes) and promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger (PLZF) proteins, both of which act as transcription factors in innate/memory-like T cells. The number of peripheral DP T cells in the islet transplantation model was high in the group that experienced graft rejection; this was not the case in the long-term survival group. Interestingly, numbers of effector memory T cells (TEM) within the DP T cell population increased significantly during islet graft rejection, as did those of TEM within the cytotoxic CD8 T cells. Furthermore, the most conspicuous of which was the increase of CD4hiCD8low T cell subpopulation at that point. Taken together, the data suggest that peripheral DP T cells showing an innate/memory-like phenotype have both helper and cytotoxic activity in vitro and that they may act as a novel biomarker for graft rejection after islet transplantation.
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Silver RF, Myers AJ, Jarvela J, Flynn J, Rutledge T, Bonfield T, Lin PL. Diversity of Human and Macaque Airway Immune Cells at Baseline and during Tuberculosis Infection. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2017; 55:899-908. [PMID: 27509488 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2016-0122oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells of the distal airways serve as "first responders" of host immunity to the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Mtb infection of cynomolgus macaques recapitulates the range of human outcomes from clinically silent latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to active tuberculosis of various degrees of severity. To further advance the application of this model to human studies, we compared profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells of humans and cynomolgus macaques before and after Mtb infection. A simple gating strategy effectively defined BAL T-cell and phagocyte populations in both species. BAL from Mtb-naive humans and macaques showed similar differential cell counts. BAL T cells of macaques were composed of fewer CD4+cells but more CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells than were BAL T cells of humans. The most common mononuclear phagocyte population in BAL of both species displayed coexpression of HLA-DR, CD206, CD11b, and CD11c; however, multiple phagocyte subsets displaying only some of these markers were observed as well. Macaques with LTBI displayed a marked BAL lymphocytosis that was not observed in humans with LTBI. In macaques, the prevalence of specific mononuclear phagocyte subsets in baseline BAL correlated with ultimate outcomes of Mtb infection (i.e., LTBI versus active disease). Overall, these findings demonstrate the comparability of studies of pulmonary immunity to Mtb in humans and macaques. They also indicate a previously undescribed complexity of airway mononuclear phagocyte populations that suggests further lines of investigation relevant to understanding the mechanisms of both protection from and susceptibility to the development of active tuberculosis within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Silver
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine.,2 The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center.,3 University Hospitals Case Medical Center, and
| | - Amy J Myers
- 4 Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and
| | | | - JoAnne Flynn
- 4 Departments of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics and
| | - Tara Rutledge
- 5 Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Tracey Bonfield
- 6 Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Immunology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio; and
| | - Philana Ling Lin
- 5 Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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7
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von Buttlar H, Bismarck D, Alber G. Peripheral canine CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive T cells - unique amongst others. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2015; 168:169-75. [PMID: 26460086 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2015.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes co-expressing CD4 and CD8 ("double-positive T cells") are commonly associated with a thymic developmental stage of T cells. Their first description in humans and pigs as extrathymic T cells with a memory phenotype almost 30 years ago came as a surprise. Meanwhile peripheral double-positive T cells have been described in a growing number of different species. In this review we highlight novel data from our very recent studies on canine peripheral double-positive T cells which point to unique features of double-positive T cells in the dog. In contrast to porcine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells forming a homogenous cellular population based on their expression of CD4 and CD8α, canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells can be divided into three different cellular subsets with distinct expression levels of CD4 and CD8α. Double-positive T cells expressing CD8β are present in humans and dogs but absent in swine. Moreover, canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells can not only develop from CD4(+) single-positive T cells but also from CD8(+) single-positive T cells. Together, this places canine CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells closer to their human than porcine counterparts since human double-positive T cells also appear to be heterogeneous in their CD4 and CD8α expression and have both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells as progenitor cells. However, CD4(+) single-positive T cells are the more potent progenitors for canine double-positive T cells, whereas CD8(+) single-positive T cells are more potent progenitors for human double-positive T cells. Canine double-positive T cells have an activated phenotype and may have as yet unrecognized roles in vivo in immunity to infection or in inflammatory diseases such as chronic infection, autoimmunity, allergy, or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner von Buttlar
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Doris Bismarck
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 11, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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B-Cell Depletion Abrogates T Cell-Mediated Demyelination in an Antibody-Nondependent Common Marmoset Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Model. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2012; 71:716-28. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3182622691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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9
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Frahm MA, Picking RA, Kuruc JD, McGee KS, Gay CL, Eron JJ, Hicks CB, Tomaras GD, Ferrari G. CD4+CD8+ T cells represent a significant portion of the anti-HIV T cell response to acute HIV infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2012; 188:4289-96. [PMID: 22461689 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have revealed that HIV-infected individuals possess circulating CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) T cells specific for HIV Ags. In the present study, we analyzed the proliferation and functional profile of circulating DP T cells from 30 acutely HIV-infected individuals and 10 chronically HIV-infected viral controllers. The acutely infected group had DP T cells that showed more proliferative capability and multifunctionality than did both their CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. DP T cells were found to exhibit greater proliferation and higher multifunctionality compared with CD4 T cells in the viral controller group. The DP T cell response represented 16% of the total anti-HIV proliferative response and >70% of the anti-HIV multifunctional response in the acutely infected subjects. Proliferating DP T cells of the acutely infected subjects responded to all HIV Ag pools with equal magnitude. Conversely, the multifunctional response was focused on the pool representing Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU. Meanwhile, the controllers' DP T cells focused on Gag and the Nef, Rev, Tat, VPR, and VPU pool for both their proliferative and multifunctional responses. Finally, we show that the presence of proliferating DP T cells following all HIV Ag stimulations is well correlated with proliferating CD4 T cells whereas multifunctionality appears to be largely independent of multifunctionality in other T cell compartments. Therefore, DP T cells represent a highly reactive cell population during acute HIV infection, which responds independently from the traditional T cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Frahm
- Center for AIDS Research, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 22710, USA
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10
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Morrot A, Terra-Granado E, Pérez AR, Silva-Barbosa SD, Milićević NM, Farias-de-Oliveira DA, Berbert LR, De Meis J, Takiya CM, Beloscar J, Wang X, Kont V, Peterson P, Bottasso O, Savino W. Chagasic thymic atrophy does not affect negative selection but results in the export of activated CD4+CD8+ T cells in severe forms of human disease. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1268. [PMID: 21858238 PMCID: PMC3156684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extrathymic CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells are increased in some pathophysiological conditions, including infectious diseases. In the murine model of Chagas disease, it has been shown that the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to target the thymus and induce alterations of the thymic microenvironment and the lymphoid compartment. In the acute phase, this results in a severe atrophy of the organ and early release of DP cells into the periphery. To date, the effect of the changes promoted by the parasite infection on thymic central tolerance has remained elusive. Herein we show that the intrathymic key elements that are necessary to promote the negative selection of thymocytes undergoing maturation during the thymopoiesis remains functional during the acute chagasic thymic atrophy. Intrathymic expression of the autoimmune regulator factor (Aire) and tissue-restricted antigen (TRA) genes is normal. In addition, the expression of the proapoptotic Bim protein in thymocytes was not changed, revealing that the parasite infection-induced thymus atrophy has no effect on these marker genes necessary to promote clonal deletion of T cells. In a chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic system, the administration of OVA peptide into infected mice with thymic atrophy promoted OVA-specific thymocyte apoptosis, further indicating normal negative selection process during the infection. Yet, although the intrathymic checkpoints necessary for thymic negative selection are present in the acute phase of Chagas disease, we found that the DP cells released into the periphery acquire an activated phenotype similar to what is described for activated effector or memory single-positive T cells. Most interestingly, we also demonstrate that increased percentages of peripheral blood subset of DP cells exhibiting an activated HLA-DR+ phenotype are associated with severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease. These cells may contribute to the immunopathological events seen in the Chagas disease. The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that plays an important role on the development of the immune system and maturation of the T cell repertoire. During the normal life span, this organ undergoes involution during the aging and also in the presence of a wide variety of infectious diseases. It has been shown that the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is able to target the thymus and induce alterations of the thymic microenvironment. In the acute phase, this results in a severe atrophy of the organ and early release of immature double-positive (DP) T cells into the periphery. The effect of the changes promoted by the parasite infection on thymic central tolerance has remained not clear. The present study shows that the intrathymic key elements that promote the negative selection of thymocytes during the thymopoiesis remains functional in the acute chagasic thymic atrophy. However, we found that the DP cells released into the periphery acquire an activated phenotype and its high frequency in the peripheral blood are associated with severe cardiac forms of human chronic Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Morrot
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Nascimbeni M, Pol S, Saunier B. Distinct CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T cells in the blood and liver of patients during chronic hepatitis B and C. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20145. [PMID: 21647449 PMCID: PMC3102078 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, the main effectors of adaptive cellular immune responses, differentiate from immature, non-functional CD4+CD8+ double-positive T (DPT) cells in the thymus. Increased proportions of circulating DPT lymphocytes have been observed during acute viral infections; in chronic viral diseases, the role and repartition of extra-thymic DPT cells remain largely uncharacterized. We performed a phenotypic analysis of DPT cells in blood and liver from patients chronically infected by hepatitis C (HCV) or B (HBV) viruses. The highest percentages of DPT cells, predominantly CD4highCD8low, were observed in patients infected by HCV, while HBV-infected patients mostly displayed CD4lowCD8high and CD4highCD8high DPT cells. All proportions of DPT cells were higher in liver than in blood with, for each subpopulation referred to above, a correlation between their frequencies in these two compartments. In HCV patients, intra-hepatic DPT cells displayed more heterogeneous activation, differentiation and memory phenotypes than in the blood; most of them expressed CD1a, a marker of T cell development in the thymus. Ex vivo, the inoculation of liver slices with HCV produced in cell culture was accompanied by a disappearance of CD8high cells, suggesting a direct effect of the virus on the phenotype of DPT cells in the liver. Our results suggest that, in half of the patients, chronic HCV infection promotes the production of DPT cells, perhaps by their re-induction in the thymus and selection in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Nascimbeni
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Pol
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
- Hepatology Unit of Cochin Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Saunier
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris-Descartes University, Paris, France
- Institut Cochin, UMR8104 of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientific (CNRS), Paris, France
- U1016 of the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Canine leishmaniosis. Immunophenotypic profile of leukocytes in different compartments of symptomatic, asymptomatic and treated dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2010; 137:275-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Matsumoto Y, Miura T, Akari H, Goto Y, Haga T. Peripheral blood CD4 and CD8 double-positive T cells of rhesus macaques become vulnerable to Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by in vitro stimulation due to the induction of CCR5. J Vet Med Sci 2010; 72:1057-61. [PMID: 20224239 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.09-0588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) challenge of macaques demonstrated the earlier disappearance of CD4 and CD8 double-positive (DP) T cells than CD4 single-positive T cells, although its mechanism remains unclear. Here we found that peripheral DP T cells were readily induced to express CCR5, a secondary receptor for SIV, by in vitro stimulation with either concanavalin A or anti-CD3/CD28 monoclonal antibodies. Activated DP T cells were more vulnerable to SIV infection, indicating that the ability of DP T cells to readily express CCR5 after activation may hasten DP T cell death by SIV infection in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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14
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Terao K. Essentials for starting a pediatric clinical study (3): Dynamic changes in early development of immune system in macaque monkeys--the significance from standpoint of preclinical toxicity test using nonhuman primates. J Toxicol Sci 2009; 34 Suppl 2:SP321-5. [PMID: 19571486 DOI: 10.2131/jts.34.sp321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Macaque monkeys are essential laboratory animals in preclinical safety assessment for human-specific biological products including humanized antibody drug. In most case, investigators are leaving their ages out of consideration, and young individuals aged around 3 years are mainly used because of their small individual differences in biological responses to various stimulations. Since the immune system starts to develop just after birth and remarkable phenotypic and functional changes occur in various kinds of immunocompetent cells during the first few years of life in macaque monkeys, their actual immunological condition must be carefully considered in case of safety assessment of novel drugs which modulate human immune function. The early development of major immune functions of macaque monkeys is summarized as follows. These findings suggest that immunocompetent cells drastically differentiate into activated ones during early development. 1) The serum immunoglobulin contents gradually rise with increasing age up to sexual maturity. 2) The blood group-associated antibodies, anti-A and anti-B antibody, are detected around 40-days of age and antibody levels rapidly increase after one year old. 3) Infant cynomolgus monkeys obviously produce the significant levels of IgG antibody against Campylobacter jejuni within 4 weeks after infection when maternal antibody becomes undetectable (8 weeks of age). 4) The frequency of lymphocyte subpopulations expressing the resting surface phenotypes is much higher than that having activated phenotypes in neonates, and the relative population of lymphocyte subsets with resting phenotype decrease with increasing age, while the subpopulation associated with activation gradually increase with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Terao
- Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaragi, Japan.
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15
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Phenotypic and functional characterization of HIV-1-specific CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in early and chronic HIV-1 infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2009; 50:444-56. [PMID: 19360930 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e31819aa8c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells represent a poorly characterized population of effector T cells found at low frequencies in the peripheral blood. Virus-specific DP T cells have been identified in HIV-1-infected patients but their origin, relationship to conventional CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells, and role in disease pathogenesis are unclear. METHODS In this study, peripheral blood T cells were analyzed for cytokine production, maturation, and cytolytic marker expression by polychromatic flow cytometry in subjects with both early (n = 27) and chronic (n = 21) HIV-1 infection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS HIV-1-specific interferon gamma (IFN-g)-producing DP T cells were identified at a median frequency of 0.48% compared with 1.08% and 0.02% for CD8 and CD4 SP cells, respectively, in response to pooled HIV-1 peptides. HIV-1- specific DP T cells exhibited polyfunctionality with characteristics of both CD4 and CD8 SP T cells, including coproduction of IFN-gamma and IL-2 and expression of cytolytic-associated lysosomal-associated membrane protein. No differences in frequencies of unstimulated DP T cells were observed in early compared with chronic infection. However, chronic infection was associated with higher frequencies of HIV-specific, IFN-gamma-producing DP T cells and higher fractions of effector memory and lysosomal-associated membrane protein expression among these cells, suggesting an effect of cumulative viral antigen burden on DP T-cell function.
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16
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Rahemtullah A, Harris NL, Dorn ME, Preffer FI, Hasserjian RP. Beyond the lymphocyte predominant cell: CD4+CD8+ T-cells in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2008; 49:1870-8. [PMID: 18949610 DOI: 10.1080/10428190802308728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphomas are characterised by the presence of rare malignant cells in a background of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells. Flow cytometric analysis of involved tissues is generally not thought to be useful in establishing the diagnosis, because of the small number of neoplastic cells present. However, two recent studies describing a CD4+CD8+ (double-positive) T-cell population in nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) suggest that flow cytometry could play a role in the diagnosis of this Hodgkin lymphoma subtype. In addition, awareness of this unusual T-cell population is important in avoiding a misdiagnosis of a T-cell neoplasm. Although the function of CD4+CD8+ T-cells in NLPHL is not known, studies of phenotypically similar cells in other settings point to a reactive or regulatory role. CD4+CD8+ T-cells have also been identified in the benign entity progressive transformation of germinal centres (PTGC), suggesting a possible relationship between NLPHL and PTGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliyah Rahemtullah
- James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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17
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Fritz EA, Geisbert JB, Geisbert TW, Hensley LE, Reed DS. Cellular Immune Response to Marburg Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques. Viral Immunol 2008; 21:355-63. [DOI: 10.1089/vim.2008.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Fritz
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
| | | | | | - Lisa E. Hensley
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland
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18
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Hokey DA, Johnson FB, Smith J, Weber JL, Yan J, Hirao L, Boyer JD, Lewis MG, Makedonas G, Betts MR, Weiner DB. Activation drives PD-1 expression during vaccine-specific proliferation and following lentiviral infection in macaques. Eur J Immunol 2008; 38:1435-45. [PMID: 18389475 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200737857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent data supports that increased expression of PD-1, a negative regulator of immune function, is associated with T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infection. However, PD-1 expression during acute infection and vaccination has not been studied in great detail in primates. Here, we examine PD-1 expression on CD3(+) T cells following DNA vaccination or lentiviral infection of macaques. Ex vivo peptide stimulation of PBMC from DNA-vaccinated uninfected macaques revealed a temporal increase in PD-1 expression in proliferating antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells. Following the initial increase, PD-1 expression steadily declined as proliferation continued, with a concomitant increase in IFN-gamma secretion. Subsequent examination of PD-1 expression on T cells from uninfected and lentivirus-infected non-vaccinated macaques revealed a significant increase in PD-1 expression with lentiviral infection, consistent with previous reports. PD-1 expression was highest on cells with activated memory and effector phenotypes. Despite their decreased telomere length, PD-1(hi) T cell populations do not appear to have statistically significant uncapped telomeres, typically indicative of proliferative exhaustion, suggesting a different mechanistic regulation of proliferation by PD-1. Our data indicate that PD-1 expression is increased as a result of T cell activation during a primary immune response as well as during persistent immune activation in macaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Hokey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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19
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Kato M, Watarai S, Nishikawa S, Iwasaki T, Kodama H. A novel culture method of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin a and recombinant human interleukin-2 for adoptive immunotherapy. J Vet Med Sci 2008; 69:481-6. [PMID: 17551220 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.69.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to develop a novel culture method for the efficient proliferation of canine peripheral blood lymphocytes (cPBL) for adoptive immunotherapy. When cPBL were cultured in the presence of concanavalin A (Con A), proliferation of cPBL was induced and expression of interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) which enables to respond to exogenously added IL-2 was upregulated. And then, when cPBL were cultured with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) in addition to Con A, proliferation was accelerated and increased to about 10-fold after 1 week. The phenotypic analysis showed that the main population of the cultured cPBL was consisted of CD8+ positive lymphocytes. Among them, CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) lymphocytes had significantly increased, and the ratio of CD4+ single positive (SP) lymphocytes to CD8+ SP lymphocytes (CD4+SP/CD8+SP) was decreased as compared to before culturing. To evaluate the cytotoxic activity of cPBL cultured with Con A and rhIL-2, furthermore, cytotoxic assay was carried out against xenogeneic melanoma cell line (MeWo), which resulted in MHC-unrestricted cytokilling. These results suggest that the culture method of cPBL by the use of Con A and rhIL-2 may be useful for generating lymphokine activated killer cells, and also this may be beneficial for adoptive immunotherapy of tumor-bearing dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Kato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, Division of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka, Japan
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20
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Macchia I, Gauduin MC, Kaur A, Johnson RP. Expression of CD8alpha identifies a distinct subset of effector memory CD4+ T lymphocytes. Immunology 2006; 119:232-42. [PMID: 16836648 PMCID: PMC1782346 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2006.02428.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating CD4+ CD8+ T lymphocytes have been described in the peripheral blood of humans and several animal species. However, the origin and functional properties of these cells remain poorly understood. In the present study, we evaluated the frequency, phenotype and function of peripheral CD4+ CD8+ T cells in rhesus macaques. Two distinct populations of CD4+ CD8+ T cells were identified: the dominant one was CD4hi CD8lo and expressed the CD8alphaalpha homodimer, while the minor population was CD4lo CD8hi and expressed the CD8alphabeta heterodimer. The majority of CD4hi CD8alphalo T cells exhibited an activated effector/memory phenotype (CCR5lo CD7- CD28- HLA-DR+) and expressed relatively high levels of granzyme B. Intracellular cytokine staining assays demonstrated that the frequency of cytomegalovirus-specific T cells was enriched five-fold in CD4hi CD8alphalo T cells compared to single-positive CD4+ T cells, whereas no consistent enrichment was observed for simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T cells. Cross-sectional studies of SIV-infected animals demonstrated that the frequency of CD4hi CD8alphalo T cells was lower in wild-type SIV-infected animals compared to uninfected controls, although prospective studies of SIV-infected animals demonstrated depletion of CD4hi CD8alphalo lymphocytes only in a subset of animals. Taken together, these data suggest that CD4+ T cells expressing CD8alpha represent an effector/memory subset of CD4+ T cells and that this cell population can be depleted during the course of SIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iole Macchia
- New England Primate Research Center, Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, and Infectious Disease Unit and Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, USA
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21
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Pahar B, Lackner AA, Veazey RS. Intestinal double-positive CD4+CD8+ T cells are highly activated memory cells with an increased capacity to produce cytokines. Eur J Immunol 2006; 36:583-92. [PMID: 16506292 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200535520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood and intestinal CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells have been described in several species including humans, but their function and immunophenotypic characteristics are still not clearly understood. Here we demonstrate that DP T cells are abundant in the intestinal lamina propria of normal rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Moreover, DP T cells have a memory phenotype and are capable of producing different and/or higher levels of cytokines and chemokines in response to mitogen stimulation compared to CD4+ single-positive T cells. Intestinal DP T cells are also highly activated and have higher expression of CCR5, which makes them preferred targets for simian immunodeficiency virus/HIV infection. Increased levels of CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR, and lower CD62L expression were found on intestinal DP T cells populations compared to CD4+ single-positive T cells. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that intestinal and peripheral blood DP T cells are effector cells and may be important in regulating immune responses, which distinguishes them from the immature DP cells found in the thymus. Finally, these intestinal DP T cells may be important target cells for HIV infection and replication due to their activation, memory phenotype and high expression of CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bapi Pahar
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
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22
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Vugmeyster Y, Howell K, Bakshi A, Flores C, Hwang O, McKeever K. B-cell subsets in blood and lymphoid organs in Macaca fascicularis. Cytometry A 2005; 61:69-75. [PMID: 15351991 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.20039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are widely used animal models in biomedical research. However, the phenotypic characteristics of cynomolgus monkey (CM) B cells in peripheral blood (PB) and lymphoid organs are poorly understood. METHODS FACS analyses of PB-, spleen-, lymph node (LN)-, and bone marrow (BM)-derived B cells were performed. RESULTS CM peripheral blood B cells have a smaller fraction of CD27(-) (naive) cells ( approximately 40%), as compared to human blood samples ( approximately 70%). Similar to humans, an early activation marker, CD23, is expressed more on CD27(-) CM naive B cells, as compared to CD27(+) B cells. The mean fraction of B cells exhibiting a memory phenotype is similar to that seen in human blood. Unlike humans, CM blood contains a subset of CD20(++)CD80(+)CD21(-)IgM(+/-)CD27(+)CD19(+)FSC(++)BAFF-R(low) B cells that are likely of germinal center origin. Thus, CM blood contains (i) a higher percentage of B cells that express the co-stimulatory molecule CD80, and (ii) a lower fraction of B cells that are CD21(+), as compared to human blood. Due to the relative paucity of information on B-cell subsets in organs of healthy humans, a direct comparison between human and CM lymphoid organ data is limited. The fraction of CD27(+) and CD23(+) B cells appears to be similar, while the fraction of CD80(+) B cells appears to be higher than that seen in human lymphoid organs. CM spleens and to some extent lymph nodes have a distinct subset of CD21(++) cells that are also CD80(+/-)CD23(low)IgM(++)CD27(+/-)FSC(++). This subset is phenotypically similar to the marginal zone B cells present in human spleen and LN samples. We also provide detailed analyses on the fraction of lymphoid organ B cells that express CD21, CD23, CD32, and/or CD80 B-cell markers. CONCLUSIONS In general, cynomolgus monkey B-cell subsets are similar to those seen in humans, as well as to those seen in other nonhuman primates. However, there are some clear differences between human and cynomolgus monkey B-cell subsets. These findings have direct implications for a variety of in vivo studies in cynomolgus monkeys, ranging from basic research on primate B-cell differentiation to models of infectious diseases and trials of new B-cell targeting therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Vugmeyster
- Bioanalytical Research and Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.
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23
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Okada H, Hirose Y, Manonmani P, Uda A, Ito M, Sankai T. Characterization of an immortalized oviduct cell line from the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J Med Primatol 2005; 34:67-72. [PMID: 15860112 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2005.00093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To establish reproductive biological techniques in mammals, it is important to understand the growth environment of the embryo. Oviduct epithelial cells are in close proximity to the embryo during pre-implantation development. We, therefore, established an immortalized oviduct epithelial cell line from the cynomolgus monkey, evaluated the usefulness of these cells as feeder cells for embryo culture, and investigated the gene expression of several growth factors and cytokines in the cells. The immortalized cells were positive for the anti-cytokeratin antibody, as determined by immunocytochemistry, indicating that they are epithelial. They also expressed oviductin, which is specific to oviduct epithelial cells, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (control), leukemia inhibitory factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor 1, transforming growth factor beta-2, and interleukin 4. Mouse embryo development was improved when the immortalized cells were used as feeder cells. This cell line is also useful for studying the factors secreted by oviduct epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okada
- Tsukuba Primate Center for Medical Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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24
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Nascimbeni M, Shin EC, Chiriboga L, Kleiner DE, Rehermann B. Peripheral CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells are differentiated effector memory cells with antiviral functions. Blood 2004; 104:478-86. [PMID: 15044252 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2003-12-4395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although an increased frequency of CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells has been observed in the peripheral blood during viral infections, their role, function, and biologic significance are still poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that the circulating CD4(+)CD8(+) T-cell population contains mature effector memory lymphocytes specific for antigens of multiple past, latent, and high-level persistent viral infections. Upon in vitro antigenic challenge, a higher frequency of CD4(+)CD8(+) than single-positive cells displayed a T helper 1/T cytotoxic 1 (Th1/Tc1) cytokine profile and proliferated. Ex vivo, more double-positive than single-positive cells exhibited a differentiated phenotype. Accordingly, their lower T-cell receptor excision circles (TREC) content and shorter telomeres proved they had divided more frequently than single-positive cells. Consistent with expression of the tissue-homing marker CXCR3, CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells were demonstrated in situ at the site of persistent viral infection (ie, in the liver during chronic hepatitis C). Finally, a prospective analysis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in a chimpanzee, the only animal model for HCV infection, showed a close correlation between the frequency of activated CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells and viral kinetics. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that peripheral CD4(+)CD8(+) T cells take part in the adaptive immune response against infectious pathogens and broaden the perception of the T-cell populations involved in antiviral immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelina Nascimbeni
- Liver Diseases Section, DDB, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, DHHS 10 Center Drive, Bldg 10, Room 9B16, Bethesda, MD 20892-1800, USA
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25
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Lee WW, Nam KH, Terao K, Akari H, Yoshikawa Y. Age-related increase of peripheral CD4+ CD8+ double-positive T lymphocytes in cynomolgus monkeys: longitudinal study in relation to thymic involution. Immunology 2003; 109:217-25. [PMID: 12757616 PMCID: PMC1782956 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2003.01646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related increase of peripheral CD4+ CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells in cynomolgus monkeys has been reported previously. Because the percentage of DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys increases abruptly in parallel with the thymic involution occurring at around 11 years of age, it was suggested that thymic involution was associated with this increase. Therefore, a longitudinal study was carried out over 5 years to clarify the exact time when DP T lymphocytes start to increase in relation to the thymic involution. Twelve cynomolgus monkeys at 6 years of age were classified into three groups, based on their percentage of DP T cells, as follows: DP-High (>5% DP T cells); DP-Middle (1-5% DP T cells); and DP-Low (<1% DP T cells). In the DP-High group, the percentage of DP T cells showed an abrupt increase, of >10%, in monkeys at 7 years of age, and the prevalence of this subset correlated with a distinctive increase in the percentage of memory T cells (CD4+ CD29(high), CD8+ CD28-), indicating an association with the maturation of immune function, including thymic involution. To assess the thymic function, the coding joint of T-cell receptor excision circles (cjTREC) levels in sorted T cells were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cjTREC in the T cells of the DP-High group (4362 +/- 3139 copies/105 T cells) was significantly lower than that (22 722 +/- 4928 copies/105 T cells) of the DP-Low group. Moreover, the mean copy number of cjTREC in naive T cells was also significantly different between the DP-High and the DP-Low group (0.457 +/- 0.181 and 1.141 +/- 0.107, respectively). These findings suggest that thymic involution has an influence on the age-related increase of DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Woo Lee
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Genetic Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyYusong, Daejon, South Korea
| | - Keiji Terao
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Akari
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
- Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School of Agricultural & Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyo, Japan
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26
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Meier WA, Galeota J, Osorio FA, Husmann RJ, Schnitzlein WM, Zuckermann FA. Gradual development of the interferon-gamma response of swine to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection or vaccination. Virology 2003; 309:18-31. [PMID: 12726723 DOI: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00009-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Infection of swine with virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus induced a rapid, robust antibody response that comprised predominantly nonneutralizing antibodies and waned after approximately 3 months. In contrast, the initial onset of virus-specific interferon (IFN)-gamma-secreting cells (SC) in the pig lymphocyte population remained at a fairly low level during this period and then increased gradually in frequency, plateauing at 6 months postinfection. A similar polarization of the host humoral and cellular immune responses was also observed in pigs immunized with a PRRS-modified live virus (MLV) vaccine. Even coadministration of an adjuvant that enhanced the immune response to a pseudorabies (PR) MLV vaccine failed to alter the induction of PRRS virus-specific IFN-gamma SC (comprising predominantly CD4/CD8 alpha double positive memory T cells with a minority being typical CD4(-)/CD8 alpha beta(+) T cells) and the generation of neutralizing antibodies. Moreover, unlike inactivated PR virus, nonviable PRRS virus did not elicit virus-neutralizing antibody production. Presumably, an intrinsic property of this pathogen delays the development of the host IFN-gamma response and preferentially stimulates the synthesis of antibodies incapable of neutralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Meier
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802-617, USA
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27
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Lee WW, Nam KH, Terao K, Yoshikawa Y. Possible Role of Genetic Factor(s) on Age-related Increase of Peripheral CD4+CD8+ Double Positive T Cells in Cynomolgus Monkeys. Exp Anim 2003; 52:309-16. [PMID: 14562607 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.52.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mature TCR alpha beta T cells in peripheral blood are generally classified into either CD4 single positive (sp) T cells or CD8sp T cells. Several studies demonstrated that considerable amounts of CD4+CD8+ double positive (DP) T cells exist in peripheral blood of human and several animals. In particular, we previously reported that peripheral DP T cells increase in an age-related manner in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), but the finding that DP T cells in some aged monkeys were maintained at a low proportion (under 5%), suggests that the increase in peripheral DP T cells might be genetically controlled in cynomolgus monkeys. To test this hypothesis, 24 families were randomly selected and used in a formal genetic analysis of the proportion of DP T cells. Parents and offspring in selected families were classified into DP-High and DP-Low groups based on a 5% cutoff level of DP T cells. The cutoff value was set by analysis of the distribution of the proportion of DP T cells. Nine out of 13 offspring (69.2%) with DP-High x DP-High parents belonged to the DP-High group, whereas three out of nine offspring (33.3%) belonged to DP-High group in the case of DP-High x DP-Low mating pairs. No offspring (0%) of two offspring with DP-Low x DP-Low parents belonged to the DP-High group. In addition, heritability (h2: narrow sense) obtained from the regression coefficient of offspring on mid-parent values was 0.54 +/- 0.19. Both findings suggest that increases in DP T cells in cynomolgus monkeys may be genetically controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Woo Lee
- Tsukuba Primate Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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28
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Jiménez E, Sacedón R, Vicente A, Hernández-López C, Zapata AG, Varas A. Rat peripheral CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes are partially immunocompetent thymus-derived cells that undergo post-thymic maturation to become functionally mature CD4+ T lymphocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2002; 168:5005-13. [PMID: 11994452 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.168.10.5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD8+ double-positive (DP) T cells represent a minor subpopulation of T lymphocytes found in the periphery of adult rats. In this study, we show that peripheral DP T cells appear among the first T cells that colonize the peripheral lymphoid organs during fetal life, and represent approximately 40% of peripheral T cells during the perinatal period. Later their proportion decreases to reach the low values seen in adulthood. Most DP T cells are small size lymphocytes that do not exhibit an activated phenotype, and their proliferative rate is similar to that of the other peripheral T cell subpopulations. Only 30-40% of DP T cells expresses CD8beta chain, the remaining cells expressing CD8alphaalpha homodimers. However, both DP T cell subsets have an intrathymic origin since they appear in the recent thymic emigrant population after injection of FITC intrathymically. Functionally, although DP T cells are resistant to undergo apoptosis in response to glucocorticoids, they show poor proliferative responses upon CD3/TCR stimulation due to their inability to produce IL-2. A fraction of DP T cells are not actively synthesizing the CD8 coreceptor, and they gradually differentiate to the CD4 cell lineage in reaggregation cultures. Transfer of DP T lymphocytes into thymectomized SCID mice demonstrates that these cells undergo post-thymic maturation in the peripheral lymphoid organs and that their CD4 cell progeny is fully immunocompetent, as judged by its ability to survive and expand in peripheral lymphoid organs, to proliferate in response to CD3 ligation, and to produce IL-2 upon stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jiménez
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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29
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Suni MA, Ghanekar SA, Houck DW, Maecker HT, Wormsley SB, Picker LJ, Moss RB, Maino VC. CD4(+)CD8(dim) T lymphocytes exhibit enhanced cytokine expression, proliferation and cytotoxic activity in response to HCMV and HIV-1 antigens. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:2512-20. [PMID: 11500836 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200108)31:8<2512::aid-immu2512>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD8(dim) T cells represent a minor subset of the total CD3(+) T cell population in peripheral blood. Although transient and persistent expansions of these cells have been reported in both healthy and diseased individuals, the functional properties of the CD4(+)CD8(dim) population are largely unknown. In this study, we examined antigen-specific cytokine and proliferative responses of the CD4(+)CD8(dim) subset. In whole blood cultures stimulated with the viral antigens HCMV and HIV-1, a significant fraction of the CD4(+)CD8(dim) subset exhibited cytokine expression and proliferation in response to antigen activation. Typically, the CD4(+)CD8(dim) population contained two- to eightfold higher frequencies of antigen-specific cytokine producing cells than the CD4(+)CD8(-) population. Phenotypic analysis of the cytokine expressing CD4(+)CD8(dim) population indicated that these cells are memory T cells, with a high frequency of this population expressing the cytotoxic markers CD56 and perforin. Furthermore, the CD4(+)CD8(dim) cytokine responses to CMV were shown to be MHC class II dependent. Significantly, purified CD4(+)CD8(dim) T cells were found to possess higher CMV-specific cytotoxic activity than purified CD4(+)CD8(-) T cells in a standard (51)Cr-release CTL assay. Thus, CD4(+)CD8(dim) T cells appear to be MHC class II dependent, are capable of cytolytic effector activity, and are highly enriched within the CD4(+) cell populations specific for HCMV and HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Suni
- BD Biosciences, Immunocytometry Systems, San Jose, CA 95131, USA.
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