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Calanca N, Faldoni FLC, Souza CP, Souza JS, de Souza Alves BE, Soares MBP, Wong DVT, Lima-Junior RCP, Marchi FA, Rainho CA, Rogatto SR. Inflammatory breast cancer microenvironment repertoire based on DNA methylation data deconvolution reveals actionable targets to enhance the treatment efficacy. J Transl Med 2024; 22:735. [PMID: 39103878 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05553-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the clinical signs of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) resemble acute inflammation, the role played by infiltrating immune and stromal cells in this aggressive disease is uncharted. The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents molecular alterations, such as epimutations, prior to morphological abnormalities. These changes affect the distribution and the intricate communication between the TME components related to cancer prognosis and therapy response. Herein, we explored the global DNA methylation profile of IBC and surrounding tissues to estimate the microenvironment cellular composition and identify epigenetically dysregulated markers. METHODS We used the HiTIMED algorithm to deconvolve the bulk DNA methylation data of 24 IBC and six surrounding non-tumoral tissues (SNT) (GSE238092) and determine their cellular composition. The prognostic relevance of cell types infiltrating IBC and their relationship with clinicopathological variables were investigated. CD34 (endothelial cell marker) and CD68 (macrophage marker) immunofluorescence staining was evaluated in an independent set of 17 IBC and 16 non-IBC samples. RESULTS We found lower infiltration of endothelial, stromal, memory B, dendritic, and natural killer cells in IBC than in SNT samples. Higher endothelial cell (EC) and stromal cell content were related to better overall survival. EC proportions positively correlated with memory B and memory CD8+ T infiltration in IBC. Immune and EC markers exhibited distinct DNA methylation profiles between IBC and SNT samples, revealing hypermethylated regions mapped to six genes (CD40, CD34, EMCN, HLA-G, PDPN, and TEK). We identified significantly higher CD34 and CD68 protein expression in IBC compared to non-IBC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscored cell subsets that distinguished patients with better survival and dysregulated markers potentially actionable through combinations of immunotherapy and epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiade Calanca
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, Vejle, DK, 7100, Denmark
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Flavia Lima Costa Faldoni
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, Vejle, DK, 7100, Denmark
| | - Cristiano Pádua Souza
- Medical Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Pio XII Foundation, Barretos, SP, 14784-400, Brazil
| | | | - Bianca Elen de Souza Alves
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Milena Botelho Pereira Soares
- Health Technology Institute, SENAI CIMATEC, Salvador, BA, 41650-010, Brazil
- Gonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Deysi Viviana Tenazoa Wong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Roberto César Pereira Lima-Junior
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Drug Research and Development Center (NPDM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Fabio Albuquerque Marchi
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, 05402-000, Brazil
- Center for Translational Research in Oncology, Cancer Institute of the State of São Paulo (ICESP), São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Claudia Aparecida Rainho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, 18618-689, Brazil
| | - Silvia Regina Rogatto
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Beriderbakken 4, Vejle, DK, 7100, Denmark.
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, 5000, Denmark.
- Botucatu Medical School Hospital, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Hu Z, Cano I, Lei F, Liu J, Ramos RB, Gordon H, Paschalis EI, Saint-Geniez M, Ng YSE, D'Amore PA. Deletion of the endothelial glycocalyx component endomucin leads to impaired glomerular structure and function. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603749. [PMID: 39071302 PMCID: PMC11275787 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Background Endomucin (EMCN), an endothelial-specific glycocalyx component, was found to be highly expressed by the endothelium of the renal glomerulus. We reported an anti-inflammatory role of EMCN and its involvement in the regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) activity through modulating VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) endocytosis. The goal of this study is to investigate the phenotypic and functional effects of EMCN deficiency using the first global EMCN knockout mouse model. Methods Global EMCN knockout mice were generated by crossing EMCN-floxed mice with ROSA26-Cre mice. Flow cytometry was employed to analyze infiltrating myeloid cells in the kidneys. The ultrastructure of the glomerular filtration barrier was examined by transmission electron microscopy, while urinary albumin, creatinine, and total protein levels were analyzed from freshly collected urine samples. Expression and localization of EMCN, EGFP, CD45, CD31, CD34, podocin, albumin, and α-smooth muscle actin were examined by immunohistochemistry. Mice were weighed regularly, and their systemic blood pressure was measured using a non-invasive tail-cuff system. Glomerular endothelial cells and podocytes were isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting for RNA-seq. Transcriptional profiles were analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes in both endothelium and podocytes, followed by gene ontology analysis of up- and down-regulated genes. Protein levels of EMCN, albumin, and podocin were quantified by Western blot. Results EMCN -/- mice were viable with no gross anatomical defects in kidneys. The EMCN -/- mice exhibited increased infiltration of CD45 + cells, with an increased proportion of Ly6G high Ly6C high myeloid cells and higher VCAM-1 expression. EMCN -/- mice displayed albuminuria with increased albumin in the Bowman's space compared to the EMCN +/+ littermates. Glomeruli in EMCN -/- mice revealed fused and effaced podocyte foot processes and disorganized endothelial fenestrations. We found no significant difference in blood pressure between EMCN knockout mice and their wild-type littermates. RNA-seq of glomerular endothelial cells revealed downregulation of cell-cell adhesion and MAPK/ERK pathways, along with glycocalyx and extracellular matrix remodeling. In podocytes, we observed reduced VEGF signaling and alterations in cytoskeletal organization. Notably, there was a significant decrease in both mRNA and protein levels of podocin, a key component of the slit diaphragm. Conclusion Our study demonstrates a critical role of the endothelial marker EMCN in supporting normal glomerular filtration barrier structure and function by maintaining glomerular endothelial tight junction and homeostasis and podocyte function through endothelial-podocyte crosstalk.
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Shintani A, Fukai S, Nobusawa R, Taniguchi K, Hatatani T, Nagai H, Sakai T, Yoshimura T, Miyasaka M, Hayasaka H. Dach1 transcription factor regulates the expression of peripheral node addressin and lymphocyte trafficking in lymph nodes. CURRENT RESEARCH IN IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 3:175-185. [PMID: 36045707 PMCID: PMC9421177 DOI: 10.1016/j.crimmu.2022.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocytes regulate the immune response by circulating between the vascular and lymphatic systems. High endothelial venules, HEVs, special blood vessels expressing selective adhesion molecules, such as PNAd and MAdCAM-1, mediate naïve lymphocyte migration from the vasculature into the lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. We have identified that DACH1 is abundantly expressed in developing HEV-type endothelial cells. DACH1 showed a restricted expression pattern in lymph node blood vessels during the late fetal and early neonatal periods, corresponding to HEV development. The proportion of MAdCAM-1+ and CD34+ endothelial cells is reduced in the lymph nodes of neonatal conventional and vascular-specific Dach1-deficient mice. Dach1-deficient lymph nodes in adult mice demonstrated a lower proportion of PNAd+ cells and lower recruitment of intravenously administered lymphocytes from GFP transgenic mice. These findings suggest that DACH1 promotes the expression of HEV-selective adhesion molecules and mediates lymphocyte trafficking across HEVs into lymph nodes. The high endothelial venules, HEVs, develop in a tissue-specific manner and permit lymphocyte trafficking. The transcription factor DACH1 exhibit a restricted expression pattern in the blood vessels of developing lymph nodes. The blood vessel-specific Dach1-deficient lymph nodes exhibit a reduced proportion of HEVs and lymphocyte recruitment.
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Fernandez-Flores A, Suarez Peñaranda JM, De Toro G, Alvarez Cuesta CC, Fernández-Figueras MT, Kempf W, Monteagudo C. Expression of Peripheral Node Addressins by Plasmacytic Plaque of Children, APACHE, TRAPP, and Primary Cutaneous Angioplasmacellular Hyperplasia. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:411-419. [PMID: 29994799 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
High-endothelial venules are a common feature of 3 types of cutaneous pseudolymphomas: pretibial lymphoplasmacytic plaque (PLP) of children, acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of children (APACHE), and T-cell rich angiomatoid polypoid pseudolymphoma (TRAPP). In addition, primary cutaneous angioplasmacellular hyperplasia (PCAH) overlaps with these other 3 conditions. We intend to study the expression of peripheral node addressins in PLP, APACHE, TRAPP, and PCAH. We studied 1 case of PLP, 2 cases of APACHE, 2 cases of TRAPP, and 2 cases of PCAH. Immunostainings for MECA-79 and WT-1 were obtained in all cases. All cases showed a dense lymphohistiocytic dermal inflammatory infiltrate with abundant plasma cells. In addition, HEV were prominent in all cases. Cases of PLP, APACHE, and TRAPP expressed MECA-1. Cases of PCAH did not express MECA-1. Although PLP, APACHE, and TRAPP seem to fall under the same morphologic spectrum with different clinical representations, PCAH seems to be a different entity, with histopathologic peculiarities and a different immunophenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José M Suarez Peñaranda
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Clínico.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Sciences, Univesity of Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Gonzalo De Toro
- Pathology Service Puerto Montt Hospital, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Werner Kempf
- Kempf und Pfaltz Histologic Diagnosis, Zürich, Switzerland
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Zhang J, Ju N, Yang X, Chen L, Yu C. The α1,3-fucosyltransferase FUT7 regulates IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion via fucosylation of endomucin. Life Sci 2017; 192:231-237. [PMID: 29138114 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Monocyte-endothelial adhesion is a hallmark feature of atherosclerosis at early stage and emerging evidence suggests that the glycosylation of vascular adhesive molecules and its ligands is involved in this process. Nevertheless, the mechanism underlying this process remains incompletely elucidated. In this study, we reported that treatment with inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) pronouncedly upregulated α1,3-fucosyltransferase VII gene (FUT7) mRNA and protein expression level in EA.hy926 endothelial cells. Moreover, FUT7 overexpression significantly promoted monocyte-endothelial adhesion, while FUT7 knockdown obviously inhibited IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Further analysis demonstrated that fucosylation of selectin ligand endomucin was directly involved in IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. Finally, we demonstrated that p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK signaling pathway was activated by IL-1β, while inhibition of p38/ERK signaling pathway decreased FUT7 expression level and IL-1β-induced monocyte-endothelial adhesion. In summary, these results provide a novel insight that FUT7-mediated fucosylation contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Nana Ju
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Xi Yang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Linmu Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China
| | - Chao Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China; College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, PR China.
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TAKEDA A, SASAKI N, MIYASAKA M. The molecular cues regulating immune cell trafficking. PROCEEDINGS OF THE JAPAN ACADEMY. SERIES B, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 2017; 93:183-195. [PMID: 28413196 PMCID: PMC5489428 DOI: 10.2183/pjab.93.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocyte recirculation between the blood and the lymphoid/non-lymphoid tissues is an essential homeostatic mechanism that regulates humoral and cellular immune responses in vivo. This system promotes the encounter of naïve T and B cells with their specific cognate antigen presented by dendritic cells, and with the regulatory cells with which they need to interact to initiate, maintain, and terminate immune responses. The constitutive lymphocyte trafficking is mediated by particular types of blood vessels, including the high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymph nodes and Peyer's patches, and the flat-walled venules in non-lymphoid tissues including the skin. The lymphocyte migration across HEVs involves tethering/rolling, arrest/firm adhesion/intraluminal crawling, and transendothelial migration. On the other hand, relatively little is known about how lymphocytes and other types of cells migrate across the venules of non-lymphoid tissues. Here we summarize recent findings about the molecular mechanisms that govern immune cell trafficking, including the roles of chemokines and lysophospholipids in regulating immune cell motility and endothelial permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira TAKEDA
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Naoko SASAKI
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masayuki MIYASAKA
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Academic Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
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Gene-expression profiling of different arms of lymphatic vasculature identifies candidates for manipulation of cell traffic. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:10643-8. [PMID: 27601677 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1602357113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Afferent lymphatic vessels bring antigens and diverse populations of leukocytes to draining lymph nodes, whereas efferent lymphatics allow only lymphocytes and antigens to leave the nodes. Despite the fundamental importance of afferent vs. efferent lymphatics in immune response and cancer spread, the molecular characteristics of these different arms of the lymphatic vasculature are largely unknown. The objective of this work was to explore molecular differences behind the distinct functions of afferent and efferent lymphatic vessels, and find possible molecules mediating lymphocyte traffic. We used laser-capture microdissection and cell sorting to isolate lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) from the subcapsular sinus (SS, afferent) and lymphatic sinus (LS, efferent) for transcriptional analyses. The results reveal marked differences between afferent and efferent LECs and identify molecules on lymphatic vessels. Further characterizations of Siglec-1 (CD169) and macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (MSR1/CD204), show that they are discriminatively expressed on lymphatic endothelium of the SS but not on lymphatic vasculature of the LS. In contrast, endomucin (EMCN) is present on the LS endothelium and not on lymphatic endothelium of the SS. Moreover, both murine and human MSR1 on lymphatic endothelium of the SS bind lymphocytes and in in vivo studies MSR1 regulates entrance of lymphocytes from the SS to the lymph node parenchyma. In conclusion, this paper reports surprisingly distinct molecular profiles for afferent and efferent lymphatics and a function for MSR1. These results may open avenues to explore some of the now-identified molecules as targets to manipulate the function of lymphatic vessels.
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Zahr A, Alcaide P, Yang J, Jones A, Gregory M, dela Paz NG, Patel-Hett S, Nevers T, Koirala A, Luscinskas FW, Saint-Geniez M, Ksander B, D'Amore PA, Argüeso P. Endomucin prevents leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and has a critical role under resting and inflammatory conditions. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10363. [PMID: 26831939 PMCID: PMC4740757 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endomucin is a membrane-bound glycoprotein expressed luminally by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules, a primary site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Here we show that endomucin abrogation on quiescent endothelial cells enables neutrophils to adhere firmly, via LFA-1-mediated binding to ICAM-1 constitutively expressed by endothelial cells. Moreover, TNF-α stimulation downregulates cell surface expression of endomucin concurrent with increased expression of adhesion molecules. Adenovirus-mediated expression of endomucin under inflammatory conditions prevents neutrophil adhesion in vitro and reduces the infiltration of CD45+ and NIMP-R14+ cells in vivo. These results indicate that endomucin prevents leukocyte contact with adhesion molecules in non-inflamed tissues and that downregulation of endomucin is critical to facilitate adhesion of leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Endomucin is expressed by endothelial cells that line postcapillary venules—the site of leukocyte recruitment during inflammation. Zahr et al. show that endomucin is an anti-adhesive molecule that is downregulated by the cytokine TNF-a and thereby helps in the transition from a quiescent to a pro-adhesive inflamed endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisar Zahr
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Pilar Alcaide
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Jinling Yang
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Alexander Jones
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Meredith Gregory
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Nathaniel G dela Paz
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Sunita Patel-Hett
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Tania Nevers
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adarsha Koirala
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Francis W Luscinskas
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Magali Saint-Geniez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Bruce Ksander
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Patricia A D'Amore
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.,Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Schepens Eye Research Institute/Massachusetts Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, 20 Staniford Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Kizhatil K, Ryan M, Marchant JK, Henrich S, John SWM. Schlemm's canal is a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic phenotypes that forms by a novel developmental process. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001912. [PMID: 25051267 PMCID: PMC4106723 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A draining vessel in the eye arises via a novel hybrid process of vascular development and is important for understanding ocular fluid homeostasis and glaucoma. Schlemm's canal (SC) plays central roles in ocular physiology. These roles depend on the molecular phenotypes of SC endothelial cells (SECs). Both the specific phenotype of SECs and development of SC remain poorly defined. To allow a modern and extensive analysis of SC and its origins, we developed a new whole-mount procedure to visualize its development in the context of surrounding tissues. We then applied genetic lineage tracing, specific-fluorescent reporter genes, immunofluorescence, high-resolution confocal microscopy, and three-dimensional (3D) rendering to study SC. Using these techniques, we show that SECs have a unique phenotype that is a blend of both blood and lymphatic endothelial cell phenotypes. By analyzing whole mounts of postnatal mouse eyes progressively to adulthood, we show that SC develops from blood vessels through a newly discovered process that we name “canalogenesis.” Functional inhibition of KDR (VEGFR2), a critical receptor in initiating angiogenesis, shows that this receptor is required during canalogenesis. Unlike angiogenesis and similar to stages of vasculogenesis, during canalogenesis tip cells divide and form branched chains prior to vessel formation. Differing from both angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, during canalogenesis SECs express Prox1, a master regulator of lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic phenotypes. Thus, SC development resembles a blend of vascular developmental programs. These advances define SC as a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic phenotypes. They are important for dissecting its functions that are essential for ocular health and normal vision. Schlemm's canal serves as a drainage tube for fluid from the anterior chamber of the eye and is directly relevant to glaucoma, a disease that causes vision loss in over 70 million people. Aqueous humor enters the canal and then drains into connected veins. Molecular understanding of the development of Schlemm's canal and its drainage functions has remained limited. We provide a detailed characterization of Schlemm's canal development, and in so doing discover a novel process of vascular development that we name “canalogenesis.” We show that although the process requires a functional KDR receptor, which is also critical in blood vessel development, the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal have a unique hybrid molecular phenotype, expressing proteins that are characteristic of both blood and lymphatic vessels. Of note, the expression of Prox1, a master regulator of lymphatic fate, and other lymphatic proteins are largely restricted to specialized cells of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal through which the aqueous humor passes as it exits the eye. Thus, Prox1 and other lymphatic proteins may be critical for the functional specialization of these cells for aqueous humor drainage. Schlemm's canal is thus a unique vessel with a combination of blood vascular and lymphatic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnakumar Kizhatil
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Margaret Ryan
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey K. Marchant
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Stephen Henrich
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
| | - Simon W. M. John
- The Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology and Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Jiang X, Wang H, Li Z, Wei D, Yang Y, Zheng X, Bi J, Zhang C. A monoclonal antibody against a novel Sialomucin CD300LG. Monoclon Antib Immunodiagn Immunother 2013; 32:91-7. [PMID: 23607343 DOI: 10.1089/mab.2012.0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD300LG is a novel O-glycosylated member of the CD300 antigen-like family. Besides a classical mucin-like domain, it contains a V-type Ig domain. CD300LG binds lymphocyte L-selectin via its Ig domain and supports lymphocyte rolling via its mucin-like domain. The unique structure and function of CD300LG suggest it may play an important role in inflammation. For preparation of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against human CD300LG, prokaryotic and eukaryotic expressing human CD300LG proteins were used as immunogen and detection antigen, respectively. One stable strain of hybridomas (3C7C5A6) was successfully established using the hybridoma technique. The Western blot and immunohistochemistry analyses demonstrated that the MAb was directed against human CD300LG with high specificity. This antibody could possibly facilitate studies on the pathomechanism of inflammation and may have the potential to be a means of effective anti-inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Jiang
- Department of Immunology, West China School of Preclinical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Mienaltowski MJ, Adams SM, Birk DE. Regional differences in stem cell/progenitor cell populations from the mouse achilles tendon. Tissue Eng Part A 2012; 19:199-210. [PMID: 22871316 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific niches may affect how cells from different regions contribute to tendon biology, particularly in regard to the healing of certain tendinopathies. The objectives of this study are to determine whether distinct subpopulations of stem/progenitor cells are found within the tendon proper and the epi- and paratenon, the peritenon, as well as to characterize these stem/progenitor cell populations. In this study, we hypothesized that tendon stem/progenitor cells exist in each region, that these populations possess distinct features, and that these populations while multipotent could have differing potentials. To test this hypothesis, stem/progenitor cells were isolated and characterized from the peritenon and tendon proper of mouse Achilles tendons. Colony-forming unit and multipotency assays, as well as flow cytometry, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses of stem cell markers were performed. Significantly, more stem/progenitor cell colonies were observed from cells derived from the tendon proper relative to the peritenon. Analysis of surface markers for stem/progenitor cells from both regions indicated that they were Sca1(+) (stem cell marker), Cd90(+) and Cd44(+) (fibroblast markers), Cd18(-) (leukocyte marker), Cd34(-) (hematopoietic and vascular marker), and Cd133(-) (perivascular marker). Tendon proper stem/progenitor cells had increased expression levels for tenomodulin (Tnmd) and scleraxis (Scx), indicative of enrichment of stem/progenitor cells of a tendon origin. In contrast, cells of the peritenon demonstrated relative increases in the vascular (endomucin) and pericyte (Cd133) markers relative to cells from the tendon proper. Stem/progenitor cells from both regions were multipotent (adipogenic, chondrogenic, osteogenic, and tenogenic). These findings demonstrated that different progenitor populations exist within discrete niches of the Achilles tendon-tendon proper versus peritenon. Overall, these data support the hypothesis that the progenitor pools from both regions have distinct properties and contain enriched progenitor subpopulations of different origins. Moreover, in considering their roles in tendon healing more broadly, they are potential cell sources that may differentially contribute to intrinsic and extrinsic tendon repair mechanisms. That is, intrinsic repair may require a progenitor class with predominant tendon marker expression, while extrinsic repair may involve a progenitor class recruited from perivascular cells of the peritenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Mienaltowski
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Kasprzak A, Surdacka A, Tomczak M, Konkol M. Role of high endothelial postcapillary venules and selected adhesion molecules in periodontal diseases: a review. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:1-21. [PMID: 22582923 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2012.01492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is accompanied by the proliferation of small blood vessels in the gingival lamina propria. Specialized postcapillary venules, termed periodontal high endothelial-like venules, are also present, and demonstrate morphological and functional traits similar to those of high endothelial venules (HEVs) in lymphatic organs. The suggested role of HEVs in the pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis involves participation in leukocyte transendothelial migration and therefore proinflammatory effects appear. Recent observations suggest that chronic periodontitis is an independent risk factor for systemic vascular disease and may result in stimulation of the synthesis of acute phase protein by cytokines released by periodontal high endothelial cells (HECs). However, tissue expression of HEV-linked adhesion molecules has not been evaluated in the gingiva of patients with chronic periodontitis. This is significant in relation to potential therapy targeting expression of the adhesion molecules. In this review, current knowledge of HEV structure and the related expression of four surface adhesion molecules of HECs [CD34, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1, endoglin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)], involved in the key steps of the adhesion cascade in periodontal diseases, are discussed. Most studies on the expression of adhesion molecules in the development and progression of periodontal diseases pertain to ICAM-1 (CD54). Studies by the authors demonstrated quantitatively similar expression of three of four selected surface markers in gingival HEVs of patients with chronic periodontitis and in HEVs of reactive lymph nodes, confirming morphological and functional similarity of HEVs in pathologically altered tissues with those in lymphoid tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kasprzak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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Czömpöly T, Lábadi A, Kellermayer Z, Olasz K, Arnold HH, Balogh P. Transcription factor Nkx2-3 controls the vascular identity and lymphocyte homing in the spleen. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 186:6981-9. [PMID: 21593383 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1003770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The vasculature in the spleen and peripheral lymph nodes (pLNs) is considerably different, which affects both homing of lymphocytes and antigenic access to these peripheral lymphoid organs. In this paper, we demonstrate that in mice lacking the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2-3, the spleen develops a pLN-like mRNA expression signature, coupled with the appearance of high endothelial venules (HEVs) that mediate L-selectin-dependent homing of lymphocytes into the mutant spleen. These ectopic HEV-like vessels undergo postnatal maturation and progressively replace MAdCAM-1 by pLN addressin together with the display of CCL21 arrest chemokine in a process that is reminiscent of HEV formation in pLNs. Similarly to pLNs, development of HEV-like vessels in the Nkx2-3-deficient spleen depends on lymphotoxin-β receptor-mediated signaling. The replacement of splenic vessels with a pLN-patterned vasculature impairs the recirculation of adoptively transferred lymphocytes and reduces the uptake of blood-borne pathogens. The Nkx2-3 mutation in BALB/c background causes a particularly disturbed splenic architecture, characterized by the near complete lack of the red pulp, without affecting lymph nodes. Thus, our observations reveal that the organ-specific patterning of splenic vasculature is critically regulated by Nkx2-3, thereby profoundly affecting the lymphocyte homing mechanism and blood filtering capacity of the spleen in a tissue-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Czömpöly
- Department of Immunology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Cheng PW, Radhakrishnan P. Mucin O-glycan branching enzymes: structure, function, and gene regulation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 705:465-92. [PMID: 21618125 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-7877-6_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pi-Wan Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, USA.
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NISHIMOTO KAZUMASA, IKARI KATSUNORI, KANEKO HIROTAKA, TSUKAHARA SO, KOCHI YUTA, YAMAMOTO KAZUHIKO, NAKAMURA YUSUKE, TOYAMA YOSHIAKI, TANIGUCHI ATSUO, YAMANAKA HISASHI, MOMOHARA SHIGEKI. Association ofEMCNwith Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis in a Japanese Population. J Rheumatol 2010; 38:221-8. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Endomucin, an endothelial-specific sialomucin, is thought to facilitate “lymphocyte homing” to synovial tissues, resulting in the major histopathologies of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We examined the association between RA susceptibility and the gene coding endomucin,EMCN.Methods.Association studies were conducted with 2 DNA sample sets (initial set of 1504 patients, 752 controls; and validation set, 1113 patients, 940 controls) using 6 tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from the Japanese HapMap database. Immunohistochemistry for the expression of endomucin was conducted with synovial tissues from 4 patients with RA during total knee arthroplasty. Electromobility shift assays were performed for the functional study of identified polymorphisms.Results.Within the initial sample set, the strongest evidence of an association with RA susceptibility was SNP rs3775369 (OR 1.20, p = 0.0075). While the subsequent replication study did not initially confirm the observed significant association (OR 1.13, p = 0.062), an in-depth stratified analysis revealed significant association in patients testing positive to anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) antibody in the replication data set (OR 1.15, p = 0.044). Investigating 2 sample sets, significant associations were detected in overall and stratified samples with anti-CCP antibody status (OR 1.17, p = 0.0015). Positive staining for endomucin was detected in all patients. The allele associated with RA susceptibility had a higher binding affinity for HEK298-derived nuclear factors compared to the nonsusceptible allelic variant of rs3775369.Conclusion.A significant association betweenEMCNand RA susceptibility was detected in our Japanese study population. TheEMCNallele conferring RA susceptibility may also contribute to the pathogenesis of RA.
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Hayasaka H, Taniguchi K, Fukai S, Miyasaka M. Neogenesis and development of the high endothelial venules that mediate lymphocyte trafficking. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:2302-8. [PMID: 20726857 PMCID: PMC11158135 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01687.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiological recruitment of lymphocytes from the blood into lymph nodes and Peyer's patches is mediated by high endothelial venules (HEV), specialized blood vessels found in secondary lymphoid tissues except for the spleen. The HEV are distinguished from other types of blood vessels by their tall and plump endothelial cells, and by their expression of specific chemokines and adhesion molecules, which all contribute to the selective lymphocyte trafficking across these blood vessels. The development of HEV is ontogenically regulated, and they appear perinatally in the mouse. High endothelial venules can appear ectopically, for instance in chronically inflamed tissues. Given that HEV enable the efficient trafficking of lymphocytes into tissues, the induction of HEV at a tumor site could potentiate tumor-specific immune responses, and the artificial manipulation of HEV neogenesis might thus provide a new tool for cancer immunotherapy. However, the process of HEV development and the mechanisms by which the unique features of HEV are maintained are incompletely understood. In this review, we discuss the process of HEV neogenesis and development during ontogeny, and their molecular requirements for maintaining their unique characteristics under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Hayasaka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine Laboratory of Immunodynamics, WPI Immunology Frontier Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Matsumoto M, Miyasaka M, Hirata T. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 negatively regulates T-cell immune responses. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:7204-11. [PMID: 19890058 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Cell surface sialomucins often act as antiadhesive molecules by virtue of their extended structure and negative charge. CD43 is one such sialomucin, expressed on most leukocytes. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) is another sialomucin expressed by leukocytes. It serves as a major selectin ligand, but no antiadhesive role for it has been described. In this study, we showed that PSGL-1-deficient T cells, like CD43-deficient T cells, exhibited increased adhesion and proliferation compared with wild-type cells. The loss of both PSGL-1 and CD43 led to a further increase in T cell adhesion and proliferation. The reexpression of full-length PSGL-1 or CD43 in double-deficient CD4(+) T cells reversed their increased adhesion and proliferation phenotype. Using chimeric constructs of human CD8 and either PSGL-1 or CD43, we demonstrated that the intracellular domain of PSGL-1 or CD43 is required for suppressing proliferation but not adhesion. Furthermore, in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease induced by the adoptive transfer of naive T cells into RAG-deficient hosts, a PSGL-1 deficiency exacerbated the development of inflammation. These results reveal a novel regulatory role for PSGL-1 in T cell adhesion and proliferation and suggest that PSGL-1 negatively regulates T cell immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine and World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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Yu SY, Wu SW, Hsiao HH, Khoo KH. Enabling techniques and strategic workflow for sulfoglycomics based on mass spectrometry mapping and sequencing of permethylated sulfated glycans. Glycobiology 2009; 19:1136-49. [PMID: 19671626 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfate modifications on terminal epitopes of N- and O-glycans have increasingly been implicated as critical determinants mediating a diverse range of biological recognition functions. To address these low abundance but important sulfated glycans, and the sulfoglycome in general, further development of enrichment strategies and enabling mass spectrometry (MS)-based mapping techniques are needed. In this report, we demonstrate that the sulfated glycans, with and without additional sialylation, can be successfully permethylated by the sodium hydroxide slurry method and be distinguished from phosphorylated glycans by virtue of this derivatization. In conjunction with simple microscale postderivatization fractionation steps, permethyl derivatives fully retaining the negatively charged sulfate moiety and separated from the nonsulfated ones, can be efficiently detected and sequenced de novo by advanced MS/MS in the positive-ion mode. In particular, we show that the highly sequence and linkage informative high energy collision induced dissociation (CID) MS/MS afforded by MALDI-TOF/TOF can be extended to sulfoglycomic applications. The sulfated parent ion selected for CID MS/MS was found to mostly retain the sulfate moiety and therefore allow efficient fragmentation via the usual array of glycosidic, cross ring, and concerted double cleavages. Collectively, the optimized strategy enables a high sensitivity detection and critical mapping of the sulfoglycome such as the one derived from lymph node tissues or cell lines in both negative and positive-ion modes. Novel sulfated epitopes were identified from a crude mouse lymph node preparation, which fully attested to the practical utility of the methodology developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Yi Yu
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Umemoto E, Tanaka T, Kanda H, Jin S, Tohya K, Otani K, Matsutani T, Matsumoto M, Ebisuno Y, Jang MH, Fukuda M, Hirata T, Miyasaka M. Nepmucin, a novel HEV sialomucin, mediates L-selectin-dependent lymphocyte rolling and promotes lymphocyte adhesion under flow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 203:1603-14. [PMID: 16754720 PMCID: PMC2118321 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20052543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocyte trafficking to lymph nodes (LNs) is initiated by the interaction between lymphocyte L-selectin and certain sialomucins, collectively termed peripheral node addressin (PNAd), carrying specific carbohydrates expressed by LN high endothelial venules (HEVs). Here, we identified a novel HEV-associated sialomucin, nepmucin (mucin not expressed in Peyer's patches [PPs]), that is expressed in LN HEVs but not detectable in PP HEVs at the protein level. Unlike conventional sialomucins, nepmucin contains a single V-type immunoglobulin (Ig) domain and a mucin-like domain. Using materials affinity-purified from LN lysates with soluble L-selectin, we found that two higher molecular weight species of nepmucin (75 and 95 kD) were decorated with oligosaccharides that bind L-selectin as well as an HEV-specific MECA-79 monoclonal antibody. Electron microscopic analysis showed that nepmucin accumulates in the extended luminal microvillus processes of LN HEVs. Upon appropriate glycosylation, nepmucin supported lymphocyte rolling via its mucin-like domain under physiological flow conditions. Furthermore, unlike most other sialomucins, nepmucin bound lymphocytes via its Ig domain, apparently independently of lymphocyte function–associated antigen 1 and very late antigen 4, and promoted shear-resistant lymphocyte binding in combination with intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Collectively, these results suggest that nepmucin may serve as a dual-functioning PNAd in LN HEVs, mediating both lymphocyte rolling and binding via different functional domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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21
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Matsumoto M, Atarashi K, Umemoto E, Furukawa Y, Shigeta A, Miyasaka M, Hirata T. CD43 functions as a ligand for E-Selectin on activated T cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:8042-50. [PMID: 16339541 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.12.8042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
E-selectin, an inducible cell adhesion molecule expressed on endothelial cells, mediates the rolling on endothelium of leukocytes expressing E-selectin ligands, such as neutrophils and activated T cells. Although previous studies using mice lacking P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) have indicated that PSGL-1 on Th1 cells functions as an E-selectin ligand, the molecular nature of E-selectin ligands other than PSGL-1 remains unknown. In this study, we show that a 130-kDa glycoprotein was precipitated by an E-selectin-IgG chimera from mouse Th1 cells. This protein was cleaved by O-sialoglycoprotein endopeptidase and required sialic acid for E-selectin binding. The mAb 1B11, which recognizes the 130-kDa glycoform of CD43, recognized the 130-kDa band in the E-selectin-IgG precipitate. In addition, immunoprecipitation of the E-selectin-IgG precipitate with 1B11 depleted the 130-kDa protein, further confirming its identity as CD43. CD43 was also precipitated with E-selectin-IgG from cultured human T cells. E-selectin-dependent cell rolling on CD43 was observed under flow conditions using a CD43-IgG chimera generated in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing alpha-1,3-fucosyltransferase VII and a core 2 beta-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase. These results suggest that CD43, when modified by a specific set of glycosyltranferases, can function as an E-selectin ligand and therefore potentially mediate activated T cell migration into inflamed sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Matsumoto
- Laboratory of Immunodynamics, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Matsubara A, Iwama A, Yamazaki S, Furuta C, Hirasawa R, Morita Y, Osawa M, Motohashi T, Eto K, Ema H, Kitamura T, Vestweber D, Nakauchi H. Endomucin, a CD34-like sialomucin, marks hematopoietic stem cells throughout development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 202:1483-92. [PMID: 16314436 PMCID: PMC2213340 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To detect as yet unidentified cell-surface molecules specific to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), a modified signal sequence trap was successfully applied to mouse bone marrow (BM) CD34−c-Kit+Sca-1+Lin− (CD34−KSL) HSCs. One of the identified molecules, Endomucin, is an endothelial sialomucin closely related to CD34. High-level expression of Endomucin was confined to the BM KSL HSCs and progenitor cells, and, importantly, long-term repopulating (LTR)–HSCs were exclusively present in the Endomucin+CD34−KSL population. Notably, in the yolk sac, Endomucin expression separated multipotential hematopoietic cells from committed erythroid progenitors in the cell fraction positive for CD41, an early embryonic hematopoietic marker. Furthermore, developing HSCs in the intraembryonic aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region were highly enriched in the CD45−CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at day 10.5 of gestation (E10.5) and in the CD45+CD41+Endomucin+ fraction at E11.5. Detailed analyses of these fractions uncovered drastic changes in their BM repopulating capacities as well as in vitro cytokine responsiveness within this narrow time frame. Our findings establish Endomucin as a novel cell-surface marker for LTR-HSCs throughout development and provide a powerful tool in understanding HSC ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azusa Matsubara
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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van Beijnum JR, Griffioen AW. In silico analysis of angiogenesis associated gene expression identifies angiogenic stage related profiles. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2005; 1755:121-34. [PMID: 16038789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2005.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2005] [Accepted: 06/14/2005] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models have been extensively used to map gene expression in ECs but few studies have used cells from in vivo sources directly. Here, we compare different gene expression surveys on both cultured and fresh tissue derived ECs, and it emerges that gene expression profiles can be paralleled with the angiogenic stage of the cells. ECs stimulated with different growth factors in monolayer cultures exhibit gene expression profiles indicative of an active proliferative state, whereas gene expression in tube forming cells in vitro involves genes implicated in cell adhesion processes. Genes overexpressed in tumor ECs are biased towards extracellular matrix remodeling, a late event in angiogenesis. The elucidation of gene expression profiles under these different conditions will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms during angiogenesis in both pathological and physiological circumstances and will have implications for the development of angiogenesis interfering treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy R van Beijnum
- Angiogenesis Laboratory, Research Institute for Growth and Development, Departments of Internal Medicine and Pathology, Maastricht University Hospital, PO Box 5800, 6202AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Pablos JL, Santiago B, Tsay D, Singer MS, Palao G, Galindo M, Rosen SD. A HEV-restricted sulfotransferase is expressed in rheumatoid arthritis synovium and is induced by lymphotoxin-alpha/beta and TNF-alpha in cultured endothelial cells. BMC Immunol 2005; 6:6. [PMID: 15752429 PMCID: PMC1079838 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2172-6-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recruitment of lymphocytes to secondary lymphoid organs relies on interactions of circulating cells with high endothelial venules (HEV). HEV are exclusive to these organs under physiological conditions, but they can develop in chronically-inflamed tissues. The interaction of L-selectin on lymphocytes with sulfated glycoprotein ligands on HEV results in lymphocyte rolling, which represents the initial step in lymphocyte homing. HEV expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 (also known as HEC-GlcNAc6ST, GST-3, LSST or CHST4), an HEV-restricted sulfotransferase, is essential for the elaboration of L-selectin functional ligands as well as a critical epitope recognized by MECA-79 mAb. RESULTS We examined the expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 in relationship to the MECA-79 epitope in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial vessels. Expression of GlcNAc6ST-2 was specific to RA synovial tissues as compared to osteoarthritis synovial tissues and localized to endothelial cells of HEV-like vessels and small flat-walled vessels. Double MECA-79 and GlcNAc6ST-2 staining showed colocalization of the MECA-79 epitope and GlcNAc6ST-2. We further found that both TNF-alpha and lymphotoxin-alphabeta induced GlcNAc6ST-2 mRNA and protein in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. CONCLUSION These observations demonstrate that GlcNAc6ST-2 is induced in RA vessels and provide potential cytokine pathways for its induction. GlcNAc6ST-2 is a novel marker of activated vessels within RA ectopic lymphoid aggregates. This enzyme represents a potential therapeutic target for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L Pablos
- Servicio de Reumatología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Santiago
- Servicio de Reumatología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Durwin Tsay
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark S Singer
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Guillermo Palao
- Servicio de Reumatología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Galindo
- Servicio de Reumatología y Unidad de Investigación, Hospital 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain
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Drayton DL, Bonizzi G, Ying X, Liao S, Karin M, Ruddle NH. I kappa B kinase complex alpha kinase activity controls chemokine and high endothelial venule gene expression in lymph nodes and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:6161-8. [PMID: 15528353 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.10.6161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The lymphotoxin (LT) beta receptor plays a critical role in secondary lymphoid organogenesis and the classical and alternative NF-kappaB pathways have been implicated in this process. IKKalpha is a key molecule for the activation of the alternative NF-kappaB pathway. However, its precise role and target genes in secondary lymphoid organogenesis remain unknown, particularly with regard to high endothelial venules (HEV). In this study, we show that IKKalpha(AA) mutant mice, who lack inducible kinase activity, have hypocellular lymph nodes (LN) and nasal-associated lymphoid (NALT) tissue characterized by marked defects in microarchitecture and HEV. In addition, IKKalpha(AA) LNs showed reduced lymphoid chemokine CCL19, CCL21, and CXCL13 expression. IKKalpha(AA) LN- and NALT-HEV were abnormal in appearance with reduced expression of peripheral node addressin (PNAd) explained by a severe reduction in the HEV-associated proteins, glycosylation-dependent cell adhesion molecule 1 (GlyCAM-1), and high endothelial cell sulfotransferase, a PNAd-generating enzyme that is a target of LTalphabeta. In this study, analysis of LTbeta(-/-) mice identifies GlyCAM-1 as another LTbeta-dependent gene. In contrast, TNFRI(-/-) mice, which lose classical NF-kappaB pathway activity but retain alternative NF-kappaB pathway activity, showed relatively normal GlyCAM-1 and HEC-6ST expression in LN-HEV. In addition, in this communication, it is demonstrated that LTbetaR is prominently expressed on LN- and NALT-HEV. Thus, these data reveal a critical role for IKKalpha in LN and NALT development, identify GlyCAM-1 and high endothelial cell sulfotransferase as new IKKalpha-dependent target genes, and suggest that LTbetaR signaling on HEV can regulate HEV-specific gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Drayton
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Section of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 60 College Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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