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Wang J, Peng X, Yuan N, Wang B, Chen S, Wang B, Xie L. Interplay between pulmonary epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells contribute to the repair and regeneration of ALI/ARDS. Transl Res 2024; 272:111-125. [PMID: 38897427 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian lung is the important organ for ventilation and exchange of air and blood. Fresh air and venous blood are constantly delivered through the airway and vascular tree to the alveolus. Based on this, the airways and alveolis are persistently exposed to the external environment and are easily suffered from toxins, irritants and pathogens. For example, acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a common cause of respiratory failure in critical patients, whose typical pathological characters are diffuse epithelial and endothelial damage resulting in excessive accumulation of inflammatory fluid in the alveolar cavity. The supportive treatment is the main current treatment for ALI/ARDS with the lack of targeted effective treatment strategies. However, ALI/ARDS needs more targeted treatment measures. Therefore, it is extremely urgent to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms that maintain alveolar epithelial barrier and airway integrity. Previous researches have shown that the lung epithelial cells with tissue stem cell function have the ability to repair and regenerate after injury. Also, it is able to regulate the phenotype and function of innate immune cells involving in regeneration of tissue repair. Meanwhile, we emphasize that interaction between the lung epithelial cells and innate immune cells is more supportive to repair and regenerate in the lung epithelium following acute lung injury. We reviewed the recent advances in injury and repair of lung epithelial stem cells and innate immune cells in ALI/ARDS, concentrating on alveolar type 2 cells and alveolar macrophages and their contribution to post-injury repair behavior of ALI/ARDS through the latest potential molecular communication mechanisms. This will help to develop new research strategies and therapeutic targets for ALI/ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xinyue Peng
- Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Na Yuan
- Department of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Sixth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Lixin Xie
- College of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China; Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Kawakita K, Kouzaki H, Murao T, Kubo Y, Nishiguchi T, Nakamura K, Arai H, Matsumoto K, Tojima I, Shimizu S, Shimizu T. Role of basal cells in nasal polyp epithelium in the pathophysiology of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS). Allergol Int 2024:S1323-8930(24)00045-5. [PMID: 38670810 DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basal cell hyperplasia is commonly observed in nasal polyp epithelium of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (eCRS). We examined the function and mechanisms of basal cell hyperplasia in the pathophysiology of eCRS. METHODS We found that normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells obtained basal cell characteristics when cultured with PneumaCult™-Ex Plus Medium. Most of the cells passaged three times expressed basal cell surface markers CD49f and CD271 by flow cytometry, and basal cell nuclear marker p63 by immunohistochemical staining. We named these NHBE cells with basal cell characteristics cultured Basal-like cells (cBC), and NHBE cells cultured with BEGM™ cultured Epithelial cells (cEC). The characteristics of cBC and cEC were examined and compared by RNA sequencing, RT-PCR, ELISA, and cell proliferation studies. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed that cBC showed higher gene expression of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), IL-8, TLR3, and TLR4, and lower expression of PAR-2 compared with cEC. The mRNA expression of TSLP, IL-8, TLR3, and TLR4 was significantly increased in cBC, and that of PAR-2 was significantly increased in cEC by RT-PCR. Poly(I:C)-induced TSLP production and LPS-induced IL-8 production were significantly increased in cBC. IL-4 and IL-13 stimulated the proliferation of cBC. Finally, the frequency of p63-positive basal cells was increased in nasal polyp epithelium of eCRS, and Ki67-positive proliferating cells were increased in p63-positive basal cells. CONCLUSIONS Type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 induce basal cell hyperplasia, and basal cells exacerbate type 2 inflammation by producing TSLP in nasal polyp of eCRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kento Kawakita
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kouzaki
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Takuya Murao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Kubo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishiguchi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Keigo Nakamura
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Koji Matsumoto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ichiro Tojima
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shino Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Takeshi Shimizu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Goulart A, Boko MMM, Martins NS, Gembre AF, de Oliveira RS, Palma-Albornoz SP, Bertolini T, Ribolla PEM, Ramalho LNZ, Fraga-Silva TFDC, Bonato VLD. IL-22 Is Deleterious along with IL-17 in Allergic Asthma but Is Not Detrimental in the Comorbidity Asthma and Acute Pneumonia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10418. [PMID: 37445595 PMCID: PMC10341917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence that IL-22 and IL-17 participate in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. To investigate the role of IL-22, we used IL-22 deficient mice (IL-22 KO) sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) and compared with wild type (WT) animals exposed to OVA. IL-22 KO animals exposed to OVA showed a decreased number and frequency of eosinophils, IL-5 and IL-13 in the airways, reduced mucus production and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, IL-22 KO animals exhibited a decreased percentage and number of lung CD11c+CD11b+ cells and increased apoptosis of eosinophils. Th17 cell transfer generated from IL-22 KO to animals previously sensitized and challenged with OVA caused a reduction in eosinophil frequency and number in the airways compared to animals transferred with Th17 cells generated from WT mice. Therefore, IL-22 is deleterious with concomitant secretion of IL-17. Our findings show a pro-inflammatory role for IL-22, confirmed in a model of allergen-free and allergen-specific immunotherapy. Moreover, during the comorbidity asthma and pneumonia that induces neutrophil inflammation, IL-22 was not detrimental. Our results show that targeting IL-22 would negatively affect the survival of eosinophils, reduce the expansion or migration of CD11c+CD11b+ cells, and negatively regulate allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Goulart
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Mèdéton Mahoussi Michaël Boko
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Nubia Sabrina Martins
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Ana Flávia Gembre
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
| | - Rômulo Silva de Oliveira
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Sandra Patrícia Palma-Albornoz
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | - Thais Bertolini
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
| | | | - Leandra Naira Zambelli Ramalho
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Thais Fernanda de Campos Fraga-Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
| | - Vânia Luiza Deperon Bonato
- Basic and Applied Immunology Program, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.G.); (M.M.M.B.); (N.S.M.); (R.S.d.O.); (S.P.P.-A.); (T.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 14049-900, Sao Paulo, Brazil; (A.F.G.); (T.F.d.C.F.-S.)
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Majeed AY, Zulkafli NES, Ad'hiah AH. Interleukin-22 and interleukin-33 show up-regulated levels in the serum of patients with mild/moderate Coronavirus disease 2019. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:24. [PMID: 36875710 PMCID: PMC9968467 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00367-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study analyzed serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-33 (pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines) in 90 patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and 90 healthy controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure IL-22 and IL-33 concentrations. Results Median (interquartile range) concentrations of IL-22 and IL-33 were significantly higher in patients than in controls (IL-22: 18.6 [18.0-19.3] vs. 13.9 [12.1-14.9] pg/mL, probability [p] < 0.001; IL-33: 37.8 [35.3-43.0] vs. 24.1 [23.0-26.2] pg/mL, p < 0.001). As indicated by the area under the curve (AUC), IL-22 and IL-33 were excellent predictors of COVID-19 (AUC = 0.95 and 0.892, respectively). Multinomial logistic regression analysis demonstrated that individuals with high production (> control median) of IL-22 (odds ratio = 17.80 [95% CI: 6.48-48.90]; p = 0.001) and IL-33 (odds ratio = 19.0 [95% CI: 7.4-48.6]; p = 0.001) were more likely to develop COVID-19. A positive correlation was found between IL-22 and IL-33 and both cytokines also showed positive correlations with granulocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in all participants. Conclusions IL-22 and IL-33 showed up-regulated concentrations in the serum of patients with mild/moderate COVID-19. Both cytokines may have prognostic value for COVID-19 along with their association with disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulraheem Y Majeed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Effa S Zulkafli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Bertam, 13200 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ali H Ad'hiah
- Tropical-Biological Research Unit, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Al-Jadriya, Al-Karrada, 10070 Baghdad, Iraq
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Abstract
Introduction: Allergic asthma is often associated with eosinophilic inflammation, which is related to the T-helper cell type 2 (Th2) cytokines and responsive to corticosteroids. However, there are also phenotypes of non-Th2-mediated asthma, which have poor responsivity to corticosteroids. The leading phenotype of non-Th2-mediated asthma is neutrophilic asthma, which is considered difficult to treat. Recently, IL-22 has been found to be involved in neutrophilic inflammation in asthma. However, studies on the role of IL-22 in asthma are still controversial as IL-22 has both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory roles in asthma. This study examined whether the IL-22 level increased in acute neutrophilic asthma in the mouse model. Herein, we aimed to demonstrate increased IL-22 levels in neutrophilic asthma and elucidate the pathways leading to elevated neutrophil counts.Methods: Six-week old female BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with PBS, ovalbumin (OVA) or OVA + lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The mice were then assigned to one of the following five groups: (1) control (PBS/ PBS), (2) OVA/PBS, (3) OVA/OVA, (4) OVA+LPS/PBS, (5) OVA+LPS/OVA+LPS.Results: The levels of Th2 cytokines, IL-17, and IL-22 were assessed, with investigation of the neutrophil chemokines. This study showed that in the acute neutrophilic asthma, the levels of IL-17 and IL-22 were significantly higher than those in the OVA/OVA group, which represents acute eosinophilic asthma. Moreover, the level of CCL20 increased in the neutrophilic asthma group.Conclusion: Thus, this study suggests that in the acute neutrophilic asthma mouse model, IL-17 and IL-22 may increase with CCL20, resulting in neutrophilic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Yean Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hur
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook Young Lee
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Division of Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Margelidon-Cozzolino V, Tsicopoulos A, Chenivesse C, de Nadai P. Role of Th17 Cytokines in Airway Remodeling in Asthma and Therapy Perspectives. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2022; 3:806391. [PMID: 35386663 PMCID: PMC8974749 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2022.806391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Airway remodeling is a frequent pathological feature of severe asthma leading to permanent airway obstruction in up to 50% of cases and to respiratory disability. Although structural changes related to airway remodeling are well-characterized, immunological processes triggering and maintaining this phenomenon are still poorly understood. As a consequence, no biotherapy targeting cytokines are currently efficient to treat airway remodeling and only bronchial thermoplasty may have an effect on bronchial nerves and smooth muscles with uncertain clinical relevance. Th17 cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-22, play a role in neutrophilic inflammation in severe asthma and may be involved in airway remodeling. Indeed, IL-17 is increased in sputum from severe asthmatic patients, induces the expression of "profibrotic" cytokines by epithelial, endothelial cells and fibroblasts, and provokes human airway smooth muscle cell migration in in vitro studies. IL-22 is also increased in asthmatic samples, promotes myofibroblast differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells in vitro. Accordingly, we also found high levels of IL-17 and IL-22 in a mouse model of dog-allergen induced asthma characterized by a strong airway remodeling. Clinical trials found no effect of therapy targeting IL-17 in an unselected population of asthmatic patients but showed a potential benefit in a sub-population of patients exhibiting a high level of airway reversibility, suggesting a potential role on airway remodeling. Anti-IL-22 therapies have not been evaluated in asthma yet but were demonstrated efficient in severe atopic dermatitis including an effect on skin remodeling. In this review, we will address the role of Th17 cytokines in airway remodeling through data from in vitro, in vivo and translational studies, and examine the potential place of Th17-targeting therapies in the treatment of asthma with airway remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Margelidon-Cozzolino
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tsicopoulos
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cécile Chenivesse
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
- CRISALIS (Clinical Research Initiative in Severe Asthma: a Lever for Innovation & Science), F-CRIN Network, INSERM US015, Toulouse, France
| | - Patricia de Nadai
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité INSERM U1019-UMR9017-CIIL-Centre d'Infection et d'Immunité de Lille, Lille, France
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Tissue-resident immunity in the lung: a first-line defense at the environmental interface. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:827-854. [PMID: 36305904 PMCID: PMC9614767 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-022-00964-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The lung is a vital organ that incessantly faces external environmental challenges. Its homeostasis and unimpeded vital function are ensured by the respiratory epithelium working hand in hand with an intricate fine-tuned tissue-resident immune cell network. Lung tissue-resident immune cells span across the innate and adaptive immunity and protect from infectious agents but can also prove to be pathogenic if dysregulated. Here, we review the innate and adaptive immune cell subtypes comprising lung-resident immunity and discuss their ontogeny and role in distinct respiratory diseases. An improved understanding of the role of lung-resident immunity and how its function is dysregulated under pathological conditions can shed light on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases.
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Wang J, Gao S, Zhang J, Li C, Li H, Lin J. Interleukin-22 attenuates allergic airway inflammation in ovalbumin-induced asthma mouse model. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:385. [PMID: 34836520 PMCID: PMC8620641 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01698-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease with a number of cytokines participating in its pathogenesis and progress. Interleukin (IL)-22, which is derived from lymphocytes, acts on epithelial cells and play a role in the chronic airway inflammation. However, the actual role of IL-22 in allergic asthma is still unclear. Therefore, we explored the effect of IL-22 on allergic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma mouse model. METHODS To evaluate the effect of IL-22 in an allergic asthma model, BALB/c mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA; then the recombinant mouse IL-22 was administered intranasally 24 h prior to each challenge. The IL-22 levels in lung homogenates and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. AHR was evaluated through indicators including airways resistance (Rrs), elastance (Ers) and compliance (Crs); the inflammatory cell infiltration was assessed by quantification of differential cells counts in BALF and lung tissues stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E); IL-22 specific receptors were determined by immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS The concentration of IL-22 was significantly elevated in the OVA-induced mice compared with the control mice in lung homogenates and BALF. In the OVA-induced mouse model, IL-22 administration could significantly attenuate AHR, including Rrs, Ers and Crs, decrease the proportion of eosinophils in BALF and reduce inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchi and their concomitant vessels, compared with the OVA-induced group. In addition, the expression of IL-22RA1 and IL-10RB in the lung tissues of OVA-induced mice was significantly increased compared with the control mice, while it was dramatically decreased after the treatment with IL-22, but not completely attenuated in the IL-22-treated mice when compared with the control mice. CONCLUSION Interleukin-22 could play a protective role in an OVA-induced asthma model, by suppressing the inflammatory cell infiltration around bronchi and their concomitant vessels and airway hyperresponsiveness, which might associate with the expression of its heterodimer receptors. Thus, IL-22 administration might be an effective strategy to attenuate allergic airway inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingru Wang
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang Disteict, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Shengnan Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100730 China
| | - Chunxiao Li
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang Disteict, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Hongwen Li
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang Disteict, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
| | - Jiangtao Lin
- Peking University China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, No. 2, East Yinghua Road, Chaoyang Disteict, Beijing, 100029 China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029 China
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9
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Zenewicz LA. IL-22 Binding Protein (IL-22BP) in the Regulation of IL-22 Biology. Front Immunol 2021; 12:766586. [PMID: 34868019 PMCID: PMC8634938 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.766586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are powerful mediators of inflammation. Consequently, their potency is regulated in many ways to protect the host. Several cytokines, including IL-22, have coordinating binding proteins or soluble receptors that bind to the cytokine, block the interaction with the cellular receptor, and thus prevent cellular signaling. IL-22 is a critical cytokine in the modulation of tissue responses during inflammation and is highly upregulated in many chronic inflammatory disease patients, including those with psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In healthy individuals, low levels of IL-22 are secreted by immune cells, mainly in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. However, much of this IL-22 is likely not biologically active due to the high levels of IL-22 binding protein (IL-22BP) produced by intestinal dendritic cells (DCs). IL-22BP is a soluble receptor homolog that binds to IL-22 with greater affinity than the membrane spanning receptor. Much is known regarding the regulation and function of IL-22 in health and disease. However, less is known about IL-22BP. In this review, we will focus on IL-22BP, including its regulation, role in IL-22 biology and inflammation, and promise as a therapeutic. IL-22 can be protective or pathogenic, depending on the context of inflammation. IL-22BP also has divergent roles. Ongoing and forthcoming studies will expand our knowledge of IL-22BP and IL-22 biology, and suggest that IL-22BP holds promise as a way to regulate IL-22 biology in patients with chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Zenewicz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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10
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Che Y, Tian Y, Chen R, Xia L, Liu F, Su Z. IL-22 ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury by blocking mitochondrial membrane potential decrease, inhibiting ROS and cytochrome C. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166171. [PMID: 34015450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Irreversible cardiomyocyte death is one of the main reasons of heart failure following cardiac injury. Therefore, controlling cardiomyocyte death is an effective method to delay the progression of cardiac disease after injury. IL-22 plays critical roles in tissue homeostasis and repair, and has become an important bridge between the immune system and specific tissues or organs. However, whether IL-22 can prevent of cardiomyocyte apoptosis from cardiac injury remains unclear. Therefore, the present work would address the above question. Our results showed that, in vitro, IL-22 prevented cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by Angiotensin II via enhancing the activity of SOD, blocking the decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibiting ROS production and release of cytochrome C. The similar results were also found in vivo and patients. Our results shed a light on the therapy of cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Che
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Rong Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Lin Xia
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Fang Liu
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Department of Immunology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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11
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Komlósi ZI, van de Veen W, Kovács N, Szűcs G, Sokolowska M, O'Mahony L, Akdis M, Akdis CA. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of allergic asthma. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 85:100995. [PMID: 34364680 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways, which affects more than 350 million people worldwide. It is the most common chronic disease in children, affecting at least 30 million children and young adults in Europe. Asthma is a complex, partially heritable disease with a marked heterogeneity. Its development is influenced both by genetic and environmental factors. The most common, as well as the most well characterized subtype of asthma is allergic eosinophilic asthma, which is characterized by a type 2 airway inflammation. The prevalence of asthma has substantially increased in industrialized countries during the last 60 years. The mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are incompletely understood, however increased exposure to various environmental pollutants probably plays a role. Disease inception is thought to be enabled by a disadvantageous shift in the balance between protective and harmful lifestyle and environmental factors, including exposure to protective commensal microbes versus infection with pathogens, collectively leading to airway epithelial cell damage and disrupted barrier integrity. Epithelial cell-derived cytokines are one of the main drivers of the type 2 immune response against innocuous allergens, ultimately leading to infiltration of lung tissue with type 2 T helper (TH2) cells, type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), M2 macrophages and eosinophils. This review outlines the mechanisms responsible for the orchestration of type 2 inflammation and summarizes the novel findings, including but not limited to dysregulated epithelial barrier integrity, alarmin release and innate lymphoid cell stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt I Komlósi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Willem van de Veen
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Nóra Kovács
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Lung Health Hospital, Munkácsy Mihály Str. 70, 2045, Törökbálint, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad Sqr. 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Tömő Str. 25-29, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Milena Sokolowska
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- Department of Medicine and School of Microbiology, APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Mübeccel Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Cezmi A Akdis
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Hermann-Burchard Strasse 9, CH7265, Davos Wolfgand, Switzerland; Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
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12
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Zarobkiewicz MK, Wawryk-Gawda E, Kowalska W, Janiszewska M, Bojarska-Junak A. γδ T Lymphocytes in Asthma: a Complicated Picture. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2021; 69:4. [PMID: 33661375 PMCID: PMC7932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-021-00608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A minor subset (approximately 5%) of peripheral T cells has their TCR build up from γ and δ chains instead of α and β—those are the γδ T lymphocytes. They can be functionally divided into subsets, e.g., Th1-, Th2-, Th9-, Th17-, Tfh-, and Treg-like γδ T cells. They share some specifics of both innate and adaptive immunity, and are capable of rapid response to a range of stimuli, including some viral and bacterial infections. Atopic diseases, including asthma, are one of major health-related problems of modern western societies. Asthma is one of the most common airway diseases, affecting people of all ages and having potential life-threatening consequences. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about the involvement of γδ T cells in the pathogenesis of asthma and its exacerbations. We summarize both the studies performed on human subjects as well as on the murine model of asthma. γδ T cells seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of asthma, different subsets probably perform opposite functions, e.g., symptom-exacerbating Vγ1 and symptom-suppressing Vγ4 in mice model of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał K Zarobkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Ewelina Wawryk-Gawda
- Department of Paediatric Pulmonology and Rheumatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Kowalska
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Janiszewska
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics With E-Learning Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bojarska-Junak
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
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Tamasauskiene L, Gintauskiene VM, Bastyte D, Sitkauskiene B. Role of IL-22 in persistent allergic airway diseases caused by house dust mite: a pilot study. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:36. [PMID: 33478443 PMCID: PMC7819229 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01410-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent allergic airway diseases cause a great burden worldwide. Their pathogenesis is not clear enough. There is evidence that one of the recently described cytokine interleukin (IL) 22 may be involved in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Scientists argue if this cytokine acts as proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory agent. The aim of this study was to investigate IL-22 level in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by house dust mite (HDM) in comparison with healthy individuals and to evaluate its relationship with IL-13 and IL-10 level, symptoms score and quality of life. METHODS Patients with persistent allergic rhinitis caused by HDM and having symptoms for at least 2 years with or without allergic asthma were involved into the study. Measurements of IL-22, IL-13 and IL-10 and in serum and nasal lavage was performed by ELISA. Questionnaires assessing symptoms severity and quality of life were used. RESULTS A tendency was observed that IL-22 in serum and nasal lavage was higher in patients with allergic airway diseases compared to control group (14.86 pg/ml vs. 7.04 pg/ml and 2.67 pg/ml vs. 1.28 pg/ml, respectively). Positive statistically significant correlation was estimated between serum IL-22 and serum IL-10 (rs = 0.57, p < 0.01) and IL-13 (rs = 0.44, p < 0.05) level. Moreover, positive significant correlation was found between IL-22 in nasal lavage and IL-10 in nasal lavage (rs = 0.37, p < 0.05). There was a negative statistically significant correlation between serum IL-22 and Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) (rs = - 0.42, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Our study showed a possible anti-inflammatory effect of IL-22 in patients with persistent allergic airway diseases caused by HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tamasauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vilte Marija Gintauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daina Bastyte
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Brigita Sitkauskiene
- Department of Immunology and Allergology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Eiveniu str. 2, 50009 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Tsui HC, Decaesteker T, Jonckheere AC, Vande Velde G, Cremer J, Verbeken E, Hoet PHM, Nemery B, Vanoirbeek JAJ. Cobalt exposure via skin alters lung immune cells and enhances pulmonary responses to cobalt in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2020; 319:L641-L651. [PMID: 32726143 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00265.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt has been associated with allergic contact dermatitis and occupational asthma. However, the link between skin exposure and lung responses to cobalt is currently unknown. We investigated the effect of prior dermal sensitization to cobalt on pulmonary physiological and immunological responses after subsequent challenge with cobalt via the airways. BALB/c mice received epicutaneous applications (25 μL/ear) with 5% CoCl2*6H2O (Co) or the vehicle (Veh) dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) twice; they then received oropharyngeal challenges with 0.05% CoCl2*6H2O or saline five times, thereby obtaining four groups: Veh/Veh, Co/Veh, Veh/Co, and Co/Co. To detect early respiratory responses noninvasively, we performed sequential in vivo microcomputed tomography (µCT). One day after the last challenge, we assessed airway hyperreactivity (AHR) to methacholine, inflammation in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and dendritic cells (DCs) in the lungs, and serum IgE. Compared with the Veh/Veh group, the Co/Co group showed increased µCT-derived lung response, increased AHR to methacholine, mixed neutrophilic and eosinophilic inflammation, elevated monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and elevated keratinocyte chemoattractant (KC) in BAL. Flow cytometry in the Co/Co group demonstrated increased DC, type 1 and type 2 conventional DC (cDC1/cDC2), monocyte-derived DC, increased ILC group 2, and natural cytotoxicity receptor-ILC group 3. The Veh/Co group showed only increased AHR to methacholine and elevated MCP-1 in BAL, whereas the Co/Veh group showed increased cDC1 and ILC2 in lung. We conclude that dermal sensitization to cobalt may increase the susceptibility of the lungs to inhaling cobalt. Mechanistically, this enhanced susceptibility involves changes in pulmonary DCs and ILCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chang Tsui
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tatjana Decaesteker
- Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Surgery (BREATHE), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anne-Charlotte Jonckheere
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greetje Vande Velde
- Biomedical MRI, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Cremer
- Translational Research in Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID), Department of Chronic Diseases and Metabolism, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erik Verbeken
- Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter H M Hoet
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Benoit Nemery
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeroen A J Vanoirbeek
- Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Wardzyńska A, Pawełczyk M, Rywaniak J, Kurowski M, Makowska JS, Kowalski ML. Circulating MicroRNAs and T-Cell Cytokine Expression Are Associated With the Characteristics of Asthma Exacerbation. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:125-136. [PMID: 31743969 PMCID: PMC6875481 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.1.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Immunological mechanisms underlying asthma exacerbation have not been elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of various asthma exacerbation traits with selected serum microRNA (miRNA) expression and T-cell subpopulations. Methods Twenty-one asthmatics were studied during asthma exacerbation (exacerbation visit [EV] and the follow-up visit [FV] at 6 weeks). At both visits, spirometry was performed, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) was measured, and nasopharyngeal and blood samples were collected. In nasopharyngeal samples, respiratory viruses were assayed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and bacterial cultures were performed. Serum miRNAs were assayed with real-time PCR. T-cell surface markers, eosinophil progenitors and intracellular cytokines were assessed by flow cytometry. Results Two-thirds of patients had moderate or severe exacerbation and the FV, overall improvement in asthma control was observed. The mean expression of serum miRNA-126a, miRNA-16 and miRNA-21 was significantly lower at the EV than at the FV. At EV, miRNA-29b correlated with FeNO (r = 0.44, P < 0.05), and 5 of 7 miRNA tested correlated with pulmonary function tests. The number of cluster of differentiation (CD)45+CD4+interleukin (IL)4+ cells was significantly higher at the EV than at the FV, and positive correlations of T-regulatory cells and eosinophil progenitors with asthma control was found. At the EV, serum miRNAs negatively correlated with the number of T cells expressing IL-4, IL-17, IL-22 and interferon gamma, while at the FV both positive and negative correlations with T-cell subsets were observed. No association of detected pathogen (viruses and bacteria) in nasopharyngeal fluid with clinical, functional and immunological parameters was found. Conclusions Epigenetic dysregulation during asthma exacerbation could be related to respiratory function, airway inflammation and T-cell cytokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joanna Rywaniak
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Kurowski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna S Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marek L Kowalski
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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Kim DK, Jo A, Lim HS, Kim JY, Eun KM, Oh J, Kim JK, Cho SH, Kim DW. Enhanced Type 2 Immune Reactions by Increased IL-22/IL-22Ra1 Signaling in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2020; 12:980-993. [PMID: 32935490 PMCID: PMC7492511 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2020.12.6.980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Recent studies have revealed the pathogenic role of interleukin (IL)-22 in atopic dermatitis and asthma. However, little is known about the role of IL-22 in the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. We aimed to investigate the expression of IL-22 and its pathogenic function in type 2 immune reactions of nasal polyps (NP). Methods Protein levels of inflammatory mediators were determined by multiplex immunoassay, and principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. Immunofluorescence analysis and mast cell culture were used to determine the cellular sources of IL-22. Normal human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells were stimulated using IL-22 in combination with diverse cytokines, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was measured. Results IL-22 expression was not up-regulated in NP compared with control tissues, but IL-22-high NP revealed distinct features characterized by type 2 inflammatory cytokines such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)-11, CCL-24, and IL-5 on the PCA. Additionally, IL-22 positively correlated with type 2 immune mediators and the disease severity in NP. For the localization of the cellular sources of IL-22 in eosinophilic NP, it was expressed in cells mostly composed of eosinophil peroxidase-positive cells and partially of tryptase-positive cells. The human mast cell line, LAD2 cells, released IL-22 mediated by immunoglobulin E. Moreover, IL-22 receptor subunit alpha-1 (IL-22Ra1) expression was significantly increased in NP. IL-22Ra1 was up-regulated with poly(I:C) stimulation in NHBE cells. Furthermore, TSLP production was enhanced when stimulated with a combination of IL-13, poly(I:C), and IL-22. Treatment with anti-IL-22Ra1 also inhibited IL-22-induced enhancement of TSLP production. Conclusion IL-22 was associated with type 2 inflammatory reactions in NP. The IL-22/IL-22Ra1 axis was enhanced and might be involved in type 2 inflammatory reactions via TSLP production in NP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Kyu Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital and Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Ara Jo
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Hee Suk Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Youp Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Mi Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jayoung Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kon Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Borger JG, Lau M, Hibbs ML. The Influence of Innate Lymphoid Cells and Unconventional T Cells in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Disease. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1597. [PMID: 31354734 PMCID: PMC6637857 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The lungs are continuously subjected to environmental insults making them susceptible to infection and injury. They are protected by the respiratory epithelium, which not only serves as a physical barrier but also a reactive one that can release cytokines, chemokines, and other defense proteins in response to danger signals, and can undergo conversion to protective mucus-producing goblet cells. The lungs are also guarded by a complex network of highly specialized immune cells and their mediators to support tissue homeostasis and resolve integrity deviation. This review focuses on specialized innate-like lymphocytes present in the lung that act as key sensors of lung insults and direct the pulmonary immune response. Included amongst these tissue-resident lymphocytes are innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), which are classified into five distinct subsets (natural killer, ILC1, ILC2, ILC3, lymphoid tissue-inducer cells), and unconventional T cells including natural killer T (NKT) cells, mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, and γδ-T cells. While ILCs and unconventional T cells together comprise only a small proportion of the total immune cells in the lung, they have been found to promote lung homeostasis and are emerging as contributors to a variety of chronic lung diseases including pulmonary fibrosis, allergic airway inflammation, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A particularly intriguing trait of ILCs that has recently emerged is their plasticity and ability to alter their gene expression profiles and adapt their function in response to environmental cues. The malleable nature of these cells may aid in rapid responses to pathogen but may also have downstream pathological consequences. The role of ILC2s in Th2 allergic airway responses is becoming apparent but the contribution of other ILCs and unconventional T cells during chronic lung inflammation is poorly described. This review presents an overview of our current understanding of the involvement of ILCs and unconventional T cells in chronic pulmonary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica G Borger
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maverick Lau
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret L Hibbs
- Department of Immunology and Pathology, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Introduction: Allergy Special Issue. Int Immunol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxy049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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