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Hoenigl M, Arastehfar A, Arendrup MC, Brüggemann R, Carvalho A, Chiller T, Chen S, Egger M, Feys S, Gangneux JP, Gold JAW, Groll AH, Heylen J, Jenks JD, Krause R, Lagrou K, Lamoth F, Prattes J, Sedik S, Wauters J, Wiederhold NP, Thompson GR. Novel antifungals and treatment approaches to tackle resistance and improve outcomes of invasive fungal disease. Clin Microbiol Rev 2024; 37:e0007423. [PMID: 38602408 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00074-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYFungal infections are on the rise, driven by a growing population at risk and climate change. Currently available antifungals include only five classes, and their utility and efficacy in antifungal treatment are limited by one or more of innate or acquired resistance in some fungi, poor penetration into "sequestered" sites, and agent-specific side effect which require frequent patient reassessment and monitoring. Agents with novel mechanisms, favorable pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles including good oral bioavailability, and fungicidal mechanism(s) are urgently needed. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of novel antifungal agents, with both improved known mechanisms of actions and new antifungal classes, currently in clinical development for treating invasive yeast, mold (filamentous fungi), Pneumocystis jirovecii infections, and dimorphic fungi (endemic mycoses). We further focus on inhaled antifungals and the role of immunotherapy in tackling fungal infections, and the specific PK/pharmacodynamic profiles, tissue distributions as well as drug-drug interactions of novel antifungals. Finally, we review antifungal resistance mechanisms, the role of use of antifungal pesticides in agriculture as drivers of drug resistance, and detail detection methods for antifungal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Hoenigl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BiotechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amir Arastehfar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maiken Cavling Arendrup
- Unit of Mycology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Roger Brüggemann
- Department of Pharmacy and Radboudumc Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboudumc-CWZ Center of Expertise in Mycology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Agostinho Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Tom Chiller
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sharon Chen
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, NSW South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, Australia
- The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthias Egger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Simon Feys
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Gangneux
- Centre National de Référence des Mycoses et Antifongiques LA-AspC Aspergilloses chroniques, European Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM EC), Centre hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, Rennes, France
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail) UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
| | - Jeremy A W Gold
- Mycotic Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Jannes Heylen
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey D Jenks
- Department of Public Health, Durham County, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert Krause
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BiotechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katrien Lagrou
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Center for Mycosis, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Lamoth
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Institute of Microbiology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Service, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juergen Prattes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BiotechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sarah Sedik
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Joost Wauters
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - George R Thompson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases University of California-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
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Khichi A, Jakhar R, Dahiya S, Arya J, Dangi M, Chhillar AK. In silico and in vitro evaluation of designed fluconazole analogues as lanosterol 14α-demethylase inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:4553-4566. [PMID: 37293950 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2220808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The drugs fighting against aggressive fungal infections are in limited number, therefore, extensive research is obligatory to develop new therapeutic strategies. Fluconazole (FLZ) is a clinically approved drug, but resistant drug against most fungal pathogens, thus it is vital to identify more compounds that can better check the fungal growth. Analogue-based drug designing is a quick and economical way since it has inherent drug-like properties of marketed drugs. This study aims to generate and evaluate analogues of FLZ with better potency against fungal-borne infections. A total of 3307 analogues of FLZ were developed from six scaffold structures. Only 390 compounds passed Lipinski's rule, of which 247 analogues exhibited lower docking scores than FLZ with 5FSA. These inhibitors were further subjected to pharmacokinetics property evaluation and cytotoxicity test and it was found that only 46 analogues were suitable for further evaluation. Based on the molecular docking score of the best two analogues, 6f (-12.7 kcal/mol) and 8f (-12.8 kcal/mol) were selected for molecular dynamics and in-vitro studies. Antifungal activities of both compounds against 4 strains of Candida albicans were evaluated by disc diffusion assay and micro broth dilution assay and Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for 6f and 8f were observed as 256 µg/ml against 4719, 4918 and 5480 strains but the MIC was extended to 512 µg/ml for strain 3719. Both analogues exhibited low antifungal activities as compared to FLZ (8-16 µg/ml). The interaction of 6f with Mycostatin was also performed using a chequerboard assay that was found additive.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alka Khichi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Ritu Jakhar
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Sweety Dahiya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Jasmine Arya
- Centre for Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
| | - Mehak Dangi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India
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Leandro LF, Moraes TS, Damasceno JL, Veneziani RCS, Ambrosio SR, Bastos JK, Santiago MB, Pedroso RS, Martins CHG. Antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant bacteria. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9. [PMID: 38619589 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the antibacterial, antibiofilm and antivirulence potential of the main diterpenes from Copaifera spp. oleoresins against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Antimicrobial assays included determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Biofilm (MICB50), as well as synergistic and antivirulence assays for eight diterpenes against MDR. The tests revealed that two diterpenes (named 1 and 5) showed the best results, with MIC and MBC between 12.5 and 50 μg/mL against most MDR bacteria. These diterpenes exhibited promising MICB50 in concentration between 3.12-25 μg/mL but showed no synergistic antimicrobial activity. In the assessment of antivirulence activity, diterpenes 1 and 5 inhibited only one of the virulence factors evaluated (Dnase) produced by some strains of S. aureus at subinhibitory concentration (6.25 μg/mL). Results obtained indicated that diterpenes isolated from Copaifera oleoresin plays an important part in the search of new antibacterial and antibiofilm agents that can act against MDR bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - T S Moraes
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J L Damasceno
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R C S Veneziani
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S R Ambrosio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technology, University of Franca - UNIFRAN, Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil
| | - R S Pedroso
- Technical School of Health, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - C H G Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia - UFU, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, 38405-320, Brazil.
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Jin Y, Lin J, Shi H, Jin Y, Cao Q, Chen Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Li Q. The active ingredients in Chinese peony pods synergize with antibiotics to inhibit MRSA growth and biofilm formation. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127625. [PMID: 38280369 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a zoonotic pathogen that infects both humans and animals. The rapid spread of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and its resistance to antibiotics, along with its ability to form biofilms, poses a serious challenge to the clinical application of traditional antibiotics. Peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is a traditional Chinese medicine with multiple pharmacological effects. This study observed the strong antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of the water extract (WE) and ethyl acetate extract (EA) of Chinese peony pods against MRSA. The combination of EA and vancomycin, cefotaxime, penicillin G or methicillin showed a synergistic or additive antibacterial and antibiofilm effects on MRSA, which is closely related to the interaction of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose (PG) and methyl gallate (MG). The active ingredients in peony pods have been found to increase the sensitivity of MRSA to antibiotics and demonstrate antibiofilm activity, which is mainly related to the down-regulation of global regulatory factors sarA and sigB, extracellular PIA and eDNA encoding genes icaA and cdiA, quorum sensing related genes agrA, luxS, rnaIII, hld, biofilm virulence genes psma and sspA, and genes encoding clotting factors coa and vwb, but is not related to genes that inhibit cell wall anchoring. In vivo test showed that both WE and EA were non-toxic and significantly prolonged the lifespan of G. mellonella larvae infected with MRSA. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the combined use of PG, MG and antibiotics to combat MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingshan Jin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jianxing Lin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009
| | - Haiqing Shi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009
| | - Yinzhe Jin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qingchao Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009
| | - Yuting Chen
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009
| | - Yihong Zou
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009
| | - Yuanyue Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
| | - Qiuchun Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China; Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Biological Hazard Factors (Animal Origin) for Agrifood Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.
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Silva RA, da Silva BF, Pereira MS, Coelho PAT, Costa RA, Chaves AC, Silva IGN, Carneiro VA. Combinatorial effects between aromatic plant compounds and chlorhexidine digluconate against canine otitis-related Staphylococcus spp. Res Vet Sci 2024; 170:105182. [PMID: 38377791 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among bacterial pathogens necessitates novel treatment strategies, particularly in veterinary medicine where otitis in dogs is very common in small animals' clinical routines. Considering this challenge, this study explores the efficacy of aromatic plant compounds (APC), including eugenol (EUG), trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), and geraniol (GER), and their synergistic potential when combined with the antiseptic agent chlorhexidine (CLX), offering insight into alternative therapeutic approaches. The disk diffusion assay revealed differential sensitivity of Staphylococcus spp. strains to the tested compounds, with EUG and GER showing moderate inhibition zones and TC displaying considerably larger inhibition zones. Further analysis through MIC and MBC determinations suggested that EUG required the highest concentrations to inhibit and kill the bacteria, whereas TC and GER were effective at lower concentrations. Combined with CLX, all three plant-derived compounds demonstrated a significant enhancement of antibacterial activity, indicated by reduced MIC values and a predominantly synergistic interaction across the strains tested. GER was the most potent in combination with CLX, presenting the lowest mean FICi values and the highest fold reductions in MIC. This study emphasizes the APC's potential as an adjunct to conventional antimicrobial agents like CLX. The marked synergy observed, especially with GER, suggests that such combinations could be promising alternatives in managing bacterial otitis in dogs, potentially mitigating the impact of antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romério Alves Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Mainara Saraiva Pereira
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Paulo Adenes Teixeira Coelho
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Renata Albuquerque Costa
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey Carvalho Chaves
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Isaac Goes Neto Silva
- Veterinary Sciences Department of State University of Ceará, Campus Itaperi, Fortaleza 60714-903, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), University Center INTA - UNINTA, Sobral 62.050-100, Brazil.
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Ferrando N, Pino-Otín MR, Ballestero D, Lorca G, Terrado EM, Langa E. Enhancing Commercial Antibiotics with Trans-Cinnamaldehyde in Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria: An In Vitro Approach. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:192. [PMID: 38256746 PMCID: PMC10820649 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
One strategy to mitigate the emergence of bacterial resistance involves reducing antibiotic doses by combining them with natural products, such as trans-cinnamaldehyde (CIN). The objective of this research was to identify in vitro combinations (CIN + commercial antibiotic (ABX)) that decrease the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of seven antibiotics against 14 different Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, most of them classified as ESKAPE. MIC values were measured for all compounds using the broth microdilution method. The effect of the combinations on these microorganisms was analyzed through the checkboard assay to determine the type of activity (synergy, antagonism, or addition). This analysis was complemented with a kinetic study of the synergistic combinations. Fifteen synergistic combinations were characterized for nine of the tested bacteria. CIN demonstrated effectiveness in reducing the MIC of chloramphenicol, streptomycin, amoxicillin, and erythromycin (94-98%) when tested on Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, Pasteurella aerogenes, and Salmonella enterica, respectively. The kinetic study revealed that when the substances were tested alone at the MIC concentration observed in the synergistic combination, bacterial growth was not inhibited. However, when CIN and the ABX, for which synergy was observed, were tested simultaneously in combination at these same concentrations, the bacterial growth inhibition was complete. This demonstrates the highly potent in vitro synergistic activity of CIN when combined with commercial ABXs. This finding could be particularly beneficial in livestock farming, as this sector witnesses the highest quantities of antimicrobial usage, contributing significantly to antimicrobial resistance issues. Further research focused on this natural compound is thus warranted for this reason.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ferrando
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - María Rosa Pino-Otín
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Diego Ballestero
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Guillermo Lorca
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
| | - Eva María Terrado
- Departamento de Didácticas Específicas, Facultad de Educación, Universisad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Elisa Langa
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, Campus Universitario Villanueva de Gállego, Autovía A-23 Zaragoza-Huesca, km. 510, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain; (N.F.); (M.R.P.-O.); (D.B.); (G.L.)
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John LL, Thomson DD, Bicanic T, Hoenigl M, Brown AJ, Harrison TS, Bignell EM. Heightened Efficacy of Anidulafungin When Used in Combination with Manogepix or 5-Flucytosine against Candida auris In Vitro. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0164522. [PMID: 37162367 PMCID: PMC10269148 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01645-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an emerging, multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that causes refractory colonization and life-threatening, invasive nosocomial infections. The high proportion of C. auris isolates that display antifungal resistance severely limits treatment options. Combination therapies provide a possible strategy by which to enhance antifungal efficacy and prevent the emergence of further resistance. Therefore, we examined drug combinations using antifungals that are already in clinical use or are undergoing clinical trials. Using checkerboard assays, we screened combinations of 5-flucytosine and manogepix (the active form of the novel antifungal drug fosmanogepix) with anidulafungin, amphotericin B, or voriconazole against drug resistant and susceptible C. auris isolates from clades I and III. Fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI values) of 0.28 to 0.75 and 0.36 to 1.02 were observed for combinations of anidulafungin with manogepix or 5-flucytosine, respectively, indicating synergistic activity. The high potency of these anidulafungin combinations was confirmed using live-cell microfluidics-assisted imaging of the fungal growth. In summary, combinations of anidulafungin with manogepix or 5-flucytosine show great potential against both resistant and susceptible C. auris isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L.H. John
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Darren D. Thomson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Tihana Bicanic
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Academic Group in Infection and Immunity, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Hoenigl
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Medical University of Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Translational Medical Mycology Research Unit, ECMM Excellence Center for Medical Mycology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Alistair J.P. Brown
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas S. Harrison
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, St George’s University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
- Clinical Academic Group in Infection and Immunity, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine M. Bignell
- Medical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, United Kingdom
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Anuar MSK, Hashim AM, Ho CL, Wong MY, Sundram S, Saidi NB, Yusof MT. Synergism: biocontrol agents and biostimulants in reducing abiotic and biotic stresses in crop. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:123. [PMID: 36934342 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03579-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
In today's fast-shifting climate change scenario, crops are exposed to environmental pressures, abiotic and biotic stress. Hence, these will affect the production of agricultural products and give rise to a worldwide economic crisis. The increase in world population has exacerbated the situation with increasing food demand. The use of chemical agents is no longer recommended due to adverse effects towards the environment and health. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) and biostimulants, are feasible options for dealing with yield losses induced by plant stresses, which are becoming more intense due to climate change. BCAs and biostimulants have been recommended due to their dual action in reducing both stresses simultaneously. Although protection against biotic stresses falls outside the generally accepted definition of biostimulant, some microbial and non-microbial biostimulants possess the biocontrol function, which helps reduce biotic pressure on crops. The application of synergisms using BCAs and biostimulants to control crop stresses is rarely explored. Currently, a combined application using both agents offer a great alternative to increase the yield and growth of crops while managing stresses. This article provides an overview of crop stresses and plant stress responses, a general knowledge on synergism, mathematical modelling used for synergy evaluation and type of in vitro and in vivo synergy testing, as well as the application of synergism using BCAs and biostimulants in reducing crop stresses. This review will facilitate an understanding of the combined effect of both agents on improving crop yield and growth and reducing stress while also providing an eco-friendly alternative to agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel Anuar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Amalia Mohd Hashim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Chai Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mui-Yun Wong
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Shamala Sundram
- Biology Research Division, Malaysian Palm Oil Board, Kajang, Selangor, 43000, Malaysia
| | - Noor Baity Saidi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Termizi Yusof
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, UPM, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
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9
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Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of action of caspofungin in combination with ribavirin against Candida albicans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 61:106709. [PMID: 36640848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The number of invasive fungal infections has increased dramatically, resulting in high morbidity and mortality among immunocompromised patients. With increasing use of caspofungin (CAS), resistant strains have emerged frequently and led to limitations in the treatment of patients with severe invasive Candida albicans infections. Combination therapy is an important method to deal with this issue. As such, this study investigated the activity of CAS in combination with ribavirin (RBV) against C. albicans. The results of this in-vitro study showed that the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of CAS and RBV when they were used as monotherapy were 0.5-1 μg/mL and 2-8 μg/mL, respectively, while the MIC of CAS decreased from 0.5-1 μg/mL to 0.0625-0.25 μg/mL when used in combination with RBV, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) ≤0.5. In addition, the RBV + CAS combination group displayed synergistic effects against C. albicans biofilm over 4 h; the sessile MIC (sMIC) of CAS decreased from 0.5-1 µg/mL to 0.0625-0.25µg/mL and the sMIC of RBV decreased from 4-16 µg/mL to 1-2 µg/mL, with FICI <0.5. The survival of C. albicans-infected Galleria mellonella was prolonged, the fungal burden was decreased, and the area of tissue damage was reduced after combination therapy. Further study showed that the mechanisms of action of the synergistic effect were related to the inhibition of biofilm formation, the inhibition of hyphal growth, and the activation of metacaspases, but were not related to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. It is hoped that these findings will contribute to the understanding of drug resistance in C. albicans, and provide new insights for the application of RBV.
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Synergistic Antifungal Interactions between Antibiotic Amphotericin B and Selected 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole Derivatives, Determined by Microbiological, Cytochemical, and Molecular Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043430. [PMID: 36834848 PMCID: PMC9966784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, drug-resistant and multidrug-resistant fungal strains have been more frequently isolated in clinical practice. This phenomenon is responsible for difficulties in the treatment of infections. Therefore, the development of new antifungal drugs is an extremely important challenge. Combinations of selected 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives with amphotericin B showing strong synergic antifungal interactions are promising candidates for such formulas. In the study, microbiological, cytochemical, and molecular spectroscopy methods were used to investigate the antifungal synergy mechanisms associated with the aforementioned combinations. The present results indicate that two derivatives, i.e., C1 and NTBD, demonstrate strong synergistic interactions with AmB against some Candida species. The ATR-FTIR analysis showed that yeasts treated with the C1 + AmB and NTBD + AmB compositions, compared with those treated with single compounds, exhibited more pronounced abnormalities in the biomolecular content, suggesting that the main mechanism of the synergistic antifungal activity of the compounds is related to a disturbance in cell wall integrity. The analysis of the electron absorption and fluorescence spectra revealed that the biophysical mechanism underlying the observed synergy is associated with disaggregation of AmB molecules induced by the 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives. Such observations suggest the possibility of the successful application of thiadiazole derivatives combined with AmB in the therapy of fungal infections.
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11
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He X, Zhang W, Cao Q, Li Y, Bao G, Lin T, Bao J, Chang C, Yang C, Yin Y, Xu J, Ren Z, Jin Y, Lu F. Global Downregulation of Penicillin Resistance and Biofilm Formation by MRSA Is Associated with the Interaction between Kaempferol Rhamnosides and Quercetin. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0278222. [PMID: 36354319 PMCID: PMC9769653 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02782-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid development of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) drug resistance and the formation of biofilms seriously challenge the clinical application of classic antibiotics. Extracts of the traditional herb Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were found to have strong antibiofilm activity against MRSA, but their mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against MRSA of flavonoids identified from C. ambrosioides L. in combination with classic antibiotics, including ceftazidime, erythromycin, levofloxacin, penicillin G, and vancomycin. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to analyze the nonvolatile chemical compositions. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR was used to investigate potential multitargets of flavonoids based on global transcriptional responses of virulence and antibiotic resistance. A synergistic antibacterial and biofilm-inhibiting activity of the alcoholic extract of the ear of C. ambrosioides L. in combination with penicillin G was observed against MRSA, which proved to be closely related to the interaction of the main components of kaempferol rhamnosides with quercetin. In regard to the mechanism, the increased sensitivity of MRSA to penicillin G was shown to be related to the downregulation of penicillinase with SarA as a potential drug target, while the antibiofilm activity was mainly related to downregulation of various virulence factors involved in the initial and mature stages of biofilm development, with SarA and/or σB as drug targets. This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploration of the medicinal activity of kaempferol rhamnosides and quercetin and their application in combination with penicillin G against MRSA biofilm infection. IMPORTANCE In this study, the synergistic antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of the traditional herb C. ambrosioides L. and the classic antibiotic penicillin G on MRSA provide a potential strategy to deal with the rapid development of MRSA antibiotic resistance. This study also provides a theoretical basis for further optimizing the combined effect of kaempferol rhamnosides, quercetin, and penicillin G and exploring anti-MRSA biofilm infection research with SarA and σB as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlong He
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingchao Cao
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinyue Li
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Lin
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Bao
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caiwang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Changshui Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Yin
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Ren
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Jin
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental & Translational Non-coding RNA Research, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Farhat N, Khan AU. Therapeutic approaches to combat the global antibiotic resistance challenge. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:1515-1529. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has become a major concern for healthcare workers due to the emergence of new variants of resistant markers, especially carbapenemases. Combinational antibiotic therapy is one of the best and easiest approaches to handle the current situation of AMR. Although some antibiotic combinations are already in clinical use, they remain to be studied in detail. This review focuses on therapeutic options for AMR mechanisms of resistance in bacteria that can be overcome by combinational therapy and testing methods for synergy. The integration of diverse approaches may provide information that is imperative in mitigating the threat of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabeela Farhat
- Medical Microbiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Asad U Khan
- Medical Microbiology & Molecular Biology Lab, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
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13
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Santiago MB, Leandro LF, Rosa RB, Silva MV, Teixeira SC, Servato JPS, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RCS, Aldana-Mejía JA, Bastos JK, Martins CHG. Brazilian Red Propolis Presents Promising Anti- H. pylori Activity in In Vitro and In Vivo Assays with the Ability to Modulate the Immune Response. Molecules 2022; 27:7310. [PMID: 36364137 PMCID: PMC9658018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic, curved-rod, flagellated bacterium commonly found in the stomach mucosa and associated with different gastrointestinal diseases. With high levels of prevalence worldwide, it has developed resistance to the antibiotics used in its therapy. Brazilian red propolis has been studied due to its biological properties, and in the literature, it has shown promising antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to evaluate anti-H. pylori from the crude hydroalcoholic extract of Brazilian red propolis (CHEBRP). For this, in vitro determination of the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration (MIC/MBC) and synergistic activity and in vivo, microbiological, and histopathological analyses using Wistar rats were carried out using CHEBRP against H. pylori strains (ATCC 46523 and clinical isolate). CHEBRP presented MIC/MBC of 50 and 100 μg/mL against H. pylori strains (ATCC 43526 and clinical isolate, respectively) and tetracycline MIC/MBC of 0.74 µg/mL. The association of CHEBRP with tetracycline had an indifferent effect. In the stomach mucosa of rats, all treatments performed significantly decreased the number of H. pylori, and a concentration of 300 mg/kg was able to modulate the inflammatory response in the tissue. Therefore, CHEBRP showed promising anti-H. pylori in in vitro and in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana B. Santiago
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | - Luis Fernando Leandro
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | - Rafael B. Rosa
- Complex of Animal Facilities, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405315, MG, Brazil
| | - Murilo V. Silva
- Complex of Animal Facilities, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405315, MG, Brazil
| | - Samuel C. Teixeira
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Ricardo Ambrósio
- Nucleus of Research in Sciences and Technolog, University of Franca, Franca 14404600, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jennyfer A. Aldana-Mejía
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040900, SP, Brazil
| | - Jairo K. Bastos
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique G. Martins
- Laboratory of Antimicrobial Testing, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38405318, MG, Brazil
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14
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Fioriti S, Brescini L, Pallotta F, Canovari B, Morroni G, Barchiesi F. Antifungal Combinations against Candida Species: From Bench to Bedside. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8101077. [PMID: 36294642 PMCID: PMC9605143 DOI: 10.3390/jof8101077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida spp. is the major causative agent of fungal infections in hospitalized patients and the fourth most common cause of nosocomial bloodstream infection (BSI). The availability of standardized methods for testing the in vitro activity of antifungals along with the expanding of antifungal armamentarium, the rising of drug-resistance and the persistence of a high mortality rate in systemic candidiasis have led to an increased interest in combination therapy. Therefore, we aimed to review the scientific literature concerning the antifungal combinations against Candida. A literature search performed in PubMed yielded 92 studies published from 2000 to 2021: 29 articles referring to in vitro studies, six articles referring to either in vitro and in vivo (i.e., animal models) studies and 57 clinical articles. Pre-clinical studies involved 735 isolates of Candida species and 12 unique types of antifungal combination approaches including azoles plus echinocandins (19%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%), polyenes plus azoles (13%), polyenes plus 5-flucytosine ([5-FC], 13%), azoles plus 5-FC (11%) and other types of combinations (28%). Results varied greatly, often being species-, drug- and methodology-dependent. Some combinatorial regimens exerted a synergistic effect against difficult-to-treat Candida species (i.e., azoles plus echinocandins; polyenes plus 5-FC) or they were more effective than monotherapy in prevent or reducing biofilm formation and in speeding the clearance of infected tissues (i.e., polyenes plus echinocandins). In 283 patients with documented Candida infections (>90% systemic candidiasis/BSI), an antifungal combination approach could be evaluated. Combinations included: azoles plus echinocandins (36%), 5-FC-combination therapies (24%), polyenes plus azoles (18%), polyenes plus echinocandins (16%) and other types of combination therapy (6%). Case reports describing combination therapies yielded favorable response in most cases, including difficult-to-treat fungal infections (i.e., endocarditis, osteoarticular infections, CNS infections) or difficult-to-treat fungal pathogens. The only randomized trial comparing amphotericin-B deoxycholate (AMB) plus FLU vs. AMB alone for treatment of BSI in nonneutropenic patients showed that the combination trended toward improved success and more-rapid clearance from the bloodstream. In summary, antifungal combinations against Candida have produced great interest in the past two decades. To establish whether this approach can become a reliable treatment option, additional in vitro and clinical data are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Fioriti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Lucia Brescini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Disease Clinic, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Benedetta Canovari
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Morroni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-071-220-6298; Fax: +39-071-220-6297
| | - Francesco Barchiesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord, 61121 Pesaro, Italy
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15
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Yang Q, Liu Z, Wang Y, Xie J, Zhang K, Dong Y, Wang YF. In vitro synergistic antifungal activities with caspofungin plus fluconazole or voricanazole against Candida species determined by Etest method. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 122:982-990. [PMID: 35907476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.07.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Increased resistance of Candida species, especially C.glabrata is problematic. Combination antifungal therapies were studied to solve the problem. METHODS In this study, combinations of caspofungin with fluconazole and voricanazole were evaluated in 28 Candida species (included 15 C.glabrata and 12 with FKS mutation) at 24 and 48 h by two Etest methods (direct cover method and MIC/MIC method). RESULTS For Candida isolates, direct cover method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 12/28 (43%) isolates at 24 h, and against 16/28 (57%) isolates at 48 h. MIC/MIC method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 11/28 (39%) and 12/28 (43%) isolates at 24 h, and against 16/28 (57%) and 17/28 (61%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. For C.glabrata, direct cover method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against 11/15 (73%) and 10/15 (67%) isolates at 24 h, and 11/15 (73%) and 13/15 (87%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. MIC/MIC method showed synergy of caspofungin-fluconazole and caspofungin-voriconazole against both 11/15 (73%) isolates at 24 h, and 10/15 (67%) and 14/15 (93%) isolates at 48 h, respectively. CONCLUSION A combination of caspofungin and fluconazole or voriconazole might be effective in infections due to Candida species, especially for C.glabrata with FKS mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Southwest Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jiao Xie
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Kanghuai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Yalin Dong
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Yun F Wang
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
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Candida auris Pan-Drug-Resistant to Four Classes of Antifungal Agents. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0005322. [PMID: 35770999 PMCID: PMC9295560 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00053-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is an urgent antimicrobial resistance threat due to its global emergence, high mortality, and persistent transmissions. Nearly half of C. auris clinical and surveillance cases in the United States are from the New York and New Jersey Metropolitan area. We performed genome, and drug-resistance analysis of C. auris isolates from a patient who underwent multi-visceral transplantation. Whole-genome comparisons of 19 isolates, collected over 72 days, revealed closed similarity (Average Nucleotide Identity > 0.9996; Aligned Percentage > 0.9764) and a distinct subcluster of NY C. auris South Asia Clade I. All isolates had azole-linked resistance in ERG11(K143R) and CDR1(V704L). Echinocandin resistance first appeared with FKS1(S639Y) mutation and then a unique FKS1(F635C) mutation. Flucytosine-resistant isolates had mutations in FCY1, FUR1, and ADE17. Two pan-drug-resistant C. auris isolates had uracil phosphoribosyltransferase deletion (FUR1[1Δ33]) and the elimination of FUR1 expression, confirmed by a qPCR test developed in this study. Besides ERG11 mutations, four amphotericin B-resistant isolates showed no distinct nonsynonymous variants suggesting unknown genetic elements driving the resistance. Pan-drug-resistant C. auris isolates were not susceptible to two-drug antifungal combinations tested by checkerboard, Etest, and time-kill methods. The fungal population pattern, discerned from SNP phylogenetic analysis, was consistent with in-hospital or inpatient evolution of C. auris isolates circulating locally and not indicative of a recent introduction from elsewhere. The emergence of pan-drug-resistance to four major classes of antifungals in C. auris is alarming. Patients at high risk for drug-resistant C. auris might require novel therapeutic strategies and targeted pre-and/or posttransplant surveillance.
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Synergistic Inhibitory Effect of Polymyxin B in Combination with Ceftazidime against Robust Biofilm Formed by Acinetobacter baumannii with Genetic Deficiency in AbaI/AbaR Quorum Sensing. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0176821. [PMID: 35196792 PMCID: PMC8865539 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01768-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbapenem resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii poses challenges to public health. Biofilm contributes to the persistence of A. baumannii cells. This study was designed to investigate the genetic relationships among carbapenem resistance, polymyxin resistance, multidrug resistance, biofilm formation, and surface-associated motility and evaluate the antibiofilm effect of polymyxin in combination with other antibiotics. A total of 103 clinical A. baumannii strains were used to determine antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation capacity, and motility. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR fingerprinting was used to determine the genetic variation among strains. The distribution of 17 genes related to the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND)-type efflux, autoinducer-receptor (AbaI/AbaR) quorum sensing, oxacillinases (OXA)-23, and insertion sequence of ISAba1 element was investigated. The representative strains were chosen to evaluate the gene transcription and the antibiofilm activity by polymyxin B (PB) in combination with merapenem, levofloxacin, and ceftazidime, respectively. ERIC-PCR-dependent fingerprints were found to be associated with carbapenem resistance and multidrug resistance. The presence of blaOXA-23 was found to correlate with genes involved in ISAba1 insertion, AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing, and AdeABC efflux. Carbapenem resistance was observed to be negatively correlated with biofilm formation and positively correlated with motility. PB in combination with ceftazidime displayed a synergistic antibiofilm effect against robust biofilm formed by an A. baumannii strain with deficiency in AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing. Our results not only clarify the genetic correlation among carbapenem resistance, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity in a certain level but also provide a theoretical basis for clinical applications of polymyxin-based combination of antibiotics in antibiofilm therapy. IMPORTANCE Deeper explorations of molecular correlation among antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and pathogenicity could provide novel insights that would facilitate the development of therapeutics and prevention against A. baumannii biofilm-related infections. The major finding that polymyxin B in combination with ceftazidime displayed a synergistic antibiofilm effect against robust biofilm formed by an A. baumannii strain with genetic deficiency in AbaI/AbaR quorum sensing further provides a theoretical basis for clinical applications of antibiotics in combination with quorum quenching in antibiofilm therapy.
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Silva SL, de Oliveira Pereira F, Cordeiro LV, Diniz Neto H, Dos Santos Maia M, da Silva Souza HD, de Athayde-Filho PF, Scotti MT, Scotti L, de Oliveira Lima E. Antifungal activity of 2-Chloro-N-phenylacetamide, docking and molecular dynamics studies against clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:3601-3617. [PMID: 35179275 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study evaluated the antifungal, antibiofilm, and molecular docking of 2-Chloro-N-phenylacetamide against clinical isolates of Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis. METHODS AND RESULTS MIC of the test drugs was determined by microdilution. A1Cl obtained MIC values ranging from 16 and 256 μg/mL. Fluconazole MIC ranging from 16 and 512 μg/mL. MIC of A1Cl showed fungicide activity, emphasizing the solid antifungal potential of this drug. An association study was performed with A1Cl and fluconazole (checkerboard), revealing indifference by decreasing. Thus, we conducted this study using A1Cl isolated. In the micromorphological assay, the test drugs reduced the production of virulence structures compared to the control (concentration-dependent effect). A1Cl inhibited in vitro biofilm formation at all concentrations tested (1/4MIC to 8xMIC) (p<0.05) and reduced mature biofilm biomass (p<0.05) against C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. In the ex vivo biofilm susceptibility testing (human nails fragments), A1Cl inhibited biofilm formation and reduced mature biofilm biomass (p<0.05) more than 50% at MIC. Fluconazole had a similar effect at 4xMIC. In silico studies suggest that the mechanism of antifungal activity of A1Cl involves the inhibition of the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase rather than geranylgeranyltransferase-I. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that A1Cl is a promising antifungal agent. Furthermore, this activity is related to attenuation of expression of virulence factors and antibiofilm effects against C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Our study provides the first evidence that A1Cl, a novel synthetic drug, has fungicidal effects against C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis. Furthermore, in vitro and ex vivo biofilms assays have demonstrated the potential antibiofilm of A1Cl. The mechanism of action involves inhibiting the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which was supported by in silico analyses. Therefore, this potential can be explored as a therapeutic alternative for onychomycosis and, at the same time, contribute to decreasing the resistance of clinical isolates of C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shellygton Lima Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Laisa Vilar Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Hermes Diniz Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Mayara Dos Santos Maia
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Helivado Diogenes da Silva Souza
- Bioenergy and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Petrônio F de Athayde-Filho
- Bioenergy and Organic Synthesis Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil
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19
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Alkhalifa BA, Bulatova NR, abuRokba W, Darwish RM. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors effect on fluconazole activity against resistant Candida glabrata strains. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2022; 29:49-54. [PMID: 35181564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2022.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to evaluate four selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) as modifiers of fluconazole activity against resistant strains of Candida glabrata. METHODS SSRIs effect on fluconazole activity was studied using checkerboard method against C. glabrata strains (CBS 138, CBS 850821, DSY 562, DSY 565, ATCC 22553 and ATCC 90030); fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) was calculated and time-kill curve was used for the most prominent combination for further evaluation. RESULTS All used SSRIs have antifungal activity against C. glabrata strains tested. Combination of fluconazole with fluoxetine or fluvoxamine showed indifferent effects (FICI in all strains > 1 but <4), while paroxetine-fluconazole combination showed additive effect against DSY565 and CBS138, known to express efflux pumps as well as on ATCC strain (0.5<FIC<1) with indifferent effect on other strains used. The most promising combination was that of fluconazole with sertraline (FICI ≤ 0.5) where synergistic effect was observed against all resistant and susceptible dose-dependent strains, including those known to express efflux pumps. This synergistic effect was confirmed by time-kill curve assay against all resistant C. glabrata and ATCC strains with more than 2-log10 CFU/ml reduction caused by combination compared with single active agent fluconazole after 24 hrs of incubation. Sertraline-fluconazole combination produced additive effect on reference ATCC strain . CONCLUSION Our data suggest that blocking active efflux pumps by sertraline may be considered as the probable mechanism of synergism with fluconazole. Combination of sertraline with fluconazole could be a promising remedy for treatment of infections caused by resistant C. glabrata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashar A Alkhalifa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Nailya R Bulatova
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Waed abuRokba
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan
| | - Rula M Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Queen Rania Street, 11942 Amman, Jordan.
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20
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Li X, Ahmad KZ, He J, Li H, Wang X, Feng Z, Wang X, Shen G, Ding X. Silver nanoflowers coupled with low dose antibiotics enable the highly effective eradication of drug-resistant bacteria. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:9839-9851. [PMID: 34854864 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01773j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Due to the global overuse of antibiotics, the issue of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) continuously calls for effective strategies to tackle the antibiotic resistance crisis. Here, we develop a silver nanomaterial with a petal-like structure (namely Ag Nano Flowers, AgNFs). AgNFs are synthesized in an eco-friendly way with bovine serum albumin as an assisting template and stabilizing agent under mild conditions. These AgNFs have desired physical properties, including good dispersion, high stability, and large surface area with an average size in the range of 700-800 nm. We demonstrate AgNFs as a highly effective drug carrier and an adjuvant to restore the susceptibility of drug-resistant E. coli towards standard antibiotics such as norfloxacin and streptomycin. The doses of AgNFs and norfloxacin are reduced by 80% and 90%, respectively, in the combined treatment compared to those used individually. The dose reductions of AgNFs and streptomycin are 80% and 50% in the combined treatment of streptomycin and AgNFs. Through further analysis of the metabolomics and activities of bacteria, we speculate that the synergistic antibacterial efficacy between AgNFs and antibiotics could be explained by the enhanced respiration of bacteria and the up-regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which in turn increase the release of reactive oxygen species and promote the uptake of antibiotics, thereby eventually eradicating the drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Khan Zara Ahmad
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Jie He
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Hongxia Li
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Zijian Feng
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xiansong Wang
- Department of Thoracic surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Guangxia Shen
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
| | - Xianting Ding
- Institute for Personalized Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China.
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21
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Du M, Xie X, Yang S, Li Y, Jiang T, Yang J, Li L, Huang Y, Wu Q, Chen W, Zhang J. Lysozyme-like Protein Produced by Bifidobacterium longum Regulates Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Models. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216480. [PMID: 34770899 PMCID: PMC8587964 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular secreted protein of Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) plays an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the human intestinal microenvironment. However, the mechanism(s) of interaction remain unclear. Lysozyme is a kind of antibacterial peptide. In this study, the amino acid sequence of a lysozyme-like protein of B. longum based on whole-genome data of an isolate from human gut feces was found. We further predicted functional domains from the amino acid sequence, purified the protein, and verified its bioactivity. The growth of some bacteria were significantly delayed by the 020402_LYZ M1 protein. In addition, the gut microbiota was analyzed via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes and an in vitro fermentation model, and the fluctuations in the gut microbiota under the treatment of 020402_LYZ M1 protein were characterized. The 020402_LYZ M1 protein affected the composition of human gut microbiota significantly, implying that the protein is able to communicate with intestinal microbes as a regulatory factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Xinqiang Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shuanghong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Tong Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Juan Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Longyan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Yunxiao Huang
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
| | - Qingping Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (M.D.); (S.Y.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jumei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China; (Y.L.); (T.J.); (J.Y.); (L.L.); (Q.W.)
- Correspondence: (X.X.); (J.Z.)
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22
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de Souza Silva T, Silva JMB, Braun GH, Mejia JAA, Ccapatinta GVC, Santos MFC, Tanimoto MH, Bastos JK, Parreira RLT, Orenha RP, Borges A, Berretta AA, Veneziani RCS, Martins CHG, Ambrósio SR. Green and Red Brazilian Propolis: Antimicrobial Potential and Anti-Virulence against ATCC and Clinically Isolated Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100307. [PMID: 34086414 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Brazilian green and red propolis stand out as commercial products for different medical applications. In this article, we report the antimicrobial activities of the hydroalcoholic extracts of green (EGP) and red (ERP) propolis, as well as guttiferone E plus xanthochymol (8) and oblongifolin B (9) from red propolis, against multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). We undertook the minimal inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations, inhibition of biofilm formation (MICB50 ), catalase, coagulase, DNase, lipase, and hemolysin assays, along with molecular docking simulations. ERP was more effective by displaying MIC and MBC values <100 μg mL-1 . Compounds 8 and 9 displayed the lowest MIC values (0.98 to 31.25 μg mL-1 ) against all tested Gram-positive MDRB. They also inhibited the biofilm formation of S. aureus (ATCC 43300 and clinical isolate) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 14990 and clinical isolate), with MICB50 values between 1.56 and 6.25 μg mL-1 . The molecular docking results indicated that 8 and 9 might interact with the catalase's amino acids. Compounds 8 and 9 have great antimicrobial potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Júlia M B Silva
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, Brazil
| | - Gláucia H Braun
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, Brazil
| | - Jennyfer A A Mejia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gari V C Ccapatinta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Matheus H Tanimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Jairo K Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av. do Café s/n, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Renato L T Parreira
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, Brazil
| | - Renato P Orenha
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Borges
- Faculty of Medicine, University Center of Santa Fé do Sul, Av. Mangara 477, Campus II, Santa Fé do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andresa A Berretta
- Laboratório de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento & Inovação, Apis Flora Indl. Coml. Ltda., Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos H G Martins
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará 1720, Bloco 2B sala 221, Uberlândia, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R Ambrósio
- University of Franca, Av. Dr. Armando de Salles Oliveira 201, Franca, Brazil
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23
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Şen Kaya S, Kiraz N, Bariş A, Turan D, Öz Y, Dağ İ, Aygün G. Effects of calcineurin inhibitors, cyclosporine A and tacrolimus (FK506), on the activity of antifungal drugs against Candida spp. J Med Microbiol 2021; 70. [PMID: 33915075 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. The simultaneous use of antifungals with immunosuppressive agents has become a necessity for patients taking immunosuppressive therapy. However, antifungal drugs are problematic because of their limited target.Hypothesis. Scientists have been searching for new antifungals and some compounds with at least additive effects on antifungals. Calcineurin inhibitors used as immunosuppressive agents also attract attention due to their antifungal property.Aim. To evaluate the activity of two calcineurin inhibitors alone and in combination with amphotericin B (AMB), caspofungin (CAS), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR) and fluconazole (FLU).Methodology. MICs of AMB, CAS, ITR, VOR, FLU and cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus (TAC) as calcineurin inhibitors were evaluated by the broth microdilution method against Candida albicans (n=13), C. krusei (n=7) and C. glabrata (n=10). Checkerboard and time-kill methods were performed to investigate the activity of combining calcineurin inhibitors with antifungal drugs.Results. The lowest MIC values were detected with VOR for all Candida isolates tested. Although we did not detect any inhibition for CsA or TAC alone at concentrations tested in this study, the combinations of CAS with CsA showed the highest synergistic activity (36.7%) by the checkerboard method, and CAS with CsA and ITR with TAC combinations exhibited apparent synergistic interaction by the time-kill method. However, the combinations of both CsA and TAC with AMB resulted in antagonistic interactions, especially against C. krusei isolate in time-kill testing.Conclusion. Synergistic interactions in the combinations of TAC or CsA with antifungal drugs, except for AMB, in many concentrations was found to be promising in terms of the treatment of patients with fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sümeyye Şen Kaya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Kiraz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namık Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Bariş
- Department of Microbiology, Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Turan
- Department of Microbiology, Haydarpasa Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Öz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - İlknur Dağ
- Vocational Health Services High School, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey.,Central Research Laboratory Application and Research Center, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Gökhan Aygün
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Wei LQ, Tan JC, Wang Y, Mei YK, Xue JY, Tian L, Song KY, Han L, Cui YC, Peng YB, Li JQ, Liu NN, Wang H. Fingolimod Potentiates the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:627917. [PMID: 33968796 PMCID: PMC8102868 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.627917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that can cause severe infection in clinic. Its incidence and mortality rate has been increasing rapidly. Amphotericin B (AMB), the clinical golden standard antifungal agent, has severe side effects that limit its clinical application. Thus, lowering the concentration and increasing the efficacy of AMB in a combinatorial antifungal therapy have been pursued by both industry and academia. Here we identify that fingolimod (FTY720), an immunomodulatory drug used for oral treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, can potentiate the efficacy of AMB against C. albicans growth synergistically. Furthermore, we observe an antifungal efficacy of FTY720 in combination with AMB against diverse fungal pathogens. Intriguingly, cells treated with both drugs are hypersensitive to endothelial endocytosis and macrophage killing. This is later found to be due to the hyperaccumulation of reactive oxygen species and the corresponding increase in activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in the cells that received combinatorial treatment. Therefore, the combination of AMB and FTY720 provides a promising antifungal strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Qi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Cong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Kun Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Yu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke-Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Chao Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Bing Peng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-Quan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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25
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Wang Y, Lu C, Zhao X, Wang D, Liu Y, Sun S. Antifungal activity and potential mechanism of Asiatic acid alone and in combination with fluconazole against Candida albicans. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 139:111568. [PMID: 33845374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection remains a challenge to clinicians due to the limited available antifungals. With the widespread use of antifungals in the clinic, the drug resistance has been emerging continuously, especially fluconazole. Therefore, searching for new antifungals, active constituents of natural or traditional medicines, and approaches to overcome antifungals resistance is needed. This study investigated the activity of Asiatic acid (AA) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against C. albicans in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro studies indicated that the drug combination had a synergistic effect on FLC-resistant C. albicans, with fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.25. And when AA at the dose of 32 µg/mL, the drug combination group could decrease the sessile minimum inhibitory concentration (sMIC) of FLC from > 1024 µg/mL to 0.125-0.25 µg/mL within 8 h against C. albicans biofilms, even with the FICI > 0.5. In vivo, the antifungal efficacy of AA used alone and in combination with FLC was evaluated by Galleria mellonella (G. mellonella) larvae. The drug combination group prolonged the survival rate and reduced tissue invasion of larvae infected with resistant C. albicans. Furthermore, mechanism studies indicated that the antifungal effects of AA in combination with FLC might be associated with the inhibition of drug efflux pump, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the inhibition of hyphal growth. These findings might provide novel insights for overcoming drug resistance of C. albicans and bring new reference data for the development and application of AA in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Lu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Decai Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian, Shandong Province 27100, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Pediatric Drug Development, Shandong Medicine and Health Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, People's Republic of China.
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26
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The effect of EDTA in combination with some antibiotics against clinical isolates of gram negative bacteria in Mansoura, Egypt. Microb Pathog 2021; 154:104840. [PMID: 33691177 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Extensive use of antibiotics in clinical practice has been associated with increasing frequency of resistant microorganisms. So new strategy is needed to treat the resistant pathogens. Hence this study was conducted to determine the effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in increasing the inhibition effect of some antibiotics on multi-drug resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria. For this purpose, 40 E. coli isolates, 40 K. pneumoniae isolates and 50 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from different University's hospitals in Mansoura, Egypt. Antibacterial susceptibility pattern against 9 different antimicrobials were studied by disc diffusion method. Also the effect of two sub-inhibitory concentrations of EDTA (1 and 2 mM) on the inhibition zones of antibiotic discs against the highly multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates was determined. Checkerboard method was used for testing the activity of gentamicin/EDTA and cefotaxime/EDTA combinations on the highly MDR isolates. Additionally, the effect of EDTA on the expression of efflux pump genes was tested by real time-PCR. Most of the clinical isolates were found to be resistant to the tested antibiotics except imipenem and high prevalence of MDR isolates was recorded. 34 isolates were selected as those showed the highest multi-drug resistance and were tested to specify their MIC for EDTA as EDTA showed strong antibacterial activity with MIC ranging 4-8 mM. The addition of sub-MIC of EDTA (1or 2 mM) to the agar plate resulted in changing the 11 tested E. coli isolates from resistant to sensitive to ceftazidime, gentamicin, rifampin, ampicillin, erythromycin and vancomycin, the tested K. pneumoniae isolates were turned also from resistant to sensitive to gentamicin and ceftazidime, additionally the tested P. aeruginosa isolates became sensitive to gentamicin, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin. Indifference to additive activity was observed for tested combinations and MIC value of cefotaxime or gentamicin in combination with EDTA was less than antibiotic alone in the most tested isolates. Moreover, significant reduction (P < 0.01) in the expression of all tested efflux pump genes in treated E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa isolates with EDTA compared to untreated isolates was observed. In conclusion, these results suggest that the combination of antibiotic especially gentamicin with EDTA may be fruitful for management of resistant gram negative infections.
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Bidaud AL, Schwarz P, Herbreteau G, Dannaoui E. Techniques for the Assessment of In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Combinations. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020113. [PMID: 33557026 PMCID: PMC7913650 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic fungal infections are associated with high mortality rates despite adequate treatment. Moreover, acquired resistance to antifungals is increasing, which further complicates the therapeutic management. One strategy to overcome antifungal resistance is to use antifungal combinations. In vitro, several techniques are used to assess drug interactions, such as the broth microdilution checkerboard, agar-diffusion methods, and time-kill curves. Currently, the most widely used technique is the checkerboard method. The aim of all these techniques is to determine if the interaction between antifungal agents is synergistic, indifferent, or antagonistic. However, the interpretation of the results remains difficult. Several methods of analysis can be used, based on different theories. The most commonly used method is the calculation of the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Determination of the usefulness of combination treatments in patients needs well-conducted clinical trials, which are difficult. It is therefore important to study antifungal combinations in vivo, in experimental animal models of fungal infections. Although mammalian models have mostly been used, new alternative animal models in invertebrates look promising. To evaluate the antifungal efficacy, the most commonly used criteria are the mortality rate and the fungal load in the target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Bidaud
- Parasitology-Mycology Unit, Microbiology Department, APHP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, F-75015 Paris, France;
| | - Patrick Schwarz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Baldingerstraße, D-35043 Marburg, Germany;
- Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals, Philipps University Marburg, D-35037 Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Eric Dannaoui
- Parasitology-Mycology Unit, Microbiology Department, APHP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris-Descartes University, F-75015 Paris, France;
- Dynamyc Research Group, Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC, EnvA), F-94010 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-56-09-39-48; Fax: +33-1-56-09-24-46
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Khalifa HO, Majima H, Watanabe A, Kamei K. In Vitro Characterization of Twenty-One Antifungal Combinations against Echinocandin-Resistant and -Susceptible Candida glabrata. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7020108. [PMID: 33540778 PMCID: PMC7912999 DOI: 10.3390/jof7020108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the interaction of 21 antifungal combinations consisting of seven major antifungal agents against 11 echinocandin- susceptible and six-resistant C. glabrata isolates. The combinations were divided into five major groups and were evaluated by checkerboard, disc diffusion, and time-killing assays. Synergy based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index of ≤0.50 was observed in 17.65-29.41% of the cases for caspofungin combinations with azoles or amphotericin B. Amphotericin B combination with azoles induced synergistic interaction in a range of 11.76-29.41%. Azole combinations and 5-flucytosine combinations with azoles or amphotericin B did not show synergistic interactions. None of the 21 combinations showed antagonistic interactions. Interestingly, 90% of the detected synergism was among the echinocandin-resistant isolates. Disk diffusion assays showed that the inhibition zones produced by antifungal combinations were equal to or greater than those produced by single drugs. The time-killing assay showed the synergistic action of caspofungin combination with fluconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole, and the amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combination. Furthermore, for the first time, this assay confirmed the fungicidal activity of caspofungin-voriconazole and amphotericin B-5-flucytosine combinations. The combination interactions ranged from synergism to indifference and, most importantly, no antagonism was reported and most of the synergistic action was among echinocandin-resistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazim O. Khalifa
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Hidetaka Majima
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +043-222-7171
| | - Katsuhiko Kamei
- Division of Clinical Research, Medical Mycology Research Centre, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan; (H.O.K.); (H.M.); (K.K.)
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Abstract
Self-splicing proteins, called inteins, are present in many human pathogens, including the emerging fungal threats Cryptococcus neoformans (Cne) and Cryptococcus gattii (Cga), the causative agents of cryptococcosis. Inhibition of protein splicing in Cryptococcus sp. interferes with activity of the only intein-containing protein, Prp8, an essential intron splicing factor. Here, we screened a small-molecule library to find addititonal, potent inhibitors of the Cne Prp8 intein using a split-GFP splicing assay. This revealed the compound 6G-318S, with IC50 values in the low micromolar range in the split-GFP assay and in a complementary split-luciferase system. A fluoride derivative of the compound 6G-318S displayed improved cytotoxicity in human lung carcinoma cells, although there was a slight reduction in the inhibition of splicing. 6G-318S and its derivative inhibited splicing of the Cne Prp8 intein in vivo in Escherichia coli and in C. neoformans Moreover, the compounds repressed growth of WT C. neoformans and C. gattii In contrast, the inhibitors were less potent at inhibiting growth of the inteinless Candida albicans Drug resistance was observed when the Prp8 intein was overexpressed in C. neoformans, indicating specificity of this molecule toward the target. No off-target activity was observed, such as inhibition of serine/cysteine proteases. The inhibitors bound covalently to the Prp8 intein and binding was reduced when the active-site residue Cys1 was mutated. 6G-318S showed a synergistic effect with amphotericin B and additive to indifferent effects with a few other clinically used antimycotics. Overall, the identification of these small-molecule intein-splicing inhibitors opens up prospects for a new class of antifungals.
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Tekintaş Y, Temel A, Ateş A, Eraç B, Metin DY, Hilmioğlu Polat S, Hoşgör Limoncu M. Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Alone and in Combination with Fluconazole. Turk J Pharm Sci 2020; 17:667-672. [PMID: 33389969 DOI: 10.4274/tjps.galenos.2019.65481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Candida spp. are clinically important pathogens that cause difficulties for treatment by biofilm formation. Considering antifungal resistance rates and the limitations in the discovery of new antifungals, the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of various drugs used for different therapeutic purposes are becoming more important. The goal of our study was to determine the antifungal and antibiofilm effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), namely sertraline (SRT), paroxetine (PRX), and fluoxetine (FLX) alone and in combination with fluconazole (FLC) against Candida spp. Materials and Methods Twenty Candida spp. strains isolated from clinical samples from Ege University Hospital were identified by the Dalmau method and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the SSRIs and FLC were detected by broth microdilution method. Synergistic interactions between the SSRIs and FLC were investigated by checkerboard assay. The antibiofilm effects of the SSRIs were determined by spectrophotometric microplate method. Results Among the isolates, five different Candida spp. (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. tropicalis, and C.parapsilosis) were identified. The MICs of the SSRIs ranged between 16-512 μg/mL. While SRT showed the highest antifungal effect, the antibiofilm efficacy of FLX was higher than that of the other agents. Moreover, FLX and PRX showed a synergistic effect with FLC in 13 and 19 isolates, respectively. Four isolates were strong biofilm producers while nine isolates were moderate biofilm producers. C. parapsilosis strains showed higher biofilm production than the other species. At MIC/2 concentration, FLX and SRT alone inhibited mature biofilms in six and five isolates, respectively, while PRX caused increases biofilm formation in seven isolates. Conclusion This study revealed that MIC/2 concentrations of SSRIs could have antifungal and antibiofilm effects. SRT and FLX alone or in combination with antifungals may possibly have therapeutic potential for combating fungal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamaç Tekintaş
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Aybala Temel
- İzmir Katip Çelebi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Ateş
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Bayrı Eraç
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yeşim Metin
- Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Hoşgör Limoncu
- Ege University Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, İzmir, Turkey
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Lee WB, Chien CC, You HL, Kuo FC, Lee MS, Lee GB. Rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests on an integrated microfluidic device for precision medicine of antibiotics. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 176:112890. [PMID: 33349537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study reports an integrated microfluidic device that was capable of executing rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests with one, two, or even three antibiotics against two clinically isolated multi-drug-resistant bacteria strains (including carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). Bacteria were automatically mixed for 10 min with serially diluted antibiotics with a novel, membrane-type micromixer consisting of two circular micropumps, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were then determined via simple colorimetric reactions in only 4.5-6 h using only 3 μL of bacteria sample of each reaction (as opposed to 24 h and 50 μL, respectively, with the conventional broth micro-dilution method). In addition to determining MICs of antibiotics (ceftazidime, gentamicin, meropenem, vancomycin and linezolid), interaction effects across antibiotics combinations (gentamicin/meropenem or ceftazidime/gentamicin/meropenem) at different dosages were explored. The efficacy of polypharmacy showed additivity when gentamicin or ceftazidime/gentamicin were combined with meropenem to treat carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli. This represents the first time that the perplexing clinical decision to choose multiple antibiotics for combination therapy against drug resistant bacteria can be realized on an integrated microfluidic device within 6 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Chien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Ling You
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Chih Kuo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan
| | - Mel S Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, 83301, Taiwan.
| | - Gwo-Bin Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan; Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan.
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Pinto ÂV, de Oliveira JC, Costa de Medeiros CA, Silva SL, Pereira FO. Potentiation of antifungal activity of terbinafine by dihydrojasmone and terpinolene against dermatophytes. Lett Appl Microbiol 2020; 72:292-298. [PMID: 32790923 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dermatophytoses are infections that affect keratinized tissues. Their main etiologic agents are fungi of the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton. The emergence of resistant fungi and the clinical relevance of dermatophytosis have encouraged studies that aim to increase the arsenal of drugs or act on mechanisms that confer multiple drug resistance. This study investigated the modulating activity of terbinafine promoted by dihydrojasmone and terpinolene against Microsporum canis LM 216, Trichophyton interdigitale H6 and T. interdigitale Δmdr2. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of test drugs was determined by broth microdilution. The effect of the drugs tested on plasma membrane functionality was analysed. Terbinafine MIC was determined in sub-inhibitory concentrations of monoterpenes. Finally, it was performed an association study with terbinafine and monoterpenes. Dihydrojasmone presented lower MIC values than terpinolene. All fungi were sensitive to terbinafine, starting at 1 μg ml-1 . All tested drugs increased K+ release (P < 0·05), affecting the functionality of the plasma membrane. Dihydrojasmone modulated the sensitivity of all strains against terbinafine, and terpinolene modulated the sensitivity of M. canis LM 216 and T. interdigitale Δmdr2. The monoterpenes and terbinafine drug associations presented synergism. In conclusion, the results suggest that the dihydrojasmone and terpinolene are promising antifungal agents that potentiate the antifungal activity of terbinafine against dermatophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Â V Pinto
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - J C de Oliveira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - C A Costa de Medeiros
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - S L Silva
- Graduate Program in Natural and Bioactive Synthetic Products, Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, Federal University of Paraiba, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - F O Pereira
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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Liu Y, Ren H, Wang D, Zhang M, Sun S, Zhao Y. The synergistic antifungal effects of gypenosides combined with fluconazole against resistant Candida albicans via inhibiting the drug efflux and biofilm formation. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 130:110580. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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Anjos MNV, de Araújo-Neto LN, Silva Buonafina MD, Pereira Neves R, de Souza ER, Bezerra ICF, Ferreira MRA, Soares LAL, Coutinho HDM, Martins N, da Silva MV, Correia MTDS. Ocotea glomerata (Nees) Mez Extract and Fractions: Chemical Characterization, Anti- Candida Activity and Related Mechanism of Action. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9070394. [PMID: 32659912 PMCID: PMC7400089 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9070394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Opportunistic fungal infections are increasingly common, with Candida albicans being the most common etiological agent; however, in recent years, episodes of candidiasis caused by non-albicansCandida species have emerged. Plants belonging to the Lauraceae family have shown remarkable antifungal effects. This study assessed the anti-Candida activity of Ocotea glomerata extracts and fractions, time of death and the synergistic effects with conventional antifungals. The possible mechanism of action was also addressed. Methods: Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by broth microdilution technique, and the mechanism of action was assessed by ergosterol, sorbitol, cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and phosphatidylserine externalization tests. Results: All the tested extracts evidenced antifungal activity, but the methanol extract was revealed to be the most effective (MIC = 3.12 μg/mL) on C. krusei. The combination of methanol extract with ketoconazole and fluconazole revealed a synergistic effect for C. krusei and C. albicans, respectively. Fractions 1 and 5 obtained from the methanol extract had fungicidal activity, mainly against C. krusei. Methanol extract did not reveal effects by ergosterol and sorbitol assays; however, it led to an increase in intracellular ROS levels, decreased cell viability, and consequently, cell death. Conclusion: O. glomerata methanol extract may be viewed as a rich source of biomolecules with antifungal activity against Candida spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Nunes Vitor Anjos
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.N.V.A.); (M.V.d.S.); (M.T.d.S.C.)
| | - Luiz Nascimento de Araújo-Neto
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.-N.); (M.D.S.B.); (R.P.N.); (E.R.d.S.)
| | - Maria Daniela Silva Buonafina
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.-N.); (M.D.S.B.); (R.P.N.); (E.R.d.S.)
| | - Rejane Pereira Neves
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.-N.); (M.D.S.B.); (R.P.N.); (E.R.d.S.)
| | - Edson Rubhens de Souza
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Department of Mycology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (L.N.d.A.-N.); (M.D.S.B.); (R.P.N.); (E.R.d.S.)
| | - Isabelle Cristinne Ferraz Bezerra
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (I.C.F.B.); (M.R.A.F.); (L.A.L.S.)
| | - Magda Rhayanny Assunção Ferreira
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (I.C.F.B.); (M.R.A.F.); (L.A.L.S.)
| | - Luiz Alberto Lira Soares
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (I.C.F.B.); (M.R.A.F.); (L.A.L.S.)
| | - Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato 63000-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Natália Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (H.D.M.C.); (N.M.)
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.N.V.A.); (M.V.d.S.); (M.T.d.S.C.)
| | - Maria Tereza dos Santos Correia
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (M.N.V.A.); (M.V.d.S.); (M.T.d.S.C.)
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Assessment of the antibacterial, antivirulence, and action mechanism of Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and isolated compounds against oral bacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110467. [PMID: 32603890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiome can cause oral diseases, including dental caries and endodontic infections. The use of natural products could help to overcome bacterial resistance to the antimicrobials that are currently employed in clinical therapy. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of the Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and of the compounds isolated from this resin against oral bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays provided values ranging from 6.25 to > 400 μg/mL for the C. pubiflora oleoresin and its isolated compounds. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) assay showed that the oleoresin and chlorhexidine did not act synergistically. All the tested bacterial strains formed biofilms. MICB50 determination revealed inhibitory action: values varied from 3.12-25 μg/mL for the oleoresin, and from 0.78 to 25 μg/mL for the ent-hardwickiic acid. Concerning biofilm eradication, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and hardwickiic acid eradicated 99.9 % of some bacterial biofilms. Acid resistance determination showed that S. mutans was resistant to acid in the presence of the oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid at pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 at all the tested concentrations. Analysis of DNA/RNA and protein release by the cell membrane demonstrated that the oleoresin and hardwiickic acid damaged the bacterial membrane irreversibly, which affected membrane integrity. Therefore, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid have potential antibacterial effect and can be used as new therapeutic alternatives to treat oral diseases such as dental caries and endodontic infections.
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The Sensitivity Modifying Activity of Nerolidol and α-Bisabolol Against Trichophyton spp. Indian J Microbiol 2020; 60:505-510. [PMID: 33088000 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-020-00895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichophyton spp. is one of the main causative agents of dermatophytosis such as tinea ungium and tinea pedis. Resistance to antifungal drugs is a significant clinical problem in dermatophytosis. The main molecular mechanism of antifungal resistance to conventional therapy in dermatophytes is the expression of efflux pumps. Efforts aimed at improving the efficacy of current antifungals such as griseofulvin are relevant. Given this, sesquiterpenes such as α-bisabolol and nerolidol found in essential oils represent promissing alternatives. Griseofulvin sensitivity modulation activity in T. rubrum, T. interdigitale H6, and T. interdigitale Δmdr2 (mutant strain of T. interdigitale) promoted by α-bisabolol and nerolidol were investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the test drugs were determined by microdilution. Subsequently, the effect of the drugs tested on plasma membrane functionality (K+ release) was analyzed. The MIC of griseofulvin was determined at sub-inhibitory sesquiterpene concentrations (modulation assay). An association study was performed with griseofulvin and sesquiterpenes (checkerboard). α-bisabolol was more potent than nerolidol; presenting lower MIC values. All of the fungi were sensitive to griseofulvin, starting at 8 µg/mL. With the exception of griseofulvin, all of the test drugs increased K+ release (p < 0.05). Nerolidol modulated the sensitivity of all strains to griseofulvin; α-bisabolol sensitivity modulation was limited to T. interdigitale H6 and T. interdigitale Δmdr2. In association with griseofulvin: nerolidol and α-bisabolol respectively presented synergism and additivity. Finally, the results of our study suggest using α-bisabolol and nerolidol compounds as potential antifungal agents and griseofulvin sensitivity modulators for Trichophyton spp.
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Hao K, Meng R, Bu X, Liu Z, Yan H, Zhang Y, Guo NA. Antibacterial Effect of Caprylic Acid and Potassium Sorbate in Combination against Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644. J Food Prot 2020; 83:920-927. [PMID: 32428934 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a common foodborne pathogen that cause life-threatening infection with high mortality rates. Biofilm development of L. monocytogenes decreases its sensitivity to antibiotics, which has long attracted attention globally. Caprylic acid (CA) and potassium sorbate (PS) are both widely used food preservatives, but their synergistic effect against L. monocytogenes has not been described. This study explored the antibacterial activities of the CA-PS combination against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 grown in planktonic or biofilm cultures. The fractional inhibitory concentration index values, determined by the checkerboard microdilution method, were 0.37 ± 0.03 and 0.31 ± 0.04, showing their synergistic antimicrobial effects against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 in planktonic and biofilm cultures, respectively. CA-PS effectively eradicated the biofilm biomass to 10.8% by crystal violet assay and to 8.63% by fluorescence microscopic analysis compared with the control. The apoptosis rates of microbial cells embedded within biofilm significantly increased to 51.4%. Subsequent analysis revealed that the combination inhibited biofilm formation by affecting extracellular DNA release and polysaccharide intercellular adhesion expression, which was decreased from 8.93 to 1.04 ng of extracellular DNA per relative biomass and to 54.7% of the control, respectively. In addition, the combination inhibited the growth of L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 by up to 0.67 ± 0.05 and 0.30 ± 0.03 log CFU/cm2 in planktonic and biofilm modes on a carrot surface, respectively. The synergistic antibacterial effects of CA-PS against L. monocytogenes ATCC 7644 were statistically significant, and the combination is an excellent candidate to be a novel food preservative. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Rizeng Meng
- Jilin Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Bu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Zonghui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - N A Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, 130062 Changchun, People's Republic of China
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Mendes FSF, Garcia LM, Moraes TDS, Casemiro LA, Alcântara CBD, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RCS, Miranda MLD, Martins CHG. Antibacterial activity of salvia officinalis L. against periodontopathogens: An in vitro study. Anaerobe 2020; 63:102194. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2020.102194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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39
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Alves JA, Abrão F, da Silva Moraes T, Damasceno JL, dos Santos Moraes MF, Sola Veneziani RC, Ambrósio SR, Bastos JK, Dantas Miranda ML, Gomes Martins CH. Investigation of Copaifera genus as a new source of antimycobaterial agents. Future Sci OA 2020; 6:FSO587. [PMID: 32802394 PMCID: PMC7421775 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2020-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This paper reports on the antimycobacterial activity of the oleoresins and extracts obtained from Copaifera spp. MATERIALS & METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and fractional inhibitory concentration index techniques helped to evaluate the effect of these oleoresins and extracts against six strains of mycobacteria that cause tuberculosis. RESULTS & CONCLUSION Among the assayed oleoresins and plant extracts, the Copaifera langsdorffii, Copaifera duckei, Copaifera reticulata and Copaifera trapezifolia oleoresins provided the lowest MIC values against some of the tested strains. The combination of Copaifera spp. samples with isoniazid did not evidence any synergistic action. Some Copaifera spp. oleoresins may represent a future source for the discovery of new antimycobacterial drugs due to their low MIC values.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fariza Abrão
- Research Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaís da Silva Moraes
- Research Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jairo Kenupp Bastos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Gomes Martins
- Research Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, University of Franca, Franca, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Research on Antimicrobial Trials (LaPEA), Institute of Biomedical Sciences – ICBIM, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
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40
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Santos FDAGD, Leite-Andrade MC, Brandão IDS, Alves AIDS, Buonafina MDS, Nunes M, Araújo-Neto LND, Freitas MAD, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Coutinho HDM, Neves RP. Anti-biofilm effect by the combined action of fluconazole and acetylsalicylic acid against species of Candida parapsilosis complex. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 84:104378. [PMID: 32464310 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Candida parapsilosis complex has been associated with highly refractory infections mainly due to the presence of biofilms. High glucose levels enable the development of this virulence factor which can aggravate the clinical condition of patients with diabetes mellitus, those using parenteral nutrition, with invasive medical device, including others. Combined antifungal therapy, such as azole and cyclooxygenase inhibitors, may be an alternative in such infections since they modulate prostaglandin production favoring the adhesion and development of biofilms. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of glucose supplementation in the formation and detection of Candida parapsilosis complex biofilms and to treat them using fluconazole and a cyclooxygenase inhibitor in combination. Protein spectra evaluation allowed the differentiation between species from the complex (score > 2) in our studies. All isolates were able to form active biofilms at different glucose concentrations. In addition, a significant reduction in biofilm formation was observed when fluconazole and acetylsalicylic acid were combined. The ultrastructural analysis presented typical biofilm characteristics by species from the complex. These data support new combined therapies for the treatment of fungal infections, especially with those which are resistant and therapeutic failure is associated with virulence factors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fábio André Brayner
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Brazil
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41
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Lira MHPD, Andrade Júnior FPD, Moraes GFQ, Macena GDS, Pereira FDO, Lima IO. Antimicrobial activity of geraniol: an integrative review. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2020.1745697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Helena Pereira de Lira
- Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, Education and Health Center (Ces), Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Cuité, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Igara Oliveira Lima
- Health Academic Unit and of Post-Graduation in Natural Sciences and Biotechnology, CES/UFCG, Cuité, Brazil
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42
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Silva D, Diniz-Neto H, Cordeiro L, Silva-Neta M, Silva S, Andrade-Júnior F, Leite M, Nóbrega J, Morais M, Souza J, Rosa L, Melo T, Souza H, Sousa A, Rodrigues G, Oliveira-Filho A, Lima E. (R)-(+)-β-Citronellol and (S)-(-)-β-Citronellol in Combination with Amphotericin B against Candida Spp. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051785. [PMID: 32150884 PMCID: PMC7084460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The enantiomers (R)-(+)-β-citronellol and (S)-(−)-β-citronellol are present in many medicinal plants, but little is understood about their bioactivity against Candida yeasts. This study aimed to evaluate the behavior of positive and negative enantiomers of β-citronellol on strains of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis involved in candidemia. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) were determined. The evaluation of growth kinetics, mechanism of action, and association studies with Amphotericin B (AB) using the checkerboard method was also performed. R-(+)-β-citronellol and S-(−)-β-citronellol presented a MIC50% of 64 µg/mL and a MFC50% of 256 µg/mL for C. albicans strains. For C. tropicalis, the isomers exhibited a MIC50% of 256 µg/mL and a MFC50% of 1024 µg/mL. In the mechanism of action assay, both substances displayed an effect on the fungal membrane but not on the fungal cell wall. Synergism and indifference were observed in the association of R-(+)-β-citronellol and AB, while the association between S-(−)-β-citronellol and AB displayed synergism, additivity, and indifference. In conclusion, both isomers of β-citronellol presented a similar profile of antifungal activity. Hence, they can be contemplated in the development of new antifungal drugs providing that further research is conducted about their pharmacology and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-99981-1977
| | - Hermes Diniz-Neto
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Laísa Cordeiro
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Silva-Neta
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Shellygton Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Francisco Andrade-Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Leite
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Jefferson Nóbrega
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Maria Morais
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Juliana Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Lyvia Rosa
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Thamara Melo
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
| | - Helivaldo Souza
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (J.S.); (H.S.)
| | - Aleson Sousa
- Postgraduate Program in Drug Development and Technological Innovation, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil;
| | - Gregório Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil;
| | - Abrahão Oliveira-Filho
- Health and Rural Technology Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58700-970, Brazil;
| | - Edeltrudes Lima
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil; (H.D.-N.); (L.C.); (M.S.-N.); (S.S.); (F.A.-J.); (M.L.); (J.N.); (M.M.); (L.R.); (T.M.); (E.L.)
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Ponte HAS, Lima MIDO, Lima EDO, Pereira FDO. Linalool modulates dermatophyte susceptibility to azole drugs. Med Mycol 2020; 58:272-274. [PMID: 31329906 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myz041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the monoterpene linalool and its resistance modulating activity involving ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitors (ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole) in strains of Microsporum spp. and Trichophyton spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of test-drugs were determined by microdilution. The modulating effect of linalool was evaluated by determining the MIC of the antifungals in the presence of subinhibitory concentrations of linalool. We also investigated the association effect (checkerboard) of linalool together with ketoconazole and itraconazole. The fungi became more sensitive to ketoconazole and itraconazole in the presence of linalool. The linalool and azole drug associations presented synergism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Aparecida Silva Ponte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Maria Islaine de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
| | - Edeltrudes de Oliveira Lima
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraıba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Fillipe de Oliveira Pereira
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Academic Unit of Health, Education and Health Center, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Brazil
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44
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Faria DR, Sakita KM, Capoci IRG, Arita GS, Rodrigues-Vendramini FAV, de Oliveira Junior AG, Soares Felipe MS, Bonfim de Mendonça PDS, Svidzinski TIE, Kioshima ES. Promising antifungal activity of new oxadiazole against Candida krusei. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227876. [PMID: 31935275 PMCID: PMC6959663 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida krusei is one of the most common agents of invasive candidiasis and candidemia worldwide, leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. This species has become a problem due to its intrinsic resistance and reduced susceptibility to azoles and polyenes. Moreover, the number of antifungal drugs available for candidiasis treatment is limited, demonstrating the urgent need for the discovery of novel alternative therapies. In this work, the in vivo and in vitro activities of a new oxadiazole (LMM11) were evaluated against C. krusei. The minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 32 to 64 μg/mL with a significant reduction in the colony forming unit (CFU) count (~3 log10). LMM11 showed fungicidal effect, similar to amphotericin, reducing the viable cell number (>99.9%) in the time-kill curve. Yeast cells presented morphological alterations and inactive metabolism when treated with LMM11. This compound was also effective in decreasing C. krusei replication inside and outside macrophages. A synergistic effect between fluconazole and LMM11 was observed. In vivo treatment with the new oxadiazole led to a significant reduction in CFU (0.85 log10). Furthermore, histopathological analysis of the treated group exhibited a reduction in the inflammatory area. Taken together, these results indicate that LMM11 is a promising candidate for the development of a new antifungal agent for the treatment of infections caused by resistant Candida species such as C. krusei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Renata Faria
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Karina Mayumi Sakita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Isis Regina Grenier Capoci
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Sayuri Arita
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Maria Sueli Soares Felipe
- Department of Cell Biology, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erika Seki Kioshima
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, Laboratory of Medical Mycology, State University of Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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45
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Caesar LK, Cech NB. Synergy and antagonism in natural product extracts: when 1 + 1 does not equal 2. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:869-888. [PMID: 31187844 DOI: 10.1039/c9np00011a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019 According to a 2012 survey from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, approximately 18% of the U.S. population uses natural products (including plant-based or botanical preparations) for treatment or prevention of disease. The use of plant-based medicines is even more prevalent in developing countries, where for many they constitute the primary health care modality. Proponents of the medicinal use of natural product mixtures often claim that they are more effective than purified compounds due to beneficial "synergistic" interactions. A less-discussed phenomenon, antagonism, in which effects of active constituents are masked by other compounds in a complex mixture, also occurs in natural product mixtures. Synergy and antagonism are notoriously difficult to study in a rigorous fashion, particularly given that natural products chemistry research methodology is typically devoted to reducing complexity and identifying single active constituents for drug development. This report represents a critical review with commentary about the current state of the scientific literature as it relates to studying combination effects (including both synergy and antagonism) in natural product extracts. We provide particular emphasis on analytical and Big Data approaches for identifying synergistic or antagonistic combinations and elucidating the mechanisms that underlie their interactions. Specific case studies of botanicals in which synergistic interactions have been documented are also discussed. The topic of synergy is important given that consumer use of botanical natural products and associated safety concerns continue to garner attention by the public and the media. Guidance by the natural products community is needed to provide strategies for effective evaluation of safety and toxicity of botanical mixtures and to drive discovery in botanical natural product research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay K Caesar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina, USA.
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46
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Dannaoui E, Espinel-Ingroff A. Antifungal Susceptibly Testing by Concentration Gradient Strip Etest Method for Fungal Isolates: A Review. J Fungi (Basel) 2019; 5:jof5040108. [PMID: 31766762 PMCID: PMC6958406 DOI: 10.3390/jof5040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antifungal susceptibility testing is an important tool for managing patients with invasive fungal infections, as well as for epidemiological surveillance of emerging resistance. For routine testing in clinical microbiology laboratories, ready-to-use commercial methods are more practical than homemade reference techniques. Among commercially available methods, the concentration gradient Etest strip technique is widely used. It combines an agar-based diffusion method with a dilution method that determinates a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) in µg/mL. Many studies have evaluated the agreement between the gradient strip method and the reference methods for both yeasts and filamentous fungi. This agreement has been variable depending on the antifungal, the species, and the incubation time. It has also been shown that the gradient strip method could be a valuable alternative for detection of emerging resistance (non-wild-type isolates) as Etest epidemiological cutoff values have been recently defined for several drug-species combinations. Furthermore, the Etest could be useful for direct antifungal susceptibility testing on blood samples and basic research studies (e.g., the evaluation of the in vitro activity of antifungal combinations). This review summarizes the available data on the performance and potential use of the gradient strip method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Dannaoui
- Paris-Descartes University, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
- APHP, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Parasitology-Mycology Unit, Microbiology Department, 75015 Paris, France
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-15-6093-948; Fax: +33-15-6092-446
| | - Ana Espinel-Ingroff
- Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU) Medical Center, Richmond, VA 23219, USA;
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47
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Alexopoulos A, Kimbaris AC, Plessas S, Mantzourani I, Voidarou C, Pagonopoulou O, Tsigalou C, Fournomiti M, Bontsidis C, Stavropoulou E, Papaemmanouil V, Bezirtzoglou E. Combined Action of Piperitenone Epoxide and Antibiotics Against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2607. [PMID: 31803154 PMCID: PMC6877480 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial efficiency of piperitenone epoxide (PEO) - a principal component of various aromatic plants' essential oil - in combination with various antibiotics against 28 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 10 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples. Mentha spicata's essential oil, initially collected by hydrodistillation, was then subjected to flush column chromatography affording PEO of high purity. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of PEO alone and in combination with various concentrations of antibiotics were assessed using the microdilution method. The combined action was estimated calculating the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index from checkerboard assays. Our results showed that the average minimum inhibitory concentration (mg/l) of PEO alone against E. coli was 512 ± 364.7 μg/ml, which was significantly higher than 172.8 ± 180.7 μg/ml observed for S. aureus. From checkerboard assays, FIC values below the 0.5 index, indicating synergy, were observed for 59% of the drugs tested. Twelve percent of FIC index values were between 0.5 and 1, indicating additive effects, while 21% were indifferent. According to our results, PEO could be a promising antimicrobial compound when combined with specific antibiotics and deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasios Alexopoulos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Athanasios C. Kimbaris
- Laboratory of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Stavros Plessas
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mantzourani
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Chrysa Voidarou
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Food Technology and Nutrition, Technological Educational Institute of Epirus, Arta, Greece
| | - Olga Pagonopoulou
- Laboratory of Physiology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Christina Tsigalou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Maria Fournomiti
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Christos Bontsidis
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
| | - Elisavet Stavropoulou
- Service de Médecine Interne, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Eugenia Bezirtzoglou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Biotechnology and Hygiene, Faculty of Agricultural Development, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
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She P, Liu Y, Wang Y, Tan F, Luo Z, Wu Y. Antibiofilm efficacy of the gold compound auranofin on dual species biofilms of
Staphylococcus aureus
and
Candida
sp. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 128:88-101. [PMID: 31509623 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei She
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yiqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yangxia Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou P.R. China
| | - Fang Tan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha P.R. China
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49
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Owen L, Laird K. Synergistic Combinations of Antibiotics with Cumin, Oregano and Rosewood Oils as a Strategy to Preserve the Antibiotic Repertoire. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083805666190521102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Formulations employing synergistic combinations of antibiotics
with Essential Oils (EOs) could help preserve the antibiotic repertoire by improving their activity
against resistant bacteria.
Objective:
Antimicrobial interactions between double and triple combinations of EOs, EO
components and antibiotics were determined using the checkerboard method. The most active
triple combinations were then assessed by a time-kill assay.
Methods:
Two synergistic EO-antibiotic combinations and eight additive EO-antibiotic combinations
reduced the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration below clinical sensitivity
breakpoints according to the checkerboard method. However, all the tested combinations
were additive according to the time-kill assay; while the combinations completely killed
S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells in 2 h. At least one EO compound from the combination
alone completely killed the cells of test species.
Results:
Two synergistic EO-antibiotic combinations and eight additive EO-antibiotic combinations
reduced the antibiotic minimum inhibitory concentration below clinical sensitivity
breakpoints according to the checkerboard method. However, all the tested combinations
were additive according to the time-kill assay; while the combinations completely killed
S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells in 2 h. At least one EO compound from the combination
alone completely killed the cells of test species.
Conclusion:
Positive interactions support the use of EOs or EO components to enhance antibiotic
efficacy against antibiotic resistant bacteria. The EO-antibiotic combinations tested
by the time kill assay were indifferent; therefore, the observed antimicrobial activity did not
arise from synergistic mechanisms as indicated by the checkerboard method. Investigation of
other synergistic combinations identified by the checkerboard method could reveal more
promising candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Owen
- Infectious Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Laird
- Infectious Disease Research Group, School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Mancarz GFF, Laba LC, da Silva ECP, Prado MRM, de Souza LM, de Souza D, Nakashima T, Mello RG. Liquidambar styraciflua L.: A new potential source for therapeutic uses. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:422-431. [PMID: 31220700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Liquidambar styraciflua L., ALTINGIACEAE, popularly known as sweet gum or alligator tree, is an aromatic tree with a natural distribution in North America and acclimated in Brazil. In traditional medicine, L. styraciflua L is used for the treatment of stomach disorders, wounds, and coughs. The present study was designed to investigate the biological potential and chemical profile of extracts obtained from aerial parts of L. styraciflua L. The chemical profile was established using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and the extracts were tested for total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins using spectrophotometric assays. The anti-inflammatory activity of L. styraciflua L was tested using an inhibition of hyaluronidase enzyme assay, and cytotoxic activities were tested by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2 yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The synergy between the plant extracts with ciprofloxacin and tetracycline was studied by the checkerboard assay method against eight bacterial strains.The phytochemical investigation showed that the leaves and stem are rich in phenolics compounds (1419.34-1614.02 mg GAE/g, 875.21-1557.57 mg GAE/g, respectively), mainly flavonoids and hydrolyzable tannins. The samples of the stem exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity. The butanol fraction of the stem was better than the commercial propolis extract. The hydroalcoholic extract of the stem and the propolis did not exhibit significant differences (p < 0.05) at any of the concentrations tested. A synergistic interaction was observed against the Gram-positive bacterial Enterococcus faecalis (hydroalcoholic extract of leaves and tetracycline) and Staphylococcus aureus (hydroalcoholic extract of stem and tetracycline). The IC50 values obtained for the extracts indicate the absence of toxicity and moderate cytotoxic for the hydroalcoholic extract of the stem. On the basis of our findings, L. styaciflua may be considered as a potential therapeutic source with high anti-inflammatory activity and synergistic interactions with antibiotics against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daiany de Souza
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Tomoe Nakashima
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Rosiane Guetter Mello
- Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil; Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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