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Akrami S, Dokht Khosravi A, Hashemzadeh M. Drug resistance profiles and related gene mutations in slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in regional tuberculosis reference laboratories of Iran: a three year cross-sectional study. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:52-62. [PMID: 35261334 PMCID: PMC9848329 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2049029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
There are limited studies on the antibiotic resistance patterns of slowly growing mycobacteria (SGM) species and their related gene mutations in Iran. This study aimed to elucidate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and the mutations in some genes that are associated with the antibiotic resistance among SGM isolates from Iran. The SGM strains were isolated from sputum samples of suspected tuberculosis (TB) patients. SGM species were identified by standard phenotypic tests and were assigned to species level by amplification and sequencing of the dnaK gene. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eight antibiotics was determined using broth microdilution method. The mutations in rrl, rpoB, gyrA, and gyrB genes were investigated in clarithromycin, rifampin, and moxifloxacin resistant isolates using sequencing method. A total of 77 SGM isolates including 46 (59.7%) Mycobacterium kansasii, 21 (27.3%) Mycbacterium simiae, and 10 (13%) Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were detected. The amikacin and linezolid with the susceptibility rates of 97.4% and 1.3% were the most and the least effective antibiotics, respectively. All MAC and M. simiae isolates, and 32 (69.6%) M. kansasii strains had multiple-drug resistance (MDR) profiles. The rrl, rpoB, gyrA, and gyrB genes showed various mutations in resistant isolates. Although the current study showed an association among resistance to the clarithromycin, rifampin, and moxifloxacin with mutations in the relevant genes, further research using the whole-genome sequencing is needed to provide a clearer insight into the molecular origins of drug resistance in SGM isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Akrami
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Azar Dokht Khosravi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Iranian group on Microbial Drug Resistance, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashemzadeh
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Alam MS, Guan P, Zhu Y, Zeng S, Fang X, Wang S, Yusuf B, Zhang J, Tian X, Fang C, Gao Y, Khatun MS, Liu Z, Hameed HMA, Tan Y, Hu J, Liu J, Zhang T. Comparative genome analysis reveals high-level drug resistance markers in a clinical isolate of Mycobacterium fortuitum subsp . fortuitum MF GZ001. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1056007. [PMID: 36683685 PMCID: PMC9846761 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1056007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Infections caused by non-tuberculosis mycobacteria are significantly worsening across the globe. M. fortuitum complex is a rapidly growing pathogenic species that is of clinical relevance to both humans and animals. This pathogen has the potential to create adverse effects on human healthcare. Methods The MF GZ001 clinical strain was collected from the sputum of a 45-year-old male patient with a pulmonary infection. The morphological studies, comparative genomic analysis, and drug resistance profiles along with variants detection were performed in this study. In addition, comparative analysis of virulence genes led us to understand the pathogenicity of this organism. Results Bacterial growth kinetics and morphology confirmed that MF GZ001 is a rapidly growing species with a rough morphotype. The MF GZ001 contains 6413573 bp genome size with 66.18 % high G+C content. MF GZ001 possesses a larger genome than other related mycobacteria and included 6156 protein-coding genes. Molecular phylogenetic tree, collinearity, and comparative genomic analysis suggested that MF GZ001 is a novel member of the M. fortuitum complex. We carried out the drug resistance profile analysis and found single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutations in key drug resistance genes such as rpoB, katG, AAC(2')-Ib, gyrA, gyrB, embB, pncA, blaF, thyA, embC, embR, and iniA. In addition, the MF GZ001strain contains mutations in iniA, iniC, pncA, and ribD which conferred resistance to isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and para-aminosalicylic acid respectively, which are not frequently observed in rapidly growing mycobacteria. A wide variety of predicted putative potential virulence genes were found in MF GZ001, most of which are shared with well-recognized mycobacterial species with high pathogenic profiles such as M. tuberculosis and M. abscessus. Discussion Our identified novel features of a pathogenic member of the M. fortuitum complex will provide the foundation for further investigation of mycobacterial pathogenicity and effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shah Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Sanshan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiange Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Tuberculosis, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Buhari Yusuf
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xirong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuiting Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yamin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mst Sumaia Khatun
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - H M Adnan Hameed
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoju Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinxing Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianxiong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Chest Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory of Respiratory Infectious Diseases, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory on Biomedicine and Health, Guangzhou, China
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Pierce ES, Barkhaus P, Beauchamp M, Bromberg M, Carter GT, Goslinga J, Greeley D, Kihuwa-Mani S, Levitsky G, Lund I, McDermott C, Pattee G, Pierce K, Polak M, Ratner D, Wicks P, Bedlack R. ALSUntangled #66: antimycobacterial antibiotics. Amyotroph Lateral Scler Frontotemporal Degener 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35913017 DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2022.2104650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Several infections have been associated with motor neuron diseases resembling ALS, including species of viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), most known for its probable etiologic association with Crohn's disease, has been suggested as another possible infectious cause of motor neuron disease. Two published case reports describe the successful treatment of ALS-like symptoms with antimycobacterial antibiotics. Both cases had atypical features. Based on these, we believe it would be reasonable to begin performing chest imaging in PALS who have features of their history or exam that are atypical for ALS such as pain, fevers, or eye movement abnormalities. If the chest imaging is abnormal, more specific testing for mycobacteria may be indicated. Until there is more clear evidence of an association between mycobacteria and ALS, we cannot endorse the widespread use of potentially toxic antimycobacterial antibiotics for PALS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Barkhaus
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Morgan Beauchamp
- UNC Neurosciences Clinical Trials Unit, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark Bromberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory T Carter
- Department of Rehabilitation, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Jill Goslinga
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David Greeley
- Northwest Neurological Associates, PLLC, Spokane, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Isaac Lund
- Undergraduate, Green Hope High School, Cary, NC, USA
| | | | - Gary Pattee
- Department of Neurology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Pierce
- Department of Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Meraida Polak
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory, GA, USA
| | - Dylan Ratner
- Undergraduate, Longmeadow High School, Longmeadow, MA, USA
| | - Paul Wicks
- Independent Consultant, Lichfield, England, UK
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Agrawal G, Clancy A, Huynh R, Borody T. Profound remission in Crohn's disease requiring no further treatment for 3-23 years: a case series. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:16. [PMID: 32308741 PMCID: PMC7144342 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Crohn’s disease (CD) is rising in incidence and has a high morbidity and increased mortality. Current treatment use immunosuppressives but efficacy is suboptimal, and relapse is common. It has been shown that there is an imbalance present in the gut microbiome (dysbiosis) in CD with a possible infective aetiology—Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) being the most proposed. Antibacterial therapy and Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) are emerging treatments which can result in clinical and endoscopic remission, if employed correctly. The objective of this study was to report on the treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with CD in prolonged remission. Results Ten patients were identified to have achieved prolonged remission for 3–23 years (median 8.5 years). Of these, 7/10 took targeted Anti-MAP therapy (AMAT) for a median 36 months and then ceased AMAT treatment. After stopping AMAT five patients underwent Faecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) (average four infusions). In 4/7, AMAT was combined with infliximab (mean of six infusions) that was withdrawn within 6 months after fistulae resolution. One patient achieved deep mucosal healing with AMAT alone. Of the 3/10 patients not prescribed AMAT, one had a combination of anti-inflammatory agents and a single antibiotic (metronidazole) followed by FMT. The other two received only FMT for Clostridioides difficile Infection. Conclusions Prolonged remission has been achieved for 3–23 years with individualised treatments, with the majority using AMAT ± infliximab and FMT. Treatment with antibiotics and/or FMT provides a potential new avenue for treatment of CD. These findings should stimulate thinking, investigations and better therapy against MAP and the dysbiosis of the gut flora, to enable higher rates of prolonged remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Agrawal
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/299 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046 Australia
| | - Annabel Clancy
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/299 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046 Australia
| | - Roy Huynh
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/299 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046 Australia
| | - Thomas Borody
- Centre for Digestive Diseases, 1/299 Great North Road, Five Dock, NSW 2046 Australia
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5
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Savarino E, Bertani L, Ceccarelli L, Bodini G, Zingone F, Buda A, Facchin S, Lorenzon G, Marchi S, Marabotto E, De Bortoli N, Savarino V, Costa F, Blandizzi C. Antimicrobial treatment with the fixed-dose antibiotic combination RHB-104 for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease: pharmacological and clinical implications. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 19:79-88. [PMID: 30574820 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1561852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crohn's disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. However, increasing evidence suggests Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) as a putative causative agent: 1) MAP is the etiological agent of Johne's disease, a granulomatous enteritis affecting ruminants, which shares clinical and pathological features with CD; 2) MAP has been detected in tissues and blood samples from CD patients; 3) case reports have documented a favorable therapeutic response to anti-MAP antibiotics. Area covered: This review provides an appraisal of current information on MAP characteristics, diagnostic methodologies and emerging drug treatments. The authors focus on RHB-104, a novel oral formulation containing a fixed-dose combination of clarithromycin, clofazimine and rifabutin, endowed with synergistic inhibitory activity on MAP strains isolated from CD patients. Expert opinion: Based on encouraging in vitro data, RHB-104 has entered recently the clinical phase of its development, and is being investigated in a randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial aimed at evaluating its efficacy and safety in CD. Provided that the overall clinical development will support the suitability of RHB-104 for inducing disease remission in CD patients with documented MAP infection, this novel antibiotic combination will likely take a relevant position in the therapeutic armamentarium for CD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Savarino
- a Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Lorenzo Bertani
- b Gastrointestinal Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Linda Ceccarelli
- b Gastrointestinal Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Giorgia Bodini
- c Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- a Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Andrea Buda
- a Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Sonia Facchin
- a Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- a Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology , University of Padua , Padua , Italy
| | - Santino Marchi
- b Gastrointestinal Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Elisa Marabotto
- c Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Nicola De Bortoli
- b Gastrointestinal Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Vincenzo Savarino
- c Gastrointestinal Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , University of Genoa , Genoa , Italy
| | - Francesco Costa
- b Gastrointestinal Unit, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
| | - Corrado Blandizzi
- d Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine , University of Pisa , Pisa , Italy
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Rathnaiah G, Zinniel DK, Bannantine JP, Stabel JR, Gröhn YT, Collins MT, Barletta RG. Pathogenesis, Molecular Genetics, and Genomics of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the Etiologic Agent of Johne's Disease. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:187. [PMID: 29164142 PMCID: PMC5681481 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the etiologic agent of Johne's disease in ruminants causing chronic diarrhea, malnutrition, and muscular wasting. Neonates and young animals are infected primarily by the fecal-oral route. MAP attaches to, translocates via the intestinal mucosa, and is phagocytosed by macrophages. The ensuing host cellular immune response leads to granulomatous enteritis characterized by a thick and corrugated intestinal wall. We review various tissue culture systems, ileal loops, and mice, goats, and cattle used to study MAP pathogenesis. MAP can be detected in clinical samples by microscopy, culturing, PCR, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. There are commercial vaccines that reduce clinical disease and shedding, unfortunately, their efficacies are limited and may not engender long-term protective immunity. Moreover, the potential linkage with Crohn's disease and other human diseases makes MAP a concern as a zoonotic pathogen. Potential therapies with anti-mycobacterial agents are also discussed. The completion of the MAP K-10 genome sequence has greatly improved our understanding of MAP pathogenesis. The analysis of this sequence has identified a wide range of gene functions involved in virulence, lipid metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and main metabolic pathways. We also review the transposons utilized to generate random transposon mutant libraries and the recent advances in the post-genomic era. This includes the generation and characterization of allelic exchange mutants, transcriptomic analysis, transposon mutant banks analysis, new efforts to generate comprehensive mutant libraries, and the application of transposon site hybridization mutagenesis and transposon sequencing for global analysis of the MAP genome. Further analysis of candidate vaccine strains development is also provided with critical discussions on their benefits and shortcomings, and strategies to develop a highly efficacious live-attenuated vaccine capable of differentiating infected from vaccinated animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govardhan Rathnaiah
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Denise K. Zinniel
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - John P. Bannantine
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Judith R. Stabel
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Yrjö T. Gröhn
- Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Michael T. Collins
- Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Raúl G. Barletta
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Donnellan S, Stone V, Johnston H, Giardiello M, Owen A, Rannard S, Aljayyoussi G, Swift B, Tran L, Watkins C, Stevenson K. Intracellular delivery of nano-formulated antituberculosis drugs enhances bactericidal activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jin2.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Donnellan
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 0PZ UK
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Liverpool L3 5QA UK
| | - Vicki Stone
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Helinor Johnston
- School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Biophysics and Bioengineering; Heriot-Watt University; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AS UK
| | - Marco Giardiello
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Andrew Owen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Steve Rannard
- Department of Chemistry; University of Liverpool; Crown Street Liverpool L69 3BX UK
| | - Ghaith Aljayyoussi
- Research Centre for Drugs and Diagnostics; Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; Liverpool L3 5QA UK
| | - Benjamin Swift
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science; University of Nottingham; Loughborough LE12 5RD UK
| | - Lang Tran
- Institute of Occupational Medicine; Research Avenue North; Riccarton Edinburgh EH14 4AP UK
| | - Craig Watkins
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 0PZ UK
| | - Karen Stevenson
- Moredun Research Institute; Pentlands Science Park; Bush Loan Penicuik EH26 0PZ UK
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8
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More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Zancanaro G, Beltrán-Beck B, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): paratuberculosis. EFSA J 2017; 15:e04960. [PMID: 32625604 PMCID: PMC7010113 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis has been assessed according to the criteria of the Animal Health Law (AHL), in particular criteria of Article 7 on disease profile and impacts, Article 5 on the eligibility of paratuberculosis to be listed, Article 9 for the categorisation of paratuberculosis according to disease prevention and control rules as in Annex IV and Article 8 on the list of animal species related to paratuberculosis. The assessment has been performed following a methodology composed of information collection and compilation, expert judgement on each criterion at individual and, if no consensus was reached before, also at collective level. The output is composed of the categorical answer, and for the questions where no consensus was reached, the different supporting views are reported. Details on the methodology used for this assessment are explained in a separate opinion. According to the assessment performed, paratuberculosis can be considered eligible to be listed for Union intervention as laid down in Article 5(3) of the AHL. The disease would comply with the criteria in Sections 3, 4 and 5 of Annex IV of the AHL, for the application of the disease prevention and control rules referred to in points (c), (d) and (e) of Article 9(1). The animal species to be listed for paratuberculosis according to Article 8(3) criteria are several species of mammals and birds as susceptible species and some species of the families Bovidae, Cervidae and Leporidae as reservoirs.
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9
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Davis WC, Kuenstner JT, Singh SV. Resolution of Crohn's (Johne's) disease with antibiotics: what are the next steps? Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 11:393-396. [PMID: 28276276 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2017.1300529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- William C Davis
- a Department of Microbiology and Pathology , Washington State University , Pullman , WA , USA
| | - J Todd Kuenstner
- b Clinical Laboratories and Clinical Pathology , Temple University Hospital , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- c Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division , Central Institute for Research on Goats , Mathura , India
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10
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Nasr Esfahani B, Zarkesh Esfahani FS, Bahador N, Moghim S, Radaei T, Rezaei Yazdi H, Ghasemian Safaei H, Fazeli H. Analysis of DNA gyrA Gene Mutation in Clinical and Environmental Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Isolates of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria Using Molecular Methods. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2016; 9:e30018. [PMID: 27217921 PMCID: PMC4870840 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.30018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During the past several years, nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have been reported as some of the most important agents of infection in immunocompromised patients. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the ciprofloxacin susceptibility of clinical and environmental NTM species isolated from Isfahan province, Iran, using the agar dilution method, and to perform an analysis of gyrA gene-related ciprofloxacin resistance. Materials and Methods A total of 41 clinical and environmental isolates of NTM were identified by conventional and multiplex PCR techniques. The isolates were separated out of water, blood, abscess, and bronchial samples. The susceptibility of the isolates to 1 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL and 4 µg/mL of ciprofloxacin concentrations was determined by the agar dilution method according to CLSI guidelines. A 120-bp area of the gyrA gene was amplified, and PCR-SSCP templates were defined using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 120-bp of gyrA amplicons with different PCR-SSCP patterns were sequenced. Results The frequency of the identified isolates was as follows: Mycobacterium fortuitum, 27 cases; M. gordonae, 10 cases; M. smegmatis, one case; M. conceptionense, one case; and M. abscessus, two cases. All isolates except for M. abscessus were sensitive to all three concentrations of ciprofloxacin. The PCR-SSCP pattern of the gyrA gene of resistant M. abscessus isolates showed four different bands. The gyrA sequencing of resistant M. abscessus isolates showed 12 alterations in nucleotides compared to the M. abscessus ATCC 19977 resistant strain; however, the amino acid sequences were similar. Conclusions This study demonstrated the specificity and sensitivity of the PCR-SSCP method for finding mutations in the gyrA gene. Due to the sensitivity of most isolates to ciprofloxacin, this antibiotic should be considered an appropriate drug for the treatment of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Nasr Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadat Zarkesh Esfahani
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Fatemeh Sadat Zarkesh Esfahani, Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133007218, Fax: +98-3133932376, E-mail:
| | - Nima Bahador
- Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, IR Iran
| | - Sharareh Moghim
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Tooba Radaei
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
| | - Hadi Rezaei Yazdi
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, IR Iran
| | | | - Hossein Fazeli
- Department of Microbiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IR Iran
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11
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Timms VJ, Daskalopoulos G, Mitchell HM, Neilan BA. The Association of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148731. [PMID: 26849125 PMCID: PMC4746060 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (M. paratuberculosis) with Crohn’s disease is a controversial issue. M. paratuberculosis is detected by amplifying the IS900 gene, as microbial culture is unreliable from humans. We determined the presence of M. paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (n = 22), ulcerative colitis (UC) (n = 20), aphthous ulcers (n = 21) and controls (n = 42) using PCR assays validated on bovine tissue. Culture from human tissue was also performed. M. paratuberculosis prevalence in the CD and UC groups was compared to the prevalence in age and sex matched non-inflammatory bowel disease controls. Patients and controls were determined to be M. paratuberculosis positive if all three PCR assays were positive. A significant association was found between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn’s disease (p = 0.02) that was not related to age, gender, place of birth, smoking or alcohol intake. No significant association was detected between M. paratuberculosis and UC or aphthous ulcers; however, one M. paratuberculosis isolate was successfully cultured from a patient with UC. We report the resistance of this isolate to ethambutol, rifampin, clofazamine and streptomycin. Interestingly this isolate could not only survive but could grow slowly at 5°C. We demonstrate a significant association between M. paratuberculosis and CD using multiple pre-validated PCR assays and that M. paratuberculosis can be isolated from patients with UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verlaine J. Timms
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Level 3, Biosciences Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - George Daskalopoulos
- Inner West Endoscopy Centre, Endoscopy Services Pty. Ltd., Marrickville, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hazel M. Mitchell
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Level 3, Biosciences Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Level 3, Biosciences Building, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
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12
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Stephen B, Jain M, Dhama K, Singh S, Datta M, Jain N, Jayaraman S, Singh M, Chaubey K, Gupta S, Aseri G, Khare N, Yadav P, Sohal J. Nanotechnology Based Therapeutics, Drug Delivery Mechanisms and Vaccination approaches for Countering Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) Associated Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2015.830.842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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13
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van Ingen J, Kuijper EJ. Drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Future Microbiol 2015; 9:1095-110. [PMID: 25340838 DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria are emerging in many settings. With an increased number of patients needing treatment, the role of drug susceptibility testing is again in the spotlight. This articles covers the history and methodology of drug susceptibility tests for nontuberculous mycobacteria, but focuses on the correlations between in vitro drug susceptibility, pharmacokinetics and in vivo outcomes of treatment. Among slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria, clear correlations have been established for macrolides and amikacin (Mycobacterium avium complex) and for rifampicin (Mycobacterium kansasii). Among rapid-growing mycobacteria, correlations have been established in extrapulmonary disease for aminoglycosides, cefoxitin and co-trimoxazole. In pulmonary disease, correlations are less clear and outcomes of treatment are generally poor, especially for Mycobacterium abscessus. The clinical significance of inducible resistance to macrolides among rapid growers is an important topic. The true role of drug susceptibility testing for nontuberculous mycobacteria still needs to be addressed, preferably within clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakko van Ingen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Greenstein RJ, Su L, Shahidi A, Brown WD, Clifford A, Brown ST. Unanticipated Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex culture inhibition by immune modulators, immune suppressants, a growth enhancer, and vitamins A and D: clinical implications. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 26:37-43. [PMID: 24998461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of novel antibiotics to treat multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis is time-consuming and expensive. Multiple immune modulators, immune suppressants, anti-inflammatories, and growth enhancers, and vitamins A and D, inhibit Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) in culture. We studied the culture inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by these agents. METHODS Biosafety level two M. tuberculosis complex (ATCC 19015 and ATCC 25177) was studied in radiometric Bactec or MGIT culture. Agents evaluated included clofazimine, methotrexate, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine A, rapamycin, tacrolimus, monensin, and vitamins A and D. RESULTS All the agents mentioned above caused dose-dependent inhibition of the M. tuberculosis complex. There was no inhibition by the anti-inflammatory 5-aminosalicylic acid, which causes bacteriostatic inhibition of MAP. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that, at a minimum, studies with virulent M. tuberculosis are indicated with the agents mentioned above, as well as with the thioamide 5-propothiouricil, which has previously been shown to inhibit the M. tuberculosis complex in culture. Our data additionally emphasize the importance of vitamins A and D in treating mycobacterial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Greenstein
- Department of Surgery, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Liya Su
- Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Azra Shahidi
- Department of Pathology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - William D Brown
- Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Anya Clifford
- Laboratory of Molecular Surgical Research, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sheldon T Brown
- Infectious Disease Section, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA; Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, USA
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15
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Thirunavukkarasu S, Plain KM, de Silva K, Begg D, Whittington RJ, Purdie AC. Expression of genes associated with cholesterol and lipid metabolism identified as a novel pathway in the early pathogenesis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis-infection in cattle. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2014; 160:147-57. [PMID: 24930699 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Johne's disease (JD) is a chronic disease affecting ruminants and other species caused by the pathogenic mycobacterium, Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP has developed a multitude of mechanisms to persist within the host, and these in turn are counteracted by the host through various immune pathways. Identifying and characterising the different strategies employed by MAP to alter the host immune system in its favour, and thereby persist intracellularly, could hold the key to developing strategies to fight this disease. In this study we analysed a subset of bovine microarray data derived from early time points after experimental infection with MAP. A specifically developed integrated approach was used to identify and validate host genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis (24DHCR, LDLR, SCD-1), calcium homeostasis and anti-bacterial defence mechanisms, (CD38, GIMAP6) which were downregulated in response to MAP exposure. A trend for upregulation of granulysin gene expression in MAP-exposed cattle in comparison to unexposed cattle was also observed. From these analyses, a model of potential pathogen-host interactions involving these novel pathways was developed which indicates an important role for host lipids in mycobacterial survival and persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamala Thirunavukkarasu
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Karren M Plain
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Kumudika de Silva
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas Begg
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard J Whittington
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia
| | - Auriol C Purdie
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, 425 Werombi Road, Camden 2570, NSW, Australia.
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16
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Sweeney RW, Collins MT, Koets AP, McGuirk SM, Roussel AJ. Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle and other susceptible species. J Vet Intern Med 2012; 26:1239-50. [PMID: 23106497 DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2012.01019.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a widespread and costly disease. This consensus statement will summarize recommendations regarding diagnosis, control, and treatment of Johne's disease in cattle and other species. Each section of recommendations is followed by a statement that subjectively characterizes the strength of the supporting evidence. The role played by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in the pathogenesis has been a matter of controversy for many years. This statement concludes with an assessment of the evidence in favor of MAP as a potential zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Sweeney
- Department of Clinical Studies-New Bolton Center, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA.
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17
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Togami K, Chono S, Morimoto K. Aerosol-based efficient delivery of azithromycin to alveolar macrophages for treatment of respiratory infections. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 18:1361-5. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2012.705296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Resistance mechanisms and drug susceptibility testing of nontuberculous mycobacteria. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:149-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Chiodini RJ, Chamberlin WM, Sarosiek J, McCallum RW. Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a quarter century later. Causation or simple association? Crit Rev Microbiol 2012; 38:52-93. [PMID: 22242906 DOI: 10.3109/1040841x.2011.638273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been more than 25 years since Mycobacterium paratuberculosis was first proposed as an etiologic agent in Crohn's disease based on the isolation of this organism from several patients. Since that time, a great deal of information has been accumulated that clearly establishes an association between M. paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease. However, data are conflicting and difficult to interpret and the field has become divided into committed advocates and confirmed skeptics. This review is an attempt to provide a thorough and objective summary of current knowledge from both basic and clinical research from the views and interpretations of both the antagonists and proponents. The reader is left to draw his or her own conclusions related to the validity of the issues and claims made by the opposing views and data interpretations. Whether M. paratuberculosis is a causative agent in some cases or simply represents an incidental association remains a controversial topic, but current evidence suggests that the notion should not be so readily dismissed. Remaining questions that need to be addressed in defining the role of M. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease and future implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrick J Chiodini
- Divisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, USA.
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20
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Aerosol-Based Efficient Delivery of Clarithromycin, a Macrolide Antimicrobial Agent, to Lung Epithelial Lining Fluid and Alveolar Macrophages for Treatment of Respiratory Infections. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2012; 25:110-5. [DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2011.0894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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21
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Greenstein RJ, Su L, Brown ST. Vitamins A & D inhibit the growth of mycobacteria in radiometric culture. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29631. [PMID: 22235314 PMCID: PMC3250462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of vitamins in the combat of disease is usually conceptualized as acting by modulating the immune response of an infected, eukaryotic host. We hypothesized that some vitamins may directly influence the growth of prokaryotes, particularly mycobacteria. METHODS The effect of four fat-soluble vitamins was studied in radiometric Bactec® culture. The vitamins were A (including a precursor and three metabolites,) D, E and K. We evaluated eight strains of three mycobacterial species (four of M. avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), two of M. avium and two of M. tb. complex). PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Vitamins A and D cause dose-dependent inhibition of all three mycobacterial species studied. Vitamin A is consistently more inhibitory than vitamin D. The vitamin A precursor, β-carotene, is not inhibitory, whereas three vitamin A metabolites cause inhibition. Vitamin K has no effect. Vitamin E causes negligible inhibition in a single strain. SIGNIFICANCE We show that vitamin A, its metabolites Retinyl acetate, Retinoic acid and 13-cis Retinoic acid and vitamin D directly inhibit mycobacterial growth in culture. These data are compatible with the hypothesis that complementing the immune response of multicellular organisms, vitamins A and D may have heretofore unproven, unrecognized, independent and probable synergistic, direct antimycobacterial inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Greenstein
- Department of Surgery, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America.
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22
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Lucke K, Hombach M, Friedel U, Ritter C, Böttger EC. Automated quantitative drug susceptibility testing of non-tuberculous mycobacteria using MGIT 960/EpiCenter TB eXiST. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 67:154-8. [PMID: 21965431 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the predictive value of in vitro drug susceptibility testing (DST) in slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), knowledge on quantitative levels of drug susceptibility should be available. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of the MGIT 960/TB eXiST system for quantitative DST of NTM. METHODS We have assessed quantitative levels of drug susceptibility for clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare and Mycobacterium kansasii by comparing radiometric Bactec 460TB-based DST with non-radiometric DST using MGIT 960/TB eXiST. RESULTS MGIT 960/TB eXiST gives results comparable to those of Bactec 460TB. CONCLUSIONS The MGIT 960/TB eXiST appears suitable for quantitative DST of NTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Lucke
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Zürich, Nationales Zentrum für Mykobakterien, Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Fecteau ME, Fyock TL, McAdams SC, Boston RC, Whitlock RH, Sweeney RW. Evaluation of the in vitro activity of gallium nitrate againstMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis. Am J Vet Res 2011; 72:1243-6. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.9.1243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Greenstein RJ, Cameron W, Brown ST. Considered "negative" for MAP, these results would be very "positive" for tuberculoid leprosy. J Crohns Colitis 2011; 5:373; author reply 374. [PMID: 21683311 DOI: 10.1016/j.crohns.2011.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Dubuisson T, Bogatcheva E, Krishnan MY, Collins MT, Einck L, Nacy CA, Reddy VM. In vitro antimicrobial activities of capuramycin analogues against non-tuberculous mycobacteria. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2590-7. [PMID: 20952419 PMCID: PMC2976629 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine antibacterial activity of capuramycin analogues SQ997, SQ922, SQ641 and RKS2244 against several non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM). METHODS In vitro antibiotic activities, i.e. MIC, MBC, rate of killing and synergistic interaction with other antibiotics, were evaluated. RESULTS SQ641 was the most active compound against all the NTM species studied. The MIC of SQ641 was ≤0.06-4 mg/L for Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC; n = 20), 0.125-2 mg/L for M. avium paratuberculosis (MAP; n = 9), 0.125-2 mg/L for Mycobacterium kansasii (MKN;n = 2), 0.25-1 mg/L for Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB; n = 11), 4 mg/L for Mycobacterium smegmatis (MSMG; n = 1), and 1 and 8 mg/L for Mycobacterium ulcerans (MUL; n = 1), by microdilution and agar dilution methods, respectively. SQ641 was bactericidal against NTM, with an MBC/MIC ratio of 1 to 32, and killed all mycobacteria faster than positive control drugs for each strain. In chequerboard titrations, SQ641 was synergistic with ethambutol against both MAC and MSMG, and was synergistic with streptomycin and rifabutin against MAB. CONCLUSIONS In vitro, SQ641 was the most potent of the capuramycin analogues against all NTM tested, both laboratory and clinical strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tia Dubuisson
- Sequella, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Bogatcheva
- Sequella, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Manju Y. Krishnan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Michael T. Collins
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Leo Einck
- Sequella, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Carol A. Nacy
- Sequella, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Venkata M. Reddy
- Sequella, Inc., 9610 Medical Center Dr., Suite 200, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
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27
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Krishnan MY, Manning EJB, Collins MT. Effects of interactions of antibacterial drugs with each other and with 6-mercaptopurine on in vitro growth of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. J Antimicrob Chemother 2009; 64:1018-23. [PMID: 19759042 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) has been targeted for treatment with clarithromycin and rifamycin derivatives in numerous cases of Crohn's disease (CD). 6-Mercaptopurine and its pro-drug azathioprine are widely used as immunomodulators in the treatment of CD and have recently been shown to have anti-MAP activity in vitro. The objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro effects on MAP of (i) 6-mercaptopurine when combined with each of eight conventional antibacterial agents with in vitro anti-MAP activity and (ii) antibacterial combinations consisting of two drugs (clarithromycin combined with amikacin, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin or ethambutol) and three drugs (clarithromycin, rifabutin and clofazimine). METHODS The drug interaction effects on nine human isolates of MAP were determined by the chequerboard method adapted for the BACTECMGIT960 culture system and by calculation of the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) for drug combinations. RESULTS Synergism (FICI < or = 0.5) was observed between 6-mercaptopurine and azithromycin (seven isolates), clarithromycin, rifampicin, rifabutin (four isolates each) and ethambutol (two isolates). 6-Mercaptopurine was not antagonistic with any of the antibacterial agents tested. Among the combinations of two and three antibacterials tested, the clarithromycin/rifampicin combination was synergistic against four isolates, while all other combinations showed no interaction. CONCLUSIONS This in vitro study suggests that 6-mercaptopurine may be synergistic with macrolides and rifamycin derivatives against MAP. The activity of clarithromycin against MAP seems to be enhanced by rifampicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manju Y Krishnan
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2015 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706-110, USA
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