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Ungerfeld EM, Pitta D. Review: Biological consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis. Animal 2024:101170. [PMID: 38772773 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Decreasing enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants is important for containing global warming to 1.5 °C and avoid the worst consequences of climate change. However, the objective of mitigating enteric CH4 emissions is difficult to reconcile with the forecasted increase in production of ruminant meat and milk, unless CH4 production per animal and per kilogram of animal product are decreased substantially. Chemical compound 3-nitrooxypropanol and bromoform-containing red algae Asparagopsis are currently the most potent inhibitors of rumen methanogenesis, but their average efficacy would have to be increased to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions to contain global warming to 1.5 °C, if the demand for ruminant products increases as predicted. We propose that it may be possible to enhance the efficacy of inhibitors of methanogenesis through understanding the mechanisms that cause variation in their efficacy across studies. We also propose that a more thorough understanding of the effects of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen and postabsorptive metabolism may help improve feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness as co-benefits of the methanogenesis inhibition intervention. For enhancing efficacy, we examine herein how different inhibitors of methanogenesis affect the composition of the rumen microbial community and discuss some mechanisms that may explain dissimilar sensitivities among methanogens to different types of inhibitors. For improving feed efficiency and cost-effectiveness, we discuss the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen fermentation, and how changes in rumen fermentation can in turn affect postabsorptive metabolism and animal performance. The objectives of this review are to identify knowledge gaps of the consequences of inhibiting methanogenesis on rumen microbiology and rumen and postabsorptive metabolism, propose research to address those knowledge gaps and discuss the implications that this research can have for the efficacy and adoption of inhibitors of methanogenesis. Depending on its outcomes, research on the microbiological, biochemical, and metabolic consequences of the inhibition of rumen methanogenesis could help the adoption of feed additives inhibitors of methanogenesis to mitigate enteric CH4 emissions from ruminants to ameliorate climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA, Camino Cajón a Vilcún km 10, 4880000 Vilcún, La Araucanía, Chile.
| | - D Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, 19348 Kenneth Square, PA, United States
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Kirwan SF, Tamassia LFM, Walker ND, Karagiannis A, Kindermann M, Waters SM. Effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane production, rumen fermentation, and performance in young growing beef cattle offered a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad399. [PMID: 38038711 PMCID: PMC11282959 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent requirement internationally to reduce enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants to meet greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets. Dietary supplementation with feed additives is one possible strategy under investigation as an effective solution. The effects of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) at reducing CH4 emissions in beef have been shown mainly in adult cattle consuming backgrounding and high-energy finishing diets. In this study, the effects of dietary supplementation of young growing (≤6 mo) beef cattle with 3-NOP were examined in a 50:50 forage:concentrate diet. A total of 68 Dairy × Beef (Aberdeen Angus and Hereford dairy cross) male calves (≤6 mo of age at the start of experiment, body weight: 147 ± 38 kg) underwent a 3-wk acclimatization period and were then assigned to one of two treatments in a completely randomized block design. Dietary treatments were (1) control, placebo (no 3-NOP), and (2) 3-NOP applied at 150 mg kg-1 DM. Calves were fed a partial mixed ration for 12 wk. Body weight was recorded weekly and feed intake daily using the Calan Broadbent feeding system. Methane and hydrogen emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system. Total weight gained, dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain were not affected by 3-NOP (P > 0.05) supplementation. On average, the inclusion of 3-NOP decreased (P < 0.001) CH4 emissions: g d-1; g kg-1 DMI; by 30.6% and 27.2%, respectively, during the study with a greater reduction occurring over time. Incorporating 3-NOP into beef cattle diets is an efficient solution to decrease CH4 emissions during indoor feeding and when offered 50:50 forage:concentrate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart F Kirwan
- Animal Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland C15 PW93
| | - Luis F M Tamassia
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola D Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Alexios Karagiannis
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Sinéad M Waters
- Animal Bioscience Research Department, Teagasc Grange, Dunsany, County Meath, Ireland C15 PW93
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3
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Maigaard M, Weisbjerg MR, Johansen M, Walker N, Ohlsson C, Lund P. Effects of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol and their combinations on methane emission, feed intake, and milk production in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2024; 107:220-241. [PMID: 37690719 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of individual and combined use of dietary fat, nitrate, and 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on dairy cows' enteric methane (CH4) emission and production performance. Twenty-four primiparous and 24 multiparous Danish Holstein cows (111 ± 44.6 d in milk; mean ± standard deviation) were included in an incomplete 8 × 8 Latin square design with six 21-d periods. Dietary treatments were organized in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement aiming for 2 levels of FAT (30 or 63 g of crude fat/kg of dry matter [DM]; LF or HF, respectively), 2 levels of NITRATE (0 or 10 g of nitrate/kg of DM; UREA or NIT, respectively), and 2 levels of 3-NOP (0 or 80 mg/kg DM; BLANK or NOP, respectively). Treatments were included in ad libitum-fed partial mixed rations in bins that automatically measured feed intake and eating behavior. Additional concentrate was offered as bait in GreenFeed units used for measurement of gas emission. For total DM intake (DMI), a FAT × NITRATE interaction showed that DMI, across parities and levels of 3-NOP, was unaffected by separate fat supplementation, but reduced by nitrate with 4.6% and synergistically decreased (significant 2-way interaction) with 13.0% when fat and nitrate were combined. Additionally, 3-NOP decreased DMI by 13.4% and the combination of 3-NOP with fat and nitrate decreased DMI in an additive way (no significant 3-way interaction). The decreasing effects on DMI were more pronounced in multiparous cows than in primiparous cows. For treatments with largest reductions in DMI, eating behavior was altered toward more frequent, but smaller meals, a slower eating rate and increased attempts to visit unassigned feed bins. Energy-corrected milk (ECM) yield increased by 6.3% with fat supplementation, whereas ECM yield did not differ among diets including nitrate (FAT × NITRATE interaction). Cows supplemented with 3-NOP had 9.0% lower ECM yield than cows fed no 3-NOP. Based on three 2-way interactions including FAT, NITRATE, and 3-NOP, the combined use of the additives resulted in antagonistic effects on CH4 reduction. A 6% to 7% reduction in CH4 yield (CH4/kg of DMI) could be ascribed to the effect of fat, a 12% to 13% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of nitrate and an 18% to 23% reduction could be ascribed to the effect of 3-NOP. Hence, no combinations of additives resulted in CH4 yield-reductions that were greater than what was obtained by separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination. The CH4 yield reduction potential of additives was similar between parities. Increased apparent total-tract digestibility of organic matter (OM) in cows fed combinations including nitrate or 3-NOP was a result of a NITRATE × 3-NOP interaction. Apparent total-tract digestibility of OM was also increased by fat supplementation. These increases reflected observed decreases in DMI. In conclusion, combined use of fat, nitrate, and 3-NOP in all combinations did not result in CH4 reductions that were greater than separate supplementation of the most potent additive within the combination (3-NOP > nitrate > fat). Additionally, separate supplementation of some additives and combined use of all additives reduced DMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Maigaard
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Martin R Weisbjerg
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Marianne Johansen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Nicola Walker
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christer Ohlsson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition & Health, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Lund
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, AU Viborg-Research Centre Foulum, Aarhus University, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Lileikis T, Nainienė R, Bliznikas S, Uchockis V. Dietary Ruminant Enteric Methane Mitigation Strategies: Current Findings, Potential Risks and Applicability. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2586. [PMID: 37627377 PMCID: PMC10451764 DOI: 10.3390/ani13162586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the current state of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of different dietary ruminant enteric methane mitigation strategies and their modes of action together with the issues discussed regarding the potential harms/risks and applicability of such strategies. By investigating these strategies, we can enhance our understanding of the mechanisms by which they influence methane production and identify promising approaches for sustainable mitigation of methane emissions. Out of all nutritional strategies, the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol, red seaweed, tannins, saponins, essential oils, nitrates, and sulfates demonstrates the potential to reduce emissions and receives a lot of attention from the scientific community. The use of certain additives as pure compounds is challenging under certain conditions, such as pasture-based systems, so the potential use of forages with sufficient amounts of plant secondary metabolites is also explored. Additionally, improved forage quality (maturity and nutrient composition) might help to further reduce emissions. Red seaweed, although proven to be very effective in reducing emissions, raises some questions regarding the volatility of the main active compound, bromoform, and challenges regarding the cultivation of the seaweed. Other relatively new methods of mitigation, such as the use of cyanogenic glycosides, are also discussed in this article. Together with nitrates, cyanogenic glycosides pose serious risks to animal health, but research has proven their efficacy and safety when control measures are taken. Furthermore, the risks of nitrate use can be minimized by using probiotics. Some of the discussed strategies, namely monensin or halogenated hydrocarbons (as pure compounds), demonstrate efficacy but are unlikely to be implemented widely because of legal restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Lileikis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Rasa Nainienė
- Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Saulius Bliznikas
- Analytical Laboratory, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
| | - Virginijus Uchockis
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Feedstuffs, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Žebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania;
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Della Rosa M, Duranovich F, Pacheco D, Sandoval E, Khan A, Biswas A, Jonker A. Forage type affects the temporal methane emission profiles in dairy cows fed fresh forages. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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Alemu AW, Gruninger RJ, Zhang XM, O’Hara E, Kindermann M, Beauchemin KA. 3-Nitrooxypropanol supplementation of a forage diet decreased enteric methane emissions from beef cattle without affecting feed intake and apparent total-tract digestibility. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad001. [PMID: 36617172 PMCID: PMC9904186 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplementation of ruminant diets with the methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP; DSM Nutritional Products, Switzerland) is a promising greenhouse gas mitigation strategy. However, most studies have used high grain or mixed forage-concentrate diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing a high-forage diet (90% forage DM basis) with 3-NOP on dry matter (DM) intake, rumen fermentation and microbial community, salivary secretion, enteric gas emissions, and apparent total-tract nutrient digestibility. Eight ruminally cannulated beef heifers (average initial body weight (BW) ± SD, 515 ± 40.5 kg) were randomly allocated to two treatments in a crossover design with 49-d periods. Dietary treatments were: 1) control (no 3-NOP supplementation); and 2) 3-NOP (control + 150 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). After a 16-d diet adaption, DM intake was recorded daily. Rumen contents were collected on days 17 and 28 for volatile fatty acid (VFA) analysis, whereas ruminal pH was continuously monitored from days 20 to 28. Eating and resting saliva production were measured on days 20 and 31, respectively. Diet digestibility was measured on days 38-42 by the total collection of feces, while enteric gas emissions were measured in chambers on days 46-49. Data were analyzed using the mixed procedure of SAS. Dry matter intake and apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients (DM, neutral and acid detergent fiber, starch, and crude protein) were similar between treatments (P ≥ 0.15). No effect was observed on eating and resting saliva production. Relative abundance of the predominant bacterial taxa and rumen methanogen community was not affected by 3-NOP supplementation but rather by rumen digesta phase and sampling hour (P ≤ 0.01). Total VFA concentration was lower (P = 0.004) following 3-NOP supplementation. Furthermore, the reduction in acetate and increase in propionate molar proportions for 3-NOP lowered (P < 0.001) the acetate to propionate ratio by 18.9% as compared with control (4.1). Mean pH was 0.21 units lower (P < 0.001) for control than 3-NOP (6.43). Furthermore, CH4 emission (g/d) and yield (g/kg DMI) were 22.4 and 22.0% smaller (P < 0.001), respectively, for 3-NOP relative to control. Overall, the results indicate that enteric CH4 emissions were decreased by more than 20% with 3-NOP supplementation of a forage diet without affecting DM intake, predominant rumen microbial community, and apparent total-tract nutrients digestibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu W Alemu
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Swift Current Research and Development Centre, Swift Current, Saskatchewan S9H 3X2, Canada
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Xiu Min Zhang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Eóin O’Hara
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | | | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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Almeida AK, Cowley F, McMeniman JP, Karagiannis A, Walker N, Tamassia LFM, McGrath JJ, Hegarty RS. Effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions of feedlot cattle fed with a tempered barley-based diet with canola oil. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad237. [PMID: 37429613 PMCID: PMC10370881 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A dose-response experiment was designed to examine the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on methane (CH4) emissions, rumen function and performance of feedlot cattle fed a tempered barley-based diet with canola oil. Twenty Angus steers of initial body weight (BW) of 356 ± 14.4 kg were allocated in a randomized complete block design. Initial BW was used as the blocking criterion. Cattle were housed in individual indoor pens for 112 d, including the first 21 d of adaptation followed by a 90-d finishing period when five different 3-NOP inclusion rates were compared: 0 mg/kg dry matter (DM; control), 50 mg/kg DM, 75 mg/kg DM, 100 mg/kg DM, and 125 mg/kg DM. Daily CH4 production was measured on day 7 (last day of starter diet), day 14 (last day of the first intermediate diet), and day 21 (last day of the second intermediate diet) of the adaptation period and on days 28, 49, 70, 91, and 112 of the finisher period using open circuit respiration chambers. Rumen digesta samples were collected from each steer on the day prior to chamber measurement postfeeding, and prefeeding on the day after the chamber measurement, for determination of rumen volatile fatty acids (VFA), ammonium-N, protozoa enumeration, pH, and reduction potential. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily and BW weekly. Data were analyzed in a mixed model including period, 3-NOP dose and their interaction as fixed effects, and block as a random effect. Our results demonstrated both a linear and quadratic (decreasing rate of change) effect on CH4 production (g/d) and CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) as 3-NOP dose increased (P < 0.01). The achieved mitigation for CH4 yield in our study ranged from approximately 65.5% up to 87.6% relative to control steers fed a finishing feedlot diet. Our results revealed that 3-NOP dose did not alter rumen fermentation parameters such as ammonium-N, VFA concentration nor VFA molar proportions. Although this experimental design was not focused on the effect of 3-NOP dose on feedlot performance, no negative effects of any 3-NOP dose were detected on animal production parameters. Ultimately, the knowledge on the CH4 suppression pattern of 3-NOP may facilitate sustainable pathways for the feedlot industry to lower its carbon footprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Frances Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Joe P McMeniman
- Feedlot Program, Meat and Livestock Australia Limited (MLA), North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - Alex Karagiannis
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Walker
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Luis F M Tamassia
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Joseph J McGrath
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576 4303, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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Smith PE, Kelly AK, Kenny DA, Waters SM. Enteric methane research and mitigation strategies for pastoral-based beef cattle production systems. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:958340. [PMID: 36619952 PMCID: PMC9817038 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.958340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ruminant livestock play a key role in global society through the conversion of lignocellulolytic plant matter into high-quality sources of protein for human consumption. However, as a consequence of the digestive physiology of ruminant species, methane (CH4), which originates as a byproduct of enteric fermentation, is accountable for 40% of global agriculture's carbon footprint and ~6% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Therefore, meeting the increasing demand for animal protein associated with a growing global population while reducing the GHG intensity of ruminant production will be a challenge for both the livestock industry and the research community. In recent decades, numerous strategies have been identified as having the potential to reduce the methanogenic output of livestock. Dietary supplementation with antimethanogenic compounds, targeting members of the rumen methanogen community and/or suppressing the availability of methanogenesis substrates (mainly H2 and CO2), may have the potential to reduce the methanogenic output of housed livestock. However, reducing the environmental impact of pasture-based beef cattle may be a challenge, but it can be achieved by enhancing the nutritional quality of grazed forage in an effort to improve animal growth rates and ultimately reduce lifetime emissions. In addition, the genetic selection of low-CH4-emitting and/or faster-growing animals will likely benefit all beef cattle production systems by reducing the methanogenic potential of future generations of livestock. Similarly, the development of other mitigation technologies requiring minimal intervention and labor for their application, such as anti-methanogen vaccines, would likely appeal to livestock producers, with high uptake among farmers if proven effective. Therefore, the objective of this review is to give a detailed overview of the CH4 mitigation solutions, both currently available and under development, for temperate pasture-based beef cattle production systems. A description of ruminal methanogenesis and the technologies used to estimate enteric emissions at pastures are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul E. Smith
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland,*Correspondence: Paul E. Smith
| | - Alan K. Kelly
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A. Kenny
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M. Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Dunsany, Ireland
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Kim YH, Kimura A, Sugino T, Sato S. Parturition and postpartum dietary change altered ruminal pH and the predicted functions of rumen bacterial communities but did not alter the bacterial composition in Holstein cows. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:948545. [PMID: 36090180 PMCID: PMC9458962 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.948545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the temporal dynamics of ruminal pH and the composition and predicted functions of the rumen bacterial community in Holstein cows during the periparturient period. Eight multiparous Holstein cows (body weight; 707.4 ± 29.9 kg, parity; 3.6 ± 0.6) were used for continuous reticulo-ruminal pH measurement, among which five were also used for bacterial community analysis. Rumen fluid samples were collected at 3 weeks before and 2 and 6 weeks after parturition, and blood samples were collected 3 weeks before and 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks after parturition. After the parturition, reduction in the 1-h mean reticulo-ruminal pH was associated with a significant (P < 0.05) increase in total volatile fatty acid concentration. However, with the exception of a significant change in an unclassified genus of Prevotellaceae (P < 0.05), we detected no significant changes in the compositions of major bacterial phyla or genera or diversity indices during the periparturient period. On the basis of predicted functional analysis, we identified a total of 53 MetaCyc pathways (45 upregulated), 200 enzyme commissions (184 upregulated), and 714 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes orthologs (667 upregulated) at 6 weeks postpartum that were significantly (P < 0.05) different to those at 3 weeks prepartum. Among the 14 MetaCyc pathways (P < 0.05) in which pyruvate is an end product, PWY-3661 [log2-fold change (FC) = 5.49, false discovery rate (FDR) corrected P < 0.001] was the most highly upregulated pyruvate-producing pathway. In addition, P381-PWY [adenosylcobalamin biosynthesis II (aerobic); FC = 5.48, FDR corrected P < 0.001] was the second most upregulated adenosylcobalamin (Vitamin B12)-producing pathway. In contrast, PWY-2221 (FC = −4.54, FDR corrected P = 0.003), predominantly found in pectinolytic bacteria, was the most downregulated pathway. Our findings indicate that changes in rumen bacterial community structure are not strictly associated with transitions in parturition or diet; however, we did observe changes in reticulo-ruminal pH and the metabolic adaptation of predicted functional pathways. Consequently, predictive analysis of postpartum functional pathways may enable us to gain insights into the underlying functional adaptations of bacterial communities in Holstein cows during the periparturient period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo-Han Kim
- Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- The Research Center for Animal Science, Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigeru Sato
- Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Shigeru Sato
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10
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Arndt C, Hristov AN, Price WJ, McClelland SC, Pelaez AM, Cueva SF, Oh J, Dijkstra J, Bannink A, Bayat AR, Crompton LA, Eugène MA, Enahoro D, Kebreab E, Kreuzer M, McGee M, Martin C, Newbold CJ, Reynolds CK, Schwarm A, Shingfield KJ, Veneman JB, Yáñez-Ruiz DR, Yu Z. Full adoption of the most effective strategies to mitigate methane emissions by ruminants can help meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2111294119. [PMID: 35537050 PMCID: PMC9171756 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111294119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
To meet the 1.5 °C target, methane (CH4) from ruminants must be reduced by 11 to 30% by 2030 and 24 to 47% by 2050 compared to 2010 levels. A meta-analysis identified strategies to decrease product-based (PB; CH4 per unit meat or milk) and absolute (ABS) enteric CH4 emissions while maintaining or increasing animal productivity (AP; weight gain or milk yield). Next, the potential of different adoption rates of one PB or one ABS strategy to contribute to the 1.5 °C target was estimated. The database included findings from 430 peer-reviewed studies, which reported 98 mitigation strategies that can be classified into three categories: animal and feed management, diet formulation, and rumen manipulation. A random-effects meta-analysis weighted by inverse variance was carried out. Three PB strategies—namely, increasing feeding level, decreasing grass maturity, and decreasing dietary forage-to-concentrate ratio—decreased CH4 per unit meat or milk by on average 12% and increased AP by a median of 17%. Five ABS strategies—namely CH4 inhibitors, tanniferous forages, electron sinks, oils and fats, and oilseeds—decreased daily methane by on average 21%. Globally, only 100% adoption of the most effective PB and ABS strategies can meet the 1.5 °C target by 2030 but not 2050, because mitigation effects are offset by projected increases in CH4 due to increasing milk and meat demand. Notably, by 2030 and 2050, low- and middle-income countries may not meet their contribution to the 1.5 °C target for this same reason, whereas high-income countries could meet their contributions due to only a minor projected increase in enteric CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Arndt
- Integrated Sciences Division, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Alexander N. Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - William J. Price
- College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
| | - Shelby C. McClelland
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Amalia M. Pelaez
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sergio F. Cueva
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Joonpyo Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - André Bannink
- Animal Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ali R. Bayat
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Les A. Crompton
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Maguy A. Eugène
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Dolapo Enahoro
- Integrated Sciences Division, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), 00100 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Mark McGee
- Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre (AGRIC), Teagasc, Grange C15 PW93, Ireland
| | - Cécile Martin
- Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup, UMR Herbivores, Université Clermont Auvergne, 63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | | | - Christopher K. Reynolds
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6EU, United Kingdom
| | - Angela Schwarm
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1432 Aas, Norway
| | | | | | - David R. Yáñez-Ruiz
- Estación Experimental del Zaidín (EEZ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 18008 Granada, Spain
| | - Zhongtang Yu
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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11
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Yu G, Beauchemin KA, Dong R. A Review of 3-Nitrooxypropanol for Enteric Methane Mitigation from Ruminant Livestock. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3540. [PMID: 34944313 PMCID: PMC8697901 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) from enteric fermentation accounts for 3 to 5% of global anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Cost-effective strategies are needed to reduce feed energy losses as enteric CH4 while improving ruminant production efficiency. Mitigation strategies need to be environmentally friendly, easily adopted by producers and accepted by consumers. However, few sustainable CH4 mitigation approaches are available. Recent studies show that the chemically synthesized CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol is one of the most effective approaches for enteric CH4 abatement. 3-nitrooxypropanol specifically targets the methyl-coenzyme M reductase and inhibits the final catalytic step in methanogenesis in rumen archaea. Providing 3-nitrooxypropanol to dairy and beef cattle in research studies has consistently decreased enteric CH4 production by 30% on average, with reductions as high as 82% in some cases. Efficacy is positively related to 3-NOP dose and negatively affected by neutral detergent fiber concentration of the diet, with greater responses in dairy compared with beef cattle when compared at the same dose. This review collates the current literature on 3-nitrooxypropanol and examines the overall findings of meta-analyses and individual studies to provide a synthesis of science-based information on the use of 3-nitrooxypropanol for CH4 abatement. The intent is to help guide commercial adoption at the farm level in the future. There is a significant body of peer-reviewed scientific literature to indicate that 3-nitrooxypropanol is effective and safe when incorporated into total mixed rations, but further research is required to fully understand the long-term effects and the interactions with other CH4 mitigating compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghui Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
| | - Karen A. Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada;
| | - Ruilan Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao 266109, China;
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12
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Pinheiro Machado Filho LC, Seó HLS, Daros RR, Enriquez-Hidalgo D, Wendling AV, Pinheiro Machado LC. Voisin Rational Grazing as a Sustainable Alternative for Livestock Production. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:3494. [PMID: 34944271 PMCID: PMC8698051 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Current livestock practices do not meet current real-world social and environmental requirements, pushing farmers away from rural areas and only sustaining high productivity through the overuse of fossil fuels, causing numerous environmental side effects. In this narrative review, we explore how the Voisin Rational Grazing (VRG) system responds to this problem. VRG is an agroecological system based on four principles that maximise pasture growth and ruminant intake, while, at the same time, maintaining system sustainability. It applies a wide range of regenerative agricultural practices, such as the use of multispecies swards combined with agroforestry. Planning allows grazing to take place when pastures reach their optimal resting period, thus promoting vigorous pasture regrowth. Moreover, paddocks are designed in a way that allow animals to have free access to water and shade, improving overall animal welfare. In combination, these practices result in increased soil C uptake and soil health, boost water retention, and protect water quality. VRG may be used to provide ecosystem services that mitigate some of the current global challenges and create opportunities for farmers to apply greener practices and become more resilient. It can be said that VRG practitioners are part of the initiatives that are rethinking modern livestock agriculture. Its main challenges, however, arise from social constraints. More specifically, local incentives and initiatives that encourage farmers to take an interest in the ecological processes involved in livestock farming are still lacking. Little research has been conducted to validate the empirical evidence of VRG benefits on animal performance or to overcome VRG limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz C. Pinheiro Machado Filho
- LETA, Laboratory of Applied Ethology, Department of Zootechny and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil; (H.L.S.S.); (L.C.P.M.)
| | - Hizumi L. S. Seó
- LETA, Laboratory of Applied Ethology, Department of Zootechny and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil; (H.L.S.S.); (L.C.P.M.)
| | - Ruan R. Daros
- Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Life Science, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Daniel Enriquez-Hidalgo
- Bristol Veterinary School, University of Bristol, North Somerset, Langford BS40 5DU, Somerset, UK;
- Sustainable Agriculture Sciences, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, Devon, UK
| | | | - Luiz C. Pinheiro Machado
- LETA, Laboratory of Applied Ethology, Department of Zootechny and Rural Development, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88034-001, Brazil; (H.L.S.S.); (L.C.P.M.)
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13
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Li Z, Lei X, Chen X, Yin Q, Shen J, Yao J. Long-term and combined effects of N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide and fumaric acid on methane production, rumen fermentation, and lactation performance in dairy goats. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:125. [PMID: 34865657 PMCID: PMC8647438 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, nitrooxy compounds have been identified as promising inhibitors of methanogenesis in ruminants. However, when animals receive a nitrooxy compound, a high portion of the spared hydrogen is eructated as gas, which partly offsets the energy savings of CH4 mitigation. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the long-term and combined effects of supplementation with N-[2-(nitrooxy)ethyl]-3-pyridinecarboxamide (NPD), a methanogenesis inhibitor, and fumaric acid (FUM), a hydrogen sink, on enteric CH4 production, rumen fermentation, bacterial populations, apparent nutrient digestibility, and lactation performance of dairy goats. RESULTS Twenty-four primiparous dairy goats were used in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: supplementation without or with FUM (32 g/d) or NPD (0.5 g/d). All samples were collected every 3 weeks during a 12-week feeding experiment. Both FUM and NPD supplementation persistently inhibited CH4 yield (L/kg DMI, by 18.8% and 18.1%, respectively) without negative influence on DMI or apparent nutrient digestibility. When supplemented in combination, no additive CH4 suppression was observed. FUM showed greater responses in increasing the molar proportion of propionate when supplemented with NPD than supplemented alone (by 10.2% vs. 4.4%). The rumen microbiota structure in the animals receiving FUM was different from that of the other animals, particularly changed the structure of phylum Firmicutes. Daily milk production and serum total antioxidant capacity were improved by NPD, but the contents of milk fat and protein were decreased, probably due to the bioactivity of absorbed NPD on body metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Supplementing NPD and FUM in combination is a promising way to persistently inhibit CH4 emissions with a higher rumen propionate proportion. However, the side effects of this nitrooxy compound on animals and its residues in animal products need further evaluation before it can be used as an animal feed additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinjian Lei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qingyan Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Shen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junhu Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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14
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Almeida AK, Hegarty RS, Cowie A. Meta-analysis quantifying the potential of dietary additives and rumen modifiers for methane mitigation in ruminant production systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1219-1230. [PMID: 34754963 PMCID: PMC8556609 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly countries are seeking to reduce emission of greenhouse gases from the agricultural industries, and livestock production in particular, as part of their climate change management. While many reviews update progress in mitigation research, a quantitative assessment of the efficacy and performance-consequences of nutritional strategies to mitigate enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants has been lacking. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 refereed papers from recent animal studies (2000–2020) to report effects on CH4 production, CH4 yield and CH4 emission intensity from 8 dietary interventions. The interventions (oils, microalgae, nitrate, ionophores, protozoal control, phytochemicals, essential oils and 3-nitrooxypropanol). Of these, macroalgae and 3-nitrooxypropanol showed greatest efficacy in reducing CH4 yield (g CH4/kg of dry matter intake) at the doses trialled. The confidence intervals derived for the mitigation efficacies could be applied to estimate the potential to reduce national livestock emissions through the implementation of these dietary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Almeida
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Roger S Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
| | - Annette Cowie
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia.,NSW Department of Primary Industries, Trevenna Rd, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia
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15
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Zhang XM, Smith ML, Gruninger RJ, Kung L, Vyas D, McGinn SM, Kindermann M, Wang M, Tan ZL, Beauchemin KA. Combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and canola oil supplementation on methane emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract digestibility in beef cattle. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab081. [PMID: 33755112 PMCID: PMC8051842 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and canola oil (OIL) supplementation on enteric methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) emissions, rumen fermentation and biohydrogenation, and total tract nutrient digestibility were investigated in beef cattle. Eight beef heifers (mean body weight ± SD, 732 ± 43 kg) with ruminal fistulas were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square with a 2 (with and without 3-NOP) × 2 (with and without OIL) arrangement of treatments and 28-d periods (13 d adaption and 15 d measurements). The four treatments were: control (no 3-NOP, no OIL), 3-NOP (200 mg/kg dry matter [DM]), OIL (50 g/kg DM), and 3-NOP (200 mg/kg DM) plus OIL (50 g/kg DM). Animals were fed restrictively (7.6 kg DM/d) a basal diet of 900 g/kg DM barley silage and 100 g/kg DM supplement. 3-NOP and OIL decreased (P < 0.01) CH4 yield (g/kg DM intake) by 31.6% and 27.4%, respectively, with no 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.85). Feeding 3-NOP plus OIL decreased CH4 yield by 51% compared with control. There was a 3-NOP × OIL interaction (P = 0.02) for H2 yield (g/kg DM intake); the increase in H2 yield (P < 0.01) due to 3-NOP was less when it was combined with OIL. There were 3-NOP × OIL interactions for molar percentages of acetate and propionate (P < 0.01); individually, 3-NOP and OIL decreased acetate and increased propionate percentages with no further effect when supplemented together. 3-NOP slightly increased crude protein (P = 0.02) and starch (P = 0.01) digestibilities, while OIL decreased the digestibilities of DM (P < 0.01) and neutral detergent fiber (P < 0.01) with no interactions (P = 0.15 and 0.10, respectively). 3-NOP and OIL increased (P = 0.04 and P < 0.01, respectively) saturated fatty acid concentration in rumen fluid, with no interaction effect. Interactions for ruminal trans-monounsaturated fatty acids (t-MUFA) concentration and percentage were observed (P = 0.02 and P < 0.01); 3-NOP had no effect on t-MUFA concentration and percentage, while OIL increased the concentration (P < 0.01) and percentage (P < 0.01) of t-MUFA but to a lesser extent when combined with 3-NOP. In conclusion, the CH4-mitigating effects of 3-NOP and OIL were independent and incremental. Supplementing ruminant diets with a combination of 3-NOP and OIL may help mitigate CH4 emissions, but the decrease in total tract digestibility due to OIL may decrease animal performance and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Min Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Megan L Smith
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Robert J Gruninger
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Limin Kung
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Diwakar Vyas
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Sean M McGinn
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | | | - Min Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Zhi Liang Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
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16
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Schilde M, von Soosten D, Hüther L, Meyer U, Zeyner A, Dänicke S. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Arch Anim Nutr 2021; 75:79-104. [PMID: 33641544 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2021.1877986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The climate-relevant enteric methane (CH4) formation represents a loss of feed energy that is potentially meaningful for energetically undersupplied peripartal dairy cows. Higher concentrate feed proportions (CFP) are known to reduce CH4 emissions in cows. The same applies to the feed additive 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), albeit through different mechanisms. It was hypothesised that the hydrogen not utilised for CH4 formation through the inhibition by 3-NOP would be sequestered by propionate formation triggered by higher CFP so that it could thereby give rise to a synergistically reduced CH4 emission. In a 2 × 2-factorial design, low (LC) or high (HC) CFP were either tested without supplements (CONLC, CONHC) or combined with 3-NOP (NOPLC, 48.4 mg/kg dry matter (DM); NOPHC, 51.2 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). These four rations were fed to a total of 55 Holstein cows from d 28 ante partum until d 120 post partum. DM intake (DMI) was not affected by 3-NOP but increased with CFP (CFP; p < 0.001). CH4/DMI and CH4/energy-corrected milk (ECM) were mitigated by 3-NOP (23% NOPLC, 33% NOPHC) (p < 0.001) and high CFP (12% CON, 22% 3-NOP groups) (CFP × TIME p < 0.001). Under the conditions of the present experiment, the CH4 emissions of NOPLC increased to the level of the CON groups from week 8 until the end of trial (3-NOP × CFP × TIME; p < 0.01). CO2 yield decreased by 3-NOP and high CFP (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). The reduced body weight loss and feed efficiency in HC groups paralleled a more positive energy balance being most obvious in NOPHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). ECM was lower for NOPHC compared to CONHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.05), whereas LC groups did not differ. A decreased fat to protein ratio was observed in HC groups and, until week 6 post partum, in NOPLC. Milk lactose and urea increased by 3-NOP (3-NOP; p < 0.05). 3-NOP and high CFP changed rumen fermentation to a more propionic-metabolic profile (3-NOP; CFP; p < 0.01) but did not affect rumen pH. In conclusion, CH4 emission was synergistically reduced when high CFP was combined with 3-NOP while the CH4 mitigating 3-NOP effect decreased with progressing time when the supplement was added to the high-forage ration. The nature of these interactions needs to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schilde
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Brunswick, Germany
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17
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Alemu AW, Pekrul LKD, Shreck AL, Booker CW, McGinn SM, Kindermann M, Beauchemin KA. 3-Nitrooxypropanol Decreased Enteric Methane Production From Growing Beef Cattle in a Commercial Feedlot: Implications for Sustainable Beef Cattle Production. FRONTIERS IN ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fanim.2021.641590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Effects of the investigational methane (CH4) inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) on animal performance, health and enteric CH4 production of beef cattle were evaluated in a commercial feedlot. Two concurrent studies were conducted: a large pen study (4,048 cattle, eight pen replicates per experimental group) to measure animal performance and health and a small pen study (a subset of 50 cattle from the large pen study, n = 25 per experimental group) to measure enteric CH4 emissions. Within the study, animals (body weight ± SD, 282 ± 8 kg) were assigned in a completely randomized design to one of two groups: control, fed a backgrounding diet (70% corn or barley silage, 30% steam-flaked barley grain concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis) and 3-NOP, fed the backgrounding diet containing 3-NOP. The treatment group in the large pen study was adapted to 3-NOP (12 ± 3 d) before receiving the final target level of 200 mg/kg of DM, which was fed for 108 ± 8 d. Animals in the small pen CH4 emissions study received a basal diet or a basal diet with 3-NOP, with the dose increased every 28 d: low (150 mg/kg DM; 1.27 g/d), medium (175 mg/kg DM; 2.25 g/d), and high (200 mg/kg DM; 2.75 g/d). Intake in the small pens was monitored by electronic feeding bunks and CH4 was measured using the GreenFeed system. In the large pen study, total weight gained, average daily gain, and animal health variables were not affected by 3-NOP, but DM intake (DMI) tended to decrease (P = 0.06) by 2.6% relative to control (8.07 kg/d), while gain:feed ratio tended to be improved (P = 0.06) by 2.5% relative to control (0.161 kg weight gain/kg DMI). In the small pen study, average daily consumption of 3-NOP increased with inclusion rate whereas average DMI was decreased by 5.4% (P = 0.02) compared with control (10.4 kg/d). On average, addition of 3-NOP decreased (P = 0.001) CH4 emissions (g/d) by 25.7% and yield (g CH4/kg DMI) by 21.7%. In conclusion, supplementing a backgrounding diet with 3-NOP decreased CH4 yield and tended to improve feed efficiency of beef cattle fed in a commercial feedlot with no negative impacts on animal health.
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18
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Alemu AW, Shreck AL, Booker CW, McGinn SM, Pekrul LKD, Kindermann M, Beauchemin KA. Use of 3-nitrooxypropanol in a commercial feedlot to decrease enteric methane emissions from cattle fed a corn-based finishing diet. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skaa394. [PMID: 33515476 PMCID: PMC8355502 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated enteric CH4 production, dry matter (DM) intake (DMI), and rumen fermentation in feedlot cattle supplemented with increasing concentrations of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). A total of 100 crossbred steers (body weight, 421 ± 11 kg) was randomly assigned to one of four treatments (n = 25/treatment): control (no 3-NOP) or low (100 mg/kg DM), medium (125 mg/kg DM), and high (150 mg/kg DM) doses of 3-NOP. The study was comprised of 28 d of adaptation followed by three 28-d periods, with CH4 measured for 7 d per period and cattle remaining on their respective diets throughout the 112-d study. Each treatment group was assigned to a pen, with the cattle and diets rotated among pens weekly to allow the animals to access the GreenFeed emission monitoring (GEM) system stationed in one of the pens for CH4 measurement. Measured concentration (mg/kg DM) of 3-NOP in the total diet consumed (basal diet + GEM pellet) was 85.6 for low, 107.6 for medium, and 124.5 for high doses of 3-NOP. There was a treatment × period interaction (P < 0.001) for DMI; compared with control, the DMI was less for the low and high doses in period 1, with no differences thereafter. Compared with control (10.78 g/kg DMI), CH4 yield (g/kg DMI) was decreased (P < 0.001) by 52%, 76%, and 63% for low, medium, and high doses of 3-NOP, respectively. A treatment × period effect (P = 0.048) for CH4 yield indicated that the low dose decreased in efficacy from 59% decrease in periods 1 and 2 to 37% decrease in period 3, while the efficacy of the medium and high doses remained consistent over time. Irrespective of dose, hydrogen emissions increased by 4.9-fold (P < 0.001), and acetate:propionate ratio in rumen fluid decreased (P = 0.045) with 3-NOP supplementation, confirming that other hydrogen-utilizing pathways become more important in the CH4-inhibited rumen. The study indicates that supplementation of corn-based finishing diets with 3-NOP using a medium dose is an effective CH4 mitigation strategy for commercial beef feedlots with a 76% decrease in CH4 yield. Further research is needed to determine the effects of 3-NOP dose on weight gain, feed conversion efficiency, and carcass characteristics of feedlot cattle at a commercial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu W Alemu
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Adam L Shreck
- Feedlot Health Management Services, Okotoks, AB, Canada
| | | | - Sean M McGinn
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | | | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
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19
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Honan M, Feng X, Tricarico J, Kebreab E. Feed additives as a strategic approach to reduce enteric methane production in cattle: modes of action, effectiveness and safety. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1071/an20295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Effects of trace mineral supply from rumen boluses on performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal bacterial profile in beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Melgar A, Lage CFA, Nedelkov K, Räisänen SE, Stefenoni H, Fetter ME, Chen X, Oh J, Duval S, Kindermann M, Walker ND, Hristov AN. Enteric methane emission, milk production, and composition of dairy cows fed 3-nitrooxypropanol. J Dairy Sci 2020; 104:357-366. [PMID: 33131815 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), an investigational substance, on enteric methane emission, milk production, and composition in Holstein dairy cows. Following a 3-wk covariate period, 48 multi- and primiparous cows averaging (± standard deviation) 118 ± 28 d in milk, 43.4 ± 8 kg/d milk yield, and 594 ± 57 kg of body weight were blocked based on days in milk, milk yield, and enteric methane emission and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: (1) control, no 3-NOP, and (2) 3-NOP applied at 60 mg/kg feed dry matter. Inclusion of 3-NOP was through the total mixed ration and fed for 15 consecutive weeks. Cows were housed in a freestall barn equipped with a Calan Broadbent Feeding System (American Calan Inc., Northwood, NH) for monitoring individual dry matter intake and fed ad libitum once daily. Enteric gaseous emissions (methane, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen) were measured using 3 GreenFeed (C-Lock Inc., Rapid City, SD) units. Dry matter intake, cow body weight, and body weight change were not affected by 3-NOP. Compared with the control group, 3-NOP applied at 60 mg/kg feed dry matter decreased daily methane emission, emission yield, and emission intensity by 26, 27, and 29%, respectively. Enteric emission of carbon dioxide was not affected, and hydrogen emission was increased 6-fold by 3-NOP. Administration of 3-NOP had no effect on milk and energy-corrected milk yields and feed efficiency, increased milk fat and milk urea nitrogen concentrations, and increased milk fat yield but had no other effects on milk components. Concentration of C6:0 and C8:0 and the sum of saturated fatty acids in milk fat were increased by 3-NOP. Total trans fatty acids and the sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids were decreased by 3-NOP. In this experiment, 3-NOP decreased enteric methane daily emission, yield, and intensity without affecting dry matter intake and milk yield, but increased milk fat in high-producing dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - C F A Lage
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil 31270-901
| | - K Nedelkov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - H Stefenoni
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M E Fetter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - X Chen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; School of Computing, University of Ulster, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - J Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - S Duval
- Research Centre for Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Saint Louis Cedex 68305, France
| | - M Kindermann
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - N D Walker
- Department of Animal Nutrition, DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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22
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Melgar A, Nedelkov K, Martins CMMR, Welter KC, Chen X, Räisänen SE, Harper MT, Oh J, Duval S, Hristov AN. Short communication: Short-term effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol on feed dry matter intake in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:11496-11502. [PMID: 33041021 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), an enteric methane inhibitor under investigation, on short-term dry matter intake (DMI) in lactating dairy cows. Following a 1-wk adaptation period, 12 multiparous Holstein cows were fed a basal total mixed ration (TMR) containing increasing levels of 3-NOP during 5 consecutive, 6-d periods. The experiment was conducted in a tiestall barn. Feed bins were split in half by a solid divider, and cows simultaneously received the basal TMR supplemented with the following: (1) a placebo without 3-NOP or (2) 3-NOP included in the TMR at 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg/kg of feed dry matter (experimental periods 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Cows received the control diet (basal TMR plus placebo premix) during experimental period 1. A premix containing ground corn grain, soybean oil, and dry molasses was used to incorporate 3-NOP in the ration. Cows were fed twice daily as follows: 60% of the daily feed allowance at 0800 h and 40% at 1800 h. Feed offered and refused was recorded at each feeding. During the morning feedings, each cow was offered either control or 3-NOP-treated TMR at 150% of her average intake during the previous 3 d. After collection of the evening refusals, cows received only the basal TMR without the premix until the next morning feeding. The test period for the short-term DMI data collection was defined from morning feeding to afternoon refusals collection during each day of each experimental period. Location (left or right) of the control and 3-NOP diets within a feed bin was switched every day during each period to avoid feed location bias. Dry matter intake of TMR during the test period was quadratically increased by 3-NOP compared with the control. Inclusion of 3-NOP at 120 mg/kg of feed dry matter resulted in decreased 10-h DMI compared with the lower 3-NOP doses, but was similar to the control. There was no effect of feed location (left or right) within feed bin on DMI. Data from this short-term study suggests that 3-NOP does not have a negative effect on DMI in lactating dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Melgar
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - K Nedelkov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora 6000, Bulgaria
| | - C M M R Martins
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K C Welter
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Department of Animal Science, School of Food Engineering and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga 13635-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - X Chen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; School of Computing, University of Ulster, Co. Antrim, Northern Ireland, BT37 0QB, United Kingdom
| | - S E Räisänen
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - M T Harper
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
| | - J Oh
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802; Cargill Animal Nutrition, Seongnam, South Korea 13630
| | - S Duval
- Research Centre for Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Saint Louis Cedex 68305, France
| | - A N Hristov
- Department of Animal Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802.
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23
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Feng X, Kebreab E. Net reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from feed additive use in California dairy cattle. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234289. [PMID: 32946456 PMCID: PMC7500595 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The livestock industry is one of the main contributors to greenhouse gas emissions and there is an increasing demand for the industry to reduce its carbon footprint. Several studies have shown that feed additives 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate to be effective in reducing enteric methane emissions. The objective of this study was to estimate the net mitigating effect of using 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate on total greenhouse gas emissions in California dairy industry. A life cycle assessment approach was used to conduct a cradle-to-farm gate environmental impact analysis based on dairy production system in California. Emissions associated with crop production, feed additive production, enteric methane, farm management, and manure storage were calculated and expressed as kg CO2 equivalents (CO2e) per kg of energy corrected milk. The total greenhouse gas emissions from baseline, 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate offered during lactation were 1.12, 0.993, and 1.08 kg CO2e/kg energy corrected milk, respectively. The average net reduction rates for 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate were 11.7% and 3.95%, respectively. In both cases, using the feed additives on the whole herd slightly improved overall carbon footprint reduction compared to limiting its use during lactation phase. Although both 3-nitroxypropanol and nitrate had effects on decreasing the total greenhouse gas emission, the former was much more effective with no known safety issues in reducing the carbon footprint of dairy production in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Feng
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
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24
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van Gastelen S, Dijkstra J, Binnendijk G, Duval SM, Heck JML, Kindermann M, Zandstra T, Bannink A. 3-Nitrooxypropanol decreases methane emissions and increases hydrogen emissions of early lactation dairy cows, with associated changes in nutrient digestibility and energy metabolism. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:8074-8093. [PMID: 32600756 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the methane (CH4) mitigation potential of 3-nitrooxypropanol and the persistency of its effect when fed to dairy cows in early lactation. Sixteen Holstein-Friesian cows (all multiparous; 11 cows in their second parity and 5 cows in their third parity) were blocked in pairs, based on actual calving date, parity, and previous lactation milk yield, and randomly allocated to 1 of 2 dietary treatments: a diet including 51 mg of 3-nitrooxypropanol/kg of dry matter (3-NOP) and a diet including a placebo at the same concentration (CON). Cows were fed a 35% grass silage, 25% corn silage, and 40% concentrate (on dry matter basis) diet from 3 d after calving up to 115 d in milk (DIM). Every 4 weeks, the cows were housed in climate respiration chambers for 5 d to measure lactation performance, feed and nutrient intake, apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients, energy and N metabolism, and gaseous exchange (4 chamber visits per cow in total, representing 27, 55, 83, and 111 DIM). Feeding 3-NOP did not affect dry matter intake (DMI), milk yield, milk component yield, or feed efficiency. These variables were affected by stage of lactation, following the expected pattern of advanced lactation. Feeding 3-NOP did not affect CH4 production (g/d) at 27 and 83 DIM, but decreased CH4 production at 55 and 111 DIM by an average of 18.5%. This response in CH4 production is most likely due to the differences observed in feed intake across the different stages of lactation because CH4 yield (g/kg of DMI) was lower (on average 16%) at each stage of lactation upon feeding 3-NOP. On average, feeding 3-NOP increased H2 production and intensity 12-fold; with the control diet, H2 yield did not differ between the different stages of lactation, whereas with the 3-NOP treatment H2 yield decreased from 0.429 g/kg of DMI at 27 DIM to 0.387 g/kg of DMI at 111 DIM. The apparent total-tract digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, and gross energy was greater for the 3-NOP treatment. In comparison to the control treatment, 3-NOP did not affect energy and N balance, except for a greater metabolizable energy intake to gross energy intake ratio (65.4 and 63.7%, respectively) and a greater body weight gain (average 0.90 and 0.01% body weight change, respectively). In conclusion, feeding 3-NOP is an effective strategy to decrease CH4 emissions (while increasing H2 emission) in early lactation Holstein-Friesian cows with positive effects on apparent total-tract digestibility of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne van Gastelen
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jan Dijkstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gisabeth Binnendijk
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Stéphane M Duval
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, PO Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jeroen M L Heck
- Friesland Campina, PO Box 1551, 3800 BN, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Maik Kindermann
- DSM Nutritional Products, Animal Nutrition and Health, PO Box 2676, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tamme Zandstra
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - André Bannink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 338, 6700 AH, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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25
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Arango J, Ruden A, Martinez-Baron D, Loboguerrero AM, Berndt A, Chacón M, Torres CF, Oyhantcabal W, Gomez CA, Ricci P, Ku-Vera J, Burkart S, Moorby JM, Chirinda N. Ambition Meets Reality: Achieving GHG Emission Reduction Targets in the Livestock Sector of Latin America. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
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26
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Kim H, Lee HG, Baek YC, Lee S, Seo J. The effects of dietary supplementation with 3-nitrooxypropanol on enteric methane emissions, rumen fermentation, and production performance in ruminants: a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:31-42. [PMID: 32082596 PMCID: PMC7008120 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol (NOP)
on gas production, rumen fermentation, and animal performances depending on
animal type using a meta-analysis approach. A database consisted of data from 14
studies, 18 experiments and 55 treatments. The supplementation of NOP linearly
decreased methane (CH4) emissions [g/kg dry matter intake (DMI)]
regardless of animal type and length of experimental period (beef,
p < 0.0001, R2 = 0.797;
dairy, p = 0.0003, R2 = 0.916; and
long term, p < 0.0001, R2 =
0.910). The total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration and the proportion of
acetate, based on beef cattle database, were significantly decreased with
increasing NOP supplementation (p = 0.0015,
R2 = 0.804 and p = 0.0003,
R2 = 0.918), whereas other individual VFAs was
increased. Based on the dairy database, increasing levels of NOP supplementation
linearly decreased proportion of acetate (p = 0.0284,
R2 = 0.769) and increased that of valerate
(p = 0.0340, R2 = 0.522),
regardless of significant change on other individual VFAs. In animal
performances, the DMI, from beef cattle database, tended to decrease when the
levels of NOP supplementation increased (p = 0.0574,
R2 = 0.170), whereas there was no significant
change on DMI from dairy cattle database. The NOP supplementation tended to
decrease milk yield (p = 0.0606, R2
= 0.381) and increase milk fat and milk protein (p = 0.0861,
R2 = 0.321, p = 0.0838,
R2 = 0.322). NOP is a viable candidate as a feed
additive because of its CH4 mitigation effects, regardless of animal
type and experiment period, without adverse effects on animal performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbeen Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Hyo Gun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
| | - Youl-Chang Baek
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Seyoung Lee
- Division of Animal Husbandry, Yonam College, Cheonan 31005, Korea
| | - Jakyeom Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
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27
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Short-Term Eating Preference of Beef Cattle Fed High Forage or High Grain Diets Supplemented with 3-Nitrooxypropanol. Animals (Basel) 2019; 10:ani10010064. [PMID: 31905870 PMCID: PMC7022918 DOI: 10.3390/ani10010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to examine eating preference of beef cattle for diets with or without the investigative enteric methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP). Nine beef steers were housed in individual stalls, each equipped with two feed bunks. The first experiment (Exp. 1) was conducted with a high forage diet and each animal received a diet without 3-NOP (CON) in one bunk and a diet with 3-NOP (dNOP) in the other bunk. The second study (Exp. 2) was conducted with the same animals about 6 months after Exp. 1 where a high grain diet without (CON) or with 3-NOP (dNOP) was offered. In Exp. 1, animals initially preferred CON compared with dNOP. Feed consumption from 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 h after feeding was lower for dNOP compared with CON. However, dry matter intake (DMI) and feed consumption of dNOP gradually increased during Exp. 1 such that there was no preference between CON and dNOP on day 7. In Exp. 2, there was no preference for or against dNOP. Average DMI was greater for dNOP vs. CON, but interactions between diet and day for DMI and feed consumption rates indicated that daily preference between CON and dNOP was variable. In conclusion, beef steers initially detected a difference between CON and dNOP and selected in favor of CON rather than dNOP when they had not previously been exposed to 3-NOP. However, the animals rapidly acclimatized to a diet with 3-NOP (Exp. 1) and showed no eating preference between CON and dNOP within 7 days. This lack of preference was maintained throughout Exp. 2 when the same animals were fed a high grain diet.
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