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Ouyang J, Zhang C, Deng C, Wen A, Zhou H, You J, Li G. Dietary vitamin B6 supplementation alleviates heat stress-induced intestinal barrier impairment by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in broilers. Poult Sci 2024; 103:104202. [PMID: 39222554 PMCID: PMC11402297 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.104202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) brings great challenges to the poultry industry. Vitamin B6 (VB6) is an essential micro-nutrient for animals to maintain normal physiological functions and possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to explore the effect of VB6 on alleviating HS-induced intestinal barrier impairment in broilers. A total of 250 broilers (609.76 ± 0.34 g) were randomly allocated to 5 groups with 5 replicate cages of 10 birds each. The broilers in thermoneutral (TN) group were raised in thermoneutral conditions (23 ± 1°C) and fed with a basal diet. The birds in other four groups were housed under cycle high temperature (34 ± 1°C for 8 h/d) from d 21 to 35 and fed with the basal diet (HS group) or basal diet supplemented with 6, 12, or 24 mg/kg VB6 (HB-6, HB-12, HB-24 groups). The results showed that HS reduced the growth performance, increased ileum inflammatory cytokines levels, and impaired the gut barrier function (P < 0.05). Compared to the HS group, final body weight, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake, and the feed conversion ratio were improved by VB6 supplementation. The diamine oxidase, interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-18, IL-10, and interferon-γ levels were reduced by VB6 supplementation (P < 0.05). Moreover, VB6 supplementation linearly or quadratically enhanced villus height and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio of duodenum and jejunum, and decreased crypt depth of duodenum and ileum. The mRNA expression of Occlaudin, ZO1, Mucin2, Mucin4, E-cadhein, and β-catenin were increased by VB6 treatment (P < 0.05). Furthermore, dietary VB6 altered the diversity and community of gut microbiota (P < 0.05). A total of 83 differential metabolites associated with the amelioration of VB6 were identified, which were primarily enriched in glycerophospholipid metabolism, caffeine metabolism, and glutathione metabolism pathway. Collectively, VB6 may improve the growth performance and intestinal barrier function of heat-stressed broilers by regulating the ileal microbiota and metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxin Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Chenxi Deng
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Biotech Vocational College, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Ai Wen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Guanhong Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Zhang Y, Diao Y, Raza SHA, Huang J, Wang H, Tu W, Zhang J, Zhou J, Tan Y. Flavor characterization of pork cuts in Chalu black pigs using multi-omics analysis. Meat Sci 2024; 219:109668. [PMID: 39321667 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
The study investigated the flavor variations in four different fresh pork cuts (longissimus thoracis, LT; trapezius muscle, TM; hamstring muscle, HM; Pork Belly, PB) from Chalu black pigs (ten castrated boars) using multi-omics techniques. The research also explored the influence of muscle fiber type on the flavor profiles of these cuts. Results from quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) indicated significant differences in muscle fiber type across the four pork cuts in various anatomical locations. Each cut exhibited distinctive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles, with HM displaying a sweet and fruity green flavor, LT showcasing a fatty and nutty taste, PB presenting a fresh, citrusy, and green flavor, and TM offering a floral and bitter note. Variations in fatty acid carbon number and saturation were observed among the cuts, with HM, LT, and PB being rich in fatty acids with C16-18, C19-21, and 3 double bonds, respectively. The metabolites specific to each cut were found to play key roles in different metabolic pathways, such as protein-related pathways for HM, arginine biosynthesis for LT, lysine biosynthesis for PB, and D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism for TM. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with amino acid metabolism for HM, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis for LT, and cellular aromatic compound organization for PB. Notably, HM and PB displayed unique flavor characteristics, while TM exhibited relatively neutral features. The study also identified correlations among VOCs, muscle fiber type, lipids, metabolites, and gene patterns specific to each cut, highlighting the complex interplay of factors influencing pork flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China.
| | - Yuduan Diao
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ji Huang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Hongyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Weilong Tu
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jiajie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jieke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Yongsong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Science, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Breeding Pig, Shanghai 201106, China.
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Huang L, Sun J, Guo Q, Jiang Y, Hao B, Chang G. Effect of Early Ciprofloxacin Administration on Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Food Safety, and Metabolomic Profiles in Xueshan Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2395. [PMID: 39199929 PMCID: PMC11350917 DOI: 10.3390/ani14162395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of early administration of ciprofloxacin (CIP) on Xueshan chickens, in this study Xueshan chickens were measured for growth performance, tested for drug residues, evaluated for meat quality, and muscle metabolism changes were explored using a non-target metabolomics approach. Experimental findings revealed that early CIP use did not significantly impact the overall growth rate of Xueshan chickens (p > 0.05). However, notable alterations in meat quality were observed: the CIP-treated group exhibited a significant decrease in muscle pH (pH1 and pH24) and a marked increase in drip loss and moisture content (p > 0.05). No CIP residues were detected in muscle tissue. Untargeted metabolomics analyses unveiled significant alterations in the metabolic profile of market-age chickens following CIP treatment. Both functional enrichment and metabolic network analyses indicated significant effects on the ko01120 (microbial metabolism in diverse environments) and ko00350 (tyrosine metabolism) pathways, implying that CIP treatment may influence chicken meat quality by modulating microbial communities and amino acid metabolism. This study provides a crucial foundation for understanding the impact of antibiotics on meat quality and metabolism in poultry production, offering scientific insights for optimizing antibiotic-use strategies and safeguarding poultry product quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.H.); (J.S.); (Q.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Jialuo Sun
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.H.); (J.S.); (Q.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Qixin Guo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.H.); (J.S.); (Q.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.H.); (J.S.); (Q.G.); (Y.J.)
| | - Bai Hao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.H.); (J.S.); (Q.G.); (Y.J.)
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Zhang C, Lu W, Liu H, Shen L, Zhu M, Zhou T, Zhang L, Xiao D, Chen L. Rumen Microbiota Transplantation Alleviates Gossypol Diet-Induced Reproductive, Liver, and Intestinal Damage in Male Mice. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2206. [PMID: 39123732 PMCID: PMC11311098 DOI: 10.3390/ani14152206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminants exhibit stronger tolerance to gossypol, an anti-nutritional factor, compared to monogastric animals. We transplanted Hu sheep rumen microbiota into male mice to investigate the role of rumen microbiota in animal gossypol tolerance. Thirty specific-pathogen-free (SPF) male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: normal diet (CK group), gossypol diet (FG group), and rumen microbiota transplantation (FMT group, gossypol diet). The pathological changes in the liver and small intestine of the mice, the organ coefficient, and sperm parameters were analyzed. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in the blood and lactate dihydrogen-X (LDH-X) levels in the testicular tissue were also measured. The results showed that body weight, feed intake, sperm concentration, sperm motility, and LDH-X levels in the FMT group increased (p < 0.05) compared with the FG group, while the enzyme activities of ALT, AST, and AST/ALT decreased (p < 0.05). In the FMT group, the injury to liver cells was alleviated, the structure of the small intestine was intact, and the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (V/C) were higher than those in the FG group (p < 0.05). And there were no differences in various organ coefficients and sperm deformity rates among the three groups (p > 0.05), but compared with the FG group, mice in the FMT group showed tendencies closer to those in the CK group. Rumen microbiota transplantation relieved the reproductive toxicity and liver damage induced by gossypol in male mice and improved the tolerance of recipient animals to gossypol. Additionally, rumen microbes improved the intestinal structural integrity of recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenguang Lu
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Huiru Liu
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lingwei Shen
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengfan Zhu
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tangtang Zhou
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lijuan Chen
- The Biological Feedstuff Labaratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Mainardi E, Corino C, Rossi R. The Effect of Vitamins on the Immune Systems of Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2126. [PMID: 39061588 PMCID: PMC11273632 DOI: 10.3390/ani14142126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern pig farming, there are many environmental, physiological or social stresses that weaken the immune response and increase susceptibility to disease. Nutritional management has a significant impact on the efficiency of the immune system in pigs. Among the various nutrients, vitamins have been shown to have specific effects on immune system activity. However, the needs of modern genetic types are not met by the dietary recommendations for vitamins in pig diets. The present study therefore summarises the data on dietary integration with supranutritional doses of vitamins in gestating and lactating sows and post-weaning piglets in terms of the immune response. The present data highlight that high doses of dietary vitamins are an effective way to improve the immune system, antioxidant status and gut health. Further studies are needed to deepen the understanding of the role of dietary supplementation with vitamins in pigs on immune system and gut functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raffaella Rossi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (E.M.); (C.C.)
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Smołucha G, Steg A, Oczkowicz M. The Role of Vitamins in Mitigating the Effects of Various Stress Factors in Pigs Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38672365 PMCID: PMC11047633 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (A.S.); (M.O.)
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Cheng M, Shi Y, Cheng Y, Hu H, Liu S, Xu Y, He L, Hu S, Lu Y, Chen F, Li J, Si H. Mulberry leaf polysaccharide improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora, enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1382639. [PMID: 38577686 PMCID: PMC10991686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1382639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharides are generally considered to have immune enhancing functions, and mulberry leaf polysaccharide is the main active substance in mulberry leaves, while there are few studies on whether mulberry leaf polysaccharide (MLP) has an effect on immunosuppression and intestinal damage caused by cyclophosphamide (CTX), we investigated whether MLP has an ameliorative effect on intestinal damage caused by CTX. A total of 210 1-day-old Mahuang cocks were selected for this experiment. Were equally divided into six groups and used to evaluate the immune effect of MLP. Our results showed that MLP significantly enhanced the growth performance of chicks and significantly elevated the secretion of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ), immunoglobulins and antioxidant enzymes in the serum of immunosuppressed chicks. It attenuated jejunal damage and elevated the expression of jejunal tight junction proteins Claudin1, Zo-1 and MUC2, which protected intestinal health. MLP activated TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB pathway and enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and NF-κB, which served to protect the intestine. 16S rDNA gene high-throughput sequencing showed that MLP increased species richness, restored CTX-induced gut microbiome imbalance, and enhanced the abundance of probiotic bacteria in the gut. MLP improves cyclophosphamide-induced growth inhibition and intestinal damage in chicks by modulating intestinal flora and enhancing immune regulation and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, this study provides a scientific basis for MLP as an immune enhancer to regulate chick intestinal flora and protect chick intestinal mucosal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yongbin Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yumeng Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongjie Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Song Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lingzhi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Shanshan Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yujie Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Fengmin Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the TCM Agricultural Biogenomics, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongbin Si
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding, Disease Control and Prevention, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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Fan S, Zheng M, Ren A, Mao H, Long D, Yang L. Effects of High-Concentrate-Induced SARA on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Levels and Rumen Microbiota and Function in Goats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:263. [PMID: 38254432 PMCID: PMC10812789 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the antioxidant, immune, and enzyme metabolism aspects in goats experiencing subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Furthermore, we seek to elucidate the relationship between the symbiotic microbiota of goats and their metabolic function. Sixteen goats were equally divided into two groups and fed a normal-concentrate diet (NC, 55% concentrate) or a high-concentrate diet (HC, 90% concentrate) for five weeks. We found that the HC diet reduced the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p = 0.022) and increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (p = 0.015), interleukin-4 (IL-4) (p = 0.008) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.002) concentration of goats. Simultaneously, the HC diet significantly increased the concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and amylase (AMY) in the blood and rumen fluid of goats (p < 0.05). Microbial analysis in the rumen of goats revealed that the HC diet decreased bacterial richness and diversity, as evidenced by the changed observed species, Chao 1, PD whole tree and Shannon when compared to the NC diet (p < 0.01). The proportion of Proteobacteria increased while that of Spirochaetes and Fibrobacteres significantly decreased with the HC diet (p < 0.05). The Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-010 in rumen was notably decreased when a diet was switched from 55% concentrate diet to 90% concentrate diet (p < 0.05). Additionally, microbial functional potentials deduced that the HC diet significantly increased the abundance of the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) (ko00020) associated with carbohydrate metabolism (p = 0.028). Furthermore, the HC diet significantly increased the glutathione metabolism (ko00480) associated with the metabolism of other amino acids (p = 0.008). Our findings suggested that SARA reduced the total antioxidant capacity and increased levels of inflammatory factors in goats, as well as decreased rumen bacterial species and abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Lingyuan Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410125, China; (S.F.); (D.L.)
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Guo C, Wang X, Dai D, Kong F, Wang S, Sun X, Li S, Xu X, Zhang L. Effects of alkaline mineral complex supplementation on production performance, serum variables, and liver transcriptome in calves. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1282055. [PMID: 38125683 PMCID: PMC10730931 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1282055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Calf diarrhea causes huge economic losses to livestock due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Alkaline mineral complex water is an alkaline solution containing silicon, sodium, potassium, zinc, and germanium, and has biological benefits and therapeutic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on the health of calves and to investigate the effect of Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation on neonatal calf serum variables and the liver transcriptome. Sixty Holstein calves (age 1.88 ± 0.85 days, weight 36.63 ± 3.34 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups: the T group (treatment group with alkaline mineral complex water supplemented during the experiment) and C group (control group without alkaline mineral complex water supplementation). Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation significantly increased the body weight for calves aged 60 d and average daily gain during the experimental period (1-60 d). In addition, Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation could significantly decrease the diarrhea rate for calves aged 16-30 d, enhance the T-AOC, IgG, IGF-1, and IGFBP-2 in concentrations. The results of KEGG enrichment analysis in transcriptomics indicate that Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation inhibited the target IL-1B gene of the NF-kappa B signaling pathway of liver. Alkaline mineral complex water supplementation decreased calf diarrhea and improved partial immune function, anti-inflammatory activity, antioxidant capacity, and health of calves. Alkaline mineral complex is a candidate to replace medicated feed additives. Alkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex waterAlkaline mineral complex water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Dongwen Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fanlin Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoge Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center of Raw Milk Quality and Safety Control, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lili Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Qiao L, Dou X, Song X, Chang J, Yi H, Xu C. Targeting mitochondria with antioxidant nutrients for the prevention and treatment of postweaning diarrhea in piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:275-287. [PMID: 38033610 PMCID: PMC10685042 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea (PWD) in piglets poses a significant challenge and presents a grave threat to the global swine industry, resulting in considerable financial losses and compromising the welfare of animals. PWD is commonly associated with gut homeostatic imbalance, including oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and microbiota dysbiosis. Antibiotic use has historically been a common initiative to combat PWD, but concerns about the development of antibiotic resistance have led to increased interest in alternative strategies. Mitochondria are key players in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and their dysfunction is intricately linked to the onset and progression of PWD. Accumulating evidence suggests that targeting mitochondrial function using antioxidant nutrients, such as vitamins, minerals and polyphenolic compounds, may represent a promising approach for preventing and treating PWD. Moreover, nutrients based on antioxidant strategies have been shown to improve mitochondrial function, restore intestinal redox balance, and reduce oxidative damage, which is a key driver of PWD. The present review begins with an overview of the potential interplay between mitochondria and gut homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PWD in piglets. Subsequently, alternative strategies to prevent and treat PWD using antioxidant nutrients to target mitochondria are described and discussed. Ultimately, we delve into potential limitations and suggest future research directions in this field for further advancement. Overall, targeting mitochondria using antioxidant nutrients may be a promising approach to combat PWD and provides a potential nutrition intervention strategy for regulating gut homeostasis of weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xina Dou
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xiaofan Song
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Jiajing Chang
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Hongbo Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, China
| | - Chunlan Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
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Zhang Y, Yang M, Zheng S, Zhang W, Huang W, Li Z, Gou Z, Wang Z, Gao H, Wang W, Liang Y, Huang Y, Peng J. Effects of granular feed on reproductive metabolism of breeding pigeons, intestinal development and microbiota of squab pigeons-A double-edged sword. Res Vet Sci 2023; 165:105051. [PMID: 37856946 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.105051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Pigeons like to eat raw grains, but meat pigeon enterprises often use compound feeds instead of raw grains to feed breeding pigeons to increase economic efficiency, which may change the pigeon's dietary behavior, and consequently lead to health and welfare problems. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of granular feeds on the health of high-yielding breeding pigeons and squabs in lactation. The results showed that, compared with raw grain group, the provision of granular feed resulted in lower total feed intake without affecting the weight of lactating breeding pigeons. Meanwhile, reproductive metabolism was improved and no oxidative stress was observed, which indicated that granular feeds had a positive effect on breeding pigeon's health. However, granular feed adversely affected jejunum development in squabs, compare wtih raw grain group, the growth rate of squab was reduced. Sequencing of the 16 s rRNA gene revealed that granular feed induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the squabs. The use of granular feed reduced the relative abundance of gut microorganisms in functional categories related to lipid and energy metabolism, resulting in a decrease in the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Ligilactobacillus, Atopobium, and an increase in that of inflammation-related Limosilactobacillus, which likely inhibited squab intestinal development and growth. Although the use of granular feed can improve breeder metabolism, it affect the composition of the microbial community and gut development of squabs. Therefore, the use of granular feed in production should be more careful to avoid causing growth obstruction of squab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Menglin Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Shiqi Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Weiying Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zhongyong Gou
- Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ziying Wang
- Meizhou Jinlv Modern Agriculture Development Co., Ltd., Meizhou 514500, China
| | - Hongyan Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Yayan Liang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Yanhua Huang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
| | - Jie Peng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Innovative Institute of Animal Healthy Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China.
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Su R, Ke W, Bai J, Wang M, Usman S, Xie D, Xu D, Chen M, Guo X. Comprehensive profiling of the metabolome in corn silage inoculated with or without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum using different untargeted metabolomics analyses. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:323-341. [PMID: 37726873 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2247824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Silage fermentation is a complicated biochemical process involving interactions between microbes and metabolites. However, the overall metabolome feature of ensiled forage and its response to lactic acid bacteria inoculation is poorly understood. Hence, in this study metabolome profiles of whole-plant corn silage inoculated with or without Lactiplantibacillus plantarum were characterised via solid-phase microextraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS), gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS), and Liquid chromatography/Q Exactive HFX mass spectrometry (LC-QE-MS/MS) analysis. There were 2087 identified metabolites including 1143 reliably identified metabolites in fresh and ensiled whole-plant corn. After ensiling, the increased metabolites in whole-plant corn were mainly composed of organic acids, volatile organic compounds (VOC), benzene and substituted derivatives, carboxylic acids and derivatives, fatty acyls, flavonoids, indoles and derivatives, organooxygen compounds (including amines and amides), phenols, pyridines and derivatives, and steroids and steroid derivatives, which includes neurotransmitters and metabolites with aromatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Phenylacetaldehyde was the most abundant aromatic metabolite after ensiling. L-isoleucine and oxoproline were the major free amino acids in silage. Ensiling markedly increased the relative abundances of 3-phenyllactic acid, chrysoeriol, 6-O-acetylaustroinulin, acetylcholine, γ-aminobutyric acid, pyridoxine, and alpha-linoleic acid. Inoculation with L. plantarum remarkably changed silage VOC composition, and essential amino acids, 3-phenyllactic acid, and cinnamaldehyde compared with untreated silage. The present study does not only provide a deeper insight into metabolites of the ensiled whole-plant corn but also reveals metabolites with specific biological functions that could be much helpful in screening novel lactic acid bacteria to well ensile forages. Inoculation with L. plantarum significantly affects the metabolome in ensiled whole-plant corn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, PR China
| | - Jie Bai
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Musen Wang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou, PR China
| | - Samaila Usman
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Mengyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Wang Q, Zhao Y, Guo L, Ma X, Yang Y, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Hua L, Che L, Xu S, Feng B, Fang Z, Li J, Lin Y, Wu D. Xylo-oligosaccharides improve the adverse effects of plant-based proteins on weaned piglet health by maintaining the intestinal barrier and inhibiting harmful bacterial growth. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1189434. [PMID: 37303802 PMCID: PMC10249996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1189434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Piglets are more susceptible to weaning stress syndrome when fed high levels of plant-based proteins that contain abundant food antigens and anti-nutritional factors. Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) are a potential prebiotic that may improve the tolerance of weaned piglets to plant-based proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of XOS supplementation in high and low plant-based protein diets on growth performance, gut morphology, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, and gut microbiota of weaned piglets. Methods A total of 128 weanling piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 7.63 ± 0.45 kg were randomly allocated to one of the four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two levels of plant-based proteins (d 1-14: 68.3 or 81.33%, d 15-28: 81.27 or 100%) and XOS complex (0 or 0.43%) over a 28-day trial. Results The growth performance of piglets did not differ significantly among groups (P > 0.05). However, the diarrhea index of weaned piglets fed a high plant-based protein diet (HP) was significantly higher than that of those fed a low plant-based protein diet (LP) at days 1-14 and throughout the experimental period (P < 0.05). XOS treatment tended to reduce the diarrhea index at days 1-14 (P = 0.062) and during the whole experiment period (P = 0.083). However, it significantly increased the digestibility of organic matter at days 15-28 (P < 0.05). Moreover, dietary XOS supplementation increased ileal mucosa mRNA expression of occludin and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the concentration of butyric acid (BA) in the cecal contents and in the concentrations of BA and valeric acid (VA) in colon contents were significantly elevated in the XOS groups (P < 0.05). Additionally, XOS optimized the gut flora by lowering the number of pathogenic bacteria such as p_Campylobacterota, thereby stabilizing the gut ecosystem. Discussion In conclusion, the HP diet aggravated diarrhea in weaned piglets while the XOS diet alleviated it by improving nutrient digestibility, protecting intestinal morphology, and optimizing the gut flora.
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Qin Y, Wang S, Huang W, Li K, Wu M, Liu W, Han J. Chlorogenic acid improves intestinal morphology by enhancing intestinal stem-cell activity. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:3287-3294. [PMID: 36698257 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorogenic acid (CGA), as one of the most abundant naturally occurring phenolic acids, has been documented to be beneficial for intestinal health. However, the underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. The adult intestinal stem cell is the critical driver of epithelial homeostasis and regeneration. RESULTS This study hypothesized that CGA exerted intestinal health effects by modulating intestinal stem-cell functions. Lgr5-EGFP mice were treated for 14 days, and intestinal organoids derived from these mice were treated for 3 days, using CGA solution. In comparison with the control group, CGA treatment increased intestinal villous height and crypt depth in mice and augmented the area expansion and the number of budding intestinal organoids. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis revealed that CGA treatment significantly increased the expression of genes coding intestinal stem-cell markers in intestinal tissue and organoids, and upregulated the expression of genes coding secretory cell lineages and enterocytes, although not statistically significantly. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorting analysis further confirmed that CGA augmented the number of stem cells. 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation and Ki67 immunostaining results also demonstrated that CGA treatment enhanced intestinal stem-cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Altogether, our findings indicate that CGA could activate intestinal stem-cell and epithelial regeneration, which could contribute to the improvement of intestinal morphology or organoid growth of mice. This highlights a promising mechanism for CGA as an excellent candidate for the formulation of dietary supplements and functional foods for intestinal protection. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumei Qin
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suqiang Wang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weiwei Huang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kejin Li
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Ecology and Health Institute, Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weilin Liu
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianzhong Han
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China
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Su R, Ke W, Usman S, Bai J, Akhavan Kharazian Z, Guo X. Dry matter content and inoculant alter the metabolome and bacterial community of alfalfa ensiled at high temperature. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:3443-3457. [PMID: 37099058 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Alfalfa silage fermentation quality, metabolome, bacterial interactions, and successions as well as their predicted metabolic pathways were explored under different dry matter contents (DM) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculations. Silages were prepared from alfalfa with DM contents of 304 (LDM) and 433 (HDM) g/kg fresh weight and inoculated with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum, LP), Pediococcus pentosaceus (P. pentosaceus, PP), or sterile water (control). The silages were stored at a simulated hot climate condition (35°C) and sampled at 0, 7, 14, 30, and 60 days of fermentation. The results revealed that HDM significantly improved the alfalfa silage quality and altered microbial community composition. The GC-TOF-MS analysis discovered 200 metabolites in both LDM and HDM alfalfa silage, mainly consisting of amino acids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and alcohols. Compared with LP and control, PP-inoculated silages had increased concentrations of lactic acid (P < 0.05) and essential amino acids (threonine and tryptophan) as well as decreased pH, putrescine content, and amino acid metabolism. However, alfalfa silage inoculated with LP had higher proteolytic activities than control and PP-inoculated silage, as revealed by a higher concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and also upregulated amino acid and energy metabolism. HDM content and P. pentosaceus inoculation significantly altered the composition of alfalfa silage microbiota from 7 to 60 days of ensiling. Conclusively, these results indicated that inoculation with PP exhibited great potential in enhancing the fermentation of silage with LDM and HDM via altering the microbiome and metabolome of the ensiled alfalfa, which could help in understanding and improving the ensiling practices under hot climate conditions. KEY POINTS: • HDM improved fermentation quality and declined putrescine content of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus inoculation enhanced the fermentation quality of alfalfa silage • P. pentosaceus is an ideal inoculant for alfalfa silage under high temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Su
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wencan Ke
- Department of Animal Science, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Samaila Usman
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Bai
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xusheng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
- Probiotics and Biological Feed Research Centre, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People's Republic of China.
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Comparison of the Effects between Tannins Extracted from Different Natural Plants on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Flora of Broiler Chickens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020441. [PMID: 36829999 PMCID: PMC9952188 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, four plant tannins, including AT (Acacia mearnsii tannin, 68%), CT (Castanea sativa tannin, 60%), QT (Schinopsis lorenzii tannin, 73%) and TT (Caesalpinia spinosa tannin, 50%) were added to broiler diets for 42 days to evaluate and compare their effects on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune performance and gut microbiota in broilers. The results showed that the supplementation of five tannins could increase the production of T-AOC, GSH-Px, SOD and CAT and reduce the production of MDA in the serum of broilers (p < 0.01), but the antioxidant effect of the AT group was lower than that of the other three groups (p < 0.01). All four tannins decreased the level of the pro-inflammatory factor IL-1β and increased the level of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 (p < 0.01). CT, QT and TT decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α (p < 0.01), while AT and CT increased the level of IL-2 in serum (p < 0.01). Supplementation with four tannins also increased the levels of IgG, IgM, IgA and sIgA in serum (p < 0.01) and the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the jejunum (p < 0.01). The detection results of ALT and AST showed that CT, QT and TT decreased the concentrations of ALT and AST in serum (p < 0.01). The results of the gut microbiota showed that the abundance of Clostridia and Subdoligranulum increased, and the abundance of Oscillospiraceae decreased, compared to the control group after adding the four tannins to the diets (p > 0.05). In addition, CT, QT and TT decreased the abundance of Lactobacillus and increased the abundance of Bacteroides compared to the control group, while AT showed the opposite result (p > 0.05). Overall, our study shows that tannins derived from different plants have their own unique effects on broilers. AT and CT can promote broilers' growth better than other tannins, CT has the best ability to improve immune and antioxidant properties, and QT and TT have the best effect on broilers' liver protection.
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Xu Q, Zhao J, Jian H, Ye J, Gong M, Zou X, Dong X. Linoleic acid ameliorates intestinal mucosal barrier injury in early weaned pigeon squabs (Columba livia). J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad125. [PMID: 37186172 PMCID: PMC10195202 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate whether linoleic acid could improve the intestinal barrier function of squabs under weaning stress conditions. Totally 320 7-d-old weaned squabs were randomly divided into four treatment groups, including control group (CON), 0.7% linoleic acid addition group (LA007), 1.4% linoleic acid addition group (LA014) and 2.1% linoleic acid addition group (LA021). At 21 d, eight squabs were randomly selected from each treatment group for sampling and determination. The results showed that adding linoleic acid could improve (P < 0.05) the body weight of weaned squabs, and LA014 had the best effect. With the increase of linoleic acid dosage, villi height and villi area increased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05), and reached the maximum in LA021 or LA014, respectively. The linoleic acid supplementation could improve the intestinal tight junction of weaned squabs, and the LA014 was the most significant (P < 0.05). With the linoleic acid increasing, the levels of intestinal IL-6 and TNF-α decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while intestinal IL-10 increased quadratically (P < 0.05) and reached the maximum in LA014. Serum endotoxin and diamine oxidase levels decreased linearly (P < 0.05) and reached the lowest level in LA014. The ultrastructure of villi revealed that the length of ileal microvilli in LA014 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the microvilli became dense, and the mitochondria in epithelial cells returned to normal state. Further exploring the mechanism of linoleic acid alleviating intestinal injury caused by weaning stress in squabs, it was found that linoleic acid down-regulated (P < 0.05) the relative protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, phosphorylated JNK, and phosphorylated p38, reducing secretion of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α. This study indicated that linoleic acid could alleviate intestinal barrier injury of early weaned squabs by down-regulating TLR4-MyD88-JNK/p38-IL6/TNF-α pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Product Quality and Hazardous Substance Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Product Quality and Hazardous Substance Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huafeng Jian
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiangcheng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Product Quality and Hazardous Substance Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Mingxiu Gong
- Key Laboratory of Characteristic Agricultural Product Quality and Hazardous Substance Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Food Nutrition and Quality Safety, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xiaoting Zou
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinyang Dong
- Key laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Feed Science Institute, College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University (Zijingang Campus), Hangzhou 310058, China
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Wu JJ, Zhu S, Tang YF, Gu F, Liu JX, Sun HZ. Microbiota-host crosstalk in the newborn and adult rumen at single-cell resolution. BMC Biol 2022; 20:280. [PMID: 36514051 PMCID: PMC9749198 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rumen is the hallmark organ of ruminants, playing a vital role in their nutrition and providing products for humans. In newborn suckling ruminants milk bypasses the rumen, while in adults this first chamber of the forestomach has developed to become the principal site of microbial fermentation of plant fibers. With the advent of single-cell transcriptomics, it is now possible to study the underlying cell composition of rumen tissues and investigate how this relates the development of mutualistic symbiosis between the rumen and its epithelium-attached microbes. RESULTS We constructed a comprehensive cell landscape of the rumen epithelium, based on single-cell RNA sequencing of 49,689 high-quality single cells from newborn and adult rumen tissues. Our single-cell analysis identified six immune cell subtypes and seventeen non-immune cell subtypes of the rumen. On performing cross-species analysis of orthologous genes expressed in epithelial cells of cattle rumen and the human stomach and skin, we observed that the species difference overrides any cross-species cell-type similarity. Comparing adult with newborn cattle samples, we found fewer epithelial cell subtypes and more abundant immune cells, dominated by T helper type 17 cells in the rumen tissue of adult cattle. In newborns, there were more fibroblasts and myofibroblasts, an IGFBP3+ epithelial cell subtype not seen in adults, while dendritic cells were the most prevalent immune cell subtype. Metabolism-related functions and the oxidation-reduction process were significantly upregulated in adult rumen epithelial cells. Using 16S rDNA sequencing, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and absolute quantitative real-time PCR, we found that epithelial Desulfovibrio was significantly enriched in the adult cattle. Integrating the microbiome and metabolome analysis of rumen tissues revealed a high co-occurrence probability of Desulfovibrio with pyridoxal in the adult cattle compared with newborn ones while the scRNA-seq data indicated a stronger ability of pyroxidal binding in the adult rumen epithelial cell subtypes. These findings indicate that Desulfovibrio and pyridoxal likely play important roles in maintaining redox balance in the adult rumen. CONCLUSIONS Our integrated multi-omics analysis provides novel insights into rumen development and function and may facilitate the future precision improvement of rumen function and milk/meat production in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jin Wu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Senlin Zhu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tang
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fengfei Gu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui-Zeng Sun
- Institute of Dairy Science, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Education Innovation Team of Development and Function of Animal Digestive System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Ministry of Education Key laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Wang K, Zhou M, Gong X, Zhou Y, Chen J, Ma J, Zhang P. Starch-protein interaction effects on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in host. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1018026. [PMID: 36466418 PMCID: PMC9709417 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1018026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this experiment was to investigate the effects of different starch and protein levels on lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice of different genders. A total of 160 male mice were randomly assigned to sixteen groups and fed a 4 × 4 Latin square design with dietary protein concentrations of 16, 18, 20, and 22%, and starch concentrations of 50, 52, 54, and 56%, respectively. The results of the study showed that different proportions of starch and protein had obvious effects on the liver index of mice, and there was a significant interaction between starch and protein on the liver index (p = 0.005). Compared with other protein ratio diets, 18% protein diet significantly increased the serum TBA concentration of mice (p < 0.001), and different starch ratio diets had no effect on serum TBA concentration (p = 0.442). It was proved from the results of ileal tissue HE staining that the low protein diet and the low starch diet were more favorable. There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria abundance in feces of mice (p < 0.001). Compared with 16 and 18% protein ratio diets, both 20 and 22% protein diets significantly decreased the Parabacteroides and Alistipes abundance in feces of mice (p < 0.05), and 52% starch ratio diet significantly decreased the Parabacteroides and Alistipes abundance than 50% starch ratio diet of mice (p < 0.05). There was a significant interaction between diets with different starch and protein levels on Parabacteroides (p = 0.014) and Alistipes (p = 0.001) abundance in feces of mice. Taken together, our results suggest that a low protein and starch diet can alter lipid metabolism and gut microbes in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Gong
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuqiao Zhou
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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20
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Wang K, Ma J, Li Y, Han Q, Yin Z, Zhou M, Luo M, Chen J, Xia S. Effects of essential oil extracted from Artemisia argyi leaf on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in high-fat diet-fed mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1024722. [PMID: 36407543 PMCID: PMC9670120 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1024722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisia argyi leaf is a well-known species in traditional Chinese medicine, and its essential oil (AAEO) has been identified to exert various physiological activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AAEO on lipid metabolism and the potential microbial role in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. A total of 50 male mice were assigned to five groups for feeding with a control diet (Con), a high-fat diet (HFD), and the HFD plus the low (LEO), medium (MEO), and high (HEO) doses of AAEO. The results demonstrated that dietary HFD markedly increased the body weight gain compared with the control mice (p < 0.05), while mice in the HEO group showed a lower body weight compared to the HFD group (p < 0.05). The weight of fatty tissues and serum lipid indexes (TBA, HDL, and LDL levels) were increased in response to dietary HFD, while there was no significant difference in AAEO-treated mice (p < 0.05). The jejunal villus height was dramatically decreased in HFD-fed mice compared with the control mice, while HEO resulted in a dramatically higher villus height than that in the HFD group (p < 0.05). Microbial α-diversity was not changed in this study, but β-diversity indicated that microbial compositions differed in control, HFD, and EO subjects. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Bacteroides was greater (p < 0.05) in the feces of the Con group when compared to the HFD and EO groups. On the contrary, the abundance of Muribaculum was lower in the Con group compared to the HFD and EO groups (p < 0.05). Although the Muribaculum in the EO group was lower than that in the HFD group, there was no statistically notable difference between the HFD and EO groups (p > 0.05). Simultaneously, the relative abundance of Alistipes (p < 0.05) and Rikenella (p < 0.05) was also dramatically higher in the Con group than in the HFD and EO groups. The abundance of norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014 was lower in the HFD or EO group than in the Con group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the results suggested that HEO could affect body weight and lipid metabolism without gut microbes in ICR mice, and it was beneficial for the structure of the jejunal epithelial tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaijun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jie Ma
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Han
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhangzheng Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Luo
- Agricultural Service Center, Xiaolan Town, Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Siting Xia
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Amoah K, Dong XH, Tan BP, Zhang S, Chi SY, Yang QH, Liu HY, Yan XB, Yang YZ, Zhang H. Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals the Key Potential Biomarkers for Castor Meal-Induced Enteritis in Juvenile Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × E. lanceolatus♂). Front Nutr 2022; 9:847425. [PMID: 35811940 PMCID: PMC9261911 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensification of aquaculture to help kerb global food security issues has led to the quest for more economical new protein-rich ingredients for the feed-based aquaculture since fishmeal (FM, the ingredient with the finest protein and lipid profile) is losing its acceptability due to high cost and demand. Although very high in protein, castor meal (CM), a by-product after oil-extraction, is disposed-off due to the high presence of toxins. Concurrently, the agro-industrial wastes’ consistent production and disposal are of utmost concern; however, having better nutritional profiles of these wastes can lead to their adoption. This study was conducted to identify potential biomarkers of CM-induced enteritis in juvenile hybrid-grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) alongside their growth and distal intestinal (DI) health evaluation. A total of 360 fish (initial weight = 9.13 ± 0.01g) were randomly assigned into three groups, namely, fish-meal (FM) (control), 4% CM (CM4), and 20% CM (CM20). After the 56-days feeding-trial, the DI tissues of FM, CM4, and CM20 groups were collected for metabolomics analysis. Principal components analysis and partial least-squares discriminant-analysis (PLS-DA, used to differentiate the CM20 and CM4, from the FM group with satisfactory explanation and predictive ability) were used to analyze the UPLC-MS data. The results revealed a significant improvement in the growth, DI immune responses and digestive enzyme activities, and DI histological examinations in the CM4 group than the others. Nonetheless, CM20 replacement caused DI physiological damage and enteritis in grouper as shown by AB-PAS staining and scanning electron microscopy examinations, respectively. The most influential metabolites in DI contents identified as the potential biomarkers in the positive and negative modes using the metabolomics UPLC-MS profiles were 28 which included five organoheterocyclic compounds, seven lipids, and lipid-like molecules, seven organic oxygen compounds, two benzenoids, five organic acids and derivatives, one phenylpropanoids and polyketides, and one from nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues superclass. The present study identified a broad array of DI tissue metabolites that differed between FM and CM diets, which provides a valuable reference for further managing fish intestinal health issues. A replacement level of 4% is recommended based on the growth and immunity of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwaku Amoah
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-hui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-hui Dong,
| | - Bei-ping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Shu-yan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Qi-hui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hong-yu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiao-bo Yan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
- Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High-Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Centre of Guangdong Province, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuan-zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry Feed Science and Technology in South China, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhanjiang, China
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Yin L, Li J, Zhang Y, Yang Q, Yang C, Yi Z, Yin Y, Wang Q, Li J, Ding N, Zhang Z, Yang H, Yin Y. Changes in progenitors and differentiated epithelial cells of neonatal piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 8:265-276. [PMID: 34988308 PMCID: PMC8693152 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the changes of small intestinal morphology, progenitors, differentiated epithelial cells, and potential mechanisms in neonatal piglets. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of samples from 36 piglets suggested that dramatic changes were observed in the jejunum crypts depth and crypt fission index of neonatal piglets (P < 0.001). The number of intestinal stem cells (ISC) tended to increase (P < 0.10), and a decreased number of enteroendocrine cells appeared in the jejunal crypt on d 7 (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of jejunal chromogranin A (ChgA) was down-regulated in d 7 piglets (P < 0.05). There was an up-regulation of the adult ISC marker gene of SPARC related modular calcium binding 2 (Smoc2), and Wnt/β-catenin target genes on d 7 (P < 0.05). These results were further verified in vitro enteroid culture experiments. A mass of hollow spheroids was cultured from the fetal intestine of 0-d-old piglets (P < 0.001), whereas substantial organoids with budding and branching structures were cultured from the intestine of 7-d-old piglets (P < 0.001). The difference was reflected by the organoid budding efficiency, crypt domains per organoid, and the surface area of the organoid. Furthermore, spheroids on d 0 had more Ki67-positive cells and enteroendocrine cells (P < 0.05) and showed a decreasing trend in the ISC and goblet cells (P < 0.10). Moreover, the mRNA expression of spheroids differed markedly from that of organoids, with low expression of intestinal differentiation gene (Lysozyme; P < 0.05), epithelial-specific markers (Villin, E-cadherin; P < 0.05), and adult ISC markers (leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 [Lgr5], Smoc2; P < 0.001), and up-regulation of fetal marker (connexin 43 [Cnx43]; P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of relevant genes was up-regulated, and involved in Wnt/β-catenin, epidermal growth factor (EGF), Notch, and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling on d 7 organoids (P < 0.05). Spheroids displayed low differentiated phenotype and high proliferation, while organoids exhibited strong differentiation potential. These results indicated that the conversion from the fetal progenitors (spheroids) to adult ISC (normal organoids) might largely be responsible for the fast development of intestinal epithelial cells in neonatal piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Yitong Zhang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Cuiyan Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yi
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yuebang Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong BiologicaI Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Aonong Group, Zhangzhou, Fujian, 363000, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, 410125, China.,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
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23
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Li C, Li Z, Wu H, Tang S, Zhang Y, Yang B, Yang H, Huang L. Therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera leaves on constipation mice based on pharmacodynamics and serum metabonomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114644. [PMID: 34534599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Moringa oleifera is native to India, and has been introduced to China in recent years. Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL), as Ayurvedic medicine, has efficacy of Pachana karma (digestive) and Virechana karma (purgative). Folium Sennae (FS), Rhubarb (RB), Aloe vera (AV), Hemp seed (HS) are commonly used as laxatives in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), which have different characteristics. However, the intensity of the diarrheal effect of MOL and its mechanism of action are unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The methods of pharmacology and omics were used to compare the purgative effects of MOL and FS, RB, AV, HS, and their effects on metabolomics, to analyze the purgative characteristics and related mechanisms of MOL. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6J mouse model of constipation was established by feeding low-fiber food. Feces parameters and colon pathology were used to evaluate the effect of FS, RB, AV, HS and MOL. And mass spectrometry-based serum metabolomics was performed. The differential metabolites of these herbs in the treatment of constipation were obtained by OPLS-DA analysis. Furthermore, pathway analysis was conducted based on different metabolites. RESULTS Moringa leaves can adjust the stool number, wet fecal weight and fecal water content to varying degrees to achieve laxative effects, and recover colon muscle thickness and mucus. Analysis of metabolomics results showed that 71 metabolites from LC-MS datasets between model group and control group were obtained. 29, 12, 44, 29 and 20 metabolites were significantly reversed by FS, RB, AV, HS, MOL compared with model group respectively. According to the metabolic pathways, RB and AV may be clustered into a similar category, and MOL, FS and HS showed similarity of metabolic characteristics. CONCLUSION The purgative effect of MOL is inferior to that of FS, and stronger than that of AV, RB and HS. The metabolic pathway for constipation is more similar to that of FS. MOL has a long-lasting and mild effect of laxative, increasing defecation volume and water content of feces, and may become a fewer side effects medicine to treat constipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caifeng Li
- Academician Workstation of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330004, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China; National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Zhiyong Li
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650500, China; School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China; Yunnan Province Resources of Development and Collaborative Innovation Center for New Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, 650051, China
| | - Hongwei Wu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Shihuan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Daodi Herbs, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Yin L, Li J, Wang M, Wang Q, Li J, Ding N, Yang H, Yin Y. Dietary high protein-induced diarrhea and intestinal inflammation by activation of NF-κB signaling in piglets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:1070-1077. [PMID: 34738037 PMCID: PMC8546374 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate whether inflammation-associated responses in piglets are induced by high protein (HP) through activating nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling. Sixteen piglets (35 d of age, Duroc × [Landrace × Yorkshire], weaned at d 21, initial BW = 9.70 ± 0.11 kg) were allocated to 18% and 26% CP (HP group) at random, comprising 8 replicate pens per treatment. The piglets were slaughtered to collect intestinal tissues when apparent, persistent, and stable diarrhea syndromes happened (on d 12). No significant differences were observed in their growth performance (P > 0.05), but reduction by 19.11%, 25.31%, 23.64% of ADFI, ADG, and G:F, respectively was detected in the HP group. The HP group had greater (P = 0.002) diarrhea rates. Furthermore, dietary HP had lower ileal villus height (VH; P = 0.048), ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VH/CD ratio; P = 0.016), and colonic CD (P = 0.034), as well as had the trend (P = 0.075) to reduce the ileal villus absorptive area. Moreover, HP diets significantly elevated the goblet cell numbers in the ileal villi (P = 0.016) and colonic crypts (P < 0.001) and up-regulated (P = 0.012) the mRNA expression of mucin2 (Muc2) in the ileum. In addition, HP diets increased the myeloperoxidase concentration in the ileum (P = 0.002) and colon (P = 0.007) of piglets. Dietary HP significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α; P < 0.001) in the ileum, induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; P = 0.040) and interleukin-22 (IL-22; P = 0.008) in the colon, and inclined to down-regulate interleukin-1β (IL-1β; P = 0.076) expression in the colon. The relative protein abundance of Galectin-3 (P = 0.046) in the colon and the ratio of phosphorylation NF-κB to NF-κB (p-NF-κB/NF-κB ratio) in the ileum of HP piglets were also greater (P = 0.038). These results suggest that dietary HP may cause diarrhea in piglets by activating NF-κB signaling induced intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Meiwei Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Nengshui Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Food Safety Technology for Meat Products, Yinxiang Group, Fujian Aonong Biological Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Key Laboratory of Swine Nutrition and Feed Science of Fujian Province, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Li Z, Zhang S, Wan L, Song X, Yuan D, Zhang S, Wu D, Jiang J. Vitamin B6 as a novel risk biomarker of fractured ankles. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27442. [PMID: 34622861 PMCID: PMC8500643 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Ankle fractures are the most common intra-articular fractures. Osteoporosis is a common and frequent disease among the elderly with a poor prognosis and high risk of fractured ankles. However, the relationship between vitamin B6 and the incidence of fractured ankles in patients with osteoporosis is unclear.A total of 101 patients with osteoporosis were recruited. Clinical and followed-up information was recorded. And the vitamin B6, albumin, globulin, and hemoglobin in the blood were tested. Pearson's chi-squared and spearman test were performed to analyze the correlation between fractured ankles and relative parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, and Kaplan-Meier method were also performed.There exist strong relation between the expression level of vitamin B6 and fractured ankle (P < .001). The expression of vitamin B6 [Odd ratio (OR) = 12.071, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.69-31.143, P < .001] has a clear correlation with whether the patients have fractured ankles via the univariate logistic regression analysis. In terms of multivariate logistic regression level, vitamin B6 (OR = 15.384, 95% CI:5.195-45.556, P < .001) was significantly associated with fractured ankle. In addition, expression level of vitamin B6 [hazard ratio (HR) = 11.684, 95% CI: 6.419-21.267, P < .001] was significantly associated with Maintenance time from recovery to recurrence (MRTT) of patients with osteoporosis.Enhanced vitamin B6 is significantly correlated with the poor prognosis of patients with osteoporosis and the increasing incidence of fractured ankles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Shaoan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ultrasound Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong Province, China
| | - Dongtao Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Shikui Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Dalong Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Luohe Medical College, Henan Province, China
| | - Jiankui Jiang
- Hand Surgery & Foot and Ankle Surgery Department, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong Province, China
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Li Y, Liu Y, Wu J, Chen Q, Zhou Q, Wu F, Zhang R, Fang Z, Lin Y, Xu S, Feng B, Zhuo Y, Wu D, Che L. Comparative effects of enzymatic soybean, fish meal and milk powder in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:106. [PMID: 34615550 PMCID: PMC8496045 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00625-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the replacement effects of milk powder (MK) and fish meal (FM) by enzymatic soybean (ESB) in diets on growth performance, immunological parameters, SCFAs production and gut microbiome of weaned piglets. Methods A total of 128 piglets with initial body weight at 6.95 ± 0.46 kg, were randomly assigned into 4 dietary treatments with 8 replicates per treatment and 4 piglets per replicate for a period of 14 d. Piglets were offered iso-nitrogenous and iso-energetic diets as follows: CON diet with MK and FM as high quality protein sources, ESB plus FM diet with ESB replacing MK, ESB plus MK diet with ESB replacing FM, and ESB diet with ESB replacing both MK and FM. Results No significant differences were observed in growth performance among all treatments (P > 0.05). However, piglets fed ESB plus FM or ESB diet had increased diarrhea index (P<0.01), and lower digestibility of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE) or crude protein (CP), relative to piglets fed CON diet (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inclusion of ESB in diet markedly decreased the plasma concentration of HPT and fecal concentration of butyric acid (BA) (P<0.01). The High-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene V3−V4 region of gut microbiome revealed that the inclusion of ESB in diet increased the alpha diversity, and the linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that piglets fed with ESB plus FM or ESB diet contained more gut pathogenic bacteria, such as g_Peptococcus, g_Veillonella and g_Helicobacter. Conclusion The inclusion of ESB in diet did not markedly affect growth performance of piglets, but the replacement of MK or both MK and FM by ESB increased diarrhea index, which could be associated with lower nutrients digestibility and more gut pathogenic bacteria. However, piglets fed diet using ESB to replace FM did not markedly affect gut health-related parameters, indicating the potential for replacing FM with ESB in weaning diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangnan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, No. 211, Huimin Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Huang Q, Dong K, Wang Q, Huang X, Wang G, An F, Luo Z, Luo P. Changes in volatile flavor of yak meat during oxidation based on multi-omics. Food Chem 2021; 371:131103. [PMID: 34537608 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hydroxyl radical system combined with GC-IMS and metabolomics were used to assess the effect of oxidation on the formation of volatile flavor emitted from yak meat. The formation of volatile compounds, including heptanal, octanal, nonanal, 2,3-glutaraldehyde, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, etc. were promoted by oxidation. Among them, 2,3-pentanedione and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, etc. maybe contributed most to the overall aroma of yak meat, while octanal, nonanal and benzaldehyde maybe related to the formation of off-odor or acidification. Meanwhile, the content of metabolites such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, etc. fatty acids and 3-dehydromangiferic acid, tyrosine were increased or decreased with the time of oxidation. More importantly, the formation of most flavor components in yak meat during the course of oxidation were related to stearidonic acid, acetylleucine, dehydroshikimate, 6-phosphate-glucose etc. differential metabolic components. Moreover, starch and sucrose metabolism (prediction), and amino acid metabolism (enrichment) etc. pathways maybe related with the process of oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Huang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China; Meat Processing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610106, China
| | - Kai Dong
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China; Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Qia Wang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Guoze Wang
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China
| | - Fengping An
- Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition of Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
| | - Zhang Luo
- College of Food Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, Tibet Autonomous Region 860000, China.
| | - Peng Luo
- School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550000, China.
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Yin L, Yang Q, Zhang Y, Wan D, Yin Y, Wang Q, Huang J, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Dietary Copper Improves Intestinal Morphology via Modulating Intestinal Stem Cell Activity in Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2513. [PMID: 34573479 PMCID: PMC8471658 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is an essential micronutrient for animals. Many studies have been conducted on the effects of dietary Cu on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and function of piglets. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be explored. Intestinal stem cells (ISC) drive the development and constant renewal of intestinal epithelium. Therefore, we hypothesized that dietary Cu affects piglets' intestinal development via modulating ISC activity. A total of eighty-five 21-day-old piglets were randomly assigned to five groups, where 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg CuSO4/kg on a dry matter basis were supplemented to the basal diet at phase 1 (day 0 to 21). Increasing the dietary Cu concentration decreased (p < 0.05) villus width but increased (p < 0.001) the number of Ki67-positive cells. At phase 2 (day 22 to 163), the other 45 pigs were offered the same diets. Villus height in the 125 mg/kg Cu group was greater (p < 0.001) than in the other groups. Moreover, the effects of Cu on ISC activity in vitro were tested to explore the underlying mechanism. Compared to the control group, 10 μmol/L CuSO4·5H2O increased (p < 0.001) the organoid budding efficiency, crypt depth, and crypts per organoid. Dietary Cu improved the intestinal morphology of finishing pigs via promoting cell proliferation and modulating ISC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanmei Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qing Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yiming Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Dan Wan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuebang Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Qiye Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jing Huang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Y.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.); (J.H.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China; (D.W.); (Y.Y.)
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Dietary alternatives to in-feed antibiotics, gut barrier function and inflammation in piglets post-weaning: Where are we now? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Wang L, Zou L, Li J, Yang H, Yin Y. Effect of dietary folate level on organ weight, digesta pH, short-chain fatty acid concentration, and intestinal microbiota of weaned piglets. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6105550. [PMID: 33476395 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Folate is increasingly thought to promote gastrointestinal health and regulate the diversity of gut microbiota to alleviate weaning stress in piglets. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of folate on organ weight, digesta pH, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration, and intestinal microbiota in weaned piglets. A total of 28 piglets (6.73 ± 0.62 kg) were allocated to four dietary treatments consisting of a control group, 3, 9, and 18 mg/kg of folate supplementation in a 14-d feeding trial. The results showed that piglets fed with 9 and 18 mg/kg of folate supplementation had greater (P < 0.05) average liver and spleen weight than the control group. Folate supplementation (9 and 18 mg/kg) can significantly increase (P < 0.05) the stomach pH and tend (P < 0.10) to decrease the cecum pH. Folate treatment (9 and 18 mg/kg) had a positive effect on the metabolism of SCFAs in piglets, in particular, compared with the control group, and the content of acetic acid (AA) and valeric acid was markedly increased (P < 0.05) in the cecum and colon, respectively. Moreover, isobutyric acid, butyric acid, and isovaleric acid were tended (P < 0.10) to increase in the colon. Cecum contents samples were used to determine bacterial community diversity by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. At the genus level, in the cecum, there was a higher (P < 0.05) relative abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Lactobacillus mucosae in the 9 mg/kg folate supplementation group. The functional pathways analysis predicted that folate may modify nutrient metabolism by changing the gut microbiota function of weaned piglets. Furthermore, the data showed that Lactobacillus was positively correlated with AA in the cecum. Overall, these findings suggested that folate treatment could increase the organ weight and the stomach pH of weaned piglets and had beneficial effects on gut health, which might be attributed to the alteration in intestinal microbiota induced by folate and the interaction of the intestinal microbiota with SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Lijun Zou
- Laboratory of Basic Biology, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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Alam S, Bhuiyan FR, Emon TH, Hasan M. Prospects of nutritional interventions in the care of COVID-19 patients. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06285. [PMID: 33615017 PMCID: PMC7879162 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has unfolded an unprecedented worldwide public health emergency with disastrous economic consequences. Around 96 million coronavirus cases have already been identified with over half a million deaths. Despite numerous efforts by the government as well as international organizations, these numbers are still increasing with a surprising rate. Although urgent and absolutely necessary, a reliable therapeutic or vaccine is still elusive and this status quo may remain for an uncertain period of time. Taken that into account, boosting up adaptive immunity through nutritional interventions may help subside this epidemic and save many lives. This review focuses on the nexus between a balanced diet and adaptive immunity, particularly, how a poor diet may lead to compromised immunity resulting in susceptibility to viral infections. Additionally, we discuss how nutrients (vitamins, minerals, trace elements) can be used as a tool to modulate immune response and thus impede viral infections. The study also summarizes nutritional recommendations to combat COVID-19 in different countries and territories as well as dietary sources of those key nutrients. Moreover, different nutritional intervention strategies based on different age groups, physiological and medical conditions were also included, and the challenges of nutritional interventions towards the care of COVID-19 patients are also discussed. Since the availability of a drug or vaccine is still uncertain, a balanced diet or nutrient therapy can be used as a robust strategy to combat COVID-19. Thus, we hope this review may help to make an informed decision with regard to diet choice both at individual level as well as clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabiha Alam
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Rumzum Bhuiyan
- Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Department of Botany, University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Tanvir Hossain Emon
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Mahmudul Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceuticals and Industrial Biotechnology, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, Bangladesh
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Maternal dietary linoleic acid altered intestinal barrier function in domestic pigeons ( Columba livia). Br J Nutr 2020; 126:1003-1016. [PMID: 33298208 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520004973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA) is predominantly essential for poultry. Poultry lacking LA show retarded growth and reduced disease resistance. Intestinal barrier function plays an important role in pigeon squab growth, whereas research on the effects of LA on intestinal health in altrices is scant. Considering that squabs are fed by their parents, the study aimed to explore the effects of maternal dietary LA on intestinal morphology, tight junction proteins, immune cytokines and microbial flora in squabs. A completely randomised design with a control group, 1 % LA supplementation group, 2 % LA supplementation group and 4 % LA supplementation group was used. Six squabs from each treatment were randomly sampled at 21 d post-hatching. The results indicated that LA supplementation improved intestinal morphology, as reflected by increased villus height, villus area and the ratio of villi to crypts. Also, 1 % LA supplementation elevated the density of goblet cells in the intestine and strengthened tight junctions by up-regulating claudin-3 and occludin gene expression but down-regulating claudin-2 gene expression. Moreover, 1 % LA supplementation reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and partly increased anti-inflammatory cytokines. The intestinal microbial diversity in the 1 % LA supplementation group was higher than that in the other groups. As beneficial bacteria, Butyrivibrio was the biomarker of 1 % LA supplementation. However, excessive (4 %) LA supplementation led to adverse impacts on intestinal immunity and microbiota. In conclusion, maternal dietary LA might alter intestinal barrier function in pigeon squabs in a dose-dependent manner. Supplementation with 1 % LA was suggested in parental pigeons.
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