1
|
Singh P, Choi JY, Wang W, Lam T, Lechner P, Vanderwal CD, Pou S, Nilsen A, Ben Mamoun C. A Fluorescence-Based Assay for Measuring Polyamine Biosynthesis Aminopropyl Transferase-Mediated Catalysis. J Biol Chem 2024:107832. [PMID: 39342998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2024] [Revised: 09/19/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are polycationic molecules that are crucial in a wide array of cellular functions. Their biosynthesis is mediated by aminopropyl transferases (APTs), which are promising targets for antimicrobial, antineoplastic and antineurodegenerative therapies. A major limitation in studying APT enzymes, however, is the lack of high-throughput assays to measure their activity. We have developed the first fluorescence-based assay, DAB-APT, for the measurement of APT activity using 1,2-diacetyl benzene (DAB), which forms fluorescent conjugates with putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, with fluorescence intensity increasing with the carbon chain length. The assay has been validated using APT enzymes from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Plasmodium falciparum, and the data further validated by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography. Using mass spectrometry analysis, the structures of the fluorescent putrescine, spermidine and spermine 1,2-DAB adducts were determined to be substituted 1,3-dimethyl isoindoles. The DAB-APT assay is optimized for high-throughput screening, facilitating the evaluation of large chemical libraries. Given the critical roles of APTs in infectious diseases, oncology, and neurobiology, the DAB-APT assay offers a powerful tool with broad applicability, poised to drive advancements in research and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases
| | - Jae-Yeon Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tukiet Lam
- Keck MS & Proteomics Resource, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Philip Lechner
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- Department of Chemistry, 1102 Natural Sciences II, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 856 Health Sciences Road, Suite 5400, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Sovitj Pou
- VA Healthcare System, Medical Research Service, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Aaron Nilsen
- VA Healthcare System, Medical Research Service, Portland, Oregon 97239; Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239
| | - Choukri Ben Mamoun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases,; Department of Microbial Pathogenesis; Department of Pathology Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu F, Liu J, Luo Y, Wu S, Liu X, Chen H, Luo Z, Yuan H, Shen F, Zhu F, Ye J. A Single-Cell Metabolic Profiling Characterizes Human Aging via SlipChip-SERS. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2406668. [PMID: 39231358 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202406668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysregulation is a key driver of cellular senescence, contributing to the progression of systemic aging. The heterogeneity of senescent cells and their metabolic shifts are complex and unexplored. A microfluidic SlipChip integrated with surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), termed SlipChip-SERS, is developed for single-cell metabolism analysis. This SlipChip-SERS enables compartmentalization of single cells, parallel delivery of saponin and nanoparticles to release intracellular metabolites and to realize SERS detection with simple slipping operations. Analysis of different cancer cell lines using SlipChip-SERS demonstrated its capability for sensitive and multiplexed metabolic profiling of individual cells. When applied to human primary fibroblasts of different ages, it identified 12 differential metabolites, with spermine validated as a potent inducer of cellular senescence. Prolonged exposure to spermine can induce a classic senescence phenotype, such as increased senescence-associated β-glactosidase activity, elevated expression of senescence-related genes and reduced LMNB1 levels. Additionally, the senescence-inducing capacity of spermine in HUVECs and WRL-68 cells is confirmed, and exogenous spermine treatment increased the accumulation and release of H2O2. Overall, a novel SlipChip-SERS system is developed for single-cell metabolic analysis, revealing spermine as a potential inducer of senescence across multiple cell types, which may offer new strategies for addressing ageing and ageing-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fugang Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yang Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Siyi Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Xu Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haoran Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Zhewen Luo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Haitao Yuan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Feng Shen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Fangfang Zhu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Jian Ye
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gynecologic Oncology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Martín JF, Liras P. Diamine Fungal Inducers of Secondary Metabolism: 1,3-Diaminopropane and Spermidine Trigger Enzymes Involved in β-Alanine and Pantothenic Acid Biosynthesis, Precursors of Phosphopantetheine in the Activation of Multidomain Enzymes. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:826. [PMID: 39335000 PMCID: PMC11428646 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13090826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Revised: 08/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of antibiotics and other secondary metabolites (also named special metabolites) is regulated by multiple regulatory networks and cascades that act by binding transcriptional factors to the promoter regions of different biosynthetic gene clusters. The binding affinity of transcriptional factors is frequently modulated by their interaction with specific ligand molecules. In the last decades, it was found that the biosynthesis of penicillin is induced by two different molecules, 1,3-diaminopropane and spermidine, but not by putrescine (1,4-diaminobutane) or spermine. 1,3-diaminopropane and spermidine induce the expression of penicillin biosynthetic genes in Penicillium chrysogenum. Proteomic studies clearly identified two different proteins that respond to the addition to cultures of these inducers and are involved in β-alanine and pantothenic acid biosynthesis. These compounds are intermediates in the biosynthesis of phosphopantetheine that is required for the activation of non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, polyketide synthases, and fatty acid synthases. These large-size multidomain enzymes are inactive in the "apo" form and are activated by covalent addition of the phosphopantetheine prosthetic group by phosphopantetheinyl transferases. Both 1,3-diaminopropane and spermidine have a similar effect on the biosynthesis of cephalosporin by Acremonium chrysogenum and lovastatin by Aspergillus terreus, suggesting that this is a common regulatory mechanism in the biosynthesis of bioactive secondary metabolites/natural products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Francisco Martín
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Paloma Liras
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Área de Microbiología, Universidad de León, 24071 León, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu TA, Stewart TM, Casero RA. The Synergistic Benefit of Combination Strategies Targeting Tumor Cell Polyamine Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8173. [PMID: 39125742 PMCID: PMC11311409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mammalian polyamines, including putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, are positively charged amines that are essential for all living cells including neoplastic cells. An increasing understanding of polyamine metabolism, its molecular functions, and its role in cancer has led to the interest in targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy, as the metabolism of polyamines is frequently dysregulated in neoplastic disease. In addition, due to compensatory mechanisms, combination therapies are clinically more promising, as agents can work synergistically to achieve an effect beyond that of each strategy as a single agent. In this article, the nature of polyamines, their association with carcinogenesis, and the potential use of targeting polyamine metabolism in treating and preventing cancer as well as combination therapies are described. The goal is to review the latest strategies for targeting polyamine metabolism, highlighting new avenues for exploiting aberrant polyamine homeostasis for anticancer therapy and the mechanisms behind them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ann Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh P, Choi JY, Mamoun CB. DAB-APT: a Fluorescence-Based Assay for Determining Aminopropyl Transferase Activity and Inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.09.588734. [PMID: 38645036 PMCID: PMC11030440 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.09.588734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Polyamines are polycationic molecules that are crucial in a wide array of cellular functions. Their biosynthesis is mediated by aminopropyl transferases (APTs), promising targets in antimicrobial, antineoplastic and antineurodegenerative therapies. A major limitation, however, is the lack of high-throughput assays to measure their activity. We developed the first fluorescence-based assay, DAB-APT, for measurement of APT activity using 1,2-diacetyl benzene, which forms fluorescent conjugates with putrescine, spermidine and spermine with fluorescence intensity increasing with increasing carbon chain length. The assay has been validated using APT enzymes from S. cerevisiae and P. falciparum and is suitable for high-throughput screening of large chemical libraries. Given the importance of APTs in infectious diseases, cancer and neurobiology, our DAB-APT assay has broad applications, holding promise for advancing research and drug discovery efforts.
Collapse
|
6
|
Salvail H, Balaji A, Roth A, Breaker RR. A spermidine riboswitch class in bacteria exploits a close variant of an aptamer for the enzyme cofactor S-adenosylmethionine. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113571. [PMID: 38096053 PMCID: PMC10853860 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polyamines such as spermidine and spermine cations have characteristics that make them highly likely to be sensed by riboswitches, such as their general affinity to polyanionic RNA and their broad contributions to cell physiology. Despite previous claims that polyamine riboswitches exist, evidence of their biological functions has remained unconvincing. Here, we report that rare variants of bacterial S-adenosylmethionine-I (SAM-I) riboswitches reject SAM and have adapted to selectively sense spermidine. These spermidine-sensing riboswitch variants are associated with genes whose protein products are directly involved in the production of spermidine and other polyamines. Biochemical and genetic assays demonstrate that representatives of this riboswitch class robustly function as genetic "off" switches, wherein spermidine binding causes premature transcription termination to suppress the expression of polyamine biosynthetic genes. These findings confirm the existence of natural spermidine-sensing riboswitches in bacteria and expand the list of variant riboswitch classes that have adapted to bind different ligands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Salvail
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Aparaajita Balaji
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Adam Roth
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA
| | - Ronald R Breaker
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8103, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xuan M, Gu X, Li J, Huang D, Xue C, He Y. Polyamines: their significance for maintaining health and contributing to diseases. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:348. [PMID: 38049863 PMCID: PMC10694995 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01373-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are essential for the growth and proliferation of mammalian cells and are intimately involved in biological mechanisms such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, protein synthesis, and post-translational modification. These mechanisms regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, programmed cell death, and the formation of tumors. Several studies have confirmed the positive effect of polyamines on the maintenance of health, while others have demonstrated that their activity may promote the occurrence and progression of diseases. This review examines a variety of topics, such as polyamine source and metabolism, including metabolism, transport, and the potential impact of polyamines on health and disease. In addition, a brief summary of the effects of oncogenes and signaling pathways on tumor polyamine metabolism is provided. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjuan Xuan
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xinyu Gu
- Department of Oncology, College of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, Henan, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Di Huang
- Department of Child Health Care, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Chen Xue
- Department of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| | - Yuting He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kang B, Wang X, An X, Ji C, Ling W, Qi Y, Li S, Jiang D. Polyamines in Ovarian Aging and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15330. [PMID: 37895010 PMCID: PMC10607840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian aging and disease-related decline in fertility are challenging medical and economic issues with an increasing prevalence. Polyamines are a class of polycationic alkylamines widely distributed in mammals. They are small molecules essential for cell growth and development. Polyamines alleviate ovarian aging through various biological processes, including reproductive hormone synthesis, cell metabolism, programmed cell death, etc. However, an abnormal increase in polyamine levels can lead to ovarian damage and promote the development of ovarian disease. Therefore, polyamines have long been considered potential therapeutic targets for aging and disease, but their regulatory roles in the ovary deserve further investigation. This review discusses the mechanisms by which polyamines ameliorate human ovarian aging and disease through different biological processes, such as autophagy and oxidative stress, to develop safe and effective polyamine targeted therapy strategies for ovarian aging and the diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Weikang Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yuxin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (X.W.); (X.A.); (C.J.); (W.L.); (Y.Q.); (S.L.)
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Covering: from 2000 up to the very early part of 2023S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) is a naturally occurring trialkyl sulfonium molecule that is typically associated with biological methyltransfer reactions. However, SAM is also known to donate methylene, aminocarboxypropyl, adenosyl and amino moieties during natural product biosynthetic reactions. The reaction scope is further expanded as SAM itself can be modified prior to the group transfer such that a SAM-derived carboxymethyl or aminopropyl moiety can also be transferred. Moreover, the sulfonium cation in SAM has itself been found to be critical for several other enzymatic transformations. Thus, while many SAM-dependent enzymes are characterized by a methyltransferase fold, not all of them are necessarily methyltransferases. Furthermore, other SAM-dependent enzymes do not possess such a structural feature suggesting diversification along different evolutionary lineages. Despite the biological versatility of SAM, it nevertheless parallels the chemistry of sulfonium compounds used in organic synthesis. The question thus becomes how enzymes catalyze distinct transformations via subtle differences in their active sites. This review summarizes recent advances in the discovery of novel SAM utilizing enzymes that rely on Lewis acid/base chemistry as opposed to radical mechanisms of catalysis. The examples are categorized based on the presence of a methyltransferase fold and the role played by SAM within the context of known sulfonium chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Daan Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Byungsun Jeon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| | - Hung-Wen Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology & Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Batth TS, Simonsen JL, Hernández-Rollán C, Brander S, Morth JP, Johansen KS, Nørholm MHH, Hoof JB, Olsen JV. A seven-transmembrane methyltransferase catalysing N-terminal histidine methylation of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4202. [PMID: 37452022 PMCID: PMC10349129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39875-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are oxidative enzymes that help break down lignocellulose, making them highly attractive for improving biomass utilization in industrial biotechnology. The catalytically essential N-terminal histidine (His1) of LPMOs is post-translationally modified by methylation in filamentous fungi to protect them from auto-oxidative inactivation, however, the responsible methyltransferase enzyme is unknown. Using mass-spectrometry-based quantitative proteomics in combination with systematic CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening in Aspergillus nidulans, we identify the N-terminal histidine methyltransferase (NHMT) encoded by the gene AN4663. Targeted proteomics confirm that NHMT was solely responsible for His1 methylation of LPMOs. NHMT is predicted to encode a unique seven-transmembrane segment anchoring a soluble methyltransferase domain. Co-localization studies show endoplasmic reticulum residence of NHMT and co-expression in the industrial production yeast Komagataella phaffii with LPMOs results in His1 methylation of the LPMOs. This demonstrates the biotechnological potential of recombinant production of proteins and peptides harbouring this specific post-translational modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanveer S Batth
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Jonas L Simonsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Cristina Hernández-Rollán
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Søren Brander
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jens Preben Morth
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja S Johansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Morten H H Nørholm
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jakob B Hoof
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Timm T, Hild C, Liebisch G, Rickert M, Lochnit G, Steinmeyer J. Functional Characterization of Lysophospholipids by Proteomic and Lipidomic Analysis of Fibroblast-like Synoviocytes. Cells 2023; 12:1743. [PMID: 37443777 PMCID: PMC10340184 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovial fluid (SF) from human knee joints with osteoarthritis (OA) has elevated levels of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) species, but their functional role is not well understood. This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that various LPCs found elevated in OA SF and their metabolites, lysophosphatidic acids (LPAs), modulate the abundance of proteins and phospholipids (PLs) in human fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), with even minute chemical variations in lysophospholipids determining the extent of regulation. Cultured FLSs (n = 5-7) were treated with one of the LPC species, LPA species, IL-1β, or a vehicle. Tandem mass tag peptide labeling coupled with LC-MS/MS/MS was performed to quantify proteins. The expression of mRNA from regulated proteins was analyzed using RT-PCR. PL synthesis was determined via ESI-MS/MS, and the release of radiolabeled PLs was determined by means of liquid scintillation counting. In total, 3960 proteins were quantified using multiplexed MS, of which 119, 8, and 3 were significantly and reproducibly regulated by IL-1β, LPC 16:0, and LPC 18:0, respectively. LPC 16:0 significantly inhibited the release of PLs and the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, LPC, and sphingomyelin. Neither LPC metabolite-LPA 16:0 nor LPA 18:0-had any reproducible effect on the levels of each protein. In conclusion, small chemical variations in LPC species can result in the significantly altered expression and secretion of proteins and PLs from FLSs. IL-1β influenced all proteins that were reproducibly regulated by LPC 16:0. LPC species are likely to modulate FLS protein expression only in more advanced OA stages with low IL-1β levels. None of the eight proteins being significantly regulated by LPC 16:0 have been previously reported in OA. However, our in vitro findings show that the CD81 antigen, calumenin, and B4E2C1 are promising candidates for further study, focusing in particular on their potential ability to modulate inflammatory and catabolic mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Timm
- Protein Analytics Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christiane Hild
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Department for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Rickert
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Guenter Lochnit
- Protein Analytics Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Juergen Steinmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Orthopedics, Department of Orthopedics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Chen Y, León-Letelier RA, Abdel Sater AH, Vykoukal J, Dennison JB, Hanash S, Fahrmann JF. c-MYC-Driven Polyamine Metabolism in Ovarian Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Early Detection and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:623. [PMID: 36765581 PMCID: PMC9913358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
c-MYC and its paralogues MYCN and MYCL are among the most frequently amplified and/or overexpressed oncoproteins in ovarian cancer. c-MYC plays a key role in promoting ovarian cancer initiation and progression. The polyamine pathway is a bona fide target of c-MYC signaling, and polyamine metabolism is strongly intertwined with ovarian malignancy. Targeting of the polyamine pathway via small molecule inhibitors has garnered considerable attention as a therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer. Herein, we discuss the involvement of c-MYC signaling and that of its paralogues in promoting ovarian cancer tumorigenesis. We highlight the potential of targeting c-MYC-driven polyamine metabolism for the treatment of ovarian cancers and the utility of polyamine signatures in biofluids for early detection applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Johannes F. Fahrmann
- Department of Clinical Cancer Prevention, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Islam A, Shaukat Z, Hussain R, Gregory SL. One-Carbon and Polyamine Metabolism as Cancer Therapy Targets. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121902. [PMID: 36551330 PMCID: PMC9775183 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer metabolic reprogramming is essential for maintaining cancer cell survival and rapid replication. A common target of this metabolic reprogramming is one-carbon metabolism which is notable for its function in DNA synthesis, protein and DNA methylation, and antioxidant production. Polyamines are a key output of one-carbon metabolism with widespread effects on gene expression and signaling. As a result of these functions, one-carbon and polyamine metabolism have recently drawn a lot of interest for their part in cancer malignancy. Therapeutic inhibitors that target one-carbon and polyamine metabolism have thus been trialed as anticancer medications. The significance and future possibilities of one-carbon and polyamine metabolism as a target in cancer therapy are discussed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anowarul Islam
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Zeeshan Shaukat
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5001, Australia
| | - Stephen L. Gregory
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-0466987583
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abril AG, Villa TG, Sánchez-Pérez Á, Notario V, Carrera M. The Role of the Gallbladder, the Intestinal Barrier and the Gut Microbiota in the Development of Food Allergies and Other Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14333. [PMID: 36430811 PMCID: PMC9696009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota present in the gastrointestinal tract is involved in the development or prevention of food allergies and autoimmune disorders; these bacteria can enter the gallbladder and, depending on the species involved, can either be benign or cause significant diseases. Occlusion of the gallbladder, usually due to the presence of calculi blocking the bile duct, facilitates microbial infection and inflammation, which can be serious enough to require life-saving surgery. In addition, the biliary salts are secreted into the intestine and can affect the gut microbiota. The interaction between the gut microbiota, pathogenic organisms, and the human immune system can create intestinal dysbiosis, generating a variety of syndromes including the development of food allergies and autoimmune disorders. The intestinal microbiota can aggravate certain food allergies, which become severe when the integrity of the intestinal barrier is affected, allowing bacteria, or their metabolites, to cross the intestinal barrier and invade the bloodstream, affecting distal body organs. This article deals with health conditions and severe diseases that are either influenced by the gut flora or caused by gallbladder obstruction and inflammation, as well as putative treatments for those illnesses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G. Abril
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Tomás G. Villa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ángeles Sánchez-Pérez
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Vicente Notario
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council, Marine Research Institute, 36208 Vigo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Unraveling the genetics of polyamine metabolism in barley for senescence-related crop improvement. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:585-603. [PMID: 36075308 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We explored the polyamine (PA) metabolic pathway genes in barley (Hv) to understand plant development and stress adaptation in Gramineae crops with emphasis on leaf senescence. Bioinformatics and functional genomics tools were utilized for genome-wide identification, comprehensive gene features, evolution, development and stress effects on the expression of the polyamine metabolic pathway gene families (PMGs). Three S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylases (HvSAMDCs), two ornithine decarboxylases (HvODCs), one arginine decarboxylase (HvADC), one spermidine synthase (HvSPDS), two spermine synthases (HvSPMSs), five copper amine oxidases (HvCuAOs) and seven polyamine oxidases (HvPAOs) members of PMGs were identified and characterized in barley. All the HvPMG genes were found to be distributed on all chromosomes of barley. The phylogenetic and comparative assessment revealed that PA metabolic pathway is highly conserved in plants and the prediction of nine H. vulgare miRNAs (hvu-miR) target sites, 18 protein-protein interactions and 961 putative CREs in the promoter region were discerned. Gene expression of HvSAMDC3, HvCuAO7, HvPAO4 and HvSPMS1 was apparent at every developmental stage. SPDS/SPMS gene family was found to be the most responsive to induced leaf senescence. This study provides a reference for the functional investigation of the molecular mechanism(s) that regulate polyamine metabolism in plants as a tool for future breeding decision management systems.
Collapse
|
16
|
Lian J, Liang Y, Zhang H, Lan M, Ye Z, Lin B, Qiu X, Zeng J. The role of polyamine metabolism in remodeling immune responses and blocking therapy within the tumor immune microenvironment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:912279. [PMID: 36119047 PMCID: PMC9479087 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of metabolism provides important information for understanding the biological basis of cancer cells and the defects of cancer treatment. Disorders of polyamine metabolism is a common metabolic change in cancer. With the deepening of understanding of polyamine metabolism, including molecular functions and changes in cancer, polyamine metabolism as a new anti-cancer strategy has become the focus of attention. There are many kinds of polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and transport inhibitors, but not many drugs have been put into clinical application. Recent evidence shows that polyamine metabolism plays essential roles in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), particularly treatment of DFMO, an inhibitor of ODC, alters the immune cell population in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor immunosuppression is a major problem in cancer treatment. More and more studies have shown that the immunosuppressive effect of polyamines can help cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumor development and progression. Therefore, targeting polyamine metabolic pathways is expected to become a new avenue for immunotherapy for cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachun Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanfang Liang
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
| | - Hailiang Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medical Technology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Minsheng Lan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ziyu Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Department of Pathology, Dongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
| | - Bihua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xianxiu Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jincheng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, The First Dongguan Affiliated Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
- Dongguan Metabolite Analysis Engineering Technology Center of Cells for Medical Use, Guangdong Xinghai Institute of Cell, Dongguan, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Bioactive Molecular Research for Department of Education of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Antitumor Active Substance Research and Development, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Involvement of Polyamines Catabolism in the Crosstalk between Neurons and Astrocytes in Neurodegeneration. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071756. [PMID: 35885061 PMCID: PMC9312548 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian cells, the content of polyamines is tightly regulated. Polyamines, including spermine, spermidine and putrescine, are involved in many cellular processes. Spermine oxidase specifically oxidizes spermine, and its deregulated activity has been reported to be linked to brain pathologies involving neuron damage. Spermine is a neuromodulator of a number of ionotropic glutamate receptors and types of ion channels. In this respect, the Dach-SMOX mouse model overexpressing spermine oxidase in the neocortex neurons was revealed to be a model of chronic oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and neuronal damage. Reactive astrocytosis, chronic oxidative and excitotoxic stress, neuron loss and the susceptibility to seizure in the Dach-SMOX are discussed here. This genetic model would help researchers understand the linkage between polyamine dysregulation and neurodegeneration and unveil the roles of polyamines in the crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons in neuroprotection or neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
18
|
Marcoli M, Cervetto C, Amato S, Fiorucci C, Maura G, Mariottini P, Cervelli M. Transgenic Mouse Overexpressing Spermine Oxidase in Cerebrocortical Neurons: Astrocyte Dysfunction and Susceptibility to Epileptic Seizures. Biomolecules 2022; 12:204. [PMID: 35204705 PMCID: PMC8961639 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are organic polycations ubiquitously present in living cells. Polyamines are involved in many cellular processes, and their content in mammalian cells is tightly controlled. Among their function, these molecules modulate the activity of several ion channels. Spermine oxidase, specifically oxidized spermine, is a neuromodulator of several types of ion channel and ionotropic glutamate receptors, and its deregulated activity has been linked to several brain pathologies, including epilepsy. The Dach-SMOX mouse line was generated using a Cre/loxP-based recombination approach to study the complex and critical functions carried out by spermine oxidase and spermine in the mammalian brain. This mouse genetic model overexpresses spermine oxidase in the neocortex and is a chronic model of excitotoxic/oxidative injury and neuron vulnerability to oxidative stress and excitotoxic, since its phenotype revealed to be more susceptible to different acute oxidative insults. In this review, the molecular mechanisms underlined the Dach-SMOX phenotype, linked to reactive astrocytosis, neuron loss, chronic oxidative and excitotoxic stress, and susceptibility to seizures have been discussed in detail. The Dach-SMOX mouse model overexpressing SMOX may help in shedding lights on the susceptibility to epileptic seizures, possibly helping to understand the mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis in vulnerable individuals and contributing to provide new molecular mechanism targets to search for novel antiepileptic drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
- Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of the 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research (Centro 3R), Lucio Lazzarino 1, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Cristian Fiorucci
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (S.A.); (G.M.)
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (P.M.)
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (P.M.)
- Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhu Y, Piao C, Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Kong C. The potential role of c-MYC and polyamine metabolism in multiple drug resistance in bladder cancer investigated by metabonomics. Genomics 2021; 114:125-137. [PMID: 34843906 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer has a high incidence worldwide accompanies by high recurrent rate after treatment. The emergence of primary or acquired chemotherapy resistance leads to poor efficacy in many cases. To explore the underlying mechanisms of drug resistance, we firstly established a drug-resistant cell model T24/THP by repeated exposure of T24 cells to pirarubicin (THP) whose concentration increases gradually. Non-targeted metabolomics was performed to identify metabolic changes and key metabolism pathways variance in T24/THP cells. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that the arginine and proline metabolic pathway was the most significantly changed pathway, where two representative members of polyamine, putrescine and spermidine were remarkably down regulated in T24/THP. Subsequent experiments further confirmed that ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) and spermidine synthase (SRM), the key enzymes involved in the synthesis of these compounds, also showed a stable low expression in T24/THP. However, knocking down of ODC1 and SRM sensitized cells to chemotherapy treatment while overexpression of these two enzymes enhances chemotherapy resistance. This leaded to the point that ODC1 and SRM themselves are more likely to promote the drug resistance, which appears to contradict their low expression in T24/THP. We hypothesize that their diminished levels were due to the declined activity of genes upstream. According to this line of thought, we found that c-MYC was also down-regulated in T24/THP and its content could be significantly affected by drug administration. In addition, c-MYC could not only regulate the expression levels of ODC1 and SRM but also influence drug resistance in T24/THP. In conclusion, alterations in gene expression of ODC1 and SRM in drug resistance cell line is probably mediated by some upstream regulators rather than antineoplastic agents alone. Exploration of upstream signals and research on detailed regulatory mechanism, thereby understanding the actual role of c-MYC and polyamine in response to chemotherapy, can become a potential field direction to overcome drug resistance in bladder cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhu
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Chiyuan Piao
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China..
| | - Chuize Kong
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, PR China..
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tantak MP, Sekhar V, Tao X, Zhai RG, Phanstiel O. Development of a Redox-Sensitive Spermine Prodrug for the Potential Treatment of Snyder Robinson Syndrome. J Med Chem 2021; 64:15593-15607. [PMID: 34695351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Snyder Robinson Syndrome (SRS) is a rare disease associated with a defective spermine synthase gene and low intracellular spermine levels. In this study, a spermine replacement therapy was developed using a spermine prodrug that enters cells via the polyamine transport system. The prodrug was comprised of three components: a redox-sensitive quinone "trigger", a "trimethyl lock (TML)" aryl "release mechanism", and spermine. The presence of spermine in the design facilitated uptake by the polyamine transport system. The quinone-TML motifs provided a redox-sensitive agent, which upon intracellular reduction generated a hydroquinone, which underwent intramolecular cyclization to release free spermine and a lactone byproduct. Rewardingly, most SRS fibroblasts treated with the prodrug revealed a significant increase in intracellular spermine. Administering the spermine prodrug through feeding in a Drosophila model of SRS showed significant beneficial effects. In summary, a spermine prodrug is developed and provides a lead compound for future spermine replacement therapy experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mukund P Tantak
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Vandana Sekhar
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| | - Xianzun Tao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Otto Phanstiel
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, 12722 Research Parkway, Orlando, Florida 32826-3227, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Cervetto C, Averna M, Vergani L, Pedrazzi M, Amato S, Pelassa S, Giuliani S, Baldini F, Maura G, Mariottini P, Marcoli M, Cervelli M. Reactive Astrocytosis in a Mouse Model of Chronic Polyamine Catabolism Activation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1274. [PMID: 34572487 PMCID: PMC8467798 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the brain, polyamines are mainly synthesized in neurons, but preferentially accumulated in astrocytes, and are proposed to be involved in neurodegenerative/neuroinflammatory disorders and neuron injury. A transgenic mouse overexpressing spermine oxidase (SMOX, which specifically oxidizes spermine) in the neocortex neurons (Dach-SMOX mouse) was proved to be a model of increased susceptibility to excitotoxic injury. METHODS To investigate possible alterations in synapse functioning in Dach-SMOX mouse, both cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) and astrocytic processes (gliosomes) were analysed by assessing polyamine levels, ezrin and vimentin content, glutamate AMPA receptor activation, calcium influx, and catalase activity. RESULTS The main findings are as follows: (i) the presence of functional calcium-permeable AMPA receptors in synaptosomes from both control and Dach-SMOX mice, and in gliosomes from Dach-SMOX mice only; (ii) reduced content of spermine in gliosomes from Dach-SMOX mice; and (iii) down-regulation and up-regulation of catalase activity in synaptosomes and gliosomes, respectively, from Dach-SMOX mice. CONCLUSIONS Chronic activation of SMOX in neurons leads to major changes in the astrocyte processes including reduced spermine levels, increased calcium influx through calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, and stimulation of catalase activity. Astrocytosis and the astrocyte process alterations, depending on chronic activation of polyamine catabolism, result in synapse dysregulation and neuronal suffering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cervetto
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Monica Averna
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Laura Vergani
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Marco Pedrazzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biochemistry, University of Genova, Viale Benedetto XV 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Sarah Amato
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Simone Pelassa
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Stefano Giuliani
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Francesca Baldini
- Department of Earth, Environment and Life Sciences (DISTAV), University of Genova, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (L.V.); (F.B.)
| | - Guido Maura
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Paolo Mariottini
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (P.M.)
| | - Manuela Marcoli
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genova, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148 Genoa, Italy; (C.C.); (S.A.); (S.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Manuela Cervelli
- Department of Science, University of Rome “Roma Tre”, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy; (S.G.); (P.M.)
- Neurodevelopment, Neurogenetics and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Metabolomic Reprogramming of C57BL/6-Macrophages during Early Infection with L. amazonensis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136883. [PMID: 34206906 PMCID: PMC8267886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmania survival inside macrophages depends on factors that lead to the immune response evasion during the infection. In this context, the metabolic scenario of the host cell-parasite relationship can be crucial to understanding how this parasite can survive inside host cells due to the host's metabolic pathways reprogramming. In this work, we aimed to analyze metabolic networks of bone marrow-derived macrophages from C57BL/6 mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis wild type (La-WT) or arginase knocked out (La-arg-), using the untargeted Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry (CE-MS) approach to assess metabolomic profile. Macrophages showed specific changes in metabolite abundance upon Leishmania infection, as well as in the absence of parasite-arginase. The absence of L. amazonensis-arginase promoted the regulation of both host and parasite urea cycle, glycine and serine metabolism, ammonia recycling, metabolism of arginine, proline, aspartate, glutamate, spermidine, spermine, methylhistidine, and glutathione metabolism. The increased L-arginine, L-citrulline, L-glutamine, oxidized glutathione, S-adenosylmethionine, N-acetylspermidine, trypanothione disulfide, and trypanothione levels were observed in La-WT-infected C57BL/6-macrophage compared to uninfected. The absence of parasite arginase increased L-arginine, argininic acid, and citrulline levels and reduced ornithine, putrescine, S-adenosylmethionine, glutamic acid, proline, N-glutamyl-alanine, glutamyl-arginine, trypanothione disulfide, and trypanothione when compared to La-WT infected macrophage. Moreover, the absence of parasite arginase leads to an increase in NO production levels and a higher infectivity rate at 4 h of infection. The data presented here show a host-dependent regulation of metabolomic profiles of C57BL/6 macrophages compared to the previously observed BALB/c macrophages infected with L. amazonensis, an important fact due to the dual and contrasting macrophage phenotypes of those mice. In addition, the Leishmania-arginase showed interference with the urea cycle, glycine, and glutathione metabolism during host-pathogen interactions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Peng Q, Wong CYP, Cheuk IWY, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094382. [PMID: 33922247 PMCID: PMC8122740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +85-235-052-625 (C.-F.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Le VTB, Tsimbalyuk S, Lim EQ, Solis A, Gawat D, Boeck P, Lim EQ, Renolo R, Forwood JK, Kuhn ML. The Vibrio cholerae SpeG Spermidine/Spermine N-Acetyltransferase Allosteric Loop and β6-β7 Structural Elements Are Critical for Kinetic Activity. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:645768. [PMID: 33928120 PMCID: PMC8076852 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.645768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyamines regulate many important biological processes including gene expression, intracellular signaling, and biofilm formation. Their intracellular concentrations are tightly regulated by polyamine transport systems and biosynthetic and catabolic pathways. Spermidine/spermine N-acetyltransferases (SSATs) are catabolic enzymes that acetylate polyamines and are critical for maintaining intracellular polyamine homeostasis. These enzymes belong to the Gcn5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) superfamily and adopt a highly conserved fold found across all kingdoms of life. SpeG is an SSAT protein found in a variety of bacteria, including the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae. This protein adopts a dodecameric structure and contains an allosteric site, making it unique compared to other SSATs. Currently, we have a limited understanding of the critical structural components of this protein that are required for its allosteric behavior. Therefore, we explored the importance of two key regions of the SpeG protein on its kinetic activity. To achieve this, we created various constructs of the V. cholerae SpeG protein, including point mutations, a deletion, and chimeras with residues from the structurally distinct and non-allosteric human SSAT protein. We measured enzyme kinetic activity toward spermine for ten constructs and crystallized six of them. Ultimately, we identified specific portions of the allosteric loop and the β6-β7 structural elements that were critical for enzyme kinetic activity. These results provide a framework for further study of the structure/function relationship of SpeG enzymes from other organisms and clues toward the structural evolution of members of the GNAT family across domains of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Van Thi Bich Le
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sofiya Tsimbalyuk
- School of Biomedical Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Ee Qi Lim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Allan Solis
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Darwin Gawat
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Paloma Boeck
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ee Qing Lim
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Rosselini Renolo
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jade K. Forwood
- School of Biomedical Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Misty L. Kuhn
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li J, Meng Y, Wu X, Sun Y. Polyamines and related signaling pathways in cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:539. [PMID: 33292222 PMCID: PMC7643453 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are aliphatic compounds with more than two amino groups that play various important roles in human cells. In cancer, polyamine metabolism dysfunction often occurs, and regulatory mechanisms of polyamine. This review summarizes the existing research on the metabolism and transport of polyamines to study the association of oncogenes and related signaling pathways with polyamines in tumor cells. Drugs that regulate enzymes have been developed for cancer treatment, and in the future, more attention should be paid to treatment strategies that simultaneously modulate polyamine metabolism and carcinogenic signaling pathways. In addition, the polyamine pathway is a potential target for cancer chemoprevention. As an irreversible suicide inhibitor of the ornithine decarboxylase (a vital enzyme of polyamine synthesis), Difluoro-methylornithine had been shown to have the chemoprevention effect on cancer. Therefore, we summarized and analyzed the chemoprophylaxis effect of the difluoromethylornithine in this systematic review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Prostate Diseases Prevention and Treatment Research Center, College of Basic Medical Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxin Sun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kapfhamer D, McKenna J, Yoon CJ, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA, Gambello MJ. Ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme of polyamine synthesis, modifies brain pathology in a mouse model of tuberous sclerosis complex. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 29:2395-2407. [PMID: 32588887 PMCID: PMC7424721 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable expressivity. TSC results from inactivating variants within the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, leading to constitutive activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 signaling. Using a mouse model of TSC (Tsc2-RG) in which the Tsc2 gene is deleted in radial glial precursors and their neuronal and glial descendants, we observed increased ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) enzymatic activity and concentration of its product, putrescine. To test if increased ODC activity and dysregulated polyamine metabolism contribute to the neurodevelopmental defects of Tsc2-RG mice, we used pharmacologic and genetic approaches to reduce ODC activity in Tsc2-RG mice, followed by histologic assessment of brain development. We observed that decreasing ODC activity and putrescine levels in Tsc2-RG mice worsened many of the neurodevelopmental phenotypes, including brain growth and neuronal migration defects, astrogliosis and oxidative stress. These data suggest a protective effect of increased ODC activity and elevated putrescine that modify the phenotype in this developmental Tsc2-RG model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Kapfhamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - James McKenna
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Caroline J Yoon
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert A Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Gambello
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liang W, Yamahara K, Hernando-Erhard C, Lagies S, Wanner N, Liang H, Schell C, Kammerer B, Huber TB, Bork T. A reciprocal regulation of spermidine and autophagy in podocytes maintains the filtration barrier. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1434-1448. [PMID: 32603735 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Podocyte maintenance and stress resistance are exquisitely based on high basal rates of autophagy making these cells a unique model to unravel mechanisms of autophagy regulation. Polyamines have key cellular functions such as proliferation, nucleic acid biosynthesis and autophagy. Here we test whether endogenous spermidine signaling is a driver of basal and dynamic autophagy in podocytes by using genetic and pharmacologic approaches to interfere with different steps of polyamine metabolism. Translational studies revealed altered spermidine signaling in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in vivo and in vitro. Exogenous spermidine supplementation emerged as new treatment strategy by successfully activating autophagy in vivo via inhibition of EP300, a protein with an essential role in controlling cell growth, cell division and prompting cells to differentiate to take on specialized functions. Surprisingly, gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy based untargeted metabolomics of wild type and autophagy deficient primary podocytes revealed a positive feedback mechanism whereby autophagy itself maintains polyamine metabolism and spermidine synthesis. The transcription factor MAFB acted as an upstream regulator of polyamine metabolism. Thus, our data highlight a novel positive feedback loop of autophagy and spermidine signaling allowing maintenance of high basal levels of autophagy as a key mechanism to sustain the filtration barrier. Hence, spermidine supplementation may emerge as a new therapeutic to restore autophagy in glomerular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liang
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Division of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kosuke Yamahara
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Camila Hernando-Erhard
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Huan Liang
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schell
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Institute of Surgical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Center for Biological Systems Analysis, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; BIOSS Centre of Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Tillmann Bork
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo Y, Ye Q, Deng P, Cao Y, He D, Zhou Z, Wang C, Zaytseva YY, Schwartz CE, Lee EY, Evers BM, Morris AJ, Liu S, She QB. Spermine synthase and MYC cooperate to maintain colorectal cancer cell survival by repressing Bim expression. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3243. [PMID: 32591507 PMCID: PMC7320137 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17067-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of polyamine metabolism has been linked to the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the underlying mechanism is incompletely characterized. Here, we report that spermine synthase (SMS), a polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, is overexpressed in CRC. Targeted disruption of SMS in CRC cells results in spermidine accumulation, which inhibits FOXO3a acetylation and allows subsequent translocation to the nucleus to transcriptionally induce expression of the proapoptotic protein Bim. However, this induction is blunted by MYC-driven expression of miR-19a and miR-19b that repress Bim production. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of MYC activity in SMS-depleted CRC cells dramatically induces Bim expression and apoptosis and causes tumor regression, but these effects are profoundly attenuated by silencing Bim. These findings uncover a key survival signal in CRC through convergent repression of Bim expression by distinct SMS- and MYC-mediated signaling pathways. Thus, combined inhibition of SMS and MYC signaling may be an effective therapy for CRC. Polyamine metabolism is frequently dysregulated in cancers. Here, the authors show that a polyamine biosynthetic enzyme, spermine synthase, is overexpressed in colorectal cancers and cooperates with MYC to prevent cancer cell apoptosis by repression of proapoptotic protein, Bim.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yubin Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Qing Ye
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Pan Deng
- Superfund Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Yanan Cao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Daheng He
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Zhaohe Zhou
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky College of Public Health, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | | | - Eun Y Lee
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and the Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 510515, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qing-Bai She
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, 40506, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cui Z, Overbay J, Wang X, Liu X, Zhang Y, Bhardwaj M, Lemke A, Wiegmann D, Niro G, Thorson JS, Ducho C, Van Lanen SG. Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent alkyl transfer in nucleoside antibiotic biosynthesis. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:904-911. [PMID: 32483377 PMCID: PMC7377962 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Several nucleoside antibiotics are structurally characterized by a 5′′-amino-5′′-deoxyribose (ADR) appended via a glycosidic bond to a high-carbon sugar nucleoside, (5′S,6′S)-5′-C-glycyluridine (GlyU). GlyU is further modified with an N-alkylamine linker, the biosynthetic origins of which have yet to be established. By using a combination of feeding experiments with isotopically labeled precursors and characterization of recombinant proteins from multiple pathways, the biosynthetic mechanism for N-alkylamine installation for ADR-GlyU-containing nucleoside antibiotics has been uncovered. The data reveal S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) as the direct precursor of the N-alkylamine, but unlike conventional AdoMet- or decarboxylated AdoMet-dependent alkyltransferases, the reaction is catalyzed by a pyridoxal-5′-phophosate (PLP)-dependent aminobutyryltransferase (ABTase) using a stepwise γ-replacement mechanism that couples γ-elimination of AdoMet with aza-γ-addition onto the disaccharide alkyl acceptor. In addition to utilizing a conceptually different strategy for AdoMet-dependent alkylation, the newly discovered ABTases require a phosphorylated disaccharide alkyl acceptor, revealing a cryptic intermediate in the biosynthetic pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Overbay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Xiachang Wang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substance of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Minakshi Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anke Lemke
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Daniel Wiegmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Giuliana Niro
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Christian Ducho
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Steven G Van Lanen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yadav DK, Kumar S, Teli MK, Yadav R, Chaudhary S. Molecular Targets for Malarial Chemotherapy: A Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:861-873. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190603080000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The malaria parasite resistance to the existing drugs is a serious problem to the currently used
antimalarials and, thus, highlights the urgent need to develop new and effective anti-malarial molecules.
This could be achieved either by the identification of the new drugs for the validated targets or by further
refining/improving the existing antimalarials; or by combining previously effective agents with
new/existing drugs to have a synergistic effect that counters parasite resistance; or by identifying novel
targets for the malarial chemotherapy. In this review article, a comprehensive collection of some of the
novel molecular targets has been enlisted for the antimalarial drugs. The targets which could be deliberated
for developing new anti-malarial drugs could be: membrane biosynthesis, mitochondrial system,
apicoplasts, parasite transporters, shikimate pathway, hematin crystals, parasite proteases, glycolysis,
isoprenoid synthesis, cell cycle control/cycline dependent kinase, redox system, nucleic acid metabolism,
methionine cycle and the polyamines, folate metabolism, the helicases, erythrocyte G-protein, and
farnesyl transferases. Modern genomic tools approaches such as structural biology and combinatorial
chemistry, novel targets could be identified followed by drug development for drug resistant strains providing
wide ranges of novel targets in the development of new therapy. The new approaches and targets
mentioned in the manuscript provide a basis for the development of new unique strategies for antimalarial
therapy with limited off-target effects in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dharmendra K. Yadav
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Surendra Kumar
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Mahesh K. Teli
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Hambakmoeiro, 191, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 406-799, South Korea
| | - Ravikant Yadav
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur-302017, India
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur-302017, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hidese R, Toyoda M, Yoshino KI, Fukuda W, Wihardja GA, Kimura S, Fujita J, Niitsu M, Oshima T, Imanaka T, Mizohata E, Fujiwara S. The C-terminal flexible region of branched-chain polyamine synthase facilitates substrate specificity and catalysis. FEBS J 2019; 286:3926-3940. [PMID: 31162806 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain polyamine synthase (BpsA) catalyzes sequential aminopropyl transfer from the donor, decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM), to the acceptor, linear-chain polyamine, resulting in the production of a quaternary-branched polyamine via tertiary branched polyamine intermediates. Here, we analyzed the catalytic properties and X-ray crystal structure of Tth-BpsA from Thermus thermophilus and compared them with those of Tk-BpsA from Thermococcus kodakarensis, which revealed differences in acceptor substrate specificity and C-terminal structure between these two enzymes. To investigate the role of the C-terminal flexible region in acceptor recognition, a region (QDEEATTY) in Tth-BpsA was replaced with that in Tk-BpsA (YDDEESSTT) to create chimeric Tth-BpsA C9, which showed a severe reduction in catalytic efficiency toward N4 -aminopropylnorspermidine, but not toward N4 -aminopropylspermidine, mimicking Tk-BpsA substrate specificity. Tth-BpsA C9 Tyr346 and Thr354 contributed to discrimination between tertiary branched-chain polyamine substrates, suggesting that the C-terminal region of BpsA recognizes acceptor substrates. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis on a Tk-BpsA reaction mixture with dcSAM revealed two aminopropyl groups bound to two of five aspartate/glutamate residues (Glu339 , Asp342 , Asp343 , Glu344 , and Glu345 ) in the C-terminal flexible region. Mutating each of these five amino acid residues to asparagine/glutamine resulted in a slight decrease in activity. The quadruple mutant D342N/D343N/E344Q/E345Q exhibited a severe reduction in catalytic efficiency, suggesting that these aspartate/glutamate residues function to receive aminopropyl chains. In addition, the X-ray crystal structure of the Tk-BpsA ternary complex bound to N4 -bis(aminopropyl)spermidine revealed that Asp126 and Glu259 interacted with the aminopropyl moiety in N4 -aminopropylspermidine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hidese
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Masataka Toyoda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Wakao Fukuda
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Gita Adhirani Wihardja
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Seigo Kimura
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| | - Junso Fujita
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Masaru Niitsu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, Sakado, Japan
| | - Tairo Oshima
- Institute of Environmental Microbiology, Kyowa-kako Co., Ltd, Machida, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Imanaka
- The Research Organization of Science & Technology, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
| | - Eiichi Mizohata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Kawaguchi, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei-Gakuin University, Sanda, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Rocha RO, Wilson RA. Essential, deadly, enigmatic: Polyamine metabolism and roles in fungal cells. FUNGAL BIOL REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbr.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
33
|
Polyamines in Microalgae: Something Borrowed, Something New. Mar Drugs 2018; 17:md17010001. [PMID: 30577419 PMCID: PMC6356823 DOI: 10.3390/md17010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae of different evolutionary origins are typically found in rivers, lakes, and oceans, providing more than 45% of global primary production. They provide not only a food source for animals, but also affect microbial ecosystems through symbioses with microorganisms or secretion of some metabolites. Derived from amino acids, polyamines are present in almost all types of organisms, where they play important roles in maintaining physiological functions or against stress. Microalgae can produce a variety of distinct polyamines, and the polyamine content is important to meet the physiological needs of microalgae and may also affect other species in the environment. In addition, some polyamines produced by microalgae have medical or nanotechnological applications. Previous studies on several types of microalgae have indicated that the putative polyamine metabolic pathways may be as complicated as the genomes of these organisms, which contain genes originating from plants, animals, and even bacteria. There are also several novel polyamine synthetic routes in microalgae. Understanding the nature of polyamines in microalgae will not only improve our knowledge of microalgal physiology and ecological function, but also provide valuable information for biotechnological applications.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Advances in our understanding of the metabolism and molecular functions of polyamines and their alterations in cancer have led to resurgence in the interest of targeting polyamine metabolism as an anticancer strategy. Increasing knowledge of the interplay between polyamine metabolism and other cancer-driving pathways, including the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), WNT signalling and RAS pathways, suggests potential combination therapies that will have considerable clinical promise. Additionally, an expanding number of promising clinical trials with agents targeting polyamines for both therapy and prevention are ongoing. New insights into molecular mechanisms linking dysregulated polyamine catabolism and carcinogenesis suggest additional strategies that can be used for cancer prevention in at-risk individuals. In addition, polyamine blocking therapy, a strategy that combines the inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with the simultaneous blockade of polyamine transport, can be more effective than therapies based on polyamine depletion alone and may involve an antitumour immune response. These findings open up new avenues of research into exploiting aberrant polyamine metabolism for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Casero
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tracy Murray Stewart
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anthony E Pegg
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
The polyamines spermidine, spermine, and their precursor putrescine are organic polycations involved in various cellular processes and are absolutely essential for cellular proliferation. Because of their crucial function in the cell, their intracellular concentration must be maintained at optimal levels. To a large extent, this regulation is achieved through the activity of an autoregulatory loop that involves two proteins, antizyme (Az) and antizyme inhibitor (AzI), that regulate the first enzyme in polyamine biosynthesis, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and polyamine uptake activity in response to intracellular polyamine levels. In this Minireview, I will discuss what has been learned about the mechanism of Az expression and its physical interaction with both ODC and AzI in the regulation of polyamines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaim Kahana
- From the Department of Molecular Genetics, the Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Structure–activity relationship of polyamine conjugates for uptake via polyamine transport system. Struct Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-018-1175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
37
|
Kang B, Xu Q, Chen Z, Wu Y, Yang S, Yang X, Zhang Z, Jiang D. Characterization of goose SPMS: Molecular characterization and expression profiling of SPMS in the goose ovary. Reprod Biol 2018; 18:60-65. [PMID: 29336947 DOI: 10.1016/j.repbio.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Spermine synthase (SPMS), which converts spermidine into spermine, is essential for normal cell growth and development processes in humans and other mammals, but the molecular characterization and expression profiling of the SPMS gene remain undetermined in goose tissues and ovarian follicles. In this study, the SPMS cDNA sequence of the Sichuan white goose was cloned and analysed, and SPMS mRNA expression was profiled in various tissues and ovarian follicles. The results showed that the open reading frame of the SPMS cDNA sequence was 1092 bp in length, encoding 363 amino acids with a molecular weight of 41 kDa. Among all the examined tissues, SPMS expression was highest in the spleen and cerebrum and lowest in the breast and thigh muscles. SPMS expression in the F1 follicle was significantly higher than that in the POF (except for POF2) (P < 0.05). Our results indicate that SPMS might play an important role in follicular development and ovulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qilin Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chengdu Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Su Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xicheng Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
Abstract
Clinical practice and experimental studies have shown the necessity of sufficient quantities of folic acid intake for normal embryogenesis and fetal development in the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) and neurological malformations. So, women of childbearing age must be sure to have an adequate folate intake periconceptionally, prior to and during pregnancy. Folic acid fortification of all enriched cereal grain product flour has been implemented in many countries. Thus, hundreds of thousands of people have been exposed to an increased intake of folic acid. Folate plays an essential role in the biosynthesis of methionine. Methionine is the principal aminopropyl donor required for polyamine biosynthesis, which is up-regulated in actively growing cells, including cancer cells. Folates are important in RNA and DNA synthesis, DNA stability and integrity. Clinical and epidemiological evidence links folate deficiency to DNA damage and cancer. On the other hand, long-term folate oversupplementation leads to adverse toxic effects, resulting in the appearance of malignancy. Considering the relationship of polyamines and rapidly proliferating tissues (especially cancers), there is a need for better investigation of the relationship between the ingestion of high amounts of folic acid in food supplementation and polyamine metabolism, related to malignant processes in the human body.
Collapse
|
39
|
Li C, Brazill JM, Liu S, Bello C, Zhu Y, Morimoto M, Cascio L, Pauly R, Diaz-Perez Z, Malicdan MCV, Wang H, Boccuto L, Schwartz CE, Gahl WA, Boerkoel CF, Zhai RG. Spermine synthase deficiency causes lysosomal dysfunction and oxidative stress in models of Snyder-Robinson syndrome. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1257. [PMID: 29097652 PMCID: PMC5668419 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01289-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are tightly regulated polycations that are essential for life. Loss-of-function mutations in spermine synthase (SMS), a polyamine biosynthesis enzyme, cause Snyder-Robinson syndrome (SRS), an X-linked intellectual disability syndrome; however, little is known about the neuropathogenesis of the disease. Here we show that loss of dSms in Drosophila recapitulates the pathological polyamine imbalance of SRS and causes survival defects and synaptic degeneration. SMS deficiency leads to excessive spermidine catabolism, which generates toxic metabolites that cause lysosomal defects and oxidative stress. Consequently, autophagy-lysosome flux and mitochondrial function are compromised in the Drosophila nervous system and SRS patient cells. Importantly, oxidative stress caused by loss of SMS is suppressed by genetically or pharmacologically enhanced antioxidant activity. Our findings uncover some of the mechanisms underlying the pathological consequences of abnormal polyamine metabolism in the nervous system and may provide potential therapeutic targets for treating SRS and other polyamine-associated neurological disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer M Brazill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Sha Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Christofer Bello
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Marie Morimoto
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lauren Cascio
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Rini Pauly
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Zoraida Diaz-Perez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - May Christine V Malicdan
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Hongbo Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China
| | - Luigi Boccuto
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - Charles E Schwartz
- JC Self Research Institute, Greenwood Genetic Center, Greenwood, SC, 29646, USA
| | - William A Gahl
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Cornelius F Boerkoel
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Section of Human Biochemical Genetics, Medical Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - R Grace Zhai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation (Yantai University), Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, 264005, China.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dempsey DR, Nichols DA, Battistini MR, Pemberton O, Ospina SR, Zhang X, Carpenter AM, O'Flynn BG, Leahy JW, Kanwar A, Lewandowski EM, Chen Y, Merkler DJ. Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Agmatine N-Acetyltransferase, an Enzyme that Catalyzes the Formation of N-Acetylagmatine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13432. [PMID: 29044148 PMCID: PMC5647378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13669-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Agmatine N-acetyltransferase (AgmNAT) catalyzes the formation of N-acetylagmatine from acetyl-CoA and agmatine. Herein, we provide evidence that Drosophila melanogaster AgmNAT (CG15766) catalyzes the formation of N-acetylagmatine using an ordered sequential mechanism; acetyl-CoA binds prior to agmatine to generate an AgmNAT•acetyl-CoA•agmatine ternary complex prior to catalysis. Additionally, we solved a crystal structure for the apo form of AgmNAT with an atomic resolution of 2.3 Å, which points towards specific amino acids that may function in catalysis or active site formation. Using the crystal structure, primary sequence alignment, pH-activity profiles, and site-directed mutagenesis, we evaluated a series of active site amino acids in order to assign their functional roles in AgmNAT. More specifically, pH-activity profiles identified at least one catalytically important, ionizable group with an apparent pKa of ~7.5, which corresponds to the general base in catalysis, Glu-34. Moreover, these data led to a proposed chemical mechanism, which is consistent with the structure and our biochemical analysis of AgmNAT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.,Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Derek A Nichols
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States.,Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Matthew R Battistini
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
| | - Orville Pemberton
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
| | | | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
| | - Anne-Marie Carpenter
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.,University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0216, United States
| | - Brian G O'Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
| | - James W Leahy
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States.,Florida Center of Excellence for Drug Discovery and Innovation, 3720 Spectrum Boulevard, Suite 305, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Ankush Kanwar
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States
| | - Eric M Lewandowski
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33612, United States.
| | - David J Merkler
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, 33620, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hidese R, Im KH, Kobayashi M, Niitsu M, Furuchi T, Fujiwara S. Identification of a novel acetylated form of branched-chain polyamine from a hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2017; 81:1845-1849. [PMID: 28678603 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2017.1345616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Long/branched-chain polyamines are unique polycations found in thermophiles. The hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus kodakarensis contains spermidine and a branched-chain polyamine, N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine, as major polyamines. The metabolic pathways associated with branched-chain polyamines remain unknown. Here, we used gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analyses to identify a new acetylated polyamine, N4-bis(aminopropyl)-N1-acetylspermidine, from T. kodakarensis; this polyamine was not found in other micro-organisms. The amounts of branched-chain polyamine and its acetylated form increased with temperature, indicating that branched-chain polyamines are important for growth at higher temperatures. The amount of quaternary acetylated polyamine produced was associated with the amount of N4-bis(aminopropyl)spermidine in the cell. The ratio of acetylated to non-acetylated forms was higher in the stationary phase than in the logarithmic growth phase under high-temperature stress condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hidese
- a Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kwansei-Gakuin University , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Ki-Hwan Im
- a Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kwansei-Gakuin University , Hyogo , Japan
| | - Masaki Kobayashi
- b Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Josai University , Sakado , Japan
| | - Masaru Niitsu
- b Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Josai University , Sakado , Japan
| | - Takemitsu Furuchi
- b Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences , Josai University , Sakado , Japan
| | - Shinsuke Fujiwara
- a Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kwansei-Gakuin University , Hyogo , Japan.,c Research Center for Intelligent Bio-Materials, Graduate School of Science and Technology , Kwansei-Gakuin University , Hyogo , Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Targeting polyamine metabolism for cancer therapy and prevention. Biochem J 2017; 473:2937-53. [PMID: 27679855 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The chemically simple, biologically complex eukaryotic polyamines, spermidine and spermine, are positively charged alkylamines involved in many crucial cellular processes. Along with their diamine precursor putrescine, their normally high intracellular concentrations require fine attenuation by multiple regulatory mechanisms to keep these essential molecules within strict physiologic ranges. Since the metabolism of and requirement for polyamines are frequently dysregulated in neoplastic disease, the metabolic pathway and functions of polyamines provide rational drug targets; however, these targets have been difficult to exploit for chemotherapy. It is the goal of this article to review the latest findings in the field that demonstrate the potential utility of targeting the metabolism and function of polyamines as strategies for both chemotherapy and, possibly more importantly, chemoprevention.
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Z, Liu P, Qi D, Peng X, Liu G. Enhancement of cold and salt tolerance of Arabidopsis by transgenic expression of the S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene from Leymus chinensis. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 211:90-99. [PMID: 28178573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Leymus chinensis is an important perennial forage grass natively distributed in the Eurasian Steppe. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of its adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. Based on L. chinensis cold-treated sequence database, a highly expressed S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase gene (LcSAMDC1) was isolated from L. chinensis. Gene structure analysis showed that LcSAMDC1 has two introns and three exons as well as three non-overlapping ORFs in its mRNA sequence. One hour of cold exposure caused a significant up-regulation of LcSAMDC1, while abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and osmotic stresses slightly induced its expression. Analysis of gene expression in different tissues showed that LcSAMDC1 was expressed ubiquitously, with higher levels in the young spike and rhizome. Overexpression of the main ORF of LcSAMDC1 in transgenic Arabidopsis promoted increased tolerance to cold and salt stress relative to wild type Arabidopsis. The concentration of polyamines, proline, and chlorophyll was significantly higher in transgenic Arabidopsis, and spermine of polyamines increased more under cold than under salt stress. These results suggest that LcSAMDC1 was induced in response to cold and could influence the production of polyamines involved in stress tolerance of L. chinensis. Moreover, transgenic expression of LcSAMDC1 could be used to improve the abiotic resistance of crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhujiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Panpan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dongmei Qi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianjun Peng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gongshe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Gevrekci AÖ. Fission Yeast srm1 is Involved in Stress Response and Cell Cycle. Curr Microbiol 2017; 74:725-731. [PMID: 28345120 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-017-1241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are well-conserved, multifunctional polycations that contribute to a number of processes in the cells such as cell cycle, apoptosis, stress response, and gene expression. Therefore, polyamine levels should be kept under strict regulation by specific polyamine transporters and polyamine synthases. In this study, the aim is to experimentally characterize a predicted spermidine synthase gene srm1, which was identified upon sequence similarity, in fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In an attempt to understand the role of this gene in cell cycle and stress response, deletion mutant of srm1 was generated and analyzed in terms of cell cycle regulation and environmental stress response. The results showed that srm1Δ cells had elongated cell size and were sensitive to osmotic stress, while they showed no sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental characterization of srm1 gene and its role in cell cycle progression and stress response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aslıhan Örs Gevrekci
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Başkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sprenger J, Carey J, Svensson B, Wengel V, Persson L. Binding and Inhibition of Spermidine Synthase from Plasmodium falciparum and Implications for In Vitro Inhibitor Testing. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163442. [PMID: 27661085 PMCID: PMC5035006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aminopropyltransferase spermidine synthase (SpdS) is a promising drug target in cancer and in protozoan diseases including malaria. Plasmodium falciparum SpdS (PfSpdS) transfers the aminopropyl group of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcAdoMet) to putrescine or to spermidine to form spermidine or spermine, respectively. In an effort to understand why efficient inhibitors of PfSpdS have been elusive, the present study uses enzyme activity assays and isothermal titration calorimetry with verified or predicted inhibitors of PfSpdS to analyze the relationship between binding affinity as assessed by KD and inhibitory activity as assessed by IC50. The results show that some predicted inhibitors bind to the enzyme with high affinity but are poor inhibitors. Binding studies with PfSpdS substrates and products strongly support an ordered sequential mechanism in which the aminopropyl donor (dcAdoMet) site must be occupied before the aminopropyl acceptor (putrescine) site can be occupied. Analysis of the results also shows that the ordered sequential mechanism adequately accounts for the complex relationship between IC50 and KD and may explain the limited success of previous efforts at structure-based inhibitor design for PfSpdS. Based on PfSpdS active-site occupancy, we suggest a classification of ligands that can help to predict the KD−IC50 relations in future design of new inhibitors. The present findings may be relevant for other drug targets that follow an ordered sequential mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Sprenger
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jannette Carey
- Chemistry Department, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, United States of America
| | - Bo Svensson
- SARomics Biostructures AB, Medicon Village, SE-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Verena Wengel
- Center for Molecular Protein Science, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lo Persson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, SE-221 84, Lund, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biosynthesis of polyamines and polyamine-containing molecules. Biochem J 2016; 473:2315-29. [DOI: 10.1042/bcj20160185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are evolutionarily ancient polycations derived from amino acids and are pervasive in all domains of life. They are essential for cell growth and proliferation in eukaryotes and are essential, important or dispensable for growth in bacteria. Polyamines present a useful scaffold to attach other moieties to, and are often incorporated into specialized metabolism. Life has evolved multiple pathways to synthesize polyamines, and structural variants of polyamines have evolved in bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes. Among the complex biosynthetic diversity, patterns of evolutionary reiteration can be distinguished, revealing evolutionary recycling of particular protein folds and enzyme chassis. The same enzyme activities have evolved from multiple protein folds, suggesting an inevitability of evolution of polyamine biosynthesis. This review discusses the different biosynthetic strategies used in life to produce diamines, triamines, tetra-amines and branched and long-chain polyamines. It also discusses the enzymes that incorporate polyamines into specialized metabolites and attempts to place polyamine biosynthesis in an evolutionary context.
Collapse
|
47
|
Skatchkov SN, Antonov SM, Eaton MJ. Glia and glial polyamines. Role in brain function in health and disease. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW SUPPLEMENT SERIES A-MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990747816010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
48
|
Krossa S, Faust A, Ober D, Scheidig AJ. Comprehensive Structural Characterization of the Bacterial Homospermidine Synthase-an Essential Enzyme of the Polyamine Metabolism. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19501. [PMID: 26776105 PMCID: PMC4725965 DOI: 10.1038/srep19501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly conserved bacterial homospermidine synthase (HSS) is a key enzyme of the polyamine metabolism of many proteobacteria including pathogenic strains such as Legionella pneumophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; The unique usage of NAD(H) as a prosthetic group is a common feature of bacterial HSS, eukaryotic HSS and deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS). The structure of the bacterial enzyme does not possess a lysine residue in the active center and thus does not form an enzyme-substrate Schiff base intermediate as observed for the DHS. In contrast to the DHS the active site is not formed by the interface of two subunits but resides within one subunit of the bacterial HSS. Crystal structures of Blastochloris viridis HSS (BvHSS) reveal two distinct substrate binding sites, one of which is highly specific for putrescine. BvHSS features a side pocket in the direct vicinity of the active site formed by conserved amino acids and a potential substrate discrimination, guiding, and sensing mechanism. The proposed reaction steps for the catalysis of BvHSS emphasize cation-π interaction through a conserved Trp residue as a key stabilizer of high energetic transition states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Krossa
- Structural Biology-Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Annette Faust
- Structural Biology-Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Dietrich Ober
- Botanical Institute - Biochemical Ecology and Molecular Evolution, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel J Scheidig
- Structural Biology-Zoological Institute, Kiel University, Am Botanischen Garten 11, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Amano Y, Namatame I, Tateishi Y, Honboh K, Tanabe E, Niimi T, Sakashita H. Structural insights into the novel inhibition mechanism of Trypanosoma cruzi spermidine synthase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 71:1879-89. [PMID: 26327378 DOI: 10.1107/s1399004715013048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, a severe disease affecting 8-10 million people in Latin America. While nifurtimox and benznidazole are used to treat this disease, their efficacy is limited and adverse effects are observed. New therapeutic targets and novel drugs are therefore urgently required. Enzymes in the polyamine-trypanothione pathway are promising targets for the treatment of Chagas disease. Spermidine synthase is a key enzyme in this pathway that catalyzes the transfer of an aminopropyl group from decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM) to putrescine. Fragment-based drug discovery was therefore conducted to identify novel, potent inhibitors of spermidine synthase from T. cruzi (TcSpdSyn). Here, crystal structures of TcSpdSyn in complex with dcSAM, trans-4-methylcyclohexylamine and hit compounds from fragment screening are reported. The structure of dcSAM complexed with TcSpdSyn indicates that dcSAM stabilizes the conformation of the `gatekeeping' loop to form the putrescine-binding pocket. The structures of fragments bound to TcSpdSyn revealed two fragment-binding sites: the putrescine-binding pocket and the dimer interface. The putrescine-binding pocket was extended by an induced-fit mechanism. The crystal structures indicate that the conformation of the dimer interface is required to stabilize the gatekeeping loop and that fragments binding to this interface inhibit TcSpdSyn by disrupting its conformation. These results suggest that utilizing the dynamic structural changes in TcSpdSyn that occur upon inhibitor binding will facilitate the development of more selective and potent inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Amano
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Ichiji Namatame
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Tateishi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuya Honboh
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Eiki Tanabe
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Niimi
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakashita
- Drug Discovery Research, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21 Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8585, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Nowotarski SL, Feith DJ, Shantz LM. Skin Carcinogenesis Studies Using Mouse Models with Altered Polyamines. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2015; 8:17-27. [PMID: 26380554 PMCID: PMC4558889 DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s21219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a major health concern worldwide. With increasing numbers in high-risk groups such as organ transplant recipients and patients taking photosensitizing medications, the incidence of NMSC continues to rise. Mouse models of NMSC allow us to better understand the molecular signaling cascades involved in skin tumor development in order to identify novel therapeutic strategies. Here we review the models designed to determine the role of the polyamines in NMSC development and maintenance. Elevated polyamines are absolutely required for tumor growth, and dysregulation of their biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes has been observed in NMSC. Studies using mice with genetic alterations in epidermal polyamines suggest that they play key roles in tumor promotion and epithelial cell survival pathways, and recent clinical trials indicate that pharmacological inhibitors of polyamine metabolism show promise in individuals at high risk for NMSC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Nowotarski
- Department of Biochemistry, The Pennsylvania State University Berks College, Reading, PA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Lisa M Shantz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|