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Casasampere M, Ung J, Iñáñez A, Dufau C, Tsuboi K, Casas J, Tan SF, Feith DJ, Andrieu-Abadie N, Segui B, Loughran TP, Abad JL, Fabrias G. A fluorogenic substrate for the detection of lipid amidases in intact cells. J Lipid Res 2024; 65:100520. [PMID: 38369184 PMCID: PMC10956054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2024.100520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid amidases of therapeutic relevance include acid ceramidase (AC), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Although fluorogenic substrates have been developed for the three enzymes and high-throughput methods for screening have been reported, a platform for the specific detection of these enzyme activities in intact cells is lacking. In this article, we report on the coumarinic 1-deoxydihydroceramide RBM1-151, a 1-deoxy derivative and vinilog of RBM14-C12, as a novel substrate of amidases. This compound is hydrolyzed by AC (appKm = 7.0 μM; appVmax = 99.3 nM/min), N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (appKm = 0.73 μM; appVmax = 0.24 nM/min), and FAAH (appKm = 3.6 μM; appVmax = 7.6 nM/min) but not by other ceramidases. We provide proof of concept that the use of RBM1-151 in combination with reported irreversible inhibitors of AC and FAAH allows the determination in parallel of the three amidase activities in single experiments in intact cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Johnson Ung
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Alejandro Iñáñez
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carine Dufau
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Okayama, Japan
| | - Josefina Casas
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Su-Fern Tan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - David J Feith
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Nathalie Andrieu-Abadie
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno Segui
- INSERM UMR 1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse, France; Equipe Labellisée Fondation ARC pour la recherche sur le cancer, Toulouse, France; Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas P Loughran
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA; University of Virginia Cancer Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - José Luis Abad
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gemma Fabrias
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on BioActive Molecules, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; CIBEREHD, Madrid, Spain; Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)'s Cancer Hub, Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Huang D, Shen J, Zhai L, Chen H, Fei J, Zhu X, Zhou J. Insights Into the Prognostic Value and Immunological Role of NAAA in Pan-Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:812713. [PMID: 35069601 PMCID: PMC8772335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.812713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
N-Acylethanolamine Acid Amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal cysteine hydrolase and plays a vital physiological role in inflammatory response. However, the roles of NAAA in tumor immunity are still unclear. By using a series of bioinformatics approaches, we study combined data from different databases, including the Cancer Genome Atlas, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, Genotype Tissue-Expression, cBioPortal, Human Protein Atlas, TIMER, and ImmuCellAI to investigate the role of NAAA expression in prognosis and tumor immunity response. We would like to reveal the potential correlations between NAAA expression and gene alterations, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), DNA methylation, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune infiltration levels, and various immune-related genes across different cancers. The results show that NAAA displayed abnormal expression within most malignant tumors, and overexpression of NAAA was associated with the poor prognosis of tumor patients. Through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), we found that NAAA was significantly associated with cell cycle and immune regulation-related signaling pathways, such as in innate immune system, adaptive immune system, neutrophil degranulation, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways (TLRs). Further, the expression of NAAA was also confirmed to be correlated with tumor microenvironment and diverse infiltration of immune cells, especially tumor-associated macrophage (TAM). In addition to this, we found that NAAA is co-expressed with genes encoding major histocompatibility complex (MHC), immune activation, immune suppression, chemokine, and chemokine receptors. Meanwhile, we demonstrate that NAAA expression was correlated with TMB in 4 cancers and with MSI in 10 cancers. Our study reveals that NAAA plays an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer immunity, which may be used to function as a prognostic biomarker and potential target for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingyun Zhai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanhuan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jing Fei
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Sayed TS, Balasinor NH, Nishi K. Diverse role of endocannabinoid system in mammalian male reproduction. Life Sci 2021; 286:120035. [PMID: 34637799 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoid system (ECS) is known for its modulatory role in numerous physiological processes in the body. Endocannabinoids (eCBs) are endogenous lipid molecules which function both centrally and peripherally. The ECS is best studied in the central nervous system (CNS), immune system as well as in the metabolic system. The role of ECS in male reproductive system is emerging and the presence of a complete enzymatic machinery to synthesize and metabolize eCBs has been demonstrated in male reproductive tract. Endocannabinoid concentrations and alterations in their levels have been reported to affect the functioning of spermatozoa. A dysfunctional ECS has also been linked to the development of prostate cancer, the leading cause of cancer related mortality among male population. This review is an attempt to provide an insight into the significant role of endocannabinoids in male reproduction and further summarize recent findings that demonstrate the manner in which the endocannabinoid system impacts male sexual behavior and fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen S Sayed
- Department of Biotechnology, R.D. and S.H. National College and S.W.A Science College, Mumbai 400050, India
| | - Nafisa H Balasinor
- Neuroendocrinology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
| | - Kumari Nishi
- Neuroendocrinology Division, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India.
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4
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Romano B, Pagano E, Iannotti FA, Piscitelli F, Brancaleone V, Lucariello G, Nanì MF, Fiorino F, Sparaco R, Vanacore G, Di Tella F, Cicia D, Lionetti R, Makriyannis A, Malamas M, De Luca M, Aprea G, D'Armiento M, Capasso R, Sbarro B, Venneri T, Di Marzo V, Borrelli F, Izzo AA. NAAA is dysregulated in colorectal cancer patients and its inhibition reduces experimental cancer growth. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1679-1694. [PMID: 34791641 PMCID: PMC9303321 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose N‐Acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme accountable for the breakdown of N‐acylethanolamines (NAEs) and its pharmacological inhibition has beneficial effects in inflammatory conditions. The knowledge of NAAA in cancer is fragmentary with an unclarified mechanism, whereas its contribution to colorectal cancer (CRC) is unknown to date. Experimental Approach CRC xenograft and azoxymethane models were used to assess the in vivo effect of NAAA inhibition. Further, the tumour secretome was evaluated by an oncogenic array, CRC cell lines were used for in vitro studies, cell cycle was analysed by cytofluorimetry, NAAA was knocked down with siRNA, human biopsies were obtained from surgically resected CRC patients, gene expression was measured by RT‐PCR and NAEs were measured by LC–MS. Key Results The NAAA inhibitor AM9053 reduced CRC xenograft tumour growth and counteracted tumour development in the azoxymethane model. NAAA inhibition affected the composition of the tumour secretome inhibiting the expression of EGF family members. In CRC cells, AM9053 reduced proliferation with a mechanism mediated by PPAR‐α and TRPV1. AM9053 induced cell cycle arrest in the S phase associated with cyclin A2/CDK2 down‐regulation. NAAA knock‐down mirrored the effects of NAAA inhibition with AM9053. NAAA expression was down‐regulated in human CRC tissues, with a consequential augmentation of NAE levels and dysregulation of some of their targets. Conclusion and Implications Our results show novel data on the functional importance of NAAA in CRC progression and the mechanism involved. We propose that this enzyme is a valid drug target for the treatment of CRC growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Romano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Ester Pagano
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Fabio A Iannotti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Fabiana Piscitelli
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | | | - Giuseppe Lucariello
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Nanì
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Sparaco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vanacore
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Di Tella
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ruggero Lionetti
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Michael Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery and Departments of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, United States
| | - Marcello De Luca
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aprea
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Interuniversity Center for Technological Innovation Interdepartmental Center for Robotic Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria D'Armiento
- Department of Biomorphological and Functional Science, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Capasso
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Bernardo Sbarro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Tommaso Venneri
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Vincenzo Di Marzo
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pozzuoli, Italy.,Canada Excellence Research Chair on the Microbiome-Endocannabinoidome Axis in Metabolic Health, Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Quèbec, Québec City, Canada.,Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments Fonctionnels, Université Laval, Québec City, Canada.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Francesca Borrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
| | - Angelo A Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.,Endocannabinoid Research Group
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5
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Tsuboi K, Tai T, Yamashita R, Ali H, Watanabe T, Uyama T, Okamoto Y, Kitakaze K, Takenouchi Y, Go S, Rahman IAS, Houchi H, Tanaka T, Okamoto Y, Tokumura A, Matsuda J, Ueda N. Involvement of acid ceramidase in the degradation of bioactive N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158972. [PMID: 34033896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) include palmitoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide, and anandamide, which exert anti-inflammatory, anorexic, and cannabimimetic actions, respectively. The degradation of NAEs has been attributed to two hydrolases, fatty acid amide hydrolase and NAE acid amidase (NAAA). Acid ceramidase (AC) is a lysosomal enzyme that hydrolyzes ceramide (N-acylsphingosine), which resembles NAAA in structure and function. In the present study, we examined the role of AC in the degradation of NAEs. First, we demonstrated that purified recombinant human AC can hydrolyze various NAEs with lauroylethanolamide (C12:0-NAE) as the most reactive NAE substrate. We then used HEK293 cells metabolically labeled with [14C]ethanolamine, and revealed that overexpressed AC lowered the levels of 14C-labeled NAE. As analyzed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, AC overexpression decreased the amounts of different NAE species. Furthermore, suppression of endogenous AC in LNCaP prostate cells by siRNA increased the levels of various NAEs. Lastly, tissue homogenates from mice genetically lacking saposin D, a presumable activator protein of AC, showed much lower hydrolyzing activity for NAE as well as ceramide than the homogenates from wild-type mice. These results demonstrate the ability of AC to hydrolyze NAEs and suggest its physiological role as a third NAE hydrolase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Tatsuya Tai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Ryouhei Yamashita
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Hanif Ali
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Watanabe
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Yoko Okamoto
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitakaze
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takenouchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinji Go
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Houchi
- Department of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan; Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Akira Tokumura
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8505, Japan; Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yasuda Women's University, Hiroshima 731-0153, Japan
| | - Junko Matsuda
- Department of Pathophysiology and Metabolism, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
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6
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Jaiswal S, Ayyannan SR. Anticancer Potential of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase and Monoacylglycerol Lipase. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2172-2187. [PMID: 33834617 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Recently fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have been in the limelight due to their anticancer potential. Both FAAH and MAGL are the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes that hydrolyze several endogenous ligands, mainly anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonic glycerol (2-AG), which regulate various pathophysiological conditions in the body such as emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation, neuroinflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. FAAH and MAGL inhibitors block the metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, increase endogenous levels of fatty acid amides, and exert various therapeutic effects including chronic pain, metabolic disorders, psychoses, nausea and vomiting, depression, and anxiety disorders. FAAH and MAGL are primarily neurotherapeutic targets, but their contribution to various types of carcinomas are significant. Inhibitors of these enzymes either alone or as multitarget agents, or with supra-additive effects show the potential effect in ovarian, breast, prostate, and colorectal cancers. Besides highlighting the role of FAAH and MAGL in cancer progression, this review provides an update on the anticancer capabilities of known and newly discovered FAAH and MAGL inhibitors and also provides further directions to develop FAAH and MAGL inhibitors as new candidates for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jaiswal
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Senthil Raja Ayyannan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering & Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
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7
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Toma W, Caillaud M, Patel NH, Tran TH, Donvito G, Roberts J, Bagdas D, Jackson A, Lichtman A, Gewirtz DA, Makriyannis A, Malamas MS, Imad Damaj M. N-acylethanolamine-hydrolysing acid amidase: A new potential target to treat paclitaxel-induced neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2021; 25:1367-1380. [PMID: 33675555 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although paclitaxel is an effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat multiple types of cancer (e.g. breast, ovarian, neck and lung), it also elicits paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN), which represents a major dose-limiting side effect of this drug. METHODS As the endogenously produced N-acylethanolamine, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), reverses paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice, the main goals of this study were to examine if paclitaxel affects levels of endogenous PEA in the spinal cord of mice and whether exogenous administration of PEA provides protection from the occurrence of paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We further examined whether inhibition of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolysing acid amidase (NAAA), a hydrolytic PEA enzyme, would offer protection in mouse model of PIPN. RESULTS Paclitaxel reduced PEA levels in the spinal cord, suggesting that dysregulation of this lipid signalling system may contribute to PIPN. Consistent with this idea, repeated administration of PEA partially prevented the paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity. We next evaluated whether the selective NAAA inhibitor, AM9053, would prevent paclitaxel-induced mechanical hypersensitivity in mice. Acute administration of AM9053 dose-dependently reversed mechanical hypersensitivity through a PPAR-α mechanism, whereas repeated administration of AM9053 fully prevented the development of PIPN, without any evidence of tolerance. Moreover, AM9053 produced a conditioned place preference in paclitaxel-treated mice, but not in control mice. This pattern of findings suggests a lack of intrinsic rewarding effects, but a reduction in the pain aversiveness induced by paclitaxel. Finally, AM9053 did not alter paclitaxel-induced cytotoxicity in lung tumour cells. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies suggest that NAAA represents a promising target to treat and prevent PIPN. SIGNIFICANCE The present study demonstrates that the chemotherapeutic paclitaxel alters PEA levels in the spinal cord, whereas repeated exogenous PEA administration moderately alleviates PIPN in mice. Additionally, targeting NAAA, PEA's hydrolysing enzyme with a selective compound AM9053 reverses and prevents the PIPN via the PPAR-α mechanism. Overall, the data suggest that selective NAAA inhibitors denote promising future therapeutics to mitigate and prevent PIPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wisam Toma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Martial Caillaud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nipa H Patel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tammy H Tran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jane Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Deniz Bagdas
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Asti Jackson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Yale Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Aron Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - David A Gewirtz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael S Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Imad Damaj
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Translational Research Initiative for Pain and Neuropathy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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8
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Maccarrone M, Rapino C, Francavilla F, Barbonetti A. Cannabinoid signalling and effects of cannabis on the male reproductive system. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 18:19-32. [PMID: 33214706 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-00391-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana is the most widely consumed recreational drug worldwide, which raises concerns for its potential effects on fertility. Many aspects of human male reproduction can be modulated by cannabis-derived extracts (cannabinoids) and their endogenous counterparts, known as endocannabinoids (eCBs). These latter molecules act as critical signals in a variety of physiological processes through receptors, enzymes and transporters collectively termed the endocannabinoid system (ECS). Increasing evidence suggests a role for eCBs, as well as cannabinoids, in various aspects of male sexual and reproductive health. Although preclinical studies have clearly shown that ECS is involved in negative modulation of testosterone secretion by acting both at central and testicular levels in animal models, the effect of in vivo exposure to cannabinoids on spermatogenesis remains a matter of debate. Furthermore, inconclusive clinical evidence does not seem to support the notion that plant-derived cannabinoids have harmful effects on human sexual and reproductive health. An improved understanding of the complex crosstalk between cannabinoids and eCBs is required before targeting of ECS for modulation of human fertility becomes a reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Maccarrone
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Rapino
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Felice Francavilla
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Arcangelo Barbonetti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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9
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Alhouayek M, Stafberg L, Karlsson J, Bergström SH, Fowler CJ. Effects of orthotopic implantation of rat prostate tumour cells upon components of the N-acylethanolamine and monoacylglycerol signalling systems: an mRNA study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6314. [PMID: 32286386 PMCID: PMC7156441 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63198-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is good evidence that the N-acylethanolamine (NAE)/monoacylglycerol (MAG) signalling systems are involved in the pathogenesis of cancer. However, it is not known how prostate tumours affect these systems in the surrounding non-malignant tissue and vice versa. In the present study we have investigated at the mRNA level 11 components of these systems (three coding for anabolic enzymes, two for NAE/MAG targets and six coding for catabolic enzymes) in rat prostate tissue following orthotopic injection of low metastatic AT1 cells and high metastatic MLL cells. The MLL tumours expressed higher levels of Napepld, coding for a key enzyme in NAE synthesis, and lower levels of Naaa, coding for the NAE hydrolytic enzyme N-acylethanolamine acid amide hydrolase than the AT1 tumours. mRNA levels of the components of the NAE/MAG signalling systems studied in the tissue surrounding the tumours were not overtly affected by the tumours. AT1 cells in culture expressed Faah, coding for the NAE hydrolytic enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase, at much lower levels than Naaa. However, the ability of the intact cells to hydrolyse the NAE arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) was inhibited by an inhibitor of FAAH, but not of NAAA. Treatment of the AT1 cells with interleukin-6, a cytokine known to be involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, did not affect the expression of the components of the NAE/MAG system studied. It is thus concluded that in the model system studied, the tumours show different expressions of mRNA coding for key the components of the NAE/MAG system compared to the host tissue, but that these changes are not accompanied by alterations in the non-malignant tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Alhouayek
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, B1.72.01-1200, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Linda Stafberg
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.,Apotek Hjärtat, Ringvägen 113, SE-118 60, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jessica Karlsson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Christopher J Fowler
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
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10
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Ramer R, Schwarz R, Hinz B. Modulation of the Endocannabinoid System as a Potential Anticancer Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:430. [PMID: 31143113 PMCID: PMC6520667 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the involvement of the endocannabinoid system in cancer development and possible options for a cancer-regressive effect of cannabinoids are controversially discussed. In recent decades, a number of preclinical studies have shown that cannabinoids have an anticarcinogenic potential. Therefore, especially against the background of several legal simplifications with regard to the clinical application of cannabinoid-based drugs, an extended basic knowledge about the complex network of the individual components of the endocannabinoid system is required. The canonical endocannabinoid system consists of the endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol as well as the Gi/o protein-coupled transmembrane cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. As a result of extensive studies on the broader effect of these factors, other fatty acid derivatives, transmembrane and intracellular receptors, enzymes and lipid transporters have been identified that contribute to the effect of endocannabinoids when defined in the broad sense as “extended endocannabinoid system.” Among these additional components, the endocannabinoid-degrading enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase, lipid transport proteins of the fatty acid-binding protein family, additional cannabinoid-activated G protein-coupled receptors such as GPR55, members of the transient receptor family, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors were identified as targets for possible strategies to combat cancer progression. Other endocannabinoid-related fatty acids such as 2-arachidonoyl glyceryl ether, O-arachidonoylethanolamine, N-arachidonoyldopamine and oleic acid amide showed an effect via cannabinoid receptors, while other compounds such as endocannabinoid-like substances exert a permissive action on endocannabinoid effects and act via alternative intracellular target structures. This review gives an overview of the modulation of the extended endocannabinoid system using the example of anticancer cannabinoid effects, which have been described in detail in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ramer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rico Schwarz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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11
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Molecular mechanism of activation of the immunoregulatory amidase NAAA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10032-E10040. [PMID: 30301806 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1811759115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Palmitoylethanolamide is a bioactive lipid that strongly alleviates pain and inflammation in animal models and in humans. Its signaling activity is terminated through degradation by N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), a cysteine hydrolase expressed at high levels in immune cells. Pharmacological inhibitors of NAAA activity exert profound analgesic and antiinflammatory effects in rodent models, pointing to this protein as a potential target for therapeutic drug discovery. To facilitate these efforts and to better understand the molecular mechanism of action of NAAA, we determined crystal structures of this enzyme in various activation states and in complex with several ligands, including both a covalent and a reversible inhibitor. Self-proteolysis exposes the otherwise buried active site of NAAA to allow catalysis. Formation of a stable substrate- or inhibitor-binding site appears to be conformationally coupled to the interaction of a pair of hydrophobic helices in the enzyme with lipid membranes, resulting in the creation of a linear hydrophobic cavity near the active site that accommodates the ligand's acyl chain.
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12
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Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Okamoto Y, Ueda N. Endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: biological activities and metabolism. Inflamm Regen 2018; 38:28. [PMID: 30288203 PMCID: PMC6166290 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-018-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant Cannabis sativa contains cannabinoids represented by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, which exert psychoactivity and immunomodulation through cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, respectively, in animal tissues. Arachidonoylethanolamide (also referred to as anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are well known as two major endogenous agonists of these receptors (termed "endocannabinoids") and show various cannabimimetic bioactivities. However, only 2-AG is a full agonist for CB1 and CB2 and mediates retrograde signals at the synapse, strongly suggesting that 2-AG is physiologically more important than anandamide. The metabolic pathways of these two endocannabinoids are completely different. 2-AG is mostly produced from inositol phospholipids via diacylglycerol by phospholipase C and diacylglycerol lipase and then degraded by monoacylglycerol lipase. On the other hand, anandamide is concomitantly produced with larger amounts of other N-acylethanolamines via N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs). Although this pathway consists of calcium-dependent N-acyltransferase and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D, recent studies revealed the involvement of several new enzymes. Quantitatively major N-acylethanolamines include palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, which do not bind to cannabinoid receptors but exert anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and anorexic effects through receptors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α. The biosynthesis of these non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines rather than anandamide may be the primary significance of this pathway. Here, we provide an overview of the biological activities and metabolisms of endocannabinoids (2-AG and anandamide) and non-endocannabinoid N-acylethanolamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Tsuboi
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan.,2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
| | - Yasuo Okamoto
- 2Department of Pharmacology, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki, Okayama 701-0192 Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- 1Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793 Japan
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13
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Zhao S, Løvf M, Carm KT, Bakken AC, Hoff AM, Skotheim RI. Novel transcription-induced fusion RNAs in prostate cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 8:49133-49143. [PMID: 28467780 PMCID: PMC5564755 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a clinically and pathologically heterogeneous disease with a broad spectrum of molecular abnormalities in the genome and transcriptome. One key feature is the involvement of chromosomal rearrangements creating fusion genes. Recent RNA-sequencing technology has uncovered that fusions which are not caused by chromosomal rearrangements, but rather meditated at transcription level, are common in both healthy and diseased cells. Such fusion transcripts have been proven highly associated with prostate cancer development and progression. To discover novel fusion transcripts, we analyzed RNA sequencing data from 44 primary prostate tumors and matched benign tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Twenty-one high-confident candidates were significantly enriched in malignant vs. benign samples. Thirteen of the candidates have not previously been described in prostate cancer, and among them, five long intergenic non-coding RNAs are involved as fusion partners. Their expressions were validated in 50 additional prostate tumor samples and seven prostate cancer cell lines. For four fusion transcripts, we found a positive correlation between their expression and the expression of the 3′ partner gene. Among these, differential exon usage and qRT-PCR analyses in particular support that SLC45A3-ELK4 is mediated by an RNA polymerase read-through mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Zhao
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marthe Løvf
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristina Totland Carm
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne Cathrine Bakken
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Andreas M Hoff
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rolf I Skotheim
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital-Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Center for Cancer Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Informatics, Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Bottemanne P, Muccioli GG, Alhouayek M. N-acylethanolamine hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibition: tools and potential therapeutic opportunities. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1520-1529. [PMID: 29567427 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) (e.g., N-palmitoylethanolamine, N-arachidonoylethanolamine, N-oleoylethanolamine) are bioactive lipids involved in many physiological processes including pain, inflammation, anxiety, cognition and food intake. Two enzymes are responsible for the hydrolysis of NAEs and therefore regulate their endogenous levels and effects: fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). As discussed here, extensive biochemical characterization of NAAA was carried out over the years that contributed to a better understanding of NAAA enzymology. An increasing number of studies describe the synthesis and pharmacological characterization of NAAA inhibitors. Recent medicinal chemistry efforts have led to the development of potent and stable inhibitors that enable studying the effects of NAAA inhibition in preclinical disease models, notably in the context of pain and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bottemanne
- BPBL Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 72, B1.72.01, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- BPBL Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 72, B1.72.01, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- BPBL Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Av. E. Mounier 72, B1.72.01, B-1200 Bruxelles, Belgium.
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15
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Pavlopoulos S, Pelekoudas DN, Benchama O, Rawlins CM, Agar JN, West JM, Malamas M, Zvonok N, Makriyannis A. Secretion, isotopic labeling and deglycosylation of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase for biophysical studies. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 145:108-117. [PMID: 29253688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) is an N-terminal nucleophile (Ntn) enzyme with a catalytic cysteine residue that has highest activity at acidic pH. The most prominent substrate hydrolyzed is palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), which regulates inflammation. Inhibitors of NAAA have been shown to increase endogenous levels of PEA, and are of interest as potential treatments for inflammatory disorders and other maladies. Currently, there are no X-ray or NMR structures of NAAA available to inform medicinal chemistry. Additionally, there are a limited number of enzyme structures available that are within the Ntn-hydrolase family, have a catalytic cysteine residue, and have a high sequence homology. For these reasons, we developed expression and purification methods for the production of enzyme samples amenable to structural characterization. Mammalian cells are necessary for post-translational processing, including signal sequence cleavage and glycosylation, that are required for a correctly folded zymogen before conversion to active, and mature enzyme. We have identified an expression construct, mammalian cell line, specific media and additives to express and secrete hNAAA zymogen and we further optimized propagation conditions and show this secretion method is suitable for isotopic labeling of the protein. We refined purification methods to achieve a high degree of protein purity potentially suited to crystallography. Glycosylated proteins can present challenges to biophysical methods. Therefore we deglycosylate the enzyme and show that the activity of the mature enzyme is not affected by deglycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiro Pavlopoulos
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States.
| | - Dimitrios N Pelekoudas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Othman Benchama
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Catherine M Rawlins
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Jeffrey N Agar
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States; Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Jay M West
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Michael Malamas
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Nikolai Zvonok
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Center for Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115-5000, United States; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 22254, Saudi Arabia
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16
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Karlsson J, Gouveia-Figueira S, Alhouayek M, Fowler CJ. Effects of tumour necrosis factor α upon the metabolism of the endocannabinoid anandamide in prostate cancer cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185011. [PMID: 28910408 PMCID: PMC5599064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) is involved in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer, a disease where disturbances in the endocannabinoid system are seen. In the present study we have investigated whether treatment of DU145 human prostate cancer cells affects anandamide (AEA) catabolic pathways. Additionally, we have investigated whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) can regulate the uptake of AEA into cells. Levels of AEA synthetic and catabolic enzymes were determined by qPCR. AEA uptake and hydrolysis in DU145 and RAW264.7 macrophage cells were assayed using AEA labeled in the arachidonic and ethanolamine portions of the molecule, respectively. Levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), prostaglandins (PG) and PG-ethanolamines (PG-EA) in DU145 cells and medium were quantitated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) analysis. TNFα treatment of DU145 cells increased mRNA levels of PTSG2 (gene of COX-2) and decreased the mRNA of the AEA synthetic enzyme N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine selective phospholipase D. mRNA levels of the AEA hydrolytic enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase were not changed. AEA uptake in both DU145 and RAW264.7 cells was inhibited by FAAH inhibition, but not by COX-2 inhibition, even in RAW264.7 cells where the expression of this enzyme had greatly been induced by lipopolysaccharide + interferon γ treatment. AEA and related NAEs were detected in DU145 cells, but PGs and PGE2-EA were only detected when the cells had been preincubated with 100 nM AEA. The data demonstrate that in DU145 cells, TNFα treatment changes the relative expression of the enzymes involved in the hydrolytic and oxygenation catabolic pathways for AEA. In RAW264.7 cells, COX-2, in contrast to FAAH, does not regulate the cellular accumulation of AEA. Further studies are necessary to determine the extent to which inflammatory mediators are involved in the abnormal endocannabinoid signalling system in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Karlsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christopher J. Fowler
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Pharmacology Unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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17
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A quantitative study on splice variants of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase in human prostate cancer cells and other cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1951-1958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Barbonetti A, Bisogno T, Battista N, Piscitelli F, Micillo A, Francavilla S, Maccarrone M, Francavilla F. 2-arachidonoylglycerol levels are increased in leukocytospermia and correlate with seminal macrophages. Andrology 2016; 5:87-94. [DOI: 10.1111/andr.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Barbonetti
- San Raffaele Sulmona Institute; Sulmona Italy
- Andrology Unit; Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - T. Bisogno
- Endocannabinoid Research Group; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; National Research Council; Pozzuoli Italy
- Department of Medicine; Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - N. Battista
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment; University of Teramo; Teramo Italy
| | - F. Piscitelli
- Endocannabinoid Research Group; Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry; National Research Council; Pozzuoli Italy
| | - A. Micillo
- Andrology Unit; Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - S. Francavilla
- Andrology Unit; Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
| | - M. Maccarrone
- Department of Medicine; Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome; Rome Italy
| | - F. Francavilla
- Andrology Unit; Department of Life, Health and Environment Sciences; University of L'Aquila; L'Aquila Italy
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19
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Phorbol ester stimulates ethanolamine release from the metastatic basal prostate cancer cell line PC3 but not from prostate epithelial cell lines LNCaP and P4E6. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1646-56. [PMID: 25137020 PMCID: PMC4200097 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Malignancy alters cellular complex lipid metabolism and membrane lipid composition and turnover. Here, we investigated whether tumorigenesis in cancer-derived prostate epithelial cell lines influences protein kinase C-linked turnover of ethanolamine phosphoglycerides (EtnPGs) and alters the pattern of ethanolamine (Etn) metabolites released to the medium. Methods: Prostate epithelial cell lines P4E6, LNCaP and PC3 were models of prostate cancer (PCa). PNT2C2 and PNT1A were models of benign prostate epithelia. Cellular EtnPGs were labelled with [1-3H]-Etn hydrochloride. PKC was activated with phorbol ester (TPA) and inhibited with Ro31-8220 and GF109203X. D609 was used to inhibit PLD (phospholipase D). [3H]-labelled Etn metabolites were resolved by ion-exchange chromatography. Sodium oleate and mastoparan were tested as activators of PLD2. Phospholipase D activity was measured by a transphosphatidylation reaction. Cells were treated with ionomycin to raise intracellular Ca2+ levels. Results: Unstimulated cell lines release mainly Etn and glycerylphosphorylEtn (GPEtn) to the medium. Phorbol ester treatment over 3h increased Etn metabolite release from the metastatic PC3 cell line and the benign cell lines PNT2C2 and PNT1A but not from the tumour-derived cell lines P4E6 and LNCaP; this effect was blocked by Ro31-8220 and GF109203X as well as by D609, which inhibited PLD in a transphosphatidylation reaction. Only metastatic PC3 cells specifically upregulated Etn release in response to TPA treatment. Oleate and mastoparan increased GPEtn release from all cell lines at the expense of Etn. Ionomycin stimulated GPEtn release from benign PNT2C2 cells but not from cancer-derived cell lines P4E6 or PC3. Ethanolamine did not stimulate the proliferation of LNCaP or PC3 cell lines but decreased the uptake of choline (Cho). Conclusions: Only the metastatic basal PC3 cell line specifically increased the release of Etn on TPA treatment most probably by PKC activation of PLD1 and increased turnover of EtnPGs. The phosphatidic acid formed will maintain a cancer phenotype through the regulation of mTOR. Ethanolamine released from cells may reduce Cho uptake, regulating the membrane PtdEtn:PtdCho ratio and influencing the action of PtdEtn-binding proteins such as RKIP and the anti-apoptotic hPEBP4. The work highlights a difference between LNCaP cells used as a model of androgen-dependent early stage PCa and androgen-independent PC3 cells used to model later refractory stage disease.
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20
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Liu Y, Chen J, Sethi A, Li QK, Chen L, Collins B, Gillet LCJ, Wollscheid B, Zhang H, Aebersold R. Glycoproteomic analysis of prostate cancer tissues by SWATH mass spectrometry discovers N-acylethanolamine acid amidase and protein tyrosine kinase 7 as signatures for tumor aggressiveness. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:1753-68. [PMID: 24741114 PMCID: PMC4083113 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.038273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of biomarkers indicating the level of aggressiveness of prostate cancer (PCa) will address the urgent clinical need to minimize the general overtreatment of patients with non-aggressive PCa, who account for the majority of PCa cases. Here, we isolated formerly N-linked glycopeptides from normal prostate (n = 10) and from non-aggressive (n = 24), aggressive (n = 16), and metastatic (n = 25) PCa tumor tissues and analyzed the samples using SWATH mass spectrometry, an emerging data-independent acquisition method that generates a single file containing fragment ion spectra of all ionized species of a sample. The resulting datasets were searched using a targeted data analysis strategy in which an a priori spectral reference library representing known N-glycosites of the human proteome was used to identify groups of signals in the SWATH mass spectrometry data. On average we identified 1430 N-glycosites from each sample. Out of those, 220 glycoproteins showed significant quantitative changes associated with diverse biological processes involved in PCa aggressiveness and metastasis and indicated functional relationships. Two glycoproteins, N-acylethanolamine acid amidase and protein tyrosine kinase 7, that were significantly associated with aggressive PCa in the initial sample cohort were further validated in an independent set of patient tissues using tissue microarray analysis. The results suggest that N-acylethanolamine acid amidase and protein tyrosine kinase 7 may be used as potential tissue biomarkers to avoid overtreatment of non-aggressive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansheng Liu
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jing Chen
- ¶Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Atul Sethi
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Qing K Li
- ¶Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Lijun Chen
- ¶Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231
| | - Ben Collins
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ludovic C J Gillet
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Wollscheid
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hui Zhang
- ¶Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21231;
| | - Ruedi Aebersold
- From the ‡Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; **Faculty of Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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21
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Rahman IAS, Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Ueda N. New players in the fatty acyl ethanolamide metabolism. Pharmacol Res 2014; 86:1-10. [PMID: 24747663 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2014.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acyl ethanolamides represent a class of endogenous bioactive lipid molecules and are generally referred to as N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). NAEs include palmitoylethanolamide (anti-inflammatory and analgesic substance), oleoylethanolamide (anorexic substance), and anandamide (endocannabinoid). The endogenous levels of NAEs are mainly regulated by enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis and degradation. In mammalian tissues, the major biosynthetic pathway starts from glycerophospholipids and is composed of two enzyme reactions. The first step is N-acylation of ethanolamine phospholipids catalyzed by Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and the second step is the release of NAEs from N-acylated ethanolamine phospholipids by N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE)-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). As for the degradation of NAEs, fatty acid amide hydrolase plays the central role. However, recent studies strongly suggest the involvement of other enzymes in the NAE metabolism. These enzymes include members of the HRAS-like suppressor family (also called phospholipase A/acyltransferase family), which were originally discovered as tumor suppressors but can function as Ca(2+)-independent NAPE-forming N-acyltransferases; multiple enzymes involved in the NAPE-PLD-independent multi-step pathways to generate NAE from NAPE, which came to light by the analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice; and a lysosomal NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase as a second NAE hydrolase. These newly recognized enzymes may become the targets for the development of new therapeutic drugs. Here, we focus on recent enzymological findings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iffat Ara Sonia Rahman
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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22
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Ueda N, Tsuboi K, Uyama T. Metabolism of endocannabinoids and related N-acylethanolamines: canonical and alternative pathways. FEBS J 2013; 280:1874-94. [PMID: 23425575 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are endogenous ligands of the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. Two arachidonic acid derivatives, arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, are considered to be physiologically important endocannabinoids. In the known metabolic pathway in mammals, anandamide and other bioactive N-acylethanolamines, such as palmitoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide, are biosynthesized from glycerophospholipids by a combination of Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D, and are degraded by fatty acid amide hydrolase. However, recent studies have shown the involvement of other enzymes and pathways, which include the members of the tumor suppressor HRASLS family (the phospholipase A/acyltransferase family) functioning as Ca(2+)-independent N-acyltransferases, N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipaseD-independent multistep pathways via N-acylated lysophospholipid, and N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, a lysosomal enzyme that preferentially hydrolyzes palmitoylethanolamide. Although their physiological significance is poorly understood, these new enzymes/pathways may serve as novel targets for the development of therapeutic drugs. For example, selective N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibitors are expected to be new anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. In this minireview, we focus on advances in the understanding of these enzymes/pathways. In addition, recent findings on 2-arachidonoylglycerol metabolism are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa, Japan.
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23
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Brown I, Cascio MG, Rotondo D, Pertwee RG, Heys SD, Wahle KW. Cannabinoids and omega-3/6 endocannabinoids as cell death and anticancer modulators. Prog Lipid Res 2013; 52:80-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2012.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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24
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Fowler CJ, Josefsson A, Thors L, Chung SC, Hammarsten P, Wikström P, Bergh A. Tumour epithelial expression levels of endocannabinoid markers modulate the value of endoglin-positive vascular density as a prognostic marker in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:1579-87. [PMID: 23262399 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is responsible for the hydrolysis of the endogenous cannabinoid (CB) receptor ligand anandamide. Here we have investigated whether the expression levels of FAAH and CB1 receptors influence the prognostic value of markers of angiogenesis in prostate cancer. Data from a cohort of 419 patients who were diagnosed with prostate cancer at transurethral resection for lower urinary tract symptoms, of whom approximately 2/3 had been followed by expectancy, were used. Scores for the angiogenesis markers endoglin and von Willebrand factor (vWf), the endocannabinoid markers fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors and the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 were available in the database. For the cases followed by expectancy, the prognostic value of endoglin was dependent upon the tumour epithelial FAAH immunoreactivity (FAAH-IR) and CB1IR scores, and the non-malignant epithelial FAAH-IR scores, but not the non-malignant CB1IR scores or the tumour blood vessel FAAH-IR scores. This dependency upon the tumour epithelial FAAH-IR or CB1IR scores was less apparent for vWf, and was not seen for Ki-67. Using an endoglin cut-off value of 10 positively stained vessels per core and a median split of tumour FAAH-IR, four groups could be generated, with 15year of disease-specific survival (%) of 68±7 (low endoglin, low FAAH), 45±11 (high endoglin, low FAAH), 77±6 (low endoglin, high FAAH) and 21±10 (high endoglin, high FAAH). Thus, the cases with high endoglin and high FAAH scores have the poorest rate of disease-specific survival. At diagnosis, the number of cases with tumour stages 1a-1b relative to stages 2-4 was sensitive to the endoglin score in a manner dependent upon the tumour FAAH-IR. It is concluded that the prognostic value of endoglin as a marker of neovascularisation in prostate cancer can be influenced by the expression level of markers of the endocannabinoid system. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Lipid Metabolism in Cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Fowler
- Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Neuroscience, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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25
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Tai T, Tsuboi K, Uyama T, Masuda K, Cravatt BF, Houchi H, Ueda N. Endogenous molecules stimulating N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:379-85. [PMID: 22860206 DOI: 10.1021/cn300007s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) plays the central role in the degradation of bioactive N-acylethanolamines such as the endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide) in brain and peripheral tissues. A lysosomal enzyme referred to as N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) catalyzes the same reaction with preference to palmitoylethanolamide, an endogenous analgesic and neuroprotective substance, and is therefore expected as a potential target of therapeutic drugs. In the in vitro assays thus far performed, the maximal activity of NAAA was achieved in the presence of both nonionic detergent (Triton X-100 or Nonidet P-40) and the SH reagent dithiothreitol. However, endogenous molecules that might substitute for these synthetic compounds remain poorly understood. Here, we examined stimulatory effects of endogenous phospholipids and thiol compounds on recombinant NAAA. Among different phospholipids tested, choline- or ethanolamine-containing phospholipids showed potent effects, and 1 mM phosphatidylcholine increased NAAA activity by 6.6-fold. Concerning endogenous thiol compounds, dihydrolipoic acid at 0.1-1 mM was the most active, causing 8.5-9.0-fold stimulation. These results suggest that endogenous phospholipids and dihydrolipoic acid may contribute in keeping NAAA active in lysosomes. Even in the presence of phosphatidylcholine and dihydrolipoic acid, however, the preferential hydrolysis of palmitoylethanolamide was unaltered. We also investigated a possible compensatory induction of NAAA mRNA in brain and other tissues of FAAH-deficient mice. However, NAAA expression levels in all the tissues examined were not significantly altered from those in wild-type mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Tai
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa
761-0793, Japan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793,
Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tsuboi
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa
761-0793, Japan
| | - Toru Uyama
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa
761-0793, Japan
| | - Kim Masuda
- Department of Chemical
Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
92037, United States
| | - Benjamin F. Cravatt
- Department of Chemical
Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
92037, United States
| | - Hitoshi Houchi
- Department
of Pharmacy, Kagawa University Hospital, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793,
Japan
| | - Natsuo Ueda
- Department
of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Miki, Kagawa
761-0793, Japan
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26
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Nithipatikom K, Gomez-Granados AD, Tang AT, Pfeiffer AW, Williams CL, Campbell WB. Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) activation inhibits small GTPase RhoA activity and regulates motility of prostate carcinoma cells. Endocrinology 2012; 153:29-41. [PMID: 22087025 PMCID: PMC3249681 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is a G protein-coupled receptor that is activated in an autocrine fashion by the endocannabinoids (EC), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). The CB1 and its endogenous and synthetic agonists are emerging as therapeutic targets in several cancers due to their ability to suppress carcinoma cell invasion and migration. However, the mechanisms that the CB1 regulates cell motility are not well understood. In this study, we examined the molecular mechanisms that diminish cell migration upon the CB1 activation in prostate carcinoma cells. The CB1 activation with the agonist WIN55212 significantly diminishes the small GTPase RhoA activity but modestly increases the Rac1 and Cdc42 activity. The diminished RhoA activity is accompanied by the loss of actin/myosin microfilaments, cell spreading, and cell migration. Interestingly, the CB1 inactivation with the selective CB1 antagonist AM251 significantly increases RhoA activity, enhances microfilament formation and cell spreading, and promotes cell migration. This finding suggests that endogenously produced EC activate the CB1, resulting in chronic repression of RhoA activity and cell migration. Consistent with this possibility, RhoA activity is significantly diminished by the exogenous application of AEA but not by 2-AG in PC-3 cells (cells with very low AEA hydrolysis). Pretreatment of cells with a monoacylglycerol lipase inhibitor, JZL184, which blocks 2-AG hydrolysis, decreases the RhoA activity. These results indicate the unique CB1 signaling and support the model that EC, through their autocrine activation of CB1 and subsequent repression of RhoA activity, suppress migration in prostate carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasem Nithipatikom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
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27
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Nomura DK, Lombardi DP, Chang JW, Niessen S, Ward AM, Long JZ, Hoover HH, Cravatt BF. Monoacylglycerol lipase exerts dual control over endocannabinoid and fatty acid pathways to support prostate cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 18:846-56. [PMID: 21802006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells couple heightened lipogenesis with lipolysis to produce fatty acid networks that support malignancy. Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) plays a principal role in this process by converting monoglycerides, including the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), to free fatty acids. Here, we show that MAGL is elevated in androgen-independent versus androgen-dependent human prostate cancer cell lines, and that pharmacological or RNA-interference disruption of this enzyme impairs prostate cancer aggressiveness. These effects were partially reversed by treatment with fatty acids or a cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB1) antagonist, and fully reversed by cotreatment with both agents. We further show that MAGL is part of a gene signature correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and the stem-like properties of cancer cells, supporting a role for this enzyme in protumorigenic metabolism that, for prostate cancer, involves the dual control of endocannabinoid and fatty acid pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Nomura
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology and Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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28
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Abstract
Cannabinoids, their receptors and their metabolizing enzymes are emerging as a new regulatory system, which is involved in multiple physiological functions. Normal prostate tissue expresses several constituents of the endocannabinoid system including the CB(1) receptor, receptors belonging to the transient receptor potential family and fatty acid amide hydrolase, a hydrolyzing enzyme, all of which have been localized in the glandular epithelia. Accumulating evidence indicate that the endocannabinoid system is dysregulated in prostate cancer, suggesting that it has a role in prostate homeostasis. Overexpression of several components of the endocannabinoid system correlate with prostate cancer grade and progression, potentially providing a new therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Moreover, several cannabinoids exert antitumoral properties against prostate cancer, reducing xenograft prostate tumor growth, prostate cancer cell proliferation and cell migration. Although the therapeutic potential of cannabinoids against prostate cancer is very promising, future research using animal models is needed to evaluate the influence of systemic networks in their antitumoral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28871 Madrid, Spain.
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29
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Guindon J, Hohmann AG. The endocannabinoid system and cancer: therapeutic implication. Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1447-63. [PMID: 21410463 PMCID: PMC3165955 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The endocannabinoid system is implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological conditions (inflammation, immunomodulation, analgesia, cancer and others). The main active ingredient of cannabis, Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9) -THC), produces its effects through activation of CB(1) and CB(2) receptors. CB(1) receptors are expressed at high levels in the central nervous system (CNS), whereas CB(2) receptors are concentrated predominantly, although not exclusively, in cells of the immune system. Endocannabinoids are endogenous lipid-signalling molecules that are generated in the cell membrane from phospholipid precursors. The two best characterized endocannabinoids identified to date are anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). Here we review the relationship between the endocannabinoid system and anti-tumour actions (inhibition of cell proliferation and migration, induction of apoptosis, reduction of tumour growth) of the cannabinoids in different types of cancer. This review will focus on examining how activation of the endocannabinoid system impacts breast, prostate and bone cancers in both in vitro and in vivo systems. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids for cancer, as identified in clinical trials, is also discussed. Identification of safe and effective treatments to manage and improve cancer therapy is critical to improve quality of life and reduce unnecessary suffering in cancer patients. In this regard, cannabis-like compounds offer therapeutic potential for the treatment of breast, prostate and bone cancer in patients. Further basic research on anti-cancer properties of cannabinoids as well as clinical trials of cannabinoid therapeutic efficacy in breast, prostate and bone cancer is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josée Guindon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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30
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Molecular model of cannabis sensitivity in developing neuronal circuits. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2011; 32:551-61. [PMID: 21757242 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2011.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal cannabis exposure can complicate in utero development of the nervous system. Cannabis impacts the formation and functions of neuronal circuitries by targeting cannabinoid receptors. Endocannabinoid signaling emerges as a signaling cassette that orchestrates neuronal differentiation programs through the precisely timed interaction of endocannabinoid ligands with their cognate cannabinoid receptors. By indiscriminately prolonging the 'switched-on' period of cannabinoid receptors, cannabis can hijack endocannabinoid signals to evoke molecular rearrangements, leading to the erroneous wiring of neuronal networks. Here, we formulate a hierarchical network design necessary and sufficient to describe the molecular underpinnings of cannabis-induced neural growth defects. We integrate signalosome components, deduced from genome- and proteome-wide arrays and candidate analyses, to propose a mechanistic hypothesis of how cannabis-induced ectopic cannabinoid receptor activity overrides physiological neurodevelopmental endocannabinoid signals, affecting the timely formation of synapses.
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31
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Tsuboi K, Ueda N. [Enzymes involved in the degradation of N-acylethanolamines functioning as lipid mediators]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2011; 138:8-12. [PMID: 21747202 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.138.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
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32
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Ueda N, Tsuboi K, Uyama T. Enzymological studies on the biosynthesis of N-acylethanolamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2010; 1801:1274-85. [PMID: 20736084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2010.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 08/10/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ethanolamides of different long-chain fatty acids constitute a class of endogenous lipid molecules generally called N-acylethanolamines (NAEs). They contain N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), N-palmitoylethanolamine, and N-oleoylethanolamine, which receive considerable attention because of their actions as an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand (endocannabinoid), an anti-inflammatory substance, and an appetite-suppressing substance, respectively. Identification of their biosynthetic routes in animal tissues and molecular characterization of the enzymes involved are essential for better understanding of physiological importance of NAEs as well as development of enzyme inhibitors as possible therapeutic drugs. In the classical "transacylation-phosphodiesterase pathway", NAEs are formed from glycerophospholipids via N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE), an unusual derivative of phosphatidylethanolamine with a third acyl chain attached to the amino group, by sequential catalyses by Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D. However, recent studies reveal that NAE-generating pathways are more complex than presumed before. In this review article, we will focus on recent findings regarding mammalian enzymes that are involved or might be involved in the biosynthesis of NAEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0793, Japan.
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33
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Ueda N, Tsuboi K, Uyama T. N-acylethanolamine metabolism with special reference to N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). Prog Lipid Res 2010; 49:299-315. [PMID: 20152858 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) constitute a class of bioactive lipid molecules present in animal and plant tissues. Among the NAEs, N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide), N-palmitoylethanolamine, and N-oleoylethanolamine attract much attention due to cannabimimetic activity as an endocannabinoid, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, and anorexic activity, respectively. In mammalian tissues, NAEs are formed from glycerophospholipids through the phosphodiesterase-transacylation pathway consisting of Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D. Recent studies revealed the presence of alternative pathways and enzymes responsible for the NAE formation. As for the degradation of NAEs, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), which hydrolyzes NAEs to fatty acids and ethanolamine, plays a central role. However, a lysosomal enzyme referred to as NAE-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) also catalyzes the same reaction and may be a new target for the development of therapeutic drugs. In this article we discuss recent progress in the studies on the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis and degradation of NAEs with special reference to NAAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuo Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, 1750-1 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa, Japan
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34
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Abstract
In animal tissues anandamide and other bioactive N-acylethanolamines are principally produced from glycerophospholipids through the transacylation-phosphodiesterase pathway consisting of two enzymatic reactions. The first reaction is the generation of N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine (NAPE) by transferring an acyl group esterified at sn-1 position of glycerophospholipid to the amino group of phosphatidylethanolamine. This reaction is catalyzed by Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase. The discovery of Ca(2+)-independent N-acyltransferase revealed the existence of plural enzymes which are capable of catalyzing this reaction. The second reaction is the release of N-acylethanolamine from NAPE catalyzed by NAPE-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). The enzyme belongs to the metallo-beta-lactamase family and specifically hydrolyzes NAPEs. Recent studies, including analysis of NAPE-PLD-deficient mice, led to the discovery of NAPE-PLD-independent pathways for the anandamide biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuo Okamoto
- The Department of Biochemistry, Kagawa University School of Medicine, Kagawa, Japan
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35
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Biology of endocannabinoid synthesis system. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2008; 89:112-9. [PMID: 19126434 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Revised: 11/20/2008] [Accepted: 12/02/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids (endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors) exert diverse physiological and pathophysiological functions in animal tissues. N-Arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are two representative endocannabinoids. Both the compounds are arachidonic acid-containing lipid molecules generated from membrane glycerophospholipids, but their biosynthetic pathways are totally different. Anandamide is principally formed together with other N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) in a two-step pathway, which is composed of Ca(2+)-dependent N-acyltransferase and N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-hydrolyzing phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD). cDNA cloning of NAPE-PLD and subsequent analysis of its gene-disrupted mice led to the discovery of alternative pathways comprising multiple enzymes. As for the 2-AG biosynthesis, recent results, including cDNA cloning of diacylglycerol lipase and analyses of phospholipase Cbeta-deficient mice, demonstrated that these two enzymes are responsible for the in vivo formation of 2-AG functioning as a retrograde messenger in synapses. In this review article, we will focus on recent progress in the studies on the enzymes responsible for the endocannabinoid biosyntheses.
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