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Yuan M, Wang J, Geng L, Wu N, Yang Y, Zhang Q. A review: Structure, bioactivity and potential application of algal polysaccharides in skin aging care and therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132846. [PMID: 38834111 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the first barrier of body which stands guard for defending aggressive pathogens and environmental pressures all the time. Cutaneous metabolism changes in harmful exposure, following with skin dysfunctions and diseases. Lots of researches have reported that polysaccharides extracted from seaweeds exhibited multidimensional bioactivities in dealing with skin disorder. However, few literature systematically reviews them. The aim of the present paper is to summarize structure, bioactivities and structure-function relationship of algal polysaccharides acting on skin. Algal polysaccharides show antioxidant, immunomodulating, hydration regulating, anti-melanogenesis and extracellular matrix (ECM) regulating abilities via multipath ways in skin. These bioactivities are determined by various parameters, including seaweed species, molecular weight, monosaccharides composition and substitute groups. In addition, potential usages of algae-derived polysaccharides in skin care and therapy are also elaborated. Algal polysaccharides are potential ingredients in formulation that providing anti-aging efficacy for skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yuan
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China.
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yue Yang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Wenhai Road, Qingdao 266237, China
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Adarshan S, Sree VSS, Muthuramalingam P, Nambiar KS, Sevanan M, Satish L, Venkidasamy B, Jeelani PG, Shin H. Understanding Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nutraceutical, Pharmaceutical, and Omics Dimensions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:113. [PMID: 38202421 PMCID: PMC10780804 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Driven by a surge in global interest in natural products, macroalgae or seaweed, has emerged as a prime source for nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical applications. Characterized by remarkable genetic diversity and a crucial role in marine ecosystems, these organisms offer not only substantial nutritional value in proteins, fibers, vitamins, and minerals, but also a diverse array of bioactive molecules with promising pharmaceutical properties. Furthermore, macroalgae produce approximately 80% of the oxygen in the atmosphere, highlighting their ecological significance. The unique combination of nutritional and bioactive attributes positions macroalgae as an ideal resource for food and medicine in various regions worldwide. This comprehensive review consolidates the latest advancements in the field, elucidating the potential applications of macroalgae in developing nutraceuticals and therapeutics. The review emphasizes the pivotal role of omics approaches in deepening our understanding of macroalgae's physiological and molecular characteristics. By highlighting the importance of omics, this review also advocates for continued exploration and utilization of these extraordinary marine organisms in diverse domains, including drug discovery, functional foods, and other industrial applications. The multifaceted potential of macroalgae warrants further research and development to unlock their full benefits and contribute to advancing global health and sustainable industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivakumar Adarshan
- Department of Biotechnology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Vairavel Sivaranjani Sivani Sree
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Krishnanjana S Nambiar
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Murugan Sevanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore 641114, Tamil Nadu, India; (V.S.S.S.); (K.S.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Lakkakula Satish
- Applied Phycology and Biotechnology Division, Marine Algal Research Station, CSIR—Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Mandapam 623519, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Peerzada Gh Jeelani
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology & Bioinformatics, National College Trichy, Tiruchirapalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
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Chumsook K, Praiboon J, Fu X. Sulfated Galactans from Agarophytes: Review of Extraction Methods, Structural Features, and Biological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1745. [PMID: 38136616 PMCID: PMC10741836 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Agarophytes are important seaweeds of the Rhodophyta type, which have been highly exploited for industrial use as sources of a widely consumed polysaccharide of agar. In addition to that, sulfated galactans (SGs) from agarophytes, which consist of various functional sulfate groups, have attracted the attention of scientists in current studies. SGs possess various biological activities, such as anti-tumor, anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, anti-microbial, anti-diarrhea, and gut microbiota regulation properties. Meanwhile, the taxonomy, ecological factors, i.e., environmental factors, and harvest period, as well as preparation methods, i.e., the pretreatment, extraction, and purification conditions, have been found to influence the chemical compositions and fine structures of SGs, which have, further, been shown to have an impact on their biological activities. However, the gaps in the knowledge of the properties of SGs due to the above complex factors have hindered their industrial application. The aim of this paper is to collect and systematically review the scientific evidence about SGs and, thus, to pave the way for broader and otherwise valuable industrial applications of agarophytes for human enterprise. In the future, this harvested biomass could be sustainably used not only as a source of agar production but also as natural materials in functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khosook Chumsook
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
- Department of Fishery Science and Technology (International) Program, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Jantana Praiboon
- Department of Fishery Biology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Xiaoting Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
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Begolli R, Chatziangelou M, Samiotaki M, Goutas A, Barda S, Goutzourelas N, Kevrekidis DP, Malea P, Trachana V, Liu M, Lin X, Kollatos N, Stagos D, Giakountis A. Transcriptome and proteome analysis reveals the anti-cancer properties of Hypnea musciformis marine macroalga extract in liver and intestinal cancer cells. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:71. [PMID: 37525271 PMCID: PMC10388463 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marine seaweeds are considered as a rich source of health-promoting compounds by the food and pharmaceutical industry. Hypnea musciformis is a marine red macroalga (seaweed) that is widely distributed throughout the world, including the Mediterranean Sea. It is known to contain various bioactive compounds, including sulfated polysaccharides, flavonoids, and phlorotannins. Recent studies have investigated the potential anticancer effects of extracts from H. musciformis demonstrating their cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. The anticancer effects of these extracts are thought to be due to the presence of bioactive compounds, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, which have been shown to have anticancer and immunomodulatory effects. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie their anticancer effects and to determine their potential as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment. METHODS H. musciformis was collected from the Aegean Sea (Greece) and used for extract preparation. Transcriptome and proteome analysis was performed in liver and colon cancer human cell lines following treatment with H. musciformis seaweed extracts to characterize its anticancer effect in detail at the molecular level and to link transcriptome and proteome responses to the observed phenotypes in cancer cells. RESULTS We have identified that treatment with the seaweed extract triggers a p53-mediated response at the transcriptional and protein level in liver cancer cells, in contrast to colon cancer cells in which the effects are more associated with metabolic changes. Furthermore, we show that in treated HepG2 liver cancer cells, p53 interacts with the chromatin of several target genes and facilitates their upregulation possibly through the recruitment of the p300 co-activator. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the available evidence suggests that extracts from H. musciformis have the potential to serve as a source of anticancer agents in liver cancer cells mainly through activation of a p53-mediated anti-tumor response that is linked to inhibition of cellular proliferation and induction of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodiola Begolli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Myrto Chatziangelou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | | | - Andreas Goutas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Sofia Barda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Phaedon Kevrekidis
- Laboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Department of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Malea
- Department of Botany, School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Varvara Trachana
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiukun Lin
- College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, 12 Binhai Rd, Qinzhou, 535011, Guangxi, China
| | - Nikolaos Kollatos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Antonis Giakountis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, 41500, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
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Kasanah N, Ulfah M, Imania O, Hanifah AN, Marjan MID. Rhodophyta as Potential Sources of Photoprotectants, Antiphotoaging Compounds, and Hydrogels for Cosmeceutical Application. Molecules 2022; 27:7788. [PMID: 36431889 PMCID: PMC9697178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are macroscopic, multicellular, eukaryotic and photosynthetic organisms, and are a source of chemical diversity with powerful biological activities for diversified industrial applications including cosmeceuticals. Red seaweeds (Rhodophyta) are good sources of Mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA) for photoprotectant and antiphotoaging compounds. In addition, Rhodophyta are also good sources for hydrogel compounds that are used widely in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmeceutical industries as gelling agents, moisturizers or for their antiphotoaging effects. Our survey and ongoing studies revealed that the biodiversity of Indonesian Rhodophyta is rich and is a treasure trove for cosmeceutical agents including MAA and hydrogels. This study delivers valuable information for identifying potential red seaweeds in screening and searching for cosmeceutical agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noer Kasanah
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Maria Ulfah
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Okmalisda Imania
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Nur Hanifah
- Integrated Agrocomplex Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia
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Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of porphyran, a sulfated galactan. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 301:120326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Januário AP, Félix R, Félix C, Reboleira J, Valentão P, Lemos MFL. Red Seaweed-Derived Compounds as a Potential New Approach for Acne Vulgaris Care. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111930. [PMID: 34834345 PMCID: PMC8623078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acne vulgaris (AV) is a chronic skin disease of the pilosebaceous unit affecting both adolescents and adults. Its pathophysiology includes processes of inflammation, increased keratinization, sebum production, hormonal dysregulation, and bacterial Cutibacterium acnes proliferation. Common AV has been treated with antibiotics since the 1960s, but strain resistance has emerged and is of paramount concern. Macroalgae are known producers of substances with bioactive properties, including anti-viral, antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, among several others. In particular, red algae are rich in bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic compounds, lipids, sterols, alkaloids, and terpenoids, conferring them antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, among others. Thus, the exploration of compounds from marine resources can be an appealing approach to discover new treatment options against AV. The aim of this work is to provide an overview of the current knowledge of the potentialities of red macroalgae in the treatment of AV by reviewing the main therapeutic targets of this disease, and then the existence of compounds or extracts with bioactive properties against them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana P. Januário
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Carina Félix
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - João Reboleira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Laboratório de Farmacognosia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (R.F.); (C.F.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.J.); (M.F.L.L.)
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Zhang H, Sun XY, Chen XW, Ouyang JM. Degraded Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide protects HK-2 cells and reduces nano-COM crystal toxicity, adhesion and endocytosis. J Mater Chem B 2021; 8:7233-7252. [PMID: 32638810 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00360c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We studied the protection of degraded Porphyra yezoensis polysaccharide (PYP) on human proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) from cytotoxicity of nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal, and the regulation of adhesion and endocytosis of the COM crystal. Four degraded fractions, namely, PYP1, PYP2, PYP3, and PYP4, were successfully obtained, with molecular weights (Mws) of 576.2, 49.5, 12.6, and 4.02 kDa, respectively. PYP protection reduced the crystal toxicity, prevented the destruction of cell morphology and cytoskeleton, inhibited the production of reactive oxygen species and the decline of lysosomal integrity, and reduced the expression of osteopontin and transmembrane protein (CD44). PYPi inhibited the adhesion and endocytosis of HK-2 cells by nano-COM. Endocytic COM crystals were accumulated in the lysosomes. With decreasing molecular weight, the ability of PYP to reduce cell damage and inhibit cell adhesion and endocytosis increased. PYP4, which has the smallest molecular weight, weaker intramolecular hydrogen bonds and more reducing groups, showed the best biological activity. PYPi can reduce the oxidative damage of the crystal to the cell, inhibit the adhesion and endocytosis of the crystal, and reduce the risk of kidney stone formation. Therefore, PYP, especially PYP4, has potential for use as a green drug to inhibit the formation and recurrence of calcium oxalate stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. and Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Sun
- Department of Urology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Urology, Guangzhou Institute of Urology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xue-Wu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. and Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Ming Ouyang
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China. and Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Liang Y, Zha S, Tentaku M, Okimura T, Jiang Z, Ueno M, Hirasaka K, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Suppressive effects of sulfated polysaccharide ascophyllan isolated from Ascophyllum nodosum on the production of NO and ROS in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:882-889. [PMID: 33580696 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbaa115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we found that a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum, ascophyllan, showed suppressive effects on stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan significantly inhibited expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and excessive production of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner without affecting the viability of RAW264.7 cells. Ascophyllan also reduced the elevated level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, preincubation with ascophyllan resulted in concentration-dependent decrease in ROS production in phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Our results suggest that ascophyllan can exhibit anti-inflammatory effects on stimulated macrophages mainly through the attenuation of NO and ROS productions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shijiao Zha
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Tentaku
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, China
- Research Center of Food Biotechnology of Xiamen City, Xiamen, China
- Key Laboratory of Systemic Utilization and In-depth Processing of Economic Seaweed, Xiamen Southern Ocean Technology Center of China, Xiamen, China
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Katsuya Hirasaka
- Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Marine Natural Products: Promising Candidates in the Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis towards Neuroprotection. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19030165. [PMID: 33808737 PMCID: PMC8003567 DOI: 10.3390/md19030165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, several neuroprotective agents have been provided in combating neuronal dysfunctions; however, no effective treatment has been found towards the complete eradication of neurodegenerative diseases. From the pathophysiological point of view, growing studies are indicating a bidirectional relationship between gut and brain termed gut-brain axis in the context of health/disease. Revealing the gut-brain axis has survived new hopes in the prevention, management, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Accordingly, introducing novel alternative therapies in regulating the gut-brain axis seems to be an emerging concept to pave the road in fighting neurodegenerative diseases. Growing studies have developed marine-derived natural products as hopeful candidates in a simultaneous targeting of gut-brain dysregulated mediators towards neuroprotection. Of marine natural products, carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin, and astaxanthin), phytosterols (e.g., fucosterol), polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidan, chitosan, alginate, and laminarin), macrolactins (e.g., macrolactin A), diterpenes (e.g., lobocrasol, excavatolide B, and crassumol E) and sesquiterpenes (e.g., zonarol) have shown to be promising candidates in modulating gut-brain axis. The aforementioned marine natural products are potential regulators of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oxidative stress mediators towards a bidirectional regulation of the gut-brain axis. The present study aims at describing the gut-brain axis, the importance of gut microbiota in neurological diseases, as well as the modulatory role of marine natural products towards neuroprotection.
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Porphyran and oligo-porphyran originating from red algae Porphyra: Preparation, biological activities, and potential applications. Food Chem 2021; 349:129209. [PMID: 33588184 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Porphyra is one of the most economically important red algae in the world. The functional components extracted from Porphyra such as porphyrans, proteins, lipids, and minerals have strong physiological activities. Porphyran, a sulfated galactan, is composed of alternating 1,4-linked α-l-galactopyranose-6-sulfate (L6S) and 1,3-linked β-d-galactopyranose (G). Porphyran and oligo-porphyran have a series of pharmacological and biological functions, such as antioxidation, anticancer, antiaging, antiallergic, immunomodulatory, hypoglycaemic, and hypolipidemic effects. Thus, red algae Porphyra-derived porphyran and oligo-porphyran have various potential applications in food, medicine, and cosmetic fields. For better application, this review introduces and summarizes the structure and source of porphyran as well as the preparation methods, biological activities, and potential applications of porphyran and oligo-porphyran. Moreover, the future research directions and emphasis of porphyran and oligo-porphyran preparation as well as their functional activities and applications are highlighted and prospected.
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Ishihara K, Seko T, Oyamada C, Kunitake H, Muraoka T. Synergistic effect of dietary glycerol galactoside and porphyran from nori on cecal immunoglobulin A levels in mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.27.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ishihara
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
| | - Takuya Seko
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
| | - Chiaki Oyamada
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
| | - Hiromi Kunitake
- Food Science Research Division, Kumamoto Prefectural Fisheries Research Center
| | - Toshihiko Muraoka
- Food Science Research Division, Kumamoto Prefectural Fisheries Research Center
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13
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Efficient Purification of R-phycoerythrin from Marine Algae ( Porphyra yezoensis) Based on a Deep Eutectic Solvents Aqueous Two-Phase System. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18120618. [PMID: 33291563 PMCID: PMC7761831 DOI: 10.3390/md18120618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
R-phycoerythrin (R-PE), a marine bioactive protein, is abundant in Porphyra yezoensis with high protein content. In this study, R-PE was purified using a deep eutectic solvents aqueous two-phase system (DES-ATPS), combined with ammonium sulphate precipitation, and characterized by certain techniques. Firstly, choline chloride-urea (ChCl-U) was selected as the suitable DES to form ATPS for R-PE extraction. Then, single-factor experiments were conducted: the purity (A565/A280) of R-PE was 3.825, and the yield was 69.99% (w/w) under optimal conditions (adding 0.040 mg R-PE to ChCl-U (0.35 g)/K2HPO4 (0.8 g/mL, 0.5 mL) and extracting for 20 min). The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) results revealed that the purified R-PE contained three main bands. One band was presented after purification in native-PAGE. The UV-vis spectra showed characteristic absorption peaks at 495, 540, and 565 nm. R-PE displayed an emission wavelength at 570 nm when excited at 495 nm. All spectra results illustrated that the structure of R-PE remained unchanged throughout the process, proving the effectiveness of this method. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) showed that aggregation and surrounding phenomena were the driving forces for R-PE extraction. This study could provide a green and simple purification method of R-PE in drug development.
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Pacheco D, Araújo GS, Cotas J, Gaspar R, Neto JM, Pereira L. Invasive Seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula: A Contribution for Food Supply. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E560. [PMID: 33207613 PMCID: PMC7697577 DOI: 10.3390/md18110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of exotic organisms in marine ecosystems can lead to economic and ecological losses. Globally, seaweeds represent a significant part of these non-indigenous species (NIS), with 407 introduced algal species. Furthermore, the presence of NIS seaweeds has been reported as a major concern worldwide since the patterns of their potential invasion mechanisms and vectors are not yet fully understood. Currently, in the Iberian Peninsula, around 50 NIS seaweeds have been recorded. Some of these are also considered invasive due to their overgrowth characteristic and competition with other species. However, invasive seaweeds are suitable for industrial applications due to their high feedstock. Hence, seaweeds' historical use in daily food diet, allied to research findings, showed that macroalgae are a source of nutrients and bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties. The main goal of this review is to evaluate the records of NIS seaweeds in the Iberian Peninsula and critically analyze the potential of invasive seaweeds application in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pacheco
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Glacio Souza Araújo
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará–IFCE, Campus Aracati, CE 040, km 137,1, Aracati 62800-000, Ceará, Brazil;
| | - João Cotas
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Rui Gaspar
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (J.M.N.)
| | - João M. Neto
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (J.M.N.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- Department of Life Sciences, Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre (MARE), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (D.P.); (J.C.); (R.G.); (J.M.N.)
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15
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Ismail MM, Alotaibi BS, EL-Sheekh MM. Therapeutic Uses of Red Macroalgae. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194411. [PMID: 32992919 PMCID: PMC7583832 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Red Seaweed “Rhodophyta” are an important group of macroalgae that include approximately 7000 species. They are a rich source of structurally diverse bioactive constituents, including protein, sulfated polysaccharides, pigments, polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds with nutritional, medical, and industrial importance. Polysaccharides are the main components in the cell wall of red algae and represent about 40–50% of the dry weight, which are extensively utilized in industry and pharmaceutical compounds, due to their thickening and gelling properties. The hydrocolloids galactans carrageenans and agars are the main red seaweed cell wall polysaccharides, which had broad-spectrum therapeutic characters. Generally, the chemical contents of seaweed are different according to the algal species, growth stage, environment, and external conditions, e.g., the temperature of the water, light intensity, nutrient concentrations in the ecosystem. Economically, they can be recommended as a substitute source for natural ingredients that contribute to a broad range of bioactivities like cancer therapy, anti-inflammatory agents, and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory. This review touches on the main points of the pharmaceutical applications of red seaweed, as well as the exploitation of their specific compounds and secondary metabolites with vital roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona M. Ismail
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Alexandria 21556, Egypt;
| | - Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mostafa M. EL-Sheekh
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +20-1224106666; Fax: +20-403350804
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16
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Hannan MA, Dash R, Haque MN, Mohibbullah M, Sohag AAM, Rahman MA, Uddin MJ, Alam M, Moon IS. Neuroprotective Potentials of Marine Algae and Their Bioactive Metabolites: Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Advances. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E347. [PMID: 32630301 PMCID: PMC7401253 DOI: 10.3390/md18070347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Beyond their significant contribution to the dietary and industrial supplies, marine algae are considered to be a potential source of some unique metabolites with diverse health benefits. The pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cholesterol homeostasis, protein clearance and anti-amyloidogenic potentials of algal metabolites endorse their protective efficacy against oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired proteostasis which are known to be implicated in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders and the associated complications after cerebral ischemia and brain injuries. As was evident in various preclinical studies, algal compounds conferred neuroprotection against a wide range of neurotoxic stressors, such as oxygen/glucose deprivation, hydrogen peroxide, glutamate, amyloid β, or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and, therefore, hold therapeutic promise for brain disorders. While a significant number of algal compounds with promising neuroprotective capacity have been identified over the last decades, a few of them have had access to clinical trials. However, the recent approval of an algal oligosaccharide, sodium oligomannate, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease enlightened the future of marine algae-based drug discovery. In this review, we briefly outline the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries for identifying the targets of pharmacological intervention, and then review the literature on the neuroprotective potentials of algal compounds along with the underlying pharmacological mechanism, and present an appraisal on the recent therapeutic advances. We also propose a rational strategy to facilitate algal metabolites-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Abdul Hannan
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
| | - Md. Nazmul Haque
- Department of Fisheries Biology and Genetics, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali 8602, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Mohibbullah
- Department of Fishing and Post Harvest Technology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh;
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh;
| | - Md. Ataur Rahman
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh
| | - Mahboob Alam
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
- Division of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.A.H.); (R.D.); (M.A.)
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17
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Effects of Porphyra tenera Supplementation on the Immune System: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061642. [PMID: 32498269 PMCID: PMC7352330 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if Porphyra tenera extract (PTE) has immune-enhancing effects and is safe in healthy adults. Methods: Subjects who met the inclusion criteria (3 × 103 ≤ peripheral blood leukocyte level ≥ 8 × 103 cells/µL) were recruited for this study. Enrolled subjects (n = 120) were randomly assigned to either the PTE group (n = 60) and were given 2.5 g/day of PTE (as PTE) in capsule form or the placebo group (n = 60) and were given crystal cellulose capsules with the identical appearance, weight, and flavor as the PTE capsules for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed based on measuring natural killer (NK) cell activity, cytokines level, and upper respiratory infection (URI), and safety parameters were assessed at baseline and 8 weeks. Results: Compared with baseline, NK cell activity (%) increased for all effector cell-to-target cell ratios in the PTE group after 8 weeks; however, changes were not observed in the placebo group (p < 0.10). Subgroup analysis of 101 subjects without URI showed that NK cell activity in the PTE group tended to increase for all effector cell/target cell (E:T) ratios (E:T = 12.5:1 p = 0.068; E:T = 25:1 p = 0.036; E:T = 50:1 p = 0.081) compared with the placebo group. A significant difference between the two groups was observed for the E:T = 25:1 ratio, which increased from 20.3 ± 12.0% at baseline to 23.2 ± 12.4% after 8 weeks in the PTE group (p = 0.036). A significant difference was not observed in cytokine between the two groups. Conclusion: PTE supplementation appears to enhance immune function by improving NK cell activity without adverse effects in healthy adults.
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Ha Y, Lee WH, Jeong J, Park M, Ko JY, Kwon OW, Lee J, Kim YJ. Pyropia yezoensis Extract Suppresses IFN-Gamma- and TNF-Alpha-Induced Proinflammatory Chemokine Production in HaCaT Cells via the Down-Regulation of NF-κB. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051238. [PMID: 32349358 PMCID: PMC7285056 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis, a red alga, is popular and harvested a lot in East Asia and is famous for its medicinal properties attributable to its bioactive compounds including amino acids (porphyra-334 and shinorine, etc.), polysaccharides, phytosterols, and pigments, but its anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of anti-atopic dermatitis (AD) have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigate the anti-AD effect of P. yezoensis extract (PYE) on mRNA and protein levels of the pro-inflammatory chemokines, thymus, and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC/CCL22), in human HaCaT keratinocyte cells treated to interferon (IFN)-γ or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (10 ng/mL each). The effect of the PYE on extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and other mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was related to its suppression of TARC and MDC production by blocking NF-κB activation in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, astaxanthin and xanthophyll from P. yezoensis were identified as anti-AD candidate compounds. These results suggest that the PYE may improve AD and contained two carotenoids by regulating pro-inflammatory chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Ha
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Won-Hwi Lee
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - JaeWoo Jeong
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Mira Park
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
| | - Oh Wook Kwon
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
| | - Jongsung Lee
- Department of Genetic Engineering, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon City 164-19, Gyunggi Do, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
| | - Youn-Jung Kim
- Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (Y.H.); (W.-H.L.); (J.J.); (M.P.); (J.-Y.K.); (O.W.K.)
- Department of Cosmetic Science and Management, Graduate School, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Department of Marine Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.L); (Y.-J.K.); Tel.: +82-32-835-8861 (Y.-J.K.)
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Xing M, Cao Q, Wang Y, Xiao H, Zhao J, Zhang Q, Ji A, Song S. Advances in Research on the Bioactivity of Alginate Oligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E144. [PMID: 32121067 PMCID: PMC7142810 DOI: 10.3390/md18030144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alginate is a natural polysaccharide present in various marine brown seaweeds. Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) is a degradation product of alginate, which has received increasing attention due to its low molecular weight and promising biological activity. The wide-ranging biological activity of AOS is closely related to the diversity of their structures. AOS with a specific structure and distinct applications can be obtained by different methods of alginate degradation. This review focuses on recent advances in the biological activity of alginate and its derivatives, including their anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, immunoregulatory, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, antibacterial, hypolipidemic, antihypertensive, and hypoglycemic properties, as well as the ability to suppress obesity and promote cell proliferation and regulate plant growth. We hope that this review will provide theoretical basis and inspiration for the high-value research developments and utilization of AOS-related products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maochen Xing
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qi Cao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Han Xiao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Jiarui Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
| | - Aiguo Ji
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuliang Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China; (M.X.); (Q.C.); (Y.W.); (H.X.); (J.Z.); (Q.Z.); (A.J.)
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20
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Cotas J, Leandro A, Pacheco D, Gonçalves AMM, Pereira L. A Comprehensive Review of the Nutraceutical and Therapeutic Applications of Red Seaweeds (Rhodophyta). Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E19. [PMID: 32110890 PMCID: PMC7151636 DOI: 10.3390/life10030019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The red seaweed group (Rhodophyta) is one of the phyla of macroalgae, among the groups Phaeophyceae and Chlorophyta, brown and green seaweeds, respectively. Nowadays, all groups of macroalgae are getting the attention of the scientific community due to the bioactive substances they produce. Several macroalgae products have exceptional properties with nutraceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical interest. The main compounds studied are the fatty acids, pigments, phenols, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides are the most exploited molecules, which are already widely used in various industries and are, presently, entering into more advanced applications from the therapeutic point of view. The focuses of this review are the red seaweeds' compounds, its proprieties, and its uses. Moreover, this work discusses new possible applications of the compounds of the red seaweeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Adriana Leandro
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Diana Pacheco
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
| | - Ana M. M. Gonçalves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
- Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.C.); (A.L.); (D.P.); (A.M.M.G.)
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Geng L, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yue Y, Zhang Q. Structure and Bioactivities of Porphyrans and Oligoporphyrans. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1163-1171. [PMID: 31208306 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190430111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pyropia (Porphyra), commonly known as nori or laver, is an important food source in many parts of the world. Edible dried Pyropia contains numerous nutrients and biofunctional components, including proteins, vitamins, eicosapentaenoic acid, minerals, carotenoids, mycosporine-like amino acids, and carbohydrate, and one of the compounds which we are interested in is porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide comprising the hot-water-soluble portion of Pyropia cell walls. Researchers have performed a large number of in-depth studies on the biological activity and potential therapeutic applications of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans. METHODS This mini review aims to provide comprehensive and update overview on the source, extraction, structure, biological activities and structure-activity relationships of porphyrans and oligoporphyrans based on the studies in the past 30 years which were included in Web of Science. RESULTS The structure of porphyran has been basically determined given that its straight chain is relatively simple, and the skeleton structure has been described. The extraction methods were simplified continuously, but different extraction methods and post- processing methods still had great influence on the structure and composition of porphyran, so there was no standardized extraction process which can achieve quality control until now. In order to obtain oligoporphyrans, there are a variety of degradation methods, including chemical method, physical method and enzymatic method, but it is worth mentioning that specific degradation enzyme is still unavailable. Studies on the biological and pharmacology properties include antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and drug delivery. CONCLUSION Owing to the therapeutic potential and drug delivery applications, porphyran and oligoporphyrans are expected to be further developed as a medicine against human diseases, as well as a supplement in cosmetics and health products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Geng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhongshan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
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22
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Liu Z, Gao T, Yang Y, Meng F, Zhan F, Jiang Q, Sun X. Anti-Cancer Activity of Porphyran and Carrageenan from Red Seaweeds. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24234286. [PMID: 31775255 PMCID: PMC6930528 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24234286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Seaweeds are some of the largest producers of biomass in the marine environment and are rich in bioactive compounds that are often used for human and animal health. Porphyran and carrageenan are natural compounds derived from red seaweeds. The former is a characteristic polysaccharide of Porphyra, while the latter is well known from Chondrus, Gigartina, and various Eucheuma species, all in Rhodophyceae. The two polysaccharides have been found to have anti-cancer activity by improving immunity and targeting key apoptotic molecules and therefore deemed as potential chemotherapeutic or chemopreventive agents. This review attempts to review the current study of anti-cancer activity and the possible mechanisms of porphyran and carrageenan derived from red seaweeds to various cancers, and their cooperative actions with other anti-cancer chemotherapeutic agents is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tianheng Gao
- Institute of Marine Biology, College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210017, China;
| | - Ying Yang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China;
| | - Fanxin Meng
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Fengping Zhan
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
| | - Qichen Jiang
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province, 79 Chating East Street, Nanjing 210017, China;
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-25-86618250 (Q.J.); +86-756-7626350 (X.S.)
| | - Xian Sun
- School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Zhuhai College of Jilin University, Zhuhai 519041, China; (Z.L.); (F.M.); (F.Z.)
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Correspondence: (Q.J.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-25-86618250 (Q.J.); +86-756-7626350 (X.S.)
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Jiang Z, Yu G, Liang Y, Song T, Zhu Y, Ni H, Yamaguchi K, Oda T. Inhibitory effects of a sulfated polysaccharide isolated from edible red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:2065-2074. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1634515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this study, a sulfated polysaccharide (BFP) was isolated from the edible red alga Bangia fusco-purpurea. Gel-filtration and thin layer chromatographically analyses suggested that BFP was a homogenous polysaccharide. The chemical structural analysis revealed that BFP mainly consisted of galactose together with a small amount of uronic acid, mannose, and glucose. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 133.18 kDa by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. BFP inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50 values of BFP against α-amylase and α-glucosidase were estimated to be 1.26 ± 0.11 mg/mL and 1.34 ± 0.07 mg/mL, respectively. Kinetic analyses suggested that BFP showed competitive and non-competitive inhibition against α-amylase and α-glucosidase, respectively. Circular dichroism spectral and fluorescence spectral analyses suggested that BFP affects the conformational structures of these enzymes, which may lead to the inhibition of the enzymatic activities.
Abbreviations: Ara: D-arabinose; AnGal: anhydro-L-galactose residues; CD spectroscopy: Circular Dichroism spectroscopy; DNS: dinitrosalicylic acid; FT-IR: fourier transform infrared spectra; Fuc: L-fucose; Gal: D-galactose; Glc: D-glucose; GlcA: D-Glucuronic acid; HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; Man: D-mannose; pNPG: p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucoside; TFA: trifluoroacetic acid; TLC: thin-layer chromatography; PMP: 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone; Xyl: D-xylose
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Affiliation(s)
- Zedong Jiang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Gang Yu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yan Liang
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tianyuan Song
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanbing Zhu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Hui Ni
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Xiamen, Fujian Province, China
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science & Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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24
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Wang Y, Hwang JY, Park HB, Yadav D, Oda T, Jin JO. Porphyran isolated from Pyropia yezoensis inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of dendritic cells in mice. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 229:115457. [PMID: 31826423 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that porphyran, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Pyropia yezoensis, shows protective effects on LPS-induced septic shock in the mouse. However, the immune cell-mediated inhibitory effect of porphyran in LPS-induced activation of immune cells has not been well investigated. In this study, we found that treatment of porphyran suppressed LPS-induced upregulation of costimulatory molecule and C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7) expression in bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in vitro and spleen DCs in vivo. Moreover, the LPS-induced expression of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α in the culture medium of BMDCs and serum dose-dependently decreased by porphyran treatment, which contributed to the inhibition of the intracellular cytokine production in spleen DCs. In addition, LPS-induced differentiation of helper T1 (Th1) and cytotoxic T1 (Tc1) cells was effectively suppressed by porphyran treatment in mice. The inhibitory effect of porphyran in LPS-induced immune activation was mediated by competitive binding of porphyran with LPS in spleen DCs. Thus, these results suggest that porphyran is a promising potential therapeutic agent in endotoxin-mediated inflammatory disease and septic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ju-Young Hwang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Hae-Bin Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Dhananjay Yadav
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | - Jun-O Jin
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea; Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China.
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25
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An overview of extraction and purification techniques of seaweed dietary fibers for immunomodulation on gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Venkatraman KL, Mehta A. Health Benefits and Pharmacological Effects of Porphyra Species. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:10-17. [PMID: 30543042 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-018-0707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Porphyra, one of the most cultured red algae has gained economic importance across the globe for its nutritional benefits. Porphyra is being cultivated, harvested, dried, processed and consumed in large quantities in south eastern countries. It contains relatively high amounts of proteins, carbohydrates, and micronutrients. Exploitation of its fundamental attributes led to the discovery of various biologically active compounds like polysaccharides, phycobiliproteins and peptides with effective pharmacological applications. In this review, a systematic account of the research accomplished in the past decade and up-to-date overview of various bioactive compounds and its pharmacological implications has been compiled. This review summarizes the bioactivities like antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive, anticoagulant and anticancer properties of the bioactive compounds from Porphyra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalkooru L Venkatraman
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Alka Mehta
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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27
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Kim JH, Lee JE, Kim KH, Kang NJ. Beneficial Effects of Marine Algae-Derived Carbohydrates for Skin Health. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16110459. [PMID: 30469402 PMCID: PMC6266229 DOI: 10.3390/md16110459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are considered to be an abundant sources of bioactive compounds with cosmeceutical potential. Recently, a great deal of interest has focused on the health-promoting effects of marine bioactive compounds. Carbohydrates are the major and abundant constituent of marine algae and have been utilized in cosmetic formulations, as moisturizing and thickening agents for example. In addition, marine carbohydrates have been suggested as promising bioactive biomaterials for their various properties beneficial to skin, including antioxidant, anti-melanogenic and skin anti-aging properties. Therefore, marine algae carbohydrates have potential skin health benefits for value-added cosmeceutical applications. The present review focuses on the various biological capacities and potential skin health benefits of bioactive marine carbohydrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hye Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
- Korean Medicine Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Jae-Eun Lee
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
| | - Kyoung Heon Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Nam Joo Kang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
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28
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Ueno M, Nogawa M, Siddiqui R, Watashi K, Wakita T, Kato N, Ikeda M, Okimura T, Isaka S, Oda T, Ariumi Y. Acidic polysaccharides isolated from marine algae inhibit the early step of viral infection. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:282-290. [PMID: 30452989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effects of various acidic polysaccharides isolated from marine algae on the infection and replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human T-cell leukemia virus type-1 (HTLV-1). It was found that sulfated fucan polysaccharides, ascophyllan, and two fucoidans derived from different sources significantly inhibited the early step of HIV-1 (R9 and JR-FL) infection, while they did not affect the late step. The alginate oligomer consisted of uronic acids and sulfated-galactan porphyran showed no significant inhibitory effects. In addition, ascophyllan and two fucoidans inhibited the early step of HBV infection in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, these polysaccharides inhibited the early step of HCV infection but had no inhibitory effects on HTLV-1 replication. To further examine the specificity of these polysaccharides in viral infections, we used vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 infection. Ascophyllan, the two fucoidans, and alginate oligomer also potently inhibited VSV-G-pseudotyped HIV-1 infection in HeLa cells. Taken together, these results suggest that the acidic polysaccharides used in this study are capable of inhibiting the early step of viral infections depending on the polysaccharides but not in a strict species-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikinori Ueno
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Masato Nogawa
- School of Medicine, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Rokeya Siddiqui
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaji Wakita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kato
- Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masanori Ikeda
- Department of Persistent and Oncogenic Viruses, Center for Chronic Viral Diseases, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takasi Okimura
- Research and Development Division, Hayashikane Sangyo Co., Ltd., Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Shogo Isaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ariumi
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
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29
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Yanagido A, Ueno M, Jiang Z, Cho K, Yamaguchi K, Kim D, Oda T. Increase in anti-inflammatory activities of radical-degraded porphyrans isolated from discolored nori (Pyropia yezoensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:78-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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30
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Priyan Shanura Fernando I, Kim KN, Kim D, Jeon YJ. Algal polysaccharides: potential bioactive substances for cosmeceutical applications. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2018; 39:1-15. [PMID: 30198346 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2018.1503995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cosmetics industry is one of the most profitable in the world today. This multi-billion-dollar industry has a profound sociological impact worldwide. Its influence is global, with most individuals being concerned with conserving their physical appearance, beauty, and youth. The consumers' desire for novel, better, and safer products has stimulated the utilization of natural-product-based cosmeceutical formulations over synthetic chemicals. With remarkable advancements in marine bioresource technology, algal polysaccharides have gained much attention as bioactive ingredients in cosmeceuticals. Algae biosynthesize a variety of polysaccharides including fucoidans, alginates, carrageenans, galactans, agar, porphyran, glucans, and ulvans, all of which exhibit distinctive structural and functional properties. Many of these materials have been proven to possess skin-protective effects, including anti-wrinkle, lightening, moisturizing, UV protective, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory activity. Moreover, they have a wide spectrum of physicochemical properties, such as the ability to form hydrogels, which extend their utilization as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and viscosity controlling ingredients in cosmeceuticals. Accordingly, algal hydrocolloids and their synthetic derivatives can also be applied in tissue engineering and cosmetic surgery. The challenge is to increase awareness about these polysaccharides and consequently generate value-added products. This review discusses the beneficial biological and physicochemical properties of algal polysaccharides, highlighting their potential in cosmeceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- b Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI) , Chuncheon , Republic of Korea
| | - Daekyung Kim
- c Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Kyungpook National University , Bukgu , Daegu , South Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- a Department of Marine Life Science , Jeju National University , Jeju , Republic of Korea
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31
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Ueno M, Cho K, Isaka S, Nishiguchi T, Yamaguchi K, Kim D, Oda T. Inhibitory effect of sulphated polysaccharide porphyran (isolated from Porphyra yezoensis)
on RANKL-induced differentiation of RAW264.7 cells into osteoclasts. Phytother Res 2017; 32:452-458. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikinori Ueno
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kichul Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB); Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Shogo Isaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Tomoki Nishiguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamaguchi
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI); Kyungpook National University; Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies; Nagasaki University; Nagasaki Japan
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32
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Protective effect of porphyran isolated from discolored nori ( Porphyra yezoensis ) on lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxin shock in mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 93:1273-1278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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33
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Lee JH, Kim HH, Ko JY, Jang JH, Kim GH, Lee JS, Nah JW, Jeon YJ. Rapid preparation of functional polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis by microwave-assistant rapid enzyme digest system. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 153:512-517. [PMID: 27561523 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.07.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes a simple preparation of functional polysaccharides from Pyropia yezoensis using a microwave-assistant rapid enzyme digest system (MAREDS) with various carbohydrases, and evaluates their antioxidative effects. Polysaccharide hydrolysates were prepared using MAREDS under different hydrolytic conditions of the carbohydrases and microwave powers. Polysaccharides less than 10kDa (Low molecular weight polysaccharides, LMWP, ≤10kDa) were efficiently obtained using an ultrafiltration (molecular weight cut-off of 10kDa). MAREDS increases AMG activation via an increased degree of hydrolysis; the best AMG hydrolysate was prepared using a 10:1 ratio of substrate to enzyme for 2h in MAREDS with 400W. LMWP consisted of galactose (27.3%), glucose (64.5%), and mannose (8.3%) from the AMG hydrolysate had stronger antioxidant effects than the high molecular weight polysaccharides (>10kDa). We rapidly prepared functional LMWPs by using MAREDS with carbohydrases, and suggest that LMWP might be potentially a valuable algal polysaccharide antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeok Lee
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Ko
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Ho Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh and VA Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gwang-Hoon Kim
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kongju National University, Kongju 314-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Suck Lee
- Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Woon Nah
- Department of High Polymer Engineering, Sunchon National University, Jungang-ro, Suncheon, Jeollanam-do, Republic of Korea.
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
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Wen ZS, Xiang XW, Jin HX, Guo XY, Liu LJ, Huang YN, OuYang XK, Qu YL. Composition and anti-inflammatory effect of polysaccharides from Sargassum horneri in RAW264.7 macrophages. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 88:403-13. [PMID: 26879911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides extracted from brown marine algae have been shown to possess a variety of biological activities. We assessed the potential activity of the sulfated polysaccharide from Sargassum horneri (SP) and its isolated two major components (fraction-1 (F1) and fraction-2 (F2)), on anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the present study, analysis of polysaccharide chemical composition found that the constituent ratios of sulfate ester and fucose in SP and F1 were 4.95% vs 7.6%, and 4.48% vs 55.9%, respectively, suggesting that F1 may be a major sulfated polysaccharide containing fucose. Meanwhile, our findings demonstrated that TNF-α secretion levels were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by SP and F1 treatments in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner under the preventive and repair experimental models. Pro-/anti-inflammatory (TNF-α/IL-10) cytokines secretion ratios by LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by SP and F1 treatments, particularly by F1 (at high dose, 200μg/ml). Moreover, NO release and iNOS activity were significantly (P<0.05) inhibited by F1. Collectively, the present study suggested that purified component, F1 from SP, had strong anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages in the preventive and repair manner through inhibiting TNF-α secretion levels and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Shun Wen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China.
| | - Xing-Wei Xiang
- Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
| | - Huo-Xi Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
| | - Li-Jia Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
| | - Yan-Na Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiao-Kun OuYang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China
| | - You-Le Qu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Engineering Technology Research Center of Marine Biomedical Products, Food and Pharmacy College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000, China.
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Lee HA, Kim IH, Nam TJ. Bioactive peptide from Pyropia yezoensis and its anti-inflammatory activities. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:1701-6. [PMID: 26497591 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyropia yezoensis (P. yezoensis) is an important marine algae. Its high protein content serves as a good source of biologically active peptides. Potent inhibitory effects on the production of inflammatory mediators were observed in a bioactive peptide derived from P. yezoensis (peptide from P. yezoensis; PPY1), as demonstrated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages. The present study showed that peptide concentrations ranging from 250 to 1,000 ng/ml had no significant cytotoxicity in the cell viability assay when applied to the RAW 264.7 cells for 24 h. PPY1 completely inhibited LPS‑stimulated nitric oxide (NO) release in a dose-dependent manner. Fluorescence intensity, corresponding to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by 10 ng/ml LPS-stimulated cells, significantly shifted, indicating that the peptide reduced the level of ROS. Furthermore, PPY1 exerted potent inhibitory activity to reduce the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) in LPS-stimulated macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. These results also showed that the anti-inflammatory activity of PPY1 was associated with downregulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, protein 38, and c-jun NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylation in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. In conclusion, PPY1 can have a significant role as an anti-inflammatory agent, with a potential for use in marine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ah Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619‑911, Republic of Korea
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36
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Cian RE, Drago SR, de Medina FS, Martínez-Augustin O. Proteins and Carbohydrates from Red Seaweeds: Evidence for Beneficial Effects on Gut Function and Microbiota. Mar Drugs 2015; 13:5358-83. [PMID: 26308006 PMCID: PMC4557026 DOI: 10.3390/md13085358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on their composition, marine algae, and namely red seaweeds, are good potential functional foods. Intestinal mucosal barrier function refers to the capacity of the intestine to provide adequate containment of luminal microorganisms and molecules. Here, we will first outline the component of seaweeds and will summarize the effects of these on the regulation of mucosal barrier function. Special attention will be paid to unique components of red seaweeds: proteins and derived peptides (e.g., phycobiliproteins, glycoproteins that contain “cellulose binding domains”, phycolectins and the related mycosporine-like amino acids) together with polysaccharides (e.g., floridean starch and sulfated galactans, such as carrageenans, agarans and “dl-hybrid”) and minerals. These compounds have been shown to exert prebiotic effects, to regulate intestinal epithelial cell, macrophage and lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation and to modulate the immune response. Molecular mechanisms of action of peptides and polysaccharides are starting to be elucidated, and evidence indicating the involvement of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFR), Toll-like receptors (TLR) and signal transduction pathways mediated by protein kinase B (PKB or AKT), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) will also be summarized. The need for further research is clear, but in vivo experiments point to an overall antiinflammatory effect of these algae, indicating that they can reinforce membrane barrier function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl E Cian
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, República Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
| | - Silvina R Drago
- Instituto de Tecnología de Alimentos, Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, 1° de Mayo 3250, (3000) Santa Fe, República Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, República Argentina.
| | - Fermín Sánchez de Medina
- Department of Pharmacology, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustin
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos José Mataix, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Universidad de Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria. ibs. GRANADA, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
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Bhatia S, Sharma K, Nagpal K, Bera T. Investigation of the factors influencing the molecular weight of porphyran and its associated antifungal activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcdf.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zhou R, Shi X, Gao Y, Cai N, Jiang Z, Xu X. Anti-inflammatory activity of guluronate oligosaccharides obtained by oxidative degradation from alginate in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:160-168. [PMID: 25483391 DOI: 10.1021/jf503548a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Alginate has notably diverse pharmacological activities. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory activity of the guluronate oligosaccharides prepared by oxidative degradation (GOS-OD) from alginate. GOS-OD significantly attenuated the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, GOS-OD potently decreased the binding of LPS to the cell surface and LPS-induced Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD) 14 expression. Additionally, GOS-OD could remarkably inhibit the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathways in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that GOS-OD may reduce the LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses through blocking the activation of NF-κB and MAP kinases, suggesting that GOS-OD may be considered as a potential nutraceutical for inflammation.
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Isaka S, Cho K, Nakazono S, Abu R, Ueno M, Kim D, Oda T. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of porphyran isolated from discolored nori (Porphyra yezoensis). Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 74:68-75. [PMID: 25499893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We found that discolored waste nori with no commercial value, contains much higher level of porphyran than normal nori that is a sheeted food stuff prepared from P. yezoensis used in sushi. Chemical analyses revealed that mean molecular mass of the porphyran prepared from discolored nori (dc-porphyran) was much lower than that of the porphyran from normal nori (n-porphyran). Dc-porphyran showed slightly greater scavenging activity toward superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical than n-porphyran. Dc-porphyran inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells through preventing the expression of inducible NO synthase, whereas no such activity was observed in n-porphyran. Since acid-hydrolyzed n-porphyran showed the inhibitory activity on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, the molecular size of porphyran was suggested to be a critical factor for the activity. Dc-porphyran was separated into 4 fractions (F1-F4) on DEAE-chromatography, and F1 showed the highest inhibitory effect on NO production from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Our results indicate that discolored waste nori is useful as a source of porphyran with even better bioactivities than porphyran from normal nori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Isaka
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kichul Cho
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Satoru Nakazono
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ryogo Abu
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mikinori Ueno
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daekyung Kim
- Korea University of Science and Technology, 217 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Jeju center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Graduate School of Fisheries Science and Environmental Studies, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan; Division of Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan.
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Lin HW, Chen YC, Liu CW, Yang DJ, Chen SY, Chang TJ, Chang YY. Regulation of virus-induced inflammatory response by Dunaliella salina alga extract in macrophages. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 71:159-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Laver JR, McLean S, Bowman LAH, Harrison LJ, Read RC, Poole RK. Nitrosothiols in bacterial pathogens and pathogenesis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 18:309-22. [PMID: 22768799 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.4767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The formation and degradation of S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are important mechanisms of post-translational protein modification and appear to be ubiquitous in biology. These processes play well-characterized roles in eukaryotic cells, including a variety of pathologies and in relation to chronic conditions. We know little of the roles of these processes in pathogenic and other bacteria. RECENT ADVANCES It is clear, mostly from growth and transcriptional studies, that bacteria sense and respond to exogenous SNOs. These responses are phenotypically and mechanistically distinct from the responses of bacteria to nitric oxide (NO) and NO-releasing agents, as well as peroxynitrite. Small SNOs, such as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), are accumulated by bacteria with the result that intracellular S-nitrosoproteins (the 'S-nitrosoproteome') are detectable. Recently, conditions for endogenous SNO formation in enterobacteria have been described. CRITICAL ISSUES The propensity of intracellular proteins to form SNOs is presumably constrained by the same rules of selectivity that have been discovered in eukaryotic systems, but is also influenced by uniquely bacterial NO detoxification systems, exemplified by the flavohemoglobin Hmp in enterobacteria and NO reductase of meningococci. Furthermore, the bacterial expression of such proteins impacts upon the formation of SNOs in mammalian hosts. FUTURE DIRECTIONS The impairment during bacterial infections of specific SNO events in the mammalian host is of considerable interest in the context of proteins involved in innate immunity and intracellular signalling. In bacteria, numerous mechanisms of S-nitrosothiol degradation have been reported (e.g., GSNO reductase); others are thought to operate, based on consideration of their mammalian counterparts. The nitrosothiols of bacteria and particularly of pathogens warrant more intensive investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R Laver
- Department of Infection and Immunity, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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Su CA, Xu XY, Liu DY, Wu M, Zeng FQ, Zeng MY, Wei W, Jiang N, Luo X. Isolation and characterization of exopolysaccharide with immunomodulatory activity from fermentation broth of Morchella conica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:5. [PMID: 23351529 PMCID: PMC3598878 DOI: 10.1186/2008-2231-21-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background and the purpose of this study Mushroom polysaccharides have traditionally been used for the prevention and treatment of a multitude of disorders like infectious illnesses, cancers and various autoimmune diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest that certain polysaccharides affect immune system function. Morchella conica (M. conica) is a species of rare edible mushroom whose multiple medicinal functions have been proven. Thus, the objective of this study is to isolate and characterize of exopolysaccharide from submerged mycelial culture of M. conica, and to evaluate its immunomodulatory activity. Methods A water-soluble Morchella conica Polysaccharides (MCP) were extracted and isolated from the fermentation broth of M. conica through a combination of DEAE-cellulose and Sephacryl S-300 HR chromatograph. NMR and IR spectroscopy has played a developing role in identification of polysaccharide with different structure and composition from fungal and plant sources, as well as complex glycosaminoglycans of animal origin. Thus, NMR and IR spectroscopy were used to analyze the chemical structure and composition of the isolated polysaccharide. Moreover, the polysaccharide was tested for its immunomodulatory activity at different concentrations using in vitro model. Results The results showed that MCP may significantly modulate nitric oxide production in macrophages, and promote splenocytes proliferation. Analysis from HPLC, infrared spectra and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed that MCP was a homogeneous mannan with an average molecular weight of approximately 81.2 kDa. The glycosidic bond links is →6)-α-D-Man p-(1→. Conclusion The results suggested that the extracted MCP may modulate nitric oxide production in macrophages and promote splenocytes proliferation, and it may act as a potent immunomodulatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-An Su
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Science, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Barros FC, da Silva DC, Sombra VG, Maciel JS, Feitosa JP, Freitas AL, de Paula RC. Structural characterization of polysaccharide obtained from red seaweed Gracilaria caudata (J Agardh). Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:598-603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liao CH, Lin JY. Purification, partial characterization and anti-inflammatory characteristics of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) plumule polysaccharides. Food Chem 2012; 135:1818-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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