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Drobnjaković T, Prijović M, Dervišević M, Brkić D, Ricupero M, Marčić D. Side effects of semi-synthetic insecticide spinetoram on the whitefly parasitoid Encarsia formosa. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39340244 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide risk assessment for biological control agents is essential for implementing integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Spinetoram is a naturally derived insecticide used to control a variety of agricultural sap-sucking insect pests, and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) plays a key role in the biocontrol of greenhouse whiteflies. Despite its presumed safe ecotoxicological profile, the side effects of spinetoram on E. formosa are partially unknown, especially at sublethal doses. In the laboratory, we estimated the lethal concentrations (LC) of spinetoram on E. formosa by topical exposure of pupae and 48 h residual contact exposure of emerged adults. Afterwards, we assessed the impact of spinetoram LCs on the life history traits (juvenile development, adult longevity, parasitism, adult emergence) and population growth parameter (the instantaneous rate of increase, ri) of the parasitoid. RESULTS Probit analysis allowed the estimation of LC10 = 0.10 mg/L, LC50 = 0.56 mg/L, and LC90 = 3.28 mg/L. Spinetoram at LC10 had no impact on the observed parameters of E. formosa. Conversely, spinetoram at LC50 and LC90 significantly reduced adult longevity by 19.2% and 40.6%, total parasitism by 33.4% and 38.7%, and total adult emergence by 29.6% and 39.1%, respectively. Also, the ri of E. formosa was significantly affected by spinetoram LC50 and LC90 with a reduction of 8.17 and 29.83%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that spinetoram significantly threatens the effectiveness of E. formosa when applied at the field recommended rate. However, further validation of spinetoram under greenhouse conditions is required for a comprehensive risk assessment for E. formosa in IPM programs. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirjana Prijović
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Dervišević
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dragica Brkić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Michele Ricupero
- Department of Agriculture Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Dejan Marčić
- Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection, Belgrade, Serbia
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Lewandowska-Wosik A, Chudzińska EM. Fluctuating Asymmetry Spotted Wing Drosophila (Diptera: Drosophilidae) Exposed to Sublethal Doses of Acetamiprid and Nicotine. INSECTS 2024; 15:681. [PMID: 39336649 PMCID: PMC11432000 DOI: 10.3390/insects15090681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to low concentrations of toxic substances can cause several adverse consequences ranging from molecular to morphological. Sublethal doses may also lead to increased tolerance in the offspring of surviving individuals. One of the consequences of such stress is deviations from the ideal body symmetry during development, reflected by increased levels of fluctuating asymmetry (FA). This research aimed to verify FA in the wing veins of insects belonging to the Drosophilidae family-Drosophila suzukii, a fruit pest controlled by the insecticide acetamiprid, a neonicotinoid. To determine whether FA varied depending on insecticides present in the diet, multigenerational cultures of D. suzukii were carried out on media supplemented with different concentrations (below the LC50) of two insecticides. Nicotine was used as a positive control. Fecundity decreased, the number of insects decreased, and breeding did not continue beyond the tenth generation. However, the FA level at different concentrations was similar, and high FA values were observed even at lower acetamiprid concentrations. We did not see significant changes in FA levels in subsequent generations. D. suzukii proved extremely sensitive to acetamiprid, and FA is a good index of this sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anetta Lewandowska-Wosik
- Department of Genetic, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, 61-614 Poznan, Poland;
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Fellin L, Dal Zotto G, Lisi F, Chiesa SG, Saddi A, Fusillo M, Anfora G, Biondi A, Mori N, Rossi Stacconi MV. Assessment of non-target toxicity of insecticides on Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) in laboratory and field conditions. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 38995122 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND G1 strain Ganaspis brasiliensis (Ihering) has been recently released in both Europe and America as a biological control agent of the spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). In initial phases of classical biological control programs, it becomes imperative to evaluate the susceptibility of parasitoids to insecticides, to identify the best alternatives to adopt in an integrated pest management and organic perspective. In this study, we evaluated lethal and sublethal effects of topical application of five different insecticides classes: neonicotinoids, diamides, pyrethroids, organophosphates and spinosyns. Additionally, we tested residual toxicity in field trials in vineyards and sweet cherry orchards. RESULTS Adult wasps' susceptibility to different insecticides' classes were consistent between laboratory and field. Spinosad exhibited the highest toxicity, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.00372 of the maximum field dose, and the highest knock-down effect in field trials, causing 92.5 ± 5% of mortality at T0. λ-cyhalothrin showed sublethal effects on both male and female insects' longevity when applied at LC30. In field trials, deltamethrin showed the highest persistence, causing significant parasitoid mortality up to 14 days after treatment. Conversely, cyantraniliprole was the least toxic active ingredient according to both topical and residual bioassays, even though its residues caused mortality up to 7 days after the treatment in the field. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that spinosad and λ-cyhalothrin are highly toxic to G. brasiliensis, making them incompatible with classical biological control programs. Cyantraniliprole exhibited lower toxicity, and may be considered a selective pesticide for the integrated management of D. suzukii. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Fellin
- Center for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Fabrizio Lisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Alberto Saddi
- Center for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Matteo Fusillo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Center for Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nicola Mori
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Lisi F, Cavallaro C, Pitruzzello MF, Arnó J, Desneux N, Han P, Wang X, Zappalà L, Biondi A, Gugliuzzo A. Compatibility of Bioinsecticides with Parasitoids for Enhanced Integrated Pest Management of Drosophila suzukii and Tuta absoluta. INSECTS 2024; 15:467. [PMID: 39057200 PMCID: PMC11276850 DOI: 10.3390/insects15070467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii and Tuta absoluta are successful biological invaders of agroecosystems. Their integrated pest management (IPM) programs involve the release and/or conservation of natural enemies. Among these, Ganaspis kimorum is a major Asian parasitoid of D. suzukii and has been introduced as a classical biological control agent of this pest in Europe and North America, while Necremnus tutae is a key fortuitous parasitoid of T. absoluta in the Mediterranean region. Bioinsecticides represent key alternatives to chemicals for controlling both pests. This study investigated the potential compatibility of both parasitoids with Beauveria bassiana, Bacillus thuringiensis, garlic essential oil (EO), and spinosad, in comparison to two synthetic insecticides, cyantraniliprole and chlorantraniliprole. The results showed that combining each of the tested insecticides with G. kimorum slightly increased pest mortality compared to the insecticide alone. Necremnus tutae had a significant additive effect on host mortality when combined with insecticides. Beauveria bassiana and B. thuringiensis were most compatible with both parasitoid species. Both garlic EO and chlorantraniliprole impaired the survival of immature N. tutae and showed sublethal toxicity on the reproductive and non-reproductive behaviors of N. tutae. Spinosad exhibited high acute toxicity on both juvenile and adult parasitoids of both species. Overall, these findings provide useful insights into insecticide selectivity toward two key parasitoids and offer new knowledge on the potential of combining natural enemies and bioinsecticides for optimized IPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Carmelo Cavallaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Maria Flavia Pitruzzello
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Judit Arnó
- Sustainable Plant Protection Program, Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), 08348 Cabrils, Spain;
| | - Nicolas Desneux
- INRAE, CNRS, UMR ISA, Université Côte d’Azur, 06000 Nice, France;
| | - Peng Han
- Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China;
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA;
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonio Gugliuzzo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy; (F.L.); (C.C.); (M.F.P.); (L.Z.); (A.B.)
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Krüger AP, Garcez AM, Scheunemann T, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Trichopria anastrephae as a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii in Strawberries. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:216-224. [PMID: 38206509 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
In South America, the resident pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Costa Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) is a potential biological control agent of the pest Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae). In the present study, we (1) examined the behavior of T. anastrephae towards different host (D. suzukii) and host-substrate (strawberry) cues in choice and non-choice bioassays in laboratory, and (2) examined the density-dependent parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii-infested strawberries in a greenhouse. When given a choice, female parasitoids walked longer over chambers with fruits infested with eggs, larvae, or pupae of D. suzukii, when compared to healthy uninfested strawberries, and over overripe fruits when compared to unripe or ripe fruits. In the greenhouse assay, we observed an increase in parasitism and a decrease in the number of D. suzukii emerging per fruit with an increase in the number of parasitoids released. Our results allow a better understanding of the behavior and parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii-infested strawberries and provide useful data for potential biological control programs using this parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda M Garcez
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Laboratoy of Entomology, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Krüger AP, Garcez AM, Scheunemann T, Bernardi D, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Reproductive Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a Biological Control Agent of Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:38-46. [PMID: 38032474 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Hymenopteran parasitoids, like any other insect, employ strategies to ensure their reproduction. Understanding these strategies is important for ecological purposes, but also to improve mass rearing of biological control agents. Here, we describe mating strategies used by the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae), a potential biocontrol agent, that has been considered for augmentative releases for management of the invasive pest species Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae). We studied the emergence pattern of males and females of T. anastrephae and the effects of parental ae on offspring number and sex ratio. Polygamy was also studied and its effects on parasitism and offspring production were described. Adults from this species emerge in the first hours of photophase, and males emerge before females, demonstrating that T. anastrephae is a protandrous species. Parasitoid age when first mated influences the parasitism and sex ratio. Younger females result in a higher number of offspring (8.16 parasitoids/day), while older males result in a more female-biased sex ratio of offspring (64% females). Both males and females are polygamic, and the order in which a female is mated by the male affects parasitism, viability of parasitized pupae, and sex ratio of offspring, with the first female performing the highest parasitism and sex ratio (63.83 and 61% of females, respectively), but the lowest viability (92.92%). Females that are allowed to mate multiple times generate lower numbers of offspring (113.05 parasitoids) when compared to virgin or single-mated females (135.20 and 130.70 parasitoids, respectively), but the highest sex ratio (49% of females). Data present in this study and how it can be used to improve parasitoid rearing and field releases of T. anastrephae, in biological control programs for D. suzukii are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Amanda M Garcez
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, UFPel, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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Lisi F, Mansour R, Cavallaro C, Alınç T, Porcu E, Ricupero M, Zappalà L, Desneux N, Biondi A. Sublethal effects of nine insecticides on Drosophila suzukii and its major pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5003-5014. [PMID: 37548138 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the pupal parasitoid Trichopria drosophilae is used in conservative and augmentative biocontrol of Drosophila suzukii infestations, current pest management strategies mostly rely on multiple insecticide applications. In this context, the aim of the study was to investigate the baseline toxicity of nine insecticides on D. suzukii larvae and their multiple sublethal effects (LC10 ) on immature stages of the pest feeding on contaminated diet and T. drosophilae developing within the intoxicated host. RESULTS Chlorpyriphos and azadirachtin showed the lowest and the highest LC10 , the values of which were 9.78 × 1013 and 1.46 × 103 times lower than their recommended label field rate, respectively. Among tested insecticides, imidacloprid, malathion and dimethoate were the only treatments that did not affect the juvenile development time of D. suzukii, while spinosad and the organophosphates chlorpyriphos and dimethoate did not influence fly pupal size. No sublethal effects were recorded on T. drosophilae degree of infestation (DI) and juvenile development time. On the contrary, cyazypyr and dimethoate negatively affected the success of parasitism (SP) and the number of progeny of the pupal parasitoid, in association with malathion for the first parameter and spinosad for the fertility. Compared to the untreated control, more female progeny emerged following azadirachtin exposure, while dimethoate caused the opposite effect. Imidacloprid, lambda-cyhalothrin and spinetoram decreased hind tibia length of emerged parasitoids. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights on the (eco)toxicological profile of nine insecticides and new information needed to support the deployment of T. drosophilae in the field within the sustainable management techniques against D. suzukii. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Lisi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Ramzi Mansour
- Section of Biological Sciences, University of Carthage, ISEP-BG La Soukra, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Carmelo Cavallaro
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Tuğcan Alınç
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emanuele Porcu
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Michele Ricupero
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Zappalà
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Bošković D, Vuković S, Lazić S, Baser N, Čulum D, Tekić D, Žunić A, Šušnjar A, Šunjka D. Insecticidal Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3727. [PMID: 37960084 PMCID: PMC10647715 DOI: 10.3390/plants12213727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila (SWD), Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is an invasive polyphagous pest of soft-skinned fruit that has started to threaten small fruit production in Europe since 2008. High reproductive capacity, short generation time, and difficulties in visualizing early damage contribute to its rapid spread. Currently, the control strategy against D. suzukii mostly relies on treatment with synthetic insecticides. Keeping in mind that this pest causes the greatest damage during the harvesting period, control using chemicals is not recommended due to the increased risk of high pesticide residue levels in the fruit. With the aim of reducing the use of insecticides, there is a need for developing an environmentally safer way of control. Alternative solutions could rely on the use of essential oils (EOs), which can be used in conventional and organic production systems. Four essential oils, geranium (Pelargonium graveolens), dill (Anethum graveolens), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), and bergamot (Citrus bergamia), were assessed for their insecticidal effects using four different tests (contact toxicity, fumigant-contact toxicity, repellent effect, and multiple-choice tests). The EOs applied were dissolved in acetone at three different concentrations. The most promising one was the geranium essential oil, which had the best effect in all conducted tests, even at the lowest applied concentration. Geranium oil caused very high mortality (95%), even at the lowest concentration applied, after 24 h in the fumigant-contact test, and it caused a mortality of over 85% in the contact test. It was also noticed that geranium demonstrated a deterrent effect by repelling females from laying eggs for four days after at the lowest applied concentration. Scots pine and dill EOs have moderate to strong effects in most tests. The mortality of 100% was achieved for the highest applied concentration in the fumigant-contact and contact tests. Bergamot EO did not have any significant insecticidal activity. Geranium, Scots pine, and dill have great potential to be used as an environmentally friendly way of controlling D. suzukii as they exhibit deterrent, repellent, and insecticidal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragana Bošković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Slavica Vuković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Sanja Lazić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Nuray Baser
- CIHEAM-IAMB—International Centre for Advanced Mediterranean Agronomic Studies, 70010 Bari, Italy;
| | - Dušan Čulum
- Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 33-35, 71000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina;
| | - Dragana Tekić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Antonije Žunić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Aleksandra Šušnjar
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
| | - Dragana Šunjka
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia; (S.V.); (S.L.); (D.T.); (A.Ž.); (A.Š.)
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Mantilla Afanador JG, Araujo SHC, Teixeira MG, Lopes DT, Cerceau CI, Andreazza F, Oliveira DC, Bernardi D, Moura WS, Aguiar RWS, Oliveira ACSS, Santos GR, Alvarenga ES, Oliveira EE. Novel Lactone-Based Insecticides and Drosophila suzukii Management: Synthesis, Potential Action Mechanisms and Selectivity for Non-Target Parasitoids. INSECTS 2023; 14:697. [PMID: 37623407 PMCID: PMC10455539 DOI: 10.3390/insects14080697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii, an invasive insect pest, poses a significant threat to various fruit crops. The use of broad-spectrum insecticides to control this pest can reduce the effectiveness of biological control agents, such as the parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae. Here, we evaluated the toxicity of newly synthesized lactone derivatives on D. suzukii and their selectivity towards T. anastrephae. We used in silico approaches to identify potential targets from the most promising molecules in the D. suzukii nervous system and to understand potential differences in susceptibilities between D. suzukii and its parasitoid. Of the nine molecules tested, (rac)-8 and compound 4 demonstrated efficacy against the fly. Exposure to the estimated LC90 of (rac)-8 and compound 4 resulted in a mortality rate of less than 20% for T. anastrephae without impairing the parasitoid's functional parasitism. The in silico predictions suggest that (rac)-8 and compound 4 target gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) receptors and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels of D. suzukii. However, only the reduced interaction with TRP channels in T. anastrephae demonstrated a potential reason for the selectivity of these compounds on the parasitoid. Our findings suggest the potential for integrating (rac)-8 and compound 4 into D. suzukii management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier G. Mantilla Afanador
- Research Institute in Microbiology and Agroindustrial Biotechnology, Universidad Católica de Manizales, Carrera 23, 60–63, Manizales 170002, Colombia;
| | - Sabrina H. C. Araujo
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Milena G. Teixeira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil (E.S.A.)
| | - Dayane T. Lopes
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil (E.S.A.)
| | - Cristiane I. Cerceau
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil (E.S.A.)
| | - Felipe Andreazza
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Daiana C. Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Mailbox 354, Capão-do-Leão 96010-900, RS, Brazil (D.B.)
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Mailbox 354, Capão-do-Leão 96010-900, RS, Brazil (D.B.)
| | - Wellington S. Moura
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia—Rede Bionorte, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil
| | - Raimundo W. S. Aguiar
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (G.R.S.)
| | - Ana C. S. S. Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (G.R.S.)
| | - Gil R. Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Gurupi 77402-970, TO, Brazil; (R.W.S.A.); (G.R.S.)
| | - Elson S. Alvarenga
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil (E.S.A.)
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Departamento de Entomologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil;
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10
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Buonocore Biancheri MJ, Núñez-Campero SR, Suárez L, Ponssa MD, Kirschbaum DS, Garcia FRM, Ovruski SM. Implications of the Niche Partitioning and Coexistence of Two Resident Parasitoids for Drosophila suzukii Management in Non-Crop Areas. INSECTS 2023; 14:222. [PMID: 36975907 PMCID: PMC10051101 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms associated with the coexistence of competing parasitoid species is critical in approaching any biological control strategy against the globally invasive pest spotted-wing drosophila (=SWD), Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura). This study assessed the coexistence of two resident pupal parasitoids, Trichopria anastrephae Lima and Pachycrepoideus vindemiae Rondani, in SWD-infested fruit, in disturbed wild vegetation areas of Tucumán, northwestern Argentina, based on niche segregation. Drosophilid puparia were collected between December/2016 and April/2017 from three different pupation microhabitats in fallen feral peach and guava. These microhabitats were "inside flesh (mesocarp)", "outside flesh", but associated with the fruit, and "soil", i.e., puparia buried close to fruit. Saprophytic drosophilid puparia (=SD) belonging to the Drosophila melanogaster group and SWD were found in all tested microhabitats. SD predominated in both inside and outside flesh, whereas SWD in soil. Both parasitoids attacked SWD puparia. However, T. anastrephae emerged mainly from SD puparia primarily in the inside flesh, whereas P. vindemiae mostly foraged SWD puparia in less competitive microhabitats, such as in the soil or outside the flesh. Divergence in host choice and spatial patterns of same-resource preferences between both parasitoids may mediate their coexistence in non-crop environments. Given this scenario, both parasitoids have potential as SWD biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Josefina Buonocore Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero
- Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica de La Rioja (CRILAR), Provincia de La Rioja, UNLaR, SEGEMAR, UNCa, CONICET, Entre Ríos y Mendoza s/n, Anillaco 5301, La Rioja, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Instituto de Biología de la Conservación y Paleobiología, Universidad Nacional de La Rioja (UNLaR), Av. Luis M. de la Fuente s/n., Ciudad de La Rioja 5300, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - Lorena Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)—Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, CONICET, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, San Juan, Argentina
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Argentina Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, Capital 5400, San Juan, Argentina
| | - Marcos Darío Ponssa
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Daniel Santiago Kirschbaum
- INTA Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Tucumán Ruta Prov. 301, km 32, Famaillá 4132, Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra Horticultura, Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Tucumán, Argentina
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11
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Pereira HC, Pereira FF, Insabrald VB, Rodrigues A, Lucchetta JT, Silva FWS, Fernandes WC, Carneiro ZDF, Périgo PHB, Zanuncio JC. Selectivity of Insecticides to a Pupal Parasitoid, Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), of Soybean Caterpillars. INSECTS 2023; 14:217. [PMID: 36975902 PMCID: PMC10053883 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selectivity is an important aspect of modern insecticides to be able to target pests whilst maintaining beneficial entomofauna in the crop. The present objective was to assess the selectivity of different insecticides for the pupal parasitoid of soybean caterpillars, i.e., Trichospilus diatraeae Cherian & Margabandhu, 1942 (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae). Acephate, azadirachtin, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), deltamethrin, lufenuron, teflubenzuron and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin at the highest recommended concentrations for the soybean looper Chrysodeixis includens (Walker, [1858]) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as well as water in the control, were used against the pupal parasitoid T. diatraeae. The insecticides and the control were sprayed on the soybean leaves, which were left to dry naturally and placed in cages with T. diatraeae females in each one. Survival data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the means were compared using Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Survival curves were plotted according to the Kaplan-Meier method, and the pairs of curves were compared using the log-rank test at 5% probability. The insecticides azadirachtin, Bt, lufenuron and teflubenzuron did not affect T. diatraeae survival, while deltamethrin and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin presented low toxicity and acephate was highly toxic, causing 100% mortality in the parasitoid. Azadirachtin, Bt, lufenuron and teflubenzuron are selective for T. diatraeae and could be used in IPM programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helter Carlos Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - Fabricio Fagundes Pereira
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - Vitor Bortolanza Insabrald
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - Augusto Rodrigues
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Terilli Lucchetta
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | | | - Winnie Cezario Fernandes
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - Zenilda de Fatima Carneiro
- Departamento de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Pato Branco 85503, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique Breda Périgo
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804, Brazil
| | - José Cola Zanuncio
- Departamento de Entomologia/BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570, Brazil
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12
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Essential Oils as a Source of Ecofriendly Insecticides for Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) and Their Potential Non-Target Effects. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196215. [PMID: 36234751 PMCID: PMC9571007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The spotted wing drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is one of the main invasive pests of small fruits in the world. Thus, 19 essential oils (EOs) were selected to analyze the effects through toxicity and repellency on oviposition and D. suzukii adults. In addition, their lethal and sublethal effects on the pupal endoparasitoid Trichopria anastrephae were evaluated. The EOs of C. flexuosus and Mentha spp. had the highest toxicity observed in the topical application bioassay for D. suzukii. In contrast, the EOs of C. verum, C. citratus QT citratus, and C. winterianus showed the highest toxicity in the ingestion bioassay for D. suzukii. The dry residues of C. verum and C. citratus QT citratus reduced the oviposition of D. suzukii. In the repellency bioassays, the 19 EOs analyzed repelled ≅ 90% of the D. suzukii females. All EOs evaluated using the LC90 values of the products provided mortality of less than 20% of T. anastrephae adults and did not cause a reduction in the parasitism of surviving T. anastrephae females. We conclude that the EOs evaluated have the potential to be used in the management of D. suzukii. They can also serve as selective active ingredients for the formulation and synthesis of new biopesticides.
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13
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Garcia FRM, Lasa R, Funes CF, Buzzetti K. Drosophila suzukii Management in Latin America: Current Status and Perspectives. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1008-1023. [PMID: 35595171 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, was first established in Latin America in Mexico in 2011. The vinegar fly has since been detected in 296 municipalities in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Mexico, and Uruguay. Drosophila suzukii is polyphagous and is found on 64 host plants in 25 families in Latin America, with most hosts also exotic species. In Latin America, D. suzukii is attacked by 14 species of parasitoid wasps in the families Diapriidae, Figitidae, and Pteromalidae, which are promising native parasitoids for control of the pest. This article analyzes results from studies on monitoring, biological, chemical, and cultural control, and sterile insect techniques to provide a basis for the development of area-wide and sustainable D. suzukii management programs in Latin America. The review examines how D. suzukii has been managed in Latin America and how research conducted in this region can contribute to management of the species in other parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Instituto de Biologia, Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, 96010-900, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lasa
- Instituto de Ecología AC, Red de Manejo Biorracional de Plagas y Vectores, 91073 Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Claudia F Funes
- INTA Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Famaillá, Ruta Provincial 301, Km 32, 4132 Famaillá, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karina Buzzetti
- Consultora AgriDevelopment Ltda, Napoleón 3565 of 202, 7550219, Las Condes, Chile
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14
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Trombin de Souza M, Trombin de Souza M, Bernardi D, Oliveira DDC, Morais MC, de Melo DJ, Richardi VS, Zarbin PHG, Zawadneak MAC. Essential Oil of Rosmarinus officinalis Ecotypes and Their Major Compounds: Insecticidal and Histological Assessment Against Drosophila suzukii and Their Impact on a Nontarget Parasitoid. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:955-966. [PMID: 34865075 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) produced by plants in the Lamiaceae family may provide new insecticidal molecules. Novel control compounds are needed to control Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), a severe economic invasive pest of thin-skinned fruit crops. Thus, we characterized the main compounds of EOs from three rosemary Rosmarinus officinalis ecotypes (ECOs) and evaluated their toxicity to D. suzukii adults, deterrence of oviposition behavior, and histological alterations in larvae. Additionally, we analyzed the lethal and sublethal effect on the pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae. The main compounds identified in the R. officinalis ECOs were α-pinene, camphor and 1,8-cineole. In bioassays via topical application or ingestion, ECOs and their major compounds showed high toxicity on D. suzukii adults and a lower concentration could kill 50% and 90% of flies compared to spinetoram. The dry residues of a-pinene, 1,8-cineole, and camphor provided a repellent effect by reducing D. suzukii oviposition by ~47% compared to untreated fruit. Histological sections of 3rd instar larval D. suzukii posttreatment revealed damage to the fat body, Malpighian tubules, brain, salivary gland, and midgut, which contributed to high larval and pupal mortality. Survival and parasitism by adult T. anastrephae were not affected. Thus, R. officinalis EO and their compounds have potential for developing novel insecticides to manage D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daiana da Costa Oliveira
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Faculty of Agronomy, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Morais MC, Rakes M, Pasini RA, Grützmacher AD, Nava DE, Bernardi D. Toxicity and Transgenerational Effects of Insecticides on Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:143-150. [PMID: 34936065 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-021-00925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Trichopria anastrephae Costa Lima, 1940 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) is a pupal endoparasitoid of Drosophila suzukii Matsumura, 1931 (Diptera: Drosophilidae) in Brazil. This species is of great agricultural importance and is almost exclusively managed by organophosphate, spinosyn, pyrethroid, neonicotinoid, and avermectin insecticides. However, frequent application of insecticides can have negative effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal and transgenerational toxicity of five insecticides on T. anastrephae adults during the F0, F1, and F2 generations. Drosophila suzukii puparia were sprayed prior to their exposure to T. anastrephae for 24 h. Parameters evaluated in generation F0 were mortality and rate of parasitism. After the emergence of the F1 generation, the emergence rate and sex ratio were analyzed. Then, pairs of parasitoids were selected from F1 and pupae; the host was offered to evaluate parasitism, emergence, and sex ratio of the F2 generation. In the F0 generation, malathion was the only insecticide that caused 100% mortality of adults of T. anastrephae. However, all insecticides tested affected the parasitism rate, being classified as moderately to slightly harmful. In F1, the emergence of T. anastrephae was also affected, making the insecticides moderately to slightly harmful. However, there were no significant differences in the sex ratio and parasitism rate or the parameters evaluated in F2, which means that all products were classified as harmless. These results are important for the development of Integrated Management programs for D. suzukii and for the conservation of natural populations of T. anastrephae in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Chagas Morais
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson Dionei Grützmacher
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agronomy, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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16
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Cardoso TDN, Stupp P, Rakes M, Martins MB, da Silva Filho JG, Grützmacher AD, Nava DE, Bernardi D, Botton M. Lethal and Sublethal Toxicity of Pesticides Used in Fruit Growing on the Parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Implications for Integrated Fruit Fly Management. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:2412-2420. [PMID: 34608487 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The larval-pupal endoparasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) is considered one of the main biological control agents of fruit flies Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (1824) and Anastrepha fraterculus Wiedemann (1830) in Central and South America. The application of pesticides for disease and insect-pest management in fruit species may have adverse effects on the parasitoid. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lethal and sublethal effects via residual contact of commercial pesticide formulations on D. longicaudata. The active ingredients thiamethoxam, indoxacarb, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, spinetoram, spinosad, phosmet, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, dimethoate, and methidationa showed high toxicity to adults (100% mortality) after 96 h and were classified as harmful (Class 4). In contrast, the formulations of azadirachtin (Agroneem 850 EC, Azact 2.4 EC, Azamax 12 EC, and Fitoneem 850 EC), chlorantraniliprole, bordeaux mixture, sulfur, lufenuron, lime sulphur, novalurom, and mancozeb were rated as innocuous (<10% mortality). In addition, the formulations azadirachtin did not reduce the parasitism and the emergence rate of the F0 generation, the same pesticides added to chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin A+B (Agroneem 850 EC), and lufenuron did not cause reduction in parasitism and emergence rate of the F1 generation of D. longicaudata. The use of pyrethroids, organophosphates, spinosyns, oxadiazines, and neonicotinoids should be used with caution in IPM programs. While pesticides chlorantraniliprole, azadirachtin formulations, bordeaux mixture, lufenuron, lime sulphur, and mancozeb do not cause lethal and sublethal effects for D. longicaudata adults. The results of this study provide important information for use in integrated pest management programs for fruit fly management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paloma Stupp
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
| | - Matheus Rakes
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel Bernardi
- Department of Plant Protection, Federal University of Pelotas, Capão do Leão, Brazil
| | - Marcos Botton
- Embrapa Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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17
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Tait G, Mermer S, Stockton D, Lee J, Avosani S, Abrieux A, Anfora G, Beers E, Biondi A, Burrack H, Cha D, Chiu JC, Choi MY, Cloonan K, Crava CM, Daane KM, Dalton DT, Diepenbrock L, Fanning P, Ganjisaffar F, Gómez MI, Gut L, Grassi A, Hamby K, Hoelmer KA, Ioriatti C, Isaacs R, Klick J, Kraft L, Loeb G, Rossi-Stacconi MV, Nieri R, Pfab F, Puppato S, Rendon D, Renkema J, Rodriguez-Saona C, Rogers M, Sassù F, Schöneberg T, Scott MJ, Seagraves M, Sial A, Van Timmeren S, Wallingford A, Wang X, Yeh DA, Zalom FG, Walton VM. Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): A Decade of Research Towards a Sustainable Integrated Pest Management Program. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 114:1950-1974. [PMID: 34516634 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toab158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) also known as spotted-wing drosophila (SWD), is a pest native to Southeast Asia. In the last few decades, the pest has expanded its range to affect all major European and American fruit production regions. SWD is a highly adaptive insect that is able to disperse, survive, and flourish under a range of environmental conditions. Infestation by SWD generates both direct and indirect economic impacts through yield losses, shorter shelf life of infested fruit, and increased production costs. Fresh markets, frozen berries, and fruit export programs have been impacted by the pest due to zero tolerance for fruit infestation. As SWD control programs rely heavily on insecticides, exceedance of maximum residue levels (MRLs) has also resulted in crop rejections. The economic impact of SWD has been particularly severe for organic operations, mainly due to the limited availability of effective insecticides. Integrated pest management (IPM) of SWD could significantly reduce chemical inputs but would require substantial changes to horticultural management practices. This review evaluates the most promising methods studied as part of an IPM strategy against SWD across the world. For each of the considered techniques, the effectiveness, impact, sustainability, and stage of development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Tait
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Serhan Mermer
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Dara Stockton
- USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Jana Lee
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Sabina Avosani
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Antoine Abrieux
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
- Center Agriculture Food Environment, University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Trentino, Italy
| | - Elizabeth Beers
- Tree Fruit Research & Extension Center, Washington State University, Wenatchee, WA, USA
| | - Antonio Biondi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Hannah Burrack
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Dong Cha
- USDA-ARS Daniel K. Inouye U.S. Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Joanna C Chiu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Man-Yeon Choi
- USDA-ARS Horticultural Crops Research Unit, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Cristina M Crava
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BIOTECMED), University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Kent M Daane
- Kearney Agricultural Research and Education Center, Parlier, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy & Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel T Dalton
- Faculty of Engineering & IT, Carinthia University of Applied Sciences, 9524, Villach, Austria
| | - Lauren Diepenbrock
- Citrus Research and Education Center, Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL, USA
| | - Phillip Fanning
- USDA Economic Research Service, Market Trade and Economics Division, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Fatemeh Ganjisaffar
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Miguel I Gómez
- Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Larry Gut
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alberto Grassi
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Kelly Hamby
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kim A Hoelmer
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Claudio Ioriatti
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Rufus Isaacs
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Laura Kraft
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Gregory Loeb
- Department of Entomology, Cornell AgriTech, Geneva, NY, USA
| | | | - Rachele Nieri
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Ferdinand Pfab
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Simone Puppato
- Technology Transfer Center, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Dalila Rendon
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Justin Renkema
- London Research and Development Centre - Vineland Campus, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Vineland, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mary Rogers
- Department of Horticultural Science, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Fabiana Sassù
- Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, BOKU, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Insect Pest Control Section, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maxwell J Scott
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - Ashfaq Sial
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | - Anna Wallingford
- Department of Agriculture Nutrition and Food Systems, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE, USA
| | - D Adeline Yeh
- USDA Economic Research Service, Market Trade and Economics Division, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Vaughn M Walton
- Department of Horticulture, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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18
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Krüger AP, Scheunemann T, Padilha AC, Pazini JB, Bernardi D, Grützmacher AD, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Insecticide-mediated effects on mating success and reproductive output of Drosophila suzukii. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 30:828-835. [PMID: 33851336 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to sublethal concentrations can have adverse effects on certain individuals, but, can also favor survival and reproduction of others. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposing Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura, 1931) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) adults to LC50 of spinetoram and lambda-cyhalothrin and field rate of thiamethoxam on their mating, reproductive output and longevity. The LC50 for lambda-cyhalothrin and for spinetoram were 7.83 and 32.91 ng a.i./cm2, respectively. Thiamethoxam, in the concentrations tested, was not toxic to D. suzukii, therefore, we use the recommended concentration for strawberry, 231.25 ng a.i./cm2, in the sublethal tests. Insects exposed to LC50 of lambda-cyhalothrin were more likely to mate, but presented shorter copula. Sublethal exposure to thiamethoxam lead to an increase in total fecundity. Among the insecticides tested, spinetoram presented the least expressive effects. Longevity was not affected by any of the tested insecticides. Results presented in this study are relevant to D. suzukii management since the stimulatory effects shown on this pest species can collaborate to outbreaks and insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra P Krüger
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil.
| | - Tiago Scheunemann
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Aline C Padilha
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliano B Pazini
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Anderson D Grützmacher
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
| | - Dori E Nava
- Laboratory of Entomology, Embrapa Temperate Agriculture, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brazil
| | - Flávio R M Garcia
- Crop Protection Department, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Ecology, Zoology and Genetics Department, UFPel, 96010-900, Capão do Leão, RS, Brazil
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19
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Eben A, Sporer F, Vogt H, Wetterauer P, Wink M. Search for Alternative Control Strategies of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae): Laboratory Assays Using Volatile Natural Plant Compounds. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11110811. [PMID: 33217940 PMCID: PMC7698706 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Adult flies of the invasive fruit pest, Drosophila suzukii, commonly known as spotted wing drosophila, showed susceptibility towards several natural plant products tested in bioassays under laboratory conditions. Depending on the compound tested, contact toxicity, modified food uptake, or reduction in numbers of eggs deposited and hatched was found. The natural plant substances thereby identified will be further assessed under field conditions and can be used to develop innovative pest control strategies. Abstract Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is native to southeastern Asia and invaded Europe during the past decade. It causes serious economic damage in cherries and soft fruits. Control strategies rely on few insecticides with varying success. Due to environmental concern, the use of synthetic chemicals is restricted. Therefore, research effort is put into the quest for alternative substances applicable in chemical pest control. In laboratory assays, we tested 17 volatile plant compounds from different chemical classes for their contact toxicity, feeding modification, and oviposition repellency. Toxicity through contact with treated surfaces was evaluated after 1 h, 4 h, and 24 h; effects on food uptake were observed with capillary feeding (CAFE)—tests and oviposition trials compared egg numbers laid in raspberry medium with or without treated filter paper. Cinnamon oil and its components had the highest contact toxicity with an LC90 = 2–3%, whereas lemongrass oil, its main components, and farnesol were less toxic (LC90 = 7–9%), and geraniol was the least toxic. In CAFE tests, feeding stimulation was observed through 0.1% and 1% solutions of citronellol, lemongrass oil and farnesol. Cinnamon oil, cinnamaldhyde, and ethyl cinnamate were not consumed at a concentration of 1%. In the presence of citral, eugenol, and lemongrass oil, oviposition was reduced, and in the presence of limonene, no eggs were deposited. The natural products found most efficient in either bioassay will be further tested under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Eben
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)6221-86-805-28
| | - Frank Sporer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Heidrun Vogt
- Julius Kühn-Institute (JKI), Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Plant Protection in Fruit Crops and Viticulture, Schwabenheimer Straße 101, 69221 Dossenheim, Germany;
| | - Pille Wetterauer
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology (IPMB), Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, Heidelberg University, 69210 Heidelberg, Germany; (F.S.); (P.W.); (M.W.)
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20
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Gowton CM, Reut M, Carrillo J. Peppermint essential oil inhibits Drosophila suzukii emergence but reduces Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae parasitism rates. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9090. [PMID: 32499494 PMCID: PMC7272437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65189-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Spotted Wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii; Matsumura) is an invasive fruit fly with the ability to oviposit in a broad range of agriculturally valuable fruits. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by botanical oils may reduce D. suzukii’s attraction to hosts and decrease survival, but it is unknown whether their efficacy varies across D. suzukii life stages or affects the survival and success of higher trophic levels. Through a series of laboratory bioassays, we evaluated the effects of peppermint (Mentha arvensis L.) oil produced VOCs on D. suzukii survival and the survival of and parasitism rates by a pupal parasitoid wasp, Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae (Rondani). First, we determined whether fumigation with peppermint oil VOCs at the pupal stage reduced adult emergence, and whether this depended on environmental conditions (i.e. soil moisture). Second, we evaluated whether fumigation with peppermint oil VOCs reduced or enhanced parasitism by the pupal parasitoid and whether this depended on the timing of peppermint oil VOC exposure (i.e. before, during, or after parasitoid access). Fumigation with VOCs of 4.5 mg of peppermint oil reduced D. suzukii emergence under moist soil conditions but dry soil had a similar effect on reducing adult emergence as peppermint oil presence. Peppermint oil VOC fumigation was toxic to adult P. vindemmiae, but developing P. vindemmiae were unaffected by peppermint oil VOC fumigation. Using peppermint essential oil as a fumigant may reduce D. suzukii emergence from the pupal stage. However, this could negatively impact P. vindemmiae dependent on the timing of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Megan Gowton
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Unceded xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Michał Reut
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Unceded xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Juli Carrillo
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, Centre for Sustainable Food Systems, Biodiversity Research Centre, The University of British Columbia, Unceded xʷməθkʷəy̓əm (Musqueam) Territory, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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21
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Krüger AP, Scheunemann T, Vieira JGA, Morais MC, Bernardi D, Nava DE, Garcia FRM. Effects of Extrinsic, Intraspecific Competition and Host Deprivation on the Biology of Trichopria anastrephae (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) Reared on Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:957-965. [PMID: 31364009 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-019-00705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The pupal parasitoid Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) shows potential to control Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), and understanding the behavior of this parasitoid in challenging environments is important to obtain a higher efficiency in mass rearing and in biological control programs. This study aimed to verify the effects of extrinsic intraspecific competition and the absence of host on the parasitism of T. anastrephae in D. suzukii pupae. Therefore, to evaluate the parasitism of T. anastrephae under intraspecific competition, groups of 20 pupae (24 h old) of D. suzukii were offered for different densities of parasitoids (1, 3, 5, or 10 couples) during a 7-day period. Whereas to evaluate the effects of host deprivation on parasitism of T. anastrephae, we tested different treatments: T1-no deprivation, T2-complete deprivation, T3-deprivation every other day, T4-deprivation for 3 days, and T5-deprivation for 7 days. The increase of density of parasitoids resulted in an increase of oviposition scars on pupae and a longer biological cycle, suggesting the occurrence of superparasitism. Increased density also resulted in a higher percentage of attacked pupae, but did not affect parasitoids emergence nor sex ratio. Host deprivation affected number of parasitized pupae, number and sex ratio of offspring, and the longevity of females. Based on our findings, competition among females do not impair offspring viability, and host deprivation for a period up to 7 days do not influence parasitism capacity, indicating that it can be used as a pre-release strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Krüger
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil.
| | - T Scheunemann
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
| | - J G A Vieira
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
| | - M C Morais
- Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
| | - D Bernardi
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
| | - D E Nava
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
- EMBRAPA Clima Temperado, Pelotas, RS, 96010-971, Brasil
| | - F R M Garcia
- Programa de pós-graduação em Fitossanidade, Univ Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, 96010900, Brasil
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22
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Yang L, Wan B, Wang BB, Liu MM, Fang Q, Song QS, Ye GY. The Pupal Ectoparasitoid Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae Regulates Cellular and Humoral Immunity of Host Drosophila melanogaster. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1282. [PMID: 31680999 PMCID: PMC6798170 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immunological interaction between Drosophila melanogaster and its larval parasitoids has been thoroughly investigated, however, little is known about the interaction between the host and its pupal parasitoids. Pachycrepoideus vindemmiae, a pupal ectoparasitoid of D. melanogaster, injects venom into its host while laying eggs on the puparium, which regulates host immunity and interrupts host development. To resist the invasion of parasitic wasps, various immune defense strategies have been developed in their hosts as a consequence of co-evolution. In this study, we mainly focused on the host immunomodulation by P. vindemmiae and thoroughly investigated cellular and humoral immune response, including cell adherence, cell viability, hemolymph melanization and the Toll, Imd, and JAK/STAT immune pathways. Our results indicated that venom had a significant inhibitory effect on lamellocyte adherence and induced plasmatocyte cell death. Venom injection and in vitro incubation strongly inhibited hemolymph melanization. More in-depth investigation revealed that the Toll and Imd immune pathways were immediately activated upon parasitization, followed by the JAK/STAT pathway, which was activated within the first 24 h post-parasitism. These regulatory effects were further validated by qPCR. Our present study manifested that P. vindemmiae regulated the cellular and humoral immune system of host D. melanogaster in many aspects. These findings lay the groundwork for studying the immunological interaction between D. melanogaster and its pupal parasitoid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bei-Bei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Song
- Division of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Gong-Yin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Oviposition Suitability of Drosophila Suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) for Nectarine Varieties and Its Correlation with the Physiological Indexes. INSECTS 2019; 10:insects10080221. [PMID: 31344965 PMCID: PMC6723238 DOI: 10.3390/insects10080221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The nectarine is an important fruit, which is attacked by Drosophila suzukii in Europe and the United States but there are no reports of it attacking nectarines in China. Here, we determined the oviposition preference of D. suzukii six on intact and sliced nectarine varieties in China and how physical and physiological indexes of the fruit correlate with these preferences. D. suzukii were allowed to oviposit on two early–, two middle– and two late–maturing varieties of nectarine—Shuguang and Chunguang, Fengguang and Zhong you 4, Zhong you 7 and Zhong you 8, respectively and the number of larvae also followed the order. The firmness, soluble solids content and the nutritional components of the amino acid, protein, soluble sugar and pectin contents of each variety were measured. D. suzukii preferred the early Shuguang variety, followed by the early Chunguang variety and then the middle Zhong you 4 and Fengguang varieties. Taken together, results show that D. suzukii shows preferences for earlier rather than later varieties of nectarines in China and that these preferences are related to the fruit’s physical and physiological traits. Results suggest that mixed cultivation of early–, middle– and late–maturing nectarine varieties should be avoided in order to prevent fly dispersal and infestation by D. suzukii.
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