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Durbha SR, Siromani N, Jaldhani V, Krishnakanth T, Thuraga V, Neeraja CN, Subrahmanyam D, Sundaram RM. Dynamics of starch formation and gene expression during grain filling and its possible influence on grain quality. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6743. [PMID: 38509120 PMCID: PMC10954615 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In rice, grain filling is a crucial stage where asynchronous filling of the pollinated spikelet's of the panicle occurs. It can influence both grain quality and yield. In rice grain, starch is the dominant component and contains amylose and amylopectin. Amylose content is the chief cooking quality parameter, however, rice varieties having similar amylose content varied in other parameters. Hence, in this study, a set of varieties varying in yield (04) and another set (12) of varieties that are similar in amylose content with variation in gel consistency and alkali spreading value were used. Panicles were collected at various intervals and analysed for individual grain weight and quantities of amylose and amylopectin. Gas exchange parameters were measured in varieties varying in yield. Upper branches of the panicles were collected from rice varieties having similar amylose content and were subjected to gene expression analysis with fourteen gene specific primers of starch synthesis. Results indicate that grain filling was initiated simultaneously in multiple branches. Amylose and amylopectin quantities increased with the increase in individual grain weight. However, the pattern of regression lines of amylose and amylopectin percentages with increase in individual grain weight varied among the varieties. Gas exchange parameters like photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 and transpiration rate decreased with the increase in grain filling period in both good and poor yielding varieties. However, they decreased more in poor yielders. Expression of fourteen genes varied among the varieties and absence of SBE2b can be responsible for medium or soft gel consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeeva Rao Durbha
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India.
| | - N Siromani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - V Jaldhani
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - T Krishnakanth
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - Vishnukiran Thuraga
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - C N Neeraja
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - D Subrahmanyam
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
| | - R M Sundaram
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India
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Moroyoqui‐Parra MA, Molero G, Reynolds MP, Gaju O, Murchie EH, Foulkes MJ. Interaction of planting system with radiation-use efficiency in wheat lines. CROP SCIENCE 2024; 64:314-332. [PMID: 38516200 PMCID: PMC10952436 DOI: 10.1002/csc2.21115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Radiation-use efficiency (RUE) is an important trait for raising biomass and yield potential in plant breeding. However, the effect of the planting system (PS) on genetic variation in RUE has not been previously investigated. Our objectives were to quantify genetic variation in RUE, biomass and grain yield in raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems, and associations with canopy-architecture traits (flag-leaf angle and curvature). Twelve spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were evaluated under irrigated conditions for 3 years in North West Mexico using raised-bed and flat-basin planting systems. Canopy architecture traits were measured at booting and anthesis + 7 days. Grain yield (10.6%), biomass (7.6%), and pre-grain-filling RUE (9.7%) were higher in raised beds than flat basins, while a significant planting system × genotype interaction was found for grain yield. Genetic variation in pre-grain-filling RUE was associated with biomass and grain yield in beds and basins. In flat basins, higher pre-grain-filling RUE was correlated with a more upright flag-leaf angle but not in raised beds. In raised beds, cultivars with less upright flag-leaf angle had greater fractional light interception pre-anthesis. Taller semi-dwarf cultivars intercepted relatively more radiation in the beds than the flats before anthesis, consistent with the taller cultivars showing relatively greater increases in yield in beds compared to flats. Our results indicated that the evaluation of genotypes for RUE and biomass in wheat breeding should take into account planting systems to capture genotype × PS effects. In addition, the results demonstrate how flag-leaf angle has a different effect depending on the planting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela A. Moroyoqui‐Parra
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Gemma Molero
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
- KWS Momont RechercheMons‐en‐PeveleFrance
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat ProgramInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)TexcocoMexico
| | - Oorbessy Gaju
- Lincoln Institute for Agri‐Food and TechnologyUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Erik H. Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
| | - Michael John Foulkes
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamLeicestershireUK
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Wang Q, Chen P, Wang H, Chao S, Guo W, Zhang Y, Miao C, Yuan H, Peng B. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of OsLHCB3 knockdown lines in rice. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2023; 43:38. [PMID: 37312752 PMCID: PMC10248686 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-023-01387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photosystem II (PSII) outer antenna LHCB3 protein plays critical roles in distributing the excitation energy and modulating the rate of state transition for photosynthesis. Here, OsLHCB3 knockdown mutants were produced using the RNAi system. Phenotypic analyses showed that OsLHCB3 knockdown led to pale green leaves and lower chlorophyll contents at both tillering and heading stages. In addition, mutant lines exhibited decreased non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) capacity and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by downregulating the expression of PSII-related genes. Moreover, RNA-seq experiments were performed at both tillering and heading stages. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly involved in chlorophyll binding response to abscisic acid, photosystem II, response to chitin, and DNA-binding transcription factor. Besides, our transcriptomic and physiological data indicated that OsLHCB3 was essential for binding chlorophyll, but not for the metabolism of chlorophyll in rice. OsLHCB3 RNAi knockdown plants affected the expression of PS II-related genes, but not PS I-related genes. Overall, these results suggest that OsLHCB3 also plays vital roles in regulating photosynthesis and antenna proteins in rice as well as responses to environment stresses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-023-01387-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Pingli Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of New Technology in Rice Breeding, The Rice Research Institute of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640 China
| | - Honglin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Shuangshuang Chao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Wenru Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Yuxue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Chenglin Miao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Hongyu Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
| | - Bo Peng
- College of Life Sciences, Institute for Conservation and Utilization of Agro-Bioresources in Dabie Mountains, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000 China
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Virdi KS, Sreekanta S, Dobbels A, Haaning A, Jarquin D, Stupar RM, Lorenz AJ, Muehlbauer GJ. Branch angle and leaflet shape are associated with canopy coverage in soybean. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20304. [PMID: 36792954 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early canopy coverage is a desirable trait that is a major determinant of yield in soybean (Glycine max). Variation in traits comprising shoot architecture can influence canopy coverage, canopy light interception, canopy-level photosynthesis, and source-sink partitioning efficiency. However, little is known about the extent of phenotypic diversity of shoot architecture traits and their genetic control in soybean. Thus, we sought to understand the contribution of shoot architecture traits to canopy coverage and to determine the genetic control of these traits. We examined the natural variation for shoot architecture traits in a set of 399 diverse maturity group I soybean (SoyMGI) accessions to identify relationships between traits, and to identify loci that are associated with canopy coverage and shoot architecture traits. Canopy coverage was correlated with branch angle, number of branches, plant height, and leaf shape. Using previously collected 50K single nucleotide polymorphism data, we identified quantitative trait locus (QTL) associated with branch angle, number of branches, branch density, leaflet shape, days to flowering, maturity, plant height, number of nodes, and stem termination. In many cases, QTL intervals overlapped with previously described genes or QTL. We also found QTL associated with branch angle and leaflet shape located on chromosomes 19 and 4, respectively, and these QTL overlapped with QTL associated with canopy coverage, suggesting the importance of branch angle and leaflet shape in determining canopy coverage. Our results highlight the role individual architecture traits play in canopy coverage and contribute information on their genetic control that could help facilitate future efforts in their genetic manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaldeep S Virdi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suma Sreekanta
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Austin Dobbels
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison Haaning
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Diego Jarquin
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert M Stupar
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Aaron J Lorenz
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Pan Y, Cao Y, Chai Y, Meng X, Wang M, Wang G, Guo S. Identification of photosynthetic parameters for superior yield of two super hybrid rice varieties: A cross-scale study from leaf to canopy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1110257. [PMID: 36866365 PMCID: PMC9971572 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1110257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing photosynthetic capacity is widely accepted as critical to advancing crop yield. Therefore, identifying photosynthetic parameters positively related to biomass accumulation in elite cultivars is the major focus of current rice research. In this work, we assessed leaf photosynthetic performance, canopy photosynthesis, and yield attributes of super hybrid rice cultivars Y-liangyou 3218 (YLY3218) and Y-liangyou 5867 (YLY5867) at tillering stage and flowering stage, using inbred super rice cultivars Zhendao11(ZD11) and Nanjing 9108 (NJ9108) as control. A diurnal canopy photosynthesis model was applied to estimate the influence of key environmental factors, canopy attributes, and canopy nitrogen status on daily aboveground biomass increment (AMDAY). Results showed that primarily the light-saturated photosynthetic rate at tillering stage contributed to the advancing yield and biomass of super hybrid rice in comparison to inbred super rice, and the light-saturated photosynthetic rate between them was similar at flowering stage. At tillering stage, the higher CO2 diffusion capacity, together with higher biochemical capacity (i.e., maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco, maximum electron transport rate (J max), and triose phosphate utilization rate) favored leaf photosynthesis of super hybrid rice. Similarly, AMDAY in super hybrid rice was higher than inbred super rice at tillering stage, and comparable at flowering stage partially due to increased canopy nitrogen concentration (SLNave) of inbred super rice. At tillering stage, model simulation revealed that replacement of J max and g m in inbred super rice by super hybrid rice always had a positive effect on AMDAY, and the averaged AMDAY increment was 5.7% and 3.4%, respectively. Simultaneously, the 20% enhancement of total canopy nitrogen concentration through the improvement of SLNave (TNC-SLNave) resulted in the highest AMDAY across cultivars, with an average increase of 11.2%. In conclusion, the advancing yield performance of YLY3218 and YLY5867 was due to the higher J max and g m at tillering stage, and TCN-SLNave is a promising target for future super rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Pan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen Cao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yixiao Chai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xusheng Meng
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Center of Agricultural Green Development Promotion, Fuyang, Anhui, China
| | - Shiwei Guo
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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LEAF TIP RUMPLED 1 Regulates Leaf Morphology and Salt Tolerance in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158818. [PMID: 35955949 PMCID: PMC9369171 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Leaf morphology is one of the important traits related to ideal plant architecture and is an important factor determining rice stress resistance, which directly affects yield. Wax layers form a barrier to protect plants from different environmental stresses. However, the regulatory effect of wax synthesis genes on leaf morphology and salt tolerance is not well-understood. In this study, we identified a rice mutant, leaf tip rumpled 1 (ltr1), in a mutant library of the classic japonica variety Nipponbare. Phenotypic investigation of NPB and ltr1 suggested that ltr1 showed rumpled leaf with uneven distribution of bulliform cells and sclerenchyma cells, and disordered vascular bundles. A decrease in seed-setting rate in ltr1 led to decreased per-plant grain yield. Moreover, ltr1 was sensitive to salt stress, and LTR1 was strongly induced by salt stress. Map-based cloning of LTR1 showed that there was a 2-bp deletion in the eighth exon of LOC_Os02g40784 in ltr1, resulting in a frameshift mutation and early termination of transcription. Subsequently, the candidate gene was confirmed using complementation, overexpression, and knockout analysis of LOC_Os02g40784. Functional analysis of LTR1 showed that it was a wax synthesis gene and constitutively expressed in entire tissues with higher relative expression level in leaves and panicles. Moreover, overexpression of LTR1 enhanced yield in rice and LTR1 positively regulates salt stress by affecting water and ion homeostasis. These results lay a theoretical foundation for exploring the molecular mechanism of leaf morphogenesis and stress response, providing a new potential strategy for stress-tolerance breeding.
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Zeng F, Zhu L, Wang G, Liang Y, Ma D, Wang J. Higher CO 2 Assimilation in Selected Rice Recombinant Inbred Lines Is Driven by Higher CO 2 Diffusion and Light Use Efficiency Related to Leaf Anatomy and Mesophyll Cell Density. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:915050. [PMID: 35812953 PMCID: PMC9261980 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.915050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf anatomy determining the light distribution within the leaf and exerting influence on CO2 diffusion is considered to have dramatic potential for photosynthesis performance increase. In this study, we observed that two rice recombinant inbred lines, H138 and H217 (RILF11 plants from Sasanishiki × IRAT10), have higher net CO2 assimilation (An) than their parent Sasanishiki due mainly to the improvement of leaf anatomy. Our results showed that An positively correlated with anatomy traits' mesophyll cell number per cross-sectional area (NO.mescell/Acros) and mesophyll area (Ames). NO.mescell/Acros exert direct and indirect effects on An. Compared to Sasanishiki flag leaves, IRAT10, H138, and H217 have higher mesophyll cell numbers. Simultaneously, higher chlorophyll content and expression of genes encoding the light-harvesting protein of PSII and PSI (Lhcb1, 2, 3 and Lhca1, 2, 3) were recorded in IRAT10, H138, and H217, which facilitates light use efficiency. Higher electron transport rate and RuBP concentration were recorded in IRAT10, H138, and H217 flag leaves. Retinoblastoma-related gene (OsRBR1), exerting effects on mesophyll cell density, can be used to modify leaf anatomy for improving leaf photosynthesis. Additionally, higher stomatal conductance and mesophyll conductance were also recorded in H138 and H217 than in Sasanishiki. Furthermore, we modeled mesophyll conductance through anatomical traits, and the results revealed that chloroplast thickness was the dominant factor restricting CO2 diffusion within mesophyll cells rather than cell wall thickness. Higher RuBP content accompanied by higher CO2 concentration within the carboxylation set in H138 and H217 flag leaves contributed to higher CO2 assimilation.
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Yin X, Gu J, Dingkuhn M, Struik PC. A model-guided holistic review of exploiting natural variation of photosynthesis traits in crop improvement. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:3173-3188. [PMID: 35323898 PMCID: PMC9126731 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Breeding for improved leaf photosynthesis is considered as a viable approach to increase crop yield. Whether it should be improved in combination with other traits has not been assessed critically. Based on the quantitative crop model GECROS that interconnects various traits to crop productivity, we review natural variation in relevant traits, from biochemical aspects of leaf photosynthesis to morpho-physiological crop characteristics. While large phenotypic variations (sometimes >2-fold) for leaf photosynthesis and its underlying biochemical parameters were reported, few quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified, accounting for a small percentage of phenotypic variation. More QTL were reported for sink size (that feeds back on photosynthesis) or morpho-physiological traits (that affect canopy productivity and duration), together explaining a much greater percentage of their phenotypic variation. Traits for both photosynthetic rate and sustaining it during grain filling were strongly related to nitrogen-related traits. Much of the molecular basis of known photosynthesis QTL thus resides in genes controlling photosynthesis indirectly. Simulation using GECROS demonstrated the overwhelming importance of electron transport parameters, compared with the maximum Rubisco activity that largely determines the commonly studied light-saturated photosynthetic rate. Exploiting photosynthetic natural variation might significantly improve crop yield if nitrogen uptake, sink capacity, and other morpho-physiological traits are co-selected synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyou Yin
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
| | - Junfei Gu
- College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | | | - Paul C Struik
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Leigh FJ, Wright TIC, Horsnell RA, Dyer S, Bentley AR. Progenitor species hold untapped diversity for potential climate-responsive traits for use in wheat breeding and crop improvement. Heredity (Edinb) 2022; 128:291-303. [PMID: 35383318 PMCID: PMC9076643 DOI: 10.1038/s41437-022-00527-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change will have numerous impacts on crop production worldwide necessitating a broadening of the germplasm base required to source and incorporate novel traits. Major variation exists in crop progenitor species for seasonal adaptation, photosynthetic characteristics, and root system architecture. Wheat is crucial for securing future food and nutrition security and its evolutionary history and progenitor diversity offer opportunities to mine favourable functional variation in the primary gene pool. Here we provide a review of the status of characterisation of wheat progenitor variation and the potential to use this knowledge to inform the use of variation in other cereal crops. Although significant knowledge of progenitor variation has been generated, we make recommendations for further work required to systematically characterise underlying genetics and physiological mechanisms and propose steps for effective use in breeding. This will enable targeted exploitation of useful variation, supported by the growing portfolio of genomics and accelerated breeding approaches. The knowledge and approaches generated are also likely to be useful across wider crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J Leigh
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Tally I C Wright
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Richard A Horsnell
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - Sarah Dyer
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Alison R Bentley
- The John Bingham Laboratory, NIAB, 93 Lawrence Weaver Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK. .,International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Texcoco, Mexico.
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Hernández-Prieto MA, Hiller R, Chen M. Chlorophyll f can replace chlorophyll a in the soluble antenna of dinoflagellates. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 152:13-22. [PMID: 34988868 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-021-00890-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chlorophyll f is a new type of chlorophyll isolated from cyanobacteria. The absorption and fluorescence characteristics of chlorophyll f permit these oxygenic-photosynthetic organisms to thrive in environments where white light is scarce but far-red light is abundant. To explore the ligand properties of chlorophyll f and its energy transfer profiles we established two different in vitro reconstitution systems. The reconstituted peridinin-chlorophyll f protein complex (chlorophyll f-PCP) showed a stoichiometry ratio of 4:1 between peridinin and chlorophyll f, consistent with the peridinin:chlorophyll a ratio from native PCP complexes. Using emission wavelength at 712 nm, the excitation fluorescence featured a broad peak at 453 nm and a shoulder at 511 nm confirming energy transfer from peridinin to chlorophyll f. In addition, by using a synthetic peptide mimicking the first transmembrane helix of light-harvesting chlorophyll proteins of plants, we report that chlorophyll f, similarly to chlorophyll b, did not interact with the peptide contrarily to chlorophyll a, confirming the accessory role of chlorophyll f in photosystems. The binding of chlorophyll f, even in the presence of chlorophylls a and b, by PCP complexes shows the flexibility of chlorophyll-protein complexes and provides an opportunity for the introduction of new chlorophyll species to extend the photosynthetic spectral range.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger Hiller
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Min Chen
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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11
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Katoch M, Mane RS, Chahota RK. Identification of QTLs Linked to Phenological and Morphological Traits in RILs Population of Horsegram ( Macrotyloma uniflorum). Front Genet 2022; 12:762604. [PMID: 35145543 PMCID: PMC8821879 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.762604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Horsegram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc.] is an important legume but understudied in terms of its genetic improvement. Genetic information on various phenological and morphological traits may help in the utilization of new genes for breeding in horsegram and thus affect agronomic practices and crop yield. A total of 162 recombinant inbred lines derived from intraspecific crosses between HPKM249 × HPK4 was used to construct a genetic linkage map and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with phenological and morphological traits. Of the total 2011 molecular markers, which were screened on parental lines for polymorphism survey, 493 markers were found to be polymorphic and used for genotyping of recombinant inbred line population. Out of 493 polymorphic markers, 295 were mapped on ten linkage groups at LOD 3.5 spanning a total distance of 1,541.7 cM with an average distance between markers of 5.20 cM. Phenotypic data of two years at two different locations were used to identify QTLs by composite interval mapping A total of four QTLs (LOD ≥2.5) for phenological traits (days to 50% flowering, reproductive period and days to maturity) and seven QTLs (LOD ≥2.5) for morphological traits (plant height, primary branches and secondary branches) were detected across different environments. The phenotypic variation explained by QTLs ranged from 6.36 to 47.53%. The present study will help to augment scanty genomic information in this orphan crop that would provide genomics tools to breeders for its genetic enhancement through molecular-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Katoch
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, CSK HP Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Himachal Pradesh, India
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12
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Morphological and Physiological Screening to Predict Lettuce Biomass Production in Controlled Environment Agriculture. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14020316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Fast growth and rapid turnover is an important crop trait in controlled environment agriculture (CEA) due to its high cost. An ideal screening approach for fast-growing cultivars should detect desirable phenotypes non-invasively at an early growth stage, based on morphological and/or physiological traits. Hence, we established a rapid screening protocol based on a simple chlorophyll fluorescence imaging (CFI) technique to quantify the projected canopy size (PCS) of plants, combined with electron transport rate (ETR) measurements using a chlorophyll fluorometer. Eleven lettuce cultivars (Lactuca sativa), selected based on morphological differences, were grown in a greenhouse and imaged twice a week. Shoot dry weight (DW) of green cultivars at harvest 51 days after germination (DAG) was correlated with PCS at 13 DAG (R2 = 0.74), when the first true leaves had just appeared and the PCS was <8.5 cm2. However, early PCS of high anthocyanin (red) cultivars was not predictive of DW. Because light absorption by anthocyanins reduces the amount of photons available for photosynthesis, anthocyanins lower light use efficiency (LUE; DW/total incident light on canopy over the cropping cycle) and reduce growth. Additionally, the total incident light on the canopy throughout the cropping cycle explained 90% and 55% of variability in DW within green and red cultivars, respectively. Estimated leaf level ETR at a photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) of 200 or 1000 µmol m−2 s−1 were not correlated with DW in either green or red cultivars. In conclusion, early PCS quantification is a useful tool for the selection of fast-growing green lettuce phenotypes. However, this approach may not work in cultivars with high anthocyanin content because anthocyanins direct excitation energy away from photosynthesis and growth, weakening the correlation between incident light and growth.
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Mathan J, Singh A, Jathar V, Ranjan A. High photosynthesis rate in two wild rice species is driven by leaf anatomy mediating high Rubisco activity and electron transport rate. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:7119-7135. [PMID: 34185840 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The importance of increasing photosynthetic efficiency for sustainable crop yield increases to feed the growing world population is well recognized. The natural genetic variation in leaf photosynthesis in crop plants is largely unexploited for increasing yield potential. The genus Oryza, including cultivated rice and wild relatives, offers tremendous genetic variability to explore photosynthetic differences and underlying biochemical, photochemical, and developmental traits. We quantified leaf photosynthesis and related physiological parameters for six cultivated and three wild rice genotypes, and identified photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions. Fitting A/Ci curves and biochemical analyses showed that leaf photosynthesis in cultivated rice varieties IR 64 and Nipponbare was limited due to leaf nitrogen content, Rubisco activity, and electron transport rate compared with photosynthetically efficient wild rice accessions Oryza australiensis and Oryza latifolia. The selected wild rice accessions with high leaf photosynthesis per unit area had anatomical features such as larger mesophyll cells with more chloroplasts, fewer mesophyll cells between two adjacent veins, and higher mesophyll cell and chloroplast surface area exposed to intercellular space. Our results show the existence of desirable variations in Rubisco activity, electron transport rate, and leaf anatomical features that could be targeted for increasing the photosynthetic efficiency of cultivated rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Mathan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Anuradha Singh
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Vikram Jathar
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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14
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Koester RP, Pignon CP, Kesler DC, Willison RS, Kang M, Shen Y, Priest HD, Begemann MB, Cook KA, Bannon GA, Oufattole M. Transgenic insertion of the cyanobacterial membrane protein ictB increases grain yield in Zea mays through increased photosynthesis and carbohydrate production. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246359. [PMID: 33539477 PMCID: PMC7861388 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The C4 crop maize (Zea mays) is the most widely grown cereal crop worldwide and is an essential feedstock for food and bioenergy. Improving maize yield is important to achieve food security and agricultural sustainability in the 21st century. One potential means to improve crop productivity is to enhance photosynthesis. ictB, a membrane protein that is highly conserved across cyanobacteria, has been shown to improve photosynthesis, and often biomass, when introduced into diverse C3 plant species. Here, ictB from Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was inserted into maize using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. In three controlled-environment experiments, ictB insertion increased leaf starch and sucrose content by up to 25% relative to controls. Experimental field trials in four growing seasons, spanning the Midwestern United States (Summers 2018 & 2019) and Argentina (Winter 2018 & 2019), showed an average of 3.49% grain yield improvement, by as much as 5.4% in a given season and up to 9.4% at certain trial locations. A subset of field trial locations was used to test for modification of ear traits and ФPSII, a proxy for photosynthesis. Results suggested that yield gain in transgenics could be associated with increased ФPSII, and the production of longer, thinner ears with more kernels. ictB localized primarily to the microsome fraction of leaf bundle-sheath cells, but not to chloroplasts. Extramembrane domains of ictB interacted in vitro with proteins involved in photosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. To our knowledge, this is the first published evidence of ictB insertion into a species using C4 photosynthesis and the largest-scale demonstration of grain yield enhancement from ictB insertion in planta. Results show that ictB is a valuable yield gene in the economically important crop maize, and are an important proof of concept that transgenic manipulation of photosynthesis can be used to create economically viable crop improvement traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dylan C Kesler
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Miyoung Kang
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Yu Shen
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Henry D Priest
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Kevin A Cook
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Gary A Bannon
- Benson Hill, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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15
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Takahashi H, Pradal C. Root phenotyping: important and minimum information required for root modeling in crop plants. BREEDING SCIENCE 2021; 71:109-116. [PMID: 33762880 PMCID: PMC7973500 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.20126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
As plants cannot relocate, they require effective root systems for water and nutrient uptake. Root development plasticity enables plants to adapt to different environmental conditions. Research on improvements in crop root systems is limited in comparison with that in shoots as the former are difficult to image. Breeding more effective root systems is proposed as the "second green revolution". There are several recent publications on root system architecture (RSA), but the methods used to analyze the RSA have not been standardized. Here, we introduce traditional and current root-imaging methods and discuss root structure phenotyping. Some important root structures have not been standardized as roots are easily affected by rhizosphere conditions and exhibit greater plasticity than shoots; moreover, root morphology significantly varies even in the same genotype. For these reasons, it is difficult to define the ideal root systems for breeding. In this review, we introduce several types of software to analyze roots and identify important root parameters by modeling to simplify the root system characterization. These parameters can be extracted from photographs captured in the field. This modeling approach is applicable to various legacy root data stored in old or unpublished formats. Standardization of RSA data could help estimate root ideotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Takahashi
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Christophe Pradal
- UMR AGAP, CIRAD, F-34398 Montpellier, France
- Inria & LIRMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
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16
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Fu X, Liu C, Li Y, Liao S, Cheng H, Tu Y, Zhu X, Chen K, He Y, Wang G. The coordination of OsbZIP72 and OsMYBS2 with reverse roles regulates the transcription of OsPsbS1 in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:370-387. [PMID: 33411361 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), an intricate photoprotective process, plays fundamental roles in maintaining plant fitness. The PsbS protein is essential for the rapid induction of NPQ, and acts in a dose-dependent manner in leaves. However, little information is known on the transcriptional control of PsbS in land plants. Here we demonstrated that the expression of OsPsbS1 is directly upregulated by OsbZIP72 while repressed by OsMYBS2 in rice. We identified a new cis-element GACAGGTG in japonica OsPsbS1 promoter, to which OsbZIP72 could strongly bind and activate the expression of OsPsbS1. The new cis-element CTAATC confers specific binding for OsMYBS2 in japonica OsPsbS1 promoter. OsbZIP72 can be activated by SAPK1, and acts depending on the abscisic acid (ABA) signalling pathway. GF14A protein affects the repression activity of OsMYBS2 by regulating its nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, and Ser53 is necessary for OsMYBS2 to be retained in the cytoplasm. The inducibility of OsPsbS1 transcription under high light conditions in OsbZIP72 knockout lines was greatly impaired, while the repression of OsPsbS1 transcription under a low light environment in OsMYBS2 knockout lines was significantly alleviated. These results reveal cross-talk among NPQ processes, the ABA signalling pathway and abiotic stress signalling. The elaborate mechanisms may help enhance photoprotection and improve photosynthesis in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangkui Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chang Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yingzi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Shiyu Liao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Huiya Cheng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuan Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiya Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kai Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqing He
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Gongwei Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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17
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Weckwerth W, Ghatak A, Bellaire A, Chaturvedi P, Varshney RK. PANOMICS meets germplasm. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2020; 18:1507-1525. [PMID: 32163658 PMCID: PMC7292548 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Genotyping-by-sequencing has enabled approaches for genomic selection to improve yield, stress resistance and nutritional value. More and more resource studies are emerging providing 1000 and more genotypes and millions of SNPs for one species covering a hitherto inaccessible intraspecific genetic variation. The larger the databases are growing, the better statistical approaches for genomic selection will be available. However, there are clear limitations on the statistical but also on the biological part. Intraspecific genetic variation is able to explain a high proportion of the phenotypes, but a large part of phenotypic plasticity also stems from environmentally driven transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, post-translational, epigenetic and metabolic regulation. Moreover, regulation of the same gene can have different phenotypic outputs in different environments. Consequently, to explain and understand environment-dependent phenotypic plasticity based on the available genotype variation we have to integrate the analysis of further molecular levels reflecting the complete information flow from the gene to metabolism to phenotype. Interestingly, metabolomics platforms are already more cost-effective than NGS platforms and are decisive for the prediction of nutritional value or stress resistance. Here, we propose three fundamental pillars for future breeding strategies in the framework of Green Systems Biology: (i) combining genome selection with environment-dependent PANOMICS analysis and deep learning to improve prediction accuracy for marker-dependent trait performance; (ii) PANOMICS resolution at subtissue, cellular and subcellular level provides information about fundamental functions of selected markers; (iii) combining PANOMICS with genome editing and speed breeding tools to accelerate and enhance large-scale functional validation of trait-specific precision breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfram Weckwerth
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME)University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Arindam Ghatak
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anke Bellaire
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Palak Chaturvedi
- Molecular Systems Biology (MOSYS)Department of Functional and Evolutionary EcologyFaculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics & Systems BiologyInternational Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics (ICRISAT)HyderabadTelanganaIndia
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18
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Silva-Díaz C, Ramírez DA, Rinza J, Ninanya J, Loayza H, Gómez R, Anglin NL, Eyzaguirre R, Quiroz R. Radiation Interception, Conversion and Partitioning Efficiency in Potato Landraces: How Far Are We from the Optimum? PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9060787. [PMID: 32585962 PMCID: PMC7356277 DOI: 10.3390/plants9060787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Crop efficiencies associated with intercepted radiation, conversion into biomass and allocation to edible organs are essential for yield improvement strategies that would enhance genetic properties to maximize carbon gain without increasing crop inputs. The production of 20 potato landraces—never studied before—was analyzed for radiation interception (εi), conversion (εc) and partitioning (εp) efficiencies. Additionally, other physiological traits related to senescence delay (normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)slp), tuberization precocity (tu), photosynthetic performance and dry tuber yield per plant (TY) were also assessed. Vegetation reflectance was remotely acquired and the efficiencies estimated through a process-based model parameterized by a time-series of airborne imageries. The combination of εi and εc, closely associated with an early tuber maturity and a NDVIslp explained 39% of the variability grouping the most productive genotypes. TY was closely correlated to senescence delay (rPearson = 0.74), indicating the usefulness of remote sensing methods for potato yield diversity characterization. About 89% of TY was explained by the first three principal components, associated mainly to tu, εc and εi, respectively. When comparing potato with other major crops, its εp is very close to the theoretical maximum. These findings suggest that there is room for improving εi and εc to enhance potato production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Silva-Díaz
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - David A. Ramírez
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
- Water Resources Doctoral Program, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM), Av. La Molina s/n, Lima 12, Peru
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +51-993-913-578
| | - Javier Rinza
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - Johan Ninanya
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - Hildo Loayza
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - René Gómez
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - Noelle L. Anglin
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - Raúl Eyzaguirre
- International Potato Center (CIP), Headquarters P.O. Box 1558, Lima 12, Peru; (C.S.-D.); (J.R.); (J.N.); (H.L.); (R.G.); (N.L.A.); (R.E.)
| | - Roberto Quiroz
- CATIE—Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza, Cartago Turrialba 30501, Costa Rica;
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19
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Wang SS, Chung CL, Chen KY, Chen RK. A Novel Variation in the FRIZZLE PANICLE ( FZP) Gene Promoter Improves Grain Number and Yield in Rice. Genetics 2020; 215:243-252. [PMID: 32152046 PMCID: PMC7198282 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.119.302862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary branch number per panicle plays a crucial role in regulating grain number and yield in rice. Here, we report the positional cloning and functional characterization for SECONDARY BRANCH NUMBER7 (qSBN7), a quantitative trait locus affecting secondary branch per panicle and grain number. Our research revealed that the causative variants of qSBN7 are located in the distal promoter region of FRIZZLE PANICLE (FZP), a gene previously associated with the repression of axillary meristem development in rice spikelets. qSBN7 is a novel allele of FZP that causes an ∼56% decrease in its transcriptional level, leading to increased secondary branch and grain number, and reduced grain length. Field evaluations showed that qSBN7 increased grain yield by 10.9% in a temperate japonica variety, TN13, likely due to its positive effect on sink capacity. Our findings suggest that incorporation of qSBN7 can increase yield potential and improve the breeding of elite rice varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Shan Wang
- Crop Improvement Division, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Chung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yi Chen
- Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kuen Chen
- Chiayi Branch, Tainan District Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Tainan 71246, Taiwan
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20
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Murchie EH, Ruban AV. Dynamic non-photochemical quenching in plants: from molecular mechanism to productivity. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 101:885-896. [PMID: 31686424 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection refers to a set of well defined plant processes that help to prevent the deleterious effects of high and excess light on plant cells, especially within the chloroplast. Molecular components of chloroplast photoprotection are closely aligned with those of photosynthesis and together they influence productivity. Proof of principle now exists that major photoprotective processes such as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) directly determine whole canopy photosynthesis, biomass and yield via prevention of photoinhibition and a momentary downregulation of photosynthetic quantum yield. However, this phenomenon has neither been quantified nor well characterized across different environments. Here we address this problem by assessing the existing literature with a different approach to that taken previously, beginning with our understanding of the molecular mechanism of NPQ and its regulation within dynamic environments. We then move to the leaf and the plant level, building an understanding of the circumstances (when and where) NPQ limits photosynthesis and linking to our understanding of how this might take place on a molecular and metabolic level. We argue that such approaches are needed to fine tune the relevant features necessary for improving dynamic NPQ in important crop species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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21
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Dikaios I, Schiphorst C, Dall’Osto L, Alboresi A, Bassi R, Pinnola A. Functional analysis of LHCSR1, a protein catalyzing NPQ in mosses, by heterologous expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 142:249-264. [PMID: 31270669 PMCID: PMC6874524 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00656-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical quenching, NPQ, of chlorophyll fluorescence regulates the heat dissipation of chlorophyll excited states and determines the efficiency of the oxygenic photosynthetic systems. NPQ is regulated by a pH-sensing protein, responding to the chloroplast lumen acidification induced by excess light, coupled to an actuator, a chlorophyll/xanthophyll subunit where quenching reactions are catalyzed. In plants, the sensor is PSBS, while the two pigment-binding proteins Lhcb4 (also known as CP29) and LHCII are the actuators. In algae and mosses, stress-related light-harvesting proteins (LHCSR) comprise both functions of sensor and actuator within a single subunit. Here, we report on expressing the lhcsr1 gene from the moss Physcomitrella patens into several Arabidopsis thaliana npq4 mutants lacking the pH sensing PSBS protein essential for NPQ activity. The heterologous protein LHCSR1 accumulates in thylakoids of A. thaliana and NPQ activity can be partially restored. Complementation of double mutants lacking, besides PSBS, specific xanthophylls, allowed analyzing chromophore requirement for LHCSR-dependent quenching activity. We show that the partial recovery of NPQ is mostly due to the lower levels of Zeaxanthin in A. thaliana in comparison to P. patens. Complemented npq2npq4 mutants, lacking besides PSBS, Zeaxanthin Epoxidase, showed an NPQ recovery of up to 70% in comparison to A. thaliana wild type. Furthermore, we show that Lutein is not essential for the folding nor for the quenching activity of LHCSR1. In short, we have developed a system to study the function of LHCSR proteins using heterologous expression in a variety of A. thaliana mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Dikaios
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134 Italy
| | | | - Luca Dall’Osto
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134 Italy
| | | | - Roberto Bassi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134 Italy
| | - Alberta Pinnola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, 37134 Italy
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, 27100 Italy
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22
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Adachi S, Yamamoto T, Nakae T, Yamashita M, Uchida M, Karimata R, Ichihara N, Soda K, Ochiai T, Ao R, Otsuka C, Nakano R, Takai T, Ikka T, Kondo K, Ueda T, Ookawa T, Hirasawa T. Genetic architecture of leaf photosynthesis in rice revealed by different types of reciprocal mapping populations. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:5131-5144. [PMID: 31257428 PMCID: PMC6793464 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The improvement of leaf net photosynthetic rate (An) is a major challenge in enhancing crop productivity. However, the genetic control of An among natural genetic accessions is still poorly understood. The high-yielding indica cultivar Takanari has the highest An of all rice cultivars, 20-30% higher than that of the high-quality japonica cultivar Koshihikari. By using reciprocal backcross inbred lines and chromosome segment substitution lines derived from a cross between Takanari and Koshihikari, we identified three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) where the Takanari alleles enhanced An in plants with a Koshihikari genetic background and five QTLs where the Koshihikari alleles enhanced An in plants with a Takanari genetic background. Two QTLs were expressed in plants with both backgrounds (type I QTL). The expression of other QTLs depended strongly on genetic background (type II QTL). These beneficial alleles increased stomatal conductance, the initial slope of An versus intercellular CO2 concentration, or An at CO2 saturation. Pyramiding of these alleles consistently increased An. Some alleles positively affected biomass production and grain yield. These alleles associated with photosynthesis and yield can be a valuable tool in rice breeding programs via DNA marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Yamamoto
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Present address: Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama University, 2-20-1 Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan
| | - Toru Nakae
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Uchida
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryoji Karimata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Ichihara
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Soda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ochiai
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Ao
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikako Otsuka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruri Nakano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takai
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Present address: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Takashi Ikka
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Present address: Faculty of Agriculture, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Kondo
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Present address: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), 1-1 Ohwashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8686, Japan
| | - Tadamasa Ueda
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taiichiro Ookawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Li W, Liu Y, Liu M, Zheng Q, Li B, Li Z, Li H. Sugar accumulation is associated with leaf senescence induced by long-term high light in wheat. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 287:110169. [PMID: 31481230 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During the grain filling stage, high light (HL) usually results in premature leaf senescence and significant yield loss in wheat. To explore the responses of sugar metabolism and the association of sugar accumulation and leaf senescence in HL, the activity and gene expression of sugar metabolism-related enzymes were analyzed when two wheat cultivars Triticum aestivum L. Xiaoyan 54 (XY54, HL tolerant) and Jing 411 (J411, HL sensitive) were transferred from low light (LL) to HL for 28 d. The results showed that the CO2 assimilation rate, quantity of Rubisco and chlorophyll binding proteins decreased substantially for both cultivars in HL. However, the content of fructose, sucrose, and starch increased dramatically. In addition, the activity of hexokinase, pyruvate kinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and alkaline/neutral invertase increased significantly while the expression of most of the sugar metabolism-related genes were repressed by long-term HL. Correlation analysis revealed that sugar content and sucrose phosphate synthase activity were negatively while the expression of most sugar metabolism-related genes were positively correlated with chlorophyll content during HL treatment. Comparatively, the HL tolerant cultivar XY54 accumulated less sugars than the HL sensitive cultivar J411, suggesting that sugar metabolism may be the regulation target for wheat improvement to cope with HL stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanchang Li
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, Henan, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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24
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Li Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Li D, Zhao Y, Li Z, Liu Y, Jiang D, Li J, Zhou H, Chen J, Zhuang C, Liu Z. Overexpression of OsAGO1b Induces Adaxially Rolled Leaves by Affecting Leaf Abaxial Sclerenchymatous Cell Development in Rice. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 12:60. [PMID: 31396773 PMCID: PMC6687834 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-019-0323-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ARGONAUTE 1 (AGO1) proteins can recruit small RNAs to regulate gene expression, involving several growth and development processes in Arabidopsis. Rice genome contains four AGO1 genes, OsAGO1a to OsAGO1d. However, the regulatory functions to rice growth and development of each AGO1 gene are still unknown. RESULTS We obtained overexpression and RNAi transgenic lines of each OsAGO1 gene. However, only up- and down-regulation of OsAGO1b caused multiple abnormal phenotypic changes in rice, indicating that OsAGO1b is the key player in rice growth and organ development compared with other three OsAGO1s. qRT-PCR assays showed that OsAGO1b was almost unanimously expressed in leaves at different developmental stages, and strongly expressed in spikelets at S1 to S3 stages. OsAGO1b is a typical AGO protein, and co-localized in both the nucleus and cytoplasm simultaneously. Overexpression of OsAGO1b caused adaxially rolled leaves and a series of abnormal phenotypes, such as the reduced tiller number and plant height. Knockdown lines of OsAGO1b showed almost normal leaves, but the seed setting percentage was significantly reduced accompanied by the disturbed anther patterning and reduced pollen fertility. Further anatomical observation revealed that OsAGO1b overexpression plants showed the partially defective development of sclerenchymatous cells on the abaxial side of leaves. In situ hybridization showed OsAGO1b mRNA was uniformly accumulated in P1 to P3 primordia without polarity property, suggesting OsAGO1b did not regulate the adaxial-abaxial polarity development directly. The expression levels of several genes related to leaf polarity development and vascular bundle differentiation were observably changed. Notably, the accumulation of miR166 and TAS3-siRNA was decreased, and their targeted OSHBs and OsARFs were significantly up-regulated. The mRNA distribution patterns of OSHB3 and OsARF4 in leaves remained almost unchanged between ZH11 and OsAGO1b overexpression lines, but their expression levels were enhanced at the regions of vascular bundles and sclerenchymatous cell differentiation. CONCLUSIONS In summary, we demonstrated OsAGO1b is the leading player among four OsAGO1s in rice growth and development. We propose that OsAGO1b may regulate the abaxial sclerenchymatous cell differentiation by affecting the expression of OSHBs in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youhan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ye Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 China
| | - Dexia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Yahuan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhijie Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dagang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223 China
| | - Chuxiong Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Zhenlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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25
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Sandhu N, Subedi SR, Singh VK, Sinha P, Kumar S, Singh SP, Ghimire SK, Pandey M, Yadaw RB, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Deciphering the genetic basis of root morphology, nutrient uptake, yield, and yield-related traits in rice under dry direct-seeded cultivation systems. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9334. [PMID: 31249338 PMCID: PMC6597570 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45770-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the face of global water scarcity, a successful transition of rice cultivation from puddled to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) is a future need. A genome-wide association study was performed on a complex mapping population for 39 traits: 9 seedling-establishment traits, 14 root and nutrient-uptake traits, 5 plant morphological traits, 4 lodging resistance traits, and 7 yield and yield-contributing traits. A total of 10 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) were found along with 25 QTLs associated with 25 traits. The percent phenotypic variance explained by SNPs ranged from 8% to 84%. Grain yield was found to be significantly and positively correlated with seedling-establishment traits, root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain yield-contributing traits. The genomic colocation of different root morphological traits, nutrient uptake-related traits, and grain-yield-contributing traits further supports the role of root morphological traits in improving nutrient uptake and grain yield under DDSR. The QTLs/candidate genes underlying the significant MTAs were identified. The identified promising progenies carrying these QTLs may serve as potential donors to be exploited in genomics-assisted breeding programs for improving grain yield and adaptability under DDSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Sushil Raj Subedi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.,Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal.,National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Nepal
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar, India
| | - S P Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
| | | | - Madhav Pandey
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
| | | | - Rajeev K Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines.
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26
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Subedi SR, Sandhu N, Singh VK, Sinha P, Kumar S, Singh SP, Ghimire SK, Pandey M, Yadaw RB, Varshney RK, Kumar A. Genome-wide association study reveals significant genomic regions for improving yield, adaptability of rice under dry direct seeded cultivation condition. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:471. [PMID: 31182016 PMCID: PMC6558851 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5840-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puddled transplanted system of rice cultivation despite having several benefits, is a highly labor, water and energy intensive system. In the face of changing climatic conditions, a successful transition from puddled to dry direct seeded rice (DDSR) cultivation system looks must in future. Genome-wide association study was performed for traits including, roots and nutrient uptake (14 traits), plant-morphological (5 traits), lodging-resistance (4 traits) and yield and yield attributing traits (7 traits) with the aim to identify significant marker-trait associations (MTAs) for traits enhancing rice adaptability to dry direct-seeded rice (DDSR) system. RESULTS Study identified a total of 37 highly significant MTAs for 20 traits. The false discovery rate (FDR) ranged from 0.264 to 3.69 × 10- 4, 0.0330 to 1.25 × 10- 4, and 0.0534 to 4.60 × 10- 6 in 2015WS, 2016DS and combined analysis, respectively. The percent phenotypic variance (PV) explained by SNPs ranged from 9 to 92%. Among the identified significant MTAs, 15 MTAs associated with the traits including nodal root, root hair length, root length density, stem and culm diameter, plant height and grain yield were reported to be located in the proximity of earlier identified candidate gene. The significant positive correlation of grain-yield with seedling establishment traits, root morphological and nutrient-uptake related traits and grain yield attributing traits pointing towards combining target traits to increase rice yield and adaptability under DDSR. Seven promising progenies with better root morphology, nutrient-uptake and higher grain yield were identified that can further be used in genomics assisted breeding for DDSR varietal development. CONCLUSIONS Once validated, the identified MTAs and the SNPs linked with trait of interest could be of direct use in genomic assisted breeding (GAB) to improve grain yield and adaptability of rice under DDSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raj Subedi
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal
- National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Nepal
| | - Nitika Sandhu
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
- Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Vikas Kumar Singh
- International Rice Research Institute, South Asia Hub, ICRISAT, Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallavi Sinha
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, Bihar India
| | - S. P. Singh
- Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour, Bihar India
| | | | - Madhav Pandey
- Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan Nepal
| | | | - Rajeev K. Varshney
- Center of Excellence in Genomics and System Biology, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Hyderabad, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- Rice Breeding Platform, International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Burgess AJ, Gibbs JA, Murchie EH. A canopy conundrum: can wind-induced movement help to increase crop productivity by relieving photosynthetic limitations? JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2371-2380. [PMID: 30481324 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Wind-induced movement is a ubiquitous occurrence for all plants grown in natural or agricultural settings, and in the context of high, damaging wind speeds it has been well studied. However, the impact of lower wind speeds (which do not cause any damage) on mode of movement, light transmission, and photosynthetic properties has, surprisingly, not been fully explored. This impact is likely to be influenced by biomechanical properties and architectural features of the plant and canopy. A limited number of eco-physiological studies have indicated that movement in wind has the potential to alter light distribution within canopies, improving canopy productivity by relieving photosynthetic limitations. Given the current interest in canopy photosynthesis, it is timely to consider such movement in terms of crop yield progress. This opinion article sets out the background to wind-induced crop movement and argues that plant biomechanical properties may have a role in the optimization of whole-canopy photosynthesis via established physiological processes. We discuss how this could be achieved using canopy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Burgess
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
| | - Jonathon A Gibbs
- School of Computer Science, University of Nottingham, Jubilee Campus, UK
| | - Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, UK
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28
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Quero G, Bonnecarrère V, Fernández S, Silva P, Simondi S, Borsani O. Light-use efficiency and energy partitioning in rice is cultivar dependent. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2019; 140:51-63. [PMID: 30448978 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-018-0605-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
One of the main limitations of rice yield in regions of high productive performance is the light-use efficiency (LUE). LUE can be determined at the whole-plant level or at the photosynthetic apparatus level (quantum yield). Both vary according to the intensity and spectral quality of light. The aim of this study was to analyze the cultivar dependence regarding LUE at the plant level and quantum yield using four rice cultivars and four light environments. To achieve this, two in-house Light Systems were developed: Light System I which generates white light environments (spectral quality of 400-700 nm band) and Light System II which generates a blue-red light environment (spectral quality of 400-500 nm and 600-700 nm bands). Light environment conditioned the LUE and quantum yield in PSII of all evaluated cultivars. In white environments, LUE decreased when light intensity duplicated, while in blue-red environments no differences on LUE were observed. Energy partition in PSII was determined by the quantum yield of three de-excitation processes using chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. For this purpose, a quenching analysis followed by a relaxation analysis was performed. The damage of PSII was only increased by low levels of energy in white environments, leading to a decrease in photochemical processes due to the closure of the reaction centers. In conclusion, all rice cultivars evaluated in this study were sensible to low levels of radiation, but the response was cultivar dependent. There was not a clear genotypic relation between LUE and quantum yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gastón Quero
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - Victoria Bonnecarrère
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria (INIA), Unidad de Biotecnología. Estación Experimental Wilson Ferreira Aldunate, Ruta 48, Km 10, Rincón del Colorado, 90200, Canelones, Uruguay.
| | - Sebastián Fernández
- Instituto de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de la República, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Pedro Silva
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Simondi
- Area de Matemática, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (FCEN-UNCuyo), Padre Contreras 1300, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Omar Borsani
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Garzón 809, Montevideo, Uruguay
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29
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Shaaf S, Bretani G, Biswas A, Fontana IM, Rossini L. Genetics of barley tiller and leaf development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 61:226-256. [PMID: 30548413 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In cereals, tillering and leaf development are key factors in the concept of crop ideotype, introduced in the 1960s to enhance crop yield, via manipulation of plant architecture. In the present review, we discuss advances in genetic analysis of barley shoot architecture, focusing on tillering, leaf size and angle. We also discuss novel phenotyping techniques, such as 2D and 3D imaging, that have been introduced in the era of phenomics, facilitating reliable trait measurement. We discuss the identification of genes and pathways that are involved in barley tillering and leaf development, highlighting key hormones involved in the control of plant architecture in barley and rice. Knowledge on genetic control of traits related to plant architecture provides useful resources for designing ideotypes for enhanced barley yield and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Shaaf
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Abhisek Biswas
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Laura Rossini
- University of Milan, DiSAA, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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30
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Wang D, Fahad S, Saud S, Kamran M, Khan A, Khan MN, Hammad HM, Nasim W. Morphological acclimation to agronomic manipulation in leaf dispersion and orientation to promote "Ideotype" breeding: Evidence from 3D visual modeling of "super" rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 135:499-510. [PMID: 30459081 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Food security is confronted by major threats from crop yield stagnation and global climate change. The benefits of phenotypic plasticity across environments for given crop genotypes are thought to be imperative for high-yielding cropping systems. Given that 3D modeling is increasingly recognized for dissecting crop phenotypic plasticity, it requires an assessment of the potential benefits of architectural adaptation of super rice to different agronomic practices. In this study, we focused on a comprehensive evaluation of the phenotypic plasticity of super rice on the aspects of 3D architectural "reoptimization," photosynthetic productivity, nitrogen economy, and grain yield. A super rice phenotype in superhigh-yielding practice (SH) displays a "reoptimized" morphogenesis in the leaf vertical dispersion and orientation in comparison to that in Farmer's practice (FP). Specifically, a super rice phenotype in SH is provided with a high cumulative rate and peaks of leaf area, increasing the distribution of high leaf inclination angles in comparison to that in FP, particularly in the upper parts of the canopy. These "reoptimizations" sustained profits in light environment within a canopy, leaf area duration, photosynthetic light harvest, and light utilization efficiency and were coordinated with improving nitrogen uptake and assimilation. The current literature indicates that the agronomic plasticity of super rice in architectural "reoptimization" is a promising perspective for high yield formation. Our results suggest that more emphasis should be placed upon agronomic adaptation strategies for super rice across diverse genotypes and environments to further improve crop establishment and photosynthetic productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Depeng Wang
- College of Life Science, Linyi University, Linyi, Shandong 276000, China.
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department of Agriculture, University of Swabi, Khyber Palhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Shah Saud
- College of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Kamran
- College of Agronomy, Key Laboratory of Crop Physio-Ecology and Tillage in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Aziz Khan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530005, China
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hafiz Mohkum Hammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Nasim
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Vehari 61100, Pakistan
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31
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Rao YV, Balakrishnan D, Addanki KR, Mesapogu S, Kiran TV, Subrahmanyam D, Neelamraju S, Voleti SR. Characterization of backcross introgression lines derived from Oryza nivara accessions for photosynthesis and yield. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 24:1147-1164. [PMID: 30425431 PMCID: PMC6214435 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-018-0575-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Improvement of photosynthetic traits is a promising strategy to break the yield potential barrier of major food crops. Leaf photosynthetic traits were evaluated in a set of high yielding Oryza sativa, cv. Swarna × Oryza nivara backcross introgression lines (BILs) along with recurrent parent Swarna, both in wet (Kharif) and dry (Rabi) seasons in normal irrigated field conditions. Net photosynthesis (P N) ranged from 15.37 to 23.25 µmol (CO2) m-2 s-1 in the BILs. Significant difference in P N was observed across the seasons and genotypes. Six BILs showed high photosynthesis compared with recurrent parent in both seasons. Chlorophyll content showed minimum variation across the seasons for any specific BIL but significant variation was observed among BILs. Significant positive association between photosynthetic traits and yield traits was observed, but this association was not consistent across seasons mainly due to contrasting weather parameters in both seasons. BILs 166s and 248s with high and consistent photosynthetic rate exhibited stable high yield levels in both the seasons compared to the recurrent parent Swarna. There is scope to exploit photosynthetic efficiency of wild and weedy rice to identify genes for improvement of photosynthetic rate in cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya Balakrishnan
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Krishnam Raju Addanki
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sukumar Mesapogu
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Thuraga Vishnu Kiran
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Desiraju Subrahmanyam
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sarla Neelamraju
- ICAR- National Professor Project, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sitapathi Rao Voleti
- Plant Physiology Section, Department of Crop Physiology, ICAR- Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
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Yin C, Li H, Zhao Z, Wang Z, Liu S, Chen L, Liu X, Tian Y, Ma J, Xu L, Zhang D, Zhu S, Li D, Wan J, Wang J. Genetic dissection of top three leaf traits in rice using progenies from a japonica × indica cross. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:866-880. [PMID: 28875589 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The size of the top three leaves of rice plants is strongly associated with yield; thus, it is important to consider quantitative traits representing leaf size (e.g., length and width) when breeding novel rice varieties. It is challenging to measure such traits on a large scale in the field, and little is known about the genetic factors that determine the size of the top three leaves. In the present study, a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) and reciprocal single chromosomal segment substitution lines (SSSLs) derived from the progeny of a japonica Asominori × indica IR24 cross were grown under four diverse environmental conditions. Six morphological traits associated with leaf size were measured, namely length and flag leaf, length and flag, second and third leaves. In the RIL population, 49 QTLs were identified that clustered in 30 genomic region. Twenty-three of these QTLs were confirmed in the SSSL population. A comparison with previously reported genes/QTLs revealed eight novel genomic regions that contained uncharacterized ORFs associated with leaf size. The QTLs identified in this study can be used for marker-assisted breeding and for fine mapping of novel genetic elements controlling leaf size in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changbin Yin
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Huihui Li
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Rice Research Institute, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Liangming Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yunlu Tian
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Juan Ma
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lidong Xu
- National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Research Center of Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dashuang Zhang
- Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Susong Zhu
- Rice Research Institute, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Danting Li
- Rice Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Jianmin Wan
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, and Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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Hirotsu N, Ujiie K, Perera I, Iri A, Kashiwagi T, Ishimaru K. Partial loss-of-function of NAL1 alters canopy photosynthesis by changing the contribution of upper and lower canopy leaves in rice. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 29162918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15886-15885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic basis of leaf and canopy photosynthesis. Here we aimed to detect novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling photosynthesis by increasing leaf nitrogen content (LNC) per leaf area and analysed its effect on leaf and canopy photosynthesis. To identify QTL that increase photosynthetic rate in leaves, we screened chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Koshihikari and O. sativa ssp. indica cultivar Nona Bokra using LNC per leaf area as the phenotype indicator. Locus leaf nitrogen content on chromosome four (qLNC4) is associated with increased LNC and photosynthetic rate per leaf area. Moreover, a non-synonymous amino acid substitution was identified in the NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) gene located in the qLNC4 region. This NAL1 allele increases LNC and photosynthetic rate per leaf area in flag leaves but does not increase whole-leaf photosynthesis. This NAL1 allele also increases light capture and whole-leaf nitrogen content of the lower leaves and is associated with slower senescence in flag leaves. These results suggest that this NAL1 allele does not increase whole-leaf photosynthesis but plays a role in regulating spatial and temporal trade-offs among traits at the whole-plant level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Hirotsu
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Ujiie
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Ishara Perera
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Ayano Iri
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Toyo University, 1-1-1 Izumino, Itakura, Oura, Gunma, 374-0193, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kashiwagi
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Ken Ishimaru
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kannondai 2-1-2, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan.
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Partial loss-of-function of NAL1 alters canopy photosynthesis by changing the contribution of upper and lower canopy leaves in rice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15958. [PMID: 29162918 PMCID: PMC5698313 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about the genetic basis of leaf and canopy photosynthesis. Here we aimed to detect novel quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling photosynthesis by increasing leaf nitrogen content (LNC) per leaf area and analysed its effect on leaf and canopy photosynthesis. To identify QTL that increase photosynthetic rate in leaves, we screened chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cultivar Koshihikari and O. sativa ssp. indica cultivar Nona Bokra using LNC per leaf area as the phenotype indicator. Locus leaf nitrogen content on chromosome four (qLNC4) is associated with increased LNC and photosynthetic rate per leaf area. Moreover, a non-synonymous amino acid substitution was identified in the NARROW LEAF 1 (NAL1) gene located in the qLNC4 region. This NAL1 allele increases LNC and photosynthetic rate per leaf area in flag leaves but does not increase whole-leaf photosynthesis. This NAL1 allele also increases light capture and whole-leaf nitrogen content of the lower leaves and is associated with slower senescence in flag leaves. These results suggest that this NAL1 allele does not increase whole-leaf photosynthesis but plays a role in regulating spatial and temporal trade-offs among traits at the whole-plant level.
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He W, Adachi S, Sage RF, Ookawa T, Hirasawa T. Leaf photosynthetic rate and mesophyll cell anatomy changes during ontogenesis in backcrossed indica × japonica rice inbred lines. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2017; 134:27-38. [PMID: 28540586 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-017-0403-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The high-yielding indica rice variety, 'Takanari', has the high rate of leaf photosynthesis compared with the commercial japonica varieties. Among backcrossed inbred lines from a cross between 'Takanari' and a japonica variety, 'Koshihikari', two lines, BTK-a and BTK-b, showed approximately 20% higher photosynthetic rate than that of 'Takanari' for a flag leaf at full heading. This is a highest recorded rate of rice leaf photosynthesis. Here, the timing and cause of the increased leaf photosynthesis in the BTK lines were investigated by examining the photosynthesis and related parameters, as well as mesophyll cell anatomy during ontogenesis. Their photosynthetic rate was greater than that of 'Takanari' in the 13th leaf, as well as the flag leaf, but there were no differences in the 7th and 10th leaves. There were no consistent differences in the stomatal conductance, or the leaf nitrogen and Rubisco contents in the 13th and flag leaves. The total surface area of mesophyll cells per leaf area (TAmes) in the 13th and flag leaves increased significantly in the BTK lines due to the increased number and developed lobes of mesophyll cells compared with in 'Takanari'. The mesophyll conductance (g m) became greater in the BTK lines compared with 'Takanari' in the flag leaves but not in the 10th leaves. A close correlation was observed between TAmes and g m. We concluded that the increased mesophyll conductance through the development of mesophyll cells during the reproductive period is a probable cause of the greater photosynthetic rate in the BTK lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing He
- School of Biological Science and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Intelligent Computing, Jinan, 250022, China
| | - Shunsuke Adachi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON, M5S3B2, Canada
| | - Taiichiro Ookawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tadashi Hirasawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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Driever SM, Simkin AJ, Alotaibi S, Fisk SJ, Madgwick PJ, Sparks CA, Jones HD, Lawson T, Parry MAJ, Raines CA. Increased SBPase activity improves photosynthesis and grain yield in wheat grown in greenhouse conditions. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 372:20160384. [PMID: 28808101 PMCID: PMC5566882 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To meet the growing demand for food, substantial improvements in yields are needed. This is particularly the case for wheat, where global yield has stagnated in recent years. Increasing photosynthesis has been identified as a primary target to achieve yield improvements. To increase leaf photosynthesis in wheat, the level of the Calvin-Benson cycle enzyme sedoheptulose-1,7-biphosphatase (SBPase) has been increased through transformation and expression of a Brachypodium distachyon SBPase gene construct. Transgenic lines with increased SBPase protein levels and activity were grown under greenhouse conditions and showed enhanced leaf photosynthesis and increased total biomass and dry seed yield. This showed the potential of improving yield potential by increasing leaf photosynthesis in a crop species such as wheat. The results are discussed with regard to future strategies for further improvement of photosynthesis in wheat.This article is part of the themed issue 'Enhancing photosynthesis in crop plants: targets for improvement'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Driever
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, 6700 AK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Saqer Alotaibi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Stuart J Fisk
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Pippa J Madgwick
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Caroline A Sparks
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Huw D Jones
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Institute of Biological, Environmental & Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EE, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
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38
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Mathan J, Bhattacharya J, Ranjan A. Enhancing crop yield by optimizing plant developmental features. Development 2017; 143:3283-94. [PMID: 27624833 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A number of plant features and traits, such as overall plant architecture, leaf structure and morphological features, vascular architecture and flowering time are important determinants of photosynthetic efficiency and hence the overall performance of crop plants. The optimization of such developmental traits thus has great potential to increase biomass and crop yield. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of these developmental traits in crop plants, summarizing their genetic regulation and highlighting the potential of manipulating these traits for crop improvement. We also briefly review the effects of domestication on the developmental features of crop plants. Finally, we discuss the potential of functional genomics-based approaches to optimize plant developmental traits to increase yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotirmaya Mathan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Juhi Bhattacharya
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Aashish Ranjan
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, New Delhi 110067, India
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Carmo-Silva E, Andralojc PJ, Scales JC, Driever SM, Mead A, Lawson T, Raines CA, Parry MAJ. Phenotyping of field-grown wheat in the UK highlights contribution of light response of photosynthesis and flag leaf longevity to grain yield. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2017; 68:3473-3486. [PMID: 28859373 PMCID: PMC5853948 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Improving photosynthesis is a major target for increasing crop yields and ensuring food security. Phenotyping of photosynthesis in the field is critical to understand the limits to crop performance in agricultural settings. Yet, detailed phenotyping of photosynthetic traits is relatively scarce in field-grown wheat, with previous studies focusing on narrow germplasm selections. Flag leaf photosynthetic traits, crop development, and yield traits were compared in 64 field-grown wheat cultivars in the UK. Pre-anthesis and post-anthesis photosynthetic traits correlated significantly and positively with grain yield and harvest index (HI). These traits included net CO2 assimilation measured at ambient CO2 concentrations and a range of photosynthetic photon flux densities, and traits associated with the light response of photosynthesis. In most cultivars, photosynthesis decreased post-anthesis compared with pre-anthesis, and this was associated with decreased Rubisco activity and abundance. Heritability of photosynthetic traits suggests that phenotypic variation can be used to inform breeding programmes. Specific cultivars were identified with traits relevant to breeding for increased crop yields in the UK: pre-anthesis photosynthesis, post-anthesis photosynthesis, light response of photosynthesis, and Rubisco amounts. The results indicate that flag leaf longevity and operating photosynthetic activity in the canopy can be further exploited to maximize grain filling in UK bread wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabete Carmo-Silva
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - P John Andralojc
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Joanna C Scales
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Steven M Driever
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
- Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, Wageningen AK, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Mead
- Computational and Systems Biology, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
| | - Tracy Lawson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Christine A Raines
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester, Essex, UK
| | - Martin A J Parry
- Plant Biology and Crop Science, Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, UK
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41
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Liu X, Fan Y, Mak M, Babla M, Holford P, Wang F, Chen G, Scott G, Wang G, Shabala S, Zhou M, Chen ZH. QTLs for stomatal and photosynthetic traits related to salinity tolerance in barley. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:9. [PMID: 28049416 PMCID: PMC5210286 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomata regulate photosynthesis and transpiration, and these processes are critical for plant responses to abiotic stresses such as salinity. A barley double haploid population with 108 lines derived from a cross between CM72 (salt-tolerant) and Gairdner (salt-sensitive) was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with stomatal and photosynthetic traits related to salinity tolerance. RESULTS A total of 11 significant QTLs (LOD > 3.0) and 11 tentative QTLs (2.5 < LOD < 3.0) were identified. These QTLs are distributed on all the seven chromosomes, except 5H and explain 9.5-17.3% of the phenotypic variation. QTLs for biomass, intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance under control conditions co-localised together. A QTL for biomass also co-located with one for transpiration rate under salinity stress. A linkage was found between stomatal pore area and gas exchange. A QTL for salinity tolerance also co-localised with QTLs for grain yield and biomass on chromosome 3H. Based on the draft barley genome, the candidate genes for salinity tolerance at this locus are proposed. CONCLUSIONS The lack of major QTLs for gas exchange and stomatal traits under control and saline conditions indicates a complex relationship between salinity and leaf gas exchange due to the fact that these complex quantitative traits are under the control of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Liu
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Yun Fan
- School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7249 Australia
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Mohammad Babla
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Feifei Wang
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
- School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7249 Australia
| | - Guang Chen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058 China
| | - Grace Scott
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072 China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7249 Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- School of Land and Food and Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7249 Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751 Australia
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Wang Q, Zhao H, Jiang J, Xu J, Xie W, Fu X, Liu C, He Y, Wang G. Genetic Architecture of Natural Variation in Rice Nonphotochemical Quenching Capacity Revealed by Genome-Wide Association Study. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1773. [PMID: 29081789 PMCID: PMC5645755 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The photoprotective processes conferred by nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) serve fundamental roles in maintaining plant fitness and sustainable yield. So far, few loci have been reported to be involved in natural variation of NPQ capacity in rice (Oryza sativa), and the extents of variation explored are very limited. Here we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for NPQ capacity using a diverse worldwide collection of 529 O. sativa accessions. A total of 33 significant association loci were identified. To check the validity of the GWAS signals, three F2 mapping populations with parents selected from the association panel were constructed and assayed. All QTLs detected in mapping populations could correspond to at least one GWAS signal, indicating the GWAS results were quite reliable. OsPsbS1 was repeatedly detected and explained more than 40% of the variation in the whole association population in two years, and demonstrated to be a common major QTL in all three mapping populations derived from inter-group crosses. We revealed 43 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 7 insertions and deletions (InDels) within a 6,997-bp DNA fragment of OsPsbS1, but found no non-synonymous SNPs or InDels in the coding region, indicating the PsbS1 protein sequence is highly conserved. Haplotypes with the 2,674-bp insertion in the promoter region exhibited significantly higher NPQ values and higher expression levels of OsPsbS1. The OsPsbS1 RNAi plants and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants exhibited drastically decreased NPQ values. OsPsbS1 had specific and high-level expression in green tissues of rice. However, we didn't find significant function for OsPsbS2, the other rice PsbS homologue. Manipulation of the significant loci or candidate genes identified may enhance photoprotection and improve photosynthesis and yield in rice.
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43
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Luo X, Zheng J, Huang R, Huang Y, Wang H, Jiang L, Fang X. Phytohormones signaling and crosstalk regulating leaf angle in rice. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:2423-2433. [PMID: 27623811 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-2052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Leaf angle is an important agronomic trait in rice (Oryza sativa L.). It affects both the efficiency of sunlight capture and nitrogen reservoirs. The erect leaf phenotype is suited for high-density planting and thus increasing crop yields. Many genes regulate leaf angle by affecting leaf structure, such as the lamina joint, mechanical tissues, and the midrib. Signaling of brassinosteroids (BR), auxin (IAA), and gibberellins (GA) plays important roles in the regulation of lamina joint bending in rice. In addition, the biosynthesis and signaling of BR are known to have dominant effects on leaf angle development. In this review, we summarize the factors and genes associated with the development of leaf angle in rice, outline the regulatory mechanisms based on the signaling of BR, IAA, and GA, and discuss the contribution of crosstalk between BR and IAA or GA in the formation of leaf angle. Promising lines of research in the transgenic engineering of rice leaf angle to increase grain yield are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jingsheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Rongyu Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yumin Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Houcong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liangrong Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Xuanjun Fang
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiyang College of Zhejiang, A&F University, Zhuji, 311800, China.
- Hainan Institute of Tropical Agricultural Resources, Sanya, 572025, China.
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44
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Li Q, Fang C, Duan Z, Liu Y, Qin H, Zhang J, Sun P, Li W, Wang G, Tian Z. Functional conservation and divergence of GmCHLI genes in polyploid soybean. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 88:584-596. [PMID: 27459730 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy is prevalent in nature. As the fate of duplicated genes becomes more complicated when the encoded proteins function as oligomers, functional investigations into duplicated oligomer-encoding genes in polyploid genomes will facilitate our understanding of how traits are expressed. In this study, we identified GmCHLI1, a gene encoding the I subunit of magnesium (Mg)-chelatase, which functions in hexamers as responsible for the semi-dominant etiolation phenotype in soybean. Four GmCHLI copies derived from two polyploidy events were identified in the soybean genome. Further investigation with regard to expression patterns indicated that these four copies have diverged into two pairs; mutation in the other copy of the pair that includes GmCHLI1 also resulted in a chlorophyll-deficient phenotype. Protein interaction assays showed that these four GmCHLIs can interact with each other, but stronger interactions were found with mutated subunits. The results indicate that, in polyploidy, deficiency in each copy of duplicated oligomer-encoding genes could result in a mutant phenotype due to hetero-oligomer formation, which is different from the model of allelic dosage or functional redundancy. In addition, we interestingly found an increase in isoflavonoids in the heterozygous etiolated plants, which might be useful for improving soybean seed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Chao Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zongbiao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Hao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jixiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, 071000, China
| | - Wenbin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guodong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhixi Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Ladha JK, Rao AN, Raman AK, Padre AT, Dobermann A, Gathala M, Kumar V, Saharawat Y, Sharma S, Piepho HP, Alam MM, Liak R, Rajendran R, Reddy CK, Parsad R, Sharma PC, Singh SS, Saha A, Noor S. Agronomic improvements can make future cereal systems in South Asia far more productive and result in a lower environmental footprint. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2016; 22:1054-1074. [PMID: 26527502 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
South Asian countries will have to double their food production by 2050 while using resources more efficiently and minimizing environmental problems. Transformative management approaches and technology solutions will be required in the major grain-producing areas that provide the basis for future food and nutrition security. This study was conducted in four locations representing major food production systems of densely populated regions of South Asia. Novel production-scale research platforms were established to assess and optimize three futuristic cropping systems and management scenarios (S2, S3, S4) in comparison with current management (S1). With best agronomic management practices (BMPs), including conservation agriculture (CA) and cropping system diversification, the productivity of rice- and wheat-based cropping systems of South Asia increased substantially, whereas the global warming potential intensity (GWPi) decreased. Positive economic returns and less use of water, labor, nitrogen, and fossil fuel energy per unit food produced were achieved. In comparison with S1, S4, in which BMPs, CA and crop diversification were implemented in the most integrated manner, achieved 54% higher grain energy yield with a 104% increase in economic returns, 35% lower total water input, and a 43% lower GWPi. Conservation agriculture practices were most suitable for intensifying as well as diversifying wheat-rice rotations, but less so for rice-rice systems. This finding also highlights the need for characterizing areas suitable for CA and subsequent technology targeting. A comprehensive baseline dataset generated in this study will allow the prediction of extending benefits to a larger scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Kumar Ladha
- IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), 1st Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Adusumilli Narayana Rao
- IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), 1st Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Anitha K Raman
- IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), 1st Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | | | | | - Mahesh Gathala
- CIMMYT (International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center), Dhaka Office, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Yashpal Saharawat
- Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Sheetal Sharma
- IRRI (International Rice Research Institute), 1st Floor, CG Block, NASC Complex, DPS Marg, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Hans Peter Piepho
- Biostatistics Unit, Universitaet Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Md Mursedul Alam
- IRRI, Bangladesh Office, House-9, Road 2/2, Banani, Dhaka, 1213, Bangladesh
| | - Ranjan Liak
- Rajendra Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar, 848 125, India
| | - Ramasamy Rajendran
- Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, Thanjavur 612 101, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajender Parsad
- Indian Agriculture Statistical Research Institute, Library Avenue, Pusa, New Delhi, 110 012, India
| | - Parbodh C Sharma
- Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Zarifa Farm, Kachhwa Road, Karnal, 132 001, Haryana, India
| | - Sati Shankar Singh
- ICAR Parisar, P.O. Bihar Veterinary College, ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, 800 014, Bihar, India
| | - Abhijit Saha
- Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsoon Noor
- Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, 1701, Bangladesh
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46
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Yamori W, Kondo E, Sugiura D, Terashima I, Suzuki Y, Makino A. Enhanced leaf photosynthesis as a target to increase grain yield: insights from transgenic rice lines with variable Rieske FeS protein content in the cytochrome b6 /f complex. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:80-7. [PMID: 26138548 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Although photosynthesis is the most important source for biomass and grain yield, a lack of correlation between photosynthesis and plant yield among different genotypes of various crop species has been frequently observed. Such observations contribute to the ongoing debate whether enhancing leaf photosynthesis can improve yield potential. Here, transgenic rice plants that contain variable amounts of the Rieske FeS protein in the cytochrome (cyt) b6 /f complex between 10 and 100% of wild-type levels have been used to investigate the effect of reductions of these proteins on photosynthesis, plant growth and yield. Reductions of the cyt b6 /f complex did not affect the electron transport rates through photosystem I but decreased electron transport rates through photosystem II, leading to concomitant decreases in CO2 assimilation rates. There was a strong control of plant growth and grain yield by the rate of leaf photosynthesis, leading to the conclusion that enhancing photosynthesis at the single-leaf level would be a useful target for improving crop productivity and yield both via conventional breeding and biotechnology. The data here also suggest that changing photosynthetic electron transport rates via manipulation of the cyt b6 /f complex could be a potential target for enhancing photosynthetic capacity in higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Yamori
- Center for Environment, Health and Field Sciences, Chiba University, 6-2-1 Kashiwa-no-ha, Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-0882, Japan
- PRESTO and CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eri Kondo
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugiura
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ichiro Terashima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
- PRESTO and CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
| | - Yuji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
| | - Amane Makino
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, 1-1 Tsutsumidori-Amamiyamachi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 981-8555, Japan
- PRESTO and CREST, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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47
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Murchie EH, Ali A, Herman T. Photoprotection as a Trait for Rice Yield Improvement: Status and Prospects. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2015; 8:31. [PMID: 26424004 PMCID: PMC4589542 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-015-0065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Solar radiation is essential for photosynthesis and global crop productivity but it is also variable in space and time, frequently being limiting or in excess of plant requirements depending on season, environment and microclimate. Photoprotective mechanisms at the chloroplast level help to avoid oxidative stress and photoinhibition, which is a light-induced reduction in photosynthetic quantum efficiency often caused by damage to photosystem II. There is convincing evidence that photoinhibition has a large impact on biomass production in crops and this may be especially high in rice, which is typically exposed to high tropical light levels. Thus far there has been little attention to photoinhibition as a target for improvement of crop yield. However, we now have sufficient evidence to examine avenues for alleviation of this particular stress and the physiological and genetic basis for improvement in rice and other crops. Here we examine this evidence and identify new areas for attention. In particular we discuss how photoprotective mechanisms must be optimised at both the molecular and the canopy level in order to coordinate with efficient photosynthetic regulation and realise an increased biomass and yield in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik H Murchie
- Division of Plant and Crop Science, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Asgar Ali
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Tiara Herman
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Semenyih, 43500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
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48
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Valluru R, Reynolds MP, Lafarge T. Food security through translational biology between wheat and rice. Food Energy Secur 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Valluru
- Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) El Batan Mexico
| | - Matthew P. Reynolds
- Global Wheat Program International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) El Batan Mexico
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49
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Liu L, Sun G, Ren X, Li C, Sun D. Identification of QTL underlying physiological and morphological traits of flag leaf in barley. BMC Genet 2015; 16:29. [PMID: 25887313 PMCID: PMC4373040 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-015-0187-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physiological and morphological traits of flag leaf play important roles in determining crop grain yield and biomass. In order to understand genetic basis controlling physiological and morphological traits of flag leaf, a double haploid (DH) population derived from the cross of Huaai 11 × Huadamai 6 was used to detect quantitative trait locus (QTL) underlying 7 physiological and 3 morphological traits at the pre-filling stage in year 2012 and 2013. RESULTS Total of 38 QTLs distributed on chromosome 1H, 2H, 3H, 4H, 6H and 7H were detected, and explained 6.53% - 31.29% phenotypic variation. The QTLs flanked by marker Bmag829 and GBM1218 on chromosome 2H were associated with net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), flag leaf area (LA), flag leaf length (FLL), flag leaf width (FLW), relative chlorophyll content (SPD) and leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC). CONCLUSION Two QTL cluster regions associated with physiological and morphological traits, one each on the chromosome 2H and 7H, were observed. The two markers (Bmag829 and GBM1218) may be useful for marker assisted selection (MAS) in barley breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipan Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Genlou Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Biology Department, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada.
| | - Xifeng Ren
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Chengdao Li
- Department of Agriculture and Food/Agricultural Research Western Australia, 3 Baron-Hay Court, South Perth, WA, 6155, Australia.
| | - Dongfa Sun
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China. .,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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50
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Han HJ, Peng RH, Zhu B, Fu XY, Zhao W, Shi B, Yao QH. Gene expression profiles of Arabidopsis under the stress of methyl viologen: a microarray analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 41:7089-102. [PMID: 25253097 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Methyl viologen (MV) is the main ingredient of Paraquat. It is little known about how plants respond to this compound. To understand the mode of MV action and molecular mechanism of plant response, we performed experiments of microarray on Arabidopsis. In MV treated seedling, approximately 6% genes were altered at mRNA levels, including 818 genes increased, whereas 1,440 genes decreased. Studies of these genes expression patterns provided some new information on the reaction process of plant after the treatment with MV. These included signaling molecules for MV response and reactive oxygen species formation, enzymes required for secondary metabolism and, cell wall maintenance and strategy of photostasis balance. The expression kinetics of the genes induced by MV will provides useful information for the abiotic stress defense mechanism in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Juan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
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