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Fatima S, Rashid M, Hameed A. Development of Rice Mutants with Enhanced Resilience to Drought Stress and Their Evaluation by Lab Assay, Field, and Multivariate Analysis. SCIENTIFICA 2024; 2024:4373987. [PMID: 39238607 PMCID: PMC11377117 DOI: 10.1155/2024/4373987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Drought is one of the foremost devastating abiotic stresses reported for rice crops. To improve the productivity of rice, diversity is being enlarged by induced mutation using a source of gamma rays. But this type of mutation rarely results in fruitful products because the chances of getting the desired mutant are very low. The present study aimed to evaluate the rice mutants against drought or osmotic stress. In this study, three experiments were conducted that comprised of seventy-one mutants originating from different doses of gamma rays (Cs137) along with parent RICF-160 and commercial variety (Kainat) were tested. In the first experiment, germination and seedling attributes were calculated under control and osmotic stress conditions created by using 16% (0.6 MPa) polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). Results revealed that all the mutants exhibited significant (p < 0.01) responses to PEG-induced osmotic stress. Principal component biplot analysis (PCBA) revealed the first seventeen cumulative PCs with eigenvalues >1 contributed 88%. It was noted that the germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient velocity of germination (CVG), and seed vigor (SV) contributed maximum and positively in PC1. Results showed the highest germination percentage (GP) at 48 hrs in mutant NMSF-11 (88.9%) followed by NMSf-38 (73.3%). Similarly, the germination rate (GR) and coefficient velocity of germination (CVG) were measured highest in NMSF-11 (9.7 and 118.1%), respectively. In stress conditions, the mutants NMSF-35 and NMSF-36 depicted the highest GP, GR, and CVG. The maximum seed vigor (SV), shoot length (SL), root length (RL), and fresh weight (FW) were observed in mutants NMSF-50 and NMSF-51 under both conditions, whereas the mutants NMSF-59, NMSF-60, NMSF-64, and NMSF-67 showed lower values for SV, SL, RL, and FW. In the second experiment, a field trial was conducted at the Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, in two control and stress sets. A bit different trend was observed among all mutants for agronomic parameters under both conditions. In the third experiment, biochemical profiling was done in Marker Assisted Breeding (MAB) Lab-1, Plant Breeding and Genetics Division. A significant variation was seen in enzymatic antioxidants and chlorophyll content in both control and stress conditions. Under control conditions, the ascorbate peroxidase (APX) content was observed higher in mutant NMSF-49 (106.07 Units/g. f. wt.). In comparison with the stress, the ascorbate peroxidase activity was higher in NMSF-41 (82.34 Units/g. f. wt.). Catalase (CAT) activity was observed maximum in NMSF-29 (17.54 Units/g. f. wt.) and NMSF-40 (14.17 Units/g. f. wt.) under control and stress conditions, respectively. Peroxidase (POD) activity was observed maximum in NMSF-51 (22.55 Units/g. f. wt. and 10.84 Units/g. f. wt.) under control and stress conditions, respectively. In conclusion, to fit in the changing climate conditions for resilient rice crop production, the promising mutant lines may be used to transfer the desirable drought-tolerant/drought-resistant genes in rice germplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahwar Fatima
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rashid
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gong J, Wang C, Wang J, Yang Y, Kong X, Liu J, Tang M, Lou H, Wen Z, Yang S, Yi Y. Integrative study of transcriptome and microbiome to reveal the response of Rhododendron decorum to cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 280:116536. [PMID: 38833983 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The anomalies of cadmium (Cd) in karst region pose a severe threat to plant growth and development. In this study, the responses of Rhododendron decorum to Cd stress were investigated at physiological, molecular, and endophytic microbial levels, and the potential correlation among these responses was assessed. The Cd stress impeded R. decorum growth and led to an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels, as well as enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Meanwhile, Cd stress increased the Cd (up to 80 times compared to the control), sodium (Na), aluminum (Al), and zinc (Zn) contents, while decreased the magnesium (Mg) and manganese (Mn) contents in R. decorum leaves. Transcriptome suggested that Cd significantly regulated the pathways including "protein repair", "hormone-mediated signaling pathway", and "ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters". Additionally, q-PCR analysis showed that Cd stress significantly up-regulated the expressions of ABCB19-like and pleiotropic drug resistance, while down-regulated the expressions of indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase and cytokinin dehydrogenase. The Cd stress influenced the composition of endophytic microbial communities in R. decorum leaves and enhanced the interspecific bacterial associations. Furthermore, the bacterial genera Achromobacter, Aureimonas and fungal genus Vishniacozyma exhibited a high degree of connectivity with other nodes in networks constructed by the metal element contents, differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and microbial communities, respectively. These findings provide a comprehensive insight into the response of R. decorum to Cd-induced stress, which might facilitate the breeding of the Cd-tolerant R. decorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyi Gong
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, Lanzhou University, Center for Grassland Microbiome, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Gansu Yasheng Agricultural Research Institute Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730010, China
| | - Xin Kong
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Ming Tang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Hezhen Lou
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhirui Wen
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China
| | - Shengtian Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Yin Yi
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration on Biodiversity Conservation in Karst Mountainous Areas of Southwestern China, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
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Attique S, Ibrahim M, Khan C, Ali A, Qadir R, Khan A, Al-Salahi R, Abuelizz HA, da Silva Medeiros P, Moreira Sampaio O, Campos Curcino Vieira L. Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Oxalis corymbosa Extracts. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400883. [PMID: 38985537 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
This work aimed to assess the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of Oxalis corymbosa extracts. Biochemical analyses were conducted on various plant parts, utilizing enzymatic and non-enzymatic assays. Parameters such as total soluble protein, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents were also evaluated to elucidate the role of bioactive chemical compounds. The antimicrobial screening of extracts was performed against the bacterial and fungal strains Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, respectively. Results indicated that chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, carotenoid content, anthocyanin content, catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase were most abundant in the O. corymbosa leaves. Moreover, total ascorbate peroxidase content, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid content were found to be higher in the roots compared to other parts. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis identified chlorogenic acid as the major component, followed by gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, and salicylic acid. Regarding antibacterial potential, each extract exhibited significant activity, with methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts demonstrating the maximum inhibition zone against S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. These findings highlight the substantial antioxidant and antibacterial potential of different parts of O. corymbosa, suggesting their promising applications as ingredients in various nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Attique
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ibrahim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Changeez Khan
- Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rahman Qadir
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ajmir Khan
- School of Packaging, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI-48824, United State
| | - Rashad Al-Salahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abuelizz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Olívia Moreira Sampaio
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá-MT, 78060-900, Brazil
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Noreen A, Hameed A, Shah TM. Field screening and identification of biochemical indices of pod borer ( Helicoverpa armigera) resistance in chickpea mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1335158. [PMID: 38799100 PMCID: PMC11127602 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1335158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chickpea pod borer (CPB) (Helicoverpa armigera) is one of the major pests, causing significant yield losses. The objectives were to screen chickpea mutants for pod borer resistance/tolerance under field conditions and identification of biochemical markers of tolerance. Chickpea mutant CM216-A/15 had highest leaf (25 trichomes/mm2) and stem trichome density (17 trichomes/mm2) with least pod damage at Kallur Kot and highest pod weight per plant (22.8 ± 2.6g) at AZRI. Higher total phenolic contents (TPCs) and antioxidant capacity were detected in tolerant mutants, i.e., CM216-A/15 and CM664/15. TPC was positively associated with pod yield and had negative correlation with pod damage. Mutants CM216-A/15, CM664/15, and CM766/15 depicted the highest resilience to CPB, owing to higher hairiness, better antioxidant defense response, and lower levels of hydrolytic enzymes and sugars. Identified biochemical markers like TPC, total oxidant status, superoxide dismutase, and pigments can be used for screening of CPB-tolerant/resistant mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shafique Ahmad K, Shehzad MA, Javid H, Mehmood A, Akhtar G, Zafar S, Mahroof S, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO, Ulfat A, Abid H. Transgenerational Seed Exposure to Elevated CO 2 Involves Stress Memory Regulation at Metabolic Levels to Confer Drought Resistance in Wheat. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20042-20055. [PMID: 38737051 PMCID: PMC11079883 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c10379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Drought is the worst environmental stress constraint that inflicts heavy losses to global food production, such as wheat. The metabolic responses of seeds produced overtransgenerational exposure to e[CO2] to recover drought's effects on wheat are still unexplored. Seeds were produced constantly for four generations (F1 to F4) under ambient CO2 (a[CO2], 400 μmol L-1) and elevated CO2 (e[CO2], 800 μmol L-1) concentrations, and then further regrown under natural CO2 conditions to investigate their effects on the stress memory metabolic processes liable for increasing drought resistance in the next generation (F5). At the anthesis stage, plants were subjected to normal (100% FC, field capacity) and drought stress (60% FC) conditions. Under drought stress, plants of transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds showed markedly increased superoxide dismutase (16%), catalase (24%), peroxidase (9%), total antioxidants (14%), and proline (35%) levels that helped the plants to sustain normal growth through scavenging of hydrogen peroxide (11%) and malondialdehyde (26%). The carbohydrate metabolic enzymes such as aldolase (36%), phosphoglucomutase (12%), UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (25%), vacuolar invertase (33%), glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase (68%), and cell wall invertase (17%) were decreased significantly; however, transgenerational seeds produced under e[CO2] showed a considerable increase in their activities in drought-stressed wheat plants. Moreover, transgenerational e[CO2] exposed seeds under drought stress caused a marked increase in leaf Ψw (15%), chlorophyll a (19%), chlorophyll b (8%), carotenoids (12%), grain spike (16%), hundred grain weight (19%), and grain yield (10%). Hence, transgenerational seeds exposed to e[CO2] upregulate the drought recovery metabolic processes to improve the grain yield of wheat under drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Shehzad
- Institute
of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Muhammad
Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Hina Javid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Gulzar Akhtar
- Department
of Horticulture, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef
University of Agriculture, Multan 66000, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Zafar
- Department
of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore 54770, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Mahroof
- Institute
of Grassland Science, Northeast Normal University, Key Laboratory
of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education, Jilin Songnen Grassland
Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Changchun 130024, P. R. China
| | - Eman A. Mahmoud
- Department
of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Damietta 34517, Egypt
| | - Hosam O. Elansary
- Department
of Plant Production, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aneela Ulfat
- Department
of Botany, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University
Nerian Sharif, Azad Jammu
and Kashmir 12080, Pakistan
| | - Hajra Abid
- Department
of Botany, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot 12350, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
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Sorour AA, Badr R, Mahmoud N, Abdel-Latif A. Cadmium and zinc accumulation and tolerance in two Egyptian cultivars (S53 and V120) of Helianthus annuus L. as potential phytoremediator. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1643-1654. [PMID: 38644603 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2343842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
One of the most important oil crops in the world, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), is recognized to help in soil phytoremediation. Heavy metal (HM) contamination is one of the most abiotic challenges that may affect the growth and productivity of such an important crop plant. We studied the influence of HM-contaminated soils on metal homeostasis and the potential hypertolerance mechanisms in two sunflower Egyptian cultivars (V120 and S53). Both cultivars accumulated significantly higher cadmium concentrations in their roots compared to their shoots during Cd and Zn/Cd treatments. Higher root concentrations of 121 mg g-1 dry weight (DW) and 125 mg g-1 DW were measured in V120 plants compared to relatively lower values of 111 mg g-1 DW and 105 mg g-1 DW in the roots of S53 plants, respectively. Cadmium contamination significantly upregulated the expression of heavy metal ATPases (HaHMA4) in the shoots of V120 plants. On the other hand, their roots displayed a notable expression of HaHMA3. This study indicates that V120 plants accumulated and sequestered Cd in their roots. Therefore, it is advised to cultivate the V120 cultivar in areas contaminated with heavy metals as it is a promising Cd phytoremediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Sorour
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Reem Badr
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nermen Mahmoud
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amani Abdel-Latif
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Hassan A, Hamid FS, Pariatamby A, Ossai IC, Ahmed A, Barasarathi J, Auta HS. Influence of bioaugmented fungi on tolerance, growth and phytoremediation ability of Prosopis juliflora Sw. DC in heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:28671-28694. [PMID: 38561536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The research aimed to determine the influence of endophytic fungi on tolerance, growth and phytoremediation ability of Prosopis juliflora in heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. A consortium of 13 fungal isolates as well as Prosopis juliflora Sw. DC was used to decontaminate heavy metal-polluted landfill soil. Enhanced plant growth (biomass and root and shoot lengths) and production of carotenoids, chlorophyll and amino acids L-phenylalanine and L-leucine that are known to enhance growth were found in the treated P. juliflora. Better accumulations of heavy metals were observed in fungi-treated P. juliflora over the untreated one. An upregulated activity of peroxidase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase was recorded in fungi-treated P. juliflora. Additionally, other metabolites, such as glutathione, 3,5,7,2',5'-pentahydroxyflavone, 5,2'-dihydroxyflavone and 5,7,2',3'-tetrahydroxyflavone, and small peptides, which include Lys Gln Ile, Ser Arg Ala, Asp Arg Gly, Arg Ser Ser, His His Arg, Arg Thr Glu, Thr Arg Asp and Ser Pro Arg, were also detected. These provide defence supports to P. juliflora against toxic metals. Inoculating the plant with the fungi improved its growth, metal accumulation as well as tolerance against heavy metal toxicity. Such a combination can be used as an effective strategy for the bioremediation of metal-polluted soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auwalu Hassan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Kashere, Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria.
| | - Fauziah Shahul Hamid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Agamuthu Pariatamby
- Jeffrey Sachs Center On Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Innocent Chukwunonso Ossai
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aziz Ahmed
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Research in Waste Management, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Marine Sciences, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - Jayanthi Barasarathi
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences (FHLS), INTI International University, Pesiaran Perdana BBN, Nilai, Negeri Sambilan, Malaysia
| | - Helen Shnada Auta
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
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Riaz F, Hameed A, Asghar MJ. Grain nutritional and antioxidant profiling of diverse lentil ( Lens culinaris Medikus) genetic resources revealed genotypes with high nutritional value. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1344986. [PMID: 38585617 PMCID: PMC10998453 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1344986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus ssp. Culinaris) is a self-pollinating, diploid (2n = 2X = 14) crop with a genome size of 4 Gbp. The present study was conducted to provide a database for the evaluation of lentil antioxidant capacity, nutritional quality, and biochemical attributes. For these purposes, lentil germplasm, including 100 exotic and local genotypes from different agro-climatic zones of Pakistan, was collected. Significant variation (p < 0.05) was found among the genotypes under investigation using the Tukey HSD test. Ascorbate peroxidase was highest in ALTINOPARK (2,465 Units/g s. wt.), catalase in LPP 12110 (5,595 Units/g s. wt.), superoxide dismutase in LPP 12105 (296.75 Units/g s. wt.), and peroxidase in NIAB Masoor 2002 (3,170 Units/g s. wt.). Furthermore, NLM 15016 had a maximum total antioxidant capacity of 15.763 mg/g s. wt. The maximum values of total soluble sugars (83.93 mg/g. s. wt.) and non-reducing sugars (74.79 mg/g. s. wt.) were noticed in NLM 15015. The highest reducing sugars were detected in ILL 8006 (45.68 mg/g. s. wt.) ascorbic acid in LPP 12182 (706 μg/g s. wt.), total phenolic content in NLI 17003 (54,600 μM/g s. wt.), and tannins in NLI 17057 (24,563 μM/g s. wt.). The highest chlorophyll a (236.12 μg/g s. wt.), chlorophyll b (317 μg/g s. wt.), total chlorophyll (552.58 μg/g s. wt.), and lycopene (10.881 μg/g s. wt.) were found in NLH 12097. Maximum total carotenoids were revealed in the local approved variety Markaz 2009 (17.89 μg/g s. wt.). Principal component analysis (PCA), correlation analysis (Pearson's test), and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were performed to detect the extent of variation in genotypes. In cluster analysis, all genotypes were categorized into three clusters. Cluster II genotypes showed remarkable divergence with cluster III. According to PCA, the contribution of PC-I regarding tested nutritional parameters toward variability was the highest (39.75%) and indicated positive factor loading for the tested nutritional and biochemical parameters. In conclusion, genotype X 2011S 33-34-32 can be used by the food industry in making pasta, multigrain bread, and snacking foods due to its high protein content for meat alternative seekers. Identified genotypes with high nutritional attributes can be utilized to improve quality parameters in the respective lentil breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li L, Yang F, A D, Jiang Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Yang Y. Assessment of sulfamethoxazole removal by three wetland plant species under hydroponic conditions: uptake, accumulation, and physiological responses. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2024; 26:1383-1391. [PMID: 38459767 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2324038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Plants play a crucial role as a removal pathway in constructed wetlands, demonstrating the ability to absorb and tolerate antibiotics from wastewater. However, the specific contribution of plants in this regard has not yet to be sufficiently established. To gain a more comprehensive insight into the associated processes, we selected three common wetland plant species, Canna indica L. (C. indica), Cyperus alternifolius L. (C. alternifolius), and Thalia dealbata Fraser (T. dealbata), to evaluate their capacity for uptake, accumulation, and physiological response in the removal of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) at varying initial concentrations (10, 30, 100, and 300 µg/L) under hydroponic conditions. The results showed that SMX removal was more efficient at lower concentrations (10 and 30 µg/L) than at higher concentrations (100 and 300 µg/L). Moreover, plant systems were found to consistently outperform unplanted systems in SMX removal. Among the assessed species, C. indica was identified as being relatively effective in the removal of SMX, whereas the performance of C. alternifolius was notably less pronounced. A positive correlation was observed between the concentration of SMX in the plant tissues and that in the external aqueous medium. However, plant tissue residues contributed only a minor fraction to the overall removal of SMX. Wetland plants absorb SMX through their roots, and we accordingly detected significantly higher concentrations in submerged plant tissues. Furthermore, we also detected reductions in net photosynthetic rates indicative of potential phytotoxicity, which is associated with the accumulation of antibiotic in the shoot tissues. Accumulation of SMX in the roots and rhizomes was also found to be associated with the development of shorter roots, with this effect becoming more pronounced with an increase in the concentration of exogenous SMX. However, despite these adverse effects, plants can detoxify antibiotics via the glutathione pathway. Of the assessed plant species, C. indica was identified as the most SMX tolerant, as indicated by Km and Vmax values, with C. alternifolius being the least tolerant. Our findings in this study reveal the potential value of wetland plants in the sequestration of antibiotics and provide evidence for the underlying mechanisms of action. These findings could make an important contribution to the implementation of phytoremediation in antibiotic-contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Pearl River Water Resources Research Institute, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of the Pearl River Estuary Regulation and Protection of Ministry of Water Resources, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengjuan Yang
- Guangdong Research Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan A
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Minling Chen
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Agricultural Land Pollution Integrated Prevention and Control of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, College of Resources and Environment, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Zhang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Ma X, Jiang Y, Qu Z, Yang Y, Wang W, He Y, Yu Y, Luo X, Liu Y, Han W, Di Q, Yang L, Wang Y. Overexpression of Phosphoserine Aminotransferase ( PSAT)-Enhanced Cadmium Resistance and Accumulation in Duckweed ( Lemna turionifera 5511). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:627. [PMID: 38475473 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) hampers plant growth and harms photosynthesis. Glutamate (Glu) responds to Cd stress and activates the Ca2+ signaling pathway in duckweed, emphasizing Glu's significant role in Cd stress. In this study, we overexpressed phosphoserine aminotransferase (PSAT), a crucial enzyme in Glu metabolism, in duckweed. We investigated the response of PSAT-transgenic duckweed to Cd stress, including growth, Glu metabolism, photosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activity, Cd2+ flux, and gene expression. Remarkably, under Cd stress, PSAT-transgenic duckweed prevented root abscission, upregulated the expression of photosynthesis ability, and increased Chl a, Chl b, and Chl a + b levels by 13.9%, 7%, and 12.6%, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activity (CAT and SOD) also improved under Cd stress, reducing cell membrane damage in PSAT-transgenic duckweeds. Transcriptomic analysis revealed an upregulation of Glu metabolism-related enzymes in PSAT-transgenic duckweed under Cd stress. Moreover, metabolomic analysis showed a 68.4% increase in Glu content in PSAT duckweed exposed to Cd. This study sheds novel insights into the role of PSAT in enhancing plant resistance to Cd stress, establishing a theoretical basis for the impact of Glu metabolism on heavy metal tolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yumeng Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ziyang Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yunwen Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenqiao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuman He
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yiqi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Ximeng Luo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Wenqian Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Qiqi Di
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Animal and Plant Resistance, College of Life Sciences, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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11
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Gupta P, Dhawan SS, Lal RK, Mishra A, Chanotiya CS. Low-temperature perception and modulations in Ocimum basilicum commercial cultivar CIM-Shishir: Biosynthetic potential with insight towards climate-smart resilience. Gene 2024; 896:148041. [PMID: 38036074 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.148041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The newly released interspecific hybrid variety CIM-Shishir, resulting from a cross between Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum kilimandscharicum claims to be a multicut, lodging resistant, cold tolerant, high essential oil yielding with linalool rich variety. It has a purple-green stem and has a unique feature and advantage of better survival in the winter season than other O. basilicum varieties, illustrating its physiological mechanisms for cold tolerance. In this study, we subjected both the CIM-Shishir variety and a control plant to cold stress to investigate the impact of low temperatures on various physiological, trichome developments, secondary metabolite constitution aspects related to essential oil production, and gene expression. The analysis revealed a significantly higher density and altered morphology of trichomes on the leaf surface of the variety subjected to low temperatures, indicating its adaptation to cold conditions. Furthermore, when comparing the treated plants under low-temperature stress, it was observed that the relative electrolyte leakage and Malondialdehyde (MDA) contents substantially increased in the control in contrast to the CIM-Shishir variety. This finding suggests that CIM-Shishir exhibits superior cold tolerance. Additionally, an increase in proline content was noted in the variety exposed to low temperatures compared to the control. Moreover, the chlorophyll and anthocyanin content gradually increased with prolonged exposure to low-temperature stress in the newly developed variety, indicating its ability to maintain photosynthetic capacity and adapt to cold conditions. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) also increased under low-temperature conditions in the CIM-Shishir variety, further highlighting its cold tolerance behaviour. In our research, we investigated the comprehensive molecular mechanisms of cold response in Ocimum. We analyzed the expression of key genes associated with cold tolerance in two plant groups: the newly developed hybrid variety known as CIM-Shishir Ocimum, which exhibits cold tolerance, and the control plants susceptible to cold climates that include WRKY53, ICE1, HOS1, COR47, LOS15, DREB5, CBF4, LTI6, KIN, and ERD2. These genes exhibited significantly higher expression levels in the CIM-Shishir variety compared to the control, shedding light on the genetic basis of its cold tolerance. The need for climate-smart, resilient high-yielding genotype is of high importance due to varied climatic conditions as this will hit the yield drastically and further to the economic sectors including farmers and many industries that are dependent on the bioactive constituents of Ocimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankhuri Gupta
- CSIR- Human Resource Development Centre Campus, Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
| | - Sunita Singh Dhawan
- Biotechnology Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226016, India.
| | - R K Lal
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - Anand Mishra
- Genetics and Plant Breeding Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
| | - C S Chanotiya
- Analytical Chemistry Division, CSIR- Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226015, India
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12
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Nawaz I, Mehboob A, Khan AHA, Naqvi TA, Bangash N, Aziz S, Khan W, Shahzadi I, Barros R, Ullah K, Shah MM. Higher cadmium and zinc accumulation in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) roots activates its antioxidants defense system. Biometals 2024; 37:87-100. [PMID: 37702876 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum) is herb with many biological and medicinal benefits for humans. However, growth on zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) contaminated sites might get severely affected due to over accumulation of heavy metals (HM) in different plant tissues. Antioxidants play a crucial role in minimizing the negative effects of HM. The present study investigates the effects of Zn and Cd stress on P. crispum morphological parameters, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidant profiling and metal accumulation in shoot/root. Plants were exposed to different concentrations of Zn (50, 100, 150 and 200 µM) and Cd (10, 20, 40 and 80 µM) along with control (no stress), in soil-less Hoagland's solution. The results showed that Zn and Cd substantially decrease the growth parameters with increased contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and electrolyte leakage (EL). Non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, like total phenolic contents (TPC) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), were induced high in leaves only upon Cd stress and contrarily decreased upon Zn stress. Total flavonoid contents (TFC) were decreased under Zn and Cd stress. Enzymatic antioxidant activities like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were also strongly induced upon Cd stress. At the same time, SOD and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activity was induced significantly upon Zn stress. Cd uptake and accumulation was notably high in roots as compared to shoots, which suggests P. crispum have a reduced ability to translocate Cd towards aboveground parts (leaves). Additionally, strong induction of antioxidants by P. crispum under Cd stress might indicate the capacity to effectively re-modulate its physiological response. However, further investigations regarding other HMs and experiments at the molecular level are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismat Nawaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Atifa Mehboob
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials and Advanced Industrial Technologies, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Tatheer Alam Naqvi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazneen Bangash
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Aziz
- Islamabad Model College for Girls, F-7/4, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials and Advanced Industrial Technologies, Universidad de Burgos, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Kifayat Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan.
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13
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Zhang J, Shoaib N, Lin K, Mughal N, Wu X, Sun X, Zhang L, Pan K. Boosting cadmium tolerance in Phoebe zhennan: the synergistic effects of exogenous nitrogen and phosphorus treatments promoting antioxidant defense and root development. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1340287. [PMID: 38362448 PMCID: PMC10867629 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1340287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Plants possess intricate defense mechanisms to resist cadmium (Cd) stress, including strategies like metal exclusion, chelation, osmoprotection, and the regulation of photosynthesis, with antioxidants playing a pivotal role. The application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers are reported to bolster these defenses against Cd stress. Several studies investigated the effects of N or P on Cd stress in non-woody plants and crops. However, the relationship between N, P application, and Cd stress resistance in valuable timber trees remains largely unexplored. This study delves into the Cd tolerance mechanisms of Phoebe zhennan, a forest tree species, under various treatments: Cd exposure alone, combined Cd stress with either N or P and Cd stress with both N and P application. Our results revealed that the P application enhanced root biomass and facilitated the translocation of essential nutrients like K, Mn, and Zn. Conversely, N application, especially under Cd stress, significantly inhibited plant growth, with marked reductions in leaf and stem biomass. Additionally, while the application of P resulted in reduced antioxidant enzyme levels, the combined application of N and P markedly amplified the activities of peroxidase by 266.36%, superoxide dismutase by 168.44%, and ascorbate peroxidase by 26.58% under Cd stress. This indicates an amplified capacity of the plant to neutralize reactive oxygen species. The combined treatment also led to effective regulation of nutrient and Cd distribution in roots, shoots, and leaves, illustrating a synergistic effect in mitigating toxic impact of N. The study also highlights a significant alteration in photosynthetic activities under different treatments. The N addition generally reduced chlorophyll content by over 50%, while P and NP treatments enhanced transpiration rates by up to 58.02%. Our findings suggest P and NP fertilization can manage Cd toxicity by facilitating antioxidant production, osmoprotectant, and root development, thus enhancing Cd tolerance processes, and providing novel strategies for managing Cd contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Noman Shoaib
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kexin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Nishbah Mughal
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaogang Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Hameed A, Maqsood W, Hameed A, Qayyum MA, Ahmed T, Farooq T. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin counteract salt-mediated ionic toxicity in wheat seedlings: an ecofriendly and sustainable approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:8917-8929. [PMID: 38182953 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Over-accumulating salts in soil are hazardous materials that interfere with the biochemical pathways in growing plants drastically affecting their physiological attributes, growth, and productivity. Soil salinization poses severe threats to highly-demanded and important crops directly challenging food security and sustainable productivity. Recently, there has been a great demand to exploit natural sources for the development of nontoxic nanoformulations of growth enhancers and stress emulators. The chitosan (CS) has growth-stimulating properties and widespread use as nanocarriers, while curcumin (CUR) has a well-established high ROS scavenging potential. Herein, we use CS and CUR for the preparation of CSNPs encapsulating CUR as an ecofriendly nanopriming agent. The hydroprimed, nanoprimed (0.02 and 0.04%), and unprimed (control) wheat seeds were germinated under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) and normal conditions. The seedlings established from the aforementioned seeds were employed for germination studies and biochemical analyses. Priming imprints mitigated the ionic toxicity by upregulating the machinery of antioxidants (CAT, POD, APX, and SOD), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and lycopene), tannins, flavonoids, and protein contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress. It controlled ROS production and avoided structural injuries, thus reducing MDA contents and regulating osmoregulation. The nanopriming-induced readjustments in biochemical attributes counteracted the ionic toxicity and positively influenced the growth parameters including final germination, vigor, and germination index. It also reduced the mean germination time, significantly validating the growth-stimulating and stress-emulating role of the prepared nanosystem. Hence, the nanopriming conferred tolerance against salt stress during germination and seedling development, ensuring sustainable growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arruje Hameed
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqas Maqsood
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Plant Breeding & Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Toheed Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Farooq
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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15
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Li Y, Shi X, Xu J, Huang X, Feng J, Huang Y, Liu K, Yu F. Proteomics-based analysis on the stress response mechanism of Bidens pilosa L. under cadmium exposure. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 462:132761. [PMID: 37837780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Bidens pilosa L. (B. pilosa) has great potential for the phytoremediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils. However, the molecular mechanism underlying Cd tolerance and detoxification in B. pilosa is still unclear. In the present study, a 4D label-free quantification technique combined with liquid chromatography-parallel reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to explore the stress response mechanism of B. pilosa. Proteomic analysis revealed 213 and 319 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the roots and leaves of B. pilosa, respectively, and 12 target proteins were selected for further analysis. SWISS-MODEL was used to predict the 3D structures of the target proteins. The cation-ATPase-N structural domain and an ATPase-E1-E2 motif, which help to regulate ATPase function, were detected in the TR10519_c0_g1_ORF protein. In addition, the TR6620_c0_g1_ORF_1 and TR611_c1_g1_ORF proteins contained peroxidase-1 and peroxidase-2 motifs. The TR11239_c0_g1_ORF protein was found to belong to the Fe-SOD family, to have a dimeric structure and to contain a relatively high proportion of α-helices but few β-sheets, which play important roles in reactive oxygen intermediate scavenging. Thus, the current study provides an overview of the proteomic response of B. pilosa in scavenging of Cd-induced reactive oxygen intermediates and reveals key proteins involved in the stress response of B. pilosa under Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xinwei Shi
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Xiaofang Huang
- College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Jingpei Feng
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Kehui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fangming Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecology of Rare and Endangered Species and Environmental Protection (Guangxi Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Environment and Resources, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China.
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16
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Misra G, Joshi-Saha A. Genetic mapping and transcriptome profiling of a chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) mutant identifies a novel locus (CaEl) regulating organ size and early vigor. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 116:1401-1420. [PMID: 37638656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea is among the top three legumes produced and consumed worldwide. Early plant vigor, characterized by good germination and rapid seedling growth, is an important agronomic trait in many crops including chickpea, and shows a positive correlation with seed size. In this study, we report a gamma-ray-induced chickpea mutant with a larger organ and seed size. The mutant (elm) exhibits increased early vigor and contains higher proline that contributes to a better tolerance under salt stress at germination, seedling, and early vegetative phase. The trait is governed as monogenic recessive, with wild-type allele being incompletely dominant over the mutant. Genetic mapping of this locus (CaEl) identified it as a previously uncharacterized gene (101503252) in chromosome 1 of the chickpea genome. There is a deletion of this gene in the mutant with a complete loss of expression. In silico analysis suggests that the gene is present as a single copy in chickpea and related legumes of the galegoid clade. In the mutant, cell division and expansion are affected. Transcriptome profiling identified differentially regulated transcripts related to cell division, expansion, cell wall organization, and metabolism in the mutant. The mutant can be exploited in chickpea breeding programs for increasing plant vigor and seed size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golu Misra
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Archana Joshi-Saha
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
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17
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Luo D, Lu H, Wang C, Mubeen S, Cao S, Yue J, Pan J, Wu X, Wu Q, Zhang H, Chen C, Rehman M, Li R, Chen P. Physiological and DNA methylation analysis provides epigenetic insights into kenaf cadmium tolerance heterosis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111663. [PMID: 36841339 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Soil heavy metal pollution is one of the most challenging problems. Kenaf is an important natural fiber crop with strong heterosis and a higher tolerance to heavy metals. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of kenaf heavy metal tolerance, especially the mechanism of genomic DNA methylation regulating heterosis. In this study, kenaf cultivars CP085, CP089, and their hybrid F1 seedlings were subjected to 300 µM cadmium stress and found obvious heterosis of cadmium resistance in morphology and antioxidant enzyme activity of F1 hybrid seedlings. Through methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP) analysis, we highlighted that the total DNA methylation level under cadmium decreased by 16.9 % in F1 and increased by 14.0 % and 3.0 % in parents CP085 and CP089, respectively. The hypomethylation rate was highest (21.84 %), but hypermethylation was lowest (17.24 %) in F1 compared to parent cultivars. In particular, principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) indicates a significant epigenetic differentiation between F1 and its parents under cadmium. Furthermore, 21 differentially methylated DNA fragments (DMFs) were analyzed. Especially, the expression of NPF2.7, NADP-ME, NAC71, TPP-D, LRR-RLKs, and DHX51 genes were changed due to cadmium stress and related to cytosine methylation regulation. Finally, the knocked-down of the differentially methylated gene NPF2.7 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) resulted in increased sensitivity of kenaf seedlings under cadmium stress. It is speculated that low DNA methylation levels can regulate gene expression that led to the heterosis of cadmium tolerance in kenaf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengjie Luo
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hai Lu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Caijin Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Samavia Mubeen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shan Cao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Yue
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiao Pan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xia Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qijing Wu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Canni Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Muzammal Rehman
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ru Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Agro-environment and Agric-products safety, Key Laboratory of Plant Genetics and Breeding, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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18
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Majhi S, Sikdar (née Bhakta) M. How heavy metal stress affects the growth and development of pulse crops: insights into germination and physiological processes. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:155. [PMID: 37138782 PMCID: PMC10149436 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The current work is an extensive review addressing the effects of heavy metals in major pulse crops such as Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), Pea (Pisum sativum L.), Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.), Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), Black gram (Vigna mungo L.) and Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.). Pulses are important contributors to the global food supply in the world, due to their vast beneficial properties in providing protein, nutritional value and health benefits to the human population. Several studies have reported that heavy metals are injurious to plants causing inhibition in plant germination, a decrease in the root and shoot length, reduction in respiration rate and photosynthesis. Properly disposing of heavy metal wastes has become an increasingly difficult task to solve in developed countries. Heavy metals pose one of the substantial constraints to pulse crops growth and productivity even at low concentrations. This article attempts to present the morphological, biochemical and various physiological changes induced on the pulse crops grown under various heavy metal stress such as As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Ni.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudipta Majhi
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
| | - Mausumi Sikdar (née Bhakta)
- Microbiology, Nutrition and Dietetics Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073 India
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The Early Oxidative Stress Induced by Mercury and Cadmium Is Modulated by Ethylene in Medicago sativa Seedlings. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030551. [PMID: 36978799 PMCID: PMC10045221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg) are ubiquitous soil pollutants that promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, causing oxidative stress. Tolerance depends on signalling processes that activate different defence barriers, such as accumulation of small heat sock proteins (sHSPs), activation of antioxidant enzymes, and the synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) from the fundamental antioxidant peptide glutathione (GSH), which is probably modulated by ethylene. We studied the early responses of alfalfa seedlings after short exposure (3, 6, and 24 h) to moderate to severe concentration of Cd and Hg (ranging from 3 to 30 μM), to characterize in detail several oxidative stress parameters and biothiol (i.e., GSH and PCs) accumulation, in combination with the ethylene signalling blocker 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Most changes occurred in roots of alfalfa, with strong induction of cellular oxidative stress, H2O2 generation, and a quick accumulation of sHSPs 17.6 and 17.7. Mercury caused the specific inhibition of glutathione reductase activity, while both metals led to the accumulation of PCs. These responses were attenuated in seedlings incubated with 1-MCP. Interestingly, 1-MCP also decreased the amount of PCs and homophytochelatins generated under metal stress, implying that the overall early response to metals was controlled at least partially by ethylene.
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Morpho-physiological and biochemical response of wheat to various treatments of silicon nano-particles under drought stress conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2700. [PMID: 36792788 PMCID: PMC9931706 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29784-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) have shown their potential for use in farming under water-deficient conditions. Thus, the experiment was accomplished to explore the impacts of seed priming of Si-NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield under different drought levels. The plants were grown in pots under natural ecological environmental conditions and were harvested on 25th of April, 2020. The results revealed that seed priming of Si-NPs (0, 300, 600, and 900 mg/L) suggestively improved, the spike length, grains per spike, 1000 grains weight, plant height, grain yield, and biological yield by 12-42%, 14-54%, 5-49%, 5-41%, 17-62%, and 21-64%, respectively, relative to the control. The Si-NPs improved the leaf gas trade ascribes and chlorophyll a and b concentrations, though decreased the oxidative pressure in leaves which was demonstrated by the diminished electrolyte leakage and upgrade in superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities in leaf under Si-NPs remedies over the control. The outcomes proposed that Si-NPs could improve the yield of wheat under a dry spell. In this manner, the utilization of Si-NPs by seed priming technique is a practical methodology for controlling the drought stress in wheat. These findings will provide the basis for future research and helpful to improve the food security under drought and heat related challenges.
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Jamal R, Narayan S, Dubey R, Kannaujia R, Rai R, Behera SK, Behera SK, Shirke PA, Pandey V, Barik SK. Response of tropical trees to elevated Ozone: a Free Air Ozone Enrichment study. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:238. [PMID: 36574061 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tropospheric ozone (O3) has become one of the main urban air pollutants. In the present study, we assessed impact of ambient and future ground-level O3 on nine commonly growing urban tree species under Free Air Ozone Enrichment (FAOE) condition. During the study period, mean ambient and elevated ozone (EO3) concentrations were 48.59 and 69.62 ppb, respectively. Under EO3 treatment, stomatal density (SD) significantly decreased and guard cell length (GCL) increased in Azadirachta indica, Bougainvillea spectabilis, Plumeria rubra, Saraca asoca and Tabernaemontana divaricata, while SD increased and GCL decreased in Ficus benghalensis and Terminalia arjuna. Proline levels increased in all the nine plant species under EO3 condition. EO3 significantly reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance (gs), and transpiration rates (E). Only A. indica and N. indicum showed higher gs and E under EO3 treatment. Water use efficiency (WUE) significantly increased in F. benghalensis and decreased in A. indica and T. divaricata. Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) significantly increased in Ficus religiosa and S. asoca whereas it decreased in B. spectabilis and A. indica. Of all the plant species B. spectabilis and A. indica were the most sensitive to EO3 (high gs and less ascorbic acid content) while S. asoca and F. religiosa were the most tolerant (lowgs and more ascorbic acid content). The sensitivity of urban tree species to EO3 is a cause of concern and should be considered for future urban forestry programmes. Our study should guide more such studies to identify tolerant trees for urban air pollution abatement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushna Jamal
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Shiv Narayan
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Raghvendra Dubey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Rekha Kannaujia
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | - Richa Rai
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
| | | | - Soumit K Behera
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Pramod A Shirke
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Uttar Pradesh, Ghaziabad, India, 201 002.
| | - Saroj K Barik
- Plant Ecology and Climate Change Sciences Division, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI), Uttar Pradesh, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow, 226001, India.
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Ahmed M, Khan KUR, Ahmad S, Aati HY, Sherif AE, Ashkan MF, Alrahimi J, Abdullah Motwali E, Imran Tousif M, Abbas Khan M, Hussain M, Umair M, Ghalloo BA, Korma SA. Phytochemical, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, thrombolytic, antibacterial, antiviral and in silico studies of Acacia jacquemontii leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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He M, Li Z, Chen C, Mei P. Impact of soil types and root exudates on cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbon phytoremediation by Sorghum sudanense, Festuca arundinace, and Lolium perenne. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.1036765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of industrialization, soils around the world have been polluted by heavy metals and oil to different degrees in recent years, and soil remediation has become a global problem. Phytoremediation has a wide application prospect because of its environmental friendliness and easy availability of materials.ObjectiveTo explore the effects of soil types and root exudates on the removal of cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbon in soils.MethodA pot experiments with three soil types (sandy, loamy and clayey) of the Changning-Weiyuan area of Sichuan province and three root exudates (citric acid, glycine, and maltose) were carried out using Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., Lolium perenne L., and Festuca arundinacea L. as test materials. Plants were grown in soils contaminated by cadmium and petroleum at different concentrations.ResultThe biomass of S. sudanense, the translocation ratio and removal rate of cadmium in S. sudanense decreased gradually with increasing soil cadmium concentration. The promotion effects of the three root exudates on S. sudanense were in the following order: citric acid > glycine > maltose. At the same cadmium pollution conditions, the biomass levels of S. sudanense in sandy, loamy, and clayey soils were in the following order: clayey soil > loamy soil > sandy soil. On the contrary, the concentration, translocation ratio, and removal rate of cadmium in S. sudanense grown in the different soils treated with root exudates were in the following order: sandy soil > loamy soil > clayey soil. Under the three soil conditions, the fresh weight of F. arundinacea (0.36 ~ 0.68 g) and S. sudanense (0.51 ~ 0.99 g) increased significantly (p < 0.05). The total petroleum hydrocarbons degradation efficiencies of F. arundinacea, L. perenne, and S. sudanense were high in sandy soil (34.27% ~ 60.52%). Changing the type of root exudate had a significant impact on the degradation of total petroleum hydrocarbons in sandy soil (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study showed that soil types impacted the accumulation of cadmium and petroleum in plants. Phytoremediation of cadmium and petroleum contaminated soil could be enhanced by the application of root exudates. This study recommend that the method is suitable for field remediation of soils contaminated with mild cadmium and petroleum hydrocarbons.
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Raza B, Hameed A, Saleem MY. Fruit nutritional composition, antioxidant and biochemical profiling of diverse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genetic resource. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035163. [PMID: 36311077 PMCID: PMC9608662 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tomato is the second most important vegetable crop consumed globally, by the virtue of its antioxidant-rich phytochemicals and bioactive compounds. Identifying genotypes with high antioxidant capacities and nutritionally rich phytochemicals is imperative for improving human health. The present study aimed to analyze 21 antioxidant and nutritional compounds in 93 geographically diverse, high yielding, better quality, stress tolerant tomato genotypes (hybrids, parental lines, inbred lines, and advanced lines). Significant variation (p < 0.05) was detected for investigated traits among the tested genotypes. Principal component analysis revealed the hybrids NIAB-Jauhar, Iron-lady F1, NBH-258, Ahmar F1, NIAB-Gohar, the parents H-24, B-25, AVTO1080, Astra and AVTO1003, as well as the lines LBR-17, AVTO1315, AVTO1311 and Lyp-1 revealed superior performance for the traits such as chlorophylls, lycopene, total carotenoids, total antioxidant capacity, total oxidant status, protease, alpha-amylase and total flavonoid content. Whereas the hybrids Surkhail F1, NBH-204, NBH-229, NBH-151, NBH-196, NBH-152, NBH-261, NBH-228, NIAB-Jauhar, NBH-256 and NBH-255, the lines 21354, AVTO1315, Newcherry, LA4097, AVTO1311 and UAF-1 together with the parents Naqeeb, NCEBR-5, M-82 and LBR-10 exhibited significant contribution to the traits such as total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, malondialdehyde, ascorbic acid, esterase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Moreover, the semi-determinate and determinate tomato genotypes together with the categories parent and line with positive factor scores of 3.184, 0.015, 0.325 and 0.186 in PC- I, exhibited better performance for the trait such as total chlorophylls, lycopene, total carotenoids, total oxidant status, protease, alpha-amylase, total antioxidant capacity, esterase and total flavonoid content. Whereas again the semi-determinate and indeterminate tomato genotypes along with the category hybrid with positive factor scores of 2.619, 0.252 and 0.114 in PC- II, exhibited better performance for the traits such as total soluble sugars, reducing sugars, chlorophyll b, malondialdehyde content, ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. Hybrid vigor was observed in the hybrids for investigated traits. The aforementioned tomato genotypes showing outstanding performance in the respective traits can be exploited in the breeding programs to improve nutritional quality of tomato that can further improve human health.
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Farooq TH, Bukhari MA, Irfan MS, Rafay M, Shakoor A, Rashid MHU, Lin Y, Saqib M, Malik Z, Khurshid N. Effect of Exogenous Application of Nicotinic Acid on Morpho-Physiological Characteristics of Hordeum vulgare L. under Water Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2443. [PMID: 36145842 PMCID: PMC9505083 DOI: 10.3390/plants11182443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses, such as high temperature and drought conditions, greatly influence the development of plants and the quality and quantity of products. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) crop production is largely impacted by drought, affecting growth, yield, and ultimately the productivity of the crop in hot arid/semi-arid conditions. The current pot experiment was directed to observe the outcome of nicotinic acid (NA) treatments on barley's physiological, biochemical, and production attributes at two capacity levels, i.e., 100% normal range and withholding water stress. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) was used during the experimentation with the two-factor factorial arrangement. NA was applied exogenously by two different methods, i.e., foliar and soil application (fertigation). NA solution contained various application levels, such as T1 = control, foliar applications (T2 = 0.7368 gL-1, T3 = 1.477 gL-1, T4 = 2.2159 gL-1), and soil applications (T5 = 0.4924 gL-1, T6 = 0.9848 gL-1, and T7 = 1.4773 gL-1). Results depicted that, overall, foliar treatments showed better effects than control and soil treatments. Plant growth was preeminent under T4 treatment, such as plant height (71.07 cm), relative water content (84.0%), leaf water potential (39.73-MPa), leaf area index (36.53 cm2), biological yield (15.10 kgha-1), grain yield (14.40 kgha-1), harvest index (57.70%), catalase (1.54 mmolg-1FW-1), peroxidase (1.90 g-1FWmin-1), and superoxide dismutase (52.60 µgFW-1) were superior under T4 treatment. Soil plant analysis development (54.13 µgcm-2) value was also higher under T4 treatment and lowest under T7 treatment. In conclusion, NA-treated plants were more successful in maintaining growth attributes than non-treated plants; therefore, the NA foliar treatment at the rate of 2.2159 gL-1 is suggested to find economical crop yield under drought conditions. The present study would contribute significantly to improving the drought tolerance potential of barley through exogenous NA supply in water deficit areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taimoor Hassan Farooq
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Bukhari
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Irfan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rafay
- Department of Forestry, Range and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Awais Shakoor
- Teagasc, Environment, Soils and Land Use Department, Johnstown Castle, Co., Y35 Y521 Wexford, Ireland
| | | | - Yang Lin
- Bangor College China, A Joint Unit of Bangor University and Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Muhammad Saqib
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Zaffar Malik
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nouman Khurshid
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
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Singh S, Prasad SM, Sharma S, Dubey NK, Ramawat N, Prasad R, Singh VP, Tripathi DK, Chauhan DK. Silicon and nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms of cadmium toxicity alleviation in wheat seedlings. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2022; 174:e13065. [PMID: 31916585 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The individual impact of silicon (Si) and nitric oxide (NO, as sodium nitroprusside) on metal toxicity in various plant species has been well documented; however, their combined action in the regulation of metal stress has never been tested yet. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of the combined application of Si and NO in the mitigation of Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings. Seedlings grown on Cd has a significantly declined growth due to an increased accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers (due to downregulation of antioxidant defense system particularly ascorbate-glutathione cycle) and a decreased accumulation of NO and Si. Additionally, the altered leaf and root structures resulted into a declined photosynthetic efficiency. However, the addition of Si and NO alone as well as combined significantly alleviated Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings by lowering the accumulation of Cd and oxidative stress markers and improving leaf and root structures, which are collectively responsible for a better photosynthetic rate under Cd toxicity, and hence an improved growth was noticed. Particularly, the application of Si and NO in combination lowered the oxidative stress markers via upregulating the antioxidant defense system (particularly AsA-GSH cycle) suggesting the increased efficacy of Si + NO against the Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings as compared to their alone treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Singh
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | - Shivesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Prayagraj, India
| | - Nawal Kishore Dubey
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Naleeni Ramawat
- Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Horticulture, Kulbhasker Ashram Post Graduate College, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Pratap Singh
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, C.M.P. Degree Collage, A Constituent Post Graduate College of University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
| | | | - Devendra Kumar Chauhan
- D D Pant Interdisciplinary Research Lab, Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, India
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Chen Z, Liu C, Cao B, Xu K. A hydrogen sulfide application can alleviate the toxic effects of cadmium on ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:68422-68431. [PMID: 35543791 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a poisonous element for human health. This study was conducted to explore whether H2S can alleviate the toxic effects of Cd on ginger. Specifically, ginger plants were grown in soil and treated with 7.5 mg·l-1 CdCl2, after which water (T1), 0.8 mM NaHS (T2), or 0.8 mM NaHS and 0.15 mM HT (T3) were added to the soil. The application of NaHS increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (APX, GR, MDHAR, and DHAR) during the early treatment stage. It also inhibited the decrease in Pn, Gs, and Ls under Cd stress conditions while also limiting the increase in Ci. An analysis of the expression of Cd uptake-related genes indicated that NaHS upregulated the expression of ZoNramp1, which encodes a metal transporter, in roots as well as ZoPCS1, which encodes a phytochelatin synthase. In contrast, NaHS downregulated ZoHMA2 expression in the rhizomes and roots under Cd stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Chen
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Canyu Liu
- Xuzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Bili Cao
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Taian, 271018, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Kun Xu
- College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit & Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production in Shandong, Taian, 271018, China.
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops in Huanghuai Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Taian, 271018, China.
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Gupta NK, Gupta S, Singh J, Garg NK, Saha D, Singhal RK, Javed T, Al-Huqail AA, Ali HM, Kumar R, Siddiqui MH. On-farm hydro and nutri-priming increases yield of rainfed pearl millet through physio-biochemical adjustments and anti-oxidative defense mechanism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265325. [PMID: 35687611 PMCID: PMC9187076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Seed priming technique has a marvelous potential in enhancing seed germination and crop establishment under limited soil moisture conditions, which ultimately increases yield. Therefore, we investigated the effects of seed priming on physiology, growth, yield and antioxidant defense system of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) under rain-fed condition. The experiments were conducted under laboratory as well as field conditions comprising three treatments i.e., non-primed seeds (control, T0), priming with tap water (hydropriming) (T1) and priming with 2% KNO3 2% for 6 hours at 25°C followed by shade drying (T2). The results showed that chlorophyll content (10.37-14.15%) and relative water content (RWC) (12.70-13.01%) increased whereas proline (-19.44 to -25%) and soluble sugar (-15.51 to -29.13%) contents decreased on account of seed priming in pearl millet under field conditions. The seed priming significantly improved the plant height, final plant stand and grain weight which resulted in increased yield. Enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (5.89 to 8.10 unit/g/seed/min), catalase (CAT) (22.54 to 39.67 µmol/min/g/seed) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (8.92 to 22.10 µmol/cm/min/g) and concomitant decrease in H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) content suggests their role in imparting oxidative tolerance at initial stages of growth in primed seed. The lab studies suggest that the improved yield might be attributes to increased seed germination and seedling vigor. It is recommended that the hydropriming (tap water) or KNO3 (2%) priming of seeds for 6 hours under ambient conditions is effective to enhance growth and yield of pearl millet under rainfed conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. K. Gupta
- Seed Technology Research, Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur
| | - Sunita Gupta
- Seed Technology Research, Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur
| | - Jogendra Singh
- Seed Technology Research, Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur
| | - Nitin K. Garg
- Seed Technology Research, Rajasthan Agriculture Research Institute, SKN Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur
| | - Debanjana Saha
- Department of Biotechnology, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Jatni, India
| | | | - Talha Javed
- College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Asma A. Al-Huqail
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritesh Kumar
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States of America
| | - Manzer H. Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Helaoui S, Hattab S, Mkhinini M, Boughattas I, Majdoub A, Banni M. The Effect of Nickel Exposure on Oxidative Stress of Vicia faba Plants. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 108:1074-1080. [PMID: 35524792 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-022-03535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal contamination is a serious threat for terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, they could be accumulated in living organisms leading consequently to harmful consequences. In this context, the present work aims to evaluate the effects of four increasing Nickel (Ni) nominal concentrations (T: 0 mg/kg, C1: 150 mg/kg, C2: 250 mg/kg, C3: 500 mg/kg) on agronomic and biochemical parameters in bean (Vicia faba) plants. The measured exposure concentrations were in the range of 96.69%-104.18% of the nominal concentrations. Bean's responses were evaluated at biometric levels, chlorophyll content and biochemical parameters namely catalase glutation-S-transferase activities and malondialdehyde content, in booth parts of plants. Our data revealed a marked negative effect of Ni exposure on bean plant development and chlorophyll content. Biochemical biomarkers reported that plants anti-oxidative defense system has been significantly affected specially in roots at the high Ni concentration. Briefly, resistance mechanisms of Vicia faba to Ni seem to imply an activation of the antioxidant system and a limitation of the reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondes Helaoui
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA, Chott-Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sabrine Hattab
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA, Chott-Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
- Regional Research Centre in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Marouane Mkhinini
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA, Chott-Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Iteb Boughattas
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA, Chott-Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia.
| | - Afifa Majdoub
- Regional Research Centre in Horticulture and Organic Agriculture, Chott-Mariem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Banni
- Laboratory of Agrobiodiversity and Ecotoxicology LR21AGR02, ISA, Chott-Meriem, 4042, Sousse, Tunisia
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Yaseen A, Hussain T, Hameed A, Shahzad M, Mazhar MU. Flavonoid enriched supplementation abrogates prenatal stress and enhances goat kids performance reared in a sub-tropical environment. Res Vet Sci 2022; 146:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Yuksel B, Aydın D, Aksoy O. The impact of Vermicompost on Pisum sativum spp. Arvence L exposed to methylisothiazolinone. Biologia (Bratisl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11756-021-01001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yuksel B, Deveci Ozkan A, Aydın D, Betts Z. Evaluation of the antioxidative and genotoxic effects of sodium butyrate on breast cancer cells. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1394-1401. [PMID: 35280546 PMCID: PMC8913555 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.12.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncogenic stimulation shows a rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ROS can eventually induce carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage. In this context, this study aims to evaluate some biochemical and genotoxic changes in the control of cell death caused by NaBu (Sodium butyrate). treatment in breast cancer cells. NaBu’s impact on cell proliferation was determined via WST-1 assay. The lipid peroxidation (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), Nitric Oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme levels were determined biochemically. NaBu-induced genotoxic damage was estimated via single-cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE). NaBu reduced cell viability and potentially induced GSH, but decreased SOD enzyme activity and the level of MDA and NO decreased also H2O2 decreased at different times and NaBu concentrations. Higher NaBu concentrations amplified DNA damage in MCF-7 cells compared to the control group. NaBu shows anticancer and genotoxic effects, especially through antioxidant enzymes, one of the oxidative stress parameters in breast cancer. However, the anticancer and genotoxic effects of NaBu is changed in the oxidative stress parameters with time and treatment concentration of NaBu in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, his oxidative stress-dependent effect changes need to be clarified by further evaluation with molecular and more biochemical parameters.
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Riyazuddin R, Nisha N, Ejaz B, Khan MIR, Kumar M, Ramteke PW, Gupta R. A Comprehensive Review on the Heavy Metal Toxicity and Sequestration in Plants. Biomolecules 2021; 12:biom12010043. [PMID: 35053191 PMCID: PMC8774178 DOI: 10.3390/biom12010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) toxicity has become a global concern in recent years and is imposing a severe threat to the environment and human health. In the case of plants, a higher concentration of HMs, above a threshold, adversely affects cellular metabolism because of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which target the key biological molecules. Moreover, some of the HMs such as mercury and arsenic, among others, can directly alter the protein/enzyme activities by targeting their –SH group to further impede the cellular metabolism. Particularly, inhibition of photosynthesis has been reported under HM toxicity because HMs trigger the degradation of chlorophyll molecules by enhancing the chlorophyllase activity and by replacing the central Mg ion in the porphyrin ring which affects overall plant growth and yield. Consequently, plants utilize various strategies to mitigate the negative impact of HM toxicity by limiting the uptake of these HMs and their sequestration into the vacuoles with the help of various molecules including proteins such as phytochelatins, metallothionein, compatible solutes, and secondary metabolites. In this comprehensive review, we provided insights towards a wider aspect of HM toxicity, ranging from their negative impact on plant growth to the mechanisms employed by the plants to alleviate the HM toxicity and presented the molecular mechanism of HMs toxicity and sequestration in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyazuddin Riyazuddin
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Kozep fasor 52, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Science and Informatics, Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nisha Nisha
- Department of Integrated Plant Protection, Faculty of Horticultural Science, Plant Protection Institute, Szent István University, 2100 Godollo, Hungary;
| | - Bushra Ejaz
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - M. Iqbal R. Khan
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India; (B.E.); (M.I.R.K.)
| | - Manu Kumar
- Department of Life Science, Dongguk University, Seoul 10326, Korea;
| | - Pramod W. Ramteke
- Department of Life Sciences, Mandsaur University, Mandsaur 458001, India;
| | - Ravi Gupta
- College of General Education, Kookmin University, Seoul 02707, Korea
- Correspondence: or
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Differential modulation of photosynthesis and defense strategies towards copper toxicity in primary and cotyledonary leaves of Ricinus communis L. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2021.100059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Jameel S, Hameed A, Shah TM. Investigation of Distinctive Morpho-Physio and Biochemical Alterations in Desi Chickpea at Seedling Stage Under Irrigation, Heat, and Combined Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:692745. [PMID: 34646281 PMCID: PMC8503603 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.692745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Global climatic instabilities have become the main reason for drastic yield losses in chickpea. This shift in climate could be a great threat in the future for food security in developing countries. Chickpea production is badly hampered by heat stress coupled with drought stress, and these factors can reduce yields by 40-45%. To mitigate yield losses due these abiotic factors, irrigation supplementation could be the best strategy. The present study aimed to (i) investigate the tolerance response of 9 desi chickpea genotypes against heat stress (H), irrigation (I), and a combination of both (I+H) through morphophysiological and biochemical indices at early growth stage, and (ii) assess yield performance across multiple locations of the country. Results revealed that under irrigation treatment, all genotypes perform well, but the genotypes D-09027 and D-09013 showed best performance because, as compared to control, they retained root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight, esterase activity, Malondialdehyde (MDA) content, total chlorophyll, and total carotenoids. Shoot length and total phenolic contents (TPC) increased in both genotypes. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) increased in D-09027 and retained in D-09013. Catalase activity increased in D-09013 and retained in D-09027. Protease activity, total water potential and osmotic potential decreased in both genotypes and depicted high yield potential with 27 and 30% increase in yield over Bhakhar-2011 (check), respectively. In case of heat stress, maximum tolerance was found in genotypes CH104/06 and D-09013 with no change in shoot and root length, seedling dry weight, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight, relative water content, turgor water potential, catalase (CAT) activity, esterase activity, increased root fresh weight, peroxidase activity (POD), ascorbate peroxidase activity (APX), and lycopene with low accumulation of protease and Malondialdehyde content (MDA). Both genotypes depicted high yield potential with 30 and 43% increase in yield over check across multiple locations of the country. Under the combined treatment, most genotypes showed good performance, while CH104/06 was selected as best performer genotype because significant of its increased root fresh weight, lycopene content, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids, total chlorophyll, retained shoot length, root length, seedling fresh and dry weight, total water potential, osmotic potential, relative water content, peroxidase activity (POD), catalase, esterase, and its ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity and total soluble proteins (TSP) showed highest yield potential with 43% increase over check. Identified best performing and tolerant genotypes can further be employed for breeding climate-smart chickpea genotypes for sustainable production under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Jan SU, Rehman M, Gul A, Fayyaz M, Rehman SU, Jamil M. Combined application of two Bacillus species enhance phytoremediation potential of Brassica napus in an industrial metal-contaminated soil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:652-665. [PMID: 34410841 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1962797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the impact of individual as well as combined application of Lysinibacillus macroides and Bacillus safensis in phytoremediation potential of Brassica napus grown in soil contaminated by industrial effluents. In response to five metals; copper, chromium, nickel, lead, and cadmium, results revealed that germination percentage, fresh and dry weights, and photosynthetic pigments of B. napus decreased under contaminated soil. On the other hand, electrolyte leakage due to cellular injury, metabolites (proline and glycine betaine), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase), accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and metals in plant's roots, shoots and leaves increased. Inoculation significantly reduced these effects as proved by the enhancement of germination percentage, fresh and dry biomass, and photosynthetic pigments. Simultaneously, the antioxidant enzymes, metabolites contents (proline and glycine betaine) and metal concentrations in plant's roots, shoots and leaves decreased. Combined application of both Bacilli strains was found more effective as compared to individual inoculation. It was concluded that metal resistant Bacillus species in combination had growth effects on B. napus and enhanced its phytoremediation efficiency in contaminated soil.Novelty statementBrassica napus; a hyper-accumulator of metals, loses phytoremediation potential with the passage of growth. Two Bacillus species (Lysinibacillus macroides and Bacillus safensis) having known bioremediation abilities were employed individually as well as in combination under metals contaminated soil to increase phytoremediation efficiency of B. napus. The metals containing soil used is a unique aspect in this study because selected soil, contaminated by industrial effluents, has not been evaluated or reported earlier. Combined application of Bacilli improved phytoremediation potential of B. napus more as compared to application of individual Bacillus strain which is yet another unique aspect of this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Ullah Jan
- School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Maha Rehman
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Alvina Gul
- Atta-Ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Fayyaz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, Pakistan
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Gao Y, Tang X, Yin M, Cao H, Jian H, Wang J, Jia W, Wang C, Sun H. Effects of iron plaque and fatty acids on the transfer of BDE-209 from soil to rice under iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation condition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145554. [PMID: 33770853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand the effect mechanisms of iron plaque and fatty acids on the migration of PBDEs from soil to rice (Oryza sativa), pot experiments were conducted in the soil spiked with decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) under the conditions of tourmaline and nano-goethite Fenton-like treatments. The results showed that iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation could effectively remove BDE-209 from rhizosphere soil, the highest removal rate obtained 89.29% with the addition of 0.4 mmol/L H2O2 and 8 g nano-goethite (G + 3H group). Iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation could produce iron plaque (IP) on rice roots and accumulate a part of contaminants on the surface of IP, further weakening BDE-209 uptake in the plants. Additionally, the occurrence of fatty acid variation induced by BDE-209 stress, iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation at high concentrations of H2O2 with 0.4 mmol/L affected the distribution of fatty acids in plant tissues, especially for C18:0 fatty acid. While the IP on rice roots prevented the BDE-209 into plant, it was also closely related to the distribution of fatty acids in rice, altering BDE-209 accumulation in the rice. To safely use the iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation in the agricultural soil remediation, the safety of plant cells treated by mineral Fenton-like oxidation was evaluated using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and enzyme activity determination, which indicated that iron mineral Fenton-like oxidation would destroy the inner structures of plant cells, especially for G + 3H group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuejiao Tang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengfei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Huimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongxian Jian
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Juyuan Wang
- Agricultural College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China
| | - Weili Jia
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cuiping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
| | - Hongwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Jameel S, Hameed A, Shah TM. Biochemical Profiling for Antioxidant and Therapeutic Potential of Pakistani Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) Genetic Resource. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:663623. [PMID: 33927742 PMCID: PMC8076736 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.663623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In Pakistan, chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.) are the largest grown legume crops, especially in desert areas. Along with an excellent source of nutrition, chickpea seeds have discernible medicinal and antioxidant characteristics. The diverse set of 90 chickpea genotypes (66 desi and 24 kabuli) were collected from different research zones in Pakistan, and seed flour was used for biochemical profiling. Genotypes were significantly different (Tukey HSD test, P < 0.05) for the traits under investigation. In non-enzymatic antioxidants, highest seed total phenolic contents (TPC) (34725 ± 275 μM/g s. wt.) was found in CM-98 (desi), ascorbic acid (AsA) (69.23 ± 2.25 μg/g s. wt.) in WH-3 (desi), and total flavonoid content (TFC) (394.98 ± 13.06 μg/mL sample) was detected in WH-11 (desi). In the class of enzymatic antioxidants, the highest seed ascorbate peroxidase (APX) (1680 ± 40 Units/g s. wt.) was detected in Tamman-2013 (kabuli), peroxidases (POD) (2564.10 ± 233.10 Units/g s. wt.) activity in CM1235/08 (desi), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) (279.76 ± 50 Units/g s. wt.) was detected in CH24/11 (desi). Highest seed catalase activity (CAT) (893 ± 50 Units/g s. wt.) and proline content (272.50 ± 20.82 μg/g s. wt.) was detected in an ICC-4951 (desi). In hydrolytic enzymes, the highest activity of esterase (37.05 μM/min/g s. wt) was found in, CH56/09(Kabuli), protease (11080 ± 10 Units/g s. wt.) in Karak-2 (desi), and α-amylase (213.02 ± 3.20 mg/g s. wt.) was observed in CH74/08 (kabuli). In other biochemical parameters, the highest seed total oxidant status (TOS) (356 ± 17.50 μM/g s. wt.) was detected in CM3457/91 (desi); malondialdehyde (MDA) content (295.74 ± 3.097 uM/g s. wt.) was observed in CM-2008 (kabuli), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (8.36 ± 0.082 μM/g s. wt.) was found in CM-72 (desi). In case of pigment analysis, Sheenghar-2000 (desi) depicted highest lycopene (12.579 ± 0.313 μg/g s. wt.) and total carotenoids (58.430.23 ± 0.569 μg/g s. wt.) contents. For seed therapeutic potential, the highest seed α-amylase inhibition (82.33 ± 8.06%) was observed in CM-88 (desi), while WH-1, WH-6, and ICCV-96030 (desi) depicted the highest value for seed anti-inflammatory potential (78.88 ± 0.55%). Genotypes with the highest antioxidant and therapeutic potential can be utilized as a natural antioxidant source and in breeding programs aimed at improving these traits in new breeding lines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Hussain I, Rehman K, Ashraf MA, Rasheed R, Gul J, Akash MSH, Bashir R. Effect of Pharmaceutical Effluents on Growth, Oxidative Defense, Secondary Metabolism, and Ion Homeostasis in Carrot. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821998506. [PMID: 33911988 PMCID: PMC8047843 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821998506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical wastes are environmental micro pollutant and potential risk for the ecosystem. Therefore, the present study was planned to find out the effects of different pharmaceutical effluent (PE) regimes on growth, secondary metabolism, and oxidative defense in 2 carrot lines. The seeds of 2 carrot lines (DC-3 and T-29) were spread in plastic pots containing sandy loam soil. The design of experiment was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. At vegetative stage, plants were irrigated with 5 different doses (control), 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of PE on every 3-day interval, while control plants were irrigated with canal water. The carrot roots were harvested after 25 days’ application of the treatments to determine various attributes. High concentration of PE caused a substantial decline in growth, beta carotenoids, anthocyanin, total soluble protein, free amino acids, total soluble sugar, phenolic and flavonoid contents and an increase in proline, levels of H2O2 and MDA, activities of antioxidant enzymes such as peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in both lines. Moreover, PE caused significant reduction in the levels of essential nutrients (K+, Ca2+) and increased in Na+ content. However, T-29 line was found to be more PE tolerant because it had less H2O2, MDA and ascorbic acid contents. Thus, our findings showed that diluted PE (25%) could not be used for irrigation to increase the growth of plants in nutrients deprived environments without using bio filtration and biocarbon sorption technologies for treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javeria Gul
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Rohina Bashir
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Thind S, Hussain I, Ali S, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA. Silicon Application Modulates Growth, Physio-Chemicals, and Antioxidants in Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) Exposed to Different Cadmium Regimes. Dose Response 2021; 19:15593258211014646. [PMID: 34158808 PMCID: PMC8182634 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211014646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) application enhanced the tolerance of plants against different environmental stresses. Therefore, objective of the study revealed that foliar applied Si alleviates the adverse effect of Cd by enhancing the growth, metabolite accumulation, strengthening the antioxidant defense system, reducing oxidative injury, improving plant nutrient status, and decreasing the Cd uptake in wheat. The surface sterilized seeds of Sahar-2006 (tolerant) and Inqalab-91 (sensitive) having the differential metal tolerance capacity were sown in plastic pots containing normal and Cd spiked sandy loamy soil. The design of experiments was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. Two weeks after germination, plants were sprayed with different concentrations of Si (1.5 and 3 mM) with 0.1% surfactant in the form of Tween-20. The plants were harvested after 2 weeks of Si application to determine various attributes. High concentration of Cd (25 mg kg-1) decreased growth-related-attributes, essential nutrient uptake and increase the levels of oxidative stress indicators. The application of Si increased the growth-related attributes, photosynthetic pigments, essential nutrient uptake and also enhanced the activities of various antioxidant compounds (superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD, ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) by decreasing the contents of oxidative stress indicators and Cd uptake in root and shoot of both wheat cultivars. Sahar-2006 cultivar showed more tolerance to Cd regimes than that of Inqalab-91 as clear from greater plant dry masses. Thus, our results showed that the applied Si level (3 mM) is an efficient strategy for field use in the areas, where slightly Cd polluted soils limit the agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Thind
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shafaqat Ali
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Haider FU, Liqun C, Coulter JA, Cheema SA, Wu J, Zhang R, Wenjun M, Farooq M. Cadmium toxicity in plants: Impacts and remediation strategies. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111887. [PMID: 33450535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 446] [Impact Index Per Article: 148.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining, metal manufacturing, and application of synthetic phosphate fertilizers enhance the concentration of Cd in the environment and are carcinogenic to human health. In this manuscript, we reviewed the sources of Cd contamination to the environment, soil factors affecting the Cd uptake, the dynamics of Cd in the soil rhizosphere, uptake mechanisms, translocation, and toxicity of Cd in plants. In crop plants, the toxicity of Cd reduces uptake and translocation of nutrients and water, increases oxidative damage, disrupts plant metabolism, and inhibits plant morphology and physiology. In addition, the defense mechanism in plants against Cd toxicity and potential remediation strategies, including the use of biochar, minerals nutrients, compost, organic manure, growth regulators, and hormones, and application of phytoremediation, bioremediation, and chemical methods are also highlighted in this review. This manuscript may help to determine the ecological importance of Cd stress in interdisciplinary studies and essential remediation strategies to overcome the contamination of Cd in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Cai Liqun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
| | - Jeffrey A Coulter
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Sardar Alam Cheema
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
| | - Jun Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Renzhi Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Ma Wenjun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan; Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman.
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Zahid Z, Khan MKR, Hameed A, Akhtar M, Ditta A, Hassan HM, Farid G. Dissection of Drought Tolerance in Upland Cotton Through Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Traits at Seedling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:627107. [PMID: 33777067 PMCID: PMC7994611 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.627107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is an important fiber and cash crop. Extreme water scarceness affects the growth, quality, and productivity of cotton. Water shortage has threatened the future scenario for cotton growers, so it is imperative to devise a solution to this problem. In this research, we have tried to machinate a solution for it. 23 genotypes have been screened out against drought tolerance at the seedling stage by evaluating the morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits in a triplicate completely randomized design plot experiment with two water regimes [50 and 100% field capacity]. Genotypic differences for all the morphological and physiological traits revealed highly significant differences except transpiration rate (TR). Moreover, the interaction between genotype and water regime (G × W) was highly significant for root length (RL, 5.163), shoot length (SL, 11.751), excised leaf water loss (ELWL, 0.041), and stomatal conductance (SC, 7.406). A positively strong correlation was found in TR with relative water content (RWC; 0.510) and SC (0.584) and RWC with photosynthesis (0.452) under drought conditions. A negative correlation was found in SC with SL (-0.428) and photosynthesis (-0.446). Traits like RL, SL, SC, photosynthesis, proline, catalase, and malondialdehyde were visible indicators, which can differentiate drought-tolerant genotypes from the susceptible ones. A wide range of diversity was found in all the morpho-physiological traits with the cumulative variance of four principal components (PCs) 83.09% and three PCs 73.41% under normal and water-stressed conditions, respectively, as per the principal component analysis. Hence, selection criteria can be established on the aforementioned traits for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. Moreover, it was found that out of 23 experimental varieties, NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and CIM-554 could be used to devise breeding strategies for improving drought tolerance in cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Zahid
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Hameed
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akhtar
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Allah Ditta
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Mumtaz Hassan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- NIAB-C, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Science Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Farid
- Soil and Environmental Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Li G, Shah AA, Khan WU, Yasin NA, Ahmad A, Abbas M, Ali A, Safdar N. Hydrogen sulfide mitigates cadmium induced toxicity in Brassica rapa by modulating physiochemical attributes, osmolyte metabolism and antioxidative machinery. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127999. [PMID: 33297036 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is helpful for maintaining plant growth under abiotic stresses. The current study elucidated the physiological and biochemical strategies by which sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), a donor of H2S, alleviated cadmium (Cd) toxicity in Brassica rapa. B. rapa plants growing under 50 mgkg-1 Cd stress showed reduced leaf relative water contents (LRWC), photosynthetic pigments, total soluble proteins, minerals uptake, antioxidants and growth. Furthermore, enhanced accumulation of Cd contents caused augmentation in levels of electrolyte leakage (EL) and methylglyoxal (MG). Nevertheless, improved physiochemical parameters in B. rapa seedlings obtained from seeds primed with 1.5 mM NaHS resulted better phenotype, growth and biomass production in Cd stressed plants. Protective stimulus of H2S regulated minerals and Cd homeostasis besides increased activity of antioxidants which decreased level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), EL, malondialdehyde (MDA) and MG in Cd regimes. Furthermore, H2S treated seedlings exhibited reduction in Cd content and revealed an active participation in the indole acetic acid (IAA) mediated pathway during stress. The findings of current study propose that H2S improved stress tolerance and mitigated Cd stress in B. rapa by modulating growth biomarkers and antioxidative system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- Senior Superintendent Garden, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Muhammad Abbas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Safdar
- National Agriculture Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Munawar W, Hameed A, Khan MKR. Differential Morphophysiological and Biochemical Responses of Cotton Genotypes Under Various Salinity Stress Levels During Early Growth Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:622309. [PMID: 33777064 PMCID: PMC7990906 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.622309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Cotton is a primary agriculture product important for fiber use in textiles and the second major oil seed crop. Cotton is considered as moderately tolerant to salt stress with salinity threshold of 7.7 dS/m at seedling stage. Salinity causes reduction in the growth of seedlings and cotton production that limits fiber quality and cotton yield. In this study, initially, 22 cotton genotypes were screened for relative salt tolerance using germination test in Petri plates (growth chamber). Selected 11 genotypes were further tested in pot experiment (sand) with 0, 15, and 20 dS/m NaCl treatments under glass house conditions. At four-leaves stage, different morphological and physiological traits were measured for all genotypes while biochemical analysis was performed on selected seven highly tolerant and sensitive genotypes. NaCl treatment significantly reduced plant biomass in two genotypes IR-NIBGE-13 and BS-2018, while NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and GH-HADI had least difference in fresh weight between the control and NaCl-treated plants. Photosynthetic rate was maintained in all the genotypes with the exception of SITARA-16. In two sensitive genotypes (IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16), Na+ ion accumulated more in leaves as compared to K+ ion under stress conditions, and an increase in Na+/K+ ratio was also observed. The lesser accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher activity of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in stressed plants of NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 indicated that these genotypes had adaption capacity for salinity stress in comparison with sensitive genotypes, i.e., IR-NIBGE-13 and 6071/16. The observed salt tolerance was corelated with plant biomass maintenance (morphological), photosynthetic rate, and ionic homeostasis (K+/Na+ ratio, physiological) and biochemical stress marker regulations. After a series of experiments, it was concluded that NIAB-135, NIAB-512, and FH-152 could be utilized in breeding programs aimed at improving salinity tolerance in cotton and can expand cotton cultivation in saline area.
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He M, Tian Z, Liu Q, Guo Y. Trichoderma asperellum promotes cadmium accumulation within maize seedlings. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2021.1997155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mengting He
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Zengyuan Tian
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Qianqian Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
| | - Yuqi Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, PR China
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Adamakis IDS, Sperdouli I, Hanć A, Dobrikova A, Apostolova E, Moustakas M. Rapid Hormetic Responses of Photosystem II Photochemistry of Clary Sage to Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:E41. [PMID: 33375193 PMCID: PMC7793146 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Five-day exposure of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) to 100 μM cadmium (Cd) in hydroponics was sufficient to increase Cd concentrations significantly in roots and aboveground parts and affect negatively whole plant levels of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), since Cd competes for Ca channels, while reduced Mg concentrations are associated with increased Cd tolerance. Total zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) uptake increased but their translocation to the aboveground parts decreased. Despite the substantial levels of Cd in leaves, without any observed defects on chloroplast ultrastructure, an enhanced photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was observed, with a higher fraction of absorbed light energy to be directed to photochemistry (ΦPSΙΙ). The concomitant increase in the photoprotective mechanism of non-photochemical quenching of photosynthesis (NPQ) resulted in an important decrease in the dissipated non-regulated energy (ΦNO), modifying the homeostasis of reactive oxygen species (ROS), through a decreased singlet oxygen (1O2) formation. A basal ROS level was detected in control plant leaves for optimal growth, while a low increased level of ROS under 5 days Cd exposure seemed to be beneficial for triggering defense responses, and a high level of ROS out of the boundaries (8 days Cd exposure), was harmful to plants. Thus, when clary sage was exposed to Cd for a short period, tolerance mechanisms were triggered. However, exposure to a combination of Cd and high light or to Cd alone (8 days) resulted in an inhibition of PSII functionality, indicating Cd toxicity. Thus, the rapid activation of PSII functionality at short time exposure and the inhibition at longer duration suggests a hormetic response and describes these effects in terms of "adaptive response" and "toxicity", respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilektra Sperdouli
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter, Thermi, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Anetta Hanć
- Department of Trace Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Anelia Dobrikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Emilia Apostolova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (A.D.); (E.A.)
| | - Michael Moustakas
- Department of Botany, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Luo Z, Wang Z, Liu A, Yan Y, Wu Y, Zhang X. New insights into toxic effects of arsenate on four Microcystis species under different phosphorus regimes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:44460-44469. [PMID: 32770468 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10396-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Very little information is available on the stressed growth of Microcystis imposed by arsenate (As(V)) under different phosphorus (P) regimes. In this study, we examined the growth characteristics and arsenic transformation of four Microcystis species exposed under As(V) with two P sources involving dissolved inorganic phosphorus (IP) and organophosphate (D-glucose-6-phosphate disodium salt, GP). Results showed that all the four chosen Microcystis species could grow and reproduce with GP as the only P source, and the difference was insignificant when compared with IP. From optical density (OD), chlorophyll a (Chla), and actual quantum yield (Yield), the tolerance to As(V) of the chosen species was following as FACHB 905 > FACHB 1028 > FACHB 1334 > FACHB 912. Specifically, the 96 h EC50 of As(V) for FACHB 905 in IP was approx. 4 orders of magnitude higher than that in GP, but for other three algal species, the 96 h EC50 values were similar under the two given different P conditions. Furthermore, all antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxide dismutase (POD), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and metalloproteinase (MTs) in algal cells were significantly increased in GP conditions. Moreover, the enzyme activities of AKP, GSTs, and MTs were inhibited with increasing As(V) levels under both IP and GP conditions. In addition, arsenite (As(III)) and methylated As of monomethylarsonic acid (MMA) and dimethylthioarsinic acid (DMA) were found in FACHB 912 and FACHB 1334 media, indicating that these Microcystis could detoxify As(V) by As biotransformation under IP and GP conditions. Specifically, As(V) reduction was elevated in media of FACHB 1334 and FACHB 905, but was decreased in media of FACHB 912 under GP conditions. Our results highlight the different P sources that impact the toxic effects of arsenate exposure on Microcystis and subsequent As biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuanxi Luo
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
- Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics, MNR & Guangxi, Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS, Guilin, 541004, China.
| | - Zhenhong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Aifen Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environment and Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Modern Analytical Science and Separation Technology, Minnan Normal University, Zhangzhou, 363000, China
| | - Yu Yan
- College of Chemical Engineering and Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochemical Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yaqing Wu
- Instrumental Analysis Center of Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Xiaoyong Zhang
- Center of Environmental Emergency Response and Accident Investigation of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 210036, China
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Ge J, Wang H, Lin J, Tian S, Zhao J, Lin X, Lu L. Nickel tolerance, translocation and accumulation in a Cd/Zn co-hyperaccumulator plant Sedum alfredii. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:123074. [PMID: 32768837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multi-elements hyperaccumulators are of high scientific interest to be applied in remediation of mix-contaminated soils. Sedum alfredii is a well-known Cd/Zn co-hyperaccumulator with high Pb and Cu tolerance. This study investigated the ability of the hyperaccumulating ecotype (HE) S. alfredii to tolerate and accumulate Ni. Differed from the non-hyperaccumulating ecotype (NHE), HE plants grew healthy after 50 μM Ni exposure for 4 weeks. The HE plants translocated up to 40 % Ni to the shoots under high Ni stress and accumulated >3000 and 200 mg kg-1 Ni in roots and shoots, respectively. Micro-XRF image showed that Ni was highly restricted within the HE stem and leaf vascular bundles, especially the xylem tissues. The HE roots were of high Ni tolerance, showing much less pronounced Ni-induced phytotoxicity as compared with the NHEs. Ni-induced O2- was observed in the apoplastic part of HE root cells, but both Ni and the induced O2- were highly accumulated in the sensitive zone (root cap, meristem, and cylinder) of NHE roots. These results suggest that although low Ni mobility out of vascular tissues limits the metal accumulation in stems and leaves, HE S. alfredii is highly tolerant towards Ni stress by metal homeostasis in root cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ge
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Haixin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jiayu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xianyong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health (Zhejiang University, College of Environmental & Resource Science), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Hussain I, Rasheed R, Ashraf MA, Mohsin M, Shah SMA, Rashid DA, Akram M, Nisar J, Riaz M. Foliar Applied Acetylsalicylic Acid Induced Growth and Key-Biochemical Changes in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Under Drought Stress. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820956801. [PMID: 33117090 PMCID: PMC7573746 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820956801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The exogenous application of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is stated to increase tolerance of plants against different environmental stresses. Therefore, the present study was planned to get insight into ASA-mediated regulation of growth, secondary metabolism, and oxidative defense in 2 chickpea varieties. Ten seeds of 2 chickpea varieties (DG-89 and Bittle-98) were sown in plastic pots containing sandy loam soil with 3 drought stress levels, i.e. wet conditions or flooded water (100% FC) as recommended control, 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC for chickpea. The moisture contents were maintained and regularly monitored through the addition of normal irrigation water. The design of experimental was completely randomized with 3 replicates per treatment. Penultimate leaves were harvested with knife after 20 days of foliar spray to observe the effect of exogenously applied ASA (100 mg/L) on growth, and key-biochemical attributes of chickpea plants (DG-89 and Bittle-98) under drought stress regimes. Drought stress regimes caused a substantial decline in shoot (37% and 35%) and root length (67% and 78%), shoot (80% and 76%) and root (62% and 68%) fresh masses, shoot (71% and 63%) and root (77% and 74%) dry masses, leaf area per plant (77% and 80%), chlorophyll a (7% and 45%), chlorophyll b (57% and 42%), total chlorophyll (30% and 39%), total carotenoids (76% and 54%), total anthocyanins (38%), reducing sugar (10% and 57%), total soluble proteins (77% and 44%), total flavonoids (61% and 59%) and total phenolics (58% and 31%) contents in both DG-89 and Bittle-98, respectively. A significant increase in MDA (25%), H2O2 contents (100% and 62%), proline (145% and 131%), and ascorbic acid (133% and 203%) contents was documented in stressed plants of both varieties, respectively. Additionally, drought stress significantly improved the activities of POD (154% and 76%), CAT (87% and 45%) and SOD (248% and 143%) in both varieties. Exogenous application of ASA reduced drought-mediated oxidative stress by reducing MDA (53% and 14%), and H2O2 (84% and 56%) contents, proline contents (50% and 17%) and enhanced the shoot (6% and 25%) and root (43% and 33%) dry masses, leaf area (9% and 10%), chlorophyll a (7% and 32%), b (82% and 81%), and carotenoids (53% and 33%) in both barley cultivars. When plants of chickpea was treated with ASA had greater total anthocyanins (26% and 35%), free amino acids (48% and 28%), ascorbic acid contents (135% and 179%), total soluble proteins (34% and 23%), total flavonoids (58% and 35%) and phenolic (50% and 69%)contents besides the POD (41% and 64%), CAT (23% and 56%) and SOD (73% and 72%) enzymes activities. Plants of DG-89 showed more tolerance to drought stress than that of Bittle-98 as a manifest from higher plant biomasses. Thus, our results showed that foliar-applied ASA is an effective strategy that can be used to improve the tolerance of chickpea plants to drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Hussain
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Rasheed
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arslan Ashraf
- Department of Botany, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohsin
- Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dr Abid Rashid
- Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Government College University Faisalabad Ringgold Standard Institution, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- University of Sargodha Ringgold Standard Institution, Sargodha, Pakistan
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50
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Chiao WT, Chen BC, Syu CH, Juang KW. Aspects of cultivar variation in physiological traits related to Cd distribution in rice plants with a short-term stress. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2020; 61:27. [PMID: 33044614 PMCID: PMC7550440 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-020-00304-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genotypic variations are seen in cadmium (Cd) tolerance and accumulation in rice plants. Cultivars that show low Cd translocation from the root into shoot can be selected to reduce Cd contamination in rice grains. This study aims to clarify the physiological regulation related to Cd absorption by rice plants for screening out the cultivars, which have relatively low Cd accumulation in grains. Eight Taiwan mega cultivars of paddy rice: japonica (TY3, TK9, TNG71, and KH145 cultivars), indica (TCS10 and TCS17 cultivars), and glutinous (TKW1 and TKW3 cultivars), which are qualified with the criteria for rice grain quality by the Council of Agriculture, Taiwan, were used for illustration. An experiment in hydroponics was conducted for the rice seedlings with a treatment of 50 μM CdCl2 for 7 days. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION After the Cd treatment, the reductions in shoot growth were more significant than those in root growth; however, Cd absorbed in the rice plant was sequestered much more in the root. The malondialdehyde (MDA) was preferentially accumulated in rice root but the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased more significantly in the shoot; the antioxidative enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were pronounced more in rice shoot. CONCLUSIONS The rice cultivars preferentially accumulated Cd in the root rather than the shoot with the Cd treatment, which resulted in significant enhancements of MDA and growth reductions in the root. However, H2O2 accumulation was toward the shoot to retard shoot growth suddenly and then the root could keep a gradual growth. Also, the rice cultivars, which preferentially accumulate Cd in the root, would have the regulation tendency of SOD toward the shoot. Due to that SOD is responsible for H2O2 production, H2O2 accumulation would be thus toward the shoot. Moreover, the cultivars, which have a less regulation tendency of APX toward the shoot, would present higher translocation of Cd into the shoot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Ting Chiao
- Athena Institute of Holistic Wellness, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, Fujian, China
| | - Bo-Ching Chen
- Department of Natural Biotechnology, Nanhua University, Chiayi County, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Hui Syu
- Agricultural Chemistry Division, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng Dist., Taichung City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Wei Juang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City, Taiwan, ROC.
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