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Colunga-Salas P, Marines-Macías T, Hernández-Canchola G, Barbosa S, Ramírez C, Searle JB, León-Paniagua L. Population genomics reveals differences in genetic structure between two endemic arboreal rodent species in threatened cloud forest habitat. MAMMAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13364-022-00667-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Genomic tools are now commonly used to assess the genetic diversity and genetic structure of species and populations, and they provide the ability to describe and address the negative effects of population declines and fragmentation. However, such studies are lacking for arboreal mammals despite their contribution to various ecosystem services, especially in uncommon and critically endangered ecosystems such as cloud forests. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare the genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic arboreal mice from Mexican cloud forests that are associated with areas with different levels of impacts from human activities. We performed genotyping-by-sequencing in 47 Habromys schmidlyi and 17 Reithrodontomys wagneri individuals to evaluate genetic diversity and differentiation. In both species, the genetic diversity was low compared to other cricetid species, and we observed different population structure patterns, potentially linked to the different ecological associations. We detected two genetic groups in H. schmidlyi, that is a territorial species present in areas of low incline, while a single genetic group was found in R. wagneri, which forms family groups in areas with steep slopes. Overall, these results highlight how species’ genetic diversity can be differentially impacted depending on differential ecological associations within the same ecosystem. This information is essential for the development of the adequate conservation and management of these species.
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Stefanini C, Csilléry K, Ulaszewski B, Burczyk J, Schaepman ME, Schuman MC. A novel synthesis of two decades of microsatellite studies on European beech reveals decreasing genetic diversity from glacial refugia. TREE GENETICS & GENOMES 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 36532711 PMCID: PMC9744708 DOI: 10.1007/s11295-022-01577-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Genetic diversity influences the evolutionary potential of forest trees under changing environmental conditions, thus indirectly the ecosystem services that forests provide. European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) is a dominant European forest tree species that increasingly suffers from climate change-related die-back. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review of neutral genetic diversity in European beech and created a meta-data set of expected heterozygosity (He) from all past studies providing nuclear microsatellite data. We propose a novel approach, based on population genetic theory and a min-max scaling to make past studies comparable. Using a new microsatellite data set with unprecedented geographic coverage and various re-sampling schemes to mimic common sampling biases, we show the potential and limitations of the scaling approach. The scaled meta-dataset reveals the expected trend of decreasing genetic diversity from glacial refugia across the species range and also supports the hypothesis that different lineages met and admixed north of the European mountain ranges. As a result, we present a map of genetic diversity across the range of European beech which could help to identify seed source populations harboring greater diversity and guide sampling strategies for future genome-wide and functional investigations of genetic variation. Our approach illustrates how to combine information from several nuclear microsatellite data sets to describe patterns of genetic diversity extending beyond the geographic scale or mean number of loci used in each individual study, and thus is a proof-of-concept for synthesizing knowledge from existing studies also in other species. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11295-022-01577-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Stefanini
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Katalin Csilléry
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Unit, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Dietikon, Switzerland
| | - Bartosz Ulaszewski
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Jarosław Burczyk
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Michael E Schaepman
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meredith C Schuman
- Remote Sensing Laboratories, Department of Geography, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Zettlemoyer MA, Peterson ML. Does Phenological Plasticity Help or Hinder Range Shifts Under Climate Change? Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.689192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Climate warming is predicted to shift species’ ranges as previously uninhabitable environments just beyond the leading range edges become suitable habitat and trailing range edges become increasingly unsuitable. Understanding which aspects of the environment and species traits mediate these range shifts is critical for understanding species’ possible redistributions under global change, yet we have a limited understanding of the ecological and evolutionary responses underlying population spread or extinction at species’ range edges. Within plant populations, shifts in flowering phenology have been one of the strongest and most consistent responses to climate change, and are likely to play an important role in mediating population dynamics within and beyond species’ ranges. However, the role of phenological shifts, and particularly phenological plasticity, in species’ range shifts remains relatively unstudied. Here, we synthesize literature on phenology, plasticity, and adaptation to suggest ways in which phenological responses to climate may vary across species’ ranges and review the empirical evidence for and against these hypotheses. We then outline how phenological plasticity could facilitate or hinder persistence and potential consequences of phenological plasticity in range expansions, including phenological cues, shifts in correlated traits, altered species interactions, and effects on gene flow. Finally, we suggest future avenues for research, such as characterizing reaction norms for phenology across a species’ range and in beyond-the-range transplant experiments. Given the prevalence and magnitude of phenological shifts, future work should carefully dissect its costs and benefits for population persistence, and incorporate phenological plasticity into models predicting species’ persistence and geographic range shifts under climate change.
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Elias JPC, Vergne DC, Zanatta MP, Campos CCF, Ramos FN. Edge creation changes the timing and intensity of phenological reproductive patterns and species activities in forest tree communities. RODRIGUÉSIA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-7860202172038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Environmental characteristics are among the most important triggers and regulators of plant phenophases, so that the abiotic and biotic changes driven by habitat loss and fragmentation can result in alterations of plant phenological patterns. We investigated whether forest edge and interior have differences in phenological pattern of tree communities. We followed the reproductive phenologies of tree communities in seven forest fragments on a monthly basis for two years (in 200 m² edge and interior plots per fragment). We sampled a total of 0.28 ha of anthropic forest fragments, comprising 313 trees (180 in edge, 133 in interior) belonging to 103 species and 34 families. Our results evidenced reproductive phenological changes between edge and interior tree communities, with: (i) phenological activities differing temporally between the two habitats (edge and forest interior) in all tree communities; (ii) greater phenological intensity at the forest edge than in the forest interior among tree species common to both habitats; (iii) more tree species showed phenological activity at the forest edge in 2010 and interior in 2011, when considering only those exclusive to each habitat. Habitat fragmentation can therefore alter microenvironmental characteristics and influence biologic processes, including the reproductive phenologies of trees, through edge formation.
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Transcribing molecular and climatic data into conservation management for the Himalayan endangered species, Taxus contorta (Griff.). CONSERV GENET 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-020-01319-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shuyskaya EV, Nukhimovskaya YD, Lebedeva MP, Churilina AE, Kolesnikov AV. Effect of Soil Conditions on the Level of Genetic Diversity in the Xerohalophyte Kochiaprostrata (L.) Schrad. (Chenopodiaceae). RUSS J ECOL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1067413620020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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de Dato GD, Teani A, Mattioni C, Aravanopoulos F, Avramidou EV, Stojnic S, Ganopoulos I, Belletti P, Ducci F. Genetic Analysis by nuSSR Markers of Silver Birch ( Betula pendula Roth) Populations in Their Southern European Distribution Range. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:310. [PMID: 32265963 PMCID: PMC7108150 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In the main distribution area the genetic pattern of silver birch is dominated by two haplotypes: haplotype A located in the western and north-western Europe, and haplotype C in eastern and southeastern Europe, characterized by high levels of neutral genetic variability within populations, and low differentiation among populations. Information about the amount and structure of genetic variation in the southern marginal areas, representing rear populations left during the expansion of this species from southern glacial refugia, are lacking. The general aim of the study was to investigate the existence of the climatic characteristics typical of the environmental niche of the species, jointly to genetic organization, variation and gene flow, in marginal populations on the Italian Apennines and Greek Southern Rhodope and compare them with populations of the southern part of the main distribution range on the Alps and Balkans. Genetic analysis was performed using nuclear microsatellites loci on 311 trees sampled from 14 populations. Environmental analysis was performed on the multivariate analysis of derived climatic variables. The allelic pattern was analyzed to assess genetic diversity, population diversity and differentiation, population structure and gene flow. The geographic and environmental peripherality did not always match, with some Apennine sites at higher elevation enveloped in the environmental niche. In the peripheral populations on the Apennines, we observed a lower genetic diversity and higher differentiation, with evident genetic barriers detected around these sites. These characteristics were not shown in the marginal Greek populations. Unexpectedly, the southern Italian marginal populations showed genetic links with the Greek and central area of the distribution range. The Greek populations also showed evident gene flow with the Alpine and Balkan areas. The disparity of results in these two marginal areas show that it is not the geographic peripherality or even the ecological marginality that may shape the genetic diversity and structure of marginal populations, but primarily their position as part of the continuous range or as disjunct populations. This outcome suggests different considerations on how to manage their gene pools and the role that these rear populations can play in maintaining the biodiversity of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanbattista D. de Dato
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Angela Teani
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Arezzo, Italy
| | - Claudia Mattioni
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy
| | - Filippos Aravanopoulos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Evangelia V. Avramidou
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Srdjan Stojnic
- Institute of Lowland Forestry and Environment, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Ioannis Ganopoulos
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Piero Belletti
- DI.S.A.F.A., Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Turin, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ducci
- Research Centre for Forestry and Wood, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Arezzo, Italy
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Deng JY, van Noort S, Compton SG, Chen Y, Greeff JM. The genetic consequences of habitat specificity for fig trees in southern African fragmented forests. ACTA OECOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2019.103506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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Fedriani JM, Garrote PJ, Calvo G, Delibes M, Castilla AR, Żywiec M. Combined effects of seed provenance, plant facilitation and restoration site on revegetation success. J Appl Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Fedriani
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves”/InBioInstitute Superior of AgronomyUniversity of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD ‐ C.S.I.C.) Seville Spain
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación CIDECSIC‐UVEG‐GVCarretera de Moncada a Náquera Moncada (Valencia) Spain
| | - Pedro J. Garrote
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves”/InBioInstitute Superior of AgronomyUniversity of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
| | - Gemma Calvo
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD ‐ C.S.I.C.) Seville Spain
| | - Miguel Delibes
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD ‐ C.S.I.C.) Seville Spain
| | - Antonio R. Castilla
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves”/InBioInstitute Superior of AgronomyUniversity of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD ‐ C.S.I.C.) Seville Spain
| | - Magdalena Żywiec
- Centre for Applied Ecology “Prof. Baeta Neves”/InBioInstitute Superior of AgronomyUniversity of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal
- W. Szafer Institute of BotanyPolish Academy of Sciences Krakow Poland
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10
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Genetic Diversity Analysis Reveals Genetic Differentiation and Strong Population Structure in Calotropis Plants. Sci Rep 2018; 8:7832. [PMID: 29777161 PMCID: PMC5959898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26275-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Calotropis (Asclepiadaceae) is comprised of two species, C. gigantea and C. procera, which both show significant economic potential for use of their seed fibers in the textile industry, and of their bioactive compounds as new medicinal resources. The available wild-sourced germplasm contains limited genetic information that restricts further germplasm exploration for the purposes of domestication. We here developed twenty novel EST-SSR markers and applied them to assess genetic diversity, population structure and differentiation within Calotropis. The polymorphic information index of these markers ranged from 0.102 to 0.800; indicating that they are highly informative. Moderate genetic diversity was revealed in both species, with no difference between species in the amount of genetic diversity. Population structure analysis suggested five main genetic groups (K = 5) and relatively high genetic differentiation (FST = 0.528) between the two species. Mantel test analysis showed strong correlation between geographical and genetic distance in C. procera (r = 0.875, p = 0.020) while C. gigantea showed no such correlation (r = 0.390, p = 0.210). This study provides novel insights into the genetic diversity and population structure of Calotropis, which will promote further resource utilization and the development of genetic improvement strategies for Calotropis.
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11
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Dembicz I, Szczeparska L, Moysiyenko II, Wódkiewicz M. High genetic diversity in fragmented Iris pumila L. populations in Ukrainian steppe enclaves. Basic Appl Ecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Mosca E, Di Pierro EA, Budde KB, Neale DB, González-Martínez SC. Environmental effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure in four Alpine keystone forest tree species. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:647-658. [PMID: 29274175 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Genetic responses to environmental changes take place at different spatial scales. While the effect of environment on the distribution of species' genetic diversity at large geographical scales has been the focus of several recent studies, its potential effects on genetic structure at local scales are understudied. Environmental effects on fine-scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS) were investigated in four Alpine conifer species (five to eight populations per species) from the eastern Italian Alps. Significant FSGS was found for 11 of 25 populations. Interestingly, we found no significant differences in FSGS across species but great variation among populations within species, highlighting the importance of local environmental factors. Interannual variability in spring temperature had a small but significant effect on FSGS of Larix decidua, probably related to species-specific life history traits. For Abies alba, Picea abies and Pinus cembra, linear models identified spring precipitation as a potentially relevant climate factor associated with differences in FSGS across populations; however, models had low explanatory power and were strongly influenced by a P. cembra outlier population from a very dry site. Overall, the direction of the identified effects is according to expectations, with drier and more variable environments increasing FSGS. Underlying mechanisms may include climate-related changes in the variance of reproductive success and/or environmental selection of specific families. This study provides new insights on potential changes in local genetic structure of four Alpine conifers in the face of environmental changes, suggesting that new climates, through altering FSGS, may also have relevant impacts on plant microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mosca
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), S. Michele all'Adige, Italy.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy
| | - Erica A Di Pierro
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach (FEM), S. Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | | | - David B Neale
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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Shuyskaya E, Toderich K, Gismatullina L, Rajabov T, Khohlov S. Genetic diversity of two annual Salsola species (Chenopodiaceae) among habitat types in desert plant communities. Biologia (Bratisl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2017-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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14
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Aranda I, Bahamonde HA, Sánchez-Gómez D. Intra-population variability in the drought response of a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) population in the southwest of Europe. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 37:938-949. [PMID: 28595309 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpx058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenotypic variability within forest species populations is considered of special relevance for local adaptation under new environments, albeit it has been analyzed to a lesser extent than inter-population phenotypic variability. A common garden study was carried out to assess phenotypic variability in response to water stress in half-sibling families from a marginal population of Fagus sylvatica L. at its south-western range edge distribution in Europe. Two irrigation regimes were applied, well-watered (WW) seedlings and those submitted to weekly cycles of drying-rewatering of growth media. Seedling growth and their leaf functional traits were recorded during the last cycle of water stress. Most of the phenotypic changes were explained by phenotypic plasticity in response to water stress, but there was also a significant effect of family in the expression of some of the studied traits. The relationship of carbon isotope fractioning with gas exchange traits across families under WW conditions did not follow the same pattern as the phenotypic trends. The leaf net photosynthesis across families was modified by the nitrogen content on a leaf mass basis that was in turn correlated positively with leaf nitrogen isotope fractionation. The results point to an important role of leaf nitrogen in determining the intrinsic water-use efficiency (WUE) across families. Variation in WUE was ruled mainly by control of stomatal conductance to water vapor under water stress, but by leaf net photosynthesis under wet conditions. Relatively high inter-family phenotypic variability in growth and functional traits were observed. Within-population phenotypic variability, and the plasticity of some of the studied traits, is of fundamental importance to cope with the harsher environments beech will have to endure in the future at different points in its distribution range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Aranda
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias (INIA), Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Hector A Bahamonde
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia Austral (UNPA) Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz, Argentina
| | - David Sánchez-Gómez
- Department of Forest Ecology and Genetics, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agrarias y Tecnologías Agroalimentarias (INIA), Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Agroalimentario y Forestal de Castilla La Mancha (IRIAF), Centro de Investigación Agroforestal de Albaladejito (CIAF), Carretera Toledo-Cuenca, km 174, 16194 Cuenca, Spain
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Hill R, Loxterman JL, Aho K. Insular biogeography and population genetics of dwarf mistletoe ( Arceuthobium americanum) in the Central Rocky Mountains. Ecosphere 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Hill
- Department of Biological Sciences; Idaho State University; 921 South 8th Avenue Pocatello Idaho 83209 USA
| | - Janet L. Loxterman
- Department of Biological Sciences; Idaho State University; 921 South 8th Avenue Pocatello Idaho 83209 USA
| | - Ken Aho
- Department of Biological Sciences; Idaho State University; 921 South 8th Avenue Pocatello Idaho 83209 USA
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McDougall CA, Welsh AB, Gosselin T, Anderson WG, Nelson PA. Rethinking the influence of hydroelectric development on gene flow in a long-lived fish, the Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174269. [PMID: 28329005 PMCID: PMC5362236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Many hydroelectric dams have been in place for 50 - >100 years, which for most fish species means that enough generations have passed for fragmentation induced divergence to have accumulated. However, for long-lived species such as Lake Sturgeon, Acipenser fulvescens, it should be possible to discriminate between historical population structuring and contemporary gene flow and improve the broader understanding of anthropogenic influence. On the Winnipeg River, Manitoba, two hypotheses were tested: 1) Measureable quantities of former reservoir dwelling Lake Sturgeon now reside downstream of the Slave Falls Generating Station, and 2) genetically differentiated populations of Lake Sturgeon occur upstream and downstream, a result of historical structuring. Genetic methods based on ten microsatellite markers were employed, and simulations were conducted to provide context. With regards to contemporary upstream to downstream contributions, the inclusion of length-at-age data proved informative. Both pairwise relatedness and Bayesian clustering analysis substantiated that fast-growing outliers, apparently entrained after residing in the upstream reservoir for several years, accounted for ~15% of the Lake Sturgeon 525–750 mm fork length captured downstream. With regards to historical structuring, upstream and downstream populations were found to be differentiated (FST = 0.011, and 0.013–0.014 when fast-growing outliers were excluded), and heterozygosity metrics were higher for downstream versus upstream juveniles. Historical asymmetric (downstream) gene flow in the vicinity of the generating station was the most logical explanation for the observed genetic structuring. In this section of the Winnipeg River, construction of a major dam does not appear to have fragmented a previously panmictic Lake Sturgeon population, but alterations to habitat may be influencing upstream to downstream contributions in unexpected ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A. McDougall
- North/South Consultants Inc., Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Amy B. Welsh
- Division of Forestry and Natural Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, United States of America
| | | | - W. Gary Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Zhao L, Chenoweth EL, Liu Q. Population structure and genetic diversity of Sinibrama macrops from Ou River and Ling River based on mtDNA D-loop region analysis, China. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2017; 29:303-311. [PMID: 28129728 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2016.1278533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In order to understand the influence of human activities such as habitat fragmentation on freshwater fish population evolution, we investigated and compared the genetic diversity and phylogeography of Sinibrama macrops populations in the Oujiang River and Ling River. Mitochondrial control region sequences (D-loop region) of 131 specimens from six populations were obtained and analyzed. The diversity of main stream in the Ou River was lower than that in Ling River. Changtan population showed the lowest diversity (H = 0.646 ± 0.077; π = 0.00060 ± 0.00820). Pairwise FST, gene flow (Nm), and genetic distance (Da) indicated that Longquan and Changtan significantly differentiate from other populations. Nested clade phylogeographical analysis (NCPA) showed some clades and total cladogram experienced isolation by distance. In conclusion, the populations from severely fragmented Ou River have the lower diversity and more intense differentiation than that from the mainstream of Ling River, Changtan population present the lowest diversity and were isolated by the dam construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangjie Zhao
- a The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization (AGRU) of the Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , P. R. China.,b Fishery Biological Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province, Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University , Xinyang , P. R. China
| | - Erica L Chenoweth
- c Gene Conservation Laboratory, Alaska Department of Fish & Game , Anchorage , AK , USA
| | - Qigen Liu
- a The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Resources and Utilization (AGRU) of the Ministry of Agriculture , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , P. R. China
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Exploring and conserving a “microcosm”: whole-population genetic characterization within a refugial area of the endemic, relict conifer Picea omorika. CONSERV GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-017-0926-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Pironon S, Papuga G, Villellas J, Angert AL, García MB, Thompson JD. Geographic variation in genetic and demographic performance: new insights from an old biogeographical paradigm. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2016; 92:1877-1909. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Pironon
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC); Box 1005 avenida Montañana 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Guillaume Papuga
- UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS; Box 1019 route de Mende 34090 Montpellier France
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Natura e del Territorio; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Box 21 Piazza Universitá 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Jesús Villellas
- Department of Biology; Duke University; Box 90338 Durham NC 27708-0338 U.S.A
| | - Amy L. Angert
- Departments of Botany and Zoology; University of British Columbia; Box 4200-6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver V6T 1Z4 Canada
| | - María B. García
- Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (IPE-CSIC); Box 1005 avenida Montañana 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - John D. Thompson
- UMR 5175 Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS; Box 1019 route de Mende 34090 Montpellier France
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20
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Reim S, Lochschmidt F, Proft A, Tröber U, Wolf H. Genetic structure and diversity in Juniperus communis populations in Saxony, Germany. BIODIVERSITY: RESEARCH AND CONSERVATION 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biorc-2016-0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, land use changes led to a rapid decline and fragmentation of J. communis populations in Germany. Population isolation may lead to a restricted gene flow and, further, to negative effects on genetic variation. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure in seven fragmented J. communis populations in Saxony, Germany, were investigated using nuclear microsatellites (nSSR) and chloroplast single nucleotide polymorphism (cpSNP). In all Saxony J. communis populations, a high genetic diversity was determined but no population differentiation could be detected whatever method was applied (Bayesian cluster analysis, F-statistics, AMOVA). The same was true for three J. communis out-group samples originating from Italy, Slovakia and Norway, which also showed high genetic diversity and low genetic differences regarding other J. communis populations. Low genetic differentiation among the J. communis populations ascertained with nuclear and chloroplast markers indicated high levels of gene flow by pollen and also by seeds between the sampled locations. Low genetic differentiation may also provide an indicator of Juniper survival during the last glacial maximum (LGM) in Europe. The results of this study serve as a basis for the implementation of appropriate conservation measures in Saxony.
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Bertolasi B, Leonarduzzi C, Piotti A, Leonardi S, Zago L, Gui L, Gorian F, Vanetti I, Binelli G. A last stand in the Po valley: genetic structure and gene flow patterns in Ulmus minor and U. pumila. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2015; 115:683-92. [PMID: 25725008 PMCID: PMC4343291 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Ulmus minor has been severely affected by Dutch elm disease (DED). The introduction into Europe of the exotic Ulmus pumila, highly tolerant to DED, has resulted in it widely replacing native U. minor populations. Morphological and genetic evidence of hybridization has been reported, and thus there is a need for assessment of interspecific gene flow patterns in natural populations. This work therefore aimed at studying pollen gene flow in a remnant U. minor stand surrounded by trees of both species scattered across an agricultural landscape. METHODS All trees from a small natural stand (350 in number) and the surrounding agricultural area within a 5-km radius (89) were genotyped at six microsatellite loci. Trees were morphologically characterized as U. minor, U. pumila or intermediate phenotypes, and morphological identification was compared with Bayesian clustering of genotypes. For paternity analysis, seeds were collected in two consecutive years from 20 and 28 mother trees. Maximum likelihood paternity assignment was used to elucidate intra- and interspecific gene flow patterns. KEY RESULTS Genetic structure analyses indicated the presence of two genetic clusters only partially matching the morphological identification. The paternity analysis results were consistent between the two consecutive years of sampling and showed high pollen immigration rates (∼0·80) and mean pollination distances (∼3 km), and a skewed distribution of reproductive success. Few intercluster pollinations and putative hybrid individuals were found. CONCLUSIONS Pollen gene flow is not impeded in the fragmented agricultural landscape investigated. High pollen immigration and extensive pollen dispersal distances are probably counteracting the potential loss of genetic variation caused by isolation. Some evidence was also found that U. minor and U. pumila can hybridize when in sympatry. Although hybridization might have beneficial effects on both species, remnant U. minor populations represent a valuable source of genetic diversity that needs to be preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bertolasi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - C Leonarduzzi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - A Piotti
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - S Leonardi
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - L Zago
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - L Gui
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - F Gorian
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - I Vanetti
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
| | - G Binelli
- Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale, Corpo Forestale dello Stato, Via del Ponte 256, 37059 Peri (VR), Italy, Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università di Parma, Viale Usberti 11/A, Parma, Italy, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy and Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J.H. Dunant 3, 21100 Varese (VA), Italy
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Aranda I, Cano FJ, Gascó A, Cochard H, Nardini A, Mancha JA, López R, Sánchez-Gómez D. Variation in photosynthetic performance and hydraulic architecture across European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations supports the case for local adaptation to water stress. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 35:34-46. [PMID: 25536961 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpu101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide new insights into how intraspecific variability in the response of key functional traits to drought dictates the interplay between gas-exchange parameters and the hydraulic architecture of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.). Considering the relationships between hydraulic and leaf functional traits, we tested whether local adaptation to water stress occurs in this species. To address these objectives, we conducted a glasshouse experiment in which 2-year-old saplings from six beech populations were subjected to different watering treatments. These populations encompassed central and marginal areas of the range, with variation in macro- and microclimatic water availability. The results highlight subtle but significant differences among populations in their functional response to drought. Interpopulation differences in hydraulic traits suggest that vulnerability to cavitation is higher in populations with higher sensitivity to drought. However, there was no clear relationship between variables related to hydraulic efficiency, such as xylem-specific hydraulic conductivity or stomatal conductance, and those that reflect resistance to xylem cavitation (i.e., Ψ(12), the water potential corresponding to a 12% loss of stem hydraulic conductivity). The results suggest that while a trade-off between photosynthetic capacity at the leaf level and hydraulic function of xylem could be established across populations, it functions independently of the compromise between safety and efficiency of the hydraulic system with regard to water use at the interpopulation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Aranda
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Cano
- Unidad de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Gascó
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain School of Biology, IE University, Cardenal Zúñiga 12, 40003 Segovia, Spain
| | - Hervé Cochard
- INRA, UMR547 PIAF, F-63100 Clermont-Ferrand, France Clermont Université, Université Blaise-Pascal, UMR547 PIAF, BP 10448, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Andrea Nardini
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita, Universita di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 10, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Jose Antonio Mancha
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosana López
- Unidad de Anatomía, Fisiología y Genética Forestal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Montes, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Gómez
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Centro de Investigación Forestal, Carretera de la Coruña Km 7.5, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Lumibao CY, McLachlan JS. Habitat Differences Influence Genetic Impacts of Human Land Use on the American Beech (Fagus grandifolia). J Hered 2014; 105:793-805. [DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esu047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Xue H, Zhong M, Xu J, Xu L. Geographic distance affects dispersal of the patchy distributed greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton). PLoS One 2014; 9:e99540. [PMID: 24911266 PMCID: PMC4049827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dispersal is a fundamental process in ecology influencing the genetic structure and the viability of populations. Understanding how variable factors influence the dispersal of the population is becoming an important question in animal ecology. To date, geographic distance and geographic barriers are often considered as main factors impacting dispersal, but their effects are variable depending on different conditions. In general, geographic barriers affect more significantly than geographic distance on dispersal. In rapidly expanding populations, however, geographic barriers have less effect on dispersal than geographic distance. The effects of both geographic distance and geographic barriers in low-density populations with patchy distributions are poorly understood. By using a panel of 10 microsatellite loci we investigated the genetic structure of three patchy-distributed populations of the Greater long-tailed hamster (Tscherskia triton) from Raoyang, Guan and Shunyi counties of the North China Plain. The results showed that (i) high genetic diversity and differentiation exist in three geographic populations with patchy distributions; (ii) gene flow occurs among these three populations with physical barriers of Beijing city and Hutuo River, which potentially restricted the dispersal of the animal; (iii) the gene flow is negatively correlated with the geographic distance, while the genetic distance shows the positive correlation. Our results suggest that the effect of the physical barriers is conditional-dependent, including barrier capacity or individual potentially dispersal ability. Geographic distance also acts as an important factor affecting dispersal for the patchy distributed geographic populations. So, gene flow is effective, even at relatively long distances, in balancing the effect of geographic barrier in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiliang Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Min Zhong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Jinhui Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Laixiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
- * E-mail:
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Yineger H, Schmidt DJ, Hughes JM. Genetic structuring of remnant forest patches in an endangered medicinal tree in North-western Ethiopia. BMC Genet 2014; 15:31. [PMID: 24602239 PMCID: PMC4021171 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-15-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Habitat loss and fragmentation may have detrimental impacts on genetic diversity, population structure and overall viability of tropical trees. The response of tropical trees to fragmentation processes may, however, be species, cohort or region-specific. Here we test the hypothesis that forest fragmentation is associated with lower genetic variability and higher genetic differentiation in adult and seedling populations of Prunus africana in North-western Ethiopia. This is a floristically impoverished region where all but a few remnant forest patches have been destroyed, mostly by anthropogenic means. Results Genetic diversity (based on allelic richness) was significantly greater in large and less-isolated forest patches as well as in adults than seedlings. Nearly all pairwise FST comparisons showed evidence for significant population genetic differentiation. Mean FST values were significantly greater in seedlings than adults, even after correction for within population diversity, but varied little with patch size or isolation. Conclusions Analysis of long-lived adult trees suggests the formerly contiguous forest in North-western Ethiopia probably exhibited strong spatial patterns of genetic structure. This means that protecting a range of patches including small and isolated ones is needed to conserve the extant genetic resources of the valuable forests in this region. However, given the high livelihood dependence of the local community and the high impact of foreign investors on forest resources of this region, in situ conservation efforts alone may not be helpful. Therefore, these efforts should be supported with ex situ gene conservation actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haile Yineger
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia.
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de Lafontaine G, Ducousso A, Lefèvre S, Magnanou E, Petit RJ. Stronger spatial genetic structure in recolonized areas than in refugia in the European beech. Mol Ecol 2014; 22:4397-412. [PMID: 23980761 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extant rear-edge populations located in former glacial refugia remain understudied despite their high conservation value. These populations should have experienced strong genetic drift due to their small size and long isolation. Moreover, the prolonged action of isolation by distance in refugial areas should result in stronger regional spatial genetic structure (SGS) than in recolonized areas, but empirical tests of this prediction are scarce. To fill this gap, we first used a set of 16 microsatellite markers to investigate the genetic structure of European beech in France in 65 populations from three refugial areas and one control recolonized (nonrefugial) area. Then, using the same approach, we reanalysed published isozyme data from 375 populations distributed across the entire species range. We found stronger genetic differentiation among populations in refugia than in recolonized areas. However, contrary to expectations, regional SGS was lower within refugia than within recolonized areas. Published studies presenting similar analyses suggest that our results could have generality across different biogeographical settings and types of organisms. Strong and prolonged genetic drift in refugial areas could have erased the signature of range expansions that is still visible in recolonized areas. Our results therefore suggest that Pleistocene population isolation has played a key role in increasing the genetic complexity of extant rear-edge populations.
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