1
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Mishra SK, Mishra V. Saroglitazar Enhances Memory Functions and Adult Neurogenesis via Up-Regulation of Wnt/β Catenin Signaling in the Rat Model of Dementia. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 39265183 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) have emerged as a promising target for the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders. Studies have shown that both PPAR α & γ individually modulate various pathophysiological events like neuroinflammation and insulin resistance, which are known to variedly affect neurogenesis. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of saroglitazar (SGZR), a dual PPAR agonist, on adult neurogenesis and spatial learning and memory, in intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV STZ)-induced dementia in rats. We have found that SGZR at the dose of 4 mg/kg per oral showed significant improvement in learning and memory compared to ICV STZ-treated rats. A substantial increase in neurogenesis was observed in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG), as indicated by an increase in the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)+ cells, BrdU+ nestin+ cells, and doublecortin (DCX)+cells. Treatment with SGZR also decreased the active form of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and hence enhanced the nuclear translocation of the β-catenin. Enhanced expression of Wnt transcription factors and target genes indicates that the up-regulation of Wnt signaling might be involved in the observed increase in neurogenesis. Hence, it can be concluded that the SGZR enhances memory functions and adult neurogenesis via the upregulation of Wnt β-catenin signaling in ICV STZ-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Mishra
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031, India
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kalinga University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492101, India
| | - Vaibhav Mishra
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201313, India
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2
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Chen Y, Xu R, Liu Q, Zeng Y, Chen W, Liu Y, Cao Y, Liu G, Chen Y. Rosmarinic acid ameliorated oxidative stress, neuronal injuries, and mitochondrial dysfunctions mediated by polyglutamine and ɑ-synuclein in Caenorhabditis elegans models. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04206-4. [PMID: 38703342 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Numerous natural antioxidants have been developed into agents for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) treatment. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an excellent antioxidant, exhibits neuroprotective activity, but its anti-NDs efficacy remains puzzling. Here, Caenorhabditis elegans models were employed to systematically reveal RA-mediated mechanisms in delaying NDs from diverse facets, including oxidative stress, the homeostasis of neural and protein, and mitochondrial disorders. Firstly, RA significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species accumulation, reduced peroxide malonaldehyde production, and strengthened the antioxidant defense system via increasing superoxide dismutase activity. Besides, RA reduced neuronal loss and ameliorated polyglutamine and ɑ-synuclein-mediated dyskinesia in NDs models. Further, in combination with the data and molecular docking results, RA may bind specifically to Huntington protein and ɑ-synuclein to prevent toxic protein aggregation and thus enhance proteostasis. Finally, RA ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction including increasing adenosine triphosphate and mitochondrial membrane potential levels and rescuing mitochondrial membrane proteins' expressions and mitochondrial structural abnormalities via regulating mitochondrial dynamics genes and improving the mitochondrial kinetic homeostasis. Thus, this study systematically revealed the RA-mediated neuroprotective mechanism and promoted RA as a promising nutritional intervention strategy to prevent NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruina Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiaoxing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanting Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Weitian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfa Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong, China.
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3
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Scopa C, Barnada SM, Cicardi ME, Singer M, Trotti D, Trizzino M. JUN upregulation drives aberrant transposable element mobilization, associated innate immune response, and impaired neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8021. [PMID: 38049398 PMCID: PMC10696058 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenic decline, inflammation, and neurodegeneration are phenotypic hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mobilization of transposable elements (TEs) in heterochromatic regions was recently reported in AD, but the underlying mechanisms are still underappreciated. Combining functional genomics with the differentiation of familial and sporadic AD patient derived-iPSCs into hippocampal progenitors, CA3 neurons, and cerebral organoids, we found that the upregulation of the AP-1 subunit, c-Jun, triggers decondensation of genomic regions containing TEs. This leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of HERVK-derived RNA-DNA hybrids, the activation of the cGAS-STING cascade, and increased levels of cleaved caspase-3, suggesting the initiation of programmed cell death in AD progenitors and neurons. Notably, inhibiting c-Jun effectively blocks all these downstream molecular processes and rescues neuronal death and the impaired neurogenesis phenotype in AD progenitors. Our findings open new avenues for identifying therapeutic strategies and biomarkers to counteract disease progression and diagnose AD in the early, pre-symptomatic stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Scopa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Samantha M Barnada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Maria E Cicardi
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mo Singer
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Davide Trotti
- Jefferson Weinberg ALS Center, Vickie and Jack Farber Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Marco Trizzino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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4
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Shah A, Mir PA, Adnan M, Patel M, Maqbool M, Mir RH, Masoodi MH. Synthetic and Natural Bioactive Molecules in Balancing the Crosstalk among Common Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease: Understanding the Neurotoxic Mechanisms for Therapeutic Intervention. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:39964-39983. [PMID: 37929080 PMCID: PMC10620788 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The structure and function of the brain greatly rely on different signaling pathways. The wide variety of biological processes, including neurogenesis, axonal remodeling, the development and maintenance of pre- and postsynaptic terminals, and excitatory synaptic transmission, depends on combined actions of these molecular pathways. From that point of view, it is important to investigate signaling pathways and their crosstalk in order to better understand the formation of toxic proteins during neurodegeneration. With recent discoveries, it is established that the modulation of several pathological events in Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt signaling, 5'-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), and sirtuin 1 (Sirt1, silent mating-type information regulator 2 homologue 1) are central to the key findings. These include decreased amyloid formation and inflammation, mitochondrial dynamics control, and enhanced neural stability. This review intends to emphasize the importance of these signaling pathways, which collectively determine the fate of neurons in AD in several ways. This review will also focus on the role of novel synthetic and natural bioactive molecules in balancing the intricate crosstalk among different pathways in order to prolong the longevity of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul
Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Khalsa
College of Pharmacy, G.T. Road, Amritsar 143002, Punjab, India
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department
of Biology, College of Science, University
of Ha’il, Ha’il 81451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mitesh Patel
- Research
and Development Cell, Department of Biotechnology, Parul Institute
of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara 391760, India
| | - Mudasir Maqbool
- Pharmacy
Practice Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Mubashir Hussain Masoodi
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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5
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Levin Z, Leary OP, Mora V, Kant S, Brown S, Svokos K, Akbar U, Serre T, Klinge P, Fleischmann A, Ruocco MG. Cerebrospinal fluid transcripts may predict shunt surgery responses in normal pressure hydrocephalus. Brain 2023; 146:3747-3759. [PMID: 37208310 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases are critical for advancing diagnosis and therapy. Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, gait impairment, urinary incontinence and cognitive decline. In contrast to most other neurodegenerative disorders, NPH symptoms can be improved by the placement of a ventricular shunt that drains excess CSF. A major challenge in NPH management is the identification of patients who benefit from shunt surgery. Here, we perform genome-wide RNA sequencing of extracellular vesicles in CSF of 42 NPH patients, and we identify genes and pathways whose expression levels correlate with gait, urinary or cognitive symptom improvement after shunt surgery. We describe a machine learning algorithm trained on these gene expression profiles to predict shunt surgery response with high accuracy. The transcriptomic signatures we identified may have important implications for improving NPH diagnosis and treatment and for understanding disease aetiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Levin
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Owen P Leary
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Victor Mora
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Shawn Kant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Sarah Brown
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Konstantina Svokos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Umer Akbar
- Department of Neurology, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Thomas Serre
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Cognitive Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Petra Klinge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USA
| | - Alexander Fleischmann
- Department of Neuroscience, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Maria Grazia Ruocco
- Carney Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
- Department of Cognitive Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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6
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Microglial Expression of the Wnt Signaling Modulator DKK2 Differs between Human Alzheimer's Disease Brains and Mouse Neurodegeneration Models. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0306-22.2022. [PMID: 36599670 PMCID: PMC9836029 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0306-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Wnt signaling is crucial for synapse and cognitive function. Indeed, deficient Wnt signaling is causally related to increased expression of DKK1, an endogenous negative Wnt regulator, and synapse loss, both of which likely contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Increasingly, AD research efforts have probed the neuroinflammatory role of microglia, the resident immune cells of the CNS, which have furthermore been shown to be modulated by Wnt signaling. The DKK1 homolog DKK2 has been previously identified as an activated response and/or disease-associated microglia (DAM/ARM) gene in a mouse model of AD. Here, we performed a detailed analysis of DKK2 in mouse models of neurodegeneration, and in human AD brain. In APP/PS1 and APPNL-G-F AD mouse model brains as well as in SOD1G93A ALS mouse model spinal cords, but not in control littermates, we demonstrated significant microgliosis and microglial Dkk2 mRNA upregulation in a disease-stage-dependent manner. In the AD models, these DAM/ARM Dkk2+ microglia preferentially accumulated close to βAmyloid plaques. Furthermore, recombinant DKK2 treatment of rat hippocampal primary neurons blocked WNT7a-induced dendritic spine and synapse formation, indicative of an anti-synaptic effect similar to that of DKK1. In stark contrast, no such microglial DKK2 upregulation was detected in the postmortem human frontal cortex from individuals diagnosed with AD or pathologic aging. In summary, the difference in microglial expression of the DAM/ARM gene DKK2 between mouse models and human AD brain highlights the increasingly recognized limitations of using mouse models to recapitulate facets of human neurodegenerative disease.
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7
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Chen Y, Qin Q, Zhao W, Luo D, Huang Y, Liu G, Kuang Y, Cao Y, Chen Y. Carnosol Reduced Pathogenic Protein Aggregation and Cognitive Impairment in Neurodegenerative Diseases Models via Improving Proteostasis and Ameliorating Mitochondrial Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10490-10505. [PMID: 35973126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease are incurable diseases with progressive loss of neural function and require urgent development of effective treatments. Carnosol (CL) reportedly has a pharmacological effect in the prevention of dementia. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of CL's neuroprotection are not entirely clear. The present study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of CL-mediated neuroprotection through Caenorhabditis elegans models. First, CL restored ND protein homeostasis via inhibiting the IIS pathway, regulating MAPK signaling, and simultaneously activating molecular chaperone, thus inhibiting amyloid peptide (Aβ), polyglutamine (polyQ), and α-synuclein (α-syn) deposition and reducing protein disruption-mediated behavioral and cognitive impairments as well as neuronal damages. Furthermore, CL could repair mitochondrial structural damage via improving the mitochondrial membrane protein function and mitochondrial structural homeostasis and improve mitochondrial functional defects via increasing adenosine triphosphate contents, mitochondrial membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species levels, suggesting that CL could improve the ubiquitous mitochondrial defects in NDs. More importantly, we found that CL activated mitochondrial kinetic homeostasis related genes to improve the mitochondrial homeostasis and dysfunction in NDs. Meanwhile, CL up-regulated unc-17, cho-1, and cha-1 genes to alleviate Aβ-mediated cholinergic neurological disorders and activated Notch signaling and the Wnt pathway to diminish polyQ- and α-syn-induced ASH neurons as well as dopaminergic neuron damages. Overall, our study clarified the beneficial anti-ND neuroprotective effects of CL in different aspects and provided new insights into developing CL into products with preventive and therapeutic effects on NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Qiao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Danxia Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yingyin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Guo Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Kuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjiao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510640 Guangdong, China
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8
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Age-dependent changes in Wnt signaling components and synapse number are differentially affected between brain regions. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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9
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Hawkins S, Namboori SC, Tariq A, Blaker C, Flaxman C, Dey NS, Henley P, Randall A, Rosa A, Stanton LW, Bhinge A. Upregulation of β-catenin due to loss of miR-139 contributes to motor neuron death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:1650-1665. [PMID: 35750046 PMCID: PMC9287677 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons (MNs). There are no effective treatments and patients usually die within 2-5 years of diagnosis. Emerging commonalities between familial and sporadic cases of this complex multifactorial disorder include disruption to RNA processing and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies containing TDP-43 and/or FUS protein aggregates. Both TDP-43 and FUS have been implicated in RNA processing functions, including microRNA biogenesis, transcription, and splicing. In this study, we explore the misexpression of microRNAs in an iPSC-based disease model of FUS ALS. We identify the downregulation of miR-139, an MN-enriched microRNA, in FUS and sporadic ALS MN. We discover that miR-139 downregulation leads to the activation of canonical WNT signaling and demonstrate that the WNT transcriptional mediator β-catenin is a major driver of MN degeneration in ALS. Our results highlight the importance of homeostatic RNA networks in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Hawkins
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Seema C Namboori
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Ammarah Tariq
- Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK; Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK
| | - Catherine Blaker
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Christine Flaxman
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Nidhi S Dey
- York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Peter Henley
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Andrew Randall
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Alessandro Rosa
- Department of Biology and Biotechnologies Charles Darwin, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; Center for Life Nano- & Neuro-Science, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Lawrence W Stanton
- Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Akshay Bhinge
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK; Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK.
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10
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Harrison KS, Jones C. Regulation of herpes simplex virus type 1 latency-reactivation cycle and ocular disease by cellular signaling pathways. Exp Eye Res 2022; 218:109017. [PMID: 35240194 PMCID: PMC9191828 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.109017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Following acute infection, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes life-long latency in sensory and other neurons. Recurrent ocular HSV-1 outbreaks are generally due to reactivation from latency. The HSV-1 latency-reactivation cycle is a complex virus-host relationship. The viral encoded latency-associated transcript (LAT) is abundantly expressed in latency and encodes several micro-RNAs and other small non-coding RNAs, which may regulate expression of key viral and cellular genes. Certain cellular signaling pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and mTOR pathway, mediate certain aspect of the latency-reactivation cycle. Stress, via activation of the glucocorticoid receptor and other stress induced cellular transcription factors, are predicted to trigger reactivation from latency by stimulating viral gene expression and impairing immune responses and inflammation. These observations suggest stress and certain cellular signaling pathways play key roles in regulating the latency-reactivation cycle and recurrent ocular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Harrison
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rm 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Rm 250 McElroy Hall, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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11
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Yeewa R, Chaiya P, Jantrapirom S, Shotelersuk V, Lo Piccolo L. Multifaceted roles of YEATS domain-containing proteins and novel links to neurological diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:183. [PMID: 35279775 PMCID: PMC11071958 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The so-called Yaf9, ENL, AF9, Taf14, and Sas5 (YEATS) domain-containing proteins, hereafter referred to as YD proteins, take control over the transcription by multiple steps of regulation either involving epigenetic remodelling of chromatin or guiding the processivity of RNA polymerase II to facilitate elongation-coupled mRNA 3' processing. Interestingly, an increasing amount of evidence suggest a wider repertoire of YD protein's functions spanning from non-coding RNA regulation, RNA-binding proteins networking, post-translational regulation of a few signalling transduction proteins and the spindle pole formation. However, such a large set of non-canonical roles is still poorly characterized. Notably, four paralogous of human YEATS domain family members, namely eleven-nineteen-leukaemia (ENL), ALL1-fused gene from chromosome 9 protein (AF9), YEATS2 and glioma amplified sequence 41 (GAS41), have a strong link to cancer yet new findings also highlight a potential novel role in neurological diseases. Here, in an attempt to more comprehensively understand the complexity of four YD proteins and to gain more insight into the novel functions they may accomplish in the neurons, we summarized the YD protein's networks, systematically searched and reviewed the YD genetic variants associated with neurodevelopmental disorders and finally interrogated the model organism Drosophila melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranchana Yeewa
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pawita Chaiya
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Salinee Jantrapirom
- Drosophila Centre for Human Diseases and Drug Discovery (DHD), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Centre of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Excellence Centre for Genomics and Precision Medicine, The Thai Red Cross Society, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Luca Lo Piccolo
- Centre of Multidisciplinary Technology for Advanced Medicine (CMUTEAM), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Musculoskeletal Science and Translational Research Centre (MSTR), Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
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12
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Jha NK, Chen WC, Kumar S, Dubey R, Tsai LW, Kar R, Jha SK, Gupta PK, Sharma A, Gundamaraju R, Pant K, Mani S, Singh SK, Maccioni RB, Datta T, Singh SK, Gupta G, Prasher P, Dua K, Dey A, Sharma C, Mughal YH, Ruokolainen J, Kesari KK, Ojha S. Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review. Open Biol 2022; 12:210289. [PMID: 35291879 PMCID: PMC8924757 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Lung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Medicine Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Department of Information Technology Office, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan,Graduate Institute of Data Science, College of Management, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rohan Kar
- Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIMA), Gujarat 380015, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Ankur Sharma
- Department of Life Science, School of Basic Science and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania 7248, Australia
| | - Kumud Pant
- Department of Biotechnology, Graphic Era deemed to be University Dehradun Uttarakhand, 248002 Dehradun, India
| | - Shalini Mani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, A-10, Sector 62, Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201301, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Singh
- Indian Scientific Education and Technology Foundation, Lucknow 226002, India
| | - Ricardo B. Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neurosciences and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine (ICC) and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Tirtharaj Datta
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology (SET), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, 302017 Jagatpura, Jaipur, India
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India,Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yasir Hayat Mughal
- Department of Health Administration, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Kavindra Kumar Kesari
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, and,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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13
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Lecordier S, Pons V, Rivest S, ElAli A. Multifocal Cerebral Microinfarcts Modulate Early Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology in a Sex-Dependent Manner. Front Immunol 2022; 12:813536. [PMID: 35173711 PMCID: PMC8841345 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.813536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) constitutes a major cause of dementia, affecting more women than men. It is characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) formation, associated with a progressive cognitive decline. Evidence indicates that AD onset increases the prevalence of cerebral microinfarcts caused by vascular pathologies, which occur in approximately in half of AD patients. In this project, we postulated that multifocal cerebral microinfarcts decisively influence early AD-like pathology progression in a sex dependent manner in young APP/PS1 mice. For this purpose, we used a novel approach to model multifocal microinfarcts in APP/PS1 mice via the sporadic occlusions of the microvasculature. Our findings indicate that microinfarcts reduced Aβ deposits without affecting soluble Aβ levels in the brain of male and female APP/PS1 mice, while causing rapid and prolonged cognitive deficits in males, and a mild and transient cognitive decline in females. In male APP/PS1 mice, microinfarcts triggered an acute hypoperfusion followed by a chronic hyperperfusion. Whereas in female APP/PS1 mice, microinfarcts caused an acute hypoperfusion, which was recovered in the chronic phase. Microinfarcts triggered a robust microglial activation and recruitment of peripheral monocytes to the lesion sites and Aβ plaques more potently in female APP/PS1 mice, possibly accounting for the reduced Aβ deposition. Finally, expression of Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), which plays a key role in mediating synaptic and neuronal dysfunction in AD, was strongly induced at the lesion sites of male APP/PS1 mice, while its expression was reduced in females. Our findings suggest that multifocal microinfarcts accelerate AD pathology more potently in young males compared to young females independently upon Aβ pathology via modulation of neurovascular coupling, inflammatory response, and DKK1 expression. Our results suggest that the effects of microinfarcts should be taken into consideration in AD diagnosis, prognosis, and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Lecordier
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Vincent Pons
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Serge Rivest
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Ayman ElAli,
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14
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Identification, Culture and Targeting of Cancer Stem Cells. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020184. [PMID: 35207472 PMCID: PMC8879966 DOI: 10.3390/life12020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance, tumor progression, and metastasis are features that are frequently seen in cancer that have been associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs). These cells are a promising target in the future of cancer therapy but remain largely unknown. Deregulation of pathways that govern stemness in non-tumorigenic stem cells (SCs), such as Notch, Wnt, and Hedgehog pathways, has been described in CSC pathogenesis, but it is necessary to conduct further studies to discover potential new therapeutic targets. In addition, some markers for the identification and characterization of CSCs have been suggested, but the search for specific CSC markers in many cancer types is still under development. In addition, methods for CSC cultivation are also under development, with great heterogeneity existing in the protocols used. This review focuses on the most recent aspects of the identification, characterization, cultivation, and targeting of human CSCs, highlighting the advances achieved in the clinical implementation of therapies targeting CSCs and remarking those potential areas where more research is still required.
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15
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Marcogliese PC, Dutta D, Ray SS, Dang NDP, Zuo Z, Wang Y, Lu D, Fazal F, Ravenscroft TA, Chung H, Kanca O, Wan J, Douine ED, Network UD, Pena LDM, Yamamoto S, Nelson SF, Might M, Meyer KC, Yeo NC, Bellen HJ. Loss of IRF2BPL impairs neuronal maintenance through excess Wnt signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl5613. [PMID: 35044823 PMCID: PMC8769555 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl5613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
De novo truncations in Interferon Regulatory Factor 2 Binding Protein Like (IRF2BPL) lead to severe childhood-onset neurodegenerative disorders. To determine how loss of IRF2BPL causes neural dysfunction, we examined its function in Drosophila and zebrafish. Overexpression of either IRF2BPL or Pits, the Drosophila ortholog, represses Wnt transcription in flies. In contrast, neuronal depletion of Pits leads to increased wingless (wg) levels in the brain and is associated with axonal loss, whereas inhibition of Wg signaling is neuroprotective. Moreover, increased neuronal expression of wg in flies is sufficient to cause age-dependent axonal loss, similar to reduction of Pits. Loss of irf2bpl in zebrafish also causes neurological defects with an associated increase in wnt1 transcription and downstream signaling. WNT1 is also increased in patient-derived astrocytes, and pharmacological inhibition of Wnt suppresses the neurological phenotypes. Last, IRF2BPL and the Wnt antagonist, CKIα, physically and genetically interact, showing that IRF2BPL and CkIα antagonize Wnt transcription and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul C. Marcogliese
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Debdeep Dutta
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shrestha Sinha Ray
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Nghi D. P. Dang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuchun Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Di Lu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fatima Fazal
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Thomas A. Ravenscroft
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hyunglok Chung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Oguz Kanca
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - JiJun Wan
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Emilie D. Douine
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Undiagnosed Diseases Network
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Loren D. M. Pena
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Shinya Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Development, Disease Models & Therapeutics Graduate Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Stanley F. Nelson
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Matthew Might
- Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kathrin C. Meyer
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Nan Cher Yeo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Precision Medicine Institute, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hugo J. Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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16
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Ma R, Kutchy NA, Chen L, Meigs DD, Hu G. Primary cilia and ciliary signaling pathways in aging and age-related brain disorders. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 163:105607. [PMID: 34979259 PMCID: PMC9280856 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disorders are characterized by the progressive loss of structure and function of the brain as a consequence of progressive degeneration and/or death of nerve cells. Aging is a major risk factor for brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and stroke. Various cellular and molecular events have been shown to play a role in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging studies suggest that primary cilia could be a key regulator in brain diseases. The primary cilium is a singular cellular organelle expressed on the surface of many cell types, such as astrocytes and neurons in the mature brain. Primary cilia detect extracellular cues, such as Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) protein, and transduce these signals into cells to regulate various signaling pathways. Abnormalities in ciliary length and frequency (ratio of ciliated cells) have been implicated in various human diseases, including brain disorders. This review summarizes current findings and thoughts on the role of primary cilia and ciliary signaling pathways in aging and age-related brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Naseer A Kutchy
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, Grenada
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Computer Science, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China; Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Douglas D Meigs
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA
| | - Guoku Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5880, USA.
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17
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Ren C, Zhang P, Yao XY, Li HH, Chen R, Zhang CY, Geng DQ. The cognitive impairment and risk factors of the older people living in high fluorosis areas: DKK1 need attention. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:2237. [PMID: 34886821 PMCID: PMC8656079 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-12310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate cognitive impairment and risk factors of elders in high fluoride drinking water areas and investigate whether DKK1 is involved in this disorder. Methods MoCA-B and AD-8 were used to measure the cognitive functions of 272 and 172 subjects over the age of 60 came from the high and normal fluoride drinking water areas respectively, general information and peripheral blood were collected, the level of SOD, GSH and MDA were measured, mRNA level of DKK1, the concentration of blood fluoride and the polymorphism of APOE were tested. Results The blood fluoride concentration, mRNA level of DKK1 and ratio of abnormal cognitive function of subjects in high fluorine drinking water areas were higher than those in normal areas. The level of SOD of subjects in high fluorine drinking water was low compared with those in normal areas. The level of MDA and GSH had no difference between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. There were differences in cigarette smoking, education, dental status, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and APOE results between the two crowds in different fluorine drinking water areas. The mRNA level of DKK1 and the level of cognitive function showed a positive correlation and DKK1 was one of five risk factors involved in cognitive impairment of older people living in high fluorosis areas. Conclusions The cognitive functions could be impaired in the older people living in high fluoride drinking water areas, and DKK1 may as a potential intervention point of this brain damage process need attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.,Department of Neurology , Department of Neurology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospitalof Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yao
- Department of Neurology , Department of Neurology Yantai Yuhuangding Hospitalof Qingdao University, Yantai, 264000, China
| | - Hui-Hua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, The Fifth People's Hospital of Zhenjiang City, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, 223002, China
| | - Cai-Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The Affiliated Xuzhou Oriental Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221000, China.
| | - De-Qin Geng
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
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18
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Caracci MO, Avila ME, Espinoza-Cavieres FA, López HR, Ugarte GD, De Ferrari GV. Wnt/β-Catenin-Dependent Transcription in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:764756. [PMID: 34858139 PMCID: PMC8632544 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.764756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by synaptic dysfunction and defects in dendritic spine morphology. In the past decade, an extensive list of genes associated with ASD has been identified by genome-wide sequencing initiatives. Several of these genes functionally converge in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, a conserved cascade essential for stem cell pluripotency and cell fate decisions during development. Here, we review current information regarding the transcriptional program of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in ASD. First, we discuss that Wnt/β-catenin gain and loss of function studies recapitulate brain developmental abnormalities associated with ASD. Second, transcriptomic approaches using patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) cells, featuring mutations in high confidence ASD genes, reveal a significant dysregulation in the expression of Wnt signaling components. Finally, we focus on the activity of chromatin-remodeling proteins and transcription factors considered high confidence ASD genes, including CHD8, ARID1B, ADNP, and TBR1, that regulate Wnt/β-catenin-dependent transcriptional activity in multiple cell types, including pyramidal neurons, interneurons and oligodendrocytes, cells which are becoming increasingly relevant in the study of ASD. We conclude that the level of Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation could explain the high phenotypical heterogeneity of ASD and be instrumental in the development of new diagnostics tools and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O. Caracci
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miguel E. Avila
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Agronomy, Nucleus of Applied Research in Veterinary and Agronomic Sciences (NIAVA), Institute of Natural Sciences, Universidad de Las Américas, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca A. Espinoza-Cavieres
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Héctor R. López
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giorgia D. Ugarte
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giancarlo V. De Ferrari
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
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19
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Veys L, Devroye J, Lefevere E, Cools L, Vandenabeele M, De Groef L. Characterizing the Retinal Phenotype of the Thy1-h[A30P]α-syn Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:726476. [PMID: 34557068 PMCID: PMC8452874 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.726476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of research, disease-modifying treatments of Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, remain out of reach. One of the reasons for this treatment gap is the incomplete understanding of how misfolded alpha-synuclein (α-syn) contributes to PD pathology. The retina, as an integral part of the central nervous system, recapitulates the PD disease processes that are typically seen in the brain, and retinal manifestations have emerged as prodromal symptoms of the disease. The timeline of PD manifestations in the visual system, however, is not fully elucidated and the underlying mechanisms are obscure. This highlights the need for new studies investigating retinal pathology, in order to propel its use as PD biomarker, and to develop validated research models to investigate PD pathogenesis. The present study pioneers in characterizing the retina of the Thy1-h[A30P]α-syn PD transgenic mouse model. We demonstrate widespread α-syn accumulation in the inner retina of these mice, of which a proportion is phosphorylated yet not aggregated. This α-syn expression coincides with inner retinal atrophy due to postsynaptic degeneration. We also reveal abnormal retinal electrophysiological responses. Absence of selective loss of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells or dopaminergic amacrine cells and inflammation indicates that the retinal manifestations in these transgenic mice diverge from their brain phenotype, and questions the specific cellular or molecular alterations that underlie retinal pathology in this PD mouse model. Nevertheless, the observed α-syn accumulation, synapse loss and functional deficits suggest that the Thy1-h[A30P]α-syn retina mimics some of the features of prodromal PD, and thus may provide a window to monitor and study the preclinical/prodromal stages of PD, PD-associated retinal disease processes, as well as aid in retinal biomarker discovery and validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien Veys
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joyce Devroye
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evy Lefevere
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lien Cools
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marjan Vandenabeele
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lies De Groef
- Research Group of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Leuven Brain Institute, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Goswami VG, Patel BD. Recent updates on Wnt signaling modulators: a patent review (2014-2020). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2021; 31:1009-1043. [PMID: 34128760 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2021.1940138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Wnt signaling is a signal transduction pathway that plays a vital role in embryonic development and normal tissue preservation. Dysfunction of it gives rise to various diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, metabolic and skeletal disorders, kidney and liver disease, etc. Thus, targeting Wnt pathway can be a potential approach to design and develop novel therapeutic classes.Areas covered: Authors provided an overview of Wnt modulators from 2014 to 2020. Different heterocyclic scaffolds and their pharmacology from a total of 104 PCT applications have been summarized.Expert opinion: The scientific community is working extensively to bring first in the class molecule to the market which targets Wnt pathway. Lorecivivint, Wnt inhibitor, for the treatment of knee Osteoarthritis and SM-04554, Wnt activator, for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia are currently under Phase III. Other molecules, LGK-974, RXC-004, ETC-159, CGX-1321, PRI-724, CWP-232291 and BC-2059 are also under different stages of clinical development for the treatment of cancer. Antibody based Wnt modulator, OTSA101-DTPA-90Y is currently under Phase I for the treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Synovial Sarcoma while OMP-18R5 is under Phase I for Metastatic Breast Cancer. Ongoing preclinical/clinical trials will define the role of the Wnt pathway in different therapeutic areas and open new opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishalgiri G Goswami
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Bhumika D Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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21
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Pascual-Vargas P, Salinas PC. A Role for Frizzled and Their Post-Translational Modifications in the Mammalian Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:692888. [PMID: 34414184 PMCID: PMC8369345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.692888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is a key signalling cascade that regulates the formation and function of neuronal circuits. The main receptors for Wnts are Frizzled (Fzd) that mediate diverse functions such as neurogenesis, axon guidance, dendritogenesis, synapse formation, and synaptic plasticity. These processes are crucial for the assembly of functional neuronal circuits required for diverse functions ranging from sensory and motor tasks to cognitive performance. Indeed, aberrant Wnt-Fzd signalling has been associated with synaptic defects during development and in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease. New studies suggest that the localisation and stability of Fzd receptors play a crucial role in determining Wnt function. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Fzd are emerging as an important mechanism that regulates these Wnt receptors. However, only phosphorylation and glycosylation have been described to modulate Fzd function in the central nervous system (CNS). In this review, we discuss the function of Fzd in neuronal circuit connectivity and how PTMs contribute to their function. We also discuss other PTMs, not yet described in the CNS, and how they might modulate the function of Fzd in neuronal connectivity. PTMs could modulate Fzd function by affecting Fzd localisation and stability at the plasma membrane resulting in local effects of Wnt signalling, a feature particularly important in polarised cells such as neurons. Our review highlights the importance of further studies into the role of PTMs on Fzd receptors in the context of neuronal connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Patricia C. Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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22
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Harrison KS, Jones C. Wnt antagonists suppress herpes simplex virus type 1 productive infection. Antiviral Res 2021; 191:105082. [PMID: 33961904 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Following acute infection of mucosal surfaces, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes life-long latent infections within neurons, including sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG). Periodically, reactivation from latency occurs resulting in virus transmission and recurrent disease. In the absence of lytic cycle viral transcriptional proteins, host factors are predicted to mediate early stages of reactivation from latency. Previous studies suggested the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway promotes productive infection. To further examine how the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway enhances productive infection, we examined two antagonists of the Wnt-signaling pathway. KYA1797K enhances formation of the β-catenin destruction complex, resulting in β-catenin degradation. Conversely, iCRT14 inhibits β-catenin dependent transcription by interfering with β-catenin interactions with T-cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF)/Lef family of cellular transcription factors and interferes with TCF/Lef binding to DNA. iCRT14 and KYA1797K significantly inhibited HSV-1 productive infection in human and mouse neuronal cells and monkey kidney cells (VERO). Although iCRT14 was only effective when present throughout infection, delayed addition or early removal of KYA1797K did not significantly reduce its antiviral properties. KYA1797K had no effect on virus entry or penetration indicating it impairs certain aspects of viral replication. These studies demonstrated β-catenin promotes HSV-1 productive infection and indicate antagonists of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway may be effective anti-HSV therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S Harrison
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
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23
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Liu X, Wang K, Wei X, Xie T, Lv B, Zhou Q, Wang X. Interaction of NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathways in Alzheimer's Disease and Potential Active Drug Treatments. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:711-731. [PMID: 33523396 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03227-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The most important neuropathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are extracellular amyloid-β protein (Aβ) deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation and activation of neurometabolic reaction in the brain accompanied by neuronal and synaptic damage, and impaired learning and memory function. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, increased Aβ deposits in the brain to form the core of the senile plaques that initiate cascade reactions, affecting the synapses and stimulating activation of microglia, resulting in neuroinflammation. A growing number of studies has shown that NF-κB and Wnt/β-catenin pathways play important roles in neurodegenerative diseases, especially AD. In this review, we briefly introduce the connection between neuroinflammation-mediated synaptic dysfunction in AD and elaborated on the mechanism of these two signaling pathways in AD-related pathological changes, as well as their interaction. Based on our interest in natural compounds, we also briefly introduce and conduct preliminary screening of potential therapeutics for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Xing Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Tian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Bin Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishiku, Kitakyushu, 807-8555, Japan
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China. .,College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 301617, China.
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24
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Inhibition of Stress-Induced Viral Promoters by a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Non-Coding RNA and the Cellular Transcription Factor, β-Catenin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020519. [PMID: 33430186 PMCID: PMC7825607 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to establish, maintain, and reactivate from latency in sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) is crucial for bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) transmission. In contrast to lytic infection, the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency is the latency-related (LR) gene. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency, in part because the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) transactivates viral promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulator proteins (bICP0 and bICP4). Within hours after dexamethasone treatment of latently infected calves, LR gene products and β-catenin are not readily detected in TG neurons. Hence, we hypothesized that LR gene products and/or β-catenin restrict GR-mediated transcriptional activation. A plasmid expressing LR RNA sequences that span open reading frame 2 (ORF2-Stop) inhibited GR-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) and mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) promoter activity in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2A). ORF2-Stop also reduced productive infection and GR steady-state protein levels in transfected Neuro-2A cells. Additional studies revealed that the constitutively active β-catenin mutant reduced the transactivation of the IEtu1 promoter by GR and dexamethasone. Collectively, these studies suggest ORF2 RNA sequences and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway actively promote maintenance of latency, in part, by impairing GR-mediated gene expression.
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25
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Yu Z, Ling Z, Lu L, Zhao J, Chen X, Xu P, Zou X. Regulatory Roles of Bone in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:610581. [PMID: 33408628 PMCID: PMC7779400 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.610581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and neurodegenerative diseases are two kinds of common disorders of the elderly, which often co-occur. Previous studies have shown the skeletal and central nervous systems are closely related to pathophysiology. As the main structural scaffold of the body, the bone is also a reservoir for stem cells, a primary lymphoid organ, and an important endocrine organ. It can interact with the brain through various bone-derived cells, mostly the mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). The bone marrow is also a place for generating immune cells, which could greatly influence brain functions. Finally, the proteins secreted by bones (osteokines) also play important roles in the growth and function of the brain. This article reviews the latest research studying the impact of bone-derived cells, bone-controlled immune system, and bone-secreted proteins on the brain, and evaluates how these factors are implicated in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and their potential use in the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengran Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedic Research Institute/Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Menet R, Bourassa P, Calon F, ElAli A. Dickkopf-related protein-1 inhibition attenuates amyloid-beta pathology associated to Alzheimer's disease. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104881. [PMID: 33068684 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) constitutes the leading cause of dementia worldwide. It is associated to amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation and tau hyper-phosphorylation, accompanied by a progressive cognitive decline. Evidence suggests that the canonical Wnt pathway is deregulated in AD. Pathway activity is mediated by β-catenin stabilization in the cytosol, and subsequent translocation to the nucleus to regulate the expression of several genes implicated in brain homeostasis and functioning. It was recently proposed that Dickkopf-related protein-1 (DKK1), an endogenous antagonist of the pathway, might be implicated in AD pathogenesis. Here, we hypothesized that canonical Wnt pathway deactivation associated to DKK1 induction contributes to late-onset AD pathogenesis, and thus DKK1 neutralization could attenuate AD pathology. For this purpose, human post-mortem AD brain samples were used to assess pathway activity, and aged APPswe/PS1 mice were used to investigate DKK1 in late-onset AD-like pathology and therapy. Our findings indicate that β-catenin levels progressively decrease in the brain of AD patients, correlating with the duration of symptoms. Next, we found that Aβ pathology in APPswe/PS1 mediates DKK1 induction in the brain. Pharmacological neutralization of DKK1's biological activity in APPswe/PS1 mice restores pathway activity by stabilizing β-catenin, attenuates Aβ pathology, and ameliorates the memory of mice. Attenuation of AD-like pathology upon DKK1 inhibition is accompanied by a reduced protein expression of beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1). Moreover, DKK1 inhibition enhances vascular density, promotes blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity by increasing claudin 5, glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1), and ATP-binding cassette sub-family B member-1 (ABCB1) protein expression, as well as ameliorates synaptic plasticity by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95) protein expression. DKK1 conditional induction reduces claudin 5, abcb1, and psd-95 mRNA expression, validating its inhibition effects. Our results indicate that neutralization of DKK1's biological activity attenuates AD-like pathology by restoring canonical Wnt pathway activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Menet
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Philippe Bourassa
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Calon
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Ayman ElAli
- Neuroscience Axis, Research Center of CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.
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27
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Lipid Emulsion Improves Functional Recovery in an Animal Model of Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197373. [PMID: 33036206 PMCID: PMC7582956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a life-threatening condition that leads to the death of many people around the world. Reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke is a recurrent problem associated with various surgical procedures that involve the removal of blockages in the brain arteries. Lipid emulsion was recently shown to attenuate ischemic reperfusion injury in the heart and to protect the brain from excitotoxicity. However, investigations on the protective mechanisms of lipid emulsion against ischemia in the brain are still lacking. This study aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects of lipid emulsion in an in vivo rat model of ischemic reperfusion injury through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Under sodium pentobarbital anesthesia, rats were subjected to MCAO surgery and were administered with lipid emulsion through intra-arterial injection during reperfusion. The experimental animals were assessed for neurological deficit wherein the brains were extracted at 24 h after reperfusion for triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, immunoblotting and qPCR. Neuroprotection was found to be dosage-dependent and the rats treated with 20% lipid emulsion had significantly decreased infarction volumes and lower Bederson scores. Phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3-β (GSK3-β) were increased in the 20% lipid-emulsion treated group. The Wnt-associated signals showed a marked increase with a concomitant decrease in signals of inflammatory markers in the group treated with 20% lipid emulsion. The protective effects of lipid emulsion and survival-related expression of genes such as Akt, GSK-3β, Wnt1 and β-catenin were reversed by the intra-peritoneal administration of XAV939 through the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These results suggest that lipid emulsion has neuroprotective effects against ischemic reperfusion injury in the brain through the modulation of the Wnt signaling pathway and may provide potential insights for the development of therapeutic targets.
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28
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Hadi F, Akrami H, Shahpasand K, Fattahi MR. Wnt signalling pathway and tau phosphorylation: A comprehensive study on known connections. Cell Biochem Funct 2020; 38:686-694. [PMID: 32232872 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The Wnt pathway is the most important cascade in the nervous system; evidence has indicated that deregulation of the Wnt pathway induced pathogenic hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) as the main member of the Wnt pathway increases tau inclusions, the main marker in the neurodegenerative diseases. Phosphorylated tau is observed in the pre-tangle of the neurons in the early stage of neurodegenerative diseases. The researchers always try to improve pharmacological approaches of new therapeutic strategies to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases that are required to represent a significant entry point by understanding the theoretical interactions of the molecular pathways. In this review, we have discussed the recent knowledge about the canonical and non-canonical Wnt signalling pathway, GSK-3β, Wnt/β-catenin antagonists, tau phosphorylation, and their important roles in the neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hassan Akrami
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Koorosh Shahpasand
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Fattahi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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29
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Harrison KS, Zhu L, Thunuguntla P, Jones C. Herpes simplex virus 1 regulates β-catenin expression in TG neurons during the latency-reactivation cycle. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230870. [PMID: 32226020 PMCID: PMC7105109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
When herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection is initiated in the ocular, nasal, or oral cavity, sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) become infected. Following a burst of viral transcription in TG neurons, lytic cycle viral genes are suppressed and latency is established. The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only viral gene abundantly expressed during latency, and LAT expression is important for the latency-reactivation cycle. Reactivation from latency is required for virus transmission and recurrent disease, including encephalitis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is differentially expressed in TG during the bovine herpesvirus 1 latency-reactivation cycle. Hence, we hypothesized HSV-1 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and promotes maintenance of latency because this pathway enhances neuronal survival and axonal repair. New studies revealed β-catenin was expressed in significantly more TG neurons during latency compared to TG from uninfected mice or mice latently infected with a LAT-/- mutant virus. When TG explants were incubated with media containing dexamethasone to stimulate reactivation, significantly fewer β-catenin+ TG neurons were detected. Conversely, TG explants from uninfected mice or mice latently infected with a LAT-/- mutant increased the number of β-catenin+ TG neurons in the presence of DEX relative to samples not treated with DEX. Impairing Wnt signaling with small molecule antagonists reduced virus shedding during explant-induced reactivation. These studies suggested β-catenin was differentially expressed during the latency-reactivation cycle, in part due to LAT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly S. Harrison
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Liqian Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Prasanth Thunuguntla
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
| | - Clinton Jones
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States of America
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30
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A systematic review and meta-analysis of the associations of vitamin D receptor genetic variants with two types of most common neurodegenerative disorders. Aging Clin Exp Res 2020; 32:21-27. [PMID: 30863943 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01135-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether vitamin D receptor (VDR) genetic variants influence individual susceptibility to neurodegenerative disorders remains controversial. AIMS This meta-analysis was conducted to analyze correlations of VDR genetic variants with two types of most common neurodegenerative disorders, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS Systematic literature research of PubMed and Embase was performed to identify eligible articles. Q test and I2 statistic were employed to decide whether pooled analyses would be performed with random-effect models (REMs) or fixed-effect models (FEMs). All statistical analyses were conducted with Review Manager. RESULTS Totally sixteen studies were enrolled for analyses. Among these eligible studies, ten studies were about PD (2356 cases and 2815 controls) and six studies were about AD (1256 cases and 1205 controls). Pooled overall analyses suggested that VDR rs7975232 (additive model: p = 0.03, OR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.01-1.39) and rs2228570 (recessive model: p < 0.008, OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.06-1.50; allele model: p < 0.001, OR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.71-0.91) variants were significantly correlated with PD, and VDR rs731236 (dominant model: p = 0.003, OR = 0.70, 95% CI 0.56-0.89; additive model: p = 0.02, OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.66; allele model: p = 0.02, OR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.69-0.96) variant was significantly correlated with AD. Further subgroup analyses by ethnicity revealed that the positive results were mainly driven by the Asians, whereas no significant associations were observed in Caucasians. CONCLUSION Our meta-analysis suggested that VDR rs7975232 and rs2228570 variants might serve as genetic biomarkers of PD, whereas VDR rs731236 variant might serve as a genetic biomarker of AD.
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31
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Elbaz EM, Helmy HS, El-Sahar AE, Saad MA, Sayed RH. Lercanidipine boosts the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in 3-NP-induced Huntington's disease model rats via modulation of the calcium/calcineurin/NFATc4 and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Neurochem Int 2019; 131:104548. [PMID: 31539560 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2019.104548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induces a spectrum of Huntington's disease (HD)-like neuropathologies in the rat striatum. The present study aimed to demonstrate the neuroprotective effect of lercanidipine (LER) in rats with 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity, address the possible additional protective effect of combined treatment with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) and LER, and investigate the possible involvement of the Ca2+/calcineurin (CaN)/nuclear factor of activated T cells c4 (NFATc4) and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Rats were injected with 3-NP (10 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for two weeks and were divided into four subgroups; the first served as the control HD group, the second received a daily dose of LER (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), the third received a single injection of BM-MSCs (1 x 106/rat, i.v.) and the last received a combination of both BM-MSCs and LER. The combined therapy improved motor and behaviour performance. Meanwhile, this treatment led to a marked reduction in striatal cytosolic Ca2+, CaN, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and NFATc4 expression and the Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Combined therapy also increased striatal brain-derived neurotrophic factor, FOXP3, Wnt, and β-catenin protein expression. Furthermore, haematoxylin-eosin and Nissl staining revealed an amelioration of striatum tissue injury with the combined treatment. In conclusion, the current study provides evidence for a neuroprotective effect of LER and/or BM-MSCs in 3-NP-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Interestingly, combined LER/BM-MSC therapy was superior to cell therapy alone in inhibiting 3-NP-induced neurological insults via modulation of the Ca2+/CaN/NFATc4 and Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. LER/BM-MSC combined therapy may represent a feasible approach for improving the beneficial effects of stem cell therapy in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Elbaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatullah S Helmy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ayman E El-Sahar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammed A Saad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rabab H Sayed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
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32
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Wang LH, Baker NE. Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway regulates sensory organ development via caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:669. [PMID: 31511495 PMCID: PMC6739336 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The fundamental roles for the Salvador–Warts–Hippo (SWH) pathway are widely characterized in growth regulation and organ size control. However, the function of SWH pathway is less known in cell fate determination. Here we uncover a novel role of the SWH signaling pathway in determination of cell fate during neural precursor (sensory organ precursor, SOP) development. Inactivation of the SWH pathway in SOP of the wing imaginal discs affects caspase-dependent bristle patterning in an apoptosis-independent process. Such nonapoptotic functions of caspases have been implicated in inflammation, proliferation, cellular remodeling, and cell fate determination. Our data indicate an effect on the Wingless (Wg)/Wnt pathway. Previously, caspases were proposed to cleave and activate a negative regulator of Wg/Wnt signaling, Shaggy (Sgg)/GSK3β. Surprisingly, we found that a noncleavable form of Sgg encoded from the endogenous locus after CRISPR-Cas9 modification supported almost normal bristle patterning, indicating that Sgg might not be the main target of the caspase-dependent nonapoptotic process. Collectively, our results outline a new function of SWH signaling that crosstalks to caspase-dependent nonapoptotic signaling and Wg/Wnt signaling in neural precursor development, which might be implicated in neuronal pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan-Hsin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, 161 Sec 6, Minquan E. Rd, Taipei, 11490, Taiwan.
| | - Nicholas E Baker
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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Bandera A, Taramasso L, Bozzi G, Muscatello A, Robinson JA, Burdo TH, Gori A. HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Impairment in the Modern ART Era: Are We Close to Discovering Reliable Biomarkers in the Setting of Virological Suppression? Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:187. [PMID: 31427955 PMCID: PMC6687760 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the most severe forms of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is decreasing due to worldwide availability and high efficacy of antiretroviral treatment (ART). However, several grades of HIV-related cognitive impairment persist with effective ART and remain a clinical concern for people with HIV (PWH). The pathogenesis of these cognitive impairments has yet to be fully understood and probably multifactorial. In PWH with undetectable peripheral HIV-RNA, the presence of viral escapes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) might explain a proportion of cases, but not all. Many other mechanisms have been hypothesized to be involved in disease progression, in order to identify possible therapeutic targets. As potential indicators of disease staging and progression, numerous biomarkers have been used to characterize and implicate chronic inflammation in the pathogenesis of neuronal injuries, such as certain phenotypes of activated monocytes/macrophages, in the context of persistent immune activation. Despite none of them being disease-specific, the correlation of several CSF cellular biomarkers to HIV-induced neuronal damage has been investigated. Furthermore, recent studies have been evaluating specific microRNA (miRNA) profiles in the CSF of PWH with neurocognitive impairment (NCI). The aim of the present study is to review the body of evidence on different biomarkers use in research and clinical settings, focusing on PWH on ART with undetectable plasma HIV-RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Bandera
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Taramasso
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Infectious Diseases Clinic, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Policlinico Hospital San Martino, University of Genova (DISSAL), Genova, Italy
| | - Giorgio Bozzi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Muscatello
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jake A Robinson
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Tricia H Burdo
- Department of Neuroscience, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Andrea Gori
- Infectious Disease Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
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Cisternas P, Oliva CA, Torres VI, Barrera DP, Inestrosa NC. Presymptomatic Treatment With Andrographolide Improves Brain Metabolic Markers and Cognitive Behavior in a Model of Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:295. [PMID: 31379502 PMCID: PMC6657419 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. The onset and progression of this pathology are correlated with several changes in the brain, including the formation of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide and the intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In addition, dysregulated neuronal plasticity, synapse loss, and a reduction in cellular energy metabolism have also been described. Canonical Wnt signaling has also been shown to be downregulated in AD. Remarkably, we showed previously that the in vivo inhibition of Wnt signaling accelerates the appearance of AD markers in transgenic (Tg) and wild-type (WT) mice. Additionally, we found that Wnt signaling stimulates energy metabolism, which is critical for the ability of Wnt to promote the recovery of cognitive function in AD. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of canonical Wnt signaling in a presymptomatic transgenic animal model of AD would improve some symptoms. To explore the latter, we used a transgenic mouse model (J20 Tg) with mild AD phenotype expression (high levels of amyloid aggregates) and studied the effect of andrographolide (ANDRO), an activator of canonical Wnt signaling. We found that presymptomatic administration of ANDRO in J20 Tg mice prevented the reduction in cellular energy metabolism markers. Moreover, treated animals showed improvement in cognitive performance. At the synaptic level, J20 Tg animals showed severe deficiencies in presynaptic function as determined by electrophysiological parameters, all of which were completely restored to normal by ANDRO administration. Finally, an analysis of hippocampal synaptosomes by electron microscopy revealed that the length of synapses was restored with ANDRO treatment. Altogether, these data support the idea that the activation of canonical Wnt signaling during presymptomatic stages could represent an interesting pharmacological strategy to delay the onset of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina A. Oliva
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Viviana I. Torres
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela P. Barrera
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C. Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración, Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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β-catenin aggregation in models of ALS motor neurons: GSK3β inhibition effect and neuronal differentiation. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 130:104497. [PMID: 31176720 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron death. A 20% of familial ALS cases are associated with mutations in the gene coding for superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). The accumulation of abnormal aggregates of different proteins is a common feature in motor neurons of patients and transgenic ALS mice models, which are thought to contribute to disease pathogenesis. Developmental morphogens, such as the Wnt family, regulate numerous features of neuronal physiology in the adult brain and have been implicated in neurodegeneration. β-catenin is a central mediator of both, Wnt signaling activity and cell-cell interactions. We previously reported that the expression of mutant SOD1 in the NSC34 motor neuron cell line decreases basal Wnt pathway activity, which correlates with cytosolic β-catenin accumulation and impaired neuronal differentiation. In this work, we aimed a deeper characterization of β-catenin distribution in models of ALS motor neurons. We observed extensive accumulation of β-catenin supramolecular structures in motor neuron somas of pre-symptomatic mutant SOD1 mice. In cell-cell appositional zones of NSC34 cells expressing mutant SOD1, β-catenin displays a reduced co-distribution with E-cadherin accompanied by an increased association with the gap junction protein Connexin-43; these findings correlate with impaired intercellular adhesion and exacerbated cell coupling. Remarkably, pharmacological inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) in both NSC34 cell lines reverted both, β-catenin aggregation and the adverse effects of mutant SOD1 expression on neuronal differentiation. Our findings suggest that early defects in β-catenin distribution could be an underlying factor affecting the onset of neurodegeneration in familial ALS.
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36
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Guttuso T, Andrzejewski KL, Lichter DG, Andersen JK. Targeting kinases in Parkinson's disease: A mechanism shared by LRRK2, neurotrophins, exenatide, urate, nilotinib and lithium. J Neurol Sci 2019; 402:121-130. [PMID: 31129265 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several kinases have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), most notably leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), as LRRK2 mutations are the most common genetic cause of a late-onset parkinsonism that is clinically indistinguishable from sporadic PD. More recently, several other kinases have emerged as promising disease-modifying targets in PD based on both preclinical studies and clinical reports on exenatide, the urate precursor inosine, nilotinib and lithium use in PD patients. These kinases include protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinases-3β and -3α (GSK-3β and GSK-3α), c-Abelson kinase (c-Abl) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5). Activities of each of these kinases are involved either directly or indirectly in phosphorylating tau or increasing α-synuclein levels, intracellular proteins whose toxic oligomeric forms are strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. GSK-3β, GSK-3α and cdk5 are the principle kinases involved in phosphorylating tau at sites critical for the formation of tau oligomers. Exenatide analogues, urate, nilotinib and lithium have been shown to affect one or more of the above kinases, actions that can decrease the formation and increase the clearance of intraneuronal phosphorylated tau and α-synuclein. Here we review the current preclinical and clinical evidence supporting kinase-targeting agents as potential disease-modifying therapies for PD patients enriched with these therapeutic targets and incorporate LRRK2 physiology into this novel model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Guttuso
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Kelly L Andrzejewski
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - David G Lichter
- Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States of America.
| | - Julie K Andersen
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, United States of America.
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37
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Granno S, Nixon-Abell J, Berwick DC, Tosh J, Heaton G, Almudimeegh S, Nagda Z, Rain JC, Zanda M, Plagnol V, Tybulewicz VLJ, Cleverley K, Wiseman FK, Fisher EMC, Harvey K. Downregulated Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the Down syndrome hippocampus. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7322. [PMID: 31086297 PMCID: PMC6513850 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43820-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological mechanisms underlying Down syndrome (DS)/Trisomy 21, including dysregulation of essential signalling processes remain poorly understood. Combining bioinformatics with RNA and protein analysis, we identified downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of adult DS individuals with Alzheimer's disease and the 'Tc1' DS mouse model. Providing a potential underlying molecular pathway, we demonstrate that the chromosome 21 kinase DYRK1A regulates Wnt signalling via a novel bimodal mechanism. Under basal conditions, DYRK1A is a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin. Following pathway activation, however, DYRK1A exerts the opposite effect, increasing signalling activity. In summary, we identified downregulation of hippocampal Wnt/β-catenin signalling in DS, possibly mediated by a dose dependent effect of the chromosome 21-encoded kinase DYRK1A. Overall, we propose that dosage imbalance of the Hsa21 gene DYRK1A affects downstream Wnt target genes. Therefore, modulation of Wnt signalling may open unexplored avenues for DS and Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Granno
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Jonathon Nixon-Abell
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- Cell Biology Section, Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Berwick
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
- School of Health, Life and Chemical Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK6 7AA, UK
| | - Justin Tosh
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - George Heaton
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Sultan Almudimeegh
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Zenisha Nagda
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jean-Christophe Rain
- Hybrigenics Services - Fondation Jérôme Lejeune, 3-5 Impasse Reille, 75014, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Zanda
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vincent Plagnol
- UCL Genetics Institute, Darwin Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Victor L J Tybulewicz
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Rd, Kings Cross, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, W12 0NN, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Karen Cleverley
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Frances K Wiseman
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Elizabeth M C Fisher
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- London Down Syndrome Consortium (LonDownS), London, UK
| | - Kirsten Harvey
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
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Ren C, Gu X, Li H, Lei S, Wang Z, Wang J, Yin P, Zhang C, Wang F, Liu C. The role of DKK1 in Alzheimer's disease: A potential intervention point of brain damage prevention? Pharmacol Res 2019; 144:331-335. [PMID: 31042564 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dickkopf-1 (DKK1), a secretory glycoprotein discovered for 'inducing generation of head', is an endogenous inhibitor of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. It was found to be involved in many pathophysiological processes in vivo. Abnormal expression of DKK1 will alter expressions of related proteins and genes not only in canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway but also in other signaling pathways. Previous studies of DKK1 focused on its function in tumors. In recent years, a large number of studies have shown that it plays an important role in embryonic development, neural regeneration, synaptogenesis and so on. Therefore, its role in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as neurodysplasia, cognitive impairment and emotional disorder, has attracted increasing attention. At present, the role of DKK1 in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the research hot topics. This article reviewed the research progress of its role in AD in order to provide new ideas and directions for further studies on the pathogenesis and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ren
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Xinxin Gu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Huihua Li
- Zhenjiang Mental Health Center, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Shihui Lei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Peiyuan Yin
- Department of Blood Supply, Yantai Center Blood Station, Yantai 264000, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Caiyi Zhang
- Department of Emergency and Rescue Medicine, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Chunfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215004, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Petrache AL, Rajulawalla A, Shi A, Wetzel A, Saito T, Saido TC, Harvey K, Ali AB. Aberrant Excitatory-Inhibitory Synaptic Mechanisms in Entorhinal Cortex Microcircuits During the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2019; 29:1834-1850. [PMID: 30766992 PMCID: PMC6418384 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptic dysfunction is widely proposed as an initial insult leading to the neurodegeneration observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We hypothesize that the initial insult originates in the lateral entorhinal cortex (LEC) due to deficits in key interneuronal functions and synaptic signaling mechanisms, in particular, Wnt (Wingless/integrated). To investigate this hypothesis, we utilized the first knock-in mouse model of AD (AppNL-F/NL-F), expressing a mutant form of human amyloid-β (Aβ) precursor protein. This model shows an age-dependent accumulation of Aβ, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration. Prior to the typical AD pathology, we showed a decrease in canonical Wnt signaling activity first affecting the LEC in combination with synaptic hyperexcitation and severely disrupted excitatory-inhibitory inputs onto principal cells. This synaptic imbalance was consistent with a reduction in the number of parvalbumin-containing (PV) interneurons, and a reduction in the somatic inhibitory axon terminals in the LEC compared with other cortical regions. However, targeting GABAA receptors on PV cells using allosteric modulators, diazepam, zolpidem, or a nonbenzodiazepine, L-838,417 (modulator of α2/3 subunit-containing GABAA receptors), restored the excitatory-inhibitory imbalance observed at principal cells in the LEC. These data support our hypothesis, providing a rationale for targeting the synaptic imbalance in the LEC for early stage therapeutic intervention to prevent neurodegeneration in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anqi Shi
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Wetzel
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Takashi Saito
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Kirsten Harvey
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Afia B Ali
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
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Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Governs a Full Program for Dopaminergic Neuron Survival, Neurorescue and Regeneration in the MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123743. [PMID: 30477246 PMCID: PMC6321180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) integration site (Wnt) signaling is one of the most critical pathways in developing and adult tissues. In the brain, Wnt signaling contributes to different neurodevelopmental aspects ranging from differentiation to axonal extension, synapse formation, neurogenesis, and neuroprotection. Canonical Wnt signaling is mediated mainly by the multifunctional β-catenin protein which is a potent co-activator of transcription factors such as lymphoid enhancer factor (LEF) and T-cell factor (TCF). Accumulating evidence points to dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in major neurodegenerative disorders. This review highlights a Wnt/β-catenin/glial connection in Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by the selective death of midbrain dopaminergic (mDAergic) neuronal cell bodies in the subtantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and gliosis. Major findings of the last decade document that Wnt/β-catenin signaling in partnership with glial cells is critically involved in each step and at every level in the regulation of nigrostriatal DAergic neuronal health, protection, and regeneration in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD, focusing on Wnt/β-catenin signaling to boost a full neurorestorative program in PD.
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41
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Levels of Par-1 kinase determine the localization of Bruchpilot at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction synapses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16099. [PMID: 30382129 PMCID: PMC6208417 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional synaptic networks are compromised in many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases. While the mechanisms of axonal transport and localization of synaptic vesicles and mitochondria are relatively well studied, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate the localization of proteins that localize to active zones. Recent finding suggests that mechanisms involved in transporting proteins destined to active zones are distinct from those that transport synaptic vesicles or mitochondria. Here we report that localization of BRP-an essential active zone scaffolding protein in Drosophila, depends on the precise balance of neuronal Par-1 kinase. Disruption of Par-1 levels leads to excess accumulation of BRP in axons at the expense of BRP at active zones. Temporal analyses demonstrate that accumulation of BRP within axons precedes the loss of synaptic function and its depletion from the active zones. Mechanistically, we find that Par-1 co-localizes with BRP and is present in the same molecular complex, raising the possibility of a novel mechanism for selective localization of BRP-like active zone scaffolding proteins. Taken together, these data suggest an intriguing possibility that mislocalization of active zone proteins like BRP might be one of the earliest signs of synapse perturbation and perhaps, synaptic networks that precede many neurological disorders.
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Buechler J, Salinas PC. Deficient Wnt Signaling and Synaptic Vulnerability in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Roles for the LRP6 Receptor. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2018; 10:38. [PMID: 30425633 PMCID: PMC6218458 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2018.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse dysfunction and loss represent critical early events in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While extensive research has elucidated the direct synaptotoxic effects of Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers, less is known about how signaling pathways at the synapse are affected by Aβ. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying synaptic vulnerability in AD is key to illuminating the determinants of AD susceptibility and will unveil novel therapeutic avenues. Canonical Wnt signaling through the Wnt co-receptor LRP6 has a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections in the adult brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that deficient Wnt signaling may contribute to AD pathology. In particular, LRP6 deficiency compromises synaptic function and stability, and contributes to Aß production and plaque formation. Here, we review the role of Wnt signaling for synaptic maintenance in the adult brain and the contribution of aberrant Wnt signaling to synaptic degeneration in AD. We place a focus on emerging evidence implicating the LRP6 receptor as an important modulator of AD risk and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Buechler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia C Salinas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Zhu L, Jones C. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway stimulates herpes simplex virus 1 productive infection. Virus Res 2018; 256:29-37. [PMID: 30077727 PMCID: PMC6261341 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ability of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) to replicate efficiently in differentiated cells is regulated by cellular factors that stimulate viral gene expression, cell survival, and viral morphogenesis. Activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway generally increases β-catenin protein levels, cell survival, and growth in dividing cells suggesting this important signaling pathway regulates productive infection. In this study, we demonstrated that a β-catenin specific small molecule inhibitor (iCRT14) reduced HSV-1 titers approximately 10-fold in primary human lung fibroblasts and Vero cells. Furthermore, β-catenin dependent transcription was increased at late times after infection and as expected iCRT14 reduced β-catenin dependent transcription. Although HSV-1 infection increased β-catenin steady state protein levels approximately 4-fold in Vero cells, there was only a nominal increase in human lung fibroblasts. We hypothesized that VP16 regulates β-catenin dependent transcription because VP16 is a viral regulatory protein expressed at late times after infection. In the absence of other viral proteins, VP16 increased β-catenin dependent transcription and β-catenin steady state protein levels. Collectively, these studies suggested the cellular transcription factor β-catenin stimulates productive infection, in part because VP16 enhances β-catenin dependent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqian Zhu
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States; Yangzhou University, College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation, Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, 48 Wenhui East Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University, Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, OK, 74078, United States.
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Robbins JP, Perfect L, Ribe EM, Maresca M, Dangla-Valls A, Foster EM, Killick R, Nowosiad P, Reid MJ, Polit LD, Nevado AJ, Ebner D, Bohlooly-Y M, Buckley N, Pangalos MN, Price J, Lovestone S. Clusterin Is Required for β-Amyloid Toxicity in Human iPSC-Derived Neurons. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:504. [PMID: 30090055 PMCID: PMC6068261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular processes underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still limited, hindering the development of effective treatments, and highlighting the need for human-specific models. Advances in identifying components of the amyloid cascade are progressing, including the role of the protein clusterin in mediating β-amyloid (Aβ) toxicity. Mutations in the clusterin gene (CLU), a major genetic AD risk factor, are known to have important roles in Aβ processing. Here we investigate how CLU mediates Aβ-driven neurodegeneration in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. We generated a novel CLU-knockout iPSC line by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to investigate Aβ-mediated neurodegeneration in cortical neurons differentiated from wild type and CLU knockout iPSCs. We measured response to Aβ using an imaging assay and measured changes in gene expression using qPCR and RNA sequencing. In wild type neurons imaging indicated that neuronal processes degenerate following treatment with Aβ25-35 peptides and Aβ1-42 oligomers, in a dose dependent manner, and that intracellular levels of clusterin are increased following Aβ treatment. However, in CLU knockout neurons Aβ exposure did not affect neurite length, suggesting that clusterin is an important component of the amyloid cascade. Transcriptomic data were analyzed to elucidate the pathways responsible for the altered response to Aβ in neurons with the CLU deletion. Four of the five genes previously identified as downstream to Aβ and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) proteins in an Aβ-driven neurotoxic pathway in rodent cells were also dysregulated in human neurons with the CLU deletion. AD and lysosome pathways were the most significantly dysregulated pathways in the CLU knockout neurons, and pathways relating to cytoskeletal processes were most dysregulated in Aβ treated neurons. The absence of neurodegeneration in the CLU knockout neurons in response to Aβ compared to the wild type neurons supports the role of clusterin in Aβ-mediated AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leo Perfect
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elena M Ribe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marcello Maresca
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | | | - Richard Killick
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Nowosiad
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew J Reid
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucia Dutan Polit
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alejo J Nevado
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Bohlooly-Y
- Translational Genomics, Discovery Sciences, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Noel Buckley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Menelas N Pangalos
- Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jack Price
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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45
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Shi Y, Li Q, Shao Z. Wnts Promote Synaptic Assembly Through T-Cell Specific Transcription Factors in Caenorhabditis elegans. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:194. [PMID: 29962933 PMCID: PMC6013564 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapses are specialized neuronal connections essential for neuronal function. Defects in synaptic assembly or maintenance usually lead to various neurological disorders. Synaptic assembly is regulated by secreted molecules such as Wnts. Wnts are a large family of conserved glycosylated signaling molecules involved in many aspects of neural development and maintenance. However, the molecular mechanisms by which Wnts regulate synaptic assembly remain elusive due to the large number of ligands/receptors, the diversity of signaling cascades and the complexity of the nervous system. In this study, through genetic manipulation, we uncover that C. elegans Wnt-2 (CWN-2) is required for synaptic development. The CWN-2 signal is required during both embryonic and postembryonic development, in the nervous system and intestine, for promoting synaptic assembly. Furthermore, we provide genetic evidence for CWN-2 promoting synaptogenesis through the Frizzled receptor (FZD) CFZ-2, the Dishevelled (DVL) DSH-2, the β-catenin SYS-1 and the only T-cell specific transcription factor POP-1/TCF. Importantly, it is the first time to report the requirement of a TCF for presynaptic assembly. These findings expand our understanding of the synaptogenic mechanisms and may provide therapeutic insights into Wnt-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Shi
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Shao
- Department of Neurology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Institutes of Brain Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Workman A, Zhu L, Keel BN, Smith TPL, Jones C. The Wnt Signaling Pathway Is Differentially Expressed during the Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Latency-Reactivation Cycle: Evidence That Two Protein Kinases Associated with Neuronal Survival, Akt3 and BMPR2, Are Expressed at Higher Levels during Latency. J Virol 2018; 92:e01937-17. [PMID: 29321317 PMCID: PMC5972910 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01937-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensory neurons in trigeminal ganglia (TG) of calves latently infected with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) abundantly express latency-related (LR) gene products, including a protein (ORF2) and two micro-RNAs. Recent studies in mouse neuroblastoma cells (Neuro-2A) demonstrated ORF2 interacts with β-catenin and a β-catenin coactivator, high-mobility group AT-hook 1 (HMGA1) protein, which correlates with increased β-catenin-dependent transcription and cell survival. β-Catenin and HMGA1 are readily detected in a subset of latently infected TG neurons but not TG neurons from uninfected calves or reactivation from latency. Consequently, we hypothesized that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is differentially expressed during the latency and reactivation cycle and an active Wnt pathway promotes latency. RNA-sequencing studies revealed that 102 genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were differentially expressed in TG during the latency-reactivation cycle in calves. Wnt agonists were generally expressed at higher levels during latency, but these levels decreased during dexamethasone-induced reactivation. The Wnt agonist bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) was intriguing because it encodes a serine/threonine receptor kinase that promotes neuronal differentiation and inhibits cell death. Another differentially expressed gene encodes a protein kinase (Akt3), which is significant because Akt activity enhances cell survival and is linked to herpes simplex virus 1 latency and neuronal survival. Additional studies demonstrated ORF2 increased Akt3 steady-state protein levels and interacted with Akt3 in transfected Neuro-2A cells, which correlated with Akt3 activation. Conversely, expression of Wnt antagonists increased during reactivation from latency. Collectively, these studies suggest Wnt signaling cooperates with LR gene products, in particular ORF2, to promote latency.IMPORTANCE Lifelong BoHV-1 latency primarily occurs in sensory neurons. The synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone consistently induces reactivation from latency in calves. RNA sequencing studies revealed 102 genes associated with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway are differentially regulated during the latency-reactivation cycle. Two protein kinases associated with the Wnt pathway, Akt3 and BMPR2, were expressed at higher levels during latency but were repressed during reactivation. Furthermore, five genes encoding soluble Wnt antagonists and β-catenin-dependent transcription inhibitors were induced during reactivation from latency. These findings are important because Wnt, BMPR2, and Akt3 promote neurogenesis and cell survival, processes crucial for lifelong viral latency. In transfected neuroblastoma cells, a viral protein expressed during latency (ORF2) interacts with and enhances Akt3 protein kinase activity. These findings provide insight into how cellular factors associated with the Wnt signaling pathway cooperate with LR gene products to regulate the BoHV-1 latency-reactivation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aspen Workman
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Liqian Zhu
- Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Brittney N Keel
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Timothy P L Smith
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, Nebraska, USA
| | - Clinton Jones
- Oklahoma State University Center for Veterinary Health Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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47
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Ross SP, Baker KE, Fisher A, Hoff L, Pak ES, Murashov AK. miRNA-431 Prevents Amyloid-β-Induced Synapse Loss in Neuronal Cell Culture Model of Alzheimer's Disease by Silencing Kremen1. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:87. [PMID: 29643768 PMCID: PMC5883862 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss is well regarded as the underlying cause for the progressive decline of memory function over the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD) development. Recent observations suggest that the accumulation of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1) in the AD brain plays a critical role in triggering synaptic degeneration. Mechanistically, Dkk1 cooperates with Kremen1 (Krm1), its transmembrane receptor, to block the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Here, we show that silencing Krm1 with miR-431 prevents amyloid-β-mediated synapse loss in cortico-hippocampal cultures isolated from triple transgenic 3xTg-AD mice. Exposure to AβDDL (an amyloid-β derived diffusive ligand) or Dkk1 reduced the number of pre- and post-synaptic puncta in primary neuronal cultures, while treatment with miR-431 prevented synapse loss. In addition, treatment with miR-431 also prevented neurite degeneration. Our findings demonstrate that miR-431 protects synapses and neurites from Aβ-toxicity in an AD cell culture model and may be a promising therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Ross
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Kelly E Baker
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Amanda Fisher
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Lee Hoff
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Elena S Pak
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
| | - Alexander K Murashov
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States
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48
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Wei X, Gong J, Ma J, Zhang T, Li Y, Lan T, Guo P, Qi S. Targeting the Dvl-1/β-arrestin2/JNK3 interaction disrupts Wnt5a-JNK3 signaling and protects hippocampal CA1 neurons during cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Neuropharmacology 2018; 135:11-21. [PMID: 29510185 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that Wnt5a activation plays a pivotal role in brain injury and β-arrestin2 induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK3) activation is involved in neuronal cell death. Nonetheless, the relationship between Wnt5a and JNK3 remains unexplored during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that Wnt5a-mediated JNK3 activation via the Wnt5a-Dvl-1-β-arrestin2-JNK3 signaling pathway was correlated with I/R brain injury. We found that cerebral I/R could enhance the assembly of the Dvl-1-β-arrestin2-JNK3 signaling module, Dvl-1 phosphorylation and JNK3 activation. Activated JNK3 could phosphorylate the transcription factor c-Jun, prompt caspase-3 activation and ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. To further explore specifically Wnt5a mediated JNK3 pathway activation in neuronal injury, we used Foxy-5 (a peptide that mimics the effects of Wnt5a) and Box5 (a Wnt5a antagonist) both in vitro and in vivo. AS-β-arrestin2 (an antisense oligonucleotide against β-arrestin2) and RRSLHL (a small peptide that competes with β-arrestin2 for binding to JNK3) were applied to confirm the positive signal transduction effect of the Dvl-1-β-arrestin2-JNK3 signaling module during cerebral I/R. Furthermore, Box5 and the RRSLHL peptide were found to play protective roles in neuronal death both in vivo global and focal cerebral I/R rat models and in vitro oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) neural cells. In summary, our results indicate that Wnt5a-mediated JNK3 activation participates in I/R brain injury by targeting the Dvl-1-β-arrestin2/JNK3 interaction. Our results also point to the possibility that disrupting Wnt5a-JNK3 signaling pathway may provide a new approach for stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Wei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Municipal Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, 221002, China
| | - JuanJuan Gong
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Juyun Ma
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Taiyu Zhang
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Yihang Li
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Ting Lan
- School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Peng Guo
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China
| | - Suhua Qi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Brain Disease Bioinformation, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China; School of Medical Technology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221002, PR China.
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49
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Gunn‐Moore D, Kaidanovich‐Beilin O, Iradi MCG, Gunn‐Moore F, Lovestone S. Alzheimer's disease in humans and other animals: A consequence of postreproductive life span and longevity rather than aging. Alzheimers Dement 2017; 14:195-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danièlle Gunn‐Moore
- University of Edinburgh Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin Institute Easter Bush Campus Roslin UK
| | | | - María Carolina Gallego Iradi
- University of Florida, College of Medicine Department of Neuroscience, Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases Gainesville FL USA
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50
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Zhou L, Chen D, Huang XM, Long F, Cai H, Yao WX, Chen ZC, Liao ZJ, Deng ZZ, Tan S, Shan YL, Cai W, Wang YG, Yang RH, Jiang N, Peng T, Hong MF, Lu ZQ. Wnt5a Promotes Cortical Neuron Survival by Inhibiting Cell-Cycle Activation. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:281. [PMID: 29033786 PMCID: PMC5626855 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β-Amyloid protein (Aβ) is thought to cause neuronal loss in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Aβ treatment promotes the re-activation of a mitotic cycle and induces rapid apoptotic death of neurons. However, the signaling pathways mediating cell-cycle activation during neuron apoptosis have not been determined. We find that Wnt5a acts as a mediator of cortical neuron survival, and Aβ42 promotes cortical neuron apoptosis by downregulating the expression of Wnt5a. Cell-cycle activation is mediated by the reduced inhibitory effect of Wnt5a in Aβ42 treated cortical neurons. Furthermore, Wnt5a signals through the non-canonical Wnt/Ca2+ pathway to suppress cyclin D1 expression and negatively regulate neuronal cell-cycle activation in a cell-autonomous manner. Together, aberrant downregulation of Wnt5a signaling is a crucial step during Aβ42 induced cortical neuron apoptosis and might contribute to AD-related neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Di Chen
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu-Ming Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Long
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Cai
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Xia Yao
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Cheng Chen
- Department of Laboratory, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Zhe-Zhi Deng
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Tan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Long Shan
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ge Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ri-Hong Yang
- Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute of Immunology, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming-Fan Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Clinical Medicine of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Lu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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