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Zhao Y, Li X, Yu W, Lin W, Wei W, Zhang L, Liu D, Ma H, Chen J. Differential expression of ADRB1 causes different responses to norepinephrine in adipocytes of Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire pigs and min pigs. J Therm Biol 2024; 123:103906. [PMID: 38970835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that pigs from different regions exhibit varying responses to cold stimuli. Typically, cold stimuli induce browning of white adipose tissue mediated by adrenaline, promoting non-shivering thermogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying differential response of pig breeds to norepinephrine are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the differences and molecular mechanisms of the effects of norepinephrine (NE) treatment on adipocytes of Min pigs (a cold-resistant pig breed) and Duroc-Landrace-Yorkshire (DLY) pigs. Real time-qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence were performed following NE treatment on cell cultures of adipocytes originating from Min pigs (n = 3) and DLY pigs (n = 3) to assess the expressions of adipogenesis markers, beige fat markers, and mitochondrial biogenesis markers. The results showed that NE did not affect browning of adipocytes in DLY pigs, whereas promoted browning of adipocytes in Min pigs. Further, the expression of ADRB1 (Adrenoceptor Beta 1, ADRB1) was higher in subcutaneous adipose tissue and adipocytes of Min pigs than those of DLY pigs. Overexpression of ADRB1 in DLY pig adipocytes enhanced sensitivity to NE, exhibiting decreased adipogenesis markers, upregulated beige fat markers, and increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Conversely, adipocytes treated with ADRB1 antagonist in Min pigs resulted in decreased cellular sensitivity to NE. Further studies revealed differential CpG island methylation in ADRB1 promoter region, with lower methylation levels in Min pigs compared to DLY pigs. In conclusion, differential methylation of the ADRB1 promoter region leads to different ADRB1 expression, resulting in varying responsiveness to NE in adipocytes of two pig breeds. Our results provide new insights for further analysis of the differential cold responsiveness in pig breeds from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuelei Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuexin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wensai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbi, 150086, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Research, HeiLongJiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbi, 150086, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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2
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Yang S, Liu Y, Wu X, Zhu R, Sun Y, Zou S, Zhang D, Yang X. Molecular Regulation of Thermogenic Mechanisms in Beige Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6303. [PMID: 38928011 PMCID: PMC11203837 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is conventionally recognized as a metabolic organ responsible for storing energy. However, a proportion of adipose tissue also functions as a thermogenic organ, contributing to the inhibition of weight gain and prevention of metabolic diseases. In recent years, there has been significant progress in the study of thermogenic fats, particularly brown adipose tissue (BAT). Despite this progress, the mechanism underlying thermogenesis in beige adipose tissue remains highly controversial. It is widely acknowledged that beige adipose tissue has three additional thermogenic mechanisms in addition to the conventional UCP1-dependent thermogenesis: Ca2+ cycling thermogenesis, creatine substrate cycling thermogenesis, and triacylglycerol/fatty acid cycling thermogenesis. This paper delves into these three mechanisms and reviews the latest advancements in the molecular regulation of thermogenesis from the molecular genetic perspective. The objective of this review is to provide readers with a foundation of knowledge regarding the beige fats and a foundation for future research into the mechanisms of this process, which may lead to the development of new strategies for maintaining human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yingke Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Xiaoxu Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rongru Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Yuanlu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shuoya Zou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
| | - Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (S.Y.); (Y.L.); (X.W.); (R.Z.); (Y.S.); (S.Z.)
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Guo Z, Lv L, Liu D, Ma H, Wang L, Fu B, Wang F. Network Meta-Analysis: Effect of Cold Stress on the Gene Expression of Swine Adipocytes ATGL, CIDEA, UCP2, and UCP3. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:3866-3876. [PMID: 38785508 PMCID: PMC11120183 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Cold stress significantly affects gene expression in adipocytes; studying this phenomenon can help reveal the pathogeneses of conditions such as obesity and insulin resistance. Adipocyte triglyceride lipase (ATGL); cell death-inducing deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation factor subunit alpha (DFFA)-like effector (CIDEA); and uncoupling protein genes UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 are the most studied genes in pig adipose tissues under cold stress. However, contradictory results have been observed in gene expression changes to UCP3 and UCP2 when adipose tissues under cold stress were examined. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of 32 publications in total on the effect of cold stress on the expression of ATGL, CIDEA, UCP2, and UCP3. Our results showed that cold stress affected the expression of swine adipocyte genes; specifically, it was positively correlated with the expression of UCP3 in swine adipocytes. Conversely, expression of ATGL was negatively affected under cold stress conditions. In addition, the loss of functional UCP1 in pigs likely triggered a compensatory increase in UCP3 activity. We also simulated the docking results of UCP2 and UCP3. Our results showed that UCP2 could strongly bind to adenosine triphosphate (ATP), meaning that UCP3 played a more significant role in pig adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Wood Science Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, No. 134 Haping Road, Harbin 150080, China
| | - Di Liu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, No. 368 Xuefu Road, Harbin 150086, China
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4
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Kim S, Yazawa T, Koide A, Yoneda E, Aoki R, Okazaki T, Tomita K, Watanabe H, Muroi Y, Testuka M, Muranishi Y. Potential Role of Pig UCP3 in Modulating Adipocyte Browning via the Beta-Adrenergic Receptor Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:284. [PMID: 38785767 PMCID: PMC11117546 DOI: 10.3390/biology13050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in regulating body temperature and metabolism, with white adipocytes serving as storage units for energy. Recent research focused on the browning of white adipocytes (beige adipocytes), causing thermogenesis and lipolysis. The process of browning is linked to the activation of uncoupling protein (UCP) expression, which can be mediated by the β3 adrenergic receptor pathway. Transcriptional factors, such as peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha, play vital roles in cell fate determination for fat cells. Beige adipocytes have metabolic therapeutic potential to combat diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia, owing to their significant impact on metabolic functions. However, the molecular mechanisms that cause the induction of browning are unclear. Therefore, research using animal models and primary culture is essential to provide an understanding of browning for further application in human metabolic studies. Pigs have physiological similarities to humans; hence, they are valuable models for research on adipose tissue. This study demonstrates the browning potential of pig white adipocytes through primary culture experiments. The results show that upregulation of UCP3 gene expression and fragmentation of lipid droplets into smaller particles occur due to isoproterenol stimulation, which activates beta-adrenergic receptor signaling. Furthermore, PPARγ and PGC-1α were found to activate the UCP3 promoter region, similar to that of UCP1. These findings suggest that pigs undergo metabolic changes that induce browning in white adipocytes, providing a promising approach for metabolic research with potential implications for human health. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanism of adipocyte browning using pig primary culture that can enhance our understanding of human metabolism, leading to cures for commonly occurring diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Kim
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Takashi Yazawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa 078-8510, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Akari Koide
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Erina Yoneda
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Risa Aoki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Tatsuki Okazaki
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Kisaki Tomita
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshikage Muroi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Masafumi Testuka
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Yuki Muranishi
- School of Agriculture and Animal Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Hokkaido, Japan (E.Y.); (R.A.); (T.O.); (K.T.); (H.W.); (Y.M.); (M.T.)
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Yang S, Ma H, Wang L, Wang F, Xia J, Liu D, Mu L, Yang X, Liu D. The Role of β3-Adrenergic Receptors in Cold-Induced Beige Adipocyte Production in Pigs. Cells 2024; 13:709. [PMID: 38667324 PMCID: PMC11049327 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
After exposure to cold stress, animals enhance the production of beige adipocytes and expedite thermogenesis, leading to improved metabolic health. Although brown adipose tissue in rodents is primarily induced by β3-adrenergic receptor (ADRB3) stimulation, the activation of major β-adrenergic receptors (ADRBs) in pigs has been a topic of debate. To address this, we developed overexpression vectors for ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3 and silenced the expression of these receptors to observe their effects on the adipogenic differentiation stages of porcine preadipocytes. Our investigation revealed that cold stress triggers the transformation of subcutaneous white adipose tissue to beige adipose tissue in pigs by modulating adrenergic receptor levels. Meanwhile, we found that ADRB3 promotes the transformation of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes. Notably, ADRB3 enhances the expression of beige adipose tissue marker genes, consequently influencing cellular respiration and metabolism by regulating lipolysis and mitochondrial expression. Therefore, ADRB3 may serve as a pivotal gene in animal husbandry and contribute to the improvement of cold intolerance in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiqiao Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Dongyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China
| | - Linlin Mu
- Institute of Forage and Grassland Sciences, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiuqin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
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6
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Chen C, Zhang L, Wang J, Yang C, Wu T, Yang S, Tao C, Wang Y. Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 Enhances Porcine Beige Adipogenesis via AKT/mTOR and MAPK Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3915. [PMID: 38612723 PMCID: PMC11012093 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) has been reported to regulate adipogenesis, but its role in porcine beige adipocyte formation remains unclear. Our data reveal that BMP2 is significantly induced at the early stages of porcine beige adipocyte differentiation. Additionally, supplementing rhBMP2 during the early stages, but not the late stages of differentiation, significantly enhances porcine SVF adipogenesis, thermogenesis, and proliferation. Furthermore, compared to the empty plasmid-transfected-SVFs, BMP2-overexpressed SVFs had the enhanced lipid accumulation and thermogenesis, while knockdown of BMP2 in SVFs exhibited the opposite effect. The RNA-seq of the above three types of cells revealed the enrichment of the annotation of thermogenesis, brown cell differentiation, etc. In addition, the analysis also highlights the significant enrichment of cell adhesion, the MAPK cascade, and PPARγ signaling. Mechanistically, BMP2 positively regulates the adipogenic and thermogenic capacities of porcine beige adipocytes by activating PPARγ expression through AKT/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yao Jiang
- National Animal Husbandry Service, Beijing 100125, China;
| | - Chuanhe Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Jiahao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Chunhuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tianwen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China; (J.L.); (C.C.); (L.Z.); (J.W.); (C.Y.); (T.W.); (S.Y.)
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7
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Passols M, Llobet-Cabau F, Sebastià C, Castelló A, Valdés-Hernández J, Criado-Mesas L, Sánchez A, Folch JM. Identification of genomic regions, genetic variants and gene networks regulating candidate genes for lipid metabolism in pig muscle. Animal 2023; 17:101033. [PMID: 38064855 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2023.101033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The intramuscular fat content and fatty acid composition of porcine meat have a significant impact on its quality and nutritional value. This research aimed to investigate the expression of 45 genes involved in lipid metabolism in the longissimus dorsi muscle of three experimental pig backcrosses, with a 25% of Iberian background. To achieve this objective, we conducted an expression Genome-Wide Association Study (eGWAS) using gene expression levels in muscle measured by high-throughput real-time qPCR for 45 target genes and genotypes from the PorcineSNP60 BeadChip or Axiom Porcine Genotyping Array and 65 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in 20 genes genotyped by a custom-designed Taqman OpenArray in a cohort of 354 animals. The eGWAS analysis identified 301 eSNPs associated with 18 candidate genes (ANK2, APOE, ARNT, CIITA, CPT1A, EGF, ELOVL6, ELOVL7, FADS3, FASN, GPAT3, NR1D2, NR1H2, PLIN1, PPAP2A, RORA, RXRA and UCP3). Three cis-eQTL (expression quantitative trait loci) were identified for GPAT3, RXRA, and UCP3 genes, which indicates that a genetic polymorphism proximal to the same gene is affecting its expression. Furthermore, 24 trans-eQTLs were detected, and eight candidate regulatory genes were located in these genomic regions. Additionally, two trans-regulatory hotspots in Sus scrofa chromosomes 13 and 15 were identified. Moreover, a co-expression analysis performed on 89 candidate genes and the fatty acid composition revealed the regulatory role of four genes (FABP5, PPARG, SCD, and SREBF1). These genes modulate the levels of α-linolenic, arachidonic, and oleic acids, as well as regulating the expression of other candidate genes associated with lipid metabolism. The findings of this study offer novel insights into the functional regulatory mechanism of genes involved in lipid metabolism, thereby enhancing our understanding of this complex biological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Passols
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España.
| | - F Llobet-Cabau
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - C Sebastià
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - A Castelló
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - J Valdés-Hernández
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - L Criado-Mesas
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España
| | - A Sánchez
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
| | - J M Folch
- Plant and Animal Genomics, Centre for Research in Agrigenomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, España; Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra, España
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8
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You Z, Wang J, Li F, Hei W, Li M, Guo X, Gao P, Cao G, Cai C, Li B. Uncoupling Protein 3 Promotes the Myogenic Differentiation of Type IIb Myotubes in C2C12 Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2049. [PMID: 38002992 PMCID: PMC10671304 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3) is an important transporter within mitochondria and is mainly expressed in skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue and the myocardium. However, the effects of Ucp3 on myogenic differentiation are still unclear. This study evaluated the effects of Ucp3 on myogenic differentiation, myofiber type and energy metabolism in C2C12 cells. Gain- and loss-of-function studies revealed that Ucp3 could increase the number of myotubes and promote the myogenic differentiation of C2C12 cells. Furthermore, Ucp3 promoted the expression of the type IIb myofiber marker gene myosin heavy chain 4 (Myh4) and decreased the expression of the type I myofiber marker gene myosin heavy chain 7 (Myh7). In addition, energy metabolism related to the expression of PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (Pgc1-α), ATP synthase, H+ transportation, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 (Atp5a1), lactate dehydrogenase A (Ldha) and lactate dehydrogenase B (Ldhb) increased with Ucp3 overexpression. Ucp3 could promote the myogenic differentiation of type IIb myotubes and accelerate energy metabolism in C2C12 cells. This study can provide the theoretical basis for understanding the role of Ucp3 in energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei You
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Jieyu Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Faliang Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Wei Hei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, 1 Mingxian Nanlu, Jinzhong 030801, China; (Z.Y.); (J.W.); (F.L.); (W.H.); (M.L.); (X.G.); (P.G.); (G.C.)
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9
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Li W, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Zhao N, Zhang W, Shi M, Zhao Y, Cai C, Lu C, Gao P, Guo X, Li B, Kim SW, Yang Y, Cao G. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Potential Genes of Skeletal Muscle Thermogenesis in Mashen Pigs and Large White Pigs under Cold Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15534. [PMID: 37958518 PMCID: PMC10650474 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are susceptible to cold stress due to the absence of brown fat caused by the partial deletion of uncoupling protein 1 during their evolution. Some local pig breeds in China exhibit potential cold adaptability, but research has primarily focused on fat and intestinal tissues. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, yet the molecular mechanism of cold adaptation in porcine skeletal muscle remains poorly understood. This study investigated the cold adaptability of two pig breeds, Mashen pigs (MS) and Large White pigs (LW), in a four-day cold (4 °C) or normal temperature (25 °C) environment. We recorded phenotypic changes and collected blood and longissimus dorsi muscle for transcriptome sequencing. Finally, the PRSS8 gene was randomly selected for functional exploration in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells. A decrease in body temperature and body weight in both LW and MS pigs under cold stress, accompanied by increased shivering frequency and respiratory frequency, were observed. However, the MS pigs demonstrated stable physiological homeostasis, indicating a certain level of cold adaptability. The LW pigs primarily responded to cold stress by regulating their heat production and glycolipid energy metabolism. The MS pigs exhibited a distinct response to cold stress, involving the regulation of heat production, energy metabolism pathways, and robust mitochondrial activity, as well as a stronger immune response. Furthermore, the functional exploration of PRSS8 in porcine skeletal muscle satellite cells revealed that it affected cellular energy metabolism and thermogenesis by regulating ERK phosphorylation. These findings shed light on the diverse transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle in LW and MS pigs under cold stress, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying cold adaptation in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxia Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yufen Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Ning Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Wanfeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Mingyue Shi
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Chunbo Cai
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Chang Lu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Pengfei Gao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Xiaohong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Bugao Li
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
| | - Guoqing Cao
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China; (W.L.)
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10
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Yang C, Cao C, Liu J, Zhao Y, Pan J, Tao C, Wang Y. Distinct Transcriptional Responses of Skeletal Muscle to Short-Term Cold Exposure in Tibetan Pigs and Bama Pigs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087431. [PMID: 37108597 PMCID: PMC10139196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Piglets are susceptible to cold, and piglet death caused by cold stress leads to economic losses in the pig industry in cold areas. Skeletal muscle plays a key role in adaptive thermogenesis in mammals, but the related mechanism in pigs is unclear. In this study, cold-tolerant Tibetan pigs and cold-sensitive Bama pigs were subjected to either a cold environment (4 °C) or a room temperature environment (25 °C) for 3 days. The biceps femoris (BF) and longissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) were collected for phenotypic analysis, and the BF was used for genome-wide transcriptional profiling. Our results showed that Tibetan pigs had a higher body temperature than Bama pigs upon cold stimulation. RNA-seq data indicated a stronger transcriptional response in the skeletal muscle of Tibetan pigs upon cold stimulation, as more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified with the same criteria (p < 0.05 and fold change > 2). In addition, distinct pathway signaling patterns in skeletal muscle upon cold exposure were found between the breeds of pigs. Mitochondrial beta-oxidation-related genes and pathways were significantly upregulated in Tibetan pigs, indicating that Tibetan pigs may use fatty acids as the primary fuel source to protect against cold. However, the significant upregulation of inflammatory response- and glycolysis-related genes and pathways in the skeletal muscle of Bama pigs suggested that these pigs may use glucose as the primary fuel source in cold environments. Together, our study revealed the distinct transcriptional responses of skeletal muscle to cold stimulation in Tibetan pigs and Bama pigs and provided novel insights for future investigation of the cold adaptation mechanism in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhuai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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11
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Pan J, Chui L, Liu T, Zheng Q, Liu X, Liu L, Zhao Y, Zhang L, Song M, Han J, Huang J, Tang C, Tao C, Zhao J, Wang Y. Fecal Microbiota Was Reshaped in UCP1 Knock-In Pigs via the Adipose-Liver-Gut Axis and Contributed to Less Fat Deposition. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0354022. [PMID: 36688695 PMCID: PMC9927592 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03540-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between the host gut microbiota and obesity has been well documented in humans and mice; however, few studies reported the association between the gut microbiota and fat deposition in pigs. In a previous study, we generated uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) knock-in pigs (UCP1 pigs), which exhibited a lower fat deposition phenotype. Whether the gut microbiota was reshaped in these pigs and whether the reshaped gut microbiota contributes to the lower fat content remain unknown. Here, we revealed that the fecal microbiota composition and metabolites were significantly altered under both chow diet (CD) and high-fat/high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet conditions in UCP1 pigs compared to those in wild-type (WT) pigs. The abundance of Oscillospira and Coprococcus and the level of metabolite hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) from feces were observed to be significantly increased in UCP1 pigs. An association analysis revealed that Oscillospira and Coprococcus were significantly negatively related to backfat thickness. In addition, after fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the mice that were orally gavaged with feces from UCP1 pigs exhibited less fat deposition under both CD and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions, suggesting that the fecal microbes of UCP1 pigs participate in regulating host lipid metabolism. Consistently, HDCA-treated mice also exhibited reduced fat content. Mechanistically, we found that UCP1 expression in white adipose tissue alters the gut microbiota via the adipose-liver-gut axis in pigs. Our study provides new data concerning the cross talk between host genetic variations and the gut microbiota and paves the way for the potential application of microbes or their metabolites in the regulation of fat deposition in pigs. IMPORTANCE This article investigated the effect of the ectopic expression of UCP1 on the regulation of fecal microbiota composition and metabolites and which alters the fat deposition phenotype. Bacteria, including Oscillospira and Coprococcus, and the metabolite HDCA were found to be significantly increased in feces of UCP1 pigs and had a negative relationship with backfat thickness. Mice with fecal microbiota transplantation phenocopied the UCP1 pigs under both CD and HFD conditions, suggesting that the fecal microbes of UCP1 pigs participate in regulating host lipid metabolism. Our study provides new data regarding the cross talk between host genetic variations and the gut microbiota and paves the way for the potential application of microbes or their metabolic production in the regulation of fat deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Linya Chui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tianxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuexue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lilan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Jianlin Han
- CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
- Livestock Genetics Program, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jiaojiao Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chaohua Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Guo Z, Lv L, Liu D, Ma H, Radovic C. A meta-analysis: Effect of androgens on reproduction in sows. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1094466. [PMID: 36843577 PMCID: PMC9950266 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1094466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mechanisms by which male hormones affect the development of ovaries and follicles has been studied by injecting exogenous androgens into sows. This may provide a reference for human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and can also provide guidance for improving the litter size of sows. METHODS We present a meta-analysis of studies published in the past 30 years on the effect of androgens on the ovulation rate of sows. A total of 517 papers were analyzed. RESULTS The results showed that both testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) injected into sows were positively related to the ovulation rate. T did not have a relevant effect on swine in vivo blastocyst survival rate. DHT had a negative phase with respect to blastocyst survival rate. Pig T-androgen receiver affinity was higher than the analogous affinity for DHT; this is different in humans. This suggests that sows are not suitable as human PCOS experimental animal models. DISCUSSION To improve the litter size of sows, future research should focus on the mixed use of T and DHT, and the timing of use should be consistent with the periodic changes in androgen levels in sows. In addition, the welfare of experimental sows should be considered with reference to the clinical symptoms of PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Guo
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Di Liu, ; Zhenhua Guo,
| | - Lei Lv
- Wood Science Research Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry, Harbin, China
- Harbin University, Harbin, China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Di Liu, ; Zhenhua Guo,
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin, China
| | - Cedomir Radovic
- Department of Pig Breeding and Genetics, Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade, Serbia
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13
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Zhang D, Wang W, Li Z, Wang L, Liu D. Deciphering the lncRNA and mRNA profiles of Min pig backfat after acute cold stress. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2022.2123811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongqiu Li
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, P.R. People’s Republic of China
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14
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Mukherjee S, Choi M, Yun JW. Trans-anethole Induces Thermogenesis via Activating SERCA/SLN Axis in C2C12 Muscle Cells. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-022-0242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Zhang X, Liu X, Jiang T, Zhan S, Zhong T, Guo J, Cao J, Li L, Zhang H, Wang L. Circular RNA circZEB1 regulates goat brown adipocytes differentiation and thermogenesis through miR-326-3p. Small Rumin Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2022.106884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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The Effects of Dietary Inclusion of Mulberry Leaf Powder on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Quality of Tibetan Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202743. [PMID: 36290129 PMCID: PMC9597806 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This research was conducted to study the effects of dietary inclusion of mulberry leaf powder (MLP) on growth performance, meat quality, antioxidant activity, and carcass traits of Tibetan pigs. Eighteen Tibetan pigs (33.8 ± 1.1 kg) were assigned to two treatment groups randomly and received either the control diet (CON) or a basal diet containing 8% MLP (MLP) for two months. After the two-month feeding trial, the MLP group showed lower backfat thickness while a higher lean percentage. Compared with CON pigs, MLP pigs had higher serum CAT activity. In addition, dietary MLP supplementation significantly decreased the muscle shear force. Muscle fiber morphology analysis showed that MLP pigs had larger muscle fiber density while smaller muscle fiber cross-sectional area. Up-regulated gene expression of myosin heavy chain (MyHC)IIa was also observed in MLP pigs. These results indicate that the enhanced antioxidant activity and altered muscle fiber type and morphology appeared to contribute to the improvement of meat quality in Tibetan pigs fed diets containing MLP.
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17
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Assessing Genetic Diversity and Searching for Selection Signatures by Comparison between the Indigenous Livni and Duroc Breeds in Local Livestock of the Central Region of Russia. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous pig breeds are mainly associated with the adaptive capacity that is necessary to respond adequately to climate change, food security, and livelihood needs, and natural resources conservation. Livni pigs are an indigenous fat-type breed farmed in a single farm in the Orel region and located in the Central European part of the Russian Federation. To determine the genomic regions and genes that are affected by artificial selection, we conducted the comparative study of two pig breeds with different breeding histories and breeding objectives, i.e., the native fat-type Livni and meat-type Duroc breeds using the Porcine GGP HD BeadChip, which contains ~80,000 SNPs. To check the Livni pigs for possible admixture, the Landrace and the Large White breeds were included into the study of genetic diversity as these breeds participated in the formation of the Livni pigs. We observed the highest level of genetic diversity in Livni pigs compared to commercial breeds (UHE = 0.409 vs. 0.319–0.359, p < 0.001; AR = 1.995 vs. 1.894–1.964, p < 0.001). A slight excess of heterozygotes was found in all of the breeds. We identified 291 candidate genes, which were localized within the regions under putative selection, including 22 and 228 genes, which were specific for Livni and Duroc breeds, respectively, and 41 genes common for both breeds. A detailed analysis of the molecular functions identified the genes, which were related to the formation of meat and fat traits, and adaptation to environmental stress, including extreme temperatures, which were different between breeds. Our research results are useful for conservation and sustainable breeding of Livni breed, which shows a high level of genetic diversity. This makes Livni one of the valuable national pig genetic resources.
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18
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Kowaltowski AJ. Cold Exposure and the Metabolism of Mice, Men, and Other Wonderful Creatures. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:0. [PMID: 35575253 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00002.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory rodents and cold-adapted animals in the wild use a significant amount of the energy derived from food intake for heat generation. Thermogenesis involving mitochondrial uncoupling in the brown adipose tissue differs quantitatively in mice, humans, and cold-adapted animals and could be an important ally to combat obesity if humans were prepared to deviate slightly from thermoneutral living conditions to activate this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia J Kowaltowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Zhang Y, Sun L, Zhu R, Zhang S, Liu S, Wang Y, Wu Y, Xing S, Liao X, Mi J. Porcine gut microbiota in mediating host metabolic adaptation to cold stress. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:18. [PMID: 35383199 PMCID: PMC8983680 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00283-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a key role in host metabolic thermogenesis by activating UCP1 and increasing the browning process of white adipose tissue (WAT), especially in cold environments. However, the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the host, which lacks functional UCP1, making them susceptible to cold stress, has rarely been illustrated. We used male piglets as a model to evaluate the host response to cold stress via the gut microbiota (four groups: room temperature group, n = 5; cold stress group, n = 5; cold stress group with antibiotics, n = 5; room temperature group with antibiotics, n = 3). We found that host thermogenesis and insulin resistance increased the levels of serum metabolites such as glycocholic acid (GCA) and glycochenodeoxycholate acid (GCDCA) and altered the compositions and functions of the cecal microbiota under cold stress. The gut microbiota was characterized by increased levels of Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, and Muribaculaceae under cold stress. We found that piglets subjected to cold stress had increased expression of genes related to bile acid and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolism in their liver and fat lipolysis genes in their fat. In addition, the fat lipolysis genes CLPS, PNLIPRP1, CPT1B, and UCP3 were significantly increased in the fat of piglets under cold stress. However, the use of antibiotics showed a weakened or strengthened cold tolerance phenotype, indicating that the gut microbiota plays important role in host thermogenesis. Our results demonstrate that the gut microbiota-blood-liver and fat axis may regulate thermogenesis during cold acclimation in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lan Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Run Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shuo Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinbao Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Sicheng Xing
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xindi Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Jiandui Mi
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding and Key Lab of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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20
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Functional and Genetic Characterization of Porcine Beige Adipocytes. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040751. [PMID: 35203402 PMCID: PMC8870396 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Beige adipocytes are a distinct type of fat cells with a thermogenic activity that have gained substantial attention as an alternative cellular anti-obesity target in humans. These cells may provide an alternative strategy for the genetic selection of pigs with reduced fat deposition. Despite the presence of beige adipocytes in piglets, the molecular signatures of porcine beige adipocytes remain unclear. Here, white and beige adipocytes from Tibetan piglets were primarily cultured and differentiated. Compared to the white adipocytes, the beige adipocytes exhibited a stronger thermogenic capacity. RNA-sequencing-based genome-wide comparative analyses revealed distinct gene expression profiles for white and beige adipocytes. In addition, two genes, integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) and calponin 1 (CNN1), which were specifically differentially expressed in porcine beige adipocytes, were further functionally characterized using a loss-of-function approach. Our data showed that both genes were involved in differentiation and thermogenesis of porcine beige adipocytes. Collectively, these data furthered our understanding of gene expression in porcine white and beige adipocytes. Elucidating the genetic basis of beige adipogenesis in pigs will pave the way for molecular design breeding in both pigs and large animal models of human diseases.
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21
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Cavedon M, vonHoldt B, Hebblewhite M, Hegel T, Heppenheimer E, Hervieux D, Mariani S, Schwantje H, Steenweg R, Watters M, Musiani M. Selection of both habitat and genes in specialized and endangered caribou. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36. [PMID: 35146809 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mechanisms determining habitat selection and specialization of individuals within species have been hypothesized, but not tested at the appropriate individual level in nature. In this work, we analyzed habitat selection for 139 GPS-collared caribou belonging to three declining ecotypes sampled throughout Northwestern Canada. We used Resource Selection Functions (RSFs) comparing resources at used and available locations. We found that the three caribou ecotypes differed in their use of habitat suggesting specialization. On expected grounds, we also found differences in habitat selection between summer and winter, but also, originally, among the individuals within an ecotype. We next obtained Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) for the same caribou individuals, we detected those associated to habitat selection, and then identified genes linked to these SNPs. These genes had functions related in other organisms to habitat and dietary specializations, and climatic adaptations. We therefore suggest that individual variation in habitat selection was based on genotypic variation in the SNPs of individual caribou, indicating that genetic forces underlie habitat and diet selection in the species. We also suggest that the associations between habitat and genes that we detected may lead to lack of resilience in the species, thus contributing to caribou endangerment. Our work emphasizes that similar mechanisms may exist for other specialized, endangered species. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cavedon
- Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Bridgett vonHoldt
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544-2016, USA
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Montana, MT, 59812, USA
| | - Troy Hegel
- Yukon Department of Environment, Whitehorse, Yukon, Y1A 2C6, Canada
- Fish and Wildlife Stewardship Branch, Alberta Environment and Parks, 4999 98 Ave., Edmonton, AB, T6B 2×3, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Heppenheimer
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, 08544-2016, USA
| | - Dave Hervieux
- Fish and Wildlife Stewardship Branch, Alberta Environment and Parks, Grande Prairie, AB, T8V 6J4, Canada
| | - Stefano Mariani
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Schwantje
- Wildlife and Habitat Branch, Ministry of Forests, Lands, Natural Resource Operations and Rural Development, Government of British Columbia, 2080 Labieux Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6J 9, Canada
| | - Robin Steenweg
- Pacific Region, Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 5421 Robertson Road, Delta, BC, V4K 3N2, Canada
| | - Megan Watters
- Land and Resource Specialist, 300 - 10003 110th Avenue Fort, St. John, BC, V1J 6M7, Canada
| | - Marco Musiani
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Veterinary Medicine (Joint Appointment), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
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22
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Xu Z, Chen W, Wang L, You W, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhao J, Shan T. UCP1 Knockin Induces Lipid Dynamics and Transcriptional Programs in the Skeletal Muscles of Pigs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:808095. [PMID: 35096834 PMCID: PMC8790096 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.808095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), the hallmark protein responsible for nonshivering thermogenesis in adipose tissue (especially brown adipose tissue) has regained researchers' attention in the context of metabolic disorders following the realization that UCP1 can be activated in adult humans and reconstituted in pigs. Both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are highly dynamic tissues that interact at the metabolic and hormonal level in response to internal and external stress, and they coordinate in maintaining whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Here, we utilized lipidomics and transcriptomics to identify the altered lipid profiles and regulatory pathways in skeletal muscles from adipocyte-specific UCP1 knock-in (KI) pigs. UCP1 KI changed the contents of glycerophospholipids and acyl carnitines of skeletal muscles. Several metabolic regulatory pathways were more enriched in the UCP1 KI skeletal muscle. Comparison of the transcriptomes of adipose and skeletal muscle suggested that nervous system or chemokine signaling might account for the crosstalk between these two tissues in UCP1 KI pigs. Comparison of the lipid biomarkers from UCP1 KI pigs and other mammals suggested associations between UCP1 KI-induced metabolic alternations and metabolic and muscle dysfunction. Our study reveals the lipid dynamics and transcriptional programs in the skeletal muscle of UCP1 KI pigs and suggests that a network regulates metabolic homeostasis between skeletal muscle and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing You
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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23
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Chernukha I, Fedulova L, Kotenkova E. White, beige and brown adipose tissue: structure, function, specific features and possibility formation and divergence in pigs. FOODS AND RAW MATERIALS 2022. [DOI: 10.21603/2308-4057-2022-1-10-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. Traditionally, mammalian adipose tissue is divided into white (white adipose tissue – WAT) and brown (brown adipose tissue – BAT). While the functions of WAT are well known as the triglyceride depot, the role of BAT in mammalian physiology has been under close investigation. The first description of the role of BAT in maintaining thermogenesis dates back to 1961. This article offers a review of structural and functional specificity of white, beige and brown adipose tissue.
Results and discussion. The differences and descriptions of adipocytes and their impact on the maintenance of the main functions of the mammalian body are described in this manuscript. In particular, thermogenesis, stress response, obesity, type II diabetes. In addition to WAT and BAT, an intermediate form was also detected in the body – beige fat (BeAT or Brite). The opposite opinions regarding the presence of three types of adipose tissue in the human and animal bodies are presented. Studies on the identification of uncoupling proteins 1 and 3 and their role in the transformation of white fat into beige/brown are considered. Basically, the data on the factors of endogenous and exogenous nature on their formation are given on the example of the human body.
Conclusion. With an abundance of publications on the keywords: “white, brown fat”, these studies, in the overwhelming majority, are devoted to the role of these fats in the formation of human thermogenesis, the assessment of the impact on obesity. Pigs have also been suggested to lack functional BAT, which is a major cause of neonatal death in the swine industry, therefore the focus on investigating role of different types of adipose tissue in pigs seems very promising in order to understand whether there is a compensating mechanism of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Chernukha
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Liliya Fedulova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
| | - Elena Kotenkova
- V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS
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24
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Lu Z, Yuan C, Li J, Guo T, Yue Y, Niu C, Liu J, Yang B. Comprehensive Analysis of Long Non-coding RNA and mRNA Transcriptomes Related to Hypoxia Adaptation in Tibetan Sheep. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:801278. [PMID: 35141308 PMCID: PMC8818989 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.801278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep have lived on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau for a long time, and after long-term natural selection, they have shown stable genetic adaptability to high-altitude environments. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the long non-coding (lnc)RNAs involved in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia. Here, we collected lung tissues from high-altitude Tibetan sheep and low-altitude Hu sheep for RNA sequencing to study the regulatory mechanisms of the lncRNAs and mRNAs in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia. We identified 254 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 1,502 differentially expressed mRNAs. We found 20 pairs of cis-regulatory relationships between 15 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 14 protein-coding genes and two pairs of trans-regulatory relationships between two differentially expressed lncRNAs and two protein-coding genes. These differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNA target genes were mainly enriched in pathways related to lipid metabolism and immune function. Interaction network analysis showed that 17 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 15 differentially expressed mRNAs had an interactive relationship. Additionally, we used six differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs to verify the accuracy of the sequencing data via qRT-PCR. Our results provide a comprehensive overview of the expression patterns of the lncRNAs and mRNAs involved in the adaptation of Tibetan sheep to hypoxia, laying a foundation for further analysis of the adaptations of plateau animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianye Li
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Niu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianbin Liu
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Bohui Yang
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25
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Tu CF, Chuang CK, Yang TS. The application of new breeding technology based on gene editing in pig industry. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:791-803. [PMID: 34991204 PMCID: PMC9066036 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome/gene-editing (GE) techniques, characterized by a low technological barrier, high efficiency, and broad application among organisms, are now being employed not only in medical science but also in agriculture/veterinary science. Different engineered CRISPR/Cas9s have been identified to expand the application of this technology. In pig production, GE is a precise new breeding technology (NBT), and promising outcomes in improving economic traits, such as growth, lean or healthy meat production, animal welfare, and disease resistance, have already been documented and reviewed. These promising achievements in porcine gene editing, including the Myostatin gene knockout (KO) in indigenous breeds to improve lean meat production, the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) gene knock-in to enhance piglet thermogenesis and survival under cold stress, the generation of GGTA1 and CMP-N-glycolylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) gene double KO (dKO) pigs to produce healthy red meat, and the KO or deletion of exon 7 of the CD163 gene to confer resistance to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection, are described in the present article. Other related approaches for such purposes are also discussed. The current trend of global regulations or legislation for GE organisms is that they are exempted from classification as genetically modified organisms (GMOs) if no exogenes are integrated into the genome, according to product-based and not process-based methods. Moreover, an updated case study in the EU showed that current GMO legislation is not fit for purpose in term of NBTs, which contribute to the objectives of the EU’s Green Deal and biodiversity strategies and even meet the United Nations’ sustainable development goals for a more resilient and sustainable agri-food system. The GE pigs generated via NBT will be exempted from classification as GMOs, and their global valorization and commercialization can be foreseen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Fu Tu
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Chuang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Shuh Yang
- Division of Animal Technology, Animal Technology Laboratories, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu City 30093, Taiwan.,Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, 26047 Taiwan
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26
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Xuan MF, Luo ZB, Han SZ, Li ZY, Gao K, Liu XY, Chang SY, Jin ZY, Choe HM, Paek HJ, Quan BH, Yin XJ, Kang JD. Skeletal muscle-secreted myokine interleukin-6 induces white adipose tissue conversion into beige adipose tissue in myostatin gene knockout pigs. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2022; 78:106679. [PMID: 34715416 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2021.106679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Myostatin (MSTN) is primarily expressed in skeletal muscle and plays an important role in the regulation of muscle growth and development as well as fat deposition; however, little is known about the molecular mechanism through which MSTN regulates body fat deposition. Therefore, in this study, we sought to identify the signaling pathways through which MSTN regulates fat accumulation in pigs. MSTN knockout (MSTN-/-) pigs showed increased muscle mass, decreased fat mass, and a leaner body composition. In this study, we found that the adipose tissue of MSTN-/- pigs exhibits the characteristics of beige adipose tissue, and the mRNA expression levels of beige adipose marker genes, including UCP3, Cidea, and CD137, were significantly increased. Remarkably, the observed beige phenotype was not adipocyte autonomous but rather caused by muscle-secreted myokine interleukin (IL)-6. This occurrence results in increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in adipose tissue, which subsequently activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α and the conversion of white adipocytes to beige in pigs. Therefore, we concluded that MSTN deficiency leads to increased IL-6 secretion in skeletal muscle and activates AMPK in adipocytes, thereby increasing the beige adipose tissue in MSTN-/- pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-F Xuan
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Z-B Luo
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - S-Z Han
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Z-Y Li
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - K Gao
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - X-Y Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - S-Y Chang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - Z-Y Jin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - H-M Choe
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - H-J Paek
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - B-H Quan
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China
| | - X-J Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
| | - J-D Kang
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural College, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Transgenic Animal and Embryo Engineering, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, 133002, China.
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27
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Zhou Y, Xu Z, Wang L, Ling D, Nong Q, Xie J, Zhu X, Shan T. Cold Exposure Induces Depot-Specific Alterations in Fatty Acid Composition and Transcriptional Profile in Adipose Tissues of Pigs. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:827523. [PMID: 35282453 PMCID: PMC8905645 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.827523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure promotes fat oxidation and modulates the energy metabolism in adipose tissue through multiple mechanisms. However, it is still unclear about heat-generating capacity and lipid mobilization of different fat depots without functional mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). In this study, we kept finishing pigs (lack a functional UCP1 gene) under cold (5-7°C) or room temperature (22-25°C) and determined the effects of overnight cold exposure on fatty acid composition and transcriptional profiles of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT). And the plasma metabolomes of porcine was also studied by LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics. We found that the saturated fatty acids (SFAs) content was decreased in SAT upon cold exposure. While in VAT, the relative content of lauric acid (C12:0), myristic acid (C14:0) and lignoceric acid (C24:0) were decreased without affecting total SFA content. RNA-seq results showed SAT possess active organic acid metabolism and energy mobilization upon cold exposure. Compared with SAT, cold-induced transcriptional changes were far less broad in VAT, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in fat cell differentiation and cell proliferation. Moreover, we found that the contents of organic acids like creatine, acamprosate, DL-3-phenyllactic acid and taurine were increased in plasma upon overnight cold treatment, suggesting that cold exposure induced lipid and fatty acid metabolism in white adipose tissue (WAT) might be regulated by functions of organic acids. These results provide new insights into the effects of short-term cold exposure on lipid metabolism in adipose tissues without functional UCP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Defeng Ling
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhu
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co. Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Tizhong Shan,
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28
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Efficacy and Function of Feathers, Hair, and Glabrous Skin in the Thermoregulation Strategies of Domestic Animals. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123472. [PMID: 34944249 PMCID: PMC8697956 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Animals adopt several strategies to regulate their body temperature by promoting heat loss or gain in hot and cold environments, respectively. This mechanism of heat loss or production is performed in thermal windows. A thermal window is a structure where many blood capillaries facilitate thermal exchange in this region. The presence of feathers, hair, or glabrous (hairless) skin and their structural characteristics greatly influence each species’ capacity to maintain thermal comfort. This factor needs to be considered when implementing new monitoring or measuring techniques such as infrared thermography since interpretations may vary due to the presence or absence of these structures. It is essential to recognize the effects of glabrous skin, hair, and feathers on thermoregulation to identify species-specific thermal windows that allow accurate evaluations of the thermal state of domestic animals. Abstract The objective of this review is to describe and analyze the effect of feathers, hair, and glabrous (hairless) skin on the thermoregulation of domestic and endotherm animals, especially concerning the uses and scope of infrared thermography (IRT), scientific findings on heat and cold stress, and differences among species of domestic animals. Clinical medicine considers thermoregulation a mechanism that allows animals to adapt to varying thermal environmental conditions, a process in which the presence of feathers, hair, or glabrous skin influences heat loss or heat retention, respectively, under hot and cold environmental conditions. Evaluating body temperature provides vital information on an individual’s physiological state and health status since variations in euthermia maintenance in vertebrates reflect a significant cellular metabolism deviation that needs to be assessed and quantified. IRT is a non-invasive tool for evaluating thermal responses under thermal stress conditions in animals, where the presence or absence of feathers, hair, and glabrous skin can affect readings and the differences detected. Therefore, anatomical regions, the characteristics of feathers, hair, glabrous skin such as structure, length, color, and extension, and strategies for dissipating or retaining heat together constitute a broad area of opportunity for future research into the phenomena of dermal thermoregulation in domestic species.
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29
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Xu Z, Chen W, Wang L, Zhou Y, Nong Q, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Xie J, Shan T. Cold Exposure Affects Lipid Metabolism, Fatty Acids Composition and Transcription in Pig Skeletal Muscle. Front Physiol 2021; 12:748801. [PMID: 34690816 PMCID: PMC8526723 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.748801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold exposure promotes glucose oxidation and modulates the lipid metabolism in adipose tissue, but it is still not fully clear whether cold exposure could affect meat quality and fatty acid metabolism in skeletal muscle of pig in vivo. Here, we kept finishing pigs under cold or room temperature overnight and determined the effects of cold exposure on meat quality, fatty acids composition and transcriptional changes in skeletal muscle of pigs. We found that cold exposure significantly reduced the meat colour24 h and pH24 h, without affecting carcass characteristics and other meat quality traits. Considerable changes were found in the proportions of individual fatty acids and the total content of saturated fatty acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acid and n3-fatty acids. RNA-seq results showed upregulated fatty acid biosynthesis genes and downregulated mitochondrial beta-oxidation genes. The lipid metabolism in cold-treated longissimus dorsi muscle might be regulated by functions of the lipoprotein particle, the extracellular matrix, and the PPAR signaling pathways. Our study revealed the potential of cold exposure to regulate the lipid metabolism and fatty acid composition in skeletal muscle of farmed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liyi Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Zhou
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyun Nong
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jintang Xie
- Shandong Chunteng Food Co., Ltd., Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Zhao Y, Pan J, Cao C, Liang X, Yang S, Liu L, Tao C, Zhao J, Wang Y. RNF20 affects porcine adipocyte differentiation via regulation of mitotic clonal expansion. Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13131. [PMID: 34647359 PMCID: PMC8666272 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives RNF20 is recognized as a main E3 ligase for monoubiquitination of histone H2B at lysine 120 (H2Bub). The critical role of RNF20 and H2Bub in various molecular events, such as DNA replication, RNA transcription, and DNA damage response, has been widely investigated and documented. However, its role in porcine adipogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to clarify the effect of RNF20 on porcine preadipocyte differentiation. Materials and Methods Backfat tissues from fat‐type pigs (Bama and Meishan) and lean‐type pigs (Yorkshire and Landrace) were collected to detect the expression level of RNF20. Preadipocytes were isolated from Bama piglets and induced to differentiation. Small interfering RNAs were applied to deplete RNF20. Oil Red O staining, quantitative real‐time PCR, RNA‐seq, Western blot analysis, and EdU assays were performed to study the regulatory mechanism of RNF20 during adipogenesis. Results We found that the expression levels of RNF20 and H2Bub were significantly higher in backfat tissues from fat‐type pigs than in those from lean‐type pigs. Consistently, the significantly induced expression of RNF20 and H2Bub was also observed in porcine differentiated adipocytes. In addition, knockdown of RNF20 greatly inhibited porcine adipogenesis, as evidenced by dramatically decreased lipid droplet formation and lower expression levels of adipogenic transcription masters in RNF20 knockdown cells. Mechanistically, the depletion of RNF20 decreases the cell proliferation and the level of p‐C/EBPβ via the Ras‐Raf‐MEK1/2‐ERK1/2 cascade pathway at the mitotic clonal expansion phase and therefore suppresses cell differentiation. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that RNF20 is required for porcine preadipocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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31
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Brzęk P. Sex differences in nonshivering thermogenesis in the wild. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 536:111402. [PMID: 34302908 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is a key mechanism that allows mammals to control their body temperature. Sex can frequently affect thermoregulatory requirements; therefore, males and females can be expected to differ significantly in their NST capacity. Several sex-related differences in NST have been described in laboratory animals and humans; however, these parameters are relatively rarely studied in animals living under natural conditions. Here, I briefly review factors that may be responsible for this disparity and point out two situations that should be particularly promising in searching for sex differences in NST under natural conditions: the lactation period and potential mitonuclear conflicts over NST control in species with genetic polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Brzęk
- Faculty of Biology, University of Białystok, Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-245, Białystok, Poland.
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32
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Igoshin A, Yudin N, Aitnazarov R, Yurchenko AA, Larkin DM. Whole-Genome Resequencing Points to Candidate DNA Loci Affecting Body Temperature under Cold Stress in Siberian Cattle Populations. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:959. [PMID: 34575108 PMCID: PMC8467296 DOI: 10.3390/life11090959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the economic importance of creating cold resilient cattle breeds, our knowledge of the genetic basis of adaptation to cold environments in cattle is still scarce compared to information on other economically important traits. Herein, using whole-genome resequencing of animals showing contrasting phenotypes on temperature maintenance under acute cold stress combined with the existing SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) functional annotations, we report chromosomal regions and candidate SNPs controlling body temperature in the Siberian cattle populations. The SNP ranking procedure based on regional FST calculations, functional annotations, and the allele frequency difference between cold-tolerant and cold-sensitive groups of animals pointed to multiple candidate genes. Among these, GRIA4, COX17, MAATS1, UPK1B, IFNGR1, DDX23, PPT1, THBS1, CCL5, ATF1, PLA1A, PRKAG1, and NR1I2 were previously related to thermal adaptations in cattle. Other genes, for example KMT2D and SNRPA1, are known to be related to thermogenesis in mice and cold adaptation in common carp, respectively. This work could be useful for cattle breeding strategies in countries with harsh climates, including the Russian Federation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Igoshin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.I.); (N.Y.); (R.A.); (A.A.Y.)
| | - Nikolay Yudin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.I.); (N.Y.); (R.A.); (A.A.Y.)
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan Aitnazarov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.I.); (N.Y.); (R.A.); (A.A.Y.)
| | - Andrey A. Yurchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.I.); (N.Y.); (R.A.); (A.A.Y.)
| | - Denis M. Larkin
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.I.); (N.Y.); (R.A.); (A.A.Y.)
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
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33
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Wang Z, Gao X, Li Q, Zhu H, Zhao X, Garcia-Barrio M, Zhang J, Guo Y, Chen YE, Zeng R, Wu JR, Chang L. Inhibition of a Novel CLK1-THRAP3-PPARγ Axis Improves Insulin Sensitivity. Front Physiol 2021; 12:699578. [PMID: 34526909 PMCID: PMC8435799 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.699578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing energy expenditure by promoting "browning" in adipose tissues is a promising strategy to prevent obesity and associated diabetes. To uncover potential targets of cold exposure, which induces energy expenditure, we performed phosphoproteomics profiling in brown adipose tissue of mice housed in mild cold environment at 16°C. We identified CDC2-like kinase 1 (CLK1) as one of the kinases that were significantly downregulated by mild cold exposure. In addition, genetic knockout of CLK1 or chemical inhibition in mice ameliorated diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance at 22°C. Through proteomics, we uncovered thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3) as an interacting partner of CLK1, further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation assays. We further demonstrated that CLK1 phosphorylates THRAP3 at Ser243, which is required for its regulatory interaction with phosphorylated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), resulting in impaired adipose tissue browning and insulin sensitivity. These data suggest that CLK1 plays a critical role in controlling energy expenditure through the CLK1-THRAP3-PPARγ axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingrun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangjie Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Minerva Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Yanhong Guo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Y. Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Rong Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Rui Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Center, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Ahmad SF, Mehrotra A, Charles S, Ganai NA. Analysis of selection signatures reveals important insights into the adaptability of high-altitude Indian sheep breed Changthangi. Gene 2021; 799:145809. [PMID: 34224833 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Changthangi is a high-altitude sheep breed of India that is adapted to cold and hypoxic climate of Himalayas. In the present study, we analysed population structure of Changthangi and contrasted it with selected Indian and European commercial sheep breeds to detect genomic regions under positive selection. The Illumina OvineSNP50v1 genotype data on 292 animals from seven different sheep breeds i.e., Changthangi (n = 29), Garole (n = 26), Deccani (n = 24), Tibetan (n = 37), Rambouillet (n = 102) and Australian Merino (n = 50) was used. European Mouflon (n = 24) was used as an out-group for studying the stratification and phylogenetic lineage. While the principal component analysis (PCA) revealed Changthangi to cluster with Tibetan sheep; TREEMIX and ADMIXTURE results also detected the introgression of lowland Indian sheep inheritance in Changthangi. Changthangi sheep were compared with other breed groups as reference i.e., commercial (Australian Merino and Rambouillet), Indian (Deccani, Garole and Tibetan) and breeds inhabiting plains (Australian Merino, Rambouillet, Deccani and Garole). Genomic comparisons of Changthangi using cross population extended haplotype homozygosity (XP-EHH) showed multiple functional regions present on Ovis aries (Oar) chromosomes 2, 3, 6 and 18 to be under selection in Changthangi sheep. These regions were related with adaptation to climatic and hypoxic stressors, fleece characteristics and functioning of immune and reproductive systems. UCP genes, associated with adaptation to cold and hypoxic conditions, were the main loci under positive selection in Changthangi sheep population. The selection signals in Indian and European commercial sheep breeds were mainly associated with body weight and carcass traits. Furthermore, selection signals found in different comparisons were found to be part of different quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with important traits in different breed classes. The genes present in these regions are suitable candidates for future studies on the genetic mechanisms underlying high-altitude adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Firdous Ahmad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Rani, Guwahati 781131, Assam, India; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Arnav Mehrotra
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India; Animal Genomics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sona Charles
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Spices Research, Kozhikode 673012, Kerala, India.
| | - Nazir Ahmad Ganai
- Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar 190006, J&K, India.
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35
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Zhao J, Tao C, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu T. Formation of thermogenic adipocytes: What we have learned from pigs. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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36
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Quan C, Li Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Ping J, Lu Y, Zhou G. Characterization of structural variation in Tibetans reveals new evidence of high-altitude adaptation and introgression. Genome Biol 2021; 22:159. [PMID: 34034800 PMCID: PMC8146648 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-021-02382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural variation (SV) acts as an essential mutational force shaping the evolution and function of the human genome. However, few studies have examined the role of SVs in high-altitude adaptation and little is known of adaptive introgressed SVs in Tibetans so far. RESULTS Here, we generate a comprehensive catalog of SVs in a Chinese Tibetan (n = 15) and Han (n = 10) population using nanopore sequencing technology. Among a total of 38,216 unique SVs in the catalog, 27% are sequence-resolved for the first time. We systematically assess the distribution of these SVs across repeat sequences and functional genomic regions. Through genotyping in additional 276 genomes, we identify 69 Tibetan-Han stratified SVs and 80 candidate adaptive genes. We also discover a few adaptive introgressed SV candidates and provide evidence for a deletion of 335 base pairs at 1p36.32. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results highlight the important role of SVs in the evolutionary processes of Tibetans' adaptation to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and provide a valuable resource for future high-altitude adaptation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Quan
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanfeng Li
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Liu
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yahui Wang
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Ping
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yiming Lu
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
- Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002 People’s Republic of China
| | - Gangqiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics & Integrative Omics, State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850 People’s Republic of China
- Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province 071002 People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Personalized Cancer Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 211166 People’s Republic of China
- Medical College of Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province 550025 People’s Republic of China
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Zhang J, Khazalwa EM, Abkallo HM, Zhou Y, Nie X, Ruan J, Zhao C, Wang J, Xu J, Li X, Zhao S, Zuo E, Steinaa L, Xie S. The advancements, challenges, and future implications of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in swine research. J Genet Genomics 2021; 48:347-360. [PMID: 34144928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing technology has dramatically influenced swine research by enabling the production of high-quality disease-resistant pig breeds, thus improving yields. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 has been used extensively in pigs as one of the tools in biomedical research. In this review, we present the advancements of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in swine research, such as animal breeding, vaccine development, xenotransplantation, and disease modeling. We also highlight the current challenges and some potential applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Emmanuel M Khazalwa
- Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Hussein M Abkallo
- Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xiongwei Nie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jinxue Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Jieru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pig Molecular Quantitative Genetics of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Livestock and Poultry Epidemic Diseases Research Center of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Xinyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Erwei Zuo
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518124, PR China.
| | - Lucilla Steinaa
- Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya.
| | - Shengsong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education & Key Lab of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China; Animal and Human Health Program, Biosciences, International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), P.O. Box 30709, Nairobi 00100, Kenya; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China.
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Reguero M, Gómez de Cedrón M, Reglero G, Quintela JC, Ramírez de Molina A. Natural Extracts to Augment Energy Expenditure as a Complementary Approach to Tackle Obesity and Associated Metabolic Alterations. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030412. [PMID: 33802173 PMCID: PMC7999034 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the epidemic of the 21st century. In developing countries, the prevalence of obesity continues to rise, and obesity is occurring at younger ages. Obesity and associated metabolic stress disrupt the whole-body physiology. Adipocytes are critical components of the systemic metabolic control, functioning as an endocrine organ. The enlarged adipocytes during obesity recruit macrophages promoting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Together with the genetic susceptibility (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNP) and metabolic alterations at the molecular level, it has been highlighted that key modifiable risk factors, such as those related to lifestyle, contribute to the development of obesity. In this scenario, urgent therapeutic options are needed, including not only pharmacotherapy but also nutrients, bioactive compounds, and natural extracts to reverse the metabolic alterations associated with obesity. Herein, we first summarize the main targetable processes to tackle obesity, including activation of thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and in white adipose tissue (WAT-browning), and the promotion of energy expenditure and/or fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in muscles. Then, we perform a screening of 20 natural extracts (EFSA approved) to determine their potential in the activation of FAO and/or thermogenesis, as well as the increase in respiratory capacity. By means of innovative technologies, such as the study of their effects on cell bioenergetics (Seahorse bioanalyzer), we end up with the selection of four extracts with potential application to ameliorate the deleterious effects of obesity and the chronic associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Reguero
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- NATAC BIOTECH, Electronica 7, 28923 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Marta Gómez de Cedrón
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Production and Characterization of Novel Foods Department, Institute of Food Science Research CIAL, CEI UAM + CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Ana Ramírez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology Group, Precision Nutrition and Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Ctra. de Cantoblanco 8, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (M.G.d.C.); (A.R.d.M.)
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Liu J, Li J, Chen W, Xie X, Chu X, Valencak TG, Wang Y, Shan T. Comprehensive evaluation of the metabolic effects of porcine CRTC3 overexpression on subcutaneous adipocytes with metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:19. [PMID: 33653408 PMCID: PMC7927250 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meat quality is largely driven by fat deposition, which is regulated by several genes and signaling pathways. The cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) -regulated transcriptional coactivator 3 (CRTC3) is a coactivator of cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) that mediates the function of protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway and is involved in various biological processes including lipid and energy metabolism. However, the effects of CRTC3 on the metabolome and transcriptome of porcine subcutaneous adipocytes have not been studied yet. Here, we tested whether porcine CRTC3 expression would be related to fat deposition in Heigai pigs (a local fatty breed in China) and Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire (DLY, a lean breed) pigs in vivo. The effects of adenovirus-induced CRTC3 overexpression on the metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles of subcutaneous adipocytes were also determined in vitro by performing mass spectrometry-based metabolomics combined with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). RESULTS Porcine CRTC3 expression is associated with fat deposition in vivo. In addition, CRTC3 overexpression increased lipid accumulation and the expression of mature adipocyte-related genes in cultured porcine subcutaneous adipocytes. According to the metabolomic analysis, CRTC3 overexpression induced significant changes in adipocyte lipid, amino acid and nucleotide metabolites in vitro. The RNA-seq analysis suggested that CRTC3 overexpression alters the expression of genes and pathways involved in adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We identified significant alterations in the metabolite composition and the expression of genes and pathways involved in lipid metabolism in CRTC3-overexpressing adipocytes. Our results suggest that CRTC3 might play an important regulatory role in lipid metabolism and thus affects lipid accumulation in porcine subcutaneous adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wentao Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xintao Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingang Chu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Yizhen Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tizhong Shan
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Lesmana R, Siannoto M, Nugraha GI, Goenawan H, Feinisa AK, Pratiwi YS, Veronica F, Tarawan VM, Susianti S, Supratman U. Nutmeg extract potentially alters characteristics of white adipose tissue in rats. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:512-520. [PMID: 33389818 PMCID: PMC8025630 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a promising approach to obesity treatment. During browning, WAT transforms into beige adipose tissue through stimulation of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Nutmeg, one of the Indonesian herbs, reportedly has dual roles as a PPARα/γ partial agonist. Even though nutmeg has been traditionally used in body weight reduction, there is limited information regarding the potential role of nutmeg in browning of WAT. Objectives In this study, we explored the effect of nutmeg seed extract (NuSE) as a potential inductor of WAT browning. Methods Twelve male Wistar rats, 5–6 weeks old, were divided into control and nutmeg groups. The rats in nutmeg group were given NuSE for 12 weeks by oral gavage. After 12 weeks, the rat's inguinal WAT and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were collected, weighed and stored at − 80°C until use. Results We observed that even though NuSE did not reduce the final body weight, it significantly reduced body weight gain. NuSE also increased protein levels of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC‐1α) and uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) significantly and tended to increase UCP2 and UCP1 levels. Furthermore, NuSE induced macroscopic and microscopic morphological changes of inguinal WAT, marked by significantly increased adipocyte numbers and decreased adipocyte size. Conclusions Even though NuSE did not increase UCP1 significantly, it potentially alters inguinal WAT characteristics and leads to browning through PGC‐1α and UCP3 induction. However, UCP3’s specific mechanism in WAT browning remains unclear. Our findings could contribute to obesity treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronny Lesmana
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Melisa Siannoto
- Graduate Program of Anti Aging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Gaga I Nugraha
- Division of Biochemistry and Biomolecular, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hanna Goenawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Astrid K Feinisa
- Graduate Program of Anti Aging and Aesthetics Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yuni S Pratiwi
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Biological Activity Division, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fifi Veronica
- Anatomy Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Vita M Tarawan
- Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Susianti Susianti
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia
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41
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Fyda TJ, Spencer C, Jastroch M, Gaudry MJ. Disruption of thermogenic UCP1 predated the divergence of pigs and peccaries. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb223974. [PMID: 32620708 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.223974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) governs non-shivering thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. It has been estimated that pigs lost UCP1 ∼20 million years ago (MYA), dictating cold intolerance among piglets. Our current understanding of the root causes of UCP1 loss are, however, incomplete. Thus, examination of additional species can shed light on these fundamental evolutionary questions. Here, we investigated UCP1 in the Chacoan peccary (Catagonus wagneri), a member of the Tayassuid lineage that diverged from pigs during the late Eocene-mid Oligocene. Exons 1 and 2 have been deleted in peccary UCP1 and the remaining exons display additional inactivating mutations. A common nonsense mutation in exon 6 revealed that UCP1 was pseudogenized in a shared ancestor of pigs and peccaries. Our selection pressure analyses indicate that the inactivation occurred 36.2-44.3 MYA during the mid-late Eocene, which is much earlier than previously thought. Importantly, pseudogenized UCP1 provides the molecular rationale for cold sensitivity and current tropical biogeography of extant peccaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Jacob Fyda
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Connor Spencer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael J Gaudry
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, The Arrhenius Laboratories F3, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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42
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Wang X, Cao C, Li Y, Hai T, Jia Q, Zhang Y, Zheng Q, Yao J, Qin G, Zhang H, Song R, Wang Y, Shui G, Lam SM, Liu Z, Wei H, Meng A, Zhou Q, Zhao J. A harlequin ichthyosis pig model with a novel ABCA12 mutation can be rescued by acitretin treatment. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:1029-1041. [PMID: 30925591 PMCID: PMC6934153 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Harlequin ichthyosis (HI) is a severe genetic skin disorder and caused by mutation in the ATP-binding cassette A12 (ABCA12) gene. The retinoid administration has dramatically improved long-term survival of HI, but improvements are still needed. However, the ABCA12 null mice failed to respond to retinoid treatment, which impedes the development of novel cure strategies for HI. Here we generated an ethylnitrosourea mutagenic HI pig model (named Z9), which carries a novel deep intronic mutation IVS49-727 A>G in the ABCA12 gene, resulting in abnormal mRNA splicing and truncated protein production. Z9 pigs exhibit significant clinical symptom as human patients with HI. Most importantly, systemic retinoid treatment significantly prolonged the life span of the mutant pigs via improving epidermal maturation, decreasing epidermal apoptosis, and triggering the expression of ABCA6. Taken together, this pig model perfectly resembles the clinical symptom and molecular pathology of patients with HI and will be useful for understanding mechanistic insight and developing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongshun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tang Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qitao Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qiantao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Guosong Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hongyong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ruigao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- College of Life Science, Northeast Agricultural University of China, Harbin 150030, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong Wei
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Anming Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Chinese Swine Mutagenesis Consortium, Beijing 100101, China
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Meng W, Liang X, Xiao T, Wang J, Wen J, Luo H, Teng J, Fei Y, Zhang Q, Liu B, Hu F, Bai J, Liu M, Zhou Z, Liu F. Rheb promotes brown fat thermogenesis by Notch-dependent activation of the PKA signaling pathway. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:781-790. [PMID: 31220300 PMCID: PMC6821354 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing brown and beige fat thermogenesis have an anti-obesity effect and thus great metabolic benefits. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating brown and beige fat thermogenesis remain to be further elucidated. We recently found that fat-specific knockout of Rheb promoted beige fat thermogenesis. In the current study, we show that Rheb has distinct effects on thermogenic gene expression in brown and beige fat. Fat-specific knockout of Rheb decreased protein kinase A (PKA) activity and thermogenic gene expression in brown adipose tissue of high-fat diet-fed mice. On the other hand, overexpression of Rheb activated PKA and increased uncoupling protein 1 expression in brown adipocytes. Mechanistically, Rheb overexpression in brown adipocytes increased Notch expression, leading to disassociation of the regulatory subunit from the catalytic subunit of PKA and subsequent PKA activation. Our study demonstrates that Rheb, by selectively modulating thermogenic gene expression in brown and beige adipose tissues, plays an important role in regulating energy homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Meng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Xiuci Liang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Hairong Luo
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Jianhui Teng
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Yanquan Fei
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Qinghai Zhang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Bilian Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Juli Bai
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Zhiguang Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology, Ministry of Education, National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Liu L, Wang Y, Liang X, Wu X, Liu J, Yang S, Tao C, Zhang J, Tian J, Zhao J, Wang Y. Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase is Essential for Porcine Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072446. [PMID: 32244800 PMCID: PMC7177282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition, which influences pork production, meat quality and growth efficiency, is an economically important trait in pigs. Numerous studies have demonstrated that stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD), a key enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of saturated fatty acids into monounsaturated fatty acids, is associated with fatty acid composition in pigs. As SCD was observed to be significantly induced in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes differentiation, we hypothesized that it plays a role in porcine adipocyte differentiation and fat deposition. In this study, we revealed that SCD is highly expressed in adipose tissues from seven-day-old piglets, compared to its expression in tissues from four-month-old adult pigs. Moreover, we found that SCD and lipogenesis-related genes were induced significantly in differentiated porcine adipocytes. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology, we generated SCD-/- porcine embryonic fibroblasts (PEFs) and found that the loss of SCD led to dramatically decreased transdifferentiation efficiency, as evidenced by the decreased expression of known lipid synthesis-related genes, lower levels of oil red O staining and significantly lower levels of triglyceride content. Our study demonstrates the critical role of SCD expression in porcine adipocyte differentiation and paves the way for identifying it as the promising candidate gene for less fat deposition in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Liu
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiao Wu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shulin Yang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Tao
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Jianhui Tian
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.W.)
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45
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Chen YC, Yu YH. The potential of brown adipogenesis and browning in porcine bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells1. J Anim Sci 2020; 96:3635-3644. [PMID: 29878130 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown adipocyte lineage commitment and differentiation are under complex regulation. Brown adipocytes are derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Whether porcine bone marrow-derived MSC (BM-MSC) possess the potential to differentiate into brown adipocytes remains unclear. In the current study, we evaluated the ability of porcine BM-MSC to differentiate into brown adipocytes and browning of differentiated adipocytes. We found that similar to rodent models, bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP7) was able to trigger the commitment of BM-MSC to the brown adipocyte lineage by elevating expression of marker genes, nrf-1, tfam, zic1, and pgc-1α (P < 0.05). The expression of brown adipocyte-specific genes, prdm16, dio2, and cidea, was significantly induced (P < 0.05) in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC after hormonal induction of adipogenesis. The UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels in BMP7-treated porcine BM-MSC were higher than the control group after hormonal induction of adipogenesis, accompanied by increased mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, acute norepinephrine stimulation potentiated brown adipocyte-specific mRNA expression (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes. Similarly, UCP2 and UCP3 protein levels were increased in differentiated adipocytes upon acute norepinephrine stimulation. In addition, mitochondrial DNA copy number and mitochondria-specific gene expression were also significantly increased (P < 0.05) in differentiated adipocytes after acute norepinephrine exposure. Taken together, these results demonstrate for the first time that porcine BM-MSC are able to commit to the brown adipocyte lineage and differentiate into brown adipocytes. Differentiated adipocytes derived from porcine BM-MSC have the developmental potential to transdifferentiate into brown-like adipocytes upon norepinephrine stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chu Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Biotechnology and Animal Science, National Ilan University, Yilan City, Yilan, Taiwan
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46
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Porcine models for studying complications and organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:341-378. [PMID: 31932949 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-019-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus and obesity is rapidly increasing not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Diabetes is associated with macrovascular complications increasing the risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke, as well as microvascular complications leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy. Animal models are essential for studying disease mechanisms and for developing and testing diagnostic procedures and therapeutic strategies. Rodent models are most widely used but have limitations in translational research. Porcine models have the potential to bridge the gap between basic studies and clinical trials in human patients. This article provides an overview of concepts for the development of porcine models for diabetes and obesity research, with a focus on genetically engineered models. Diabetes-associated ocular, cardiovascular and renal alterations observed in diabetic pig models are summarized and their similarities with complications in diabetic patients are discussed. Systematic multi-organ biobanking of porcine models of diabetes and obesity and molecular profiling of representative tissue samples on different levels, e.g., on the transcriptome, proteome, or metabolome level, is proposed as a strategy for discovering tissue-specific pathomechanisms and their molecular key drivers using systems biology tools. This is exemplified by a recent study providing multi-omics insights into functional changes of the liver in a transgenic pig model for insulin-deficient diabetes mellitus. Collectively, these approaches will provide a better understanding of organ crosstalk in diabetes mellitus and eventually reveal new molecular targets for the prevention, early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications.
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Jastroch M, Seebacher F. Importance of adipocyte browning in the evolution of endothermy. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190134. [PMID: 31928187 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothermy changes the relationship between organisms and their environment fundamentally, and it is therefore of major ecological and evolutionary significance. Endothermy is characterized by non-shivering thermogenesis, that is metabolic heat production in the absence of muscular activity. In many eutherian mammals, brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an evolutionary innovation that facilitates non-shivering heat production in mitochondria by uncoupling food-derived substrate oxidation from chemical energy (ATP) production. Consequently, energy turnover is accelerated resulting in increased heat release. The defining characteristics of BAT are high contents of mitochondria and vascularization, and the presence of uncoupling protein 1. Recent insights, however, reveal that a range of stimuli such as exercise, diet and the immune system can cause the browning of white adipocytes, thereby increasing energy expenditure and heat production even in the absence of BAT. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that cause browning of white adipose tissue, and their potential contribution to thermoregulation. The significance for palaeophysiology lies in the presence of adipose tissue and the mechanisms that cause its browning and uncoupling in all amniotes. Hence, adipocytes may have played a role in the evolution of endothermy beyond the more specific evolution of BAT in eutherians. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Jastroch
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Frank Seebacher
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences A08, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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48
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Bal NC, Periasamy M. Uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase pump activity by sarcolipin as the basis for muscle non-shivering thermogenesis. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190135. [PMID: 31928193 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermogenesis in endotherms relies on both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). The role of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in NST is well recognized, but the role of muscle-based NST has been contested. However, recent studies have provided substantial evidence for the importance of muscle-based NST in mammals. This review focuses primarily on the role of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-cycling in muscle NST; specifically, it will discuss recent data showing how uncoupling of sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) (inhibition of Ca2+ transport but not ATP hydrolysis) by sarcolipin (SLN) results in futile SERCA pump activity, increased ATP hydrolysis and heat production contributing to muscle NST. It will also critically examine how activation of muscle NST can be an important factor in regulating metabolic rate and whole-body energy homeostasis. In this regard, SLN has emerged as a powerful signalling molecule to promote mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism in muscle. Furthermore, we will discuss the functional interplay between BAT and muscle, especially with respect to how reduced BAT function in mammals could be compensated by muscle-based NST. Based on the existing data, we argue that SLN-mediated thermogenesis is an integral part of muscle NST and that muscle NST potentially contributed to the evolution of endothermy within the vertebrate clade. This article is part of the theme issue 'Vertebrate palaeophysiology'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh C Bal
- KIIT School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751021, India
| | - Muthu Periasamy
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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Tao C, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Pan J, Fan Y, Liang X, Cao C, Zhao J, Petris MJ, Li K, Wang Y. Adipocyte-specific disruption of ATPase copper transporting α in mice accelerates lipoatrophy. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2340-2353. [PMID: 31396659 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-4966-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS ATPase copper transporting α (ATP7A), also known as Menkes disease protein, is a P-type ATPase that transports copper across cell membranes. The critical role of ATP7A-mediated copper homeostasis has been well recognised in various organs, such as the intestine, macrophages and the nervous system. However, the importance of adipocyte ATP7A-mediated copper homeostasis on fat metabolism is not well understood. Here, we sought to reveal the contribution of adipose ATP7A to whole-body fat metabolism in mice. METHODS We generated adipocyte-specific Atp7a-knockout (ASKO) mice using the Cre/loxP system, with Cre expression driven by the adiponectin promoter. ASKO mice and littermate control mice were aged on a chow diet or fed with a high-fat diet (HFD); body weight, fat mass, and glucose and insulin metabolism were analysed. Histological analysis, transmission electron microscopy and RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of white adipose tissue (WAT) were used to understand the physiological and molecular changes associated with loss of copper homeostasis in adipocytes. RESULTS Significantly increased copper concentrations were observed in adipose tissues of ASKO mice compared with control mice. Aged or HFD-fed ASKO mice manifested a lipoatrophic phenotype characterised by a progressive generalised loss of WAT. Dysfunction of adipose tissues in these ASKO mice was confirmed by decreased levels of both serum leptin and adiponectin and increased levels of triacylglycerol and insulin. Systemic metabolism was also impaired in these mice, as evidenced by a pronounced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. Moreover, we demonstrate a significant induction of lipolysis and DNA-damage signalling pathways in gonadal WAT from aged and HFD-fed ASKO mice. In vitro studies suggest that copper overload is responsible for increased lipolysis and DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results show a previously unappreciated role of adipocyte Atp7a in the regulation of ageing-related metabolic disease and identify new metallophysiologies in whole-body fat metabolism. DATA AVAILABILITY The datasets generated during the current study are available in the Genome Sequence Archive in BIG Data Center, Beijing Institute of Genomics (BIG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, under accession number CRA001769 (http://bigd.big.ac.cn/gsa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yajun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Jianfei Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yiping Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Xiaojuan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Chunwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael J Petris
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- The Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193
| | - Yanfang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China, 100193.
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50
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Chen B, Gu P, Jia J, Liu W, Liu Y, Liu W, Xu T, Lin X, Lin T, Liu Y, Chen H, Xu M, Yuan J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Xiao D, Gu W. Optimization Strategy for Generating Gene-edited Tibet Minipigs by Synchronized Oestrus and Cytoplasmic Microinjection. Int J Biol Sci 2019; 15:2719-2732. [PMID: 31754342 PMCID: PMC6854383 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Tibet minipig is a rare highland pig breed worldwide and has many applications in biomedical and agricultural research. However, Tibet minipigs are not like domesticated pigs in that their ovulation number is low, which is unfavourable for the collection of zygotes. Partly for this reason, few studies have reported the successful generation of genetically modified Tibet minipigs by zygote injection. To address this issue, we described an efficient way to generate gene-edited Tibet minipigs, the major elements of which include the utilization of synchronized oestrus instead of superovulation to obtain zygotes, optimization of the preparation strategy, and co-injection of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequences associated protein 9 (Cas9) mRNA and single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) into the cytoplasm of zygotes. We successfully obtained allelic TYR gene knockout (TYR-/-) Tibet minipigs with a typical albino phenotype (i.e., red-coloured eyes with light pink-tinted irises and no pigmentation in the skin and hair) as well as TYR-/-IL2RG-/- and TYR-/-RAG1-/- Tibet minipigs with typical phenotypes of albinism and immunodeficiency, which was characterized by thymic atrophy and abnormal immunocyte proportions. The overall gene editing efficiency was 75% for the TYR single gene knockout, while for TYR-IL2RG and TYR-RAG1 dual gene editing, the values were 25% and 75%, respectively. No detectable off-target mutations were observed. By intercrossing F0 generation minipigs, targeted genetic mutations can also be transmitted to gene-edited minipigs' offspring through germ line transmission. This study is a valuable exploration for the efficient generation of gene-edited Tibet minipigs with medical research value in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangzhu Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Peng Gu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Junshuang Jia
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wen Liu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Tao Xu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiaolin Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Taoyan Lin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hengwei Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Mingchen Xu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jin Yuan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jianing Zhang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy Research and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weiwang Gu
- Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Songshan Lake Pearl Laboratory Animal Sci. & Tech. Co., Ltd., Dongguan 523808, China.,School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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