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Reid RM, Turkmen S, Cleveland BM, Biga PR. Direct actions of growth hormone in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, skeletal muscle cells in vitro. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 297:111725. [PMID: 39122107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system regulates skeletal muscle growth and function. GH has a major function of targeting the liver to regulate IGF-1 production and release, and IGF-1 mediates the primary anabolic action of GH on growth. However, skeletal muscle is a target tissue of GH as evidenced by dynamic GH receptor expression, but it is unclear if GH elicits any direct actions on extrahepatic tissues as it is difficult to distinguish the effects of IGF-1 from GH. Fish growth regulation is complex compared to mammals, as genome duplication events have resulted in multiple isoforms of GHs, GHRs, IGFs, and IGFRs expressed in most fish tissues. This study investigated the potential for GH direct actions on fish skeletal muscle using an in vitro system, where rainbow trout myogenic precursor cells (MPCs) were cultured in normal and serum-deprived media, to mimic in vivo fasting conditions. Fasting reduces IGF-1 signaling in the muscle, which is critical for disentangling the roles of GH from IGF-1. The direct effects of GH were analyzed by measuring changes in myogenic proliferation and differentiation genes, as well as genes regulating muscle growth and proteolysis. This study provides the first in-depth analysis of the direct actions of GH on serum-deprived fish muscle cells in vitro. Data suggest that GH induces the expression of markers for proliferation and muscle growth in the presence of serum, but all observed GH action was blocked in serum-deprived conditions. Additionally, serum deprivation alone reduced the expression of several proliferation and differentiation markers, while increasing growth and proteolysis markers. Results also demonstrate dynamic gene expression response in the presence of GH and a JAK inhibitor in serum-provided but not serum-deprived conditions. These data provide a better understanding of GH signaling in relation to serum in trout muscle cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M Reid
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Serhat Turkmen
- Department of Cell Development and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Beth M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, Agricultural Research Service (ARS-USDA), Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
| | - Peggy R Biga
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Park C, Jeon H, Kho Y, Ji K. The combined effects of preservative chemicals in consumer products: An analysis using embryonic and adult zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:141984. [PMID: 38614392 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Benzisothiazolinone (BIT) and propyl paraben (PP) are preservatives in cleaning products; however, their toxicities are not well understood. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to BIT, PP, and mixtures of both for 96 h to investigate the effects on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and the transcription of 19 genes related to the GH/IGFs axis. Concentrations of BIT and PP were measured in the whole body of larvae. Zebrafish pairs were also exposed to BIT, PP, and mixtures for 21 d to evaluate the effects on sex hormones, histology in gonad, and transcription of 22 genes related to the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis and vitellogenin. The mixtures had potentiation effects on development, reproduction, hormones, and gene transcripts than individual exposure. Larvae exposed to 229 μg L-1 BIT, 64.5 μg L-1 PP, and mixtures showed reduced growth. Decreased GH and IGF-1 levels were supported by gene regulation associated with the GH/IGFs axis. In larvae, reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase levels were increased under all exposures. The gonadosomatic index in males and number of eggs decreased after mixture exposure. In females exposed to mixtures, the percentage of atretic follicle in ovary was significantly increased. The significant decrease in testosterone in males and significant decrease in 17β-estradiol in females exposed to mixtures suggest anti-estrogenic and anti-androgenic potential. Thus, preservative mixtures in consumer products may be more toxic than the individual substances, which is important for managing the risks of mixing preservatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeun Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeri Jeon
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Younglim Kho
- Department of Health, Environment and Safety, Eulji University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi, 13135, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghee Ji
- Department of Environmental Health, Graduate School at Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea; Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Yongin University, Yongin, 17092, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Abdollahi-Mousavi SE, Keyvanshokooh S, Torfi Mozanzadeh M, Ghasemi A. Efficacy of nutritional selenium nanoparticles on growth performance, immune response, antioxidant capacity, expression of growth and immune-related genes, and post-stress recovery in juvenile Sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 147:109452. [PMID: 38360194 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the impacts of nano-Se on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capacity, physiological parameters, gene expression, and stress resistance of fingerling Sobaity seabream (Sparidentex hasta). The fish with an average weight of 21.5 ± 0.1 g were divided into four treatment groups in triplicates that received one of the test diets supplemented with varying levels of nano-Se: 0 (control), 0.5 (Se-0.5), 1 (Se-1), and 2 (Se-2) mg/Kg for 60 days. The results showed that final weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio improved with significant linear and quadratic trends (P < 0.05) in response to nano-Se-supplemented diets, and the best values were measured in the Se-2 group. Superoxide dismutase activity level remained unaffected among the four groups (P > 0.05). Catalase activity increased in nano-Se-supplemented groups, with the highest level measured in fish fed the Se-0.5 diet. Glutathione peroxidase activity levels were not significantly different between the control and nano-Se groups, but the lowest malondialdehyde concentration was detected in the Se-2 group. Nano-Se had no marked effect on total plasma Ig levels; however, the highest lysozyme activity and alternative complement activity (ACH50) were observed in the Se-0.5 and Se-2 groups, respectively. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, and thyroid hormone (T3 and T4) contents among the groups. However, the lowest cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein values and the highest high-density lipoprotein concentration were measured in the Se-2 group. The Se-0.5 and Se-1 groups exhibited significantly lower levels of aspartate aminotransferase activity, and the lowest alkaline phosphatase activity level was detected in the Se-1 group. The expression level of insulin-like growth factor I gene in all nano-Se-fed groups was significantly higher than the control. Also, the expression of interleukin-1β and lysozyme genes was significantly upregulated in nano-Se-supplemented groups, with the highest values in the Se-2 group. Following acute crowding stress, plasma cortisol and lactate levels at all post-stress time intervals were not significantly different among the experimental groups. Fish fed the Se-0.5 and Se-2 diets tended to have lower plasma glucose concentrations than other groups. In conclusion, dietary nano-Se at 2 mg/kg is recommended to promote growth performance and enhance antioxidant and immune parameters in Sobaity juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Eisa Abdollahi-Mousavi
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran
| | - Saeed Keyvanshokooh
- Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Natural Resources, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Khouzestan, Iran.
| | - Mansour Torfi Mozanzadeh
- South Iran Aquaculture Research Centre, Iranian Fisheries Science Institute (IFSRI), Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahwaz, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ghasemi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
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Marudhupandi T, Dhayanithi NB, Jeyaprakashsabari S, Deepa SD, Ajith Kumar TT, Sarkar UK. Insulin-like growth factor II, a marker gene for determining the optimum dietary protein level in clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:171-182. [PMID: 37020119 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In vivo study was conducted to determine the role of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-II) related to dietary protein utilization. For this early juvenile stage of marine false clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris, 300 numbers of 20-day-old larvae (initial body weight of 18.2±0.027 mg/fish) were used as an experimental animal. Animals were fed for 12 weeks with different dietary protein levels (35, 40, 45, 50, and 55%), using Spirulina maxima as a major protein source. Proximate compositions and amino acid profile of the formulated diet were analyzed by the standard methods. Eventually, significant (P<0.05) mean, body weight gain, absolute growth rate, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio were obtained in the fishes fed with 50% of dietary protein, whereas, poor growth performance was noticed in 35% of the dietary protein level fed juveniles. The growth-responsible gene IGF-II expression studies showed the significant upregulation in the growth of the juveniles at 2.05±0.11 for 40%, 3.13±0.20 for 45%, 4.97±0.13 for 50%, and 4.33± 0.24 for 55%, which were higher than the control group 35%. The study concluded that 50% of dietary protein level is optimal for better growth indices in clownfish; A. ocellaris juveniles and IGF-II can be used as a potential marker gene to assess the growth indices in A. ocellaris.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sugatha Dhas Deepa
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | | | - Uttam Kumar Sarkar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
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Meng SL, Li MX, Lu Y, Chen X, Wang WP, Song C, Fan LM, Qiu LP, Li DD, Xu HM, Xu P. Effect of environmental level of methomyl on hatching, morphology, immunity and development related genes expression in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 268:115684. [PMID: 37976935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of carbamate pesticides has led to a range of environmental and health problems, such as surface and groundwater contamination, and endocrine disorders in organisms. In this study, we focused on examining the effects of toxic exposure to the carbamate pesticide methomyl on the hatching, morphology, immunity and developmental gene expression levels in zebrafish embryos. Four concentrations of methomyl (0, 2, 20, and 200 μg/L) were administered to zebrafish embryos for a period of 96 h. The study found that exposure to methomyl accelerated the hatching process of zebrafish embryos, with the strongest effect recorded at the concentration of 2 μg/L. Methomyl exposure also trigged significantly reductions in heart rate and caused abnormalities in larvae morphology, and it also stimulated the synthesis and release of several inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and INF-α, lowered the IgM contents, ultimately enhancing inflammatory response and interfering with immune function. All of these showed the significant effects on exposure time, concentration and their interaction (Time × Concentration). Furthermore, the body length of zebrafish exposed to methomyl for 96 h was significantly shorter, particularly at higher concentrations (200 μg/L). Methomyl also affected the expression levels of genes associated with development (down-regulated igf1, bmp2b, vasa, dazl and piwi genes), demonstrating strong developmental toxicity and disruption of the endocrine system, with the most observed at the concentration of 200 μg/L and 96 h exposure to methomyl. The results of this study provide valuable reference information on the potential damage of methomyl concentrations in the environment on fish embryo development, while also supplementing present research on the immunotoxicity of methomyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Long Meng
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Ming Xiao Li
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Wei Ping Wang
- Jiangxi Provincial Aquatic Biology Protection and Rescue Center, Nangchang 330029, China
| | - Chao Song
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Li Min Fan
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Li Ping Qiu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Dan Dan Li
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Hui Min Xu
- Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fishery College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China; Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, China; Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Fishery Resources and Environment in the Lower Reaches of the Changjiang River, Wuxi 214081, China.
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Panteli N, Feidantsis K, Demertzioglou M, Paralika V, Karapanagiotis S, Mylonas CC, Kormas KA, Mente E, Makridis P, Antonopoulou E. The Probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens Provokes Hypertrophic Growth via Activation of the IGF-1/Akt Pathway during the Process of Metamorphosis of Greater Amberjack ( Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2154. [PMID: 37443952 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Metamorphosis entails hormonally regulated morphological and physiological changes requiring high energy levels. Probiotics as feed supplements generate ameliorative effects on host nutrient digestion and absorption. Thereby, the aim of the present research was to investigate the impact of the probiotic Phaeobacter inhibens as a water additive on cellular signaling pathways in the metamorphosis of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili). Activation of insulin-like growth factor type 1 receptor (IGF-1R), protein kinase B (Akt), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), induction of heat shock proteins (Hsps), and programmed cell death were assessed through SDS-Page/immunoblot analysis, while energy metabolism was determined through enzymatic activities. According to the results, greater amberjack reared in P. inhibens-enriched water entered the metamorphic phase with greater body length, while protein synthesis was triggered to facilitate the hypertrophic growth as indicated by IGF-1/Akt activation and AMPK inhibition. Contrarily, MAPKs levels were reduced, whereas variations in Hsps response were evident in the probiotic treatment. Apoptosis and autophagy were mobilized potentially for the structural remodeling processes. Furthermore, the elevated enzymatic activities of intermediary metabolism highlighted the excess energy demands of metamorphosis. Collectively, the present findings demonstrate that P. inhibens may reinforce nutrient utilization, thus leading greater amberjack to an advanced growth and developmental state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Panteli
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Fisheries & Aquaculture, University of Patras, 26504 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Maria Demertzioglou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Paralika
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | | | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446 Volos, Greece
- Agricultural Development Institute, University Research and Innovation Centre "IASON", Argonafton & Filellinon, 38221 Volos, Greece
| | - Eleni Mente
- Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pavlos Makridis
- Department of Biology, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Achaias, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Taj S, Han Q, Wu X, Yin H, Tian L, Yang H, Liu Y, Huang J. Effects of Dietary Protein-to-Energy Ratios on Growth, Immune Response, Antioxidative Capacity, Liver and Intestinal Histology, and Growth-Related Gene Expression in Hybrid Yellow Catfish ( Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). AQUACULTURE NUTRITION 2023; 2023:9106332. [PMID: 37260466 PMCID: PMC10229254 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9106332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study is aimed at evaluating the effects of dietary protein-to-energy ratios on the growth, immunological response, antioxidative capacity, liver and intestinal histology, and growth-related gene expression of hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂). Eight diets were formulated to form different protein/energy ratios of 84, 88, 90, 93, 95, 96, 99, and 103 mg/kcal (P/E84, P/E88, P/E90, P/E93, P/E95, P/E96, P/E99, and P/E103), respectively. These diets contain different levels of gross energy (GE), ranging from 4.13 to 4.76 kcal g-1. Seven hundred and twenty healthy fish (17.15 ± 0.02 g) were randomly dispersed into 24 rectangular fiberglass tanks with 8 treatments in triplicate groups. The fish fed a P/E ratio of 95 mg/kcal demonstrated the best growth and feed utilization. A significant (P < 0.05) increase in percent weight gain (WG%) and specific growth rate (SGR) was seen as the dietary P/E ratio ameliorated from P/E84 to P/E95, followed by a decreased pattern in these parameters. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and daily feed intake (DFI) were significantly impacted by dietary P/E ratios (P < 0.05). Additionally, an optimum P/E ratio improved intestinal morphology. However, low or high P/E ratio diets can cause oxidative stress, impaired liver function, and significantly reduced nonspecific immunity. The expression of target of rapamycin (TOR) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) genes in the liver was considerably influenced by dietary protein-to-energy ratios (P < 0.05). Based on the statistical analysis of WG% against the dietary P/E ratio, the optimal P/E ratio for the studied species was estimated to be 92.92 mg/kcal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehrish Taj
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydro biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Quan Han
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydro biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Xiaoyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydro biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Haoran Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Department of Aquaculture, Ocean College of Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Tropical Hydro biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquaculture, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Lixia Tian
- Guangzhou A Share Aquatic Science and Technology Co. LTD, China
| | - Huijun Yang
- Guangzhou A Share Aquatic Science and Technology Co. LTD, China
| | - Yongjian Liu
- Guangzhou A Share Aquatic Science and Technology Co. LTD, China
| | - Junwa Huang
- Guangzhou A Share Aquatic Science and Technology Co. LTD, China
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Ferreira-Martins D, Walton E, Karlstrom RO, Sheridan MA, McCormick SD. The GH/IGF axis in the sea lamprey during metamorphosis and seawater acclimation. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2023; 571:111937. [PMID: 37086859 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
How the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system affects osmoregulation in basal vertebrates remains unknown. We examined changes in the expression of components of the GH/IGF axis and gill ion transporters during metamorphosis and following seawater (SW) exposure of sea lamprey. During metamorphosis, increases in gill nka and nkcc1 and salinity tolerance were accompanied by increases in pituitary gh, liver igf1, gill ghr and igf1, but not liver ghr. SW exposure of fully metamorphosed sea lamprey resulted in slight increases in plasma chloride concentrations after SW exposure, indicating a high level of SW tolerance, but no major changes in mRNA levels of gill ion transporters or components of the GH/IGF axis. Our results indicate that metamorphosis is a critical point in the lifecycle of sea lamprey for stimulation of the GH/IGF axis and is temporally associated with and likely promotes metamorphosis and SW tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Ferreira-Martins
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Emily Walton
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Rolf O Karlstrom
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Mark A Sheridan
- Department of Biological Sciences, 2901 Main St, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, 79409, USA.
| | - Stephen D McCormick
- Department of Biology, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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Kaneko N, Ishikawa T, Nomura K. Effects of the short-term fasting and refeeding on growth-related genes in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 265:110826. [PMID: 36608929 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) spends a long period as the leptocephalus larval form under current rearing conditions. The duration of the larval stage until metamorphosis is influenced by body size and growth; however, little knowledge exists of the regulatory mechanism of growth in eel larvae. The present study focused on growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs), and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) as the central regulators of growth in teleost fishes and transforming growth factor-beta 3 (TGF-β3) as a possible key modulator of muscle growth and body component synthesis. Japanese eel IGFBP-1a and TGF-β3, comprising 264 and 411 amino acids, respectively, were cloned. Short-term (5-day) fasting and refeeding experiments were performed to understand changes in growth-related genes affected by nutritional status. The relative expression of gh increased with fasting and subsequently decreased with refeeding to the basal levels of the fed control. Relative igf-1 and igf-2 expression levels were high in the fasted group. Relative igf-1 was reduced after 2-day refeeding, whereas igf-2 decreased to the basal level after 1-day refeeding, suggesting that IGF-1 and IGF-2 might be regulated independently and contribute to postnatal growth in eel larvae. Relative igfbp-1a expression was sharply increased by fasting, whereas tgf-β3 showed high and low values in the fed and fasted groups, respectively. Relative igfbp-1a and tgf-β3 levels were negatively and positively correlated with body size, respectively. These results suggest that igfbp-1a and tgf-β3 are potential indices of growth for exploring optimal rearing conditions to shorten the larval stage in Japanese eels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuto Kaneko
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Nansei Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minamiise, Mie 516-0193, Japan.
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Nansei Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minamiise, Mie 516-0193, Japan
| | - Kazuharu Nomura
- Fisheries Technology Institute, Nansei Field Station, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Minamiise, Mie 516-0193, Japan
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Effects of Zinc Status on Expression of Zinc Transporters, Redox-Related Enzymes and Insulin-like Growth Factor in Asian Sea Bass Cells. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12030338. [PMID: 36979030 PMCID: PMC10045770 DOI: 10.3390/biology12030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Since Asian sea bass is one of the economically most important fish, aquaculture conditions are constantly optimized. Evidence from feeding studies combined with the current understanding of the importance of zinc for growth and immune defense suggest that zinc supplementation may be a possible approach to optimize aquacultures of Asian sea bass. To investigate the effects of zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation, cells from Asian sea bass were incubated in culture medium with different zinc contents. The expression of genes, important for zinc homeostasis, redox metabolism, and growth hormones was analyzed using RT-PCR. Zinc deficiency induced the expression of certain zinc transporters (ZIP14, ZIP10, ZIP6, ZIP4, ZnT4, ZnT9) as well as of SOD1, IGF I and IGF II, while expression of ZnT1 and metallothionein (MT) was reduced. Zinc supplementation decreased the expression of ZIP10, while expression of ZnT1 and MT were elevated. No differences in the effects of zinc supplementation with zinc sulfate compared to supplementation with zinc amino acid complexes were observed. Thus, extracellular zinc conditions may govern the cellular zinc homeostasis, the redox metabolism and growth hormone expression in cells from Asian sea bass as reported for other fish species. Our data indicate that supplementing aquacultures with zinc may be recommended to avoid detriments of zinc deficiency.
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11
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Xu H, Wang W, Nie Z, Miao X, Li Y. Delayed First Feeding Chronically Impairs Larval Fish Growth Performance, Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, and Visceral Lipid Deposition at the Mouth-Opening Stage. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:140-149. [PMID: 36510098 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10187-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
During the mouth-opening stage, fish larvae are susceptible to delayed first feeding (DFF). In this study, we explored the effects of DFF for two days on later growth and energy metabolism in larval fish. Results showed that DFF chronically impaired larval growth performance, thereby reducing the efficiency of feed utilization by larvae. In DFF larvae, the mRNA levels of growth inhibitors (i.e., igfbp1a and igfbp1b) were significantly upregulated and consistently maintained at high expression levels, which may be an important attribution of larval growth retardation. Concomitantly, DFF retarded the growth of adipose tissue and reduced lipid deposition in larval viscera, suggesting lipid metabolism is disordered in DFF larvae and generates inefficient lipid reserves. In the liver, we observed that DFF resulted in a significant accumulation of neutral lipids, and this phenotype did not disappear rapidly after DFF larvae received exogenous nutrition. As to the transcript analyses, we found that the expression of genes related to hepatic lipid synthesis (e.g., srebf1, srebf2, dgat1a, dgat1b, fasn, and scdb) in DFF larvae was consistently upregulated, while the expression of genes involved in lipid transport (e.g., apoa2, apoa4b.1, and apoa4b.3) was downregulated. Therefore, it appears that the inefficient lipid reserves in DFF larvae are associated with their hepatic lipid transport dysfunction. Taken together, our findings contribute to understanding the impairments to fish larvae caused by delayed first feeding during the mouth-opening stage and to aiding larval management in the aquaculture industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Chongqing, 401329, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Wenbo Wang
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhentao Nie
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xiaomin Miao
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yun Li
- Fisheries and Aquaculture Biotechnology Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (CHONGQING) Science City, Chongqing, 401329, China.
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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12
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Jiang D, Li S, Liang Y, Ma J, Wang B, Zhang C. Protective effects of the fructooligosaccharide on the growth performance, biochemical indexes, and intestinal morphology of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:139-153. [PMID: 36538149 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, biochemical indexes, intestinal morphology, and growth-related gene expression of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila (AH). Two hundred twenty-five healthy blunt snout bream with an initial body weight of 38.41 ± 0.88 g were randomly divided into five groups with three replicates: control (basal diet), model (AH + basal diet), SFOS (AH + 2 g/kg FOS), MFOS (AH + 4 g/kg FOS), LFOS (AH + 6 g/kg FOS). After 9 weeks of feeding, the results showed that the FOS-added diet abrogated AH-induced retardation, hemorrhage, and inflammatory infiltration. FOS supplementation enhanced the growth performance degradation caused by AH, and the highest growth performance was observed at MFOS. Meanwhile, the addition of FOS to feed improved the blood immunity reduced by AH. In expansion, the mucosal epithelium of intestinal villi exfoliated, exposing the lamina propria, and a few villi were genuinely harmed in the model group. Fish fed with MFOS ameliorated the damaged intestine, evidenced by well-preserved intestine architecture. Furthermore, the model group downregulated the expression of growth-related genes (growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)). Fish fed with 2 g/kg or 4 g/kg FOS upregulated the genes specified above expressions in the liver compared with the model group. In conclusion, the results mentioned above suggested that the dietary FOS could relieve the pressure to elevate the immune damage and intestine injury induced by AH and enhance the hepatic expression of IGF-1 and GHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengnan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuexia Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Junqi Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingke Wang
- Henan Academy of Fishery Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450040, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunnuan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Canosa LF, Bertucci JI. The effect of environmental stressors on growth in fish and its endocrine control. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1109461. [PMID: 37065755 PMCID: PMC10098185 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1109461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish body growth is a trait of major importance for individual survival and reproduction. It has implications in population, ecology, and evolution. Somatic growth is controlled by the GH/IGF endocrine axis and is influenced by nutrition, feeding, and reproductive-regulating hormones as well as abiotic factors such as temperature, oxygen levels, and salinity. Global climate change and anthropogenic pollutants will modify environmental conditions affecting directly or indirectly fish growth performance. In the present review, we offer an overview of somatic growth and its interplay with the feeding regulatory axis and summarize the effects of global warming and the main anthropogenic pollutants on these endocrine axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Fabián Canosa
- Instituto Tecnológico Chascomús (INTECH), CONICET-EByNT-UNSAM, Chascomús, Argentina
- *Correspondence: Luis Fabián Canosa, ; Juan Ignacio Bertucci,
| | - Juan Ignacio Bertucci
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IEO-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
- *Correspondence: Luis Fabián Canosa, ; Juan Ignacio Bertucci,
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14
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Evaluation of Garlic Juice Processing Waste Supplementation in Juvenile Black Rockfish ( Sebastes schlegelii) Diets on Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Digestive Enzyme Activity, Growth- and Antioxidant-Related Gene Expression, and Disease Resistance against Streptococcus iniae. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12243512. [PMID: 36552431 PMCID: PMC9774645 DOI: 10.3390/ani12243512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of various dietary levels of garlic juice processing waste (GJPW) on the growth, feed utilization, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activity, growth- and antioxidant-related gene expression, and resistance to Streptococcus iniae infection of juvenile black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii). A total of 450 juvenile rockfish were randomly distributed into 30 L rectangular tanks (30 fish per tank). Five experimental diets were prepared in triplicate. The fish were fed experimental diets supplemented with GJPW at concentrations of 0 (GJPW0, control), 2.5 (GJPW2.5), 5 (GJPW5), 7.5 (GJPW7.5), and 10 g kg-1 (GJPW10) diet. All of the GJPW-supplemented treatments (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 g kg-1) significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme activity (amylase, trypsin, and lipase). A decreasing trend was seen in plasma aspartate aminotransferase (ALT), alanine aminotransferase (AST), and glucose (GLU) content with increasing dietary levels of GJPW. In contrast, plasma lysozyme and antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased with increasing dietary GJPW levels. Furthermore, GJPW administration significantly upregulated the expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) in the liver of rockfish. A challenge test with S. iniae showed significantly higher resistance in the GJPW-supplemented treatments than in the control. In short, dietary supplementation GJPW enhanced growth performance and antioxidant response in juvenile black rockfish, with suitable effects in fish fed with 2.5 g kg-1 GJPW for 8 weeks.
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15
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Celino-Brady FT, Breves JP, Seale AP. Sex-specific responses to growth hormone and luteinizing hormone in a model teleost, the Mozambique tilapia. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 329:114119. [PMID: 36029822 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Across the vertebrate lineage, sexual dimorphism in body size is a common phenomenon that results from trade-offs between growth and reproduction. To address how key hormones that regulate growth and reproduction interact in teleost fishes, we studied Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) to determine whether the activities of luteinizing hormone (Lh) are modulated by growth hormone (Gh), and conversely, whether targets of Gh are affected by the presence of Lh. In particular, we examined how gonadal morphology and specific gene transcripts responded to ovine GH (oGH) and/or LH (oLH) in hypophysectomized male and female tilapia. Hypophysectomized females exhibited a diminished gonadosomatic index (GSI) concomitant with ovarian follicular atresia. The combination of oGH and oLH restored GSI and ovarian morphology to conditions observed in sham-operated controls. A similar pattern was observed for GSI in males. In control fish, gonadal gh receptor (ghr2) and estrogen receptor β (erβ) expression was higher in females versus males. A combination of oGH and oLH restored erβ and arβ in females. In males, testicular insulin-like growth factor 3 (igf3) expression was reduced following hypophysectomy and subsequently restored to control levels by either oGH or oLH. By contrast, the combination of both hormones was required to recover ovarian igf3 expression in females. In muscle, ghr2 expression was more responsive to oGH in males versus females. In the liver of hypophysectomized males, igf2 expression was diminished by both oGH and oLH; there was no effect of hypophysectomy, oGH, or oLH on igf2 expression in females. Collectively, our results indicate that gene transcripts associated with growth and reproduction exhibit sex-specific responses to oGH and oLH. These responses reflect, at least in part, how hormones mediate trade-offs between growth and reproduction, and thus sexual dimorphism, in teleost fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzie T Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA
| | - Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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16
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Panteli N, Demertzioglou M, Feidantsis K, Karapanagiotis S, Tsele N, Tsakoniti K, Gkagkavouzis K, Mylonas CC, Kormas KA, Mente E, Antonopoulou E. Advances in understanding the mitogenic, metabolic, and cell death signaling in teleost development: the case of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili, Risso 1810). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2022; 48:1665-1684. [PMID: 36459361 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-022-01146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cell growth and differentiation signals of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a key regulator in embryonic and postnatal development, are mediated through the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), which activates several downstream pathways. The present study aims to address crucial organogenesis and development pathways including Akt, MAPKs, heat shock response, apoptotic and autophagic machinery, and energy metabolism in relation to IGF-1R activation during five developmental stages of reared Seriola dumerili: 1 day prior to hatching fertilized eggs (D-1), hatching day (D0), 3 days post-hatching larvae (D3), 33 (D33) and 46 (D46) days post-hatching juveniles. During both the fertilized eggs stage and larval-to-juvenile transition, IGF-1R/Akt pathway activation may mediate the hypertrophic signaling, while p44/42 MAPK phosphorylation was apparent at S. dumerili post-hatching processes and juvenile organs completion. On the contrary, apoptosis was induced during embryogenesis and autophagy at hatching day indicating a potential involvement in morphogenetic rearrangements and yolk-sac reserves depletion. Larvae morphogenesis was accompanied by a metabolic turnover with increased substantial energy consumption. The findings of the present study demonstrate the developmental stages-specific shift in critical signaling pathways during the ontogeny of reared S. dumerili.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolas Panteli
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Demertzioglou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Feidantsis
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | | | - Konstantinos Gkagkavouzis
- Department of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Genomics and Epigenomics Translational Research (GENeTres), Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Balkan Center, Buildings A & B 10th km Thessaloniki-Thermi Rd, P.O. Box 8318, 57001, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Constantinos C Mylonas
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Center for Marine Research, P.O. Box 2214, 71003, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Ar Kormas
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, School of Agricultural Sciences, University of Thessaly, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Eleni Mente
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Ichthyology-Culture and Pathology of Aquatic Animals, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Efthimia Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Department of Zoology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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17
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Alonso-Gómez A, Madera D, Alonso-Gómez ÁL, Valenciano AI, Delgado MJ. Daily Rhythms in the IGF-1 System in the Liver of Goldfish and Their Synchronization to Light/Dark Cycle and Feeding Time. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233371. [PMID: 36496892 PMCID: PMC9739714 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) system in several physiological processes is well-known in vertebrates, although little information about their temporal organization is available. This work aims to investigate the possible rhythmicity of the different components of the IGF-1 system (igf-1, the igf1ra and igf1rb receptors and the paralogs of its binding proteins IGFBP1 and IGFBP2) in the liver of goldfish. In addition, we also study the influence of two environmental cues, the light/dark cycle and feeding time, as zeitgebers. The hepatic igf-1 expression showed a significant daily rhythm with the acrophase prior to feeding time, which seems to be strongly dependent on both zeitgebers. Only igfbp1a-b and igfbp1b-b paralogs exhibited a robust daily rhythm of expression in the liver that persists in fish held under constant darkness or randomly fed. The hepatic expression of the two receptor subtypes did not show daily rhythms in any of the experimental conditions. Altogether these results point to the igf-1, igfbp1a-b, and igfbp1b-b as clock-controlled genes, supporting their role as putative rhythmic outputs of the hepatic oscillator, and highlight the relevance of mealtime as an external cue for the 24-h rhythmic expression of the IGF-1 system in fish.
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18
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Horie Y, Nomura M, Ramaswamy BR, Harino H, Yap CK, Okamura H. Thyroid hormone disruption by bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 252:106312. [PMID: 36174385 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of water bodies with plasticizers is a serious environmental problem worldwide. In this study, we investigated the effects of plasticizers bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and bis-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA) in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). DEHP significantly increased the expression of all the genes tested: thyroid stimulating hormone beta subunit (tshβ-like), tshβ, deiodinase 1 (dio1), deiodinase 2 (dio2), and thyroid hormone receptor alpha (trα) and beta (trβ). However, DEHA only significantly increased tshβ at 7.4 µg/L but significantly decreased dio2 expression at 25.8, 111.1, and 412.6 4 µg/L, while other genes were not significantly affected. Both chemicals reduced eye size and total body length, but did not affect embryo development, hatching time and rate, and swimming performance. DEHA alone affected swim bladder inflation and not DEHP. This is the first report that not only DEHP but also DEHA disrupt thyroid hormone activity in fish. DEHP contamination (13.2 μg/L) was detected in tap water from Kobe, Japan; thus, tap water itself may disrupt thyroid hormone activity in Japanese medaka. Importantly, the effective concentration of DEHP for thyroid hormone-related gene expression and growth was close to or lower than DEHP concentrations reported in surface water elsewhere, indicating that DEHP contamination is a serious aquatic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
| | - Miho Nomura
- Graduate School of Maritime Science, Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
| | - Babu Rajendran Ramaswamy
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620024, India
| | - Hiroya Harino
- School of Human Sciences, Kobe College, 4-1 Okadayama, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 662-8505, Japan
| | - Chee Kong Yap
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hideo Okamura
- Research Center for Inland Seas (KURCIS), Kobe University, Fukaeminami-machi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe 658-0022, Japan
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Identification and Functional Analysis of the Cell Proliferation Regulator, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) in Freshwater Pearl Mussel ( Hyriopsis cumingii). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091369. [PMID: 36138849 PMCID: PMC9495379 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) plays an important regulatory role in the regulation of growth, differentiation, and anabolism in a variety of cells. In this study, the full-length cDNA of the IGF1 gene was cloned from Hyriopsis cumingii, named HcIGF1. The expression level of HcIGF1 in six tissues (adductor muscle, foot, hepatopancreas, gill, mantle, and gonad) was determined. In addition, the localization of HcIGF1 in the mantle was analyzed by in situ hybridization, and finally the function of HcIGF1 was explored by RNA interference and prokaryotic expression. The results showed that the amino acid sequence contained a typical IIGF structural domain. The phylogenetic tree showed that HcIGF1 clustered with other marine bivalve sequences. Quantitative real-time PCR and in situ hybridization analysis showed that HcIGF1 was expressed in all tissues. The highest expression was in the foot and the lowest was in the mantle. In the mantle tissue, the hybridization signal was mainly concentrated in the outer mantle. After RNA interference, the expression of IGF1 was found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05), and its related genes IGF1R, AKT1, and cyclin D2 were downregulated, while MAPK1 were upregulated. The recombinant HcIGF1 protein was purified and its growth-promoting effect was investigated. The results showed that the recombinant HcIGF1 protein could significantly promote the proliferative activity of the mantle cells of mussels, with the best proliferative effect at 12.5 μg/mL. The results of this study provide a new method to solve the problem of weak proliferation of shellfish cells in vitro and lay the foundation for further understanding of the growth regulation mechanism of H. cumingii, as well as a better understanding of the physiological function of IGF1 in mollusks.
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20
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Pregelatinized starch improves growth and mitigates adverse liver/intestinal histomorphology in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides, juveniles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Evaluating local strains of soybean and corn cultivars in the diets of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus): growth and insulin-like growth factor 1, intestinal health, and inflammation features. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recently, the high cost of aquafeed affected fish farming feasibility in some countries, including Egypt. The imported soybean meal and corn ingredients consume a large amount of the hard currency, thereby increasing feed prices. Thus, the current study investigated the different sources of soybean and corn on the performances of Nile tilapia. Fish fed with the diet I (based on Egyptian soybean meal cultivar and cornmeal cultivar) or diet II (based on imported soybean meal cultivar and cornmeal cultivar) in a 90-day feeding trial. The results showed no marked effects on the growth performance, protein efficacy ratio, and FCR in the case of fish-fed diet I or diet II. No histological alterations were observed in the skeletal muscle, hepatopancreas, spleen, and intestines, while the diet I-fed group showed normal architecture of the above-listed organs. The expression of liver and muscle IGF-1 showed no changes in fish-fed diet I or diet II. No diet-related variations were observed in IL-1β expression in the spleen but increased regulation in the liver of the diet II group compared to the diet I group. Furthermore, significant upregulation of SOD and HSP70 genes were seen in the spleen and liver of the diet II-fed group. We conclude that the inclusion of the Egyptian soybean meal cultivar and cornmeal cultivar (diet I) did not reduce the growth performance and immune-related genes compared with the imported soybean meal cultivar and cornmeal cultivar (diet II).
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22
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Effects of dietary taurine amino acid on growth performance, mucosal and immune response, gene expression and antioxidant defence of asian seabass (Lates calcarifer). Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:3503-3510. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Simó I, Faggiani M, Fernandez DA, Sciara AA, Arranz SE. The cellular basis of compensatory muscle growth in the teleost Odontesthes bonariensis. J Exp Biol 2021; 225:273693. [PMID: 34889453 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.242567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluates white muscle growth and in vivo cell proliferation during a fasting and refeeding trial, using pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis as animal model, in order to better understand the cellular basis governing catch-up growth. Experiments consisted in two groups of fish, a control one continuously fed ad libitum, and a group fasted for 2 weeks and then fed for another 2 weeks. We examined how the formation of new muscle fibers and their increase in size were related to muscle precursor cell (MPC) proliferation under both experimental conditions. During fasting, the number of 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridinepositive (EdU+) cells decreased along with myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) mRNA levels related to myoblast proliferation and differentiation, and the muscle stem cell-markerPax7 mRNA level increased. Analysis of myomere cross-sectional area, distribution of muscle fiber sizes and number of fibers per myomere showed that muscle hypertrophy but not hyperplasia was inhibited during fasting. Both higher igf2 mRNA level and the persistence of cell proliferation could be supporting new myofibre formation. On the other hand, an exacerbated MPC proliferation occurred during catch-up growth, and this increase in cell number could be contributing to the growth of both pre-existing and newly form small fibers. The finding that some MPCs proliferate during fasting and that muscle growth mechanisms, hyperplasia and hypertrophy, are differentially regulated could help to explain why re-fed fish could growth at higher rates, and why they return to the lost growth trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Simó
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo Acuario del Río Paraná, Av. Eduardo Carrasco y Cordiviola s/n, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Mariano Faggiani
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo Acuario del Río Paraná, Av. Eduardo Carrasco y Cordiviola s/n, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Daniel A Fernandez
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA), Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego (UNTDF), Fuegiabasket 251, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina.,Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET), Bernardo A. Houssay 200, V9410BXE Ushuaia, Argentina
| | - Andrés A Sciara
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo Acuario del Río Paraná, Av. Eduardo Carrasco y Cordiviola s/n, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
| | - Silvia E Arranz
- Laboratorio Mixto de Biotecnología Acuática, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario (UNR), Centro Científico, Tecnológico y Educativo Acuario del Río Paraná, Av. Eduardo Carrasco y Cordiviola s/n, Rosario, 2000, Argentina
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Mzengereza K, Ishikawa M, Koshio S, Yokoyama S, Yukun Z, Shadrack RS, Seo S, Kotani T, Dossou S, Basuini MFE, Dawood MAO. Growth Performance, Growth-Related Genes, Digestibility, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Immune and Stress Responses of de novo Camelina Meal in Diets of Red Seabream ( Pagrus major). Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113118. [PMID: 34827850 PMCID: PMC8614381 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Fish meal (FM) is the major protein source in aquafeed to achieve sustainable aquaculture production. However, the supply of FM is low due to high cost and low availability. There is ongoing conceited research to identify alternative viable protein sources to replace the finite FM. Novel camelina meal (CM) is a plant protein with high amino acids levels and has been tested as an alternative protein source in livestock feeding. However, there is limited information on supplementation of the CM in aquaculture diets. In this study, four diets were formulated to contain 0% plant protein, 205 g/kg soybean meal, and two levels of CM (205 g/kg and 330 g/kg) in diets fed to red seabream. Results indicated that adding CM 205 g/kg in diets-maintained growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and nutrient digestibility regulated the immunity and stress resistance and modulated the growth-related genes in red seabream. These findings provide the first step in using novel CM and are essential for future practical formulations of feed for red seabream and other marine fish species. Abstract A 60-day experiment was designed to assess the effect of different ratios of fish meal (FM): camelina meal plant protein (CM) on growth response and relative gene expression of growth-promoting factors, feed utilization potency, digestive enzymes activities, apparent digestibility (ADC), stress response, non-specific immunity of Pagrus major. Four isonitrogenous (490.7 g/kg of crude protein) and isolipidic (91.5 g/kg total lipid) experimental diets were formulated and designated as camelina meal (CM0), soyabean meal (SBM20.5), CM20.5, and CM33 based on protein contents. At the end of the feed trial, significantly higher (p < 0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake but lower feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 than fish fed CM33. The lowest growth, feed utilization, enzyme activity, and digestibility were recorded in fish fed CM33. Significantly higher pepsin, amylase, and protease activities were observed in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 diets than fish fed CM33. The highest ADC of protein was recorded in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 diets. Hematocrit levels were depressed CM33 while total serum protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly changed by the inclusion of CM. Non-specific immune variables (lysozyme activity, peroxidase activity in serum and nitro blue tetrazolium) in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 were significantly higher than in fish fed CM33 diet. The superoxide dismutase of fish fed CM20.5 was not significantly different from CM0 and SBM20.5 (p > 0.05). Catalase and low salinity stress test show that CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 were not significantly (p > 0.05) different, while CM33 was significantly lower than the rest of the diets. TBARs show that CM20.5 and CM33 diets were significantly different (p < 0.05), but CM20.5 was not significantly different from SBM20.5. Significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA expression was found in fish-fed diet groups CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 than fish fed CM33. The present study indicated that the addition of CM up 205 kg/kg to diet maintains growth, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility, immunity, stress resistance, and feed utilization efficiency of red sea bream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumbukani Mzengereza
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (R.S.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
- Department of Aquatic and Fisheries Science, Private Bag 201, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu 105200, Malawi
| | - Manabu Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Shunsuke Koshio
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Saichiro Yokoyama
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Zhang Yukun
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (R.S.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Ronick S. Shadrack
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (R.S.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Seok Seo
- The United Graduate School of Agriculture Sciences, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (K.M.); (Z.Y.); (R.S.S.); (S.S.)
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan; (M.I.); (S.K.); (S.Y.)
| | - Tomonari Kotani
- Laboratory of Larval Rearing Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan;
| | - Serge Dossou
- Laboratoire d’Hydrobiologie et Aquaculture, Faculté des Sciences Agronomies’, Université d’Abomey Calavi, Cotonou 01 BP:526, Benin;
| | - Mohammed F. El Basuini
- Faculty of Desert Agriculture, King Salman International University, South Sinai 46612, Egypt;
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A. O. Dawood
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Correspondence:
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Fasil DM, Hamdi H, Al-Barty A, Zaid AA, Parashar SKS, Das B. Selenium and Zinc Oxide Multinutrient Supplementation Enhanced Growth Performance in Zebra Fish by Modulating Oxidative Stress and Growth-Related Gene Expression. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:721717. [PMID: 34692654 PMCID: PMC8528278 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.721717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium and zinc are important dietary micronutrients having antimicrobial and antioxidant roles, thereby assisting in normal development, and an enhanced immune system. Supplementation of selenium and zinc for enhancing the growth performance and reproductive capacity in fish was explored in this study. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) using a 10-h dry milling technique at a 10:1 ball-to-powder ratio (BPR) and were premixed with basal feed followed by the administration to adult zebra fish (D. rerio) (2 months old) for 30 days. Growth analysis revealed that zebra fish fed with SeNPs + ZnONPs (2 mg/ kg, equimolar mixture) had significantly higher length and weight than only SeNP (2 mg/ kg) or ZnONP (2 mg/ kg) groups and control zebra fish (p < 0.05). The average length–weight relationships were assessed by estimating the condition factor (C), which was highest in the SeNP + ZnONP group (1.96), followed by a downward trend in SeNP (C = 1.15) and ZnONP (1.11) (p < 0.05). Relative gene expression of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 was significantly high in the SeNP + ZnONP group compared to other groups (p < 0.05), which indicated that combined administration of both the nanoparticles in basal feed enhanced the growth performance of zebra fish. Intracellular ROS generation was low in the combined group, followed by control, SeNP, and ZnONP groups, indicating higher concentrations of both nanoparticles, in particular, ZnONPs induced oxidative stress. Fecundity and the development of fertilized embryos were significantly high in the SeNP + ZnONP–treated zebra fish compared to only the SeNP- or ZnONP-treated group or control (p < 0.05). These findings indicated that supplementation of SeNP + ZnONP in basal feed could considerably improve the growth performance and development of zebra fish which could be exploited for enhancing aquaculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawit Moges Fasil
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Hamida Hamdi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Al-Barty
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Abu Zaid
- Department of Biology, Alkhormah University College, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - S K S Parashar
- School of Applied Science, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Biswadeep Das
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, KIIT Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, India
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26
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Ma P, Hu Z, Li L, Li D, Tang R. Dietary selenium promotes the growth performance through growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axes in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:1313-1327. [PMID: 34241763 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00974-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se), an essential component of deiodinases (DIOs), regulates the contents of thyroid hormones and thus improves animal growth. To explore the influences of selenium supplementation on fish growth metabolism, a total of 270 healthy grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into three groups and feed three graded dietary selenium (0.141, 0.562, and 1.044 mg Se/kg) levels. The results showed that after 60-day feeding, dietary selenium improved the final body weight and specific growth rate (SGR) of grass carp. The hepatic DIO activities in selenium-supplemented groups were higher than those in control group. A significant increase in triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels was accompanied by a decrease in the contents of thyroxine (T4) and free thyroxine (FT4) in selenium-supplemented groups. The histopathological observation of thyroid suggested that selenium deficiency resulted in hypertrophy of follicular epithelial cells. Moreover, the gene relative expression levels of dio1, dio2, and dio3 showed an increasing trend with the rising concentration of dietary selenium. The transcription levels of HPT axis-related genes (crh, tsh-β, ttr, tr-s, tpo, nis) and GH/IGF1-related genes (gh, ghr, igf1, igf1r) were significantly upregulated in selenium-supplemented groups. No significant differences in the above indicators were observed between 0.562 and 1.044 mg Se/kg diet group except T3 content and dio1 relative expression ratio. These results indicate that dietary selenium supplementation improves the hepatic DIO activities and thyroid hormone metabolism and regulates the transcription levels of HPT and GH/IGF axis-related genes, which may be responsible for the growth promotion in grass carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhenyi Hu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Li Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dapeng Li
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Rong Tang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Epigenetic mapping of the somatotropic axis in Nile tilapia reveals differential DNA hydroxymethylation marks associated with growth. Genomics 2021; 113:2953-2964. [PMID: 34214627 PMCID: PMC7611323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In vertebrates, the somatotropic axis comprising the pituitary gland, liver and muscle plays a major role in myogenesis. Its output in terms of muscle growth is highly affected by nutritional and environmental cues, and thus likely epigenetically regulated. Hydroxymethylation is emerging as a DNA modification that modulates gene expression but a holistic characterization of the hydroxymethylome of the somatotropic axis has not been investigated to date. Using reduced representation 5-hydroxymethylcytosine profiling we demonstrate tissue-specific localization of 5-hydroxymethylcytosines at single nucleotide resolution. Their abundance within gene bodies and promoters of several growth-related genes supports their pertinent role in gene regulation. We propose that cytosine hydroxymethylation may contribute to the phenotypic plasticity of growth through epigenetic regulation of the somatotropic axis.
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Maulu S, Liang H, Ge X, Yu H, Huang D, Ke J, Ren M, Mi H. Effect of dietary Clostridium autoethanogenum protein on growth, body composition, plasma parameters and hepatic genes expression related to growth and AMPK/TOR/PI3K signaling pathway of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT: Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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29
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Gopal RN, Kumar D, Singh VK, Pati AK, Lal B. Sexual dimorphism in ultradian and 24h rhythms in plasma levels of growth hormone in Indian walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:858-870. [PMID: 33820463 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1896533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH), a key regulator of somatic and reproductive growth in vertebrates, has been extensively studied, although primarily in female fish. Despite numerous reports about sex- and species-specific growth patterns in fish, to our knowledge, there is no report about the 24 h rhythm of plasma GH in male fish. Thus, we aimed to investigate temporal variations in plasma GH levels and the existence of any rhythms therein during the reproductively active months of March to August in the male walking catfish, Clarias batrachus. We also aimed to compare the secretory temporal patterns of GH in male-female specimens of C. batrachus to decipher sexual dimorphism in GH secretions in fish. After 14 days of acclimation to the natural environment, male catfish (N = 240 in total) were sorted and randomly divided into eight groups for study at ZT0 (sunrise ~06:00 h), 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21. During each month, physical parameters like duration of photoperiod and water temperature were measured. Male catfish (n = 40/month) in all eight groups were sampled (n = 5/group) at each time point under the natural time-of-year 24 h light-dark (LD) cycle. Male catfish were anesthetized and blood was collected through a caudal puncture, centrifuged, and plasma isolated. Plasma GH was measured using a competitive homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Further, testes were removed, weighed, and the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was calculated. A significant effect of time and season (p ˂ 0.05, two-way ANOVA) on plasma GH level was detected. Cosinor analyses verified the existence of statistically significant (p ˂ 0.05) ultradian (12 h) and 24 h rhythms of plasma GH in male C. batrachus, with the higher values of Mesor (time series mean) and amplitude (one-half peak-to-trough difference) of the periodicities from March to July. Mapping of the acrophases (peak times) showed two ultradian and one 24 h acrophase of GH during the early photophase and early scotophase from March to August. Distinct sexual-dimorphism in plasma GH Mesors and acrophases was noticed between male and female catfish. GSI values of male catfish indicate males mature a little earlier than females in terms of size and reproductive activity. The findings that plasma GH show 24 h and seasonal fluctuations in a sex-specific manner collectively demonstrate the importance of considering the effect of biological 24 h and seasonal time and sex on the GH level in regulating the physiology of somatic growth and reproduction in catfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Naresh Gopal
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Dhanananajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, India
| | | | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- School of Life Sciences, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, India
| | - Bechan Lal
- Fish Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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Duncan CA, Cohick WS, John-Alder HB. Testosterone Reduces Growth and Hepatic IGF-1 mRNA in a Female-Larger Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus: Evidence of an Evolutionary Reversal in Growth Regulation. Integr Org Biol 2021; 2:obaa036. [PMID: 33791574 PMCID: PMC7715992 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has demonstrated that testosterone (T) can inhibit growth in female-larger species and stimulate growth in male-larger species, but the underlying mechanisms of this regulatory bipotentiality have not been investigated. In this study, we investigated the effects of T on the expression of hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) mRNA and circulating IGF-1 hormone in Sceloporus undulatus, a species of lizard in which females grow faster to become larger than males and in which T inhibits growth. Experiments were performed in captivity on mature female and male adults in the asymptotic phase of their growth curve and on actively growing, pre-reproductive juveniles. In adult males, the expression of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA increased following surgical castration and returned to control levels with T replacement; in intact adult females, exogenous T had no effect on IGF-1 mRNA expression. In juveniles, T significantly reduced both growth and the expression of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA to similar extents in intact females and in castrated males. The relative inhibitory effects of T on mRNA expression were greater in juveniles than in adults. Plasma IGF-1 hormone was about four times higher in juveniles than in adults, but T had no significant effect on IGF-1 hormone in either sex or in either age group. Our finding of inhibition of the expression of hepatic IGF-1 mRNA stands in contrast to the stimulatory effects of T in the published body of literature. We attribute our novel finding to our use of a species in which T inhibits rather than stimulates growth. Our findings begin to explain how T has the regulatory bipotentiality to be stimulatory in some species and inhibitory in others, requiring only an evolutionary reversal in the molecular regulation of growth-regulatory genes including IGF-1. Further comparative transcriptomic studies will be required to fully resolve the molecular mechanism of growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wendie S Cohick
- Graduate Program in Endocrinology and Animal Biosciences, Rutgers University, 84 Lipman Drive, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
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Gopan A, Maiti MK, Varghese T, Lalappan S, Sardar P, Gupta S, Sahu NP. Nutritional evaluation of protein isolate from neem seed cake in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) fingerlings concomitant with oil extraction processing industry. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Samaee SM, Atashbar Kangarloei B, Noori F, Estévez A. An Endeavor to Find Starter Feed Alternatives and Techniques for Zebrafish First-Feeding Larvae: The Effects on Viability, Morphometric Traits, Digestive Enzymes, and Expression of Growth-Related Genes. Zebrafish 2021; 18:73-91. [PMID: 33538651 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2020.1928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Low and variable growth and survival rates (SR) of 6-10 days postfertilization zebrafish larvae are a problem. This problem seems to be linked to starter feed characteristics. This study is an attempt to find alternatives to address these requests. For this, larvae were fed fresh and lyophilized microalgae (Chlorella, Scenedesmus, and Haematococcus), egg yolk (YOLK), lyophilized Artemia nauplii (LAN), and a combination of them. The lowest SR was observed in algae-fed larvae. All died on day 11 showing an emaciated appearance, similar to starved larvae. The highest SR was observed in YOLK- and LAN-fed larvae, which also showed an elongated anterior part of the body. Negative correlations of SR with vegfaa (vascular endothelial growth factor) and morphometric traits with igf2a (insulin-like growth factor) were also found and supported by changes at the molecular level. The presence of algae in the digestive tract of the larvae and the observation of fecal droppings indicate that the algae have an appropriate size and are palatable. The increase in the digestive enzyme activity shows the larval effort to digest the algae. The fact that the algae-fed larvae died even before the larvae were kept in starvation indicates the dramatic amount of energy that the larvae spent in microalgae digestion. Although both YOLK- and LAN-fed larvae had the highest SR, LAN group started to feed on Artemia nauplii sooner. This can be linked to the delayed growth in YOLK-fed larvae and an accelerated growth in the case of LAN-fed group. LAN is an expensive feed with negative effects on water quality, whereas YOLK is a cheap and nutritionally balanced feed with fine granular texture that contributes to a larval SR similar to LAN without affecting water quality. In conclusion, microalgae cannot be considered a suitable starter food for zebrafish, whereas LAN and YOLK can be considered good starter feeds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Behrooz Atashbar Kangarloei
- Department of Ecology and Resource Assessment, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Noori
- Department of Biology and Aquaculture, Artemia and Aquaculture Research Institute, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Ranjan A, Kumar S, Sahu NP, Jain KK, Deo AD. Exogenous phytase and xylanase supplementation of formulated diets for rohu (Labeo rohita): impact on haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2021; 47:49-58. [PMID: 33099718 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00893-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to delineate the effect of exogenous enzyme supplementation of fermented or non-fermented de-oiled rice bran (DORB) on haematology, histology and expression of IGF I gene expression of Labeo rohita. Four test diets, namely, T1 (DORB), T2 (fermented DORB), T3 (DORB+exogenous enzyme) and T4 (fermented DORB+exogenous enzyme) were formulated and fed to the L. rohita for a period of 60 days. The test diets T3 and T4 were supplemented with 0.1 g kg-1 xylanase (16,000 U kg-1) and 0.1 g kg-1 phytase (500 U kg-1) enzymes. A total of 120 juveniles of L. rohita (average weight 5.01 ± 0.02 g) were stocked in 12 rectangular tanks with 10 fish per tank in triplicates. At the end of the experiment, haematology, histology and IGF I gene expression of the different groups were analysed. The haemoglobin (Hb) content, RBC count and WBC count of L. rohita varied significantly (p < 0.05) among different groups. T3 diet-fed group had the highest Hb content, RBC count and WBC count as compared to the other groups. The MCV content was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in T3 group. The DORB type, exogenous enzyme supplementation and their interaction have no significant (p > 0.05) effect on MCH, MCHC and lymphocyte content of the cultured fish. The group which were fed T3 diet had significantly (p < 0.05) higher IGF-I gene expression as compared to other groups. The histological examination of liver revealed no pathological alteration of this organ. Similarly, there were no pathological changes observed in intestinal tissue in any dietary treatment group. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that exogenous enzyme supplementation of DORB-based diets improves the physiological status and growth performances of Labeo rohita.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Ranjan
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India.
- Institute of Fisheries Post Graduate Studies, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, OMR Campus, Vaniyanchavadi, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 603103, India.
| | - Sarvendra Kumar
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Narottam Prasad Sahu
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Kamal Kant Jain
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
| | - Ashutosh Dharmendra Deo
- Fish Nutrition, Biochemistry and Physiology Division, ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Off Yari Road, Panch Marg, Versova, Mumbai, 400061, India
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Muscle cellularity, growth performance and growth-related gene expression of juvenile climbing perch Anabas testudineus in response to different eggs incubation temperature. J Therm Biol 2021; 96:102830. [PMID: 33627269 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2020.102830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although indigenous climbing perch (Anabas testudineusis) is a highly valuable species, slow growth pattern during the culture period impeding its commercial success in aquaculture. In many fish species, it has been demonstrated that incubation temperature of eggs influenced the muscle development and growth rates, which persisted throughout the subsequent larval and juvenile phases. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether different incubation temperature of eggs prior to hatching can stimulate the muscle development, growth, and growth-related gene expression of the slow-growing indigenous species of climbing perch. The fertilized eggs of A. testudineus from an artificial breeding program were incubated under control temperature of 24 °C (IT24), 26 °C (IT26), 28 °C (IT28), and 30 °C (IT30) in 10L glass aquaria with four replicated units for each temperature treatment. After hatching, the larvae from each incubated temperature were separately reared at ambient temperature for 10 days in aquarium, 20 days in hapas, and the next 42 days in cages, totaling 72 days post-hatching (dph). The hatching rates were found significantly (P < 0.05) higher in IT28 compared to the other incubation temperature treatments. After 72 dph, the growth performances (%length gained, %weight gained and SGR) were found to be significantly highest (P < 0.05) in the IT28, followed by the treatments IT30, IT26, and IT24, respectively. Survival rate (73 ± 1.257%) was also found to be highest in the same treatment. The rate of new muscle fiber formation was identified to be significantly highest (P < 0.05) in IT28 followed by the IT26, IT30 and IT24, respectively. The relative mRNA expression level of GHRH, IGF1, IGF2 and PRL was also significantly highest in the IT28 (P < 0.05) compared to other treatments. Results from the present study clearly suggested that 28 °C is the optimum eggs incubation temperature of the native strain of A. testudineus for its highest growth performances in captive breeding condition.
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Zarantoniello M, Bortoletti M, Olivotto I, Ratti S, Poltronieri C, Negrato E, Caberlotto S, Radaelli G, Bertotto D. Salinity, Temperature and Ammonia Acute Stress Response in Seabream ( Sparus aurata) Juveniles: A Multidisciplinary Study. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:E97. [PMID: 33419050 PMCID: PMC7825456 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the acute response of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles exposed to temperature, salinity and ammonia stress. Radioimmunoassay was used to evaluate cortisol levels, whereas insulin-like growth factors (igf1 and igf2), myostatin (mstn), heat-shock protein 70 (hsp70) and glucocorticoid receptor (gr) gene expression was assessed trough Real-Time PCR. The presence and localization of IGF-I and HSP70 were investigated by immunohistochemistry. In all the stress conditions, a significant increase in cortisol levels was observed reaching higher values in the thermic and chemical stress groups. Regarding fish growth markers, igf1 gene expression was significantly higher only in fish subjected to heat shock stress while, at 60 min, igf2 gene expression was significantly lower in all the stressed groups. Temperature and ammonia changes resulted in a higher mstn gene expression. Molecular analyses on stress response evidenced a time dependent increase in hsp70 gene expression, that was significantly higher at 60 min in fish exposed to heat shock and chemical stress. Furthermore, the same experimental groups were characterized by a significantly higher gr gene expression respect to the control one. Immunostaining for IGF-I and HSP70 antibodies was observed in skin, gills, liver, and digestive system of gilthead seabream juveniles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Zarantoniello
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (I.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Martina Bortoletti
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Ike Olivotto
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (I.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Stefano Ratti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, I-60131 Ancona, Italy; (M.Z.); (I.O.); (S.R.)
| | - Carlo Poltronieri
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Elena Negrato
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefano Caberlotto
- Valle Ca’ Zuliani Società Agricola Srl, I-34074 Monfalcone, Gorizia, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Radaelli
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.B.)
| | - Daniela Bertotto
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science (BCA), University of Padova, Viale dell’Università 16, I-35020 Legnaro, Padova, Italy; (M.B.); (C.P.); (E.N.); (D.B.)
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Wang Y, Xie S, Nie Z, Li Q, Sun Y, Shao N, Gao J, Hu J, Xu P, Xu G. Optimum feeding frequency of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in in-pond raceway recirculating culture system. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:2197-2212. [PMID: 32865717 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00866-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the effects of feeding frequency on the growth, serum biochemical parameters, antioxidant status and hepatic growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic lipase (HL) gene expression levels of juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) reared in an in-pond raceway recirculating culture system (IPRS). Fish (initial body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) were hand-fed with a commercial diet under one of three different feeding frequency treatments (2, 3 or 4 meals/day) for 120 days. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the final body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate of fish fed different feeding frequencies on 30 days and 60 days (P > 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher growth than that fed 4 times/day on 90 days but had higher growth than those fed 3 and 4 times/day on 120 days. No significant differences were found in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, total protein (TP), lysozyme and triglyceride (TG) content, hepatic total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content among fish fed different feeding frequency (P > 0.05). Serum glucose (Glu) content and catalase (CAT) activity decreased, while total cholesterol (TC) content increased with increasing feeding frequency. Fish fed 2 times/day had higher hepatic total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had higher IGF-1 gene mRNA expression on 30 days, 60 days and 120 days (P < 0.05), while no significant difference on 90 days. No significant difference was found in GH gene mRNA expression on 30 days and 60 days, while fish fed 4 times/day had lower values than that fed 2 times/day on 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Fish fed 2 times/day had significantly higher LPL mRNA expression level than that fed 4 times/day on 60 days and 90 days and had significantly higher HL mRNA expression level on 60 days, 90 days and 120 days (P < 0.05). Based on growth, physiology, hepatic gene expression levels, labour costs and intensity, the optimal feeding frequency of largemouth bass (average body weight 5.0 ± 0.4 g) reared in IPRS is 2 times/day. These data are very necessary for the optimizing of culture conditions and feeding management strategy in IPRS culture operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Suming Xie
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhijuan Nie
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Quanjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Nailin Shao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiancao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jiawen Hu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gangchun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resource Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China.
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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Landi E, Karabatas L, Scaglia P, Pisciottano F, Gutiérrez M, Ramírez L, Bergadá I, Rey RA, Jasper HG, Domené HM, Plazas PV, Domené S. Expression of acid-labile subunit (ALS) in developing and adult zebrafish and its role in dorso-ventral patterning during development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 299:113591. [PMID: 32828812 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2020.113591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian acid-labile subunit (ALS) is a serum protein that binds binary complexes between Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and Insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs) extending their half-life and keeping them in the vasculature. Human ALS deficiency (ACLSD), due to homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in IGFALS, leads to moderate short stature with reduced levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-3. There is only one corresponding zebrafish ortholog gene and it has not yet been studied. In this study we elucidate the role of igfals during zebrafish development. In zebrafish embryos igfals mRNA is expressed throughout development, mainly in the brain and subsequently also in the gut and swimbladder. To determine its role during development, we knocked down igfals gene product using morpholinos (MOs). Igfals morphant embryos displayed dorsalization in different degrees of severity, including a shortened trunk and loss of tail. Furthermore, co-injection of human IGFALS (hIGFALS) mRNA was able to rescue the MO-induced phenotype. Finally, overexpression of either hIGFALS or zebrafish igfals (zigfals) mRNA leads to ventralization of embryos including a reduced head and enlarged tail. These findings suggest that als plays an important role in dorso-ventral patterning during zebrafish development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefanía Landi
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Liliana Karabatas
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paula Scaglia
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Francisco Pisciottano
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME), Vuelta de Obligado 2490, C1428ADN Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Laura Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ignacio Bergadá
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Rodolfo A Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Héctor Guillermo Jasper
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Horacio Mario Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Paola Viviana Plazas
- Instituto de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, C1121ABG Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Sabina Domené
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. César Bergadá" (CEDIE), CONICET-FEI-División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez, C1425EFD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Hu Y, Xiao K, Yang J, Liu X, Wang B, Zeng Q, Du H. Effects of feeding frequency on juvenile Chinese sturgeon Acipenser sinensis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17399. [PMID: 33060650 PMCID: PMC7566834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the effects of different feeding frequencies on the growth and the expression of genes in the GH/IGF axis were assessed in juvenile Chinese sturgeon. The newly hatched Chinese sturgeons were bred for 38 days at three different feeding frequencies groups (feeding frequency of two times a day, TWD; three times a day, THD; and four times a day, FOD), and the expression levels of the GH/IGF axis responses to feeding frequency were determined by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the full-length of the Coding Sequences of IGF I and IGF II genes (489-bp and 660-bp, respectively), were cloned and analyzed from Chinese sturgeon the first time. Multiple sequence alignments of IGFs revealed that Chinese sturgeon are high sequence identity to IGFs from other species. The phylogenetic relationships based on the IGF I and IGF II amino acid sequences were consistent with the traditional classification. After 38 days of growth, the three different feeding frequencies groups of Chinese sturgeon had no significant difference of body length, body weight, specific growth rate, the survival rate, the rate of weight gain and the condition factor. However, the relative expression of Chinese sturgeon GH in the pituitary decreased with increasing feeding frequency. The relative expression of Chinese sturgeon GHR in liver and skeletal muscle was deceased with increasing feeding frequency, while the relative expression of GHR in stomach and intestines at THD group was significantly higher than that of at TWD group and FOD group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of Chinese sturgeon IGF I in liver increased significantly with increasing feeding frequency (p < 0.05). The relative expression of IGF I in stomach and skeletal muscle was similar at the three groups. The relative expression of IGF I in intestines was significantly higher at FOD group than at TWD group and THD group (p < 0.05). The relative expression of Chinese sturgeon IGF II in liver at TWD group was significantly higher than that at THD group and FOD group (p < 0.05). However, the relative expression of IGF II in stomach, intestines and skeletal muscle at THD group was higher than that at TWD group and FOD group. Based on these previous studies that liver IGF I is regarded as a biomarker of growth performance, this result suggested that the juvenile Chinese sturgeon is better for growth when feeding four times daily compared to twice and thrice daily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacheng Hu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Kan Xiao
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Binzhong Wang
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Qingkai Zeng
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China
| | - Hejun Du
- Chinese Sturgeon Research Institute, China Three Gorges Corporation, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Project for Conservation of Fishes, Yichang, 443100, Hubei, China.
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Establishment of time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays for detection of growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I in rainbow trout plasma. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 248:110751. [PMID: 32629088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The GH/IGF-I axis influences many aspects of salmonid life history and is involved in a variety of physiological processes that are related to somatic growth (e.g., reproduction, smoltification, and the response to fasting and stress). As such, fisheries studies utilize GH/IGF-I axis components as indicators of growth and metabolic status. This study established time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays (TR-FIAs) for rainbow trout plasma GH and IGF-I using commercially available reagents. For the GH TR-FIA, the ED80 and ED20 were 0.6 and 28.1 ng/mL, the minimum detection limit was 0.2 ng/mL, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (%CV) were 4.1% and 13.4%, respectively. Ethanol remaining from acid-ethanol cryoprecipitation (AEC) of plasma samples to remove IGF binding proteins reduced binding and increased variability in the IGF-I TR-FIA. Drying down and reconstituting extracted samples restored binding and reduced variability. The extraction efficiency of IGF-I standards through AEC, drying down, and reconstitution did not vary over the working range of the assay. For the IGF-I TR-FIA, the ED80 and ED20 were 0.2 and 6.5 ng/mL, the minimum detection limit was 0.03 ng/mL, and the intra- and inter-assay %CV were 3.0% and 6.5%, respectively. Biological validation was provided by GH injection and fasting studies in rainbow trout. Intraperitoneal injection with bovine GH increased plasma IGF-I levels. Four weeks of fasting decreased body weight, increased plasma GH levels, and decreased plasma IGF-I levels. The GH and IGF-I TR-FIAs established herein provide a cost-comparable, non-radioisotopic method for quantifying salmonid plasma GH and IGF-I using commercially available reagents.
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Yada T, Abe M, Kaifu K, Yokouchi K, Fukuda N, Kodama S, Hakoyama H, Ogoshi M, Kaiya H, Sakamoto T, Moriyama S, Tsukamoto K. Ghrelin and food acquisition in wild and cultured Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2020; 245:110700. [PMID: 32294535 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.110700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the relationships between growth, endocrine status and habitat characteristics in Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica), plasma and stomach mRNA levels of ghrelin were examined in wild eels captured in the river and the bay, and in cultured eels during and after experimental fasting. Wild juvenile eels captured in freshwater habitats within the river showed significantly higher plasma and stomach mRNA levels of ghrelin than did fish obtained from brackish-water habitats within the bay. In cultured eels experimentally fasted for 4 weeks, plasma and stomach mRNA levels of ghrelin increased. After refeeding, the both parameters returned to the levels observed in continuously feeding control fish. In pigmented elvers, 2 months of feed restriction resulted in a significant increase in whole-body ghrelin mRNA. It is suggested that interaction between ghrelin and feeding is related to their habitats through differential food acquisition in fresh and brackish water environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yada
- Nikko Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan.
| | - Michihisa Abe
- Nikko Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Nikko, Tochigi 321-1661, Japan
| | - Kenzo Kaifu
- Faculty of Law, Chuo University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0393, Japan
| | - Kazuki Yokouchi
- Yokohama Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Nobuto Fukuda
- Yokohama Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan
| | - Sakie Kodama
- Ueda Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Ueda, Nagano 386-0031, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hakoyama
- Ueda Station, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Ueda, Nagano 386-0031, Japan
| | - Maho Ogoshi
- Faculty of Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Ushimado Marine Institute, Okayama University, Setouchi, Okayama 701-4303, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Moriyama
- Graduate School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373, Japan
| | - Katsumi Tsukamoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Horie Y, Yonekura K, Suzuki A, Takahashi C. Zinc chloride influences embryonic development, growth, and Gh/Igf-1 gene expression during the early life stage in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 230:108684. [PMID: 31874288 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although zinc is an essential element for organisms, excess zinc exposure is harmful. We assessed the possible negative influence of zinc (Zn) on the freshwater fish Danio rerio during its early life stage by using Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guideline no. 210. Lethality of Zn after hatching occurred in a concentration dependent manner. The LC50 and lowest observed effect concentration of mortality values in the present toxicity assay were 2.31 mg/L (95% confidence limit: 1.81-3.05) and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. These values were close to the reported concentration recorded in aquatic environments. Growth inhibition was observed at 15 and 30 days post-hatching with Zn exposure of 1.5 mg/L. In general, the growth hormone (Gh)/insulin-like growth factor-I (Igf-1) axis is important for growth in fishes, and Zn exposure induced a significant reduction of igf-1 expression at the concentration that caused growth inhibition. These findings suggest that the observed growth inhibition was induced by the suppression of igf-1 expression. In addition, these results suggest that by examining gene expression on the Gh/Igf-1 axis, it may be possible to predict growth suppression by chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Horie
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Kei Yonekura
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Ayaka Suzuki
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Chiho Takahashi
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan
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Celino-Brady FT, Lerner DT, Seale AP. Experimental Approaches for Characterizing the Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Environmental Chemicals in Fish. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:619361. [PMID: 33716955 PMCID: PMC7947849 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.619361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing industrial and agricultural activities have led to a disturbing increase of pollutant discharges into the environment. Most of these pollutants can induce short-term, sustained or delayed impacts on developmental, physiological, and behavioral processes that are often regulated by the endocrine system in vertebrates, including fish, thus they are termed endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Physiological impacts resulting from the exposure of these vertebrates to EDCs include abnormalities in growth and reproductive development, as many of the prevalent chemicals are capable of binding the receptors to sex steroid hormones. The approaches employed to investigate the action and impact of EDCs is largely dependent on the specific life history and habitat of each species, and the type of chemical that organisms are exposed to. Aquatic vertebrates, such as fish, are among the first organisms to be affected by waterborne EDCs, an attribute that has justified their wide-spread use as sentinel species. Many fish species are exposed to these chemicals in the wild, for either short or prolonged periods as larvae, adults, or both, thus, studies are typically designed to focus on either acute or chronic exposure at distinct developmental stages. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the approaches and experimental methods commonly used to characterize the effects of some of the environmentally prevalent and emerging EDCs, including 17 α-ethinylestradiol, nonylphenol, BPA, phthalates, and arsenic; and the pervasive and potential carriers of EDCs, microplastics, on reproduction and growth. In vivo and in vitro studies are designed and employed to elucidate the direct effects of EDCs at the organismal and cellular levels, respectively. In silico approaches, on the other hand, comprise computational methods that have been more recently applied with the potential to replace extensive in vitro screening of EDCs. These approaches are discussed in light of model species, age and duration of EDC exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzie T. Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Darren T. Lerner
- University of Hawai’i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Andre P. Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- *Correspondence: Andre P. Seale,
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Fatsini E, Rey S, Ibarra-Zatarain Z, Boltaña S, Mackenzie S, Duncan NJ. Linking stress coping styles with brain mRNA abundance of selected transcripts for Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles. Physiol Behav 2020; 213:112724. [PMID: 31682888 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In fish, proactive and reactive individual stress copying styles (SCS) have been used to resolve variation in molecular expression data. Stress coping styles have been previously described in several stages of Solea senegalensis by validating for the species the use of standard behavioural screening tests. The present study aimed to link behavioural SCS tests with brain transcript abundance in early Senegalese sole juveniles in order to observe the natural variation in a molecular pathway in this species. A total of 50 juveniles were subjected to three individual behavioural (Restraining, New environment and Confinement) and one group (Risk-taking) screening tests. The fish were classified in SCS categories by applying a hierarchical cluster to the variable "Total activity" (the total activity time that the fish was moving in each individual test). Three categories were defined, proactive, intermediate and reactive sole. Six transcripts were chosen and tested, one related to basic metabolism (gapdh-2), three to feeding behaviour (per1, igf-Ia, pparß) and two to the stress response (crh-BP and hsp90aa) in 30 juveniles (10 individuals per SCS category) using rt-qPCR to observe differences in the abundance of those transcripts among SCS. Four transcripts were differentially expressed (DETs) among them. The transcript gapdh-2 showed up-regulation for proactive and intermediate SCS sole while reactive individuals showed down-regulation. Target mRNAs per1, igf-Ia and pparß, showed different levels of up-regulation for proactive and reactive fish while intermediates were highly down-regulated. Surprisingly no differences in stress related transcripts were observed. Correlations were found between variation in coping styles and variation in the abundance of mRNAs involved in important biological functions in Senegalese sole. These results are the first evidence of the relationship between the behavioural individual variation and the fluctuation in brain transcripts abundance in Senegalese sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvira Fatsini
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona Spain; Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro Portugal.
| | - Sonia Rey
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LU Stirling Scotland UK
| | - Zohar Ibarra-Zatarain
- Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia Tecnológica (CENIT(2)), 63173 Tepic Mexico
| | | | - Simon Mackenzie
- Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, FK9 4LU Stirling Scotland UK
| | - Neil J Duncan
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou, km. 5.5, 43540 Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona Spain
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Celino-Brady FT, Petro-Sakuma CK, Breves JP, Lerner DT, Seale AP. Early-life exposure to 17β-estradiol and 4-nonylphenol impacts the growth hormone/insulin-like growth-factor system and estrogen receptors in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 217:105336. [PMID: 31733503 PMCID: PMC6935514 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It is widely recognized that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) released into the environment through anthropogenic activities can have short-term impacts on physiological and behavioral processes and/or sustained or delayed long-term developmental effects on aquatic organisms. While numerous studies have characterized the effects of EDCs on temperate fishes, less is known on the effects of EDCs on the growth and reproductive physiology of tropical species. To determine the long-term effects of early-life exposure to common estrogenic chemicals, we exposed Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) yolk-sac fry to 17β-estradiol (E2) and nonylphenol (NP) and subsequently characterized the expression of genes involved in growth and reproduction in adults. Fry were exposed to waterborne E2 (0.1 and 1 μg/L) and NP (10 and 100 μg/L) for 21 days. After the exposure period, juveniles were reared for an additional 112 days until males were sampled. Gonadosomatic index was elevated in fish exposed to E2 (0.1 μg/L) while hepatosomatic index was decreased by exposure to NP (100 μg/L). Exposure to E2 (0.1 μg/L) induced hepatic growth hormone receptor (ghr) mRNA expression. The high concentration of E2 (1 μg/L), and both concentrations of NP, increased hepatic insulin-like growth-factor 1 (igf1) expression; E2 and NP did not affect hepatic igf2 and pituitary growth hormone (gh) levels. Both E2 (1 μg/L) and NP (10 μg/L) induced hepatic igf binding protein 1b (igfbp1b) levels while only NP (100 μg/L) induced hepatic igfbp2b levels. By contrast, hepatic igfbp6b was reduced in fish exposed to E2 (1 μg/L). There were no effects of E2 or NP on hepatic igfbp4 and igfbp5a expression. Although the expression of three vitellogenin transcripts was not affected, E2 and NP stimulated hepatic estrogen receptor (erα and erβ) mRNA expression. We conclude that tilapia exposed to E2 and NP as yolk-sac fry exhibit subsequent changes in the endocrine systems that control growth and reproduction during later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fritzie T Celino-Brady
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Cody K Petro-Sakuma
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Jason P Breves
- Department of Biology, Skidmore College, 815 N. Broadway, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA.
| | - Darren T Lerner
- University of Hawai'i Sea Grant College Program, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 2525 Correa Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Andre P Seale
- Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, 1955 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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45
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Somatostatin 4 regulates growth and modulates gametogenesis in zebrafish. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yada T, Abe M, Miyamoto K. Down-regulation of corticosteroid receptor in leucocytes of stressed rainbow trout. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2019; 280:54-61. [PMID: 30980804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between stress and immunosuppression was investigated in peripheral blood leucocytes (PBL) in rainbow trout, with reference to corticosteroid receptor (CR) expression and responses to cortisol- and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-administration. Confinement stress in shallow water resulted in a sustained elevation of plasma cortisol, whereas lysozyme and immunoglobin levels were suppressed. Significant increases in mRNA levels of caspase-6 and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I were observed in PBL isolated from stressed fish. Confinement stress also suppressed proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β, expression in PBL. There were decreasing tendencies for the mRNA levels of CRs in PBL of stressed fish. In-vitro treatment of cortisol and LPS on isolated PBL from unstressed trout increased both IL-1 β and CR mRNA expression. However, in PBL from stressed fish, cortisol and LPS treatment increased IL-1 β but not CR mRNA levels. Proliferative activities estimated as in-vitro incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were decreased by cortisol in PBL from the unstressed and stressed fish groups; however, LPS-stimulated proliferation was observed only in the unstressed fish. Ratios of apoptotic PBL quantified as cell fragmentation using an automated cell counter were increased by cortisol in both groups; however, LPS-stimulated apoptosis was observed only in the stressed fish. Our study reveals cortisol has immune-suppressive effects in stressed fish, irrespective of CR down-regulation and desensitization. The complexity of immune-endocrine interaction is shown by the stress-induced attenuation of LPS effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Yada
- Coastal and Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, Japan.
| | - Michihisa Abe
- Coastal and Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, Japan
| | - Kouta Miyamoto
- Coastal and Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nikko, Japan
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47
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Wu L, Han M, Song Z, Xu S, Li J, Li X, Wang Y, Yue X, Li X. Effects of different light spectra on embryo development and the performance of newly hatched turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) larvae. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 90:328-337. [PMID: 31071463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Light is a key environmental factor that synchronizes various life stages from embryo development to sexual maturation in fish. For turbot, light spectra have the most influence at the larval and juvenile stages. In the current study, differences in the development of embryos and the performance of newly hatched turbot larvae exposed to five different spectra: full spectrum (LDF), blue (LDB, peak at 450 nm), green (LDG, peak at 533 nm), orange (LDO, peak at 595 nm) and red (LDR, peak at 629 nm), were examined. At 62.8 h post fertilization, a higher number of embryos exposed to short-wavelengths (LDG and LDB) had developed a heartbeat in comparison with embryos exposed to other wavelengths. Larvae exposed to the green spectrum had higher malformation rates than larvae exposed to the other spectra, indicating that larvae exposed to green light may have significantly reduced survival rates. The results of non-specific immunity parameters showed that the mRNA expression levels of cathepsin D (CTSD), cathepsin F (CTSF), catalase (CAT) and metallothionein (MT) in larvae exposed to LDB were significantly higher than those exposed to other spectra, but CAT activity in larvae exposed to LDB was significantly lower than larvae exposed to the other spectra. There was no significant difference in MT activity in larvae exposed to the five different spectra. The mRNA expression level of lysozyme (LZM) in larvae exposed to LDR was significantly higher than other spectra, while there was no significant difference in LZM activity observed in larvae exposed to LDR, LDG, LDB and LDF. The difference of the enzyme activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) was not significant among larvae exposed to the five spectra. mRNA expression of the heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was significantly higher in newly hatched larvae exposed to LDB, LDR and LDG, indicating that larvae exposed to LDB, LDG and LDR exhibited a stress response. The mRNA expression level of the insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and growth parameters in the newly hatched larvae exposed to the different spectra were not significantly different. The results of the present study indicate that LDO and LDF should be used for embryo incubation and newly hatched larvae when rearing turbot. This study provides a theoretical basis for optimizing the incubation light environment for fertilized turbot eggs, promoting immunity and reducing stress responses in newly hatched larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Wu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Mingming Han
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Zongcheng Song
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Weihai, 264200, PR China
| | - Shihong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Jun Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
| | - Xueqing Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Yanfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China
| | - Xinlu Yue
- Weihai Shenghang Aquatic Product Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Weihai, 264200, PR China
| | - Xian Li
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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48
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Bai Z, Ren T, Han Y, Rahman MM, Hu Y, Li Z, Jiang Z. Influences of dietary selenomethionine exposure on tissue accumulation, blood biochemical profiles, gene expression and intestinal microbiota of Carassius auratus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 218:21-29. [PMID: 30528703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A 30-days feeding trail was conducted to determine the sensitivity of Carassius auratus to the toxicological effects of elevated dietary Selenomethionine (Se-Met). C. auratus averaging 23.56 ± 1.82 g were exposed to four Se-Met concentrations (mg Se/kg): 0 (Se-Met0), 5 (Se-Met5), 10 (Se-Met10) and 20 (Se-Met20) to estimate the effects on tissue selenium (Se) accumulation, blood biochemical profiles, transcript expression and intestinal microbiota. Se accumulated in the kidney, liver and muscle in a dose-dependent manner and followed this order: kidney > liver > muscle, the highest accumulation were obtained in kidney of Se-Met20 diet after 30 days of feeding. Serum contents of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in fish exposed to Se-Met20 group was significantly highest among Se-Met exposure groups. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations in liver were affected by dietary Se-Met exposures. Liver contents of total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in fish exposure to Se-Met5 group was significantly highest among Se-Met exposure groups. Growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and antioxidant enzyme related genes including glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) expression in liver were down-regulated with the concentration of Se-Met exposure groups. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that gut microbial communities and hierarchy cluster heatmap analysis were significantly affected by Se-Met exposure. The abundances of Cetobacterium and Vibrio increased while fish exposed to Se-Met20 group. The abundance of Ralstonia increased when the Se-Met exposure dose reached 10 mg Se kg-1. The results suggested that the exposure to elevated dietary Se-Met may result toxic effects in C. auratus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tongjun Ren
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yuzhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, No.52 Heishijiao Street, Shahekou District, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Yanan Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zequn Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhiqiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture & Stock Enhancement in North China's Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China.
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Sims KC, Schwendinger KL, Szymkowicz DB, Swetenburg JR, Bain LJ. Embryonic arsenic exposure reduces intestinal cell proliferation and alters hepatic IGF mRNA expression in killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus). JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:142-156. [PMID: 30729860 PMCID: PMC6397093 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2019.1571465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxicant found in food and water throughout the world, and studies suggested that exposure early in life reduces growth. Thus, the goal of this study was to examine mechanisms by which As impacted organismal growth. Killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) were exposed to 0, 10, 50, or 200 ppb As as embryos and, after hatching, were reared in clean water for up to 40 weeks. Metabolism studies revealed that killifish biotransform As such that monomethylated and dimethylated arsenicals account for 15-17% and 45-61%, respectively, of the total metal. Growth, as measured by condition factor (CF), was significantly and dose-dependently reduced at 8 weeks of age but was similar to controls by 40 weeks. To determine mechanisms underlying the observed initial decrease, intestinal proliferation and morphology were examined. Arsenic-exposed fish exhibited significant 1.3- to 1.5-fold reduction in intestinal villus height and 1.4- to 1.6-fold decrease in proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA+) intestinal cells at all weeks examined. In addition, there were significant correlations between CF, PCNA+ cells, and intestinal villus height. Upon examining whether fish might compensate for the intestinal changes, it was found that hepatic mRNA expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and its binding protein (IGFBP-1) were dose-dependently increased. These results indicate that embryonic exposure initially diminished growth, and while intestinal cell proliferation remained reduced, fish appear to compensate by enhancing transcript levels of hepatic IGF-1 and IGFBP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh C. Sims
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Dana B. Szymkowicz
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | | | - Lisa J. Bain
- Environmental Toxicology Graduate Program, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
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50
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Wang B, Xu Y, Liu X, Liu Q, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shi B. Molecular characterization and expression profiles of insulin-like growth factors in yellowtail kingfish (Seriola lalandi) during embryonic development. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2019; 45:375-390. [PMID: 30225751 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0570-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, to understand the role of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in the regulation of early development in yellowtail kingfish (YTK, Seriola lalandi), an economically important marine fish species with a high potential for aquaculture, we first cloned the full-length cDNAs for igf1 and igf2 from the liver. YTK igf1 cDNA was 1946 base pairs (bp) in length with an open reading frame (ORF) of 558 bp encoding preproIGF1 of 185 amino acids (aa). The preproIGF1 consisted of 44 aa for the signal peptide, 68 aa for the mature peptide comprising B, C, A, and D domains, and 73 aa for the E domain. YTK igf2 cDNA had an ORF of 648 bp that encoded a total of 215 aa spanning the signal peptide (47 aa), the mature peptide (70 aa), and the E domain (98 aa). At the protein level, both YTK IGF1 and IGF2 exhibited high sequence identities with their corresponding fish counterparts, respectively. Subsequently, quantitative RT-PCR analysis indicated that the highest level of igf1 mRNA expression was recorded in the gonad and liver, while the igf2 mRNA expression was most abundant in the gill and liver. In addition, both igf1 and igf2 were detected in all stages of embryonic development and exhibited different gene expression patterns, supporting that IGF1 and IGF2 could be functional and play important roles during YTK embryogenesis. Overall, this initial study of IGF1 and IGF2 provides an insight into the endocrine mechanism involved in the early development of yellowtail kingfish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Yongjiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xuezhou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
| | - Quan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, No. 106 Nanjing Road, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China
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