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Asadi M, Toghdory A, Hatami M, Ghassemi Nejad J. Milk Supplemented with Organic Iron Improves Performance, Blood Hematology, Iron Metabolism Parameters, Biochemical and Immunological Parameters in Suckling Dalagh Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12040510. [PMID: 35203218 PMCID: PMC8868252 DOI: 10.3390/ani12040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of milk supplemented with organic iron on performance, blood hematology, iron metabolism parameters, biochemical and immunological parameters in suckling lambs. Thirty-six newborn Dalagh lambs were randomly divided into three groups with 12 replications. The control group was fed with milk without organic iron. The other two groups were fed milk supplemented with 25 and 50 mg/d organic iron, respectively. During the experiment, increased daily weight gain and total body weight were observed in the iron-supplemented groups. An increase in the levels of red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular concentration in iron supplemented groups was indicated. Consumption of organic iron caused a significant decrease in plasma copper concentration. Total antioxidant status level was lower, but levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were higher in iron supplemented groups. In organic iron supplemented groups, insulin and thyroid hormones levels were significantly increased, and glucose level was significantly decreased. In organic iron supplemented groups, alkaline phosphatase level significantly increased, and aminotransferase level significantly decreased. Overall, the use of organic iron in the milk improved the performance and health in suckling lambs, and since a lower level of supplementation is naturally preferable, supplementation of milk with 25 mg/d organic iron is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran; (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Abdolhakim Toghdory
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran; (M.A.); (A.T.)
| | - Maryam Hatami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 51666-16471, Iran;
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-450-3744
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Sanyear C, Butthep P, Eamsaard W, Fucharoen S, Svasti S, Masaratana P. Iron homeostasis in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia is altered between adolescence and adulthood. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8802. [PMID: 32219031 PMCID: PMC7085893 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Iron overload is one of common complications of β-thalassemia. Systemic iron homeostasis is regulated by iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin, which inhibits intestinal iron absorption and iron recycling by reticuloendothelial system. In addition, body iron status and requirement can be altered with age. In adolescence, iron requirement is increased due to blood volume expansion and growth spurt. Heterozygous β-globin knockout mice (Hbbth3/+; BKO) is a mouse model of thalassemia widely used to study iron homeostasis under this pathological condition. However, effects of age on iron homeostasis, particularly the expression of genes involved in hemoglobin metabolism as well as erythroid regulators in the spleen, during adolescence have not been explored in this mouse model. Methods Iron parameters as well as the mRNA expression of hepcidin and genes involved in iron transport and metabolism in wildtype (WT) and BKO mice during adolescence (6–7 weeks old) and adulthood (16–20 weeks old) were analyzed and compared by 2-way ANOVA. Results The transition of adolescence to adulthood was associated with reductions in duodenal iron transporter mRNA expression and serum iron levels of both WT and BKO mice. Erythrocyte parameters in BKO mice remained abnormal in both age groups despite persistent induction of genes involved in hemoglobin metabolism in the spleen and progressively increased extramedullary erythropiesis. In BKO mice, adulthood was associated with increased liver hepcidin and ferroportin mRNA expression along with splenic erythroferrone mRNA suppression compared to adolescence. Conclusion Our results demonstrate that iron homeostasis in a mouse model of thalassemia intermedia is altered between adolescence and adulthood. The present study underscores the importance of the age of thalassemic mice in the study of molecular or pathophysiological changes under thalassemic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanita Sanyear
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Punnee Butthep
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wiraya Eamsaard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Suthat Fucharoen
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Saovaros Svasti
- Thalassemia Research Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Patarabutr Masaratana
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Links between Cognitive Status and Trace Element Levels in Hair for an Environmentally Exposed Population: A Case Study in the Surroundings of the Estarreja Industrial Area. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224560. [PMID: 31752166 PMCID: PMC6888438 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, trace elements (TE) levels were evaluated in scalp hair along the continuum from healthy subjects (HS) to patients suffering from subjective memory concerns (SMC), and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and those with already installed dementia (DEM) in order to: (i) assess the effects of environmental and lifestyle factors on TE concentrations and (ii) evaluate the analyzed elements as possible diagnostic biomarkers for the disease. The study involved 79 mainly permanent residents, >55 years old, from the city of Estarreja (northern Portugal), a former industrial area. The health status of the participants was assessed by means of a complete socio-demographic questionnaire and through cognitive screening tests, namely the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The test scores were categorized and used in the statistical analysis. Hair samples were collected and analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) ICP-MS for selected TE. Dementia appears to be associated with higher age, the female gender, lower education level, and longer residence time in the study area. In addition, most of the participants diagnosed with dementia frequently consume home-grown foodstuffs, some irrigated with contaminated well water. The calculation of the TE enrichment factors of soil samples collected in kitchen gardens/small farms in the vicinity of the Estarreja Chemical Complex (ECC) reinforces the degree of Hg soil contamination in the area, due to anthropogenic sources that can be a source for the population Hg exposure route among others. Mercury levels in hair differed significantly between the four individual groups (HS, SMC, MCI, and DEM), increasing from healthy to dementia participants. Improved diagnostic results can be obtained using hair TE signatures coupled with MMSE scores. This strategy may prove useful for predictive diagnosis in population screening for cognitive impairment.
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Cervantes-Torres J, Gracia-Mora I, Segura-Velazquez R, Montero-Montoya R, Espinosa-Aguirre J, E. Gonsebatt M, Camacho-Carranza R, Rivera-Huerta M, Sanchez-Bartez F, Tinoco-Méndez M, Ostrosky-Wegman P, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Preclinical evidences of safety of a new synthetic adjuvant to formulate with the influenza human vaccine: absence of subchronic toxicity and mutagenicity. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:140-149. [DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2019.1566359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - René Segura-Velazquez
- Unidad de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Regina Montero-Montoya
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Javier Espinosa-Aguirre
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - María E. Gonsebatt
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Camacho-Carranza
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marisol Rivera-Huerta
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Mabel Tinoco-Méndez
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Ostrosky-Wegman
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Aging results in iron accumulations in the non-human primate choroid of the eye without an associated increase in zinc, copper or sulphur. Biometals 2018; 31:1061-1073. [PMID: 30306383 PMCID: PMC6245114 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-018-0147-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present further analyses of a previous experiment published in 2016 where the distribution, concentration and correlation of iron, zinc, copper and sulphur in the choroid of the eye in young and aged old world primates (Macaca fascicularis) was studied with synchrotron X-ray fluorescence with a 2 μm resolution. The results indicate that iron accumulates in hotspots in the choroid with age with fluorescence intensity ranging from 2- to 7-fold (1002-3752 ppm) the mean level in the choroidal stroma (500 ppm) and maximum iron levels in blood vessel lumina. Iron hotspots with iron ppm > 1000 preferentially contained Fe3+ as demonstrated by Perls staining. There was a strong spatial co-localisation and correlation between copper and zinc (Pearson's correlation coefficient 0.97), and both elements with sulphur in the choroid of young animals. However, these are reduced in the choroid of aged animals and lost in the iron hotspots. The lack of proportional co-distribution suggests that iron accumulation does not induce a concomitant increase in zinc, copper or zinc-, copper-metalloproteins. It is possible that the iron hotspots are ferritin or hemosiderin molecules loaded with Fe3+ in stable, insoluble, non-toxic complexes without a significant oxidative environment.
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Rakhra G, Masih D, Vats A, Verma SK, Singh VK, Rana RT, Kirar V, Singh SN. Effect of physical activity and age on plasma copper, zinc, iron, and magnesium concentration in physically active healthy males. Nutrition 2017; 43-44:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Hao Z, Li Y, Liu Y, Li H, Wang W, Yu J. Hair elements and healthy aging: a cross-sectional study in Hainan Island, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2016; 38:723-735. [PMID: 26228349 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-015-9755-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Healthy aging is considered as the core issue of aging population. Centenarians are a symbol of healthy aging. Concentration of elements in hair is an indicator of micronutrient status, which can affect the human health. In the present study, we investigated element concentrations in the scalp hair of 255 healthy centenarians from Hainan Island, China. The pattern of intergenerational transmission of elements and the effects of confounders such as sex, age, education level, smoking habits, alcohol intake, and frequency of hospitalization on hair element concentrations were assessed. For most elements, the load in hair increased significantly through intergenerational transmission (i.e., centenarians < children < grandchildren). Our results also demonstrated that female centenarians had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Se, and Sr but lower levels of Cr and P. The Mn level was statistically significantly lower in the primary studies group. Alcohol intake was positively associated with Cd and Na levels, whereas smoking habits showed no significant effect on all the elements. Furthermore, the frequency of hospitalization was significantly positively associated with Cd, Cu, and Pb concentration. Moreover, our analysis suggested that adequate concentrations of Fe and Se might increase the life span of centenarians, whereas excessive concentrations of P and Pb were harmful to health and reduced life span. These results imply that element concentrations could be manipulated as a therapeutic modality in geriatric disease. They might also provide reference values for diseased subjects, allowing improved diagnoses and more effective therapies, which might support effective policies on health and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Hao
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Oceanography, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yonghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hairong Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Wuyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangping Yu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Damage Assessment and Remediation, Beijing, China
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Bhattacharya SE, Shumsky JS, Waterhouse BD. Attention enhancing effects of methylphenidate are age-dependent. Exp Gerontol 2014; 61:1-7. [PMID: 25449855 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The psychostimulant methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin®) is used to treat a variety of cognitive disorders. MPH is also popular among healthy individuals, including the elderly, for its ability to focus attention and improve concentration, but these effects have not been shown to be comparable between aged and adult subjects. Thus, we tested whether MPH would improve performance in sustained attention in both adult and aged rats. In addition, we tested the impact of visual distraction on performance in this task and the ability of MPH to mitigate the effects of distraction. Adult (6-12 months) and aged (18-22 months) male Sprague-Dawley rats were given oral MPH, and their cognitive and motor abilities were tested. Results suggest that while MPH improves task performance in adults; there is no improvement in the aged animals. These outcomes suggest that the use of MPH for cognitive enhancement in elderly individuals may be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jed S Shumsky
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
| | - Barry D Waterhouse
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, United States.
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Serum multivalent cationic pattern: speculation on the efficient approach for detection of Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2782. [PMID: 24108247 PMCID: PMC3794368 DOI: 10.1038/srep02782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly becoming one of the greatest medical challenges. Due to the social and financial burden of AD, detection of AD in its early stages is a topic of major research interest. Thus, emergence of well-validated screening methods for fast detection of AD in the early stages would be of great importance. It is now recognized that the homeostasis and serum bioavailability of multivalent cations (e.g. zinc, copper, and iron) are disturbed in AD. Using a standard chemometric approach (hierarchical clustering analysis), we find that the serum concentrations of an array of such multivalent cations can be a fingerprint for identification of AD patients. This may pave the way for a reliable, efficient, and inexpensive method for early detection and treatment of AD.
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Rembach A, Ryan TM, Roberts BR, Doecke JD, Wilson WJ, Watt AD, Barnham KJ, Masters CL. Progress towards a consensus on biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease: a review of peripheral analytes. Biomark Med 2013; 7:641-62. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly population and attempts to develop therapies have been unsuccessful because there is no means to target an effective therapeutic window. CNS biomarkers are insightful but impractical for high-throughput population-based screening. Therefore, a peripheral, blood-based biomarker for AD would significantly improve early diagnosis, potentially enable presymptomatic detection and facilitate effective targeting of disease-modifying treatments. The various constituents of blood, including plasma, platelets and cellular fractions, are now being systematically explored as a pool of putative peripheral biomarkers for AD. In this review we cover some less known peripheral biomarkers and highlight the latest developments for their clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Rembach
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Tim M Ryan
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Blaine R Roberts
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - James D Doecke
- The Australian e-Health Research Centre, Herston, Queensland, 4029, Australia
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - William J Wilson
- CSIRO Preventative Health National Research Flagship, North Ryde, New South Wales, 2113, Australia
| | - Andrew D Watt
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Kevin J Barnham
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Colin L Masters
- The Mental Health Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Kenneth Myer Building, 30 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
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Mehdi MM, Rizvi SI. N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride-based method for the measurement of plasma oxidative capacity during human aging. Anal Biochem 2013; 436:165-7. [PMID: 23416185 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2013.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
N,N-Dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (DMPD) is a compound that is normally used to measure the antioxidant potential. In the presence of Fe(3+), it gets converted to DMPD(∙+) radical, which is scavenged by antioxidant molecules present in test samples. In plasma, due to the presence of iron, this method cannot be applied for the measurement of antioxidant potential. The modified DMPD method proposed by us measures with great accuracy the oxidant potential of plasma using the oxidizing effect of plasma to oxidize DMPD into producing a stable pink color. The method is fast and reproducible. We show that plasma oxidative capacity increases significantly during human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Murtaza Mehdi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
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Abstract
In 1906, Alois Alzheimer first characterized the disease that bears his name. Despite intensive research, which has led to a better understanding of the pathology, there is no effective treatment for this disease. Of the drugs approved by the US FDA, none are disease modifying, only symptomatic. Unfortunately, there have been a number of failed clinical trials in the past 10 years where studies show either no cognitive improvement or, worse, serious side effects associated with treatment. Hence, there is a need for the field to look at alternative approaches to therapy. In this review, we will discuss how metal dyshomeostasis occurs in aging and Alzheimer's disease. Concomitantly, we will discuss how targeting this dyshomeostasis offers an effective and novel therapeutic approach. Thus far, compounds that mediate these effects have shown great potential in both preclinical animal studies as well as in early-stage clinical trials.
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Kumar H, Lim HW, More SV, Kim BW, Koppula S, Kim IS, Choi DK. The role of free radicals in the aging brain and Parkinson's Disease: convergence and parallelism. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:10478-10504. [PMID: 22949875 PMCID: PMC3431873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms130810478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radical production and their targeted action on biomolecules have roles in aging and age-related disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). There is an age-associated increase in oxidative damage to the brain, and aging is considered a risk factor for PD. Dopaminergic neurons show linear fallout of 5-10% per decade with aging; however, the rate and intensity of neuronal loss in patients with PD is more marked than that of aging. Here, we enumerate the common link between aging and PD at the cellular level with special reference to oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Oxidative damage includes mitochondrial dysfunction, dopamine auto-oxidation, α-synuclein aggregation, glial cell activation, alterations in calcium signaling, and excess free iron. Moreover, neurons encounter more oxidative stress as a counteracting mechanism with advancing age does not function properly. Alterations in transcriptional activity of various pathways, including nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, glycogen synthase kinase 3β, mitogen activated protein kinase, nuclear factor kappa B, and reduced activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione with aging might be correlated with the increased incidence of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Hyung-Woo Lim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Sandeep Vasant More
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - In Su Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Dong-Kug Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Chungju 380-704, Korea; E-Mails: (H.K.); (H.-W.L.); (S.V.M.); (B.-W.K.); (S.K.); (I.S.K.)
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Impaired iron status in aging research. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:2368-2386. [PMID: 22408459 PMCID: PMC3292028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13022368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Revised: 02/18/2012] [Accepted: 02/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is associated with disturbances in iron metabolism and storage. During the last decade, remarkable progress has been made toward understanding their cellular and molecular mechanisms in aging and age-associated diseases using both cultured cells and animal models. The field has moved beyond descriptive studies to potential intervention studies focusing on iron chelation and removal. However, some findings remain controversial and inconsistent. This review summarizes important features of iron dyshomeostasis in aging research with a particular emphasis on current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying age-associated disorders in rodent models.
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Roberts BR, Ryan TM, Bush AI, Masters CL, Duce JA. The role of metallobiology and amyloid-β peptides in Alzheimer’s disease. J Neurochem 2011; 120 Suppl 1:149-166. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07500.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Sarria B, Vaquero MP. Iron bioavailability from powdered and in-bottle-sterilized infant formulas in suckling and weanling rats. Nutrition 2005; 20:788-93. [PMID: 15325689 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2004.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Maillard reaction and lactose isomerization may be induced during the manufacture of infant formulas. We studied the effects of dehydration and sterilization on iron bioavailability from an infant formula in suckling and weanling rats. METHODS In experiment 1, a previously reconstituted powdered infant formula and an in-bottle-sterilized liquid infant formula from the same manufacturer were fed from drinking bottles to 2-wk-old suckling rat pups for 7 d. In experiment 2, the same formulas were complemented with AIN-76 and fed to weanling rats for 7 d after a 4-d adaptation period. In both experiments, intake, body weight, and fecal and urinary excretions were monitored, and the following iron indexes were calculated: apparent absorption and retention and the coefficients percentage of absorption versus intake, percentage of retention versus absorption, and percentage of retention versus intake. RESULTS The liquid infant formula resulted in lower body weights on day 4, particularly among the younger rats that had significantly lower food intakes (P = 0.045). In weanling rats fed powdered and liquid infant formulas, food intake and body weight were not significantly different. The pups showed significantly higher absorption (percentage of absorption versus intake) and retention (percentages of retention versus absorption and retention versus intake) efficiencies than did the weanling rats (P < 0.001 for the three indexes). Hemoglobin values (P = 0.001) and liver iron concentrations (P = 0.009) were significantly higher in the weanling rats than in the pups. In contrast, erythrocyte iron concentrations and hematocrit were higher in the pups (P = 0.016 and 0.053, respectively). CONCLUSIONS In rat pups, iron bioavailability is negatively affected by the consumption of in-bottle-sterilized infant formula, possibly as the result of the content of Maillard reaction products, altered proteins, and lactulose. However, when this formula is included in a mixed diet and given to weanling rats, this detrimental effect no longer occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Sarria
- Departamento de Metabolismo y Nutrición, Instituto del Frío (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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Xiao DS, Jiang L, Che LL, Lu L. Nitric oxide and iron metabolism in exercised rat with L-arginine supplementation. Mol Cell Biochem 2004; 252:65-72. [PMID: 14577577 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025517216681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate whether L-arginine (Arg) supplementation in exercise affects nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in tissues and thus iron metabolism. Rats were assigned to one of four groups: EG (Exercise), SG (Sedentary), EAG (Exercise + Arg), and SAG (Sedentary + Arg). Both EG and EAG swam 2 h/day for 3 months. Both SAG and EAG received 3% Arg supplementation in their drinking water. The results showed that Arg supplementation in exercise (EAG) significantly increased nitrite and nitrate (NOx) concentration in the kidney and BMC, rather than in the liver, spleen and heart. Arg supplementation significantly increased both nonheme iron (NHI) and catalytic iron (CI) content in the kidney, to the extent that the ratio of CI/NHI or storage iron (SI)/NHI was not significantly affected, and significantly decreased NHI content and increased CI content in BMC, to the extent that SI content or SI/NHI was significantly decreased. These findings suggest that Arg supplementation in exercise, possibly through increasing NO synthesis, may change CI formation in the kidney and BMC, and affect iron storage in BMC rather than in the kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Sheng Xiao
- School of Medical Technology, Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, Hong Kong, P R China.
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Sproule TJ, Jazwinska EC, Britton RS, Bacon BR, Fleming RE, Sly WS, Roopenian DC. Naturally variant autosomal and sex-linked loci determine the severity of iron overload in beta 2-microglobulin-deficient mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:5170-4. [PMID: 11309500 PMCID: PMC33182 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.091088998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common chronic human genetic disorder whose hallmark is systemic iron overload. Homozygosity for a mutation in the MHC class I heavy chain paralogue gene HFE has been found to be a primary cause of HH. However, many individuals homozygous for the defective allele of HFE do not develop iron overload, raising the possibility that genetic variation in modifier loci contributes to the HH phenotype. Mice deficient in the product of the beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)M) class I light chain fail to express HFE and other MHC class I family proteins, and they have been found to manifest many characteristics of the HH phenotype. To determine whether natural genetic variation plays a role in controlling iron overload, we performed classical genetic analysis of the iron-loading phenotype in beta(2)M-deficient mice in the context of different genetic backgrounds. Strain background was found to be a major determinant in iron loading. Sex played a role that was less than that of strain background but still significant. Resistance and susceptibility to iron overload segregated as complex genetic traits in F(1) and back-cross progeny. These results suggest the existence of naturally variant autosomal and Y chromosome-linked modifier loci that, in the context of mice genetically predisposed by virtue of a beta(2)M deficiency, can profoundly influence the severity of iron loading. These results thus provide a genetic explanation for some of the variability of the HH phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Sproule
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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