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Matsui M, Murata T, Kurobe-Takashima Y, Ikeda T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Ono K, Shidara H, Otsuka K, Kuriki D, Suzuki M, Kobayashi S. Lutein from Chicken Eggs Prevents Amyloid β-Peptide Aggregation In Vitro and Amyloid β-Induced Inflammation in Human Macrophages (THP-1). ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26616-26627. [PMID: 38911805 PMCID: PMC11191573 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies predict that chicken eggs contain constituents other than proteins that prevent Alzheimer's disease. This study screened for constituents that inhibit the aggregation of amyloid β peptide (Aβ)1-42 and elucidated their mechanisms to explore the active components of chicken eggs. Thioflavin T assays and transmission electron microscopy observations showed that arachidonic acid (ARA), lysophosphatidylcholine, lutein (LTN), palmitoleic acid, and zeaxanthin inhibited Aβ aggregation. Among these, ARA and LTN showed the highest activity. Photoinduced cross-linking of unmodified protein assays and infrared absorption spectrometry measurements showed that LTN strongly inhibited highly toxic Aβ1-42 protofibril formation. Furthermore, LTN suppressed Aβ1-42-induced IL 1B and TNF expression in human macrophage-like cells. In summary, LTN plays a crucial role in the AD-preventive effect of chicken eggs by suppressing Aβ1-42 aggregation and Aβ1-42-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misuzu Matsui
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tomofusa Murata
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yuki Kurobe-Takashima
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tokuhei Ikeda
- Department
of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate
School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department
of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate
School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Department
of Neurology, Kanazawa University Graduate
School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | | | - Kurataka Otsuka
- R&D
Division, Kewpie Corporation, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan
- Division
of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
- Tokyo
NODAI Research Institute, Tokyo University
of Agriculture, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
- Division
of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo 160-8402, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kuriki
- R&D
Division, Kewpie Corporation, Tokyo 150-0002, Japan
- Division
of Translational Oncology, Fundamental Innovative Oncology Core, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Department
of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and
Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Ghazanfari S, Shiri Ghzghapan A, Honarbakhsh S. Effects of peppermint essential oil and artifier on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibilities in broiler chickens fed with low energy diets. Vet Anim Sci 2024; 24:100354. [PMID: 38745888 PMCID: PMC11090894 DOI: 10.1016/j.vas.2024.100354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of peppermint essential oil (PEO) and an emulsifier called artifier on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility of broiler chickens fed low-energy diets. A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chickens were divided into five treatments: control, low-energy diet, low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO, low-energy diet + 300 ppm artifier, and low-energy diet + 150 ppm PEO + 300 ppm artifier. Each treatment was replicated four times in a completely randomized design. The chickens were fed these treatments during the starter, grower, and finisher periods for a total of 42 days. The results indicated that broiler chickens receiving the low-energy diet supplemented with PEO + artifier had similar body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and breast percentage, but exhibited significantly lower abdominal fat percentage compared to those fed the control diet (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds receiving PEO and artifier in low-energy diets, either individually or in combination, demonstrated higher digestibility of dry matter and fat during the starter and grower periods in comparison to those receiving the low-energy diet without any additives (P < 0.05). Over the entire rearing period, the simultaneous inclusion of 150 ppm PEO and 300 ppm artifier in the low-energy diet resulted in comparable growth performance to the control diet. Additionally, the concurrent use of PEO and artifier in the low-energy diet for broiler chickens led to a decrease in abdominal fat, increased digestibility of fat and dry matter, and enhanced nutrient utilization compared to the control diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufe Ghazanfari
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayub Shiri Ghzghapan
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Honarbakhsh
- Department of Livestock and Poultry Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Technology (Aburaihan), University of Tehran, Pakdasht, Tehran, Iran
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Toh DWK, Zhou H, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Choi H, Burla B, Bendt AK, Wenk MR, Ling LH, Kim JE. Effects of wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum) consumption on the human plasma lipidome and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized controlled trial of middle-aged and older adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1258570. [PMID: 38439925 PMCID: PMC10909962 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1258570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term wolfberry intake as part of a healthy dietary pattern was recognized to have beneficial vascular outcomes. Characterization of the plasma lipidome may further provide comprehensive insights into pathways underlying these cardiovascular protective effects. Objective We analyzed the plasma lipidome of subjects who adhered to a healthy dietary pattern either with or without wolfberry and investigated the associations between the plasma lipidomic profile and cardiovascular health-related indicators. Methods In this 16-week, parallel design, randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and older adults (n = 41) were provided dietary counseling and assigned to either consume or not consume 15 g of wolfberry daily. At baseline and post-intervention, plasma lipidomics was assayed, and its relationships with classical CVD risk factors, vascular health, oxidant burden, carotenoids status, body composition, and anthropometry were examined. Results From the plasma lipidome, 427 lipid species from 26 sub-classes were quantified. In the wolfberry and control groups, significant changes were prominent for 27 and 42 lipid species, respectively (P < 0.05 with > 0.2-fold change). Fold changes for seven lipid species were also markedly different between the two groups. Examining the relationships between the plasma lipidome and CVD-related risk factors, total cholesterol revealed a marked positive correlation with 13 ceramide species, while HDL-cholesterol which was notably increased with wolfberry consumption showed a positive correlation with 10 phosphatidylcholine species. Oxidant burden, as represented by plasma 8-isoprostanes, was also inversely associated with lipidomic triglycerides and ether-triglycerides (41 species) and directly associated with hexosylceramides (eight species) and sphingomyelins (six species). There were no differential associations with CVD risk detected between groups. Conclusion Characteristic alterations to the plasma lipidome were observed with healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry consumption. An examination of these fluctuations suggests potential biochemical mechanisms that may mediate the antioxidant and cardiovascular protective effects of healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry intake. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0353584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanzhang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Katherin Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Fernandes V, Mamatha BS. Fucoxanthin, a Functional Food Ingredient: Challenges in Bioavailability. Curr Nutr Rep 2023; 12:567-580. [PMID: 37642932 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Fucoxanthin is an orange-red xanthophyll carotenoid found in brown seaweeds and known for its many bioactive properties. In recent years, the bioactive properties of fucoxanthin have been widely explored, making it a compound of immense interest for various health applications like anti-cancer, anti-tumour, anti-diabetic and anti-obesity properties. However, the poor bioavailability and instability of fucoxanthin in the gastrointestinal tract have major limitations. Encapsulation is a promising approach to overcome these challenges by enclosing fucoxanthin in a protective layer, such as liposomes or nano-particles. Encapsulation can improve the stability of fucoxanthin by protecting it from exposure to heat, pH, illumination, gastric acids and enzymes that can accelerate its degradation. RECENT FINDINGS Studies have shown that lipid-based encapsulation systems such as liposomes or nano-structured lipid carriers may solubilise fucoxanthin and enhance its bioavailability (from 25 to 61.2%). In addition, encapsulation can also improve the solubility of hydrophobic fucoxanthin, which is important for its absorption and bioavailability. This review highlights the challenges involved in the absorption of fucoxanthin in the living system, role of micro- and nano-encapsulation of fucoxanthin and their potential to enhance intestinal absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fernandes
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, Karnataka, India
| | - Bangera Sheshappa Mamatha
- Nitte (Deemed to be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Department of Food Safety and Nutrition, Paneer Campus, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575 018, Karnataka, India.
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5
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Sekiya M, Suzuki S, Ushida Y, Sato I, Suganuma H. Neoxanthin is undetectable in human blood after ingestion of fresh young spinach leaf. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288143. [PMID: 37467249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we demonstrated that the carotenoid neoxanthin was contained in young leafy vegetables including spinach and showed a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vitro. To evaluate the bioavailability of neoxanthin, a raw young spinach leaf (100 g day-1 for 4 weeks) intake test was performed on 14 participants (36.5 ± 8.0 years; male:female ratio = 9:5). Neoxanthin, neochrome, β-carotene, and lutein concentration in the spinach and blood of participants (before and after the test) was measured using high performance liquid chromatography. Neither neoxanthin nor neochrome was detected in the blood samples, whereas β-carotene and lutein concentration significantly increased (1.4- and 1.9-fold, respectively) during testing. Neoxanthin bioavailability in humans is low; thus, it is unlikely to have a fat accumulation inhibitory effect in vivo, contrary to the result in vitro. Ingesting the leafy vegetables raw can help maintain high neoxanthin levels, but it is not beneficial for neoxanthin bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Sekiya
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Shigenori Suzuki
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ushida
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
| | - Ikuo Sato
- International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Suganuma
- Innovation Division, Nature & Wellness Research Department, KAGOME CO., LTD., Tochigi, Japan
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Vijay K, Ambedkar R, Sowmya PRR, Ramaiah S, Ranga Rao A, Gundamaraju R, Hanumanthappa M, Malarvili MB, Manikam R, Lakshminarayana R. Prevention of aspirin-mediated secondary toxicity by combined treatment of carotenoids in macrophages. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:223. [PMID: 37292139 PMCID: PMC10244315 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03632-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon understanding the boosting role of carotenoids on the endogenous anti-inflammatory system, it is vital to explore their role in reducing the use of high doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), and their mediated secondary toxicity during the treatment of chronic diseases. The current study investigates the carotenoids potential on inhibition of secondary complications induced by NSAIDs, aspirin (ASA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated inflammation. Initially, this study evaluated a minimal cytotoxic dose of ASA and carotenoids (β-carotene, BC/lutein, LUT/astaxanthin, AST/fucoxanthin FUCO) in Raw 264.7, U937, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In all three cells, carotenoids + ASA treatment reduced the LDH release, NO, and PGE2 efficiently than an equivalent dose of carotenoid or ASA treated alone. Based on cytotoxicity and sensitivity results, RAW 264.7 cells were selected for further cell-based assay. Among carotenoids, FUCO + ASA exhibited an efficient reduction of LDH release, NO, and PGE2 than the other carotenoids (BC + ASA, LUT + ASA, and AST + ASA) treatment. FUCO + ASA combination decreased LPS/ASA induced oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB), and cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β) efficiently. Further, apoptosis was inhibited by 69.2% in FUCO + ASA, and 46.7% in ASA than LPS treated cells. A drastic decrease in intracellular ROS generation with the increase in GSH was observed in FUCO + ASA compared to LPS/ASA groups. The results documented on the low dose of ASA with a relative physiological concentration of FUCO suggested greater importance for alleviating secondary complications and optimize prolonged chronic disease treatments with NSAID's associated side effects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03632-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kariyappa Vijay
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - Rudrappa Ambedkar
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | | | - Suresh Ramaiah
- Department of Statistics, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - Ambati Ranga Rao
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan’s Foundation of Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Vadlamudi, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh 522213 India
| | - Rohit Gundamaraju
- ER Stress and Mucosal Immunology Lab, School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, TAS 7248 Australia
| | - Manjunatha Hanumanthappa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
| | - M. B. Malarvili
- Trauma and Emergency, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- School of Biomedical and Health Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor Bahru Malaysia
| | - Rangaswamy Lakshminarayana
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Jnana Bharathi Campus, Bangalore University, Bangalore, 560 056 India
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Kalungwana N, Marshall L, Mackie A, Boesch C. An ex vivo intestinal absorption model is more effective than an in vitro cell model to characterise absorption of dietary carotenoids following simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 166:112558. [PMID: 36914337 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To get the most accurate food digestion-related data, and how this affects nutrient absorption, it is critical to carefully simulate human digestion systems using model settings. In this study, the uptake and transepithelial transportation of dietary carotenoids was compared using two different models that have previously been used to assess nutrient availability. The permeability of differentiated Caco-2 cells and murine intestinal tissue were tested using all-trans-β-carotene and lutein prepared in artificial mixed micelles and micellar fraction from orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) gastrointestinal digestion. Transepithelial transport and absorption efficiency were then determined using liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry (LCMS-MS). Results showed that the mean uptake for all-trans-β-carotene in the mouse mucosal tissue was 60.2 ± 3.2% compared to 36.7 ± 2.6% in the Caco-2 cells with the mixed micelles as the test sample. Similarly, the mean uptake was higher in OFSP with 49.4 ± 4.1% following mouse tissue uptake compared to 28.9 ± 4.3% using Caco-2 cells for the same concentration. In relation to the uptake efficiency, the mean percentage uptake for all-trans-β-carotene from artificial mixed micelles was 1.8-fold greater in mouse tissue compared to Caco-2 cells (35.4 ± 1.8% against 19.9 ± 2.6%). Carotenoid uptake reached saturation at 5 µM when assessed with the mouse intestinal cells. These results demonstrate the practicality of employing physiologically relevant models simulating human intestinal absorption processes that compares well with published human in vivo data. When used in combination with the Infogest digestion model, the Ussing chamber model, using murine intestinal tissue, may thus be an efficient predictor of carotenoid bioavailability in simulating human postprandial absorption ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng'Andwe Kalungwana
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lisa Marshall
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alan Mackie
- Food Colloids and Bioprocessing, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Christine Boesch
- Nutritional Sciences and Epidemiology, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK.
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8
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Ghosh A, Banik S, Suzuki Y, Mibe Y, Rikimura S, Komamoto T, Kuromi K, Yamada K, Sato H, Onoue S. Lysophosphatidylcholine-based liposome to improve oral absorption and nephroprotective effects of astaxanthin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2023; 103:2981-2988. [PMID: 36350072 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to develop astaxanthin (AX)-loaded liposomes by the utilization of soybean phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. AX-loaded liposomes consisting of PC (PC/AX) and LPC (LPC/AX) were evaluated in terms of particle size distribution, morphology, release characteristics, pharmacokinetic behavior, and nephroprotective effects in a rat model of acute kidney injury. RESULTS PC/AX and LPC/AX had uniform size distributions with a mean particle size of 254 and 148 nm, respectively. Under pH 6.8 conditions, both liposomes exhibited improved dissolution behavior of AX compared with crystalline AX (cAX). In particular, LPC/AX showed a sevenfold higher release of AX than PC/AX. After the oral administration of LPC/AX (33.2 mg AX kg-1 ) to rats, there was a significant increase in systemic exposure to AX, as evidenced by a 15-fold higher AUC0-24 h than PC/AX. However, the oral absorption of AX in the cAX group was negligible. Based on the results of histological analysis and measurement of plasma biomarkers, LPC/AX exhibited improved nephroprotective effects of AX in the rat model of kidney injury. CONCLUSION From these observations, a strategic application of the LPC-based liposomal approach might be a promising option to improve the nutraceutical properties of AX. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antara Ghosh
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Sujan Banik
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yui Suzuki
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Kohei Yamada
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Satomi Onoue
- Laboratory of Biopharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan
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Manabe Y, Takagi-Hayashi S, Mohri S, Sugawara T. Intestinal Absorption and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Siphonein, a Siphonaxanthin Fatty Acid Ester from Green Algae. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2023; 69:62-70. [PMID: 36858542 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.69.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Siphonein is a C19 acylated siphonaxanthin found in some edible green algae (e.g., Codium fragile and Caulerpa lentillifera). Although the content of siphonein in these green algae is similar to or higher than that of siphonaxanthin, studies of health-related biological activity of siphonein are much less than those of siphonaxanthin. Given the difference in the position of the acyl chain, one cannot infer intestinal absorption of siphonein from other general carotenoid fatty acid esters. In this study, we first investigated the intestinal absorption of siphonein using mouse and cell culture models. A small amount of siphonein was detected in the plasma of treated mice, and its concentration was higher than that of siphonaxanthin (i.e., the hydrolyzed product of ingested siphonein) from 1 to 6 h after administration. Pharmacological inhibition tests with differentiated Caco-2 cells showed that Nieman-Pick C1-like 1-mediated facilitated diffusion was involved in the cellular uptake of siphonein. These results indicate that, unlike general carotenoid fatty acid esters, siphonein can be absorbed without hydrolysis. We also evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of siphonein in differentiated Caco-2 cells. Siphonein pretreatment modulated lipopolysaccharide-induced cellular lipidome alterations and suppressed mRNA expression of proinflammatory chemokines, CXCL8 protein release, and activation of NF-κB. This study provides new insights into the absorption processes of carotenoids and shows the anti-inflammatory effect of siphonein for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | | | - Shinsuke Mohri
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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10
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Effect of a Combination of Lysolecithin, Synthetic Emulsifier and Monoglycerides on the Apparent Ileal Digestibility, Metabolizable Energy and Growth Performance of Growing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:ani13010088. [PMID: 36611697 PMCID: PMC9817515 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two studies were conducted to determine the impact of an absorption enhancer containing a combination of lysophospholipids, monoglycerides and synthetic emulsifiers (LEX) on apparent ileal digestibility, metabolizable energy (ME), and growth performance of growing pigs. In the digestibility study, 12 male crossbred [Duroc x (Large White x Landrace)] pigs with an initial body weight (BW) of 30 kg were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments: (1) a positive control (PC) receiving standard diets formulated to 3100 kcal ME/kg, and (2) a negative control formulated with −100 kcal ME/kg and −2.5% AA content vs. PC and supplemented with LEX at 500 g/t. Apparent ileal digestibility of essential AA was significantly increased for lysine, methionine, threonine, histidine, isoleucine and phenylalanine in the LEX treatment (p < 0.05). Average uplift in AA digestibility as a percent of the PC was +1.88%; with greatest improvement for histidine (+4.22%). LEX supplementation effectively compensated energy deficiency of low-density diet and provided additional ME improvement compared to the PC diet (p < 0.05). A second study was conducted to evaluate LEX dose response on the growth performance of pigs fed a low nutrient density diet. Total 450 cross-bred pigs (240 males (castrated) and 210 females) [Duroc x (Large White x Landrace)] with an average initial BW of 7.19 kg were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments: (1) a positive control (PC) formulated with standard specifications, (2) a negative control formulated with −100 kcal ME/kg and −2.5% AA content vs. the PC (NC), (3) NC + LEX at 250 g/t (NC + 250) and (4) NC + LEX at 500 g/t (NC + 500). Results showed significant improvement with LEX supplementation on the final BW, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of pigs of >50 kg body weight. Across the study, NC + 500 significantly increased ADG vs. PC and NC, and significantly reduced FCR compared to all other treatments. FCR of negative control diets improved by 9 and 15 points with the supplementation of 250 g/t and 500 g/t of LEX, respectively (p < 0.05). FCR in the NC + 250 diet was statistically similar vs. PC, which was significantly reduced compared to the NC. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that the addition of an absorption enhancer containing a combination of lysophospholipids, monoglycerides and synthetic emulsifiers can improve growth performance in growing pigs, driven by increased nutrient digestibility and retention.
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11
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Dai Z, Li Z, Shi E, Nie M, Feng L, Chen G, Gao R, Zeng X, Li D. Study on the Interaction between Four Typical Carotenoids and Human Gut Microflora Using an in Vitro Fermentation Model. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13592-13601. [PMID: 36214842 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated a strong relationship between carotenoids and gut microflora. However, their structure-activity relationship remains unclear. This study evaluated the interaction between four typical carotenoids (β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and astaxanthin) and gut microflora using an in vitro fermentation model. After 24 h of fermentation, the retention rates of the four carotenoids were 1.40, 1.38, 1.46, and 5.63 times lower than those of their without gut microflora control groups, respectively. All four carotenoid treated groups significantly increased total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production. All carotenoid supplements significantly promoted the abundance of Roseburia and Parasutterella and inhibited the abundance of Collinsella, while β-carotene, lutein, lycopene, and astaxanthin significantly promoted the abundance of Ruminococcus, Sutterella, Subdoligranulum, and Megamonas, respectively. Furthermore, xanthophylls have a more significant impact on gut microflora than carotenes. This study provides a new way to understand how carotenoids work in the human body with the existing gut microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Dai
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Zhixian Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Enjuan Shi
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Meimei Nie
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
| | - Guijie Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zeng
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing210095, China
| | - Dajing Li
- Institute of Agro-product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing210014, China
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang212013, China
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12
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Geng T, Bao S, Sun X, Ma D, Zhang H, Ge Q, Liu X, Ma T. A clarification of concepts related to the digestion and absorption of carotenoids and a new standardized carotenoids bioavailability evaluation system. Food Chem 2022; 400:134060. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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13
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Li D, Liu Y, Ma Y, Liu Y, Wang S, Guo Z, Li J, Wang Y, Tan B, Wei Y. Fabricating hydrophilic fatty acid-protein particles to encapsulate fucoxanthin: Fatty acid screening, structural characterization, and thermal stability analysis. Food Chem 2022; 382:132311. [PMID: 35149467 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules are used to encapsulate carotenoids, but their poor absorption-enhancing ability restricts their application. This study integrated dietary fatty acids (FAs) into the protein-based encapsulation of fucoxanthin (FUCO) due to its positive role in carotenoid absorption. The results showed that of the 14 tested FAs, only myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and docosahexaenoic acid obviously promoted FUCO absorption. FAs were employed for FUCO encapsulation using bovine serum albumin (BSA) to fabricate FUCO-FA-BSA systems, with an encapsulation efficiency of > 98%, a particle size ranging from 113.1 nm to 193.5 nm, and a Zeta-potential between -32.8 mV and -38.3 mV. Electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed complete FUCO encapsulation, while the FUCO-loading particles exhibited a "core-shell" structure. The retention rate of the encapsulated FUCO increased 2.16-4.06 times when heated at 80.0 °C for 200 min. These results suggested that FA-BSA complexes might provide a promising strategy for embedding carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghui Li
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yunjun Liu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yu Ma
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yixiang Liu
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
| | - Shengnan Wang
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Zixin Guo
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Bin Tan
- College of Marine Food and Biological Engineering, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Marine Functional Food, Jimei University, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Ying Wei
- The Department of Food Engineering, China National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries Corporation Limited, Beijing 100015, China
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14
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Yang B, Huang S, Li S, Feng Z, Zhao G, Ma Q. Safety Evaluation of Porcine Bile Acids in Laying Hens: Effects on Laying Performance, Egg Quality, Blood Parameters, Organ Indexes, and Intestinal Development. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:895831. [PMID: 35685343 PMCID: PMC9171047 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.895831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have long been known to facilitate digestion, transport, and absorption of lipids in the small intestine as well as regulate host lipid metabolic homeostasis. However, excessive BAs may lead to long-term damage to tissue. Also, it is unknown whether different levels of porcine BAs supplementation could improve performance, host metabolism, intestinal functions in laying hens. Hence, this study was aimed to investigate the potential effects of BAs addition on laying performance, egg quality, blood parameters, organ indexes, and intestinal histopathology of hens in the late phase. A total of 300 58-week-old Hy-line Gray hens were randomly divided into five groups which fed a basal diet (control) or basal diets supplemented with 60, 300, 600, and 3,000 mg/kg BAs for 56 days. Compared with the control group, no significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in egg production, egg weight, ADFI, and FCR of hens in 60, 300, 600, and 3,000 mg/kg BAs groups. Dietary 60 mg/kg BAs supplementation resulted in a significant increase (P < 0.05) in egg mass. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in egg quality, including eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, albumen height, and Haugh unit among any treatment groups (P > 0.05). Dramatically, dietary 3,000 mg/kg BAs supplement decreased yolk color (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the blood parameters such as WBC, RBC, HGB, HCT, and PLT among any treatments. However, in 3,000 mg/kg BAs group, ovary coefficient was lower than the control (P < 0.05), and serum urea and creatinine were higher than the control (P < 0.05). Also, kidney and oviduct injury appeared in 3,000 mg/kg BAs group. These results indicated that a porcine BAs concentration of 3,000 mg/kg may cause harmful effects while 600 mg/kg was non-deleterious to laying hens after a daily administration for 56 days, namely that dietary supplement of up to 10 times the recommended dose of BAs was safely tolerated by laying hens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shupeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Zhihua Feng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Guoxian Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
- *Correspondence: Guoxian Zhao
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Qiugang Ma
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15
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Resonance Raman and SERRS of fucoxanthin: Prospects for carotenoid quantification in live diatom cells. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Matsui T. Polyphenols-absorption and occurrence in the body system. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.fstr-d-21-00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduated School of Kyushu University
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17
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Multivariate Analysis Reveals That Unsubstituted β-Ring and C8-Keto Structures Are Important Factors for Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Carotenoids. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113699. [PMID: 34835955 PMCID: PMC8622589 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural lipophilic pigments with substantial health benefits. Numerous studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activities of carotenoids, especially toward lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses. As such, there are few reports on the evaluation and comparison of the anti-inflammatory activities of carotenoids against inflammation induced by other stimuli. In this study, we used pathogen-associated molecular patterns, proinflammatory cytokines, degenerated proteins, and chemical irritants as inflammatory inducers to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of eight different carotenoids. Each carotenoid showed characteristic anti-inflammatory activities; thus, we conducted a multivariate analysis to clarify the differences among them. Unsubstituted β-ring (i.e., provitamin A) and C8-keto structures of carotenoids were found to be crucial for their inhibitory effects on the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B and interferon regulatory factors, respectively. Furthermore, we found that β-carotene and echinenone treatment increased intracellular retinoid levels in monocytes and that the retinoids showed the similar activities to β-carotene and echinenone. Taken together, the intake of both provitamin A and C8-keto carotenoids (e.g., siphonaxanthin and fucoxanthin) might be effective in improving the inflammatory status of individuals. A multivariate analysis of anti-inflammatory activities is a useful method for characterizing anti-inflammatory compounds.
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18
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Applying Seaweed Compounds in Cosmetics, Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100552. [PMID: 34677451 PMCID: PMC8539943 DOI: 10.3390/md19100552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in seaweeds for cosmetic, cosmeceutics, and nutricosmetics is increasing based on the demand for natural ingredients. Seaweeds offer advantages in relation to their renewable character, wide distribution, and the richness and versatility of their valuable bioactive compounds, which can be used as ingredients, as additives, and as active agents in the formulation of skin care products. Bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, vitamins, and minerals, are responsible for the biological properties associated with seaweeds. Seaweed fractions can also offer technical features, such as thickening, gelling, emulsifying, texturizing, or moistening to develop cohesive matrices. Furthermore, the possibility of valorizing industrial waste streams and algal blooms makes them an attractive, low cost, raw and renewable material. This review presents an updated summary of the activities of different seaweed compounds and fractions based on scientific and patent literature.
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19
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Terasaki M, Ono S, Hashimoto S, Kubota A, Kojima H, Ohta T, Tanaka T, Maeda H, Miyashita K, Mutoh M. Suppression of C-C chemokine receptor 1 is a key regulation for colon cancer chemoprevention in AOM/DSS mice by fucoxanthin. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108871. [PMID: 34571188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx) has shown potential cancer chemopreventive functions in a carcinogenic murine azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM/DSS) model. However, the molecular mechanisms based on transcriptome profiles in vivo remain poorly understood. We investigated Fx-dependent alterations of the transcriptome with cancer-associated proteins in colorectal mucosal tissue obtained from AOM/DSS mice with or without Fx treatment. Fx administration (50 mg/kg body weight for 14 weeks) significantly prevented the onset of colorectal adenocarcinoma in AOM/DSS mice. A transcriptome analysis revealed that 11 signals, including adhesion, cell cycle, chemokine receptor, interleukin, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, p53, RAS, STAT, TGF-β, and Wnt were remarkably altered by Fx administration. In particular, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1 (Ccr1), which is contained in a gene set related to cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, was the only significantly down-regulated gene after Fx administration for both 7 and 14 weeks. CCR1, AKT, Cyclin D1, and Smad2 were found to play central roles in the 11 signals shown above. Fx administration significantly down-regulated CCR1 (0.3- and 0.5-fold in mucosal crypts and lamina propria, respectively), pAKT(Ser473) (0.2-fold in mucosal crypts), Cyclin D1 (0.4-fold in mucosal crypts), and pSmad2(Ser465/467) (0.7-fold in mucosal crypts) compared with proteins in these tissues of control mice after Fx administration for 14 weeks. Our findings suggested that Fx exerts a chemopreventive effect in AOM/DSS mice through attenuation of CCR1 expression along with 11 cancer-associated signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Terasaki
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan.
| | - Shion Ono
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Saki Hashimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Atsuhito Kubota
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kojima
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan; Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Tohru Ohta
- Advanced Research Promotion Center, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido Japan
| | - Takuji Tanaka
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Research Center of Diagnostic Pathology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hayato Maeda
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Center for Industry-University Collaboration, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michihiro Mutoh
- Department of Molecular-Targeting Prevention, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Neoxanthin prevents H 2O 2-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells by activating endogenous antioxidant signals and suppressing apoptosis signals. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6923-6934. [PMID: 34487292 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06695-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver has a solid inbuilt antioxidant defense system to regulate oxidative stress. However, exposure to an excessive level of ROS causes liver injury. This study examined the cytoprotective effect of neoxanthin, a xanthophyll antioxidant molecule isolated from Solanum trilobatum in stress-induced HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS The cytotoxic effect of H2O2 and cytoprotective potential of β-carotene, lutein, and neoxanthin was analyzed by WST-1 assay. The intracellular ROS level and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured using DCFH-DA (2', 7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate) and JC-10 MMP assay. The expression of anti-oxidant and apoptotic markers was measured by western blot analysis. Neoxanthin pretreatment exhibited better protection than β-carotene and lutein against cell death caused by H2O2. It significantly arrested H2O2-mediated elevation of intracellular ROS levels and protected MMP. The intracellular antioxidant enzymes HO-1 and SOD-2 were upregulated by neoxanthin pretreatment. Neoxanthin also activated the protein expression of redox-sensitive transactivation factors, Nrf2 and NF-kB. The cytoprotective effect of neoxanthin was associated with increased expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-2 and decreased pro-apoptotic protein Bax. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, our results demonstrate that neoxanthin offers adequate protection against stress-mediated cytotoxicity in hepatocytes by activating the intracellular antioxidant defense system and blocking apoptosis.
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21
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Ueno T, Tanaka N, Imoto H, Maekawa M, Kohyama A, Watanabe K, Motoi F, Kamei T, Unno M, Naitoh T. Mechanism of Bile Acid Reabsorption in the Biliopancreatic Limb After Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass in Rats. Obes Surg 2021; 30:2528-2537. [PMID: 32291708 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-020-04506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile acids (BAs) are important in the metabolic effects of bariatric surgery. Most BAs are reabsorbed in the ileum and recycled back to the liver. We have reported that this enterohepatic circulation was shortened by duodenal-jejunal bypass (DJB), and the biliopancreatic (BP)-limb plays an important role in reabsorption of BAs. However, the mechanism of BA reabsorption in BP-limb remains uncertain. We aimed to investigate the mechanisms of BA reabsorption after DJB, especially focusing on carrier-mediated transport of BAs and the impact of the presence or absence of lipids on BA reabsorption. METHODS Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima fatty rats or Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a control group and DJB group. BA levels in the divided small intestine were quantified with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Labeled BA was injected and perfused with BA transporter inhibitors or mixture of lipids in the isolated BP-limb, and bile was sampled and analyzed. RESULTS Conjugated BA levels in the BP-limb were significantly higher than that of the control group. BA absorption tended to decrease by the apical sodium-dependent BA transporter inhibitor and was significantly decreased by the organic anion-transporting peptide (OATP) inhibitor. BA absorption tended to increase in the absence of lipid solutions compared with that in the presence of lipid solutions. CONCLUSION We attributed the increased BA reabsorption in the BP-limb to lack of food in the BP-limb, which contains concentrated BAs and no lipids. OATP played an important role in BA reabsorption in the BP-limb. Therefore, BAs would be reabsorbed in different manners after DJB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotaka Ueno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Imoto
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kohyama
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Motoi
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamei
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Michiaki Unno
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Takeshi Naitoh
- Department of Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8574, Japan
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22
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Böhm V, Lietz G, Olmedilla-Alonso B, Phelan D, Reboul E, Bánati D, Borel P, Corte-Real J, de Lera AR, Desmarchelier C, Dulinska-Litewka J, Landrier JF, Milisav I, Nolan J, Porrini M, Riso P, Roob JM, Valanou E, Wawrzyniak A, Winklhofer-Roob BM, Rühl R, Bohn T. From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations. Nutr Rev 2021; 79:544-573. [PMID: 32766681 PMCID: PMC8025354 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is uncertainty regarding carotenoid intake recommendations, because positive and negative health effects have been found or are correlated with carotenoid intake and tissue levels (including blood, adipose tissue, and the macula), depending on the type of study (epidemiological vs intervention), the dose (physiological vs supraphysiological) and the matrix (foods vs supplements, isolated or used in combination). All these factors, combined with interindividual response variations (eg, depending on age, sex, disease state, genetic makeup), make the relationship between carotenoid intake and their blood/tissue concentrations often unclear and highly variable. Although blood total carotenoid concentrations <1000 nmol/L have been related to increased chronic disease risk, no dietary reference intakes (DRIs) exist. Although high total plasma/serum carotenoid concentrations of up to 7500 nmol/L are achievable after supplementation, a plateauing effect for higher doses and prolonged intake is apparent. In this review and position paper, the current knowledge on carotenoids in serum/plasma and tissues and their relationship to dietary intake and health status is summarized with the aim of proposing suggestions for a "normal," safe, and desirable range of concentrations that presumably are beneficial for health. Existing recommendations are likewise evaluated and practical dietary suggestions are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Böhm
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Georg Lietz
- Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Phelan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | | | | | - Patrick Borel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, Aix Marseille Univ, Marseille, France
| | - Joana Corte-Real
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Angel R de Lera
- Departmento de Química Orgánica, Centro De Investigaciones Biomédicas and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Vigo, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Irina Milisav
- University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia and with University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Medicine, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John Nolan
- Nutrition Research Centre Ireland, School of Health Science, Carriganore House, Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Universitàdegli Studi di Milano, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Milan, Italy
| | - Johannes M Roob
- Research Unit Chronic Inflammation in Nephrology, Clinical Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Agata Wawrzyniak
- Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Brigitte M Winklhofer-Roob
- Human Nutrition & Metabolism Research and Training Center, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl-Franzens University, Graz, Austria
| | - Ralph Rühl
- Paprika Bioanalytics BT, Debrecen, Hungary and with CISCAREX UG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Population Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
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23
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Uptake of Vitamins D 2, D 3, D 4, D 5, D 6, and D 7 Solubilized in Mixed Micelles by Human Intestinal Cells, Caco-2, an Enhancing Effect of Lysophosphatidylcholine on the Cellular Uptake, and Estimation of Vitamins D' Biological Activities. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041126. [PMID: 33805560 PMCID: PMC8067314 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamins D have various biological activities, as well as intestinal calcium absorption. There has been recent concern about insufficient vitamin D intake. In addition to vitamins D2 and D3, there are lesser-known vitamins D4–D7. We synthesized vitamins D5–D7, which are not commercially available, and then evaluated and compared the mixed micelles-solubilized vitamins D uptake by Caco-2 cells. Except for vitamin D5, the uptake amounts of vitamins D4–D7 by differentiated Caco-2 cells were similar to those of vitamins D2 and D3. The facilitative diffusion rate in the ezetimibe inhibited pathway was approximately 20% for each vitamin D type, suggesting that they would pass through the pathway at a similar rate. Lysophosphatidylcholine enhanced each vitamin D uptake by approximately 2.5-fold. Lysophosphatidylcholine showed an enhancing effect on vitamin D uptake by reducing the intercellular barrier formation of Caco-2 cells by reducing cellular cholesterol, suggesting that increasing the uptakes of vitamins D and/or co-ingesting them with lysophosphatidylcholine, would improve vitamin D insufficiency. The various biological activities in the activated form of vitamins D4–D7 were estimated by Prediction of Activity Spectra for Substances (PASS) online simulation. These may have some biological activities, supporting the potential as nutritional components.
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Pereira AG, Otero P, Echave J, Carreira-Casais A, Chamorro F, Collazo N, Jaboui A, Lourenço-Lopes C, Simal-Gandara J, Prieto MA. Xanthophylls from the Sea: Algae as Source of Bioactive Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040188. [PMID: 33801636 PMCID: PMC8067268 DOI: 10.3390/md19040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Algae are considered pigment-producing organisms. The function of these compounds in algae is to carry out photosynthesis. They have a great variety of pigments, which can be classified into three large groups: chlorophylls, carotenoids, and phycobilins. Within the carotenoids are xanthophylls. Xanthophylls (fucoxanthin, astaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and β-cryptoxanthin) are a type of carotenoids with anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory activities, due to their chemical structure rich in double bonds that provides them with antioxidant properties. In this context, xanthophylls can protect other molecules from oxidative stress by turning off singlet oxygen damage through various mechanisms. Based on clinical studies, this review shows the available information concerning the bioactivity and biological effects of the main xanthophylls present in algae. In addition, the algae with the highest production rate of the different compounds of interest were studied. It was observed that fucoxanthin is obtained mainly from the brown seaweeds Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiformis, Sargassum spp., and Fucus spp. The main sources of astaxanthin are the microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Chlorella zofingiensis, and Chlorococcum sp. Lutein and zeaxanthin are mainly found in algal species such as Scenedesmus spp., Chlorella spp., Rhodophyta spp., or Spirulina spp. However, the extraction and purification processes of xanthophylls from algae need to be standardized to facilitate their commercialization. Finally, we assessed factors that determine the bioavailability and bioaccesibility of these molecules. We also suggested techniques that increase xanthophyll’s bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antia G. Pereira
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - Paz Otero
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Javier Echave
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Anxo Carreira-Casais
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Franklin Chamorro
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Nicolas Collazo
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Amira Jaboui
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Catarina Lourenço-Lopes
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
- Correspondence: (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Miguel A. Prieto
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Analytical and Food Chemistry Department, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Ourense Campus, University of Vigo, E-32004 Ourense, Spain; (A.G.P.); (P.O.); (J.E.); (A.C.-C.); (F.C.); (N.C.); (A.J.); (C.L.-L.)
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Correspondence: (J.S.-G.); (M.A.P.)
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Chitosan-sodium alginate-fatty acid nanocarrier system: Lutein bioavailability, absorption pharmacokinetics in diabetic rat and protection of retinal cells against H 2O 2 induced oxidative stress in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 254:117409. [PMID: 33357895 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aiming to enhance therapeutic efficiency of lutein, lutein loaded chitosan-sodium alginate (CS-SA) based nanocarrier system (LNCs) were prepared and evaluated for lutein bioavailability and pharmacokinetics in diabetic rats in comparison to micellar lutein (control). Further, cytotoxicity, cellular uptake and protective activity against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in ARPE-19 cells were studied. Results revealed that LNCs displayed maximal lutein AUC in plasma, liver and eye respectively in normal (3.1, 2.7 and 5.2 folds) and diabetic (7.3, 3.4 and 2.8 folds) rats. Lutein from LNCs exhibited a higher half-life time, mean residence time and slow clearance from the plasma, indicating prolonged circulation compared to control. In ARPE-19 cells, pre-treatment with LNCs (10 μM) have significantly attenuated H2O2 induced cell death, intracellular ROS and mitochondrial membrane potential compared to control. In conclusion, LNCs improve the lutein bioavailability in conditions like diabetes, diabetic retinopathy and cataract to curtail oxidative stress in retinal cells.
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Otani S, Miki S, Nakamura Y, Ishimoto K, Ago Y, Nakagawa S. Improved Bioavailability of β-Carotene by Amorphous Solid Dispersion Technology in Rats. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2021; 66:207-210. [PMID: 32350183 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.66.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
β-Carotene (BC) is a natural lipophilic carotenoid mainly present in vegetables and fruits. Although it has various beneficial pharmacological activities, its bioavailability is low owing to its low water solubility. Recently, we reported that BC solid dispersion prepared using hot-melt technology with polyvinylpyrrolidone and sucrose fatty acid esters was in an amorphous state and showed the highest solubility. We hypothesized that the absorption of BC solid dispersion would be better because of its increased water solubility. To verify this, we conducted a pharmacokinetic analysis of BC for application in functional foods. Crystalline or amorphous BC was orally administered to rats. Blood was collected at various time points, and the BC concentration in the plasma was measured by HPLC. Oral administration of amorphous BC showed increased absorption in rats compared with that of BC crystals. Using blood samples from rats that were intravenously injected with the plasma of rats that had been orally administered BC, pharmacokinetic parameters could be calculated without using organic solvents or surfactants. It was possible to calculate various pharmacokinetic parameters under physiological conditions according to amorphous BC characteristics. Thus, we were able to determine the bioavailability of BC after oral administration. This simple technology to improve BC solubility without the use of organic solvents can be applied not only in the pharmaceutical industry but also in the food industry, and it therefore has high utility value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuichi Otani
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,R&D Group, Mitsui Norin Co. Ltd
| | - Shohei Miki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Yuta Nakamura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University
| | - Kenji Ishimoto
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatic, Osaka University
| | - Yukio Ago
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatic, Osaka University
| | - Shinsaku Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Innovative Food Science, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University.,Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatic, Osaka University
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Yamashita S, Fujiwara K, Tominaga Y, Nguma E, Takahashi T, Otoki Y, Yamamoto A, Higuchi O, Nakagawa K, Kinoshita M, Miyazawa T. Absorption Kinetics of Ethanolamine Plasmalogen and Its Hydrolysate in Mice. J Oleo Sci 2021; 70:263-273. [PMID: 33456005 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethanolamine plasmalogen (PlsEtn), a subclass of ethanolamine glycerophospholipid (EtnGpl), has been reported to have many biological and dietary functions. In terms of PlsEtn absorption, some studies have reported that PlsEtn is re-esterized at the sn-2 position using lymph cannulation and the everted jejunal sac model. In this study, we aimed to better understand the uptake kinetics of PlsEtn and increase its absorption. We thus compared the uptake kinetics of PlsEtn with that of the lyso-form, in which the fatty acid at the sn-2 position was hydrolyzed enzymatically. Upon administration of EtnGpl (extracted from oysters or ascidians, 75.4 mol% and 88.4 mol% of PlsEtn ratio, respectively), the plasma PlsEtn species in mice showed the highest levels at 4 or 8 hours after administration. In the contrast, administration of the EtnGpl hydrolysate, which contained lysoEtnGpl and free fatty acids, markedly increased the plasma levels of PlsEtn species at 2 h after administration. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), especially the AUC0-4 h of PlsEtn species, was higher with hydrolysate administration than that with EtnGpl administration. These results indicate that EtnGpl hydrolysis accelerated the absorption and metabolism of PlsEtn. Consequently, using a different experimental approach from that used in previous studies, we reconfirmed that PlsEtn species were absorbed via hydrolysis at the sn-2 position, suggesting that hydrolysis in advance could increase PlsEtn uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Yamashita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Kazufumi Fujiwara
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Yuki Tominaga
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Ephantus Nguma
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Takumi Takahashi
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | | | - Ohki Higuchi
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
| | - Mikio Kinoshita
- Department of Life and Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
| | - Teruo Miyazawa
- Food and Biotechnology Platform Promoting Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University
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Delivery of β-carotene to the in vitro intestinal barrier using nanoemulsions with lecithin or sodium caseinate as emulsifiers. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Toragall V, Jayapala N, S P M, Vallikanan B. Biodegradable chitosan-sodium alginate-oleic acid nanocarrier promotes bioavailability and target delivery of lutein in rat model with no toxicity. Food Chem 2020; 330:127195. [PMID: 32585586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Efficient delivery of macular carotenoid lutein to target retinal tissue is possible with enhanced intestinal uptake remains a major challenge owing to the polarity, sensitivity to light, heat and solubility. In this study, to overcome such constraints, biodegradable polymers chitosan-sodium alginate-oleic acid based nano-carrier loaded with lutein (LNCs) was prepared and safety efficacy was examined in vivo. Acute-toxicity of LNCs (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 mg/kg body weight) revealed that the LD50 of LNCs was higher than 100 mg/kg body weight. In subacute-toxicity of LNCs (1 and 10 mg/kg body weight) revealed no mortality with no morphological and clinical changes in rats. Histology, haematology and biochemical analysis of urine and plasma confirmed no toxicity of LNCs compared to control. Post-prandial plasma and tissue (retina) levels of lutein from LNCs were higher. Results demonstrate increased bioavailability of lutein from LNCs with no toxicity suggests applications in food and pharma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veeresh Toragall
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Naveen Jayapala
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India
| | - Muthukumar S P
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Baskaran Vallikanan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore 570020, Karnataka, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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Genç Y, Bardakci H, Yücel Ç, Karatoprak GŞ, Küpeli Akkol E, Hakan Barak T, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Oxidative Stress and Marine Carotenoids: Application by Using Nanoformulations. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080423. [PMID: 32823595 PMCID: PMC7459739 DOI: 10.3390/md18080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and microorganisms. They are responsible for the coloration of different photosynthetic organisms. Although they play a role in photosynthesis, they are also present in non-photosynthetic plant tissues, fungi, and bacteria. These metabolites have mainly been used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to their utilization as pigmentation, they have significant therapeutically applications, such as improving immune system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Primarily, they have attracted attention due to their antioxidant activity. Several statistical investigations indicated an association between the use of carotenoids in diets and a decreased incidence of cancer types, suggesting the antioxidant properties of these compounds as an important factor in the scope of the studies against oxidative stress. Unusual marine environments are associated with a great chemical diversity, resulting in novel bioactive molecules. Thus, marine organisms may represent an important source of novel biologically active substances for the development of therapeutics. Marine carotenoids (astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein but also the rare siphonaxanthin, sioxanthin, and myxol) have recently shown antioxidant properties in reducing oxidative stress markers. Numerous of bioactive compounds such as marine carotenoids have low stability, are poorly absorbed, and own very limited bioavailability. The new technique is nanoencapsulation, which can be used to preserve marine carotenoids and their original properties during processing, storage, improve their physiochemical properties and increase their health-promoting effects. This review aims to describe the role of marine carotenoids, their potential applications and different types of advanced nanoformulations preventing and treating oxidative stress related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Genç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Hilal Bardakci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.B.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-53972783 (E.S.-S.); Fax: +90-312-2235018 (E.K.A.)
| | - Timur Hakan Barak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.B.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-53972783 (E.S.-S.); Fax: +90-312-2235018 (E.K.A.)
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Zhang Y, Takao K, Abe C, Sasaki K, Ochiai K, Matsui T. Intestinal Absorption of Prenylated Isoflavones, Glyceollins, in Sprague-Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:8205-8211. [PMID: 32648443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although prenylated isoflavones or glyceollins elicit physiological effects more potent than those by isoflavones, the bioavailability remains unclear. The present study aimed to clarify the intestinal absorption behavior of glyceollins in Sprague-Dawley rats. Upon oral administration of 1.0 mg/kg glyceollin I or III (daidzein as comparative compound) to the rats, no peaks corresponding to the intact forms of the compounds were detected in plasma by liquid chromatography-time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS) analysis. In contrast, enzymatic deconjugation of plasma resulted in successful MS detection of each glyceollin; glyceollin I absorption was >10 times higher than that of daidzein, given its high log P value. The present study demonstrated for the first time that glyceollins were more absorbable than mother isoflavones due to their high hydrophobicity, and they metabolized to form sulfated, glucuronized, and methylated conjugates during the intestinal absorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zhang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Takao
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Chizumi Abe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kuni Sasaki
- Daiz. Inc., 3-14-3 Minami-kumamoto, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0812, Japan
| | - Koji Ochiai
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Daiz. Inc., 3-14-3 Minami-kumamoto, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0812, Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School of Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Wealleans AL, Buyse J, Scholey D, Van Campenhout L, Burton E, Di Benedetto M, Pritchard S, Nuyens F, Jansen M. Lysolecithin, but not lecithin, improves nutrient digestibility and growth rates in young broilers. Br Poult Sci 2020; 61:414-423. [PMID: 32178525 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1736514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
1. The potential of lecithin and lysolecithin to improve lipid digestion and growth performance was investigated in three experiments: 1. an in vitro model that mimics the intestinal conditions of the chick, 2. a digestibility trial with chicks (5-7 days of age), and 3. a performance trial until 21 days of age. 2. In experiment 1, palm oil (PO), palm oil with lecithin (PO+L), and palm oil with lysolecithin (PO+LY) were subjected to in vitro hydrolysis and applied to Caco-2 monolayers to assess lipid absorption. 3. The in vitro hydrolysis rate of triglycerides was higher in PO+LY (k = 11.76 × 103/min) than in either PO (k = 9.73 × 103/min) or PO+L (k = 8.41 × 103/min), and the absorption of monoglycerides and free fatty acids was highest (P < 0.01) for PO+LY. In experiment 2, 90 broilers were assigned to three dietary treatments: a basal diet with 4% palm oil, and the basal diet supplemented with either 250 ppm lecithin or lysolecithin. 4. ATTD of crude fat was higher in broilers supplemented with lysolecithin, but was lower in broilers supplemented with lecithin. DM digestibility and AMEn in birds supplemented with lysolecithin were significantly higher (3.03% and 0.47 MJ/kg, respectively). 5. In experiment 3, 480 broilers were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments: basal diet with soybean oil (2%), basal diet with lecithin (2%), soybean oil diet with 250 ppm lysolecithin, or lecithin oil diet with 250 ppm lysolecithin. 6. Lecithin diets significantly reduced weight at day 10 and 21 compared with soybean oil. However, the addition of lysolecithin to lecithin-containing diets significantly improved bird performance. 7. The results of these studies showed that, in contrast to lecithin, lysolecithin was able to significantly improve the digestibility and energy values of feed in young broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Wealleans
- Kemin Animal Health and Nutrtion, Kemin Europa N.V , Herentals, Belgium
| | - J Buyse
- Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Geel, Belgium
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Scholey
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University , Southwell, UK
| | - L Van Campenhout
- Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Center (LFoRCe), KU Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
- Lab4Food, Cluster for Bioengineering Technology (CBeT), Department of Microbial and Molecular Systems (M2S), KU Leuven , Geel, Belgium
| | - E Burton
- School of Animal, Rural and Environmental Sciences, Nottingham Trent University , Southwell, UK
| | - M Di Benedetto
- Kemin Animal Health and Nutrtion, Kemin Europa N.V , Herentals, Belgium
| | | | - F Nuyens
- Kemin Animal Health and Nutrtion, Kemin Europa N.V , Herentals, Belgium
| | - M Jansen
- Kemin Animal Health and Nutrtion, Kemin Europa N.V , Herentals, Belgium
- Division Animal and Human Health Engineering, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven , Geel, Belgium
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Li Z, Zheng J, Luo X, Manabe Y, Hirata T, Sugawara T. Absorption and Tissue Distribution of Siphonaxanthin from Green Algae. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060291. [PMID: 32492769 PMCID: PMC7345836 DOI: 10.3390/md18060291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Siphonaxanthin has been known to possess inhibitory effects against obesity, inflammation, and angiogenesis. However, little information on its in vivo bioavailability and biotransformation is available. To assess the bioavailability and metabolism of siphonaxanthin, its absorption and accumulation were evaluated using intestinal Caco-2 cells and Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Siphonaxanthin was absorbed and exhibited non-uniform accumulation and distribution patterns in tissues of ICR mice. Notably, in addition to siphonaxanthin, three main compounds were detected following dietary administration of siphonaxanthin. Because the compounds showed changes on mass spectra compared with that of siphonaxanthin, they were presumed to be metabolites of siphonaxanthin in ICR mice. Siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in stomach and small intestine, while putative metabolites of siphonaxanthin mainly accumulated in liver and adipose tissues. Furthermore, siphonaxanthin and its putative metabolites selectively accumulated in white adipose tissue (WAT), especially mesenteric WAT. These results provide useful evidence regarding the in vivo bioactivity of siphonaxanthin. In particular, the results regarding the specific accumulation of siphonaxanthin and its metabolites in WAT have important implications for understanding their anti-obesity effects and regulatory roles in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosi Li
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Jiawen Zheng
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Xiaolin Luo
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shijonawate Gakuen University, Osaka 5740011, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan; (Z.L.); (J.Z.); (X.L.); (Y.M.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-75-753-6212
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Toragall V, Jayapala N, Vallikannan B. Chitosan-oleic acid-sodium alginate a hybrid nanocarrier as an efficient delivery system for enhancement of lutein stability and bioavailability. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:578-594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Miyashita K, Beppu F, Hosokawa M, Liu X, Wang S. Nutraceutical characteristics of the brown seaweed carotenoid fucoxanthin. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 686:108364. [PMID: 32315653 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin (Fx), a major carotenoid found in brown seaweed, is known to show a unique and wide variety of biological activities. Upon absorption, Fx is metabolized to fucoxanthinol and amarouciaxanthin, and these metabolites mainly accumulate in visceral white adipose tissue (WAT). As seen in other carotenoids, Fx can quench singlet oxygen and scavenge a wide range of free radicals. The antioxidant activity is related to the neuroprotective, photoprotective, and hepatoprotective effects of Fx. Fx is also reported to show anti-cancer activity through the regulation of several biomolecules and signaling pathways that are involved in either cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, or metastasis suppression. Among the biological activities of Fx, anti-obesity is the most well-studied and most promising effect. This effect is primarily based on the upregulation of thermogenesis by uncoupling protein 1 expression and the increase in the metabolic rate induced by mitochondrial activation. In addition, Fx shows anti-diabetic effects by improving insulin resistance and promoting glucose utilization in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Beppu
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Masashi Hosokawa
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Xiaoyong Liu
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng City, 264300, China
| | - Shuzhou Wang
- Shandong Haizhibao Ocean Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Rongcheng City, 264300, China
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Morifuji M, Ichikawa S, Kitade M, Fukasawa T, Asami Y, Manabe Y, Sugawara T. Exopolysaccharides from milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria enhance dietary carotenoid bioavailability in humans in a randomized crossover trial and in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 111:903-914. [PMID: 32083646 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary supplementation with carotenoids can have beneficial health effects, but carotenoids are poorly absorbed. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate how milk fermented by lactic acid bacteria affects dietary carotenoid bioavailability in humans and rats and to investigate mechanisms by which active components in milk fermented by Lactobacilli enhance dietary carotenoid absorption. METHODS Male rats (n = 8/group) were administered β-carotene or β-carotene + fermented milk. Rats (n = 6/group) were also pretreated with ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, to investigate β-carotene transport mechanisms. In humans, 3 studies were conducted using a randomized crossover method. Subjects (n = 16/study) consumed a vegetable (carrot, tomato, or spinach) drink alone or with a fermented milk drink. Blood samples were collected at various time points after consumption. RESULTS In rats, the serum β-carotene area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) was significantly higher for the β-carotene + fermented milk than for β-carotene only. A significant correlation (r = 0.83, P < 0.001) between the exopolysaccharide (EPS) content of fermented milk and serum β-carotene AUC was observed. Ezetimibe treatment did not suppress elevations in serum β-carotene concentrations induced by fermented milk ingestion. In humans, the incremental area under the concentration-time curve (iAUC) for β-carotene in the plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fraction was significantly (1.8-fold, range: 0.6-3.9) higher when carrot + fermented milk was consumed compared with carrot drink alone. A significantly (6.5-fold, range: 0.04-7.7) higher iAUC for lycopene in the plasma TRL fraction was observed for subjects who consumed tomato + fermented milk compared with tomato drink alone. A significant increase in plasma lutein in all fractions was observed after consumption of spinach + fermented milk, but not with spinach drink alone. CONCLUSIONS Co-ingestion of β-carotene and fermented milk significantly increased dietary β-carotene bioavailability in humans and rats. EPSs could affect the physical properties of fermented milk to enhance dietary β-carotene absorption mediated by simple diffusion mechanisms. These findings may be relevant for methods to increase dietary carotenoid bioavailability.This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp/ctr as UMIN000034838, UMIN000034839, and UMIN000034840.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Morifuji
- Food Microbiology Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., Meiji Innovation Center, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satomi Ichikawa
- Food Microbiology Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., Meiji Innovation Center, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masami Kitade
- Food Microbiology Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., Meiji Innovation Center, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fukasawa
- Food Microbiology Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., Meiji Innovation Center, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukio Asami
- Food Microbiology Research Labs, Meiji Co., Ltd., Meiji Innovation Center, Hachiouji, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
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Movagharnejad M, Kazemi-Fard M, Rezaei M, Teimuri-Yansari A. Effects of Lysophospholipid and Lipase Enzyme Supplementation to Low Metabolizable Energy Diets on Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology and Microbial Population and Some Blood Metabolites in Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2019-1118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Movagharnejad
- Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
| | - M Kazemi-Fard
- Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
| | - M Rezaei
- Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Iran
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Edelman R, Engelberg S, Fahoum L, Meyron-Holtz EG, Livney YD. Potato protein- based carriers for enhancing bioavailability of astaxanthin. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.04.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wealleans AL, Jansen M, di Benedetto M. The addition of lysolecithin to broiler diets improves growth performance across fat levels and sources: a meta-analysis of 33 trials. Br Poult Sci 2019; 61:51-56. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2019.1671955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Jansen
- Kemin Animal Health and Nutrition, Herentals, Belgium
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40
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Manabe Y, Ichihara M, Fukuda K, Tomonaga N, Li ZS, Yamanashi Y, Suzuki H, Takada T, Matsuo M, Sugawara T. Niemann-Pick C1-like 1 Promotes Intestinal Absorption of Siphonaxanthin. Lipids 2019; 54:707-714. [PMID: 31574565 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Siphonaxanthin is a carotenoid found in certain green algae, and its promising beneficial properties, such as its anti-obesity effect, have recently been demonstrated. However, there is little information about the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal absorption of siphonaxanthin. In this study, we aimed to elucidate how siphonaxanthin is transported across the intestinal epithelium using differentiated Caco-2 cells (dCaco-2 cells), recombinant proteins, and an animal model. Siphonaxanthin was taken up by dCaco-2 cells, a model of intestinal epithelial cells, and its uptake linearly increased up to at least 6 h. Pharmacological inhibition of Nieman-Pick C1-like 1 (NPC1L1), but not that of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), significantly suppressed siphonaxanthin uptake by dCaco-2 cells. Results from an in vitro binding assay suggested that the N-terminal domain of NPC1L1, which is an extracellular domain of NPC1L1, binds with siphonaxanthin. Moreover, pretreatment with ezetimibe, an inhibitor of NPC1L1, significantly decreased the plasma level of siphonaxanthin following oral administration in mice. Considered together, we concluded that NPC1L1 promotes siphonaxanthin transport across the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Misato Ichihara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fukuda
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Nami Tomonaga
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Zhuo-Si Li
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Yamanashi
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Suzuki
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tappei Takada
- Department of Pharmacy, The University of Tokyo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michinori Matsuo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyoto Women's University, 35 Kitahiyoshi-cho, Imakumano, Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto, 605-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
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Zhong S, Vendrell-Pacheco M, Heskitt B, Chitchumroonchokchai C, Failla M, Sastry SK, Francis DM, Martin-Belloso O, Elez-Martínez P, Kopec RE. Novel Processing Technologies as Compared to Thermal Treatment on the Bioaccessibility and Caco-2 Cell Uptake of Carotenoids from Tomato and Kale-Based Juices. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10185-10194. [PMID: 31423782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to measure the impact of novel food processing techniques, i.e., pulsed electric field (PEF) and ohmic heating (OH), on carotenoid bioaccessibility and Caco-2 cell uptake from tomato juice and high-pressure processing (HPP) and PEF on the same attributes from kale-based juices, as compared with raw (nonprocessed) and conventional thermally treated (TT) juices. Lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein were quantitated in juices and the micelle fraction using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-diode array detection and in Caco-2 cells using HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry. Tomato juice results were as follows: PEF increased lycopene bioaccessibility (1.5 ± 0.39%) by 150% (P = 0.01) but reduced β-carotene bioaccessibility (28 ± 6.2%) by 44% (P = 0.02), relative to raw juice. All processing methods increased lutein uptake. Kale-based juice results were as follows: TT and PEF degraded β-carotene and lutein in the juice. No difference in bioaccessibility or cell uptake was observed. Total delivery, i.e., the summation of bioaccessibility and cell uptake, of lycopene, β-carotene, and lutein was independent of type of processing. Taken together, PEF and OH enhanced total lycopene and lutein delivery from tomato juice to Caco-2 cells as well as TT, and may produce a more desirable product due to other factors (i.e., conservation of heat-labile micronutrients, fresher organoleptic profile). HPP best conserved the carotenoid content and color of kale-based juice and merits further consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - David M Francis
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science , The Ohio State University , Wooster , Ohio 44691 , United States
| | - Olga Martin-Belloso
- Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center , University of Lleida , Lleida 25003 , Spain
| | - Pedro Elez-Martínez
- Department of Food Technology, Agrotecnio Center , University of Lleida , Lleida 25003 , Spain
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Xi M, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of seaweed intake. GENES & NUTRITION 2019; 14:24. [PMID: 31428206 PMCID: PMC6694598 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-019-0648-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds are marine macroalgae, some of which are edible. They are rich in specific dietary fibers and also contain other characteristic biological constituents. Biological activities have been investigated mainly in animal studies, while very few results are available from human studies. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) specific to seaweed could play an important role as objective measurements in observational studies and dietary intervention studies. Thus, the health effects of seaweeds can be explored and understood by discovering and applying BFIs. This review summarizes studies to identify candidate BFIs of seaweed intake. These BFIs are evaluated by a structured validation scheme. Hydroxytrifuhalol A, 7-hydroxyeckol, C-O-C dimer of phloroglucinol, diphloroethol, fucophloroethol, dioxinodehydroeckol, and/or their glucuronides or sulfate esters which all belong to the phlorotannins are considered candidate biomarkers for brown seaweed. Fucoxanthinol, the main metabolite of fucoxanthin, is also regarded as a candidate biomarker for brown seaweed. Further validation will be needed due to the very limited number of human studies. Further studies are also needed to identify additional candidate biomarkers, relevant specifically for the red and green seaweeds, for which no candidate biomarkers emerged from the literature search. Reliable BFIs should also ideally be found for the whole seaweed food group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyao Xi
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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43
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Ranganathan A, Manabe Y, Sugawara T, Hirata T, Shivanna N, Baskaran V. Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide)-phospholipid nanocarrier for efficient delivery of macular pigment lutein: absorption pharmacokinetics in mice and antiproliferative effect in Hep G2 cells. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:178-191. [PMID: 30284121 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-018-0590-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lutein has various biological activities, its application in food and pharma industries are limited due to poor aqueous solubility, stability, and bioavailability. To achieve various benefits, lutein-poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-phospholipid (PL) nanocapsules were prepared. Lutein-PLGA NCs (+PL) were synthesized, characterized and its bioavailability was studied in vitro and in vivo. The cellular uptake and anti-proliferative activity were analyzed in Hep G2 cells. The mean size and zeta value of lutein-PLGA NCs (+PL) were 140 ± 6 nm and - 44 mV. The amorphous nature of lutein in PLGA NCs (+PL) was confirmed by XRD and DSC. In vitro lutein release kinetics showed an initial burst followed by sustainable release up to 86%. In vitro bioavailability showed 62.7% higher lutein bioaccessibility than lutein in free form. The AUC of lutein after single oral dose of lutein-PLGA NCs (+PL) revealed 3.91-fold (plasma), 2.89-fold (liver), and 3.12-fold (eyes) higher absorption than the control (mixed micelles). The IC50 of lutein-PLGA NCs (+PL) in Hep G2 cells at 72 h was 4.5 μM as opposed to 23.4 μM for lutein in free form. Thus, results reveal that PL added to PLGA NCs helps in enhancing the solubility which in turn resulted in its better bioavailability and bioefficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Ranganathan
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India
- John. A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84132, USA
| | - Yuki Manabe
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sugawara
- Department of Applied Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 6068502, Japan
| | - Takashi Hirata
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shijonawategakuen University, Osaka, 5740011, Japan
| | - Naveen Shivanna
- Department of Applied Microbiology, DRDO- Defence Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570011, India
| | - Vallikannan Baskaran
- Department of Biochemistry, CSIR-Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, Karnataka, 570020, India.
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Wang Q, Long S, Hu J, Li M, Pan L, Piao X. Effects of dietary lysophospholipid complex supplementation on lactation performance, and nutrient digestibility in lactating sows. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Viera I, Pérez-Gálvez A, Roca M. Bioaccessibility of Marine Carotenoids. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E397. [PMID: 30360450 PMCID: PMC6213429 DOI: 10.3390/md16100397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The benefit of carotenoids to human health is undeniable and consequently, their use for this purpose is growing rapidly. Additionally, the nutraceutical properties of carotenoids have attracted attention of the food industry, especially in a new market area, the 'cosmeceuticals.' Marine organisms (microalgae, seaweeds, animals, etc.) are a rich source of carotenoids, with optimal properties for industrial production and biotechnological manipulation. Consequently, several papers have reviewed the analysis, characterization, extraction and determination methods, biological functions and industrial applications. But, now, the bioaccessibility and bioactivity of marine carotenoids has not been focused of any review, although important achievements have been published. The specific and diverse characteristic of the marine matrix determines the bioavailability of carotenoids, some of them unique in the nature. Considering the importance of the bioavailability not just from the health and nutritional point of view but also to the food and pharmaceutical industry, we consider that the present review responds to an actual demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Viera
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Antonio Pérez-Gálvez
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - María Roca
- Food Phytochemistry Department, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), University Campus, Building 46, Carretera de Utrera km. 1., 41013 Sevilla, Spain.
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Komba S, Kotake-Nara E, Tsuzuki W. Degradation of Fucoxanthin to Elucidate the Relationship between the Fucoxanthin Molecular Structure and Its Antiproliferative Effect on Caco-2 Cells. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E275. [PMID: 30082622 PMCID: PMC6117710 DOI: 10.3390/md16080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin has an antiproliferative effect on cancer cells, but its detailed structure⁻activity correlation has not yet been elucidated. To elucidate this correlation, fucoxanthin was degraded by ozonolysis. The degraded compounds of fucoxanthin obtained by ozonolysis were purified by HPLC and analyzed by NMR. The polyene chain of fucoxanthin was cleaved by ozonolysis, and the fucoxanthin was divided into two types of cyclohexyl derivatives, one with a β,γ-epoxy ketone group and the other with an allenic bond. In order to elucidate the structure⁻activity correlation, Caco-2 cells (human colorectal carcinoma) were treated with fucoxanthin degradation compounds. It was found that the entire structure of fucoxanthin is not essential for its antiproliferative effect and that even a partial structure exerts this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro Komba
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Wakako Tsuzuki
- Food Component Analysis Unit, Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
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Manabe Y, Komatsu T, Seki S, Sugawara T. Dietary astaxanthin can accumulate in the brain of rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2018; 82:1433-1436. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2018.1459467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
We evaluated the distribution of astaxanthin in rat brains after a single dose administration and after feeding 0.1% astaxanthin diet for 5 days. Astaxanthin was detected in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex 4 and 8 h after a single dose. Astaxanthin concentration in rat brains was higher after consumption of astaxanthin diet for 5 days than after a single dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Manabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Shinobu Seki
- Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Research Laboratories, Research and Development Management Headquarters, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan
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Riethorst D, Mitra A, Kesisoglou F, Xu W, Tack J, Brouwers J, Augustijns P. Human intestinal fluid layer separation: The effect on colloidal structures & solubility of lipophilic compounds. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 129:104-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Kumagai K, Nebashi N, Muromachi A, Nakano Y, Ito Y, Nagasawa T. Emulsified Fucoxanthin Increases Stability and Absorption in Rats. J JPN SOC FOOD SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/nskkk.65.349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kota Kumagai
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
- Department of Bioresources Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University
| | - Naohiro Nebashi
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Ayako Muromachi
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Yuichiro Nakano
- Healthcare Products Development Center, KYOWA HAKKO BIO CO., LTD
| | - Yoshiaki Ito
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
| | - Takashi Nagasawa
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University
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Aizawa H, Ichikawa S, Kotake-Nara E, Nagao A. Effects of a lysophosphatidylcholine and a phosphatidylcholine on the morphology of taurocholic acid-based mixed micelles as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2017.1380529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Aizawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan
| | - Sosaku Ichikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kotake-Nara
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Akihiko Nagao
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Jumonji University, Niiza, Saitama, Japan
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