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Corbin LJ, Hughes DA, Bull CJ, Vincent EE, Smith ML, McConnachie A, Messow CM, Welsh P, Taylor R, Lean MEJ, Sattar N, Timpson NJ. The metabolomic signature of weight loss and remission in the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial (DiRECT). Diabetologia 2024; 67:74-87. [PMID: 37878066 PMCID: PMC10709482 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS High-throughput metabolomics technologies in a variety of study designs have demonstrated a consistent metabolomic signature of overweight and type 2 diabetes. However, the extent to which these metabolomic patterns can be reversed with weight loss and diabetes remission has been weakly investigated. We aimed to characterise the metabolomic consequences of a weight-loss intervention in individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS We analysed 574 fasted serum samples collected within an existing RCT (the Diabetes Remission Clinical Trial [DiRECT]) (N=298). In the trial, participating primary care practices were randomly assigned (1:1) to provide either a weight management programme (intervention) or best-practice care by guidelines (control) treatment to individuals with type 2 diabetes. Here, metabolomics analysis was performed on samples collected at baseline and 12 months using both untargeted MS and targeted 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Multivariable regression models were fitted to evaluate the effect of the intervention on metabolite levels. RESULTS Decreases in branched-chain amino acids, sugars and LDL triglycerides, and increases in sphingolipids, plasmalogens and metabolites related to fatty acid metabolism were associated with the intervention (Holm-corrected p<0.05). In individuals who lost more than 9 kg between baseline and 12 months, those who achieved diabetes remission saw greater reductions in glucose, fructose and mannose, compared with those who did not achieve remission. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We have characterised the metabolomic effects of an integrated weight management programme previously shown to deliver weight loss and diabetes remission. A large proportion of the metabolome appears to be modifiable. Patterns of change were largely and strikingly opposite to perturbances previously documented with the development of type 2 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The data used for analysis are available on a research data repository ( https://researchdata.gla.ac.uk/ ) with access given to researchers subject to appropriate data sharing agreements. Metabolite data preparation, data pre-processing, statistical analyses and figure generation were performed in R Studio v.1.0.143 using R v.4.0.2. The R code for this study has been made publicly available on GitHub at: https://github.com/lauracorbin/metabolomics_of_direct .
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Corbin
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - David A Hughes
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Caroline J Bull
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Emma E Vincent
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Translational Health Sciences, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Madeleine L Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Claudia-Martina Messow
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paul Welsh
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roy Taylor
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Dong J, Wang S, Mao J, Wang Z, Zhao S, Ren Q, Kang J, Ye J, Xu X, Zhu Y, Zhang Q. Preparation of Dihydromyricetin-Loaded Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System and Its Anti-Alcoholism Effect. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2296. [PMID: 37765265 PMCID: PMC10535266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraperitoneal injection of dihydromyricetin (DMY) has shown promising potential in the treatment of alcoholism. However, its therapeutic effect is limited due to its low solubility, poor stability, and high gut-liver first-pass metabolism, resulting in very low oral bioavailability. In this study, we developed a DMY-loaded self-emulsifying drug delivery system (DMY-SEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability and anti-alcoholism effect of DMY. DMY-SEDDS improved the oral absorption of DMY by facilitating lymphatic transport. The area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of DMY in the DMY-SEDDS group was 4.13-fold higher than in the DMY suspension group. Furthermore, treatment with DMY-SEDDS significantly enhanced the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver of mice (p < 0.05). Interestingly, DMY-SEDDS also increased ADH activity in the stomach of mice with alcoholism (p < 0.01), thereby enhancing ethanol metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and reducing ethanol absorption into the bloodstream. As a result, the blood alcohol concentration of mice with alcoholism was significantly decreased after DMY-SEDDS treatment (p < 0.01). In the acute alcoholism mice model, compared to saline treatment, DMY-SEDDS prolonged the onset of LORR (loss of righting reflex) (p < 0.05) and significantly shortened the duration of LORR (p < 0.01). Additionally, DMY-SEDDS treatment significantly reduced gastric injury in acute alcoholism mice. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the potential of DMY-SEDDS as a treatment in the treatment of alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxia Dong
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.D.); (S.W.)
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Shu Wang
- Department of Medicinal Natural Products, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (J.D.); (S.W.)
| | - Jiamin Mao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhidan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Shiying Zhao
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Qiao Ren
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Jialing Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; (Z.W.); (J.K.)
| | - Jing Ye
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yujin Zhu
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Quan Zhang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Structure-Specific Small Molecule Drugs Key Laboratory of Sichuan Provincial Universities, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China; (S.Z.); (Q.R.); (J.Y.); (X.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Development and Regeneration Key Lab of Sichuan Province, Department of Pathology, Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610500, China
- Chengdu Nature’s Grace Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China
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Sunanta P, Kontogiorgos V, Pankasemsuk T, Jantanasakulwong K, Rachtanapun P, Seesuriyachan P, Sommano SR. The nutritional value, bioactive availability and functional properties of garlic and its related products during processing. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1142784. [PMID: 37560057 PMCID: PMC10409574 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, a common culinary spice, is cultivated and used around the globe. Consumption of garlic and its supplements reduces the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease and boosts the immune system with antibacterial, antifungal, anti-aging, and anti-cancer properties. Diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, triallyl trisulfide, phenolics, flavonoids, and others are the most commercially recognized active ingredients in garlic and its products. In recent years, global demand for medicinal or functional garlic has surged, introducing several products such as garlic oil, aged garlic, black garlic, and inulin into the market. Garlic processing has been demonstrated to directly impact the availability of bioactive ingredients and the functionality of products. Depending on the anticipated functional qualities, it is also recommended that one or a combination of processing techniques be deemed desirable over the others. This work describes the steps involved in processing fresh garlic into products and their physicochemical alterations during processing. Their nutritional, phytochemical, and functional properties are also reviewed. Considering the high demand for functional food, this review has been compiled to provide guidance for food producers on the industrial utilization and suitability of garlic for new product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyachat Sunanta
- Multidisciplinary Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Vassilis Kontogiorgos
- Food, Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tanachai Pankasemsuk
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Phisit Seesuriyachan
- School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sarana Rose Sommano
- Plant Bioactive Compound Laboratory (BAC), Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Wüthrich C, De Figueiredo M, Burton-Pimentel KJ, Vergères G, Wahl F, Zenobi R, Giannoukos S. Breath response following a nutritional challenge monitored by secondary electrospray ionization high-resolution mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2022; 16. [PMID: 35961293 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ac894e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
On-line breath analysis using secondary electrospray ionization coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (SESI-HRMS) is a sensitive method for biomarker discovery. The strengths of this technology have already been demonstrated in the clinical environment. For the first time, this study demonstrates the application of SESI-HRMS in the field of nutritional science using a standardized nutritional intervention, consisting of a high-energy shake (950 kcal, 8% protein, 35% sugar and 57% fat). Eleven subjects underwent the intervention on three separate days and their exhaled breath was monitored up to six hours postprandially. In addition, sampling was performed during equivalent fasting conditions for selected subjects. To estimate the impact of inter- and intra-individual variability, analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was conducted, revealing that the inter-individual variability accounted for 30 % of the data variation. To distinguish the effect of the intervention from fasting conditions, partial least squares discriminant analysis was performed. Candidate compound annotation was performed with pathway analysis and collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. Pathway analysis highlighted, among others, features associated with the metabolism of linoleate, butanoate and amino sugars. Tentative compounds annotated through CID measurements include fatty acids, amino acids, and amino acid derivatives, some of them likely derived from nutrients by the gut microbiome (e.g. propanoate, indoles), as well as organic acids from the Krebs cycle. Time-series clustering showed an overlap of observed kinetic trends with those reported previously in blood plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Wüthrich
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, Zürich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
| | | | | | - Guy Vergères
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Fabian Wahl
- Agroscope, Schwarzenburgstrasse 161, Bern, Bern, 3003, SWITZERLAND
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, HCI E 325, CH - 8093, Zurich, Zurich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
| | - Stamatios Giannoukos
- ETH Zurich Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, Zurich, 8093, SWITZERLAND
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Deodorant Activity of Black Cumin Seed Essential Oil against Garlic Organosulfur Compound. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121874. [PMID: 34944518 PMCID: PMC8699612 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The deodorant activity of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed, a spice used to flavor curry and vegetable foods in Southwest Asia, against garlic (Allium sativum L.) organosulfur compounds related to human malodor was evaluated. Black cumin seed essential oil showed remarkable deodorant activity against garlic essential oil. The mode of action of this deodorant activity was presumed to be that black cumin seed essential oil covalently reacted with the organosulfur compounds in garlic. Therefore, thymoquinone, which is a major constituent in black cumin seed essential oil, and allyl mercaptan, which is one of the organosulfur compounds produced by cutting garlic, were reacted in vitro, and the products were purified and elucidated using spectroscopic data. As a result, these substances were identified as different allyl mercaptan adducts to dihydrothymoquinone. This chemical reaction was presumed to play a key role in the deodorant activity of black cumin seed essential oil.
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Malladi N, Johny E, Uppulapu SK, Tiwari V, Alam MJ, Adela R, Banerjee SK. Understanding the Activation of Platelets in Diabetes and Its Modulation by Allyl Methyl Sulfide, an Active Metabolite of Garlic. J Diabetes Res 2021; 2021:6404438. [PMID: 35127948 PMCID: PMC8808240 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6404438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder associated with higher risk of having cardiovascular disease. Platelets play a promising role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in diabetes. Since last several decades, garlic and its bioactive components are extensively studied in diabetes and its complications. Our aim was to explore the antiplatelet property of allyl methyl sulfide (AMS) focusing on ameliorating platelet activation in diabetes. METHOD We used streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic rats as model for type 1 diabetes. We have evaluated the effect of allyl methyl sulfide on platelet activation by administrating AMS to diabetic rats for 10 weeks. Flow cytometry-based analysis was used to evaluate the platelet activation, platelet aggregation, platelet macrophage interaction, and endogenous ROS generation in the platelets obtained from control, diabetes, and AMS- and aspirin-treated diabetic rats. RESULTS AMS treatment for 10 weeks effectively reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. Three weeks of AMS (50 mg/kg/day) treatment did not reduce the activation of platelets but a significant (p < 0.05) decrease was observed after 10 weeks of treatment. Oral administration of AMS significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the baseline and also reduced ADP-induced aggregation of platelets after 3 and 10 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, 10 weeks of AMS treatment in diabetic rats attenuated the endogenous ROS content (p < 0.05) of platelets and platelet macrophage interactions. The inhibition of platelet activation in diabetic rats after AMS treatment was comparable with aspirin treatment (30 mg/kg/day). CONCLUSION We observed an inhibitory effect of allyl methyl sulfide on platelet aggregation, platelet activation, platelet macrophage interaction, and increased ROS levels in type 1 diabetes. Our data suggests that AMS can be useful to control cardiovascular complication in diabetes via inhibition of platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navya Malladi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Ebin Johny
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Shravan K. Uppulapu
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Vikas Tiwari
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Md Jahangir Alam
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Ramu Adela
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
| | - Sanjay K. Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, 781101 Assam, India
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Ceccanti C, Rocchetti G, Lucini L, Giuberti G, Landi M, Biagiotti S, Guidi L. Comparative phytochemical profile of the elephant garlic (Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense) and the common garlic (Allium sativum) from the Val di Chiana area (Tuscany, Italy) before and after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2020; 338:128011. [PMID: 32950006 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to comparatively investigate the phytochemical profiles, focusing on the nutritional and phytochemical properties of common garlic (Allium sativum L.; CG) and elephant garlic (EG) (Allium ampeloprasum var. holmense) collected from the Val di Chiana area (Tuscany, Italy). The results showed a lower amount of fibers, demonstrating a higher digestibility of the bulb, and sulfur-containing compounds in EG rather than in CG. Untargeted metabolomic profiling followed by supervised and unsupervised statistics allowed understanding the differences in phytochemical composition among the two bulbs, both as raw bulbs, processed following the in vitro gastrointestinal digestion process. Typical sulfur-containing compounds, such as alliin and N-gamma-glutamyl-S-allyl cysteine, could notably be detected in lower amounts in EG. EG maintains a distinct phytochemical signature during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. Our findings support the distinct sensorial attributes of the bulbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ceccanti
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Rocchetti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Luigi Lucini
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Gianluca Giuberti
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
| | - Marco Landi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefano Biagiotti
- Telematic University Pegaso, Piazza Trieste e Trento, 48 -80132 Napoli, Italy
| | - Lucia Guidi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy; Interdepartmental Research Center Nutrafood "Nutraceuticals and Food for Health", University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
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Wasfi R, Hamed SM, Amer MA, Fahmy LI. Proteus mirabilis Biofilm: Development and Therapeutic Strategies. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:414. [PMID: 32923408 PMCID: PMC7456845 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteus mirabilis is a Gram negative bacterium that is a frequent cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). Its ability to cause such infections is mostly related to the formation of biofilms on catheter surfaces. In order to form biofilms, P. mirabilis expresses a number of virulence factors. Such factors may include adhesion proteins, quorum sensing molecules, lipopolysaccharides, efflux pumps, and urease enzyme. A unique feature of P. mirabilis biofilms that build up on catheter surfaces is their crystalline nature owing to their ureolytic biomineralization. This leads to catheter encrustation and blockage and, in most cases, is accompanied by urine retention and ascending UTIs. Bacteria embedded in crystalline biofilms become highly resistant to conventional antimicrobials as well as the immune system. Being refractory to antimicrobial treatment, alternative approaches for eradicating P. mirabilis biofilms have been sought by many studies. The current review focuses on the mechanism by which P. mirabilis biofilms are formed, and a state of the art update on preventing biofilm formation and reduction of mature biofilms. These treatment approaches include natural, and synthetic compounds targeting virulence factors and quorum sensing, beside other strategies that include carrier-mediated diffusion of antimicrobials into biofilm matrix. Bacteriophage therapy has also shown successful results in vitro for combating P. mirabilis biofilms either merely through their lytic effect or by acting as facilitators for antimicrobials diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Wasfi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Samira M Hamed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai A Amer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
| | - Lamiaa Ismail Fahmy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, Egypt
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9
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Pectin/PEG food grade hydrogel blend for the targeted oral co-delivery of nutrients. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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10
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Morales-González JA, Madrigal-Bujaidar E, Sánchez-Gutiérrez M, Izquierdo-Vega JA, Valadez-Vega MDC, Álvarez-González I, Morales-González Á, Madrigal-Santillán E. Garlic ( Allium sativum L.): A Brief Review of Its Antigenotoxic Effects. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080343. [PMID: 31412555 PMCID: PMC6722787 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional Medicine/Complementary and Alternative Medicine is a practice that incorporates medicine based on plants, animals, and minerals for diagnosing, treating, and preventing certain diseases, including chronic degenerative diseases such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Different factors generate its continued acceptance, highlighting its diversity, easy access, low cost, and the presence of relatively few adverse effects and, importantly, a high possibility of discovering antigenotoxic agents. In this regard, it is known that the use of different antigenotoxic agents is an efficient alternative to preventing human cancer and that, in general, these can act by means of a combination of various mechanisms of action and against one or various mutagens and/or carcinogens. Therefore, it is relevant to confirm its usefulness, efficacy, and its spectrum of action through different assays. With this in mind, the present manuscript has as its objective the compilation of different investigations carried out with garlic that have demonstrated its genoprotective capacity, and that have been evaluated by means of five of the most outstanding tests (Ames test, sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations, micronucleus, and comet assay). Thus, we intend to provide information and bibliographic support to investigators in order for them to broaden their studies on the antigenotoxic spectrum of action of this perennial plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Bujaidar
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Gutiérrez
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Jeannett A Izquierdo-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - María Del Carmen Valadez-Vega
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Mexico
| | - Isela Álvarez-González
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Wilfrido Massieu. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Ángel Morales-González
- Escuela Superior de Cómputo, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Profesional A. López Mateos". Av. Juan de Dios Bátiz. Col., Lindavista, Ciudad de México 07738, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Madrigal-Santillán
- Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, "Unidad Casco de Santo Tomas", Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón s/n, Ciudad de México 11340, Mexico.
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11
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Castada HZ, Barringer SA. Online, real‐time, and direct use of SIFT‐MS to measure garlic breath deodorization: a review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hardy Z. Castada
- Department of Food Science & Technology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
| | - Sheryl Ann Barringer
- Department of Food Science & Technology The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio USA
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12
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Picó C, Serra F, Rodríguez AM, Keijer J, Palou A. Biomarkers of Nutrition and Health: New Tools for New Approaches. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1092. [PMID: 31100942 PMCID: PMC6567133 DOI: 10.3390/nu11051092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A main challenge in nutritional studies is the valid and reliable assessment of food intake, as well as its effects on the body. Generally, food intake measurement is based on self-reported dietary intake questionnaires, which have inherent limitations. They can be overcome by the use of biomarkers, capable of objectively assessing food consumption without the bias of self-reported dietary assessment. Another major goal is to determine the biological effects of foods and their impact on health. Systems analysis of dynamic responses may help to identify biomarkers indicative of intake and effects on the body at the same time, possibly in relation to individuals' health/disease states. Such biomarkers could be used to quantify intake and validate intake questionnaires, analyse physiological or pathological responses to certain food components or diets, identify persons with specific dietary deficiency, provide information on inter-individual variations or help to formulate personalized dietary recommendations to achieve optimal health for particular phenotypes, currently referred as "precision nutrition." In this regard, holistic approaches using global analysis methods (omics approaches), capable of gathering high amounts of data, appear to be very useful to identify new biomarkers and to enhance our understanding of the role of food in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Picó
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Francisca Serra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Ana María Rodríguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, PO Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Andreu Palou
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Nutrition and Biotechnology (Group of Nutrigenomics and Obesity), CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), University of the Balearic Islands, ES-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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Praticò G, Gao Q, Manach C, Dragsted LO. Biomarkers of food intake for Allium vegetables. GENES & NUTRITION 2018; 13:34. [PMID: 30607216 PMCID: PMC6309086 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0624-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Allium vegetables are widely consumed around the world and are known for their potential bioactive components improving human health. These effects have been extensively investigated; however, the results were inconsistent in human studies. Biomarkers of food intake (BFIs) could provide objective measurements of food intake in observational studies and assess compliance in intervention studies. Therefore, the discovery and application of BFIs for Allium vegetables would facilitate the exploring and understanding of the health benefit of Allium vegetables. In this manuscript, we reviewed the currently used and potential candidate BFIs for Allium vegetables and evaluated their levels of validation. S-Allylmercapturic acid (ALMA), allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl sulfoxide (AMSO), allyl methyl sulfone (AMSO2), and S-allylcysteine (SAC), which are derived from organosulfur compounds, were shown to be promising candidate BFIs for garlic consumption. Further validation is needed to assess their robustness and concordance with other measures. Their applicability for the whole food group should be evaluated as well. N-Acetyl-S-(2-carboxypropyl)cysteine (CPMA) was detected in high levels in urine after both garlic and onion intake, suggesting that it may be used for the assessment of intake of Allium food group. The available information regarding its kinetics, robustness, and analytical performance is limited and needs to be assessed in further studies. No candidate BFIs specific to intake of onion, leek, chives, shallots, or ramsons were found. Untargeted metabolomics studies and further validation studies should be performed to discover more reliable BFIs for individual Allium vegetables and the whole food group. This paper serves as an example of Biomarker of Food Intake Reviews (BFIRev) and biomarker of food intake validation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Praticò
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qian Gao
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claudine Manach
- INRA, Human Nutrition Unit, Université Clermont Auvergne, F63000 INRA, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lars O. Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Development of Pectin-Type B Gelatin Polyelectrolyte Complex for Curcumin Delivery in Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113625. [PMID: 30453614 PMCID: PMC6274754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin has been proven to be a potent agent in colon cancer treatment. However, its hydrophobicity and low oral bioavailability hampered its clinical application. These limitations could be improved through appropriate formulations such as using polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). PECs were self-assembled with polycations and polyanions in polar solvents. In this study, a novel pectin-type B gelatin PEC was developed for use in curcumin formulation. At pH 4.0, natural polyanions pectin and polycations type B gelatin spontaneously formed PECs in ethanol/water solution, whereas under mimetic gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) conditions, at pH 2.0 and 8.0, pectin and type B gelatin were electrically neutralized, and the PECs swelled to allow payload release. After being transferred to pH 7.0 condition, as in the colon environment, PECs were internalized into colon carcinomas. Thus, pectin-type B gelatin PECs were successfully prepared, and their constituent ratio and drug-loading process were also optimized. The optimum particle size of the PECs was 264.0 ± 3.1 nm and they could swell as the zeta potential was altered at either pH 2.0 or 8.0. The optimum drug content and loading efficiency were 40% and 53%, respectively. At pH 2.0, curcumin was rapidly released from curcumin-loaded PECs, whereas at pH 8.0, curcumin-loaded PECs showed a sustained-release of curcumin. The bare PECs showed very low toxicity toward human normal cells, whereas curcumin-loaded PECs, after incubation at pH 2.0 for 2 h and at pH 8.0 for 4 h, induced cell cycle arrest and exhibited cytotoxic effect to HCT116 human colon cancer cells, even though these loaded PECs were pretreated with mimetic GI tract conditions. Our pectin-type B gelatin PECs were shown to be a promising oral formulation for curcumin delivery in anticancer therapy.
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15
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16
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Rose P, Moore PK, Zhu YZ. Garlic and Gaseous Mediators. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2018; 39:624-634. [PMID: 29706261 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) and allied plant species are rich sources of sulfur compounds. Major roles for garlic and its sulfur constituents include the regulation of vascular homeostasis and the control of metabolic systems linked to nutrient metabolism. Recent studies have indicated that some of these sulfur compounds, such as diallyl trisulfide (DATS), alter the levels of gaseous signalling molecules including nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and perhaps carbon monoxide (CO) in mammalian tissues. These gases are important in cellular processes associated with the cardiovascular system, inflammation, and neurological functions. Importantly, these studies build on the known biological effects of garlic and associated sulfur constituents. This review highlights our current understanding of the health benefits attributed to edible plants like garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rose
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK; School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau.
| | - Philip Keith Moore
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Yi-Zhun Zhu
- School of Pharmacy and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau
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17
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Rescigno T, Tecce MF, Capasso A. Protective and Restorative Effects of Nutrients and Phytochemicals. Open Biochem J 2018; 12:46-64. [PMID: 29760813 PMCID: PMC5906970 DOI: 10.2174/1874091x01812010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intoroduction: Dietary intake fundamentally provides reintegration of energy and essential nutrients to human organisms. However, its qualitative and quantitative composition strongly affects individual’s health, possibly being either a preventive or a risk factor. It was shown that nutritional status resulting from long-term exposition to specific diet formulations can outstandingly reduce incidences of most common and most important diseases of the developed world, such as cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. Diet formulations result from different food combinations which bring specific nutrient molecules. Numerous molecules, mostly but not exclusively from vegetal foods, have been characterized among nutritional components as being particularly responsible for diet capabilities to exert risk reduction. These “bioactive nutrients” are able to produce effects which go beyond basic reintegration tasks, i.e. energetic and/or structural, but are specifically pharmacologically active within pathophysiological pathways related to many diseases, being able to selectively affect processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, differentiation, angiogenesis, DNA repair and carcinogens activation. Conclusion: The present review was aimed to know the molecular mechanisms and pathways of activity of bioactive molecules; which will firstly allow search for optimal food composition and intake, and then use them as possible therapeutical targets and/or diagnostics. Also, the present review discussed the therapeutic effect of both nutrients and phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Rescigno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Mario F Tecce
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Anna Capasso
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano (SA), Italy
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18
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Fowler SJ. Breath analysis for label-free characterisation of airways disease. Eur Respir J 2018; 51:51/1/1702586. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02586-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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19
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Liu Y, Li A, Jiang X, Zhu X, Feng X, Sun X, Zhao Z. Metabolism and pharmacokinetics studies of allyl methyl disulfide in rats. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:90-97. [DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1419309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Ang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiaoyan Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China,
| | - Xiaosong Zhu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiuli Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Xiao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
| | - Zhongxi Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China,
- Shandong Engineering & Technology Research Center for Jujube Food and Drug, Jinan, Shandong, China, and
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mucosal and Transdermal Drug Delivery Technologies, Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
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20
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Herraiz T, Galisteo J. Nitrosative deamination of 2'-deoxyguanosine and DNA by nitrite, and antinitrosating activity of β-carboline alkaloids and antioxidants. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 112:282-289. [PMID: 29277703 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous and dietary nitrite produces reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that react with DNA causing mutations. The nitrosation of 2'-deoxyguanosine (dGuo) and DNA with nitrite was studied under different conditions, and the reaction and degradation products identified and analysed by HPLC-DAD-MS. Nitrosative deamination of dGuo produced xanthine along with 2'-deoxyxanthosine whereas DNA afforded xanthine. Formation of xanthine increased with nitrite concentration and in low pH such as that of stomach. Xanthine was measured as a marker of nitrosation of dGuo and DNA, and it was subsequently used to study the antinitrosating activity of β-carboline alkaloids, and selected antioxidants. Food-occurring tetrahydro-β-carbolines (THβCs) decreased nitrosative deamination of dGuo and DNA under conditions simulating the stomach. Antinitrosating activity was also evidenced for flavonoids (catechin, quercetin) and indole (melatonin) antioxidants. Among THβCs the most active antinitrosating compounds were 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acids (THβC-3-COOHs) that reacted with nitrite to give N-nitroso derivatives as main products along with 3,4-dihydro-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acids and aromatic β-carbolines (norharman and harman). Antinitrosating activity of THβCs correlated well with the formation of N-nitroso-THβC-3-COOHs. These N-nitroso derivatives were stable at pH 7 but degraded in acid conditions affording nitrosating species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Herraiz
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Galisteo
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos y Nutrición (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Petropoulos S, Di Gioia F, Ntatsi G. Vegetable Organosulfur Compounds and their Health Promoting Effects. Curr Pharm Des 2017; 23:2850-2875. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612823666170111100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Petropoulos
- University of Thessaly, School of Agricultural Sciences, Fytokou Street, 38446, N. Ionia, Magnissia, Greece
| | - Francesco Di Gioia
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, South West Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Immokalee, Florida
| | - Georgia Ntatsi
- Faculty of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Zhou W, Zou X, Lu Y, Xia L, Huang C, Shen C, Chen X, Chu Y. Characterization of Volatiles in Garlic and in Exhaled Breath after Garlic Ingestion by On-line Atmospheric Pressure Photoionization Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.23.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenzhao Zhou
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- University of Science and Technology of China
| | - Xue Zou
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Yan Lu
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Lei Xia
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Chaoqun Huang
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Chengyin Shen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
| | - Yannan Chu
- Center of Medical Physics and Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Science
- AnHui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology
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23
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Scheffler L, Sauermann Y, Heinlein A, Sharapa C, Buettner A. Detection of Volatile Metabolites Derived from Garlic (Allium sativum) in Human Urine. Metabolites 2016; 6:E43. [PMID: 27916960 PMCID: PMC5192449 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6040043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolism and excretion of flavor constituents of garlic, a common plant used in flavoring foods and attributed with several health benefits, in humans is not fully understood. Likewise, the physiologically active principles of garlic have not been fully clarified to date. It is possible that not only the parent compounds present in garlic but also its metabolites are responsible for the specific physiological properties of garlic, including its influence on the characteristic body odor signature of humans after garlic consumption. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate potential garlic-derived metabolites in human urine. To this aim, 14 sets of urine samples were obtained from 12 volunteers, whereby each set comprised one sample that was collected prior to consumption of food-relevant concentrations of garlic, followed by five to eight subsequent samples after garlic consumption that covered a time interval of up to 26 h. The samples were analyzed chemo-analytically using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O), as well as sensorially by a trained human panel. The analyses revealed three different garlic-derived metabolites in urine, namely allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl sulfoxide (AMSO) and allyl methyl sulfone (AMSO₂), confirming our previous findings on human milk metabolite composition. The excretion rates of these metabolites into urine were strongly time-dependent with distinct inter-individual differences. These findings indicate that the volatile odorant fraction of garlic is heavily biotransformed in humans, opening up a window into substance circulation within the human body with potential wider ramifications in view of physiological effects of this aromatic plant that is appreciated by humans in their daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Scheffler
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Yvonne Sauermann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Anja Heinlein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Constanze Sharapa
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Andrea Buettner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Emil Fischer Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Henkestr. 9, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging (IVV), Giggenhauser Str. 35, 85354 Freising, Germany.
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Detection of Volatile Metabolites of Garlic in Human Breast Milk. Metabolites 2016; 6:metabo6020018. [PMID: 27275838 PMCID: PMC4931549 DOI: 10.3390/metabo6020018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The odor of human breast milk after ingestion of raw garlic at food-relevant concentrations by breastfeeding mothers was investigated for the first time chemo-analytically using gas chromatography−mass spectrometry/olfactometry (GC-MS/O), as well as sensorially using a trained human sensory panel. Sensory evaluation revealed a clear garlic/cabbage-like odor that appeared in breast milk about 2.5 h after consumption of garlic. GC-MS/O analyses confirmed the occurrence of garlic-derived metabolites in breast milk, namely allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), allyl methyl sulfoxide (AMSO) and allyl methyl sulfone (AMSO2). Of these, only AMS had a garlic-like odor whereas the other two metabolites were odorless. This demonstrates that the odor change in human milk is not related to a direct transfer of garlic odorants, as is currently believed, but rather derives from a single metabolite. The formation of these metabolites is not fully understood, but AMSO and AMSO2 are most likely formed by the oxidation of AMS in the human body. The excretion rates of these metabolites into breast milk were strongly time-dependent with large inter-individual differences.
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25
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Maharjan S, Sakai Y, Hoseki J. Screening of dietary antioxidants against mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress by visualization of intracellular redox state. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 80:726-34. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2015.1123607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Mitochondrial impairment and the resulting generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been associated with aging and its related pathological conditions. Recently, dietary antioxidants have gained significant attention as potential preventive and therapeutic agents against ROS-generated aging and pathological conditions. We previously demonstrated that food-derived antioxidants prevented intracellular oxidative stress under proteasome inhibition conditions, which was attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS generation, followed by cell death. Here, we further screened dietary antioxidants for their activity as redox modulators by visualization of the redox state using Redoxfluor, a fluorescent protein redox probe. Direct alleviation of ROS by antioxidants, but not induction of antioxidative enzymes, prevented mitochondria-mediated intracellular oxidation. The effective antioxidants scavenged mitochondrial ROS and suppressed cell death. Our study indicates that redox visualization under mitochondria-mediated oxidative stress is useful for screening potential antioxidants to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction, which has been implicated in aging and the pathogenesis of aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunita Maharjan
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuyoshi Sakai
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Hoseki
- Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, The Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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26
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Ranjbar-Omid M, Arzanlou M, Amani M, Shokri Al-Hashem SK, Amir Mozafari N, Peeri Doghaheh H. Allicin from garlic inhibits the biofilm formation and urease activity of Proteus mirabilis in vitro. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2015; 362:fnv049. [PMID: 25837813 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnv049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Several virulence factors contribute to the pathogenesis of Proteus mirabilis. This study determined the inhibitory effects of allicin on urease, hemolysin and biofilm of P. mirabilis ATCC 12453 and its antimicrobial activity against 20 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis. Allicin did not inhibit hemolysin, whereas it did inhibit relative urease activity in both pre-lysed (half-maximum inhibitory concentration, IC50 = 4.15 μg) and intact cells (IC50 = 21 μg) in a concentration-dependent manner. Allicin at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (2-32 μg mL(-1)) showed no significant effects on the growth of the bacteria (P > 0.05), but it reduced biofilm development in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.001). A higher concentration of allicin was needed to inhibit the established biofilms. Using the microdilution technique, the MIC90 and MBC90 values of allicin against P. mirabilis isolates were determined to be 128 and 512 μg mL(-1), respectively. The results suggest that allicin could have clinical applications in controlling P. mirabilis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Ranjbar-Omid
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Ardabil Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil 56157, Iran
| | - Mohsen Arzanlou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Amani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189, Iran
| | | | - Nour Amir Mozafari
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 14496, Iran
| | - Hadi Peeri Doghaheh
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil 56189, Iran
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Schäfer G, Kaschula CH. The immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic organosulfur compounds in cancer chemoprevention. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2014; 14:233-40. [PMID: 24237225 PMCID: PMC3915757 DOI: 10.2174/18715206113136660370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Garlic (Allium sativum) has been used for centuries as a prophylactic and therapeutic medicinal agent. Importantly, garlic has been suggested to have both cancer-preventive potential as well as significant enhancing effects on the immune system. While these observations are supported experimentally both in vitro and in vivo, the impact of garlic in assisting the immune system in the prevention of cancer still lacks experimental confirmation. Studies addressing the immunomodulatory effects of garlic reveal conflicting data as to pro- or anti-inflammatory responses depending on the particular experimental set-ups and the garlic preparation used (i.e. garlic extract versus chemically pure garlic compounds). Here we provide an overview of the chemistry of the major garlic organosulfur compounds, summarize the current understanding and propose a link between the immunomodulating activity of garlic and the prevention of cancer. We hypothesize that garlic rather elicits anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative responses that aid in priming the organism towards eradication of an emerging tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine H Kaschula
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa.
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Lee S, In Chang N, Yoo M, Hoon Choi J, Shin D. Development and Validation of S-Allyl-L-Cysteine in Rat Plasma Using a Mixed-Mode Reversed-Phase and Cation-Exchange LC-ESI-MS/MS Method: Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies. J Chromatogr Sci 2014; 53:54-9. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmu013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Munch R, Barringer SA. Deodorization of Garlic Breath Volatiles by Food and Food Components. J Food Sci 2014; 79:C526-33. [DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Munch
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; The Ohio State Univ; 2015 Fyffe Rd Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Sheryl A. Barringer
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology; The Ohio State Univ; 2015 Fyffe Rd Columbus OH 43210 USA
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Effects of dietary nutrients on volatile breath metabolites. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e34. [PMID: 25191584 PMCID: PMC4153095 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breath analysis is becoming increasingly established as a means of assessing metabolic,
biochemical and physiological function in health and disease. The methods available for
these analyses exploit a variety of complex physicochemical principles, but are becoming
more easily utilised in the clinical setting. Whilst some of the factors accounting for
the biological variation in breath metabolite concentrations have been clarified, there
has been relatively little work on the dietary factors that may influence them. In
applying breath analysis to the clinical setting, it will be important to consider how
these factors may affect the interpretation of endogenous breath composition. Diet may
have complex effects on the generation of breath compounds. These effects may either be
due to a direct impact on metabolism, or because they alter the gastrointestinal flora.
Bacteria are a major source of compounds in breath, and their generation of H2,
hydrogen cyanide, aldehydes and alkanes may be an indicator of the health of their
host.
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Heidari R, Babaei H, Eghbal MA. Cytoprotective Effects of Organosulfur Compounds against Methimazole Induced Toxicity in Isolated Rat Hepatocytes. Adv Pharm Bull 2013; 3:135-42. [PMID: 24312826 DOI: 10.5681/apb.2013.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Methimazole is a drug widely used in hyperthyroidism. However, life threatening hepatotoxicity has been associated with its clinical use. No protective agent has been found to be effective against methimazole induced hepatotoxicity yet. Hence, the capacity of organosulfur compounds to protect rat hepatocytes against cytotoxic effects of methimazole and its proposed toxic metabolite, N-methylthiourea was evaluated. METHODS Hepatocytes were prepared by the method of collagenase enzyme perfusion via portal vein. Cells were treated with different concentrations of methimazole, N methylthiourea, and organosulfur chemicals. Cell death, protein carbonylation, reactive oxygen species formation, lipid peroxidation, and mitochondrial depolarization were assessed as toxicity markers and the role of organosulfurs administration on them was investigated. RESULTS Methimazole caused a decrease in cellular glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) collapse, and protein carbonylation. In addition, an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and lipid peroxidation was observed. Treating hepatocytes with N methylthiourea caused a reduction in hepatocytes glutathione reservoirs and an elevation in carbonylated proteins, but no significant ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, or mitochondrial depolarization was observed. N-acetyl cysteine, allylmercaptan, and diallyldisulfide attenuated cell death and prevented ROS formation and lipid peroxidation caused by methimazole. Furthermore, organosulfur compounds diminished methimazole induced mitochondrial damage and reduced the carbonylated proteins. In addition, these chemicals showed protective effects against cell death and protein carbonylation induced by methimazole metabolite. CONCLUSION Organosulfur chemicals extend their protective effects against methimazole-induced toxicity by attenuating oxidative stress caused by this drug and preventing the adverse effects of methimazole and/or its metabolite (s) on subcellular components such as mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Heidari
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and toxicology department, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. ; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran ; Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and toxicology department, Tabriz university of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Zeng T, Zhang CL, Zhao XL, Xie KQ. The Roles of Garlic on the Lipid Parameters: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:215-30. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.523148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 08, Revision 5 (FGE.08Rev5): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono‐, di‐, tri‐, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Bae SE, Cho SY, Won YD, Lee SH, Park HJ. A comparative study of the different analytical methods for analysis of S-allyl cysteine in black garlic by HPLC. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2011.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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35
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 08, Revision 4 (FGE.08Rev4): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30. EFSA J 2012. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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36
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Scientific Opinion on Flavouring Group Evaluation 8, Revision 3 (FGE.08Rev3): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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37
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Hansanugrum A, Barringer SA. Effect of milk on the deodorization of malodorous breath after garlic ingestion. J Food Sci 2011; 75:C549-58. [PMID: 20722910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of milk and milk components on the deodorization of diallyl disulfide (DADS), allyl methyl disulfide (AMDS), allyl mercaptan (AM), allyl methyl sulfide (AMS), and methyl mercaptan (MM) in the headspace of garlic as well as in the mouth- and nose-space after garlic ingestion was investigated using selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). Fat-free and whole milk significantly reduced the head-, mouth-, and nose-space concentrations of all volatiles. Water was the major component in milk responsible for the deodorization of volatiles. Due to its higher fat content, whole milk was more effective than fat-free milk in the deodorization of the more hydrophobic volatiles diallyl disulfide and allyl methyl disulfide. Milk was more effective than water and 10% sodium caseinate in the deodorization of allyl methyl sulfide, a persistent garlic odor, in the mouth after garlic ingestion. Addition of milk to garlic before ingestion had a higher deodorizing effect on the volatiles in the mouth than drinking milk after consuming garlic. Practical Application: Ingesting beverages or foods with high water and/or fat content such as milk may help reduce the malodorous odor in breath after garlic ingestion and mask the garlic flavor during eating. To enhance the deodorizing effect, deodorant foods should be mixed with garlic before ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areerat Hansanugrum
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Snel J, Burgering M, Smit B, Noordman W, Tangerman A, Winkel EG, Kleerebezem M. Volatile sulphur compounds in morning breath of human volunteers. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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39
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 08 Rev2 (FGE.08 Rev2): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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40
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Flavouring Group Evaluation 8, Revision 1 (FGE.08Rev1): Aliphatic and alicyclic mono-, di-, tri-, and polysulphides with or without additional oxygenated functional groups from chemical groups 20 and 30. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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41
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Allyl sulfur compounds and cellular detoxification system: effects and perspectives in cancer therapy. Amino Acids 2010; 41:103-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0522-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Berginc K, Žakelj S, Kristl A. In vitro interactions between aged garlic extract and drugs used for the treatment of cardiovascular and diabetic patients. Eur J Nutr 2010; 49:373-84. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-010-0095-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ejaz S, Chekarova I, Cho JW, Lee SY, Ashraf S, Lim CW. Effect of aged garlic extract on wound healing: a new frontier in wound management. Drug Chem Toxicol 2009; 32:191-203. [PMID: 19538015 DOI: 10.1080/01480540902862236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Successful wound healing depends upon angiogenesis, and impaired angiogenesis is a hallmark of the chronic wounds encountered with diabetes and venous or arterial insufficiency. To intervene and improve wound closure, it is essential to investigate the effects of different natural remedies in wound healing. The chicken dorsum skin excisional wound assay was used to investigate the influence of different concentrations of aged garlic solution (AGS) on wound healing. Gross, histopathology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and computer-based three-dimensional (3D) image-probing techniques were utilized to determine the effects of AGS on wound closure, re-epithelialization, dermal matrix regeneration, and angiogenesis. Ninety chicks, aged 1 week and divided in 6 groups, were topically exposed to different concentrations of AGS for 6 days: control (group A), 1% (group B), 5% (group C), 10% (group D), 15% (group E), and skin lotion (group F). Different patterns, ranging from incomplete to almost complete wound closure, were observed among different groups with highly significant results (P < 0.001) in group E. Histological investigations revealed a positive augment in the re-epithelialization of all AGS exposed wounds. An increase in the number of new loosely packed collagen and maturation of collagen bundles was observed in all treated wounds at days 4 and 6 post-wounding, respectively. Similar results were achieved through SEM of treated wounds. Histological investigations revealed the profuse dose-dependent neovascularization among AGS-treated wounds. Abbott curve, angular spectrum, and different parameters of 3D surface roughness of wounds were also measured for the precise quantification of angiogenesis. A very highly significant (P < 0.001) increase in angiogenesis was observed among all treated groups. No significant change was observed among control and skin lotion-treated groups. These observations substantiate the beneficial use of AGS in the treatment of wounds. Additional studies are needed to study the specific wound-healing mechanisms of chemical, or group of chemicals, present in AGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Neurology Unit, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Chauhan NB. Anti-Amyloidogenic Effect of Allium sativum in Alzheimer's Transgenic Model Tg2576. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/j157v03n01_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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46
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Budoff MJ, Ahmadi N, Gul KM, Liu ST, Flores FR, Tiano J, Takasu J, Miller E, Tsimikas S. Aged garlic extract supplemented with B vitamins, folic acid and L-arginine retards the progression of subclinical atherosclerosis: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med 2009; 49:101-7. [PMID: 19573556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2009] [Revised: 06/14/2009] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies demonstrated that aged garlic extract reduces multiple cardiovascular risk factors. This study was designed to assess whether aged garlic extract therapy with supplements (AGE+S) favorably affects inflammatory and oxidation biomarkers, vascular function and progression of atherosclerosis as compared to placebo. METHODS In this placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial (conducted 2005-2007), 65 intermediate risk patients (age 60+/-9 years, 79% male) were treated with a placebo capsule or a capsule containing aged garlic extract (250 mg) plus Vitamin B12 (100 microg), folic acid (300 microg), Vitamin B6 (12.5 mg) and l-arginine (100 mg) given daily for a 1 year. All patients underwent coronary artery calcium scanning (CAC), temperature rebound (TR) as an index of vascular reactivity using Digital Thermal Monitoring (DTM), and measurement of lipid profile, autoantibodies to malondialdehyde (MDA)-LDL, apoB-immune complexes, oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) on apolipoprotein B-100 (OxPL/apoB), lipoprotein (a) [Lp (a)], C-reactive protein (CRP), homocysteine were measured at baseline and 12 months. CAC progression was defined as an increase in CAC>15% per year and an increase in TR above baseline was considered a favorable response. RESULTS At 1 year, CAC progression was significantly lower and TR significantly higher in the AGE+S compared to the placebo group after adjustment of cardiovascular risk factors (p<0.05). Total cholesterol, LDL-C, homocysteine, IgG and IgM autoantibodies to MDA-LDL and apoB-immune complexes were decreased, whereas HDL, OxPL/apoB, and Lp (a) were significantly increased in AGE+S to placebo. CONCLUSION AGE+S is associated with a favorable improvement in oxidative biomarkers, vascular function, and reduced progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA.
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Ambati S, Yang JY, Rayalam S, Park HJ, Della-Fera MA, Baile CA. Ajoene exerts potent effects in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by inhibiting adipogenesis and inducing apoptosis. Phytother Res 2009; 23:513-8. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Application (Reference EFSA‐GMO‐NL‐2008‐51) for the placing on the market of glyphosate tolerant genetically modified cotton GHB614, for food and feed uses, import and processing under Regulation (EC) No 1829/2003 from Bayer CropScience. EFSA J 2009. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2009.985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Allicin enhances the oxidative damage effect of amphotericin B against Candida albicans. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009; 33:258-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 09/03/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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50
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Sun X, Guo T, He J, Zhao M, Yan M, Cui F, Deng Y. Determination of the concentration of diallyl trisulfide in rat whole blood using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection and identification of its major metabolite with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2006; 126:521-7. [PMID: 16819275 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.126.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A simple, rapid, and sensitive procedure has been developed using gas chromatography with electron-capture detection to measure diallyl trisulfide levels in rat blood. Blood samples were acidified, and the analyte was extracted with hexane, and then degradation was stopped with acetonitrile before gas chromatographic separation. Two calibration curves were linear over the range of 10-500 ng/ml and 0.2-20 microg/ml, with typical r values of 0.9986 and 0.9993, respectively. The structure of its major metabolite was confirmed using combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The limit of detection was less than 10 ng/ml, and the assay was highly reproducible, giving peaks with excellent chromatographic properties. The method is suitable for pharmacokinetic and therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Sun
- General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, China
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