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Fan M, Yan Y, Al-Ansi W, Qian H, Li Y, Rao Z, Wang L. Germination-induced changes in anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins: A pathway to boost bioactive compounds in red rice. Food Chem 2024; 433:137283. [PMID: 37657161 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the specific changes in the anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins content of red rice during germination. Different methods including chemical detection, UPLC-QToF/MS, and metabolite analysis were used to examine these changes. The findings showed a significant increase in the overall levels of polyphenols and pigments in red rice as the germination period advanced. Specifically, the proanthocyanidins being the predominant pigments showed a significant increase during later stages of germination. Whereas, the anthocyanin levels reached their peak after 12 h of germination and subsequently declined. Furthermore, six anthocyanins and three proanthocyanidins were identified among the pigment constituents. Additionally, several significant precursor substances associated with pigments were identified, and their contents showed a significant increase, indicating that the proanthocyanidin synthesis pathway is activated by germination. These dynamic changes suggest that germination effectively stimulated the synthesis and accumulation of both anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, thereby improving the nutritional value of red rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingcong Fan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yixuan Yan
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Waleed Al-Ansi
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhiming Rao
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.
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2
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Li X, Du Y, Zhang C, Wang L. Black rice regulates lipid metabolism, liver injury, oxidative stress and adipose accumulation in high-fat/cholesterol diet mice based on gut microbiota and untargeted metabonomics. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109320. [PMID: 36948432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Black rice displays a series of properties including regulating lipid metabolism and attenuating liver injury. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of Zixiangnuo black rice (ZG), peeled rice (ZPG), rice bran (ZBG) on lipid metabolism, liver inflammation, gut microbiota and metabolite profiles in high-fat/cholesterol (HFCD) diet mice. A total of 5 treatment groups were fed a normal control diet or a HFCD with or without HB supplementation for 10 weeks. The results showed that ZBG significantly improved lipid parameters, liver function and injury and blood glucose indexes related to hyperlipidemia compared with HFCD group. ZBG recovered the disorder of gut microbiota by increasing Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and Lactobacillus abundance, and decreasing Proteobacteria abundance. ZBG enhanced the levels of 6 short chain fatty acids. Fecal metabolomics analysis showed that the important differential metabolites between ZBG and HFCD group were Deoxycholic acid and Myclobutanil, and metabolic pathways were Arachidonic acid metabolism and ABC transporters. Results suggested that BR or bran were effective dietary candidates to ameliorate hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food, Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122,China
| | - Yan Du
- Qinghai Huashi Technology Investment Management Co., Ltd. (Qinghai Engineering Technology Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Highland Barley Resources), Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Chengping Zhang
- Qinghai Huashi Technology Investment Management Co., Ltd. (Qinghai Engineering Technology Research Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Highland Barley Resources), Xining, Qinghai 810016, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food, Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122,China; Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing, Jiangnan University, Lihu Road 1800, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Wongwaiwech D, Kamchonemenukool S, Ho CT, Li S, Majai N, Rungrat T, Sujipuli K, Pan MH, Weerawatanakorn M. Bioactives from Crude Rice Bran Oils Extracted Using Green Technology. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062457. [PMID: 36985429 PMCID: PMC10057060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crude rice bran oils from different rice cultivars and extraction methods bear different contents of nutraceuticals. The health benefits of lowering cholesterol activity of rice bran oil being confirmed by many reports are partly attributed to non-nutrient nutraceuticals, especially γ-oryzanol, phytosterols, and policosanols. As the world has been facing the global warming crisis, green extraction technology is gaining attention from many sectors. The current study aims to compare the nutraceutical composition with respect to γ-oryzanol, phytosterol, and policosanol content as well as the antioxidant properties of crude rice bran oils extracted from white and red rice bran using three green technologies, comparing with conventional hexane extraction. The data show that the traditional solvent extraction gave the highest oil yield percentage (26%), but it was not significantly different from subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction (24.6%). Subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction gave higher oil yield than supercritical CO2 extraction (15.5–16.2%). The crude rice bran oil extracted using subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction produced the highest total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The highest γ-oryzanol content of the crude rice bran oil was found in oil extracted by conventional cold press (1370.43 mg/100 g). The γ-oryzanol content of the oil obtained via subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction was high (1213.64 mg/100 g) compared with supercritical CO2 extraction. The red rice bran yielded the crude rice bran oil with the highest total phytosterol content compared with the white bran, and the oil from red rice bran extracted with subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether generated the highest total phytosterol content (1784.17 mg/100 g). The highest policosanol content (274.40 mg/100 g) was also found in oil obtained via subcritical liquefied dimethyl ether extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donporn Wongwaiwech
- Department of Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Lanna Tak, 41/1 Moo 7, Mai Ngam, Mueang, Tak 63000, Thailand
| | - Sudthida Kamchonemenukool
- Department of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, College of Life Sciences, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China
| | - Nutthaporn Majai
- Department of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Tepsuda Rungrat
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Kawee Sujipuli
- Department of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No.1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Monthana Weerawatanakorn
- Department of Agro-Industry, Naresuan University, 99 Moo 9, Tha Pho, Mueang, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-0629514194
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4
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Mo Q, You S, Fu H, Wang D, Zhang J, Wang C, Li M. Purification and Identification of Antioxidant Peptides from Rice Fermentation of Lactobacillus plantarum and Their Protective Effects on UVA-Induced Oxidative Stress in Skin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122333. [PMID: 36552541 PMCID: PMC9774751 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important factor on both aging and disease. Among foods endowed with beneficial healthy properties, rice is a very useful material, not only because it has a good amino acid ratio and produces antioxidant peptides through microbial fermentation, but also for its inexpensive availability. In this study, rice was treated with Lactobacillus plantarum, and the resulting mixture of small peptides with less than 11 amino acids (RFP) was extracted and purified from the fermentation broth. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of RFP was assessed using the chemical model, cell biology, and animal model methods. RFP enhanced the expression of the antioxidant enzyme genes downstream of the KEAP1-NRF2/ARE pathway by promoting nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) nuclear translocation while simultaneously removing lipid oxidation products and excess free radicals. These results suggest that RFP is a potential substance for resisting aging and disease caused by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shiquan You
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
- Correspondence:
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Suwignyo B, Aristia Rini E, Helmiyati S. The profile of tropical alfalfa in Indonesia: a review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 30:103504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Rahim MA, Umar M, Habib A, Imran M, Khalid W, Lima CMG, Shoukat A, Itrat N, Nazir A, Ejaz A, Zafar A, Awuchi CG, Sharma R, Santana RF, Emran TB. Photochemistry, Functional Properties, Food Applications, and Health Prospective of Black Rice. J CHEM-NY 2022; 2022:1-21. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2755084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This review investigates black rice’s photochemistry, functional properties, food applications, and health prospects. There are different varieties of black rice available in the world. The origins of this product can be traced back to Asian countries. This rice is also known as prohibited rice, emperor’s rice, and royal’s rice. Black rice is composed of different nutrients including fiber, protein, carbohydrates, potassium, and vitamin B complex. It contains an antioxidant called anthocyanin and tocopherols. Antioxidants are found mostly in foods that are black or dark purple. Due to its nutritious density, high fiber level, and high antioxidant content, black rice is a good alternative to white and brown rice. Utilizing black rice in various foods can enhance the nutritional value of food and be transformed into functional food items. Many noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) can be prevented by eating black rice daily, including cancer cells, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis, asthma, digestive health, and stroke risk. This review aim was to discuss the role of nutritional and functional properties of black rice in the formation of functional food against different noncommunicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abdul Rahim
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Umar
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Habib
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | | | - Aurbab Shoukat
- National Institute of Food Science & Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nizwa Itrat
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Anum Nazir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afaf Ejaz
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Amna Zafar
- Department of Home Economics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Chinaza Godswill Awuchi
- School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University, Box 20000 Kansanga, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
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7
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Wu SJ, Li KJ, Tsai MH, Ng LT. Comparative effects of black pigmented and non-pigmented brown rice on hypolipidemic activity and their mechanisms of action in high fat diet-induced hamsters. J Cereal Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2022.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Does Plant Breeding for Antioxidant-Rich Foods Have an Impact on Human Health? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040794. [PMID: 35453479 PMCID: PMC9024522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the general beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich foods on human health and disease prevention, there is a continuous interest in plant secondary metabolites conferring attractive colors to fruits and grains and responsible, together with others, for nutraceutical properties. Cereals and Solanaceae are important components of the human diet, thus, they are the main targets for functional food development by exploitation of genetic resources and metabolic engineering. In this review, we focus on the impact of antioxidants-rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human health by analyzing natural biodiversity and biotechnological strategies aiming at increasing the antioxidant level of grains and fruits, the impact of agronomic practices and food processing on antioxidant properties combined with a focus on the current state of pre-clinical and clinical studies. Despite the strong evidence in in vitro and animal studies supporting the beneficial effects of antioxidants-rich diets in preventing diseases, clinical studies are still not sufficient to prove the impact of antioxidant rich cereal and Solanaceae derived foods on human
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Possibility for Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Dementia Using Three Kinds of Brown Rice Blends after High-Pressure Treatment. Foods 2022; 11:foods11060818. [PMID: 35327240 PMCID: PMC8947517 DOI: 10.3390/foods11060818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As it has been reported that type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, we investigated how to prevent type 2 diabetes and dementia using biofunctional boiled rice. We adopted unpolished super-hard rice (SHBR) for diabetes and wax-free unpolished black rice (WFBBR) for dementia and blended those with ordinary non-polished rice (KBR) (blending ratio 4:4:2), adding 2.5% waxy black rice bran (WBB) and 0.3% rice oil after high-pressure treatment (HPT) (WFBSK) to improve its palatability. This boiled rice is rich in dietary fiber, anthocyanin, free ferulic acid and β-secretase inhibitory activity. A randomized, parallel-group comparison study was conducted for 12 weeks with 24 subjects, using Cognitrax to evaluate their cognitive function primarily. Furthermore, as the secondary purpose, we performed a single-dose test for postprandial blood glucose and insulin secretion at the end of the human intervention test. After 12 weeks, consumers of the WFBSK rice exhibited significant improvement in language memory by cognitive test battery compared with those who consumed the control white rice (p < 0.05). Moreover, subjects who consumed the WFBSK rice had lower insulin secretion levels than those who consumed the control polished rice (p < 0.05).
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DELA ROSA JGL, MEDINA PMB. Philippine rice wine (Tapuy) made from Ballatinao black rice and traditional starter culture (Bubod) showed high alcohol content, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.45120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Mo Q, Fu H, Zhao D, Zhang J, Wang C, Wang D, Li M. Protective Effects of Mogroside V on Oxidative Stress Induced by H 2O 2 in Skin Fibroblasts. Drug Des Devel Ther 2021; 15:4901-4909. [PMID: 34880600 PMCID: PMC8647757 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s337524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Damage caused by oxidative stress leads to the premature aging of cells. Mogrosides, the main active components of Siraitia grosvenorii, have strong antioxidant activity; however, it is unclear whether mogroside V (MV) exerts these effects in skin cells. This was investigated in the present study by evaluating the protective effects of MV against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in skin fibroblasts. Methods Mouse skin fibroblasts (MSFs) were treated with H2O2 and cell viability, total antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activity were assessed. Results Treatment with MV reduced the ROS level and MDA content in MSFs treated with H2O2. This was accompanied by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) activities. Conclusion MV reduces H2O2-induced oxidative stress and enhances endogenous antioxidant activity in skin fibroblasts. Thus, MV can potentially be used as an ingredient in anti-aging cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuting Mo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachan Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Changtao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Research and Development, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Cosmetic Regulatory Science, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Shozib HB, Islam MM, Mahmud SAS, Bari MN, Akter N, Jahan S, Hosen S, Hossain MN, Nabi AHMN, Siddiquee MA, Haque MM. Application of Cyanidin-3-Glucosides as a functional food ingredient in rice-based bakery products. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:7472-7480. [PMID: 34867052 PMCID: PMC8626305 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Black pericarp rice has recently become popular among rice consumers for its diverse health benefits specially anti-cancer effect. Cyanidin-3-Glucosides (C3G), an prominant bioactive component of anthocyanins which is abundantly present in black pericarp rice. Objectives We investigated, how effectively it can be used to fortify Cyanidin-3-Glucosides (C3G) content in red and white pericarp polished rice or rice based bakery products for more nutritional value. Method In the present study, we have characterized several black pericarp rice cultivars along with some red pericarp and white pericarp rice cultivars by physicochemical including mineral profiling, and quantified the C3G by UFLC and LCMS. Results C3G content was significantly reduced from raw rice to cooked rice condition. All the black pericarp rice cultivars synthesized C3G, while this content was not detected in red and white pericarp rice cultivars. However, when 25% of black pericarp rice were mixed with 75% red or white pericarp polished rice, C3G content was significantly retained in cooked rice conditions. Formulation of rice-based bakery food product using black pericarp rice powder was also remarkably retained the C3G content as compared to that of cooking. Black rice is harder in texture, difficult to digest and needs higher energy for cooking. Therefore, we tried to circumvent these challenges by fortifying 25% of black pericarp rice with white or red pericarp rice. Conclusion Fortification of C3G enriched black rice (25%) with red or white pericarp rice (75%) might bring a better nutritional quality in both cooking and baking condition. This may lead a way to the effective management of the non-communicable disease such as cancer for common rice consuming population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habibul Bari Shozib
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mariful Islam
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Sultan Abu Saleh Mahmud
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Nazmul Bari
- Entomology Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Nasima Akter
- Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Saima Jahan
- Mathmetical and Physical Sciences, East West University, Aftab Nagar, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Shakir Hosen
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nazir Hossain
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Bangabandu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Maritime University, Mirpur, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh
| | - A H M Nurun Nabi
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dhaka University, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Ali Siddiquee
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
| | - Md Manjurul Haque
- Department of Environmental Science, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Abba N, Sung CTB, Paing TN, Zuan ATK. Wastewater from Washed Rice Water as Plant Nutrient Source: Current Understanding and Knowledge Gaps. PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.47836/pjst.29.3.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A significant wastewater source in every household is washed rice water (WRW) because it contains leached nutrients (from washing the rice prior to cooking) that could be used as fertilizer. The paper reviewed the current understanding of the potential use of WRW as a plant nutrient source. WRW was shown to increase vegetables growth, such as water spinach, pak choy, lettuce, mustard, tomato, and eggplant. Different researchers have used various amounts of WRW, and their results followed a similar trend: the higher the amount of WRW, the higher the plant growth. WRW has also been used for other purposes, such as a source of carbon for microbial growth. WRW from brown rice and white rice had nutrients ranging from 40-150, 43-16306, 51-200, 8-3574, 36-1425, 27-212, and 32-560 mg L-1 of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, and vitamin B1 (thiamine), respectively. Proper utilization of WRW could reduce chemical fertilizer use and prevent both surface and groundwater contamination and environmental pollution. However, only a few of the studies have compared the use of WRW with the use of conventional NPK fertilizer. The major drawback of WRW studies is that they lack depth and scope, such as determining the initial and (or) final soil physico-chemical properties or plant nutrient contents. Considering the rich nutrient content in WRW, it will impact plant growth and soil fertility when used as both irrigation water and plant nutrient source. Therefore, it is recommended that studies on WRW effect on soil microbial population, plant, and soil nutrient contents to be carried out to ascertain the sustainability of WRW use as a plant nutrient source.
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14
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Demeekul K, Suthammarak W, Petchdee S. Bioactive Compounds from Germinated Brown Rice Protect Cardiomyocytes Against Simulated Ischemic/Reperfusion Injury by Ameliorating Mitochondrial Dysfunction. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1055-1066. [PMID: 33727794 PMCID: PMC7955705 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s294779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the principal mechanism during Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD). The key modulator of I/R injury is dysregulation of mitochondria function. Germinated Brown Rice (GBR) has been recommended as a bio-functional food and has clarified the potential properties in several effects. However, the effect of GBR mediated cardioprotective properties, focusing on mitochondrial function’s role, remains unexplored. Thus, this study aims to investigate the cardioprotective effects of GBR pretreatment against simulated I/R injury. Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were incubated with GBR at a five ƞg/mL concentration for 24 hours and simulated I/R (sI/R) for 40 minutes. Cell viability and cell apoptosis were assessed by 7-AAD staining and Annexin V/PI staining, respectively. The mitochondrial membrane potential was determined by JC-1 staining and mitochondrial respiration represented by oxygen consumption rate (OCR) using Seahorse Flux analyzer. Results The results revealed that the administration of GBR before sI/R significantly decreased the percentage of cell death and total cell apoptosis in H9c2 during stimulation of ischemic/reperfusion. Besides, pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with GBR remarkably stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential and improved impaired mitochondrial respiration in simulated-H9c2 injury. Conclusion The present research is the first study to report the effective cardioprotection of GBR. Pretreatment of GBR potentially protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes against sI/R injury through mitochondrial function. The underlying therapeutic activities are possibly associated with its bio-functional compounds. However, the underlying mechanism on the cardioprotective effects of GBR needs further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanokwan Demeekul
- Graduate School, Program of Bio-Veterinary Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
| | - Wichit Suthammarak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen Campus, Nakorn Pathom, Thailand
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Zhu F, Paul P, Hussain W, Wallman K, Dhatt BK, Sandhu J, Irvin L, Morota G, Yu H, Walia H. SeedExtractor: An Open-Source GUI for Seed Image Analysis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:581546. [PMID: 33597957 PMCID: PMC7882627 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of seed size parameters is essential for both breeding efforts aimed at enhancing yields and basic research focused on discovering genetic components that regulate seed size. To address this need, we have developed an open-source graphical user interface (GUI) software, SeedExtractor that determines seed size and shape (including area, perimeter, length, width, circularity, and centroid), and seed color with capability to process a large number of images in a time-efficient manner. In this context, our application takes ∼2 s for analyzing an image, i.e., significantly less compared to the other tools. As this software is open-source, it can be modified by users to serve more specific needs. The adaptability of SeedExtractor was demonstrated by analyzing scanned seeds from multiple crops. We further validated the utility of this application by analyzing mature-rice seeds from 231 accessions in Rice Diversity Panel 1. The derived seed-size traits, such as seed length, width, were used for genome-wide association analysis. We identified known loci for regulating seed length (GS3) and width (qSW5/GW5) in rice, which demonstrates the accuracy of this application to extract seed phenotypes and accelerate trait discovery. In summary, we present a publicly available application that can be used to determine key yield-related traits in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyu Zhu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Puneet Paul
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Waseem Hussain
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Kyle Wallman
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Balpreet K. Dhatt
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Jaspreet Sandhu
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Larissa Irvin
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Gota Morota
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Hongfeng Yu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Harkamal Walia
- Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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16
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Ashokkumar K, Govindaraj M, Vellaikumar S, Shobhana VG, Karthikeyan A, Akilan M, Sathishkumar J. Comparative Profiling of Volatile Compounds in Popular South Indian Traditional and Modern Rice Varieties by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Front Nutr 2020; 7:599119. [PMID: 33363195 PMCID: PMC7755633 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.599119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the major cereal crops cultivated across the world, particularly in Southeast Asia with 95% of global production. The present study was aimed to evaluate the total phenolic content (TPC) and to profile all the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of eight popular traditional and two modern rice varieties cultivated in South India. Thirty-one VOCs were estimated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The identified volatile compounds in the 10 rice varieties belong to the chemical classes of fatty acids, terpenes, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, phenols, esters, amides, and others. Interestingly, most of the identified predominant components were not identical, which indicate the latent variation among the rice varieties. Significant variations exist for fatty acids (46.9–76.2%), total terpenes (12.6–30.7%), total phenols (0.9–10.0%), total aliphatic alcohols (0.8–5.9%), total alkanes (0.5–5.1%), and total alkenes (1.0–4.9%) among the rice varieties. Of all the fatty acid compounds, palmitic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, and oleic acid predominantly varied in the range of 11.1–33.7, 6.1–31.1, 6.0–28.0, and 0.7–15.1%, respectively. The modern varieties recorded the highest palmitic acid contents (28.7–33.7%) than the traditional varieties (11.1–20.6%). However, all the traditional varieties had higher linoleic acid (10.0–28.0%) than the modern varieties (6.0–8.5%). Traditional varieties had key phenolic compounds, stearic acid, butyric acid, and glycidyl oleate, which are absent in the modern varieties. The traditional varieties Seeraga samba and Kichilli samba had the highest azulene and oleic acid, respectively. All these indicate the higher variability for nutrients and aroma in traditional varieties. These varieties can be used as potential parents to improve the largely cultivated high-yielding varieties for the evolving nutritional market. The hierarchical cluster analysis showed three different clusters implying the distinctness of the traditional and modern varieties. This study provided a comprehensive volatile profile of traditional and modern rice as a staple food for energy as well as for aroma with nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaliyaperumal Ashokkumar
- Crop Improvement, Cardamom Research Station, Kerala Agricultural University, Pampadumpara, India.,School of Agriculture, PRIST Deemed University, Thanjavur, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- Crop Improvement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - V G Shobhana
- Crop Improvement Program, International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Hyderabad, India
| | - Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, South Korea
| | - Manoharan Akilan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, India
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Status of Bioactive Compounds from Bran of Pigmented Traditional Rice Varieties and Their Scope in Production of Medicinal Food with Nutraceutical Importance. AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10111817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of pigmented rice as a staple food is rapidly increasing due to their healthy prospective and considered as functional food ingredients. Greater interest has been shown in many color rice varieties due to their multiple biological activities. The phenolic compounds have been found to consist of anthocyanidins, ferulic acid, diferulates, anthocyanins and polymeric proanthocyanidins. Anthocyanin is located in the bran layers of the rice kernel, while phenolic acids are mainly present in the bran layers of rice, existing as free, conjugated and bound forms. Keeping in view the several health benefits associated with the functional ingredients, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and anticancer effects, pigmented rice is considered as a functional food and food ingredient in many Asian countries. The application and incorporation of bran into food products for the preparation of functional foods is increasing. Within the scope of this review, we highlighted the significant bioactive compounds from pigmented rice varieties and their potentials for medicinal and nutraceutical ingredients. The information provided from this could be of high benefit to the functional food industry and further research advance medicinal products.
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Kopeć A, Zawistowski J, Kitts DD. Benefits of Anthocyanin-Rich Black Rice Fraction and Wood Sterols to Control Plasma and Tissue Lipid Concentrations in Wistar Kyoto Rats Fed an Atherogenic Diet. Molecules 2020; 25:E5363. [PMID: 33212852 PMCID: PMC7698440 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: This study reports on the relative effects of administrating a cyanidin-3-O-glucoside-rich black rice fraction (BRF), a standardized wood sterol mixture (WS), and a combination of both to lower plasma and target tissue lipid concentrations in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats fed atherogenic diets. Methods: Male WKY (n = 40) rats were randomly divided into five groups, which included a nonatherogenic control diet and atherogenic diets that included a positive control and atherogenic diets supplemented with BRF or WS, respectively, and a combination of both BRF + WS. Plasma and target tissue liver, heart and aorta cholesterol, and triacylglycerides (TAG) content were also measured. Results: Rats fed atherogenic diets exhibited elevated hyperlipidemia compared to counterparts fed nonatherogenic diets (p < 0.001); this effect was mitigated by supplementing the atherogenic diets with BRF and WS, respectively (p < 0.05). Combining BRF with WS to enrich the supplement lowered cholesterol similar to the WS effect (p < 0.05) and lowered TAG characteristic to the BRF effect (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Rats fed diets containing BRF or WS effectively mitigate the hypercholesterolemia and elevated TAG induced by feeding an atherogenic diet. The benefit of adding BRF + WS together is relevant to the lipid parameter measured and is target tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Kopeć
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Balicka 122, 31-149 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Zawistowski
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
| | - David D. Kitts
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia 209-2205 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;
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Lee AY, Choi JM, Lee YA, Shin SH, Cho EJ. Beneficial effect of black rice ( Oryza sativa L. var. japonica ) extract on amyloid β-induced cognitive dysfunction in a mouse model. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:64. [PMID: 32963594 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disease, resulting in memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. The accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) has been identified as the most important risk factor for AD. Black rice (BR; Oryza sativa L. var. japonica), which is widely consumed in Asia, is a good source of bioactive compounds including anthocyanins. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effect of BR extracts against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment in an in vivo AD mouse model. After intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, mice were treated with BR extract supplementation for 14 days. Memory and cognition function were evaluated over this period in both treated and untreated animals using T-maze, novel object recognition and Morris water maze tests. After behavioral tests, malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) concentrations in brain, liver and kidney tissues were analyzed. Mice treated with Aβ25-35 had impaired memory and cognitive function; however, mice administered BR extract (100 mg/kg/day) demonstrated an improvement in cognition and memory function compared with the Aβ25-35-injected control group. Furthermore, injection of Aβ25-35 significantly increased MDA and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney of mice. However, the group administered with BR extract had significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation and NO generation in the brain, liver and kidney. In addition, the protective effect of BR on lipid peroxidation and NO production by Aβ25-35 was stronger in the brain compared with other tissues. Collectively, these findings suggested that BR supplementation may prevent memory and cognition deficits caused by Aβ25-35-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah Young Lee
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Myung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Young A Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Hwa Shin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Research Institute of Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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20
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Impact of Cooking on Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Pigmented Rice Cultivars. Foods 2020; 9:foods9080967. [PMID: 32707763 PMCID: PMC7466332 DOI: 10.3390/foods9080967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pigmented rice cultivars, namely Venere and Artemide, are a source of bioactive molecules, in particular phenolics, including anthocyanins, exerting a positive effect on cardiovascular systems thanks also to their antioxidant capacity. This study aimed to determine the total phenol index (TPI), total flavonoids (TF), total anthocyanins (TA) and in vitro antioxidant capacity in 12 batches of Venere cultivar and two batches of Artemide cultivar. The rice was cooked using different methods (boiling, microwave, pressure cooker, water bath, rice cooker) with the purpose to individuate the procedure limiting the loss of bioactive compounds. TPI, TF and TA were spectrophotometrically determined in both raw and cooked rice samples. Rice samples of Artemide cultivars were richer in TPI (17.7-18.8 vs. 8.2-11.9 g gallic acid/kg in Venere rice), TF (13.1 vs. 5.0-7.1 g catechin/kg rice for Venere rice) and TA (3.2-3.4 vs. 1.8-2.9 g Cy-3glc/kg for Venere rice) in comparison to those of Venere cultivar; as well, they showed higher antioxidant capacity (46.6-47.8 vs. 14.4-31.9 mM Trolox/kg for Venere rice). Among the investigated cooking methods, the rice cooker and the water bath led to lower and comparable losses of phenolics. Interestingly, the cooking water remaining after cooking with the rice cooker was rich in phenolics. The consumption of a portion of rice (100 g) cooked with the rice cooker with its own cooking water can supply 240 mg catechin and 711 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Venere rice and 545 mg catechin and 614 mg cyanidin 3-O-glucoside for Artemide rice, with a potential positive effect on health.
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21
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Nayeem S, Venkidasamy B, Sundararajan S, Kuppuraj SP, Ramalingam S. Differential expression of flavonoid biosynthesis genes and biochemical composition in different tissues of pigmented and non-pigmented rice. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:884-893. [PMID: 33678871 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ever since the flavonoids and other antioxidants in rice were demonstrated with immense health benefits, much interest has been diverted to study the native indigenous rice landraces. In the present investigation, three pigmented rare Indian rice landraces and two non-pigmented rice varieties were analyzed for their phytoconstituents like total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin content and antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The phytochemical profile was compared between seed, seedling, stem, leaf and root tissues of the different varieties. Pigmented rice cultivars demonstrated higher levels of bioactive compounds as compared to the non-pigmented cultivars exhibiting a strong correlation between the antioxidant activity of the grain and their phenolic and flavonoid content. Among the five different rice studied, black navara was found to be superior in terms of its phytochemical composition. Further, the expression levels of flavonoid genes among pigmented and non-pigmented rice was studied. Higher gene expression profiles were observed in the 8 flavonoid genes studied in pigmented rice varieties as compared to non-pigmented varieties. The colorlessness of non-pigmented rice and its lower levels of phytoconstituents correlated with the low transcript levels of flavonoid genes recorded in them. This study provides a basis for understanding the health-promoting properties of pigmented rice over non-pigmented rice at the biochemical and molecular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia Nayeem
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
| | - Sathish Sundararajan
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
| | - Sree Preethy Kuppuraj
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
| | - Sathishkumar Ramalingam
- Plant Genetic Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046 India
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Semi-targeted metabolomic analysis provides the basis for enhanced antioxidant capacities in pigmented rice grains. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Petchdee S, Laosripaiboon W, Jarussophon N. Cardiac protection of germinated brown rice extract in rabbit model of chronic myocardial infarction. Transl Anim Sci 2020; 4:txaa067. [PMID: 32705062 PMCID: PMC7288738 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is a leading cause of mortality in the world. This study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of germinated brown rice (GBR) on a rabbit model of chronic myocardial infarction. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups receiving: 1) regular rabbit food; 2) regular rabbit food plus vehicle; and 3) regular rabbit food plus GBR for 120 d. The left circumflex coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial ischemia 60 d after starting the experiment (baseline). Heart functions were monitored by electrocardiography and echocardiography at 0, 30, and 60 d after coronary artery ligation. The incidences of heart rate (HR) and ventricular arrhythmias have been compared between groups. GBR showed the effects to prevent life-threatening ventricular tachycardia and electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia in a model of arrhythmias. GBR consumption group exhibited significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the HR, along with reduced mean arterial pressure and plasma glucose level. The results demonstrated that GBR exerts cardioprotective effects against chronic myocardial injury in rabbits. These biological actions of GBR may explain the benefits gained from the use of GBR products as a possible prophylactic lifestyle intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soontaree Petchdee
- Department of Large Animal and Wildlife Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Laosripaiboon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
| | - Nongpanga Jarussophon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science, Kasetsart University, Kamphaeng Saen, Thailand
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Callcott ET, Blanchard CL, Snell P, Santhakumar AB. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of pigmented rice consumption in an obese cohort. Food Funct 2020; 10:8016-8025. [PMID: 31750484 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The development of lifestyle diseases in the obese has been attributed to higher levels of inflammation and free radical mediated oxidative stress. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols in pigmented rice varieties could have potential to neutralize oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory responses in the obese. A cross-over dietary intervention human clinical trial was conducted with three pigmented rice varieties chosen from previous chemical and in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory screening. Obese (n = 22, BMI > 30) sedentary participants consumed one cup of pigmented rice (Reiziq (brown), Purple (purple) and Yunlu29 (red)). Blood samples were collected prior consumption (baseline) and at set time points of 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours and 4 hours post rice consumption. The collected blood samples were analysed for antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers. Total antioxidant activity increased (p < 0.001) at the 1 hour time point by 40.3% post purple rice consumption. The red rice variety, Yunlu29 increased antioxidant activity at the 30 minute (p < 0.001) and 1 hour (p < 0.01) time point by 29.5% and 21.2% respectively. Lipid peroxidation biomarker, malondialdehyde (MDA), decreased (p < 0.05) at the 30 minute time point by 6.8% post purple rice consumption. At the 4 hour time point MDA levels was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by the red rice variety Yunlu29, by 9.6%. Pro-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin-10 (IL-10), was significantly (p < 0.0001) reduced by 3.1% 30 minutes post purple rice consumption. In contrast, Yunlu29 (red) reduced interleukin-6 levels by 13.6% and 11.0% at the 30 minute and 1 hour time points respectively. Both the purple (p < 0.01) and red (p < 0.001) varieties significantly reduced interleukin-12p70 concentrations at 30 minutes by 8.7% and 10.3% respectively. Reiziq (brown) did not affect any of the biomarkers analysed in this study. The outcomes of this study highlight that polyphenols found in pigmented rice may play a key role in targeting specific therapeutic pathways in obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Callcott
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia
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Cardio-Protective Effects of Germinated Brown Rice Extract Against Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2020; 27:251-258. [PMID: 32266706 DOI: 10.1007/s40292-020-00378-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemic heart disease is closely associated with many risk factors. Germinated brown rice extract (GBR) has potent antioxidant activities for alleviating the factors for developing heart failure such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus. AIM The objective of the present study was to determine the cardio-protective effects of GBR and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these effects in a model of simulated myocardial ischemic/ reperfusion injury (sI/R). METHODS An in vitro study was performed on cultured rat cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) exposed to sI/R. The expression of apoptosis and signaling proteins was assessed using Western blot analyses. Eighteen New Zealand White rabbits were divided into 3 groups and the left circumflex coronary artery was ligated to induce myocardial ischemia. Heart functions were monitored by electrocardiography and echocardiography 0, 30, and 60 days after coronary artery ligation. RESULTS GBR consumption group showed significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the heart rate, along with reduced mean arterial pressure and plasma glucose level. Also, GBR showed good scavenging activity, pretreatment with GBR inhibited I/R induced apoptosis by suppressing the production of caspase 3 and p38 MAPK. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that intake of germinated brown rice may effectively to protect cell proliferation and apoptosis and may provide important nutrients to prevent heart failure due to myocardial ischemia.
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Callcott ET, Blanchard CL, Snell P, Santhakumar AB. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of acute consumption of pigmented rice in humans. Food Funct 2020; 10:8230-8239. [PMID: 31729520 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02455g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of lifestyle diseases has been significantly correlated to high levels of oxidative stress and pro-inflammation. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols in coloured rice varieties could have potential to neutralize oxidative stress and modulate inflammatory responses. A cross-over design, randomised, dietary intervention human clinical trial was conducted on a pre-screened healthy population (n = 24) investigating the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of pigmented rice (purple, red and brown) varieties. Post baseline blood samples collection volunteers consumed a serve of cooked pigmented rice. Blood samples were collected at 30-minutes, 1, 2 and 4-hours post rice consumption. A one-week wash-out period between each supplementation bout (rice variety) was conducted. Blood and biochemical parameters were analysed on baseline blood samples. Antioxidant activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and a pro-inflammatory cytokine panel were analysed on the blood samples collected. Post purple rice consumption, antioxidant activity increased (p < 0.0001) by 70.5% and maintained elevated for all time points. The red rice variety Yunlu29, significantly (p < 0.005) reduced MDA levels by 9.2% at the 30-minute time point. Purple rice demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) decrease by 4.0% at the 30-minute time point only. Purple rice significantly decreased TNF-α levels at the 1-hour (p < 0.05) and 4-hour (p < 0.005) time points by 21.9% and 25.4% respectively. IL-6 concentrations were significantly reduced at 1 and 2-hour post Purple (p < 0.05; 11.7%) and Yunlu29 (red) (p < 0.01; 14.1%) consumption respectively. The brown rice variety did not affect any parameters tested. The outcomes of this study, highlight that polyphenols found in pigmented rice may play a key role in targeting specific oxidative stress and inflammatory therapeutic pathways. Pigmented rice varieties may serve as a potential functional food in reducing risk factors associated with lifestyle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Callcott
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia.
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Verma DK, Srivastav PP. Bioactive compounds of rice (Oryza sativa L.): Review on paradigm and its potential benefit in human health. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sen S, Chakraborty R, Kalita P. Rice - not just a staple food: A comprehensive review on its phytochemicals and therapeutic potential. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Amer Hamzah M, Mohd Kasim NA, Shamsuddin A, Mustafa N, Mohamad Rusli NI, Teh CY, Ho CL. Nucleotide variations of 9- cis- epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 ( NCED2) and pericarp coloration genes ( Rc and Rd) from upland rice varieties. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:105. [PMID: 32099746 PMCID: PMC7007461 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2092-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the Rc and Rd genes that are responsible for the coloration of rice pericarps from six upland rice varieties. We also examined the association of pericarp coloration to the single nucleotide polymorphism in 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 2 (NCED2), a key gene involved in abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Our findings demonstrated that all the upland rice varieties analyzed have a Rd gene which encodes a complete dihydroflavonol-4-reductase without early translational termination codon irrespective of their pericarp colors. However, the upland rice varieties with white pericarps were found to have a defective Rc gene with a 14-base deletion at exon 7 which could disrupt the function of a positive regulator of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. In addition, the NCED2 genes from the upland rice varieties with white pericarps in this study have a C-allele while the NCED2 genes from Pandasan Red, Tomou and Taragang varieties that bear red pericarps were found to have a T-allele which was reported to be associated with a higher ABA level in upland rice. A better understanding of the gene sequences of upland rice varieties with red pericarp may provide important information for rice breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muazr Amer Hamzah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nur Aini Mohd Kasim
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Athirah Shamsuddin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nadia Mustafa
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Norliana Izzati Mohamad Rusli
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Chui-Yao Teh
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Quest International University Perak, 30250 Ipoh, Perak Malaysia
| | - Chai-Ling Ho
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia
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Zhang Y, Ye J, Liu C, Xu Q, Long L, Deng X. Citrus PH4-Noemi regulatory complex is involved in proanthocyanidin biosynthesis via a positive feedback loop. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:1306-1321. [PMID: 31728522 PMCID: PMC7031078 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs; or condensed tannins) are a major class of flavonoids that contribute to citrus fruit quality. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for PA biosynthesis and accumulation in citrus remains unclear. Here, we identify a PH4-Noemi regulatory complex that regulates proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in citrus. Overexpression of PH4 or Noemi in citrus calli activated the expression of PA biosynthetic genes and significantly increased the PA content. Interestingly, Noemi was also shown to be up-regulated in CsPH4-overexpressing lines compared with wild-type calli. Simultaneously, CsPH4 partially complemented the PA-deficient phenotype of the Arabidopsis tt2 mutant and promoted PA accumulation in the wild-type. Further analysis revealed that CsPH4 interacted with Noemi, and together these proteins synergistically activated the expression of PA biosynthetic genes by directly binding to the MYB-recognizing elements (MRE) of the promoters of these genes. Moreover, CsPH4 could directly bind to the promoter of Noemi and up-regulate the expression of this gene. These findings explain how the CsPH4-Noemi regulatory complex contributes to the activation of PA biosynthetic genes via a positive feedback loop and provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying PA biosynthesis, which can be effectively employed for metabolic engineering to improve citrus fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Junli Ye
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lichang Long
- Agriculture Bureau of Hongjiang City, Hongjiang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiuxin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Correspondence:
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Liu D, Ji Y, Zhao J, Wang H, Guo Y, Wang H. Black rice (Oryza sativa L.) reduces obesity and improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Ed Nignpense B, Chinkwo KA, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. Polyphenols: Modulators of Platelet Function and Platelet Microparticle Generation? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010146. [PMID: 31878290 PMCID: PMC6981839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets and platelet microparticles (PMPs) play a key role in the pathophysiology of vascular disorders such as coronary artery disease and stroke. In atherosclerosis, for example, the disruption of the plaque exposes endogenous agonists such as collagen, which activates platelets. Platelet hyper-activation and the high levels of PMPs generated in such situations pose a thrombotic risk that can lead to strokes or myocardial infarctions. Interestingly, dietary polyphenols are gaining much attention due to their potential to mimic the antiplatelet activity of treatment drugs such as aspirin and clopidogrel that target the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-collagen and cyclooxygenease-1 (COX-1)-thromboxane platelet activation pathways respectively. Platelet function tests such as aggregometry and flow cytometry used to monitor the efficacy of antiplatelet drugs can also be used to assess the antiplatelet potential of dietary polyphenols. Despite the low bioavailability of polyphenols, several in vitro and dietary intervention studies have reported antiplatelet effects of polyphenols. This review presents a summary of platelet function in terms of aggregation, secretion, activation marker expression, and PMP release. Furthermore, the review will critically evaluate studies demonstrating the impact of polyphenols on aggregation and PMP release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borkwei Ed Nignpense
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
| | - Kenneth A. Chinkwo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Christopher L. Blanchard
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Locked Bag 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia; (B.E.N.); (K.A.C.); (C.L.B.)
- Australian Research Council (ARC), Industrial Transformation Training Centre (ITTC) for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-2-6933-2678
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Effect of Germinated Pigmented Rice "Superjami" on the Glucose Level, Antioxidant Defense System, and Bone Metabolism in Menopausal Rat Model. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11092184. [PMID: 31514360 PMCID: PMC6770557 DOI: 10.3390/nu11092184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Women experience physical, mental, and social changes during menopause. It is important to maintain a healthy diet for effective menopause management. The effect of germinated Superjami, a deep violet colored rice cultivar, on the body weight, glucose level, antioxidant defense system, and bone metabolism in a menopausal rat model was investigated. The animals were randomly divided into three groups and fed with a normal diet (ND), a control diet supplemented with 20% (w/w) non-germinated Superjami flour (NGSF), or germinated Superjami flour (GSF) for eight weeks. The NGSF and GSF groups exhibited significantly lower body weight and fat, glucose and insulin contents, adipokine concentrations, and bone resorption biomarker levels, and higher antioxidant enzyme activities and 17-β-estradiol content than the ND group (p < 0.05). The GSF group showed greater glucose homeostasis, antioxidative, and bone metabolism-improving effects compared with the NGSF group. These findings demonstrate that germination could further improve the health-promoting properties of Superjami and that this germinated pigmented rice cultivar could be useful in the treatment and management of menopause-induced hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and bone turnover imbalance.
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Kiriya C, Yeewa R, Khanaree C, Chewonarin T. Purple rice extract inhibits testosterone-induced rat prostatic hyperplasia and growth of human prostate cancer cell line by reduction of androgen receptor activation. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12987. [PMID: 31489669 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The preventive effects of purple rice crude ethanolic extract (PRE) were firstly investigated on testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in castrated rats. As compared to vehicle-treated rats, lower prostate weights were found in the BPH rats that received PRE 1 g/kg bw. In addition, the PRE treatment down-regulated the androgen receptor (AR) expression in the dorsolateral prostate of those rats. In human prostate cancer cell line, LNCaP, PRE could reduce the cell growth, down-regulate the expression of AR and suppress prostate-specific antigen (PSA) secretion. Moreover, PRE also inhibited an activity of 5α-reductase from rat liver microsomes and the mutagenicity of Salmonella Typhimurium induced by standard mutagen. These results demonstrate that PRE altered testosterone-induced BPH in rats and retarded prostate cancer cell growth by modulating AR expression. It is therefore recommended that further investigation is undertaken into the chemopreventive potential of PRE in androgen-AR mediated diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This study revealed the mechanisms of purple rice extract on testosterone-induced rat benign prostatic hyperplasia. Such information, purple rice components show promise as an effective chemopreventive agent for prostatic hyperplasia prevention by alternating the influence of testosterone through its receptor. Thus, purple rice might be developed as food supplement for reduction of prostatic hyperplasia or cancer in elder men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanarat Kiriya
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Administration Section, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Ranchana Yeewa
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Chakkrit Khanaree
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand.,The School of Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Chiangrai Rajabhat University, Chiangmai, Thailand
| | - Teera Chewonarin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Chiang Mai University, Chiangmai, Thailand
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Chen S, Xiong J, Guo W, Bu R, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Yang Z, Lin R. Colored rice quality inspection system using machine vision. J Cereal Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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36
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Chung SI, Jin X, Kang MY. Enhancement of glucose and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats fed with germinated pigmented rice with giant embryo ( Oryza sativa L. cv. Keunnunjami). Food Nutr Res 2019; 63:1612. [PMID: 30863274 PMCID: PMC6405879 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v63.1612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Menopause induces various metabolic disorders due to the rapid decrease of the ovarian hormone estrogen. It is involved in increased risk of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and osteoporosis. The pigmented giant embryo cultivar is a promising food product for menopause-induced metabolic disorders. Objective The effects of non-germinated and germinated Keunnunjami, a new blackish purple pigmented rice with a giant embryo, on glucose and bone metabolisms in ovariectomized rats were investigated. Design The animals were fed with normal control diet (NC group) or control diet supplemented with either non-germinated Keunnunjami (KN group) or germinated Keunnunjami (GKN group) powder for 8 weeks. Results The blood glucose and plasma insulin levels, adipokine concentrations, hepatic glucose-regulating enzyme activities, and bone resorption biomarker levels significantly decreased in KN and GKN groups compared to those of the control animals. Discussion These findings illustrate that GKN group showed greater hypoglycemic activity and lower bone resorption than KN group, suggesting that germination could further improve the physiological property of Keunnunjami. Conclusion Germinated Keunnunjami may have therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia and bone turnover imbalance caused by menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Im Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Xingyue Jin
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Mi Young Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Callcott ET, Thompson K, Oli P, Blanchard CL, Santhakumar AB. Coloured rice-derived polyphenols reduce lipid peroxidation and pro-inflammatory cytokines ex vivo. Food Funct 2019; 9:5169-5175. [PMID: 30255188 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Rice-derived polyphenols have been demonstrated to alleviate obesity-related oxidative stress and inflammation. The aim of the study was to investigate if coloured rice polyphenol extracts (PE) reduce malondialdehyde, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in obese individuals ex vivo. Malondialdehyde and pro-inflammatory cytokines were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and flow cytometry respectively. Fasting blood samples were treated with PE from three coloured rice varieties (purple, red and brown rice) at varying concentrations (10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 μg mL-1). PE treatment demonstrated a dose-dependent reduction in malondialdehyde and TNF-α levels. Purple PE reduced plasma malondialdehyde concentration by 59% compared to red (21%) and brown (25.5%) rice PE. Brown rice PE at 50 μg mL-1 reduced TNF-α levels by 98% compared to red (80%) and purple rice PE (74%). Rice PE did not modulate plasma interleukin-6 concentrations. Coloured rice may be of therapeutic benefit as a potential functional food alternative in targeting specific pathways associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther T Callcott
- Australian Research Council (ARC) Industrial Transformation Training Centre for Functional Grains, Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia.
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Chen X, Zhou X, Yang Z, Gu C, Tao Y, Guo Q, Guo D, Zhang H, Xu P, Liao Y, Wang Y, Duan Q, Ran X, Wang L, Li Y, Wu X. Analysis of Quality Involving in Minerals, Amylose, Protein, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Capacity in Different Coloured Rice Varieties. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.25.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Chen
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Xia Zhou
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Zhiyuan Yang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Chaojian Gu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Yu Tao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Qiaoling Guo
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Daiming Guo
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Peizhou Xu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Yongxiang Liao
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | - Yuping Wang
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | | | - Xiuhua Ran
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
| | | | | | - Xianjun Wu
- Rice Research Institute of Sichuan Agricultural University
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Chung SI, Rico CW, Lee SC, Kang MY. Instant White Rice with Pigmented Giant Embryonic Rice Improves Glucose Metabolism and Inhibits Oxidative Stress in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2018; 88:234-243. [PMID: 31124742 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effects of instant cooked rice made from a combination of white rice and pigmented giant embryonic Keunnunjami rice, in comparison with those of instant regular white or brown rice and instant non-pigmented giant embryonic brown rice, on the glucose metabolism and antioxidant defense status in high-fat diet-fed mice were investigated. 56 male C57BL/6N mice were randomly divided into 7 dietary groups: normal control, high fat (23 %, HF), and HF supplemented with normal white (HF + NW) or brown rice (HF + NB), non-pigmented giant embryonic rice (HF + GB), and white rice with 8 % Keunnunjami (HF + KJ8) and 18 % Keunnunjami (HF + KJ18). After 7 weeks, HF mice showed marked increases in blood glucose (156 mg/dL), plasma insulin (12.1 mg/mL), and lipid peroxidation, and a significant decrease in hepatic glycogen (14.2 mg/g) relative to the control group (p < 0.05). However, addition of instant NB, GB, KJ8, andKJ18) rice suppressed this high-fat diet-induced hyperglycemia and oxidative stress through altering glucose-regulating enzymes (glucokinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) and activation of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and paraoxonase). Compared with HF mice, HF + KJ8 and HF + KJ18 groups exhibited significantly lower glucose (139-141 mg/dL), insulin (10.6-10.9 mg/mL), and lipid peroxidation and higher glycogen (15.3-16.4 mg/g) (p < 0.05). The hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects of instant KJ8 and KJ18 rice were generally comparable to those of instant NB and GB rice. These findings illustrate that instant rice made from white rice with 8 % Keunnunjami rice may be useful as a functional food with therapeutic potential against hyperglycemia and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Im Chung
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Catherine W Rico
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- 2 Division of Plant Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Young Kang
- 1 Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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40
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Suhailah SAJ, Soheir NAER. Preventive effect of black rice antioxidant extract on oxidative stress induced by ethyl alcohol. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 17:478-485. [DOI: 10.5897/ajb2017.16260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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41
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Complexation of thermally-denatured soybean protein isolate with anthocyanins and its effect on the protein structure and in vitro digestibility. Food Res Int 2018; 106:619-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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42
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Liu M, Hu B, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Wang L, Qian H, Qi X. Inhibition study of red rice polyphenols on pancreatic α-amylase activity by kinetic analysis and molecular docking. J Cereal Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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43
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Nam SJ, Chung SI, Ryu SN, Kang MY. Effect of Bran Extract from Pigmented Rice Superjami on the Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms in a Postmenopause-Like Model of Ovariectomized Rats. Cereal Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-04-16-0112-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Nam
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Soo Im Chung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
| | - Su Noh Ryu
- Department of Agricultural Science, Korea National Open University, Seoul 03087, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 Plus, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, South Korea
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44
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Samyor D, Das AB, Deka SC. Pigmented rice a potential source of bioactive compounds: a review. Int J Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duyi Samyor
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Tezpur University; Napaam Sonitpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Amit Baran Das
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Tezpur University; Napaam Sonitpur Assam 784028 India
| | - Sankar Chandra Deka
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology; Tezpur University; Napaam Sonitpur Assam 784028 India
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45
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Cho YH, Farhoudi R, Farooq M, Lee DJ. Evaluating Korean rice genotypes and landraces for octacosanol contents and antioxidant activity. Nat Prod Res 2017; 31:2778-2782. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1292271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Hee Cho
- National Agrobiodiversity Center, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rozbeh Farhoudi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar Branch, Shoushtar, Iran
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Dong-Jin Lee
- Department of Crop Science and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Chungnam, Republic of Korea
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46
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C. C, Hurtada W, Dizon E, Elegado F, Norng C, Raymundo L. Total phenolic, antioxidant activity and physic-chemical properties of waxy pigmented and non-pigmented rice in Cambodia. FOOD RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.1.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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47
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Mahender A, Anandan A, Pradhan SK, Pandit E. Rice grain nutritional traits and their enhancement using relevant genes and QTLs through advanced approaches. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:2086. [PMID: 28018794 PMCID: PMC5148756 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-3744-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice breeding program needs to focus on development of nutrient dense rice for value addition and helping in reducing malnutrition. Mineral and vitamin deficiency related problems are common in the majority of the population and more specific to developing countries as their staple food is rice. RESULTS Genes and QTLs are recently known for the nutritional quality of rice. By comprehensive literature survey and public domain database, we provided a critical review on nutritional aspects like grain protein and amino acid content, vitamins and minerals, glycemic index value, phenolic and flavonoid compounds, phytic acid, zinc and iron content along with QTLs linked to these traits. In addition, achievements through transgenic and advanced genomic approaches have been discussed. The information available on genes and/or QTLs involved in enhancement of micronutrient element and amino acids are summarized with graphical representation. CONCLUSION Compatible QTLs/genes may be combined together to design a desirable genotype with superior in multiple grain quality traits. The comprehensive review will be helpful to develop nutrient dense rice cultivars by integrating molecular markers and transgenic assisted breeding approaches with classical breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumalla Mahender
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (Formerly, Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Annamalai Anandan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (Formerly, Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Sharat Kumar Pradhan
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (Formerly, Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
| | - Elssa Pandit
- Crop Improvement Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute (Formerly, Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack, Odisha 753006 India
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Chung SI, Rico CW, Lee SC, Kang MY. Instant rice made from white and pigmented giant embryonic rice reduces lipid levels and body weight in high fat diet-fed mice. Obes Res Clin Pract 2016; 10:692-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Germinated Pigmented Rice (Oryza Sativa L. cv. Superhongmi) Improves Glucose and Bone Metabolisms in Ovariectomized Rats. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8100658. [PMID: 27775654 PMCID: PMC5084044 DOI: 10.3390/nu8100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of germinated Superhongmi, a reddish brown pigmented rice cultivar, on the glucose profile and bone turnover in the postmenopausal-like model of ovariectomized rats was determined. The ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three dietary groups (n = 10): normal control diet (NC) and normal diet supplemented with non-germinated Superhongmi (SH) or germinated Superhongmi (GSH) rice powder. After eight weeks, the SH and GSH groups showed significantly lower body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, levels of bone resorption markers and higher glycogen and 17-β-estradiol contents than the NC group. The glucose metabolism improved through modulation of adipokine production and glucose-regulating enzyme activities. The GSH rats exhibited a greater hypoglycemic effect and lower bone resorption than SH rats. These results demonstrate that germinated Superhongmi rice may potentially be useful in the prevention and management of postmenopausal hyperglycemia and bone turnover imbalance.
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Nakamura S, Hara T, Joh T, Kobayashi A, Yamazaki A, Kasuga K, Ikeuchi T, Ohtsubo K. Effects of super-hard rice bread blended with black rice bran on amyloid β peptide production and abrupt increase in postprandial blood glucose levels in mice. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2016; 81:323-334. [PMID: 27696976 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2016.1240605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes are very serious diseases with the latter having been suggested to cause the former. We prepared super-hard rice bread blended with black rice bran (SRBBB), which contained a high amount of resistant starch that showed strong inhibitory activities against β-secretase and acetylcholinesterase even after heating. Black rice bran showed greater β-secretase inhibitory activity (3.6-fold) than Koshihikari rice. The bran contained more oleic acid and anthocyanin, meaning that it is potentially a biofunctional food with a high antioxidant capacity. Furthermore, aged mice, which were fed a SRBBB diet for four weeks, showed lower amyloid β 40 peptide in the blood than mice fed a commercial diet (p < 0.01). Additionally, their initial blood glucose levels (BGLs) after 12 weeks of being fed SRBBB were significantly lower than those in the control group. Taken together, our results indicate SRBBB shows promise for inhibiting not only amyloid β production, but also abrupt increases in postprandial BGLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumiko Nakamura
- a Faculty of Applied Life Sciences , Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata , Japan
| | - Takashi Hara
- b Faculty of Agriculture , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Toshio Joh
- b Faculty of Agriculture , Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | | | | | - Kensaku Kasuga
- d Department of Molecular Genetics , Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeuchi
- d Department of Molecular Genetics , Brain Research Institute, Niigata University , Niigata , Japan
| | - Ken'ichi Ohtsubo
- a Faculty of Applied Life Sciences , Niigata University of Pharmacy and Applied Life Sciences , Niigata , Japan
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