1
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Hasibuan PAZ, Simanjuntak Y, Hey-Hawkins E, Lubis MF, Rohani AS, Park MN, Kim B, Syahputra RA. Unlocking the potential of flavonoids: Natural solutions in the fight against colon cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116827. [PMID: 38850646 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, underscoring the importance of understanding the diverse molecular and genetic underpinnings of CRC to improve its diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. This review delves into the adenoma-carcinoma-metastasis model, emphasizing the "APC-KRAS-TP53" signature events in CRC development. CRC is categorized into four consensus molecular subtypes, each characterized by unique genetic alterations and responses to therapy, illustrating its complexity and heterogeneity. Furthermore, we explore the role of chronic inflammation and the gut microbiome in CRC progression, emphasizing the potential of targeting these factors for prevention and treatment. This review discusses the impact of dietary carcinogens and lifestyle factors and the critical role of early detection in improving outcomes, and also examines conventional chemotherapy options for CRC and associated challenges. There is significant focus on the therapeutic potential of flavonoids for CRC management, discussing various types of flavonoids, their sources, and mechanisms of action, including their antioxidant properties, modulation of cell signaling pathways, and effects on cell cycle and apoptosis. This article presents evidence of the synergistic effects of flavonoids with conventional cancer therapies and their role in modulating the gut microbiome and immune response, thereby offering new avenues for CRC treatment. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to CRC research and treatment, incorporating insights from genetic, molecular, and lifestyle factors. Further research is needed on the preventive and therapeutic potential of natural compounds, such as flavonoids, in CRC, underscoring the need for personalized and targeted treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yogi Simanjuntak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Evamarie Hey-Hawkins
- Leipzig University, Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Centre for Biotechnology and Biomedicine (BBZ), Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Deutscher Platz 5, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Muhammad Fauzan Lubis
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Ade Sri Rohani
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Moon Nyeo Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Bonglee Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea; College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Hoegidong Dongdaemungu, Seoul 05253, Republic of Korea
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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2
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Yang Q, Xu Y, Bin X, Chan KP, Chen S, Qian Z, Yao Y, Yuan XL, Qiu K, Huang Y, Ng TK. Combined treatment of human mesenchymal stem cells and green tea extract on retinal ganglion cell regeneration in rats after optic nerve injury. Exp Eye Res 2024; 239:109787. [PMID: 38211683 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2024.109787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death and axonal loss cause irreversible vision loss upon optic nerve (ON) injury. We have independently demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and green tea extract (GTE) promote RGC survival and axonal regeneration in rats with ON injury. Here we aimed to evaluate the combined treatment effect of human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs) and GTE on RGC survival and axonal regeneration after ON injury. Combined treatment of hBM-MSCs and GTE promoted RGC survival and neurite outgrowth/axonal regeneration in ex vivo retinal explant culture and in rats after ON injury. GTE increased Stat3 activation in the retina after combined treatment, and enhanced brain-derived neurotrophic factor secretion from hBM-MSCs. Treatment of 10 μg/mL GTE would not induce hBM-MSC apoptosis, but inhibited their proliferation, migration, and adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation in vitro with reducing matrix metalloproteinase secretions. In summary, this study revealed that GTE can enhance RGC protective effect of hBM-MSCs, suggesting that stem cell priming could be a prospective strategy enhancing the properties of stem cells for ON injury treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yanxuan Xu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Bin
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kwok Ping Chan
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shaowan Chen
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhen Qian
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Ling Yuan
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kunliang Qiu
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuqiang Huang
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tsz Kin Ng
- Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, Guangdong, China; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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3
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Dharshini LCP, Mandal AKA. Regulation of gene expression by modulating microRNAs through Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in cancer. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:230. [PMID: 38281210 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is an intricate ailment that has a higher death rate globally and is characterized by aberrant cell proliferation and metastasis in nature. Since the beginning of healthcare, natural products, especially those derived from plants, have been utilized to support human health. Green tea contains an essential catechin called epigallocatechin gallate, which has anti-proliferative, anti-mutagenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidative properties. The anticancer properties of EGCG have been extensively studied using pre-clinical cell culture and animal model systems. Dysregulated miRNA may be a biomarker since it influences the different characteristics of cancer like upholding proliferative signaling, cell death, invasiveness, metastasis, and angiogenesis. EGCG either elevates or lowers the expression of dysregulated miRNAs in cancer. Nonetheless, due to its anticancer properties, greater attention has been paid towards the development of efficient strategies for utilizing EGCG in cancer chemotherapy. This review summarizes the modifying effect of EGCG on miRNAs in cancer after briefly discussing the anticancer mechanisms of EGCG and the function of miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abul Kalam Azad Mandal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Mia MAR, Dey D, Sakib MR, Biswas MY, Prottay AAS, Paul N, Rimti FH, Abdullah Y, Biswas P, Iftehimul M, Paul P, Sarkar C, El-Nashar HAS, El-Shazly M, Islam MT. The efficacy of natural bioactive compounds against prostate cancer: Molecular targets and synergistic activities. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5724-5754. [PMID: 37786304 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Globally, prostate cancer (PCa) is regarded as a challenging health issue, and the number of PCa patients continues to rise despite the availability of effective treatments in recent decades. The current therapy with chemotherapeutic drugs has been largely ineffective due to multidrug resistance and the conventional treatment has restricted drug accessibility to malignant tissues, necessitating a higher dosage resulting in increased cytotoxicity. Plant-derived bioactive compounds have recently attracted a great deal of attention in the field of PCa treatment due to their potent effects on several molecular targets and synergistic effects with anti-PCa drugs. This review emphasizes the molecular mechanism of phytochemicals on PCa cells, the synergistic effects of compound-drug interactions, and stem cell targeting for PCa treatment. Some potential compounds, such as curcumin, phenethyl-isothiocyanate, fisetin, baicalein, berberine, lutein, and many others, exert an anti-PCa effect via inhibiting proliferation, metastasis, cell cycle progression, and normal apoptosis pathways. In addition, multiple studies have demonstrated that the isolated natural compounds: d-limonene, paeonol, lanreotide, artesunate, and bicalutamide have potential synergistic effects. Further, a significant number of natural compounds effectively target PCa stem cells. However, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of these phytochemicals against PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rashid Mia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Dipta Dey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Musfiqur Rahman Sakib
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeaman Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Shamsh Prottay
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Niloy Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Hoque Rimti
- Bachelor of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Medical College, Chawkbazar, Bangladesh
| | - Yusuf Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Partha Biswas
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Jashore University of Science and Technology (JUST), Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md Iftehimul
- Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Priyanka Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Chandan Sarkar
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
| | - Heba A S El-Nashar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalgonj, Bangladesh
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Gopinatha Pillai MS, Aiswarya SU, Keerthana CK, Rayginia TP, Anto RJ. Targeting receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: Avenues in the management of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. iScience 2023; 26:106816. [PMID: 37235052 PMCID: PMC10206193 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide. Among the various types of NMSCs, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) exhibits more aggressive phenotype and is also the second-most prevalent type. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) triggers key signaling events that play critical roles in the development of various cancers including cSCC. Unsurprisingly, for this reason, this family of proteins has become the cynosure of anti-cancer drug discovery pipelines and is also being considered as attractive targets against cSCC. Though inhibition of RTKs in cSCC has yielded favourable results, there is still scope for bettering the therapeutic outcome. In this review, we discuss the relevance of RTK signaling in the progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, and observations from clinical trials that used RTK inhibitors against cSCC. Backed by results from preclinical studies, including those from our lab, we also give insights into the scope of using some natural products as effective suppressors of RTK signaling and skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreekumar U. Aiswarya
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Chenicheri K. Keerthana
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Tennyson P. Rayginia
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Ruby John Anto
- Division of Cancer Research, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Nie C, Zou Y, Liao S, Gao Q, Li Q. Molecular Targets and Mechanisms of 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphenanthrene from Chinese Yam Modulating NF-κB/COX-2 Signaling Pathway: The Application of Molecular Docking and Gene Silencing. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15040883. [PMID: 36839242 PMCID: PMC9963849 DOI: 10.3390/nu15040883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese yam (Dioscorea opposita) tuber has a significant effect of invigorating the intestine and improving the symptoms of long-term diarrhea according to the records of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Phenanthrene polyphenols from Chinese yam, with higher inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) than anti-inflammatory drugs, are an important material basis in alleviating ulcerative colitis via nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/COX-2 pathway, based on our previous research. The present study further explored the target and molecular mechanisms of phenanthrenes' modulation of the NF-κB/COX-2 signaling pathway by means of molecular docking and gene silencing. Firstly, interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression of 6-hydroxy-2,4,7-trimethoxyphenanthrene (PC2)/6,7-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethoxyphe-nanthrene (PC4) were compared on TNF-α induced human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Secondly, molecular docking and dynamics simulation were implemented for PC2/PC4 and COX-2. Finally, COX-2 silencing was performed on TNF-α induced Caco-2 cells to confirm the target of PC4 on NF-κB/COX-2 pathway. Lower expression of IL-8 and TNF-α in PC4 treated Caco-2 cells indicated that PC4 had stronger anti-inflammatory activity than PC2. The binding of PC4 and COX-2 was stronger due to the hydrogen bond between hydroxyl group and Tyr385. No significant differences were found in phosphorylation nuclear factor kappa-B inhibitor alpha (pIkBα), phosphorylation NF-κB (pNF-κB) and phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (pERK1/2) expression between control and PC4 group after silencing, while these protein expressions significantly decreased in PC4 group without silencing, which confirmed that COX-2 was the important target for PC4 in alleviating ulcerative colitis. These findings indicate that PC4 was supposed to have inhibited NF-κB pathway mediated inflammation via suppression of positive feedback targeting COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyi Nie
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yuxiao Zou
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Sentai Liao
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
| | - Qunyu Gao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Qian Li
- Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou 510610, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13430362787
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7
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Saha S, Prajapati DG, Ratrey P, Mishra A. Co-delivery nanosystem of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Rutin for anticancer and antibacterial activities. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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8
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Hedbrant A, Persson I, Erlandsson A, Wijkander J. Green, Black and Rooibos Tea Inhibit Prostaglandin E2 Formation in Human Monocytes by Inhibiting Expression of Enzymes in the Prostaglandin E2 Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:397. [PMID: 35056712 PMCID: PMC8778366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is associated with adverse inflammatory effects. However, long-term treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) comes with risk of severe side effects. Therefore, alternative ways to inhibit PGE2 are warranted. We have investigated the effects of tea extracts and the polyphenols epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and quercetin on PGE2 formation, determined by immunoassay, and protein expression, determined by immunoblotting, of cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) in human monocytes. Green and black tea extracts, and with a lower potency, Rooibos tea extract, inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and calcium ionophore-induced PGE2 formation. In addition, all tea extracts inhibited the LPS-induced expression of mPGES-1, and the green and black tea extracts also inhibited, to a lesser extent, COX-2 expression. The tea extracts only marginally reduced cPLA2 expression and had no effect on COX-1 expression. EGCG, present in green and black tea, and quercetin, present in all three teas, also inhibited PGE2 formation and expression of mPGES-1, COX-2 and cPLA2. Cell-based and cell-free assays were also performed to evaluate direct effects on the enzymatic activity of COX and PGE synthases. Mainly, the cell-free assay demonstrated partial inhibition by the tea extracts and polyphenols. However, the inhibition required higher doses compared to the effects demonstrated on protein expression. In conclusion, green and black tea, and to a lesser extent Rooibos tea, are potent inhibitors of PGE2 formation in human monocytes, and mediate their effects by inhibiting the expression of the enzymes responsible for PGE2 formation, especially mPGES-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hedbrant
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Persson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
| | - Ann Erlandsson
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences/Biology, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Jonny Wijkander
- Department of Health Sciences, Karlstad University, SE-651 88 Karlstad, Sweden; (A.H.); (I.P.); (A.E.)
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Chauhan A, Islam AU, Prakash H, Singh S. Phytochemicals targeting NF-κB signaling: Potential anti-cancer interventions. J Pharm Anal 2021; 12:394-405. [PMID: 35811622 PMCID: PMC9257438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous regulator of the signalome and is indispensable for various biological cell functions. NF-κB consists of five transcription factors that execute both cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling processes in cells. NF-κB is the only signaling molecule that governs both pro- and anti-apoptotic, and pro- and anti-inflammatory responses. This is due to the canonical and non-canonical components of the NF-κB signaling pathway. Together, these pathways orchestrate cancer-related inflammation, hyperplasia, neoplasia, and metastasis. Non-canonical NF-κB pathways are particularly involved in the chemoresistance of cancer cells. In view of its pivotal role in cancer progression, NF-κB represents a potentially significant therapeutic target for modifying tumor cell behavior. Several phytochemicals are known to modulate NF-κB pathways through the stabilization of its inhibitor, IκB, by inhibiting phosphorylation and ubiquitination thereof. Several natural pharmacophores are known to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and associated pro-inflammatory responses and cell survival pathways. In view of this and the high degree of specificity exhibited by various phytochemicals for the NF-κB component, we herein present an in-depth overview of these phytochemicals and discuss their mode of interaction with the NF-κB signaling pathways for controlling the fate of tumor cells for cancer-directed interventions. NF-κB plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of homeostasis and various inflammation-mediated pathologies. NF-κB is involved in cancer development and progression by modulating growth signaling and apoptosis pathways. Phytochemicals modulating NF-κB activity should be exploited to design anticancer drugs with minimal side effects. Use of these phytochemicals in adjunctive chemotherapy may enhance the chemosensitivity of existing chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akansha Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Asim Ul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Hridayesh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Virology & Immunology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sandhya Singh
- Amity Institute of Physiology & Allied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Corresponding author.
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10
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Du P, Song J, Qiu H, Liu H, Zhang L, Zhou J, Jiang S, Liu J, Zheng Y, Wang M. Polyphenols Extracted from Shanxi-Aged Vinegar Inhibit Inflammation in LPS-Induced RAW264.7 Macrophages and ICR Mice via the Suppression of MAPK/NF-κB Pathway Activation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092745. [PMID: 34067016 PMCID: PMC8124351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Shanxi-aged vinegar, a traditional Chinese grain-fermented food that is rich in polyphenols, has been shown to have therapeutic effects on a variety of diseases. However, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of polyphenols extracted from Shanxi-aged vinegar (SAVEP) to date. The anti-inflammatory activities of SAVEP, both in RAW 264.7 macrophages and mice, were extensively investigated for the potential application of SAVEP as a novel anti-inflammatory agent. In order to confirm the notion that polyphenols could improve inflammatory symptoms, SAVEP was firstly detected by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In total, 19 polyphenols were detected, including 12 phenolic acids. The study further investigated the protective effect of SAVEP on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages and ICR mice. The results showed that compared with those of the model group, SAVEP could remarkably recover the inflammation of macrophage RAW264.7 and ICR mice. SAVEP can normalise the expression of related proteins via the suppression of MAPK/NF-κB pathway activation, inhibiting the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins, and consequently the production of inflammatory factors, thus alleviating inflammatory stress. These results suggest that SAVEP may have a potential function against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Du
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Jia Song
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
| | - Huirui Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haorui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Junhan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
| | - Shengping Jiang
- Research Center for Modern Analysis Techniques, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Research Center for Modern Analysis Techniques, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; (S.J.); (J.L.)
| | - Yu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology (Tianjin University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300457, China; (P.D.); (H.Q.); (H.L.); (L.Z.); (J.Z.)
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
- Correspondence: (J.S.); (Y.Z.); (M.W.); Tel.: +86-022-60601256 (J.S.); +86-022-60601256 (Y.Z.); +86-022-60600045 (M.W.)
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11
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Sulistiyani E, Brimson JM, Chansaenroj A, Sariya L, Urkasemsin G, Oonsiri S, Tencomnao T, Vacharaksa A, Chaisuparat R, Ferreira JN. Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate Protects Pro-Acinar Epithelia Against Salivary Gland Radiation Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063162. [PMID: 33808935 PMCID: PMC8003734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant agents are promising pharmaceuticals to prevent salivary gland (SG) epithelial injury from radiotherapy and their associated irreversible dry mouth symptoms. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a well-known antioxidant that can exert growth or inhibitory biological effects in normal or pathological tissues leading to disease prevention. The effects of EGCG in the various SG epithelial compartments are poorly understood during homeostasis and upon radiation (IR) injury. This study aims to: (1) determine whether EGCG can support epithelial proliferation during homeostasis; and (2) investigate what epithelial cells are protected by EGCG from IR injury. Ex vivo mouse SG were treated with EGCG from 7.5–30 µg/mL for up to 72 h. Next, SG epithelial branching morphogenesis was evaluated by bright-field microscopy, immunofluorescence, and gene expression arrays. To establish IR injury models, linear accelerator (LINAC) technologies were utilized, and radiation doses optimized. EGCG epithelial effects in these injury models were assessed using light, confocal and electron microscopy, the Griess assay, immunohistochemistry, and gene arrays. SG pretreated with EGCG 7.5 µg/mL promoted epithelial proliferation and the development of pro-acinar buds and ducts in regular homeostasis. Furthermore, EGCG increased the populations of epithelial progenitors in buds and ducts and pro-acinar cells, most probably due to its observed antioxidant activity after IR injury, which prevented epithelial apoptosis. Future studies will assess the potential for nanocarriers to increase the oral bioavailability of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erni Sulistiyani
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - James M. Brimson
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Ajjima Chansaenroj
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Ladawan Sariya
- The Monitoring and Surveillance Center for Zoonotic Diseases in Wildlife and Exotic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Ganokon Urkasemsin
- Department of Preclinical and Applied Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Sornjarod Oonsiri
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Tewin Tencomnao
- Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (J.M.B.); (T.T.)
| | - Anjalee Vacharaksa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Risa Chaisuparat
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Joao N. Ferreira
- Exocrine Gland Biology and Regeneration Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (E.S.); (A.C.); (R.C.)
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +66-2-218-8810
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12
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Pandiella-Alonso A, Díaz-Rodríguez E, Sanz E. Antitumoral Properties of the Nutritional Supplement Ocoxin Oral Solution: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092661. [PMID: 32878230 PMCID: PMC7551453 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocoxin Oral Solution (OOS) is a nutritional supplement whose formulation includes several plant extracts and natural products with demonstrated antitumoral properties. This review summarizes the antitumoral action of the different constituents of OOS. The action of this formulation on different preclinical models as well as clinical trials is reviewed, paying special attention to the mechanism of action and quality of life improvement properties of this nutritional supplement. Molecularly, its mode of action includes a double edge role on tumor biology, that involves a slowdown in cell proliferation accompanied by cell death induction. Given the safety and good tolerability of OOS, and its potentiation of the antitumoral effect of other standard of care drugs, OOS may be used in the oncology clinic in combination with conventional therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atanasio Pandiella-Alonso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-IBSAL and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Elena Díaz-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, CSIC-IBSAL and CIBERONC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain;
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13
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Chen BH, Hsieh CH, Tsai SY, Wang CY, Wang CC. Anticancer effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate nanoemulsion on lung cancer cells through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Sci Rep 2020; 10:5163. [PMID: 32198390 PMCID: PMC7083948 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-62136-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a green tea-derived polyphenol, exhibits antitumor activities. An EGCG nanoemulsion (nano-EGCG) was prepared to improve the stability and reduce the side effects of EGCG for treatment of human lung cancer cells, and the antitumor effects were studied. The possible molecular mechanism underlying its antitumor effects on cultured human lung cancer cells was also elucidated. The antitumor effects of EGCG and nano-EGCG were determined using methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), colony formation, migration, and invasion assays. In addition, changes in the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway were investigated using Western blot analyses. AMPK inhibitors were used to determine the roles of the AMPK signaling pathway involved in the molecular mechanism of the nano-EGCG. Our results showed that both EGCG and nano-EGCG inhibited the growth of H1299 lung cancer cells, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 36.03 and 4.71 μM, respectively. Additionally, nano-EGCG effectively suppressed lung cancer cell colony formation, migration, and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Nano-EGCG may inhibit lung cancer cell invasion through matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2- and MMP-9-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, the expression of several key regulatory proteins in the AMPK signaling pathway was modulated by nano-EGCG. Nano-EGCG may inhibit lung cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion through the activation of AMPK signaling pathways. This novel mechanism of nano-EGCG suggests its application in lung cancer prevention and treatment. Our results provide an experimental foundation for further research on its potential activities and effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Huei Chen
- Department of Food Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Su-Yun Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Yu Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chung Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, 24205, Taiwan.
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14
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Sharifi-Rad M, Pezzani R, Redaelli M, Zorzan M, Imran M, Ahmed Khalil A, Salehi B, Sharopov F, Cho WC, Sharifi-Rad J. Preclinical Pharmacological Activities of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate in Signaling Pathways: An Update on Cancer. Molecules 2020; 25:E467. [PMID: 31979082 PMCID: PMC7037968 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the main bioactive component of catechins predominantly present in svarious types of teas. EGCG is well known for a wide spectrum of biological activity as an anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor agent. The effect of EGCG on cell death mechanisms via the induction of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy has been documented. Moreover, its anti-proliferative and chemopreventive action has been demonstrated in many cancer cell lines. It was also involved in the modulation of cyclooxygenase-2, in oxidative stress and inflammation of different cell processes. EGCG has been reported as a promising target for plasma membrane proteins, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). In addition, it has been demonstrated a mechanism of action relying on the inhibition of ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, NF-κB, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). EGCG and its derivatives were used in proteasome inhibition and they were involved in epigenetic mechanisms. In summary, EGCG is the most predominant and bioactive constituent of teas and it has a pivotal role in cancer prevention. Its preclinical pharmacological activities are associated with complex molecular mechanisms that involve numerous signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sharifi-Rad
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616913555, Iran;
| | - Raffaele Pezzani
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
| | - Marco Redaelli
- AIROB, Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca Oncologica di Base, 35046 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Maira Zorzan
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padova, via Ospedale 105, 35128 Padova, Italy;
- Venetian Institute for Molecular Science and Experimental Technologies, VIMSET, Pz. Milani 4, Liettoli di Campolongo Maggiore (VE), 30010 Venice, Italy
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Anees Ahmed Khalil
- University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.I.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran
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15
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Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG), An Active Constituent of Green Tea: Implications in the Prevention of Liver Injury Induced by Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) in Rats. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9224821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Liver diseases are one of the most detrimental conditions that may cause inflammation, leading to tissue damage and perturbations in functions. Several drugs are conventionally available for the treatment of such diseases, but the emergence of resistance and drug-induced liver injury remains pervasive. Hence, alternative therapeutic strategies have to be looked upon. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) is a naturally occurring polyphenol in green tea that has been known for its disease-curing properties. In this study, we aimed to evaluate its anti-oxidative potential and protective role against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver injury. Four different groups of rats were used for this study. The first group received normal saline and served as the control group. The second group received DEN (50 mg/kg body wt) alone and third group received DEN plus EGCG (40 mg/kg body wt) only. The fourth group were treated with EGCG only. The liver protective effect of EGCG against DEN toxicity through monitoring the alterations in aspartate transaminase (AST), and alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, serum level of pro-inflammatory mediators and anti-oxidant enzymes, histopathological alterations, measurement of cellular apoptosis, and cell cycle analysis was examined. The rats that were given DEN only had a highly significantly elevated levels of liver enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, highly decreased anti-oxidative enzymes, and histological changes. In addition, a significant elevation in the percentage of apoptotic nuclei and cell cycle arrest in the sub- G1 phase was detected. EGCG acts as a hepatoprotectant on DENs by reducing the serum levels of liver functional enzymes, increasing total anti-oxidative capacity, reducing pathological changes and apoptosis, as well as causing the movement of cells from the sub G1 to S or G2/M phase of the cell cycle. In conclusion, EGCG displayed a powerful hepatoprotective additive as it considerably mitigates the liver toxicity and apoptosis induced by DEN.
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16
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Silva E, Arruda L, Vieira J, Soares P, Guerra M. (+)-Catechin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate: are these promising antioxidant therapies for frozen goat semen? ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-10539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of (+)-catechin or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on goat semen freezability. Poolsof semen were processed (Experiment 1: 0, 15, 25, 50, 75, or 100µM (+)-catechin; Experiment 2: 0, 15, 25, 50, 75, or 100µM EGCG) and frozen. After thawing, the samples were evaluated for kinematics, plasma membrane (PMi) and acrosome integrity, morphology, and oxidative stress, at 0 and 1h. In Experiment 1, at 0h, VSL and VAP were greater (P<0.05) with 15µM than with 50 and 100; WOB was lower (P<0.05) with 100µM than with 0, 15, and 25; and BCF was higher (P<0.05) with 75 and 100µM than with 0. In turn, in Experiment 2, progressive motility was higher (P<0.05) with0 and 15µM than with50 and 75; LIN was lower (P<0.05) with75 and100µM than with0 and 15; WOB was higher (P<0.05) with0 and 15µM; and PMi was greater (P<0.05) with100µM than 0. Thus, (+)-catechin or EGCG at higher concentrations inhibits the kinematics of frozen goat sperm, in a transitory way, and 100µM of EGCG preserves the PMi.
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Affiliation(s)
- E.C.B. Silva
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | | | - P.C. Soares
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Brazil
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17
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Denis HL, Lauruol F, Cicchetti F. Are immunotherapies for Huntington's disease a realistic option? Mol Psychiatry 2019; 24:364-377. [PMID: 29487401 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
There is compelling evidence that the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative diseases includes dysregulation of the immune system, with some elements that precede disease onset. However, if these alterations are prominent, why have clinical trials targeting this system failed to translate into long-lasting meaningful benefits for patients? This review focuses on Huntington's disease, a genetic disorder marked by notable cerebral and peripheral inflammation. We summarize ongoing and completed clinical trials that have involved pharmacological approaches to inhibit various components of the immune system and their pre-clinical correlates. We then discuss new putative treatment strategies using more targeted immunotherapies such as vaccination and intrabodies and how these may offer new hope in the treatment of Huntington's disease as well as other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélèna L Denis
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Florian Lauruol
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Francesca Cicchetti
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada. .,Département de Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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18
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Wang T, Long F, Zhang X, Yang Y, Jiang X, Wang L. Chemopreventive effects of atractylenolide II on mammary tumorigenesis via activating Nrf2-ARE pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:77500-77514. [PMID: 29100404 PMCID: PMC5652796 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In the studies of chemoprevention, the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway has received widespread attention due to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidation effects. Our previous study indicated that atractylenolide II, which is an active component of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, is a potential activator of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. In this study, we observed that atractylenolide II significantly increased Nrf2 expressing, nuclear translocation and the expression of its downstream detoxifying enzymes, thus decreasing 17β-Estradiol induced malignant transformation in MCF 10A cells, and we found that atractylenolide II acted through JNK/ERK-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Furthermore, atractylenolide II significantly reduced N-Nitroso-N-methylurea induced tumor incidence, multiplicity and volume, with activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway and decreased inflammation and oxidative stress in rat mammary tissue. Collectively, our results suggested that atractylenolide II could protect against mammary tumorigenesis both in vivo and in vitro via activating Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway, which supported atractylenolide II as a novel chemopreventive agent of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institution, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fangyi Long
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Provincial Hospital for Women and Children, Women and Children's Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiqian Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuehua Jiang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, Key Laboratory of Drug Ministry of Education, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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19
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Little CH, Combet E, McMillan DC, Horgan PG, Roxburgh CSD. The role of dietary polyphenols in the moderation of the inflammatory response in early stage colorectal cancer. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:2310-2320. [PMID: 26066365 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2014.997866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Current focus in colorectal cancer (CRC) management is on reducing overall mortality by increasing the number of early-stage cancers diagnosed and treated with curative intent. Despite the success of screening programs in down-staging CRC, interval cancer rates are substantial and other strategies are desirable. Sporadic CRC is largely associated with lifestyle factors including diet. Polyphenols are phytochemicals ingested as part of a normal diet, which are abundant in plant foods including fruits/berries and vegetables. These may exert their anti-carcinogenic effects via the modulation of inflammatory pathways. Key signal transduction pathways are fundamental to the association of inflammation and disease progression including those mediated by NF-κB and STAT, PI3K and COX. Our aim was to examine the evidence for the effect of dietary polyphenols intake on tumor and host inflammatory responses to determine if polyphenols may be effective as part of a dietary intervention. There is good epidemiological evidence of a reduction in CRC risk from case-control and cohort studies assessing polyphenol intake. It would be premature to suggest a major public health intervention to promote their consumption; however, dietary change is safe and feasible, emphasizing the need for further investigation of polyphenols and CRC risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Little
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - E Combet
- b Department of Human Nutrition , School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Yorkhill Hospital , Glasgow , UK
| | - D C McMillan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - P G Horgan
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
| | - C S D Roxburgh
- a Academic Unit of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Glasgow, Royal Infirmary , Glasgow , UK
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20
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Trotter LA, Patel D, Dubin S, Guerra C, McCloud V, Lockwood P, Messer R, Wataha JC, Lewis JB. Violet/blue light activates Nrf2 signaling and modulates the inflammatory response of THP-1 monocytes. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:883-889. [DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00299d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several studies suggest that light in the UVA range (320–400 nm) activates signaling pathways that are anti-inflammatory and antioxidative.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Patel
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- University of Kentucky
| | - S. Dubin
- Western University of Health Sciences
- College of Dental Medicine
- Pomona
- USA
| | - C. Guerra
- Western University of Health Sciences
- College of Dental Medicine
- Pomona
- USA
| | - V. McCloud
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - P. Lockwood
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - R. Messer
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
| | - J. C. Wataha
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- University of Washington
| | - J. B. Lewis
- Augusta University
- Dept. of Oral Biology
- Augusta
- USA
- Western University of Health Sciences
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21
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Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits angiotensin II-induced C-reactive protein generation through interfering with the AT 1-ROS-ERK1/2 signaling pathway in hepatocytes. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2016; 389:1225-1234. [PMID: 27492718 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-016-1279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation plays a key role in many chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases. As a representative inflammatory molecule, C-reactive protein (CRP) is mainly produced in the liver. Hepatic CRP plays a direct role in the inflammatory hepatic diseases and in development of atherosclerosis when entering into the blood circulation. In the present study, we observed the effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on Ang II-induced CRP generation in hepatocytes and the molecular mechanism. Rats were delivered with the subcutaneous infusion of Ang II and/or intragastric administration of EGCG for 7 days. Hepatocytes were pretreated with EGCG before stimulation with Ang II in vitro. CRP level in the serum and liver was determined with ELISA and the immunohistochemical staining. RNA and protein expressions were determined using RT-PCR and Western blot. The in vivo experiment confirmed that EGCG reduced not only CRP generation in the liver of Ang II-infused rats but also serum CRP level. The in vitro results showed that pretreatment of hepatocytes with EGCG inhibited Ang II-induced mRNA and protein expression of CRP in a concentration-dependent manner. Further study exhibited that EGCG downregulated AT1 expression, attenuated Ang II-activated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and upregulated Ang II-inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) expression in vitro and in vivo. In addition, EGCG decreased Ang II-stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in hepatocytes. These demonstrate that EGCG is able to inhibit Ang II-induced CRP generation by interfering with AT1-ROS-ERK1/2 signal pathway in hepatocytes, which provides the new evidence and mechanism for the anti-inflammatory effect of EGCG.
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22
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Quifer-Rada P, Choy YY, Calvert CC, Waterhouse AL, Lamuela-Raventos RM. Use of metabolomics and lipidomics to evaluate the hypocholestreolemic effect of Proanthocyanidins from grape seed in a pig model. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:2219-2227. [PMID: 27240545 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This work aims to evaluate changes in the fecal metabolomic profile due to grape seed extract (GSE) intake by untargeted and targeted analysis using high resolution mass spectrometry in conjunction with multivariate statistics. METHODS AND RESULTS An intervention study with six crossbred female pigs was performed. The pigs followed a standard diet for 3 days, then they were fed with a supplemented diet containing 1% (w/w) of MegaNatural® Gold grape seed extract for 6 days. Fresh pig fecal samples were collected daily. A combination of untargeted high resolution mass spectrometry, multivariate analysis (PLS-DA), data-dependent MS/MS scan, and accurate mass database matching was used to measure the effect of the treatment on fecal composition. The resultant PLS-DA models showed a good discrimination among classes with great robustness and predictability. A total of 14 metabolites related to the GSE consumption were identified including biliary acid, dicarboxylic fatty acid, cholesterol metabolites, purine metabolites, and eicosanoid metabolites among others. Moreover, targeted metabolomics using GC-MS showed that cholesterol and its metabolites fecal excretion was increased due to the proanthocyanidins from grape seed extract. CONCLUSION The results show that oligomeric procyanidins from GSE modifies bile acid and steroid excretion, which could exert a hypocholesterolemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Quifer-Rada
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy -XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBEROBN del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Spain
| | - Ying Yng Choy
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrew L Waterhouse
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy -XARTA-INSA-UB, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBEROBN del Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Spain.
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Shirakami Y, Sakai H, Kochi T, Seishima M, Shimizu M. Catechins and Its Role in Chronic Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 929:67-90. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-41342-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Singh BN, Singh HB, Singh A, Naqvi AH, Singh BR. Dietary phytochemicals alter epigenetic events and signaling pathways for inhibition of metastasis cascade: phytoblockers of metastasis cascade. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2015; 33:41-85. [PMID: 24390421 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-013-9457-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis is a multistep process in which a cancer cell spreads from the site of the primary lesion, passes through the circulatory system, and establishes a secondary tumor at a new nonadjacent organ or part. Inhibition of cancer progression by dietary phytochemicals (DPs) offers significant promise for reducing the incidence and mortality of cancer. Consumption of DPs in the diet has been linked to a decrease in the rate of metastatic cancer in a number of preclinical animal models and human epidemiological studies. DPs have been reported to modulate the numerous biological events including epigenetic events (noncoding micro-RNAs, histone modification, and DNA methylation) and multiple signaling transduction pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, Sonic hedgehog, COX-2, EGFR, MAPK-ERK, JAK-STAT, Akt/PI3K/mTOR, NF-κB, AP-1, etc.), which can play a key role in regulation of metastasis cascade. Extensive studies have also been performed to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying antimetastatic activity of DPs, with results indicating that these DPs have significant inhibitory activity at nearly every step of the metastatic cascade. DPs have anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis and by inhibiting cell growth, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. Growing evidence has also shown that these natural agents potentiate the efficacy of chemotherapy and radiotherapy through the regulation of multiple signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the variety of molecular mechanisms by which DPs regulate metastatic cascade and highlight the potentials of these DPs as promising therapeutic inhibitors of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Singh
- Research and Development Division, Sowbhagya Biotech Private Limited, Cherlapally, Hyderabad, 500051, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Hwang YJ, Song J, Kim HR, Hwang KA. Oleanolic acid regulates NF-κB signaling by suppressing MafK expression in RAW 264.7 cells. BMB Rep 2015; 47:524-9. [PMID: 25059280 PMCID: PMC4206729 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2014.47.9.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and inflammation are common to many pathological conditions. Defense mechanisms protect cells from oxidative stress, but can become over-activated following injury and inflammation. NF-κB and Nrf2 transcription factors regulate proinflammatory and antioxidant gene expression, respectively. Studies have shown that many natural dietary compounds regulate NF-κB and Nrf2, preventing inflammation and oxidative stress. Here, we report major compounds of Prunella vulgaris var. lilacina such as rosmarinic acid, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and caffeic acid as a potential therapeutic for oxidative stress and inflammation. The major compounds exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity, inhibiting NO, PGE2 production, NF-κB expression and activating Nrf2 expression. In addition, we examined the effect of major compounds on MafK expression. Among the compounds, oleanolic acid significantly decreased MafK expression and MafK-mediated p65 acetylation. These findings suggest that oleanolic acid as NF-κB inhibitors can potentially be used in therapeutic applications for the treatment of oxidative stressnduced diseases. [BMB Reports 2014; 47(9): 524-529]
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
| | - Jaewhan Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
| | - Haeng-Ran Kim
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hwang
- Department of Agrofood Resources, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju 565-850, Korea
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Implications of Green Tea and Its Constituents in the Prevention of Cancer via the Modulation of Cell Signalling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:925640. [PMID: 25977926 PMCID: PMC4419223 DOI: 10.1155/2015/925640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Green tea is commonly used as a beverage worldwide, especially in China, Japan, Morocco, and Saudi Arabia. Green tea and its constituents have been considered very effective in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It contains a variety of catechins, which show a pivotal role in the modulation of biological activities and also act as chemopreventive agents. Earlier studies have confirmed that green tea and its chief constituent epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have a potential role in the management of cancer through the modulation of cell signaling pathways. In this review, we focused on the beneficial effects of green tea and its constituents in the cancer prevention and treatment and its impact on modulation of molecular pathways.
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Saha C, Hegde P, Friboulet A, Bayry J, Kaveri SV. Viscum album-mediated COX-2 inhibition implicates destabilization of COX-2 mRNA. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0114965. [PMID: 25664986 PMCID: PMC4321838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive use of Viscum album (VA) preparations in the complementary therapy of cancer and in several other human pathologies has led to an increasing number of cellular and molecular approaches to explore the mechanisms of action of VA. We have recently demonstrated that, VA preparations exert a potent anti-inflammatory effect by selectively down-regulating the COX-2-mediated cytokine-induced secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), one of the important molecular signatures of inflammatory reactions. In this study, we observed a significant down-regulation of COX-2 protein expression in VA-treated A549 cells however COX-2 mRNA levels were unaltered. Therefore, we hypothesized that VA induces destabilisation of COX-2 mRNA, thereby depleting the available functional COX-2 mRNA for the protein synthesis and for the subsequent secretion of PGE2. To address this question, we analyzed the molecular degradation of COX-2 protein and its corresponding mRNA in A549 cell line. Using cyclohexamide pulse chase experiment, we demonstrate that, COX-2 protein degradation is not affected by the treatment with VA whereas experiments on transcriptional blockade with actinomycin D, revealed a marked reduction in the half life of COX-2 mRNA due to its rapid degradation in the cells treated with VA compared to that in IL-1β-stimulated cells. These results thus demonstrate that VA-mediated inhibition of PGE2 implicates destabilization of COX-2 mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitrali Saha
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 6022, Compiègne, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Pushpa Hegde
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris, France
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 6022, Compiègne, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, France
| | - Alain Friboulet
- Université de Technologie de Compiègne, UMR CNRS 6022, Compiègne, France
| | - Jagadeesh Bayry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
| | - Srinivas V. Kaveri
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité 1138, Paris, France
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe-Immunopathology and therapeutic immunointervention, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, UMR_S 1138, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Mun ST, Bae DH, Ahn WS. Epigallocatechin gallate with photodynamic therapy enhances anti-tumor effects in vivo and in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2014; 11:141-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Modifying Effects of Dietary Factors on (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced Pro-matrix Metalloproteinase-7 Production in HT-29 Human Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:2442-50. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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30
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Orhan C, Tuzcu M, Gencoglu H, Sahin N, Hayirli A, Sahin K. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate exerts protective effects against heat stress through modulating stress-responsive transcription factors in poultry. Br Poult Sci 2014; 54:447-53. [PMID: 23906218 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.806787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
1. The aim of the study was to describe the effect of Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol derived from green tea, on activator protein-1 (AP-1) components (phospho-c-Jun and c-Fos), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and heat shock proteins (HSPs) in the liver of heat-stressed quails. 2. A total of 180 5-week-old female Japanese quails were reared either at 22°C for 24 h/d (thermoneutral, TN) or 34°C for 8 h/d (heat stress, HS) for 12 weeks. Birds in both environments were randomly given 1 of 3 diets: basal diet and basal diet with 200 or 400 mg of EGCG added per kilogram of diet. 3. The hepatic c-Jun, c-Fos, COX-2 and HSPs gene expression for quails reared under the HS environment was greater than those reared under the TN environment. Supplemental EGCG decreased hepatic expression of these proteins at a greater extent under HS than TN. 4. In conclusion, suppression of AP-1 COX-2 and HSPs may partly account for the inhibitory effect of EGCG in heat-stressed quail.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, 23119 Elazig, Turkey
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31
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Yang WH, Deng YT, Kuo MYP, Liu CM, Chang HH, Chang JZC. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate Blocks Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate–induced Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression by Suppressing Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase in Human Dental Pulp and Embryonic Palatal Mesenchymal Cells. J Endod 2013; 39:1407-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kumar G, Dange P, Kailaje V, Vaidya MM, Ramchandani AG, Maru GB. Polymeric black tea polyphenols modulate the localization and activity of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated kinases in mouse skin: mechanisms of their anti-tumor-promoting action. Free Radic Biol Med 2012; 53:1358-70. [PMID: 22841871 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2012.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric black tea polyphenols (PBPs) have been shown to possess anti-tumor-promoting effects in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. However, their mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In this study, mechanisms of PBP-mediated antipromoting effects were investigated in a mouse model employing the tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Compared to controls, a single topical application of TPA to mouse skin increased the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from cytosol to membrane. Pretreatment with PBPs 1-3 decreased TPA-induced translocation of PKC isozymes (α, β, η, γ, ε) from cytosol to membrane, whereas PBPs 4 and 5 were less effective. The levels of PKCs δ and ζ in cytosol/membrane were similar in all the treatment groups. Complementary confocal microscopic evaluation showed a decrease in TPA-induced PKCα fluorescence in PBP-3-pretreated membranes, whereas pretreatment with PBP-5 did not show a similar decrease. Based on the experiments with specific enzyme inhibitors and phosphospecific antibodies, both PBP-3 and PBP-5 were observed to decrease TPA-induced level and/or activity of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and AKT1 (pS473). An additional ability of PBP-3 to inhibit site-specific phosphorylation of PKCα at all three positions responsible for its activation [PKCα (pT497), PKC PAN (βII pS660), PKCα/βII (pT638/641)] and AKT1 at the Thr308 position, along with a decrease in TPA-induced PDK1 protein level, correlated with the inhibition of translocation of PKC, which may impart relatively stronger chemoprotective activity to PBP-3 than to PBP-5. Altogether, PBP-mediated decrease in TPA-induced PKC phosphorylation correlated well with decreased TPA-induced NF-κB phosphorylation and downstream target proteins associated with proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation in mouse skin. Results suggest that the antipromoting effects of PBPs are due to modulation of TPA-induced PI3K-mediated signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Kumar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai 410210, India
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Martinez-Micaelo N, González-Abuín N, Ardèvol A, Pinent M, Blay MT. Procyanidins and inflammation: molecular targets and health implications. Biofactors 2012; 38:257-65. [PMID: 22505223 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. Thus, the modulation of the inflammatory response by the consumption of bioactive food compounds, such as procyanidins, is a powerful tool to promote health. Procyanidin-mediated anti-inflammatory molecular mechanisms include, among others, the modulation of the arachidonic acid pathway, the inhibition of the gene transcription, protein expression and enzymatic activity of eicosanoid generating enzymes, the production and secretion of inflammatory mediators (such as cytokines and nitric oxide), the inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway activation, and the modulation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. The NF-κB pathway can be regulated by procyanidins at several levels. During early events in NF-κB signaling, procyanidins modulate Iκκ activity, and the cytoplasmic retention of p65:p50 NF-κB by the inhibition of IκB phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation, while at late stages, they affect the nuclear translocation of pro/anti-inflammatory NF-κB homo/hetero dimers and their subsequent binding to the promoter regions of target genes. To identify and understand the value of procyanidins in the modulation of the inflammatory response, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory activities and prohomeostatic effects of procyanidins need to be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neus Martinez-Micaelo
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Abstract
Cancer initiation and progression are multistep events that require cell proliferation, migration, extravasation to the blood or lymphatic vessels, arrest to the metastatic site, and ultimately secondary growth. Tumor cell functions at both primary or secondary sites are controlled by many different factors, including growth factors and their receptors, chemokines, nuclear receptors, cell-cell interactions, cell-matrix interactions, as well as oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid. The observation that cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases and their arachidonic acid-derived eicosanoid products (prostanoids and HETEs) are expressed and produced by tumor cells, together with the finding that these enzymes can regulate cell growth, survival, migration, and invasion, has prompted investigators to analyze the roles of these enzymes in cancer progression. In this review, we focus on the contribution of cyclooxygenase- and lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoids to tumor cell function in vitro and in vivo and discuss hope and tribulations of targeting these enzymes for cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claus Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical School, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Anti-inflammatory activity of lipophilic epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) derivatives in LPS-stimulated murine macrophages. Food Chem 2012; 134:742-8. [PMID: 23107686 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.02.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 12/25/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major polyphenol in green tea and the main bioactive compound responsible for the health benefits of tea consumption, has been proposed as a functional ingredient for food and natural health products. However, EGCG is hydrophilic with poor cellular absorption and thus compromised bioefficiency in vivo. In order to enhance the lipophilicity of EGCG for improved bioefficiency and to take advantage of the health beneficial omega 3 fatty acids, the EGCG molecule was esterified with docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), upon which a mixture of ester derivatives with different degrees of substitution was produced. The EGCG-DPA esters were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity in LPS (lipopolysaccharides)-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. The production of pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE(2)) was significantly inhibited by treatment of EGCG-DPA esters, and the inhibition was largely due to their down-regulatory effect on iNOS (inducible NO synthase) and COX (cyclooxygenase)-2 gene expression at transcriptional level. The EGCG-DPA esters effectively suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX -2 proteins as well as their mRNA, as observed with western blotting and RT-PCR analyses. Ester derivatives of EGCG with other fatty acids (stearic acid, SA; eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA; and docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) were also prepared in the form of pure tetraesters, which also exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in the macrophages. The results suggest that EGCG ester derivatives with anti-inflammatory potentials may be useful in preventing/treating inflammation-mediated diseases and health conditions.
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Zhong Y, Chiou YS, Pan MH, Ho CT, Shahidi F. Protective effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) derivatives on azoxymethane-induced colonic carcinogenesis in mice. J Funct Foods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2011.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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37
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Deng YT, Lin JK. EGCG inhibits the invasion of highly invasive CL1-5 lung cancer cells through suppressing MMP-2 expression via JNK signaling and induces G2/M arrest. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:13318-27. [PMID: 22082235 DOI: 10.1021/jf204149c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is the main obstacle to the treatment of lung cancer. According to previous findings, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is closely correlated with metastatic potential in lung cancer. This study showed that epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a natural polyphenol in green tea, is a potent inhibitor of MMP-2 expression. EGCG effectively suppressed the invasion and migration of highly invasive CL1-5 lung cancer cells. Gelatin zymography, Western blot analysis, and RT-PCR were used to investigate the effects of EGCG on MMP-2 expression. The effects of EGCG on cell cycle and apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry analysis. To investigate the effects of EGCG on cell migration and cell invasion, Transwell migration/invasion assays were used. EGCG downregulated MMP-2 expression at the transcriptional level in CL1-5 cells. Moreover, the treatment of CL1-5 cells with EGCG caused downregulation of c- Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), resulting in repression of the translocation of transcriptional factors, Sp1, and NF-κB, from the cytosol into the nucleus. In addition, EGCG significantly and synergistically enhanced the antitumor effects of the clinical drug, docetaxel, in CL1-5 cells. Further, EGCG induced G2/M arrest at dosages higher than those of suppression in cell invasion in CL1-5 cells. These results reveal that EGCG might decrease MMP-2 mRNA expression through JNK signaling, further suggesting that a combination of EGCG and docetaxel may be a promising strategy to help increase the efficacy of docetaxel in suppressing metastasis in lung cancer cells. In addition, EGCG may suppress cell proliferation in CL1-5 cells through inducing G2/M arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yea-Tzy Deng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Shin JW, Kundu JK, Surh YJ. Phloretin inhibits phorbol ester-induced tumor promotion and expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in mouse skin: extracellular signal-regulated kinase and nuclear factor-κB as potential targets. J Med Food 2011; 15:253-7. [PMID: 22181070 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of phloretin [2',4',6'-trihydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propiophenone] on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and tumor promotion in mouse skin and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Topical application of phloretin significantly inhibited 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene-initiated and TPA-promoted mouse skin carcinogenesis. Pretreatment with phloretin on the dorsal skin of mice inhibited TPA-induced COX-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. To elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying COX-2 inhibition by phloretin, we examined its effect on TPA-induced activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a ubiquitous transcription factor responsible for TPA-induced COX-2 expression in mouse skin. Topically applied phloretin decreased the TPA-induced DNA binding of NF-κB. In addition, phloretin inhibited the phosphorylation as well as the catalytic activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which was previously found to activate NF-κB and induce COX-2 expression in TPA-treated mouse skin. Taken together, the inhibitory effects of phloretin on TPA-induced NF-κB activation and COX-2 expression through the modulation of ERK signaling may partly account for its antitumor-promoting effect on mouse skin carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Wan Shin
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Loo WT, Wang M, Jin L, Cheung MN, Li G. Association of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9) and cyclooxygenase-2 gene polymorphisms and their proteins with chronic periodontitis. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1081-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Molecular mechanism underlying anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects of Mamao (Antidesma thwaitesianum Müll. Arg.) polyphenolics in human breast epithelial cells. Food Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Singh BN, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:1807-21. [PMID: 21827739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 981] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An expanding body of preclinical evidence suggests EGCG, the major catechin found in green tea (Camellia sinensis), has the potential to impact a variety of human diseases. Apparently, EGCG functions as a powerful antioxidant, preventing oxidative damage in healthy cells, but also as an antiangiogenic and antitumor agent and as a modulator of tumor cell response to chemotherapy. Much of the cancer chemopreventive properties of green tea are mediated by EGCG that induces apoptosis and promotes cell growth arrest by altering the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, activating killer caspases, and suppressing oncogenic transcription factors and pluripotency maintain factors. In vitro studies have demonstrated that EGCG blocks carcinogenesis by affecting a wide array of signal transduction pathways including JAK/STAT, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, Wnt and Notch. EGCG stimulates telomere fragmentation through inhibiting telomerase activity. Various clinical studies have revealed that treatment by EGCG inhibits tumor incidence and multiplicity in different organ sites such as liver, stomach, skin, lung, mammary gland and colon. Recent work demonstrated that EGCG reduced DNMTs, proteases, and DHFR activities, which would affect transcription of TSGs and protein synthesis. EGCG has great potential in cancer prevention because of its safety, low cost and bioavailability. In this review, we discuss its cancer preventive properties and its mechanism of action at numerous points regulating cancer cell growth, survival, angiogenesis and metastasis. Therefore, non-toxic natural agent could be useful either alone or in combination with conventional therapeutics for the prevention of tumor progression and/or treatment of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahma N Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutics, and Medicine, The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, United States
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Surh YJ, Na HK. NF-kappaB and Nrf2 as prime molecular targets for chemoprevention and cytoprotection with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant phytochemicals. GENES AND NUTRITION 2011; 2:313-7. [PMID: 18850223 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-007-0063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Joon Surh
- National Research Laboratory of Molecular Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Shinlim-dong, Kwanak-ku, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea,
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Pae M, Ren Z, Meydani M, Shang F, Smith D, Meydani SN, Wu D. Dietary supplementation with high dose of epigallocatechin-3-gallate promotes inflammatory response in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 23:526-31. [PMID: 21684134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) from green tea has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, most of the evidence is in vitro studies in which EGCG is often added at levels unachievable by oral intake. With few exceptions, in vivo studies along this line have been conducted in animal models of diseases, and the results are inconclusive. In this study, we fed C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0%, 0.15%, 0.3% or 1% (w/w) EGCG for 6 weeks. Contrary to the assumption that EGCG would reduce inflammatory response, mice fed 0.15% and 0.3% EGCG diet exhibited no change while those fed 1% EGCG diet produced more proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β and lipid inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E(2) in their splenocytes and macrophages (MΦ) and less IL-4 in splenocytes. Spleens from the mice fed 1% EGCG diet also had higher proportions of regulatory T cells, MΦ, natural killer (NK) cells and NKT cells compared to those from mice fed the other diets. These results suggest that high intake of EGCG may induce a proinflammatory response, and this change may be associated with a disturbed homeostasis of immune cells involving changes in both function and number of specific immune cell populations. While the mechanisms and clinical significance for this effect of EGCG remain to be investigated further, these data suggest the need for defining accurate EGCG dose limits to induce an anti-inflammatory effect since current data indicate that higher doses would produce an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkyong Pae
- Nutritional Immunology Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Yi Lau GT, Leung LK. The dietary flavonoid apigenin blocks phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 transcriptional activity in breast cell lines. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 48:3022-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2010] [Revised: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Butein downregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced COX-2 transcriptional activity in cancerous and non-cancerous breast cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 648:24-30. [PMID: 20826149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2010] [Revised: 07/20/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Butein is a flavonoid isolated from the bark of Rhus verniciflua Stokes and the flowers of Butea monosperma, and is known to be a potential therapeutic drug for treating inflammation and cancer. Cyclooxygenase (COX) converts arachidonic acid to prostanoids, and increased expression of its isoform COX-2 has been observed in breast cancer tissues. It has been suggested that COX inhibitors can be used as chemopreventive agents against breast carcinogenesis. This study examined the potential suppressive effect of the flavonoid on phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced COX-2 expression in the non-tumorigenic MCF-10A and cancerous MCF-7 breast cells. Immunoblot and mRNA analyses revealed that butein at or below 10 μM significantly inhibited PMA-induced COX-2 expression in these breast cells. The blocking of the PKC signaling pathway appeared to be the underlying mechanism. Butein treatment reduced the amount of phospho-mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) ERK-1/2, and the total activity of PKC. Activated ERKs might trigger the transcriptional activation of COX-2. Reporter gene assays as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) illustrated that butein inhibited transcription of this gene. This study showed that butein down-regulated PMA-induced COX-2 expression in both cancerous and non-cancerous breast cells, and such findings could provide the basis for pharmaceutical development of butein.
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Targeting COX-2 expression by natural compounds: a promising alternative strategy to synthetic COX-2 inhibitors for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:1801-15. [PMID: 20615394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.06.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Revised: 06/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 is a pro-inflammatory immediate early response protein, chronically up-regulated in many pathological conditions. In autoimmune diseases, it is responsible for degenerative effects whereas in cancer, it correlates with poor prognosis. A constitutive expression of COX-2 is triggered since the earliest steps of carcinogenesis. Consequently, strategies aimed at inhibiting COX-2 enzymatic activity have been clinically applied for the treatment of autoimmune disorders; in addition, the same approaches are currently investigated for anti-cancer purposes. However, COX-2 protein inhibitors (i.e., NSAIDs and COXIBs) are not amenable to prolonged administration since they may cause severe side effects, and efforts are underway to identify alternative approaches for chemoprevention/therapy. COX-2 expression is a multi-step process, highly regulated at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Defects in the modulation of one or both of these steps may be found in pathological conditions. Targeting COX-2 expression may therefore represent a promising strategy, by which the same preventive and therapeutic benefits may be gained while avoiding the severe side effects of COX-2 enzymatic inhibition. Naturally occurring compounds derived from plants/organisms represent a huge source of biologically active molecules, that remains largely unexplored. Derived from plants/organisms used in traditional forms of medicine or as dietary supplements, these compounds have been experimentally investigated for their anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential. In this review, we will analyze how natural compounds may modulate the multistep regulation of COX-2 gene expression and discuss their potential as a new generation of COX-2 targeting agents alternative to the synthetic COX-2 inhibitors.
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Hsu A, Bray TM, Ho E. Anti-inflammatory activity of soy and tea in prostate cancer prevention. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2010; 235:659-67. [PMID: 20511670 PMCID: PMC4125123 DOI: 10.1258/ebm.2010.009335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the leading cancer-related cause of death for men in the USA. Prostate cancer risk is significantly lower in Asian countries compared with the USA, which has prompted interest in the potential chemo-preventive action of soy and green tea that are more predominant in Asian diets. It has been proposed that chronic inflammation is a major risk factor of prostate cancer, acting as both an initiator and promoter. Specifically, the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) pathway has been implicated as an important mediator between chronic inflammation, cell proliferation and prostate cancer. Dietary factors that inhibit inflammation and NF-kappaB may serve as effective chemo-preventive agents. Recent studies have demonstrated that soy and green tea have anti-inflammatory properties, and may have the potential to block the inflammatory response during cancer progression. This minireview discusses the relationship between chronic inflammation and prostate cancer, emphasizing on the significance of NF-kappaB, and further explores the anti-inflammatory effects of soy and green tea. Finally, we propose that dietary strategies that incorporate these bioactive food components as whole foods may be a more effective means to target pathways that contribute to prostate cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hsu
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 103 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tammy M Bray
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 103 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Emily Ho
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, 103 Milam Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Camargo A, Ruano J, Fernandez JM, Parnell LD, Jimenez A, Santos-Gonzalez M, Marin C, Perez-Martinez P, Uceda M, Lopez-Miranda J, Perez-Jimenez F. Gene expression changes in mononuclear cells in patients with metabolic syndrome after acute intake of phenol-rich virgin olive oil. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:253. [PMID: 20406432 PMCID: PMC2874810 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 04/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that acute intake of high-phenol virgin olive oil reduces pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant and pro-thrombotic markers compared with low phenols virgin olive oil, but it still remains unclear whether effects attributed to its phenolic fraction are exerted at transcriptional level in vivo. To achieve this goal, we aimed at identifying expression changes in genes which could be mediated by virgin olive oil phenol compounds in the human. Results Postprandial gene expression microarray analysis was performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells during postprandial period. Two virgin olive oil-based breakfasts with high (398 ppm) and low (70 ppm) content of phenolic compounds were administered to 20 patients suffering from metabolic syndrome following a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design. To eliminate the potential effect that might exist in their usual dietary habits, all subjects followed a similar low-fat, carbohydrate rich diet during the study period. Microarray analysis identified 98 differentially expressed genes (79 underexpressed and 19 overexpressed) when comparing the intake of phenol-rich olive oil with low-phenol olive oil. Many of these genes seem linked to obesity, dyslipemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Among these, several genes seem involved in inflammatory processes mediated by transcription factor NF-κB, activator protein-1 transcription factor complex AP-1, cytokines, mitogen-activated protein kinases MAPKs or arachidonic acid pathways. Conclusion This study shows that intake of virgin olive oil based breakfast, which is rich in phenol compounds is able to repress in vivo expression of several pro-inflammatory genes, thereby switching activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to a less deleterious inflammatory profile. These results provide at least a partial molecular basis for reduced risk of cardiovascular disease observed in Mediterranean countries, where virgin olive oil represents a main source of dietary fat. Admittedly, other lifestyle factors are also likely to contribute to lowered risk of cardiovascular disease in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Camargo
- IMIBIC (Instituto Maimonides de Investigacion Biomedica de Cordoba), Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Jung M, Triebel S, Anke T, Richling E, Erkel G. Influence of apple polyphenols on inflammatory gene expression. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 53:1263-80. [PMID: 19764067 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.200800575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apples (Malus spp., Rosaceae) and products thereof contain high amounts of polyphenols which show diverse biological activities and may contribute to beneficial health effects, like protecting the intestine against inflammation initiated by chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IBD are characterized by an excessive release of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by different cell types which results consequently in an increased inflammatory response. In the present study we investigated the preventive effectiveness of polyphenolic juice extracts and single major constituents on inflammatory gene expression in immunorelevant human cell lines (DLD-1, T84, MonoMac6, Jurkat) induced with specific stimuli. Besides the influence on proinflammatory gene expression, the effect on NF-kappaB-, IP-10-, IL-8-promoter-, STAT1-dependent signal transduction, and the relative protein levels of multiple released cytokines and chemokines were studied. DNA microarray analysis of several genes known to be strongly regulated during gastrointestinal inflammation, combined with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the apple juice extract AE04 (100-200 microg/mL) significantly inhibited the expression of NF-kappaB regulated proinflammatory genes (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, CXCL9, CXCL10), inflammatory relevant enzymes (COX-2, CYP3A4), and transcription factors (STAT1, IRF1) in LPS/IFN-gamma stimulated MonoMac6 cells without significant effects on the expression of house-keeping genes. A screening of some major compounds of AE04 revealed that the flavan-3-ol dimer procyanidin B(2 )is mainly responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of AE04. Furthermore, the dihydrochalcone aglycone phloretin and the dimeric flavan-3-ol procyanidin B(1 )significantly inhibited proinflammatory gene expression and repressed NF-kappaB-, IP-10-, IL-8-promoter-, and STAT1-dependent signal transduction in a dose-dependent manner. The influence on proinflammatory gene expression by the applied polyphenols thereby strongly correlated with the increased protein levels investigated by human cytokine array studies. In summary, we evaluated selected compounds responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of AE04. In particular, procyanidin B(1), procyanidin B(2), and phloretin revealed anti-inflammatory activities in vitro and therefore may serve as transcription-based inhibitors of proinflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Jung
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Li Y, Ying C, Zuo X, Yi H, Yi W, Meng Y, Ikeda K, Ye X, Yamori Y, Sun X. Green tea polyphenols down-regulate caveolin-1 expression via ERK1/2 and p38MAPK in endothelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2009; 20:1021-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2008] [Revised: 11/26/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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